Index

36th Statistical Report on Internet ‘American Dream’ 40, 324 Development in China 433 Analects 318 40 Kids Songs in Cartoon 279 Anderson, Benedict 28 5000 Years of Chinese Characters 254 Anderson, Chris 46, 49 animation industry A Bite of China 248, 255, 256 and copycats 280 A Complaint Free World 316 control/censorship mechanisms Across the Taiwan Strait and Hong 282–7, 289–90 Kong Film Festival 487 domestic industry growth/challenges Adorno, Theodor 5, 17, 18, 20 277–8, 279–80, 282, 287–8, 290 Adventure Under the Sea 285 evolution of 278–80 advertising foreign animation culture 279–80, and commercialization of television 288 industry 361, 369–72 and ‘going global’ 136, 140–41, and cultural governance of mass 277–8, 287–8 media 192, 199, 200 ‘golden eras’ of 279 and digital publishing industry government policy/regulation 277–8, 388–9 280–87, 288, 289–90 and e-commerce 416–17 international industry growth 276–7, and genesis of cultural industries 5–6 279–80 and ‘going global’ 125, 131, 137, ‘managed creativity’ in 288–90 and industrialization of art 520, 522 recommendation and awards and mobile Internet 402–5 systems 283–4 and online video platforms 347, 348, anti-culture process 17, 18 351–2, 355–6, 403 app-based distributors (digital and radio 5, 260, 262–3, 265, 267–8, publishing industry) 383–4 271, 272 Approval for Foreign Cultural and Advice on Further Strengthening and Artistic Performance Groups & Improving the Work of Exporting Individuals in Song & Dance 140 Cultural Products 129 apps 332, 367, 369, 382–4, 403–4, Aftershock 234 405–6, 407–9 ‘age effect’ 70 architecture Ahn Byung-ki 231 architectural mimicry 89–92 Ahn, Peter 227 and art 460–62 Ai Weiwei 299, 497 ‘big roof debate’ 455–6 Ai Xiaoming 247 and ‘Chineseness’ 453–4, 456–7, 463, Ali WangWang 422–3 464, 465 Alibaba 113, 323, 368, 374, 418, 423–4, commercialization of 456–8 428, 479 and cultural identity 453–4, 463–5 Alipay 419–20, 422 and Design Institutes 457–8, 460, alternative filmmaking 220–22 462, 465 Alvesson, Mats 67–8 and modernization/urbanization AMC Theatres 116, 118, 121 452–3, 454

533

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and ‘new tradition’ 453, 454, 456–7, BFA (Beijing Film Academy) 227, 228, 464, 465 238, 239 traditional 452–4, 455, 456, 458–9, BFM (Beijing Film Market) 493 460, 463–5 Bi Shumin 319–20 Western influence on 453–5, 456, biantong 34 459–60, 463 BiFF (Beijing Independent Film Architecture and Culture 462 Festival) 496, 497–8 Arnold, Michael 441 bifurcation of television industry 362–5 art education 519–22 Big Data 175–6, 178 art management talent 168, 169–70 ‘Big IP (Intellectual Properties)’ models art museums 167, 169–70, 172, 497, 388–9 521 ‘big roof debate’ 455–6 Arthur, Timothy Shay 323 Bilton, Chris 289 Assembly 232–3 BJIFF (Beijing International Film Atkin, David 392 Festival) 485, 492–4, 501 audience participation (in cultural Blackwell, Roger 413 facilities) 173–4 Blind Massage 238–9, 241 AvatarWorks 52 Blit-Cohen, Edith 433 Blue Books 15–16, 21–3, 24, 29, 47, ‘Baby Boomers’ 66 99–101, 106, 110, 494, 496 Bai Yansong 320 BlueFocus Communication Group 125 Baidu 307, 333, 343, 351, 353, 374, Boden, Margaret 33 388, 389, 402 book-burning 35–6 Baker, Sarah 71 ‘born digital’ copyright industries 335, Bal, Mieke 68–9 339 balinghou cohort 66–7, 72, 73, 74–6, Bosker, Bianca 91, 92 77–8 Bourdieu, Pierre 320–21 Bank of China 120 Bowen, Will 316 Barmé, Geremie 22 Boxer Rebellion 37 BAT companies (Baidu, Alibaba, Boyd, Robert 32 Tencent) 334, 367 Brady, Anne-Marie 191, 194, 195 Bathelt, Harald 507 British Council 168 Bauman, Zygmunt 476, 481 Buckingham, Will 34 BBSs (bulletin board systems) 435, 439 Buddha Mountain 238 Becker, Howard 476 Buddhism 38, 39 Beijing Bank 135 Bulag, Uradyn E. 83 Beijing Institute of Clothing Bumming in Beijing 247 Technology 149 ‘business gurus’ 322–3 Beijing Olympics (2008) 67, 195, 200, ‘buttons phenomenon’ 132 293 Byrne, Rhonda 312, 314, 316 Beijing Queer Film Festival 495 Beijing Traffic Radio 262–6, 270 CADREG (Chinese Architecture, Bell, Daniel A. 318 Design & Research Group) 82, Benkler, Yochai 204 89–90 Ben-Shahar, Tal 314 Cai Wu 7 Berman, Steven L. 66, 67 Caixin 202 Bernstein, William 1 Campanella, John 324 Betweenness Centrality Index (BCI) capitalism 1, 5–7, 18, 21, 40, 59, 269, 512 311, 312, 315, 339–40, 361 Bewsell, Glenn 423 see also market economy

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Car Club 265 Central Leadership Small Group on car industry/car ownership 261–2, Propaganda and Ideological Work 263–6 194 Car World 263–5 Central Publicity Department (CPD) Carnegie, Dale 311 248 CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) CEPA (Closer Economic Partnership 125 Agreement) 207, 208, 212–20, CCIC (Cultural and Creative Industry 221–2 Clusters) 497, 498 CFG (China Film Group) 197, 212, CCTV (China Central Television) 214, 221, 231, 487, 490–91, 493 and advertising revenue 370–72 CFGC (China Film Group and animation industry 277, 279, Corporation) 197, 487, 490–91, 281, 282, 284 493 and bifurcation of television CFPC (China Film Pitch and Catch) industry 363, 364 491 and CCP propaganda 193 Cha Sung–jae 231 and college student innovation Chai Jing 247 contests 48 Chaihuo Makerspace (Shenzhen) 44, and commercialization of television 46, 61 industry 367, 368–9, 370–71 Chan, Jackie 124, 222, 230 and copyright infringements 342 Chan, Jaycee 231 and documentaries 245, 251, 253–4, Chan, Roger 508–9 255, 256 Chang, Sunny 293, 300, 307 formation of 193 Chang Yoon-hyun 231 Global New Prominent Award 172–3 Changchun International Film Festival and media regulation 197, 198 484, 486–7, 489 and music industry 301, 303, 306, ‘change-makers’ 45, 52–60 307 characteristic cultural industries 144–6, overseas establishment 8, 138 147 and propaganda 317 Chen Weiming 231 protection from market forces 6 Cheng, Chunli 250 Spring Festival Gala 369, 371, 396, Cheng, Chung-ying 34 399–400, 408 Cheng, Min 66, 67 CDRC (Chinese Documentary Cheung, Ruby 491 Research Centre) 249, 250–51 Chicago China Tour 170 censorship Chi-Kin, Derek Kwok 234 and animation industry 282–4, ‘China code’ 29, 39–40 289–90 ‘China complex’ 209 and copyright 340, 341, 344, 345, China Documentary Film Festival 496 350 China Film Festival 486 and digital publishing industry 377, China Media Capital 202, 277 382, 384, 390, 391–2 China Mobile 303, 382–3, 387–8, 389, and film festivals 485, 495–6, 501 398 and film industry 208, 209, 214, 221, China Mobile Reading Base 387 236–7, 238 China National Garment Association and industrialization of art 523 471–2 and media regulation 189, 190, 192, China National Radio 260–61 197–8, 202–3, 204 China Unicom 303, 382–3, 398, 403 and music industry 294, 299, 300 China, Dashi 253 and publishing industry 317 China’s Mega Projects 248, 255

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Chinese Academy of Social Science coexistence of shortages and excess 110 (CASS) 17 ‘cohort effect’ 70 ‘Chinese characteristics’ 18, 28, 140, cohorts 66 477 Cold Eyes 211 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Cold War 215, 218 and architectural identity 455–6, collaborative culture 39 463–5 college entrance exams 43 and Blue Books 22 Collins, Randall 100 and dao 31 combinational creativity 33–4 and development of cultural commercialization/marketization industries 105, 107, 109, 114 of architecture 456–8 and digitalization policies 333 of documentaries 246, 247, 250–57 and ‘going global’ 118 increased 183 and importance of cultural of music industry 294, 295–6, 298, industries 485, 487–8 301–7 and industrialization of art 523 of publishing industry 317–19, and legitimization of cultural 322–3, 340–41, 378 industries 7 of radio 259–60, 262–3, 265–6, and media regulation 189–90, 191–2, 267–8 195–204 of television industry 341, 360–61, and propaganda 190, 191, 192–5, 365–74 197–8, 200, 201 commodity fetishism 5 and radio broadcasting 270, 272 complexity of cultural industries and self-help industry 311, 317, 109–10, 111–12 321–2 Confucianism 1, 31, 35, 37, 44, 190, and ‘strong cultural power’ strategy 311, 315, 318–19, 459, 508 8 Confucius from the Heart 311–12, and television industry 360–61, 363, 318–19 366–7, 373 Confucius Institutes 27, 201 see also government policy ‘connected viewing’ 396, 397, 399, ‘Chinese Dream’ 27–8, 39–40, 187, 191, 404–9 230, 286–7, 324, 529 Connection Frequency Index 513 ‘Chineseness’ (in architecture) 453–4, Consumer Protection Law 415, 416–17, 456–7, 463, 464, 465 421, 425 Chong, Xiaoli 391 consumer trust 412, 414–16, 419, 423, Choo Ja-hyun 231 424–5, 478 Chow, Stephen 209, 222, 234 content providers (digital publishing Christensen, Clayton 386 industry) 381–2 Chun Yi: The Legend of Kung-fu 135 Convention for the Safeguarding of Cinnovate 53–5, 57–8, 59 Intangible Cultural Heritage ‘Circular on Strengthening the (UNESCO) 153, 159 Construction and Management of Convention on the Protection and Cable Networks’ 362 Promotion of the Diversity of ‘Cleaning Up the Web’ campaign 392 Cultural Expressions (UNESCO) Client Network Index 514, 515 143 client networks 512–13 convergence (in music industry) 294, cloud storage 175, 178, 295, 333, 352, 296, 298, 301–3, 305 365, 366, 369, 387, 412, 424, 468 Cool Me, Real Voice 406–7 CNNIC (China Internet Network copycat phenomenon 49–50, 280 Information Center) 380, 398, 433 copyrights/copyright industries

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‘born digital’ copyright industries Guangdong Industrial Design City 335, 339 506, 509–16 business model innovation 345–54, and industrialization of art 519–20, 355 522–4, 527, 529 and censorship 340, 341, 344, 345, and innovation 448, 507, 509, 350 511–13, 514–16 and commercialization 340–41 ‘knowledge gatekeepers’ in 506, 507, and development of cultural 516 industries 113 and micro/small scale companies and digitalization 339, 343, 345–56 524–6, 529 and digital publishing industry and music industry 297 388–9 ‘relational approach’ to economic and e-book publishing 345–6, 355 geography 506–9, 516 emergence of China’s copyright and Shanghai’s Republican period industries 339, 340–42 519–22, 529 and ‘going global’ 124, 131, 132, Creative Economy Report 2013 (United 133 Nations) 151 and government policy 339, 340–42, ‘creative education’ 43, 49, 60 343–4, 349–50, 355 Creative Power Entertainment and intellectual property 340, 341–2, Corporation 285, 287 343, 355 ‘creative’ definitions/terminologies 2–4, and market economy 339–41 33–5, 68–9, 70–71, 77–8, 88–9 and music industry 295, 304, 341, Cremin, Stephen 492 342, 352–4, 355 CRI (China Radio International) 138 and online video platforms 346–52, Critical Theory: Selected Essays 17 355, 397, 401, 407 ‘crowd-funding’/‘crowd-sourcing’ 29, and unauthorized distribution 40, 46, 252, 345, 423, 440 341–4, 347–8, 351–2, 353 Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly 69–70, 73 core cultural products and services 131 Cui Jian 293, 305, 307 ‘corporate communism’ 22 Cui Shaoyuan 17 corporate social responsibility (CSR) ‘cult of creativity’ 68 53, 55, 58 cultural consumption 110, 111, Couldry, Nick 296 112–13, 160, 168, 176, 178, 186, counterfeit goods 414–16, 419–22, 392, 523 425–6, 428, 478–9 cultural content deficiencies 168 ‘created in China’ brands 47, 132, 297, cultural diversity 2, 165, 523–4, 526, 470, 471, 473 527–9 ‘creative citizens’ 52–3 cultural facilities creative/cultural clusters art management talent deficiencies actor networks within 510–14 168, 169–70 ‘artificially’ produced 89 and Big Data 175–6, 178 and cultural diversity 523–4, 526, business model innovation 174–5 527–9 constructing 167–9 and cultural facilities 167, 168, 169 digital transformation of 172–4, and genesis of cultural industries 7, 175–9 8–9 funding 171–2 emergence of/increase in numbers and government policy 167–9, 170, 47, 331, 448, 506, 523–4, 527 171 and film festivals 485, 489, 493, 494, and innovation 172–3, 175–8 496–8 international collaboration 168, 169

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management of 171–2 Derivation Network Index 513 and new media/social media 173–4 Design Institutes 457–8, 460, 462, 465 cultural heritage 146–50, 153–4, 159, development of cultural industries 164–5, 172 105–15 Cultural Industries Division (of ‘Development Plan on the Animation Ministry of Culture) 6 Industry During “The 10th Five”’ Cultural Industry Promotion Plan 7 280 Cultural Industry Rejuvenation Plan DI (digital intermediary) 234, 235–9, 118 240, 241 Cultural Industry Revitalization Plan ‘diaosi generation’ 377, 379, 389–92 130 ‘digital activism’ 389, 391–2 cultural public service 260–61, 262, digital aggregators (digital publishing 265, 266–71, 272 industry) 384–5 cultural resources 4, 120, 121–5, 144–8, ‘digital enlightenment’ 389–90, 393 164–5, 175–6, 178 Digital Idea 234 Cultural Revolution 37, 191, 279, 311, ‘digital makeup’ 69 432, 439, 456, 459, 465 digital publishing industry cultural services trade deficit 122–4 app-based distributors 383–4 ‘cultural violence’ 17 business innovations in 386–9 ‘cultural’ definitions/terminologies 2–4, and censorship 377, 382, 384, 390, 6, 16–17, 31–3, 413 391–2 ‘cultural-contamination’ 18–19 content providers 381–2 curatorship courses 170 and copyright 388–9 Curtin, Michael 211 and ‘diaosi generation’ 377, 379, 389–92 Dadi Digital Cinema Corporation 213 digital aggregators 384–5 Dang Dang 384, 388 evolution of 377–9 dao 31, 34 government policy/regulation 377–8, Daoism 31, 38, 39 381, 386, 389, 390–93 Davis, Darrel William 207, 209 hardware manufacturers 385–6 de Kloet, Jeroen 298, 300 and intellectual property 388–9 Decision of the CCP Central Internet retailers 384 Committee on Major Issues major players 381–6 Concerning the Deepening Reform and mobile Internet 377, 379, 109 380–93 Deepening the Reform of the Cultural networking sites 386 System 130 technology providers 385 ‘degree centrality’ index 511 telecommunication companies 382–3 Deng Xiaoping digitalization and ‘Chinese characteristics’ 28 and apps 332, 367, 369, 382–4, and creative clusters 448, 527 403–4, 405–6, 407–9 and documentaries 246 and connected society 333–5 and emergence of copyright and copyright 339, 343, 345–56 industries 339, 340 and cultural facilities 172–4, 175–9 and evolution of cultural control 191 and e-commerce 333–4, 412 and life advice 311, 315 and fashion industry 476, 479–81 and one child policy 332 and film festivals 495 ‘southern tour’ of 6, 21, 487 and generational difference 64–6, and television industry 192 71–3, 75–8, 431, 433 Deng Ziqi, G.E.M. 294–5, 304, 305–7 and government regulation 331, 333

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impact on ‘traditional’ sectors 183 ‘dual identity’ of television 360, 362–5 and intellectual property 333 Duan Jinchuan 247 and mass media regulation 201–4 Duokan 387 mobile Internet see mobile Internet DV (digital video) formats 495 and music industry 294, 295–6, 298, DWA (DreamWorks Animation) 277 303, 305–7, 352–4 Dynamic Yunnan 156, 157 and ‘new leap forward’ 332–3 and performance capture 69 Eason Chan 293 and publishing industry see digital East Asian Screen Industries 209 publishing industry e-book publishing 343, 345–6, 355, social media 173–4, 202–4, 306–7, 378, 381, 383–8, 392 368–9, 373, 386, 399 e-commerce and television industry 360, 365–9, consumer-oriented e-commerce 373–4 culture 424–7 and ‘upgrading’ 331, 332 and consumer trust 412, 414–16, Ding Taisheng 302–3 419, 423, 424–5 Disney/Pixar 29–30, 32 and copyright 345 ‘disruptive innovation’ 386–7, 389 and counterfeit goods 414–16, DIT (digital information technology) 419–22, 425–6, 428 106–7 and digitalization 333–4, 412 Do Seong-hi 227 e-commerce consumer protection DOChina festival 497–8 418–24 Docter, Pete 30 electronic payment security 418, 419, documentaries 426 commercialization of 246, 247, and globalization 424–5 250–57 and government regulation 412, and ‘crowd-funding’/‘crowd- 416–17, 425 sourcing’ 252 and intellectual property 421–2, 426 and film festivals 496, 497, 499, 500 online dispute resolution 418, 422–4 and ‘going global’ 249, 256 product quality assurance 418, and government policy 246, 248–9, 419–22, 425 250–51, 253, 254, 255, 256 rise of e-commerce marketplace history/evolution of 246–8 413–14 independent 247, 252–3, 256, 499 self-regulated consumer protection ‘mainstream government-sanctioned’ 418–24, 427, 428 246, 253 education 43, 44, 45, 48–9, 59–60, and propaganda 245, 252–4 315–16, 320, 447–8, 519–22 semi-independent 246–7 see also universities and ‘soft power’ strategy 247, 248, elaboration (Csikszentmihalyi’s five– 251, 254, 255, 256 phase model) 70 and tourism 254 elderly Internet consumers 431–42 Dodd, Patrick 345 electronic payment security (e– Dolby, Sandra 313 commerce marketplace) 418, 419, dongman industry 278 426 Dormer, Peter 76 Electronic Signature Law 416–17 Double Xposure 236–7, 238, 241 emotional intelligence 316, 318 Down to the Countryside Movement employment/unemployment 54, 58–9, 432 117, 145, 164, 213, 473, 507, 526 Dr. Agriculture Online 270–71 Enactus China 45, 53, 55–7, 58, 59 Dragon TV 368, 439 Engel coefficient 105–6

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and ‘going global’ 131, 134, 136–7, Frampton, Kenneth 462 138–9, 226 Frankenstein 177 and guanxi networks 227–35, 239 Frankfurt School 5, 6, 16, 17, 19, 20, in Hong Kong 23, 24 alternative filmmaking 220–22 Franklin, Benjamin 313 and Asian regionalization 208–12 Freeman, Linton 512 and Closer Economic Partnership Frozen 276 Agreement 207, 208, 212–20, Fu Wenxia 233 221–2 Fung, Anthony 294 co-production with mainland 207, 209, 212–20 ‘Gangnam Style’ 295 labour migration to the mainland Gates, Bill 319 214–15, 221 GDP (gross domestic product) 5, 331 marginalization of 207–8 ‘gear change’ 109 Sinicization in regional ‘Generation X’ 66 filmmaking 207–8, 209–10, generational difference 64–7, 69, 70, 222 71–8, 431, 433 internationalization of 226–7 genesis of cultural industries 5–9 Korean film industry collaboration Genghis Khan Square 85 226–42 GIDC (Guangdong Industrial Design special effects/digital intermediary City) 506, 509–16 235–9, 240, 241 Global New Prominent Award 172–3 and transnational exchange 226 globalization fiscal decentralization 83 and absorption of foreign ideas 4 Fiske, John 18, 19 and China’s global image 4 Five Year Plans and cultural exports 27 5th (1976–1980) 105 and development of cultural 10th (2001–2005) 6, 47, 107–8, 141 industries 106–7 11th (2006–2010) 107, 108–9, 130, and e-commerce 424–5 135, 448, 527 and ethnic cultural industries 143, 12th (2011–2015) 7, 8, 38, 107, 109, 154, 164, 165–6 145, 333, 472–3 and fashion industry 468–9, 471–2, 13th (2016–2020) 112–15, 151 474–6, 480–81 five-phase model of creative work internationalization of global film (Csikszentmihalyi) 69–70, 73 industry 226–7 Flag 253 and self-help industry 311–12, Flaubert, Gustave 179 313–14, 317, 323 Florida, Richard 28, 523 see also ‘going global’/‘going out’ Fløysand, Arnt 506–7 ‘glocal’ self-help industry 314–16, 319, ‘Folk Memory Project’ 252 323 foreign agencies 134–5 Glücker, Johannes 507 foreign direct investment (FDI) 116, ‘going global’/‘going out’ 121, 135, 139, 317 animation industry 136, 140–41, foreign exchange reserves 120 277–8, 287–8 ‘foreign experts’ 22, 100, 101 attractiveness of Chinese culture foreign media 137–8, 189, 200 118–20, 127–8 Forestt Studios 235–6, 237–9, 240 benefits of 116–17 Forever Love in Lijiang 158 challenges to 121–5, 132–6 Founder 387 copyrights/copyright industry 124, Four Modernizations 246 131, 132, 133

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core cultural products and services and digitalization 331, 333 131 and digital publishing industry and cultural facilities 168, 169 377–8, 381, 386, 389, 390–93 cultural services trade deficit 122–4 and documentaries 246, 248–9, and documentaries 245, 249, 256 250–51, 253, 254, 255, 256 and film festivals 489, 490–92, 493 and e-commerce 412, 416–17, 425 and film industry 131, 134, 136–7, and ethnic cultural industries 144–8, 138–9, 226 150–51, 155–6, 159–61, 165 and foreign direct investment 116, evolution of cultural control 190–92 121, 135, 139 ‘face-projects’ 81–2, 86–8 and government policy 116, 118, and fashion industry 470, 471–4 126–7, 129–30, 132, 135–41 and film festivals 484–90, 492, 494, and innovation 118, 121–2, 125–6 495–6, 500–501 and international brands/branding fiscal decentralization 83 124, 127, 132 Five Year Plans see Five Year Plans narrow export channels 134–5 and ‘going global’ 116, 118, 126–7, performing arts industry 131, 133–4, 129–30, 132, 135–41 135, 139–40 and industrialization of art 523, 527, related cultural products and services 528, 529 131 and innovation 43, 44–5, 47–9, 59, suggestions to cultural enterprises 60 125–8 Internet+ initiative 333, 360, 366, and talent 135–6 374, 393, 412 targeting overseas Chinese 124, mobile and social viewing 127–8 restrictions 401 television/broadcasting industries ‘mobile policies’ 86, 93–4 119, 124, 137–8 and music industry 294, 297–300 see also exports, cultural new district development 84–6 Golden Horse Film Awards 484 one-child policy 66, 332, 337, 431, Goleman, Daniel 316 432, 480 Gong Yu 401 ‘one place, one product’ strategy Gordon, Dennie 236 102, 144 Gorfinkel, Lauren 286 and radio broadcasting 259, 260, Government Agency of Print and 265, 266–7, 269–70, 271–2 Publication (GAPP) 195, 197 reform and opening up 105, 127, Government Performance Projects 114 150, 155, 300, 456 government policy/regulation regulation of media 183–4, 189–90, and animation industry 277–8, 191–2, 195–204 280–87, 288, 289–90 ‘soft power’ strategy see ‘soft power’ and architectural identity 455–6, strategy 463–5 ‘strong cultural power’ strategy 8, 15, and Closer Economic Partnership 21, 24, 27, 38, 100, 167, 396, Agreement 212–15, 220, 221, 447 222 and television industry 360–63, 364, and copyright industries 339, 366–7, 373 340–42, 343–4, 349–50, 355 think tanks 7, 16, 20, 24, 39, 99, and ‘cult of creativity’ 68 100–101, 331, 333 cultural facilities 167–9, 170, 171 ‘upgrading’ policies 21, 81, 82, 86, and development of cultural 87, 100, 113, 117, 146, 172, 331, industries 105, 107–9, 110–15 332, 333

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urban transformation 83–4, 87–8, Harvey, David 87 90–92, 93 HBS (Hunan Broadcasting System) ‘visible hand’ of government 99, 111, 137, 193, 365, 367 171 He, E. 89 see also Chinese Communist Party He, Hilary Hongjin 208 Granovetter, Mark 507, 511 ‘healthy’ circulatory system 38 Great Leap of Broadcasting Work Hesmondhalgh, David 16–17, 68, 71 192 ‘high culture fever’ 18, 23 GreatDreams Cartoon Media Hitch-hiking to Berlin 255 Company 284, 287 Hjorth, Larissa 441 Grierson, John 245 HKIFF (Hong Kong International Groenewegen-Lau, Jeroen 299 Film Festival) 484, 485, 486 Grounded Theory 65 Ho, Denise 302 Gu Daqing 459–60 Ho, Elaine 494–5 Gu, Xin 288, 489–90 Hobsbawm and Ranger, Eric 477, Gu Yongqiang 401–2 478 Guangdong Advertising Group 125 Hole, Max 353 Guangdong Alpha Animation and Hollywood 4, 5, 124, 208, 218, 361, Culture 287 508 Guangdong People’s Radio 259 Hong Kong film industry Guangxi Documentary Film Festival alternative filmmaking 220–22 500 and Asian regionalization 208–12 guanxi (personal networks) 9, 227–35, and Closer Economic Partnership 239, 441 Agreement 207, 208, 212–20, ‘Guidelines on Promoting the 221–2 Prosperous Development of co-production with mainland 207, Movie Industry’ 492 209, 212–20 ‘Guiding Opinions about Integrated labour migration to the mainland Development of Traditional and 214–15, 221 New Media’ 366 marginalization of 207–8 Guiding Opinions on the Promotion of Sinicization in regional filmmaking Development of Characteristic 207–8, 209–10, 222 Cultural Industries 144 Hong Kong music industry 300–302, Guo Bo 302–3 304, 305, 306, 307 Guo Jing 499 Hopkins, Emma Curtis 312 Guo Pei 473 Horkheimer, Max 5, 17, 18, 20 Guo Xiaoling 167 How to Win Friends and Influence People 311 Hall, David 39 Hsing, You-tian 82, 86–7 handwork 71–3, 75–6, 78 HSTV (Hunan Satellite TV) 293, 297, Hangzhou TV 252 304, 367–8, 400–401, 407–8 Hansen, Chad 31 Hu Ge 52 Hao Qiu 469, 478 Hu Jie 247 Happy Sunshine Entertainment Hu Jintao 47, 48, 118, 194, 461, 485 367–8 Hua Li 459 hardware manufacturers (digital Huang Changyong 172 publishing industry) 385–6 Huashu Digital Television Media ‘harmonious society’ 29, 33, 200, 252, Group 252 285–6, 307, 331, 475, 478 Huayi Brothers 121, 125, 232, 364 Hartley, John 52 Hur Jin-ho 231

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I am a singer 293, 294, 298, 305–6 ‘Integrated Project for Inheritance ICT (Information Communication & Development of Traditional Technology) 53–4 Handicraft Culture in Linzhi’ Idol 294 148–9 ‘imagined communities’ 28 intellectual property (IP) 279, 333, 340, Implementation Plan for Deepening 341–2, 343, 355, 388–9, 421–2, Reform of the Cultural System 426, 508 118 intensive consumption 106 Implementation Rules for the international brands/branding 124, Administration of Commercial 127, 132 Performance 139 International Financing Limited In Expectation 229 Corporation 120 ‘inclusive policies’ 114 International Friendship Park incubation (Csikszentmihalyi’s five- (Kangbashi) 80, 89–90, 92 phase model) 70, 73 International Intellectual Property independent documentary 247, 252–3, Alliance 343 256, 499 Internet independent film festivals 494–500, and altering the ‘China code’ 29, 501 39–40 Industrial Design Enterprise and animation industry 288 Innovation Index 514 and bifurcation of television ‘industrialized’ art 519–20, 522–4, 527, industry 363–4 529 and cloud storage 175, 178, 333, 352, ‘industry’ definitions/terminologies 365, 366, 369, 387, 412, 424, 468 2–4, 6, 16–17 and collaborative culture 39 ‘inexhaustible creativity’ 38, 39–40 and commercialization of television innovation industry 365–9 and architectural mimicry 91–2 and consumer trust 412, 414–16, copycat phenomenon 49–50 419, 423, 424–5 and creative clusters 448, 507, 509, and consumer-oriented e-commerce 511–13, 514–16 culture 424–7 and cultural facilities 172–3, 175–8 and cultural facilities 173–4, 175–6, and development of cultural 178–9 industries 106 and digitalization of music industry in digital publishing industry 386–9 295–6, 298, 303, 305–7 and education 43, 44, 45, 48–9, and documentaries 252, 256 59–60 and elderly people 431–42 and ‘going global’ 118, 121–2, 125–6 and fashion industry 479–81 and government policy 43, 44–5, and generational difference 64–6, 69, 47–9, 59, 60 71–3, 75–8 and ‘makers’/‘makerspaces’ 44, 45, government regulation of 334–5 46–7, 48–9, 50, 52–60 growth in users numbers 332 and NGOs 45, 54–5, 57–8 impact of digitalization 64–6, 71–3, and R&D 43, 47 75–8, 295, 331 startups 50–52 and Maker Movement 46 and youth activism 57, 58 and mass media regulation 201–4 input-output model 29 mobile Internet see mobile Internet Inside Out 29–30 and modernization of Chinese insight (Csikszentmihalyi’s five-phase culture 1 model) 70 and multiple/changing identities 36

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online video platforms 346–52, 355, Kang Je-gyu 232, 233 396–7, 398, 401–9 Kangba is Blessed 254 and piracy 343, 347–8, 351–2 Kangbashi 80, 84–6, 89–90, 92 and radio broadcasting 270–71 Kärreman, Dan 67–8 rise of e-commerce marketplace Keane, Michael 52, 60, 68, 362, 373, 413–14 374, 397, 473, 489, 498, 509, 529 and social capital 431–4, 438, 439–41 Kessler, Aaron 426 social media 173–4, 202–4, 306–7, key animation businesses/products 368–9, 373, 386, 399 281–2 and startups 50–52 Kim Hee-sun 230–31 and strong-tie networks 432, 434, Kim Jeong-jung 227 437, 439 Kim Pil-jeong 227 and weak-tie networks 434, 437–9 Kim So-yeon 230 and youth activism 57 Kim Sung–soo 231–2 Internet + initiative 333, 360, 366, 374, Kim Ui-seok 229 393, 412 Kim Young-jun 231 ‘Internet of Everything’ 175, 178–9 Kin Chilau 317 Internet retailers (digital publishing Kindle 384, 385, 388 industry) 384 Kipnis, Andrew 88 iQiyi 351, 401, 402–3, 406 KMT (Nationalist Party) 190 ISBNs (International Standard Book ‘knowledge gatekeepers’ 506, 507, 516 Numbers) 345 KOFIC (Korean Film Council) 229, iTunes 427 233 Iwabuchi, Koichi 211 Korean film industry 226–42 Krätke, Stefan 512 Jackson, Peter 69 Kraus, Richard 526 Jacobs, Jane 524, 526 kun 34–5 Jakobsen, Stig-Erik 506–7 Kung Fu Panda 3 277 Jang Na-ra 231 Jenkins, Henry 296, 397 Landsberger, Stefan 298 Jia Zhangke 227 Latent 348 Jiang Danshu 520–21 Lau, Andy 222 Jiang Jun 37 ‘leading scholars’ 100 Jiang Zemin 191, 527 Lecture Room 318, 319 Jin Yuanpu 18, 19–20 Lee Yong-gi 234 jiulinghou cohort 66, 73 Lei Feng 191 Johnson, Jeffrey 167 Lenin/Leninism 190–91, 193, 246 Johnson, Kyle 255 Leonard, Lori 419 Johnson, Spencer 316, 318 Let Feng Jenghu Go Home 299 Jones, Kiku 419 Leung, Yuk 209 journalism 183–4, 191, 202, 320–21, Lewis Turning Point 332 390 LFF (Li Xianting Film Fund) 497 ‘Journey to the West’ (Car Club Li Changchun 194 tourism event) 265 Li, David 49 Journey to the West (film) 215, 216, Li Fang 238 234–5 Li Hongzhi 321 Journey to the West (novel) 279, 289 Li, Jet 54, 124 Li Kaifu 315–16, 323 KAFA (Korean Film Academy) Li Keqiang 44–5, 47, 48, 52, 59, 170, 229–30 333, 366, 398, 412

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Li Ruigang 364 ‘makers’/‘makerspaces’ 44, 45, 46–7, Li, Wuwei 52 48–9, 50, 52–60 Li Xianting 496, 497, 498 Ma Masha 468–9, 474, 475, 476, 478, Li Yu 236, 237–8 480 Li Yuchun 298 ‘managed creativity’ 288–90 Li Zehou 31, 40 ‘Management Regulations of Creative Li Zhuohui 301–2, 303 Industry Clusters in Shanghai’ Liang Sicheng 455, 460, 461 527–8 Liboriussen, Bjarke 447 Mango TV 367–8 Lijiang 156, 157, 158, 163, 165 Mannheim, Kurt 66, 70 Lin Huiyin 455 Mao Zedong/Mao era 1, 31, 32, 184, Lin Jihua 149 191, 246, 259, 265, 448, 463, 465 Lin, Nan 432 market economy Lindtner, Silvia 49–50 and ‘Chinese characteristics’ 28 linglinghou cohort 66 commercialization of architecture liulinghou cohort 66 456–8 ‘linking social capital’ 434, 439–41 commercialization of documentaries Linzhi 148–50 246, 247, 250–57 ‘little mermaid’ 81, 92, 93, 94 commercialization of music industry Litwin, Howard 433 294, 295–6, 298, 301–7 Liu Haisu 521 commercialization of publishing Liu Jiliang 18 industry 317–19, 322–3, 341, Liu Qibao 194 378 Liu Ruoying 305 commercialization of radio 259–60, Liu, Shifa 52 262–3, 265–6, 267–8 Liu Shu-hsien 39 commercialization of television Liu Wen 256 industry 341, 360–61, 365–74 Liu Xiaobo 318 and copyright 339–41 Liu Yong 315 and Deng’s ‘southern tour’ 6, 21 Liu Yunshan 194, 333 and development of cultural live theatre broadcasting 176–8 industries 112–15 Lloyd, Geoffrey 30–31, 100 and ethnic cultural industries ‘lobalization’ 478–9 150–51, 164–5 local cultural consumption 168 and ‘going global’ 127, 132–4 localization 144–6 and self-help industry 311–12 Lollol Media 234, 240 ‘market failure’ 171 Lotz, Amanda 365 Marx, Karl/Marxism 1, 5, 17, 31, Lou Ye 238–9 193 Lü Fengzi 521 Marxist-Leninist Mao Zedong Thought 31 M+ museum 168–9 mass media McGee, Micki 313 and censorship 189, 190, 192, 197–8, McQueen, Alexander 469 202–3, 204 ‘made in China’ brands 6, 47, 132, 297, ‘cultural governance’ of 189–90, 331, 468, 470–71, 473, 481 191–2, 194–204 ‘mainstream government-sanctioned government regulation 183–4, documentary’ 246, 253 189–90, 191–2, 195–204 ‘make it new’ slogan 35–6 impact of digitalization 201–4 Maker Movement 46 international comparisons of media Ma Ke 473 corporations 125, 126

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and propaganda 189, 190, 191, ‘mobile policies’ 86, 93–4 192–5, 197–8, 200, 201 Modern Sky 299, 300, 302–3, 304 and public opinion 189, 199–201 Mojiang 163 ‘soft power’ controls 189, 199–201, Money 253 202, 203 Monkey King Hero is Back 289–90 Ma Weidu 171–2 Mou, Yi 392 Ma Yansong 459 MPAA (Motion Pictures Association Ma Yueling 320 of America) 7 Ma Yun 323 Murphy, Henry K. 455 Maxpace 46 museums 167, 168–70, 171–2, 173–4, Mayday 301, 302 497, 521 Mayer, Roger 414 music industry Meng, Bingchun 298 and censorship 294, 299, 300 ‘mermaid’s travelogue’ 81, 93–4 commercialization of 294, 295–6, Met HD Live 176–7 298, 301–7, 341 ‘Methods to recommend excellent and copyright 341, 342, 352–4, 355 domestic animation’ 283 and government policy/regulation Metropolitan Culture Audit Center 294, 297–300 (MCAC) 172 impact of digitalization 294, 295–6, Metropolitan Opera House (New 298, 303, 305–7, 352–4 York) 176–7 market and industry convergence ‘micro films’ 74 294, 296, 298, 301–3, 305 micro/small scale companies 524–6, 529 music festivals 298–300 Migu Music 303 and piracy 295–6, 298, 300 Ministry of Culture (MOC) 3, 6, and reality/talent shows 293–4, 130, 140, 144, 147–8, 184, 197, 297–8, 303, 304, 305–7 200–201, 221, 248, 281 regionalization of 300–303 Ministry of Industry and Information transformation of 293–7 Technology (MIIT) 398, 470 Music Parks 297 Ministry of Information Industries MyIdol 51–2 (MII) 195–7 Ministry of Science and Technology Na Ying 301 (MOST) 47 National Animation Industry Bases Miserable Faith 299 281, 282 ‘Miss Dong’ 304 National Computing and Networking Miyake, Issey 473 Facility 413 mobile Internet ‘national cultural security’ 7, 8 and apps 332, 367, 369, 382–4, National Theatre (London) 175, 177 403–4, 405–6, 407–9 nature 30–31 and ‘connected viewing’ 396, 397, Naxi Ancient Music Performance 156, 399, 404–9 165 and digital publishing industry 377, neoliberalism 3, 5, 21, 24, 99, 313 379, 380–93 networking sites (digital publishing industry collaborations 402–3 industry) 386 and online video platforms 396–7, New Culture Movement 1, 44–5 398, 401–9 new district development 84–6 rise of mobile and social viewing New Documentary Movement 246–7 396–7, 398–400 New Labour (UK) 3, 68 socialisation of screen content New Left 6, 9, 16, 17, 20–21 405–7, 409 new media 173–4

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‘new normal’ 113 online video platforms 346–52, 355, New Thought school 312 396–7, 398, 401–9 ‘new towns’ 85 Only Creative Park 525 ‘new tradition’ (in architecture) 453, Opinions on Promoting the 454, 456–7, 464, 465 Development of Cultural,Creative NGO2.0 (non-profit organization) 57 and Design Services 113 NGOs (non-governmental order/disorder 36–9 organizations) 45, 54–5, 57–8, Ordos Municipality 80, 81, 82–6, 87–8, 499 89–90, 92, 93 Ning Hao 235 Oriental Dreamworks 277 Ningbo 15, 21–3 orientalism 469 NIS (national innovation systems) 106 Overheard 208 Nørgaard, Bjørn 80, 89–90, 92 North, Michael 36 Palace 348 ‘Nothing to My Name’ 293, 307 Park, Chloe 227 Notice Regarding Promotion of Park, Ethan 235–6, 237–40, 241 Commercial Cultural Product ‘Participatory Visual Education’ 499, Exports in Performance & 500 Exhibition 140 Peacock dance 157, 159 Notice Regarding Tax Policies Peale, Norman Vincent 311 Supporting the Development of the Pearl River Economic Radio 259 Animation Industry 141 Peng Liyuan 473 ‘Notice relating to the People’s Commune Movement 432 implementation of the domestic Peranson, Mark 491 TV animation distribution permit performance capture 69 system’ 283 performing arts 131, 133–4, 135, Novelty, A History of the New 36 139–40, 169, 170, 176–8 NPC (National People’s Congress) 108, Peterson, Richard 477–8 416, 488 Peto, Ed 354 NT Live 175 ‘pillar industries’ 2–3, 4, 7–8, 108–9, Nye, Joseph 201 130, 151 piracy 295–6, 298, 300, 342–4, 347–8, O’Connor, Justin 288, 489–90 351–2 OECD (Organisation for Economic ‘Plan 2011’ 48 Co-operation and Development) ‘Plan for the Reinvigoration of the 106 Cultural Industry’ 492 OEM (original equipment planned economy 59, 110, 183–4, 340 manufacture) 132, 448 Pleasant Goat and Grey Wolf 284, OldKids 431, 434–42 285–6, 287, 289 ‘old streets’ 456–7, 464 Polanyi, Michael 477 one-child policy 66, 332, 337, 431, 432, Policies on Encouraging and Supporting 480 the Production and Export of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ Cultural Products 130 framework 212 Pope, Rob 36 One Foundation 54 popular culture 18–19, 37, 210–11, 214, One Hundred Years of Solitude 341 256, 311, 320, 322, 323, 378, 382, ‘one place, one product’ strategy 102, 476–7 144 Porcelain/China 254 online dispute resolution (e-commerce Portes, Alejandro 438 marketplace) 418, 422–4 positive thinking 312, 316, 318

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Pound, Ezra 36 Qinshi Huangdi, Emperor 35–6 preferential policies 113–14 QQ Reader 383 preparation (Csikszentmihalyi’s five- Qu, Shijing 523 phase model) 70, 73 Prince, Russell 93–4 R&D (research and development) 43, Princess Iron Fan 279 47, 514 product placement 371–2 radio product quality assurance (e-commerce and advertising 5, 260, 262–3, 265, marketplace) 418, 419–22, 425 267–8, 271, 272 production permits 197–8 commercialization of 259–60, 262–3, ‘productive protection’ 147–8 265–6, 267–8 Project Golden Pond 56–7 and cultural public service 260–61, ‘Promoting the Reform of Separating 262, 265, 266–71, 272 Production from Broadcasting’ and ‘going global’ 137–8 363 and government policy 259, 260, propaganda 265, 266–7, 269–70, 271–2 and documentaries 245, 252–4 in Mao era 259, 265 and media regulation 189, 190, 191, rural radio broadcasting 266–71, 272 192–5, 197–8, 200, 201 traffic radio genre 261–6, 272 and publishing industry 317 and urban-rural divide 260–61, 263, and radio broadcasting 259, 270 266–7, 269–70, 271–2 and television industry 192–3, 194–5, Rainbow Cat and Blue Rabbit 284–5, 361, 363 287, 289 Psy 295 Ranger, Terrance 477 Psychologies magazine 316 reality/talent shows 293–4, 297–8, 303, psychotherapy 320 304, 305–7, 370, 372–3, 400–401, public opinion 189, 199–201 405–6 publishing industry Red Collar 468 and censorship 317 reform and opening up 105, 127, 150, commercialization of 317–19, 322, 155, 300, 456 322–3, 341, 378 Regulations on Administration of copyrights see copyrights/copyright Chinese-foreign Cooperative trade Production in TV Serial Drama digital see digital publishing industry 137 e-book publishing 343, 345–6, 355, Regulations on the Administration of 378, 381, 383–8, 392 Film 139 and propaganda 317 related cultural products and services self-help books see self-help industry 131 Pugsley, Peter 209 ‘relational approach’ (to economic Puma 414–15 geography) 506–9, 516 Pusan International Film Festival religion 103, 154, 155, 159–60, 162, (BIFF/PIFF) 228–9, 230, 232 187, 321–2, 324, 464 ‘remedy paradigm’ 16, 23, 99 qian 34–5 Report of the Development of the Qian Guangpei 17–18 Chinese Animation Industry 2013 Qiang Embroidery Help Center 54–5 287 Qidian.com 345–6 Republican period (Shanghai) 519–22, qilinghou cohort 66, 67, 71–4, 75, 76–8 529 Qingdao International Film Festival ‘Restraining Order on Commercials’ 501 370

Michael Keane - 9781782549864 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/27/2021 11:19:46AM via free access 550 Handbook of cultural and creative industries in China retirement age 433 SCIC (Shanghai Creative Industry ‘revitalization’ of cultural industries Centre) 524, 525, 526, 527–8 7, 8 Scientific Research Derivation Rhodes, Susan R. 70 Network Index 514, 515 Richerson, Peter J. 32 Scientific Research Institutions 513–14, ringback tones 352–3 515 Robinson, Luke 246 sculpture 80–81, 89–90, 92, 94 Rules Regarding Foreign Participation sedimentation 31, 40 in the Production of Radio & Seeking Water for China 253–4 Television Program Activities 137 self-drive tourism 265–6 rural radio broadcasting 266–71 self-help industry and commercialization of book S&T (science and technology) 47–8, market 317–19, 322–3 172–3, 179, 270–71, 331, 461, 523 defining self–help 312–14 SAIC (State Administration for and education 315–16, 320 Industry and Commerce) 425, 428 emergence of 311–12, 314–15, Said, Edward 469 317–18, 323 Sailormoon 279 and globalization 311–12, 313–14, San Dao 231 317, 323 San Martín, Sonia 419 ‘glocal’ self–help industry 314–16, SAPP (State Administration of Press 319, 323 and Publication) 130 and the public sphere 319–23, 324 SAPPRFT (State Administration of and structural transformation of Press, Publication, Radio, Film Chinese society 317–19 and Television) self-hybridization 185–6, 256 and documentaries 248–9 ‘self-so’ 31 and film industry censorship 209, semi-independent documentary 246–7 214, 221, 236, 238 Serkis, Andy 69, 71 and ‘going global’ 138, 139, 141 Service Diversification Index 514, and Internet regulation 334–5 515–16 and media regulation 195–8, 199 Service Support Network Index 514–15 and online video platforms 350 SEZs (Special Economic Zones) 6, 487 SARFT (State Administration of Sha Nansheng 470 Radio, Film and Publishing) Shambaugh, David 28, 194 and animation industry 280, 281, Shanghai Alliance Investment 277 283–4, 288 ‘Shanghai Cultural Industries Report and bifurcation of television 2013’ 490 industry 363, 364 Shanghai Film Group (SFG) 210 and broadcast conglomerates 362 Shanghai Grand Theatre 177 and film festivals 486, 488 Shapiro, Michael 190 and ‘going global’ 129, 137–9 Shen Lihui 298–9, 304 mobile and social viewing Shen, Vincent 38–9 restrictions 401 Shen, Xuechen 305 and radio broadcasting 260, 266–7 Shouzhong (OldKids member) 437–9 and television advertising regulations SIEs (Schools of Innovation and 370 Entrepreneurship) 48 SARs (Special Administration SIFE (Students in Free Enterprise) Regions) 209 55–6 Saving Private Ryan 232–3 SIFF (Shanghai International Film ‘scholar leaders’ 100, 101 Festival) 485, 488–92, 493–4, 501

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Sil-Metropole Organization Ltd. 214 Starker, Steven 313 Singles Day 418, 480 start-ups 45, 46, 48, 50–52, 59, 336, Sinicization (in regional filmmaking) 383, 386–7, 389, 391, 393, 524, 526 207–8, 209–10, 222 Storper, Michael 507 Sivin, Nathan 100 Story of the Song Dynasty 122, 126 SMEG (Shanghai Media & Strawberry Music festival 299 Entertainment Group) 363–4 Stringer, Julian 489 SmellMe 51, 52 ‘strong cultural power’ strategy 8, 15, SMEs (small and medium-sized 21, 24, 27, 38, 100, 167, 396, 447 enterprises) 45, 524–6 strong-tie networks 432, 434, 437, 439, SMG (Shanghai Media Group) 193, 507, 511–12 202, 277, 363–5, 367–8, 374 ‘Suggestions on the Development of Smiles, Samuel 313, 323 the Animation Industry’ 280–81 Smith, Crampton 76–7 Sullivan, Michael 521 social capital 431–4, 438, 439–41 Sunflower Movement 302 ‘social field’ 506–7 ‘sunrise industries’ 15 social media 173–4, 202–4, 306–7, Sunstein, Cass 349 368–9, 373, 386, 399 Sun, Wanning 22 social ties 432, 434, 437, 439, 441–2 Super Boy 304 socialisation of screen content 405–7, Super Girl 297–8, 371, 400–401 409 sustainable development 58, 164, 337, ‘soft power’ strategy 412 and cultural facilities 168 Suzhou Creek 527, 528 and documentaries 247, 248, 251, 254, 255, 256 Taegukgi 232–3 and exporting Chinese culture 27–8, Taiwan music industry 300–302, 304, 117 305, 307 and fashion industry 473 talent 135–6, 169–70 and film festivals 484, 485, 486, 492 Tang, King 35, 36 and globalization 4 Tangcha 387 and media regulation 189, 199–201, Tao Dongfeng 18, 19 202, 203 Taobao 413–15, 418–24, 425–8 priority of ‘soft power’ industries Tea Leaf Nation 43 447 technology providers (digital and transformation of the music publishing industry) 385 industry 294 telecommunication companies (digital ‘Some Opinions about Deepening publishing industry) 382–3 the Reform of Press, Publishing, Telecommunications Act (US, 1995) Broadcast & Film Industries’ 362 106 Song Dongye 294–5, 304–5 television/broadcasting industries Songcheng 122 and advertising 369–72 Songzhuang 496–8 and animation industry 277, 279, Sony Music 300 281, 283–4 Sound of the Universe 173 bifurcation of television industry Spacey, Kevin 119 362–5 ‘spiritual pollution’ 283 commercialization of 341, 360–61, spirituality 71, 74, 78 365–74 Spring Festival Gala 369, 371, 396, and conglomeration 362 399–400, 408 and ‘connected viewing’ 396, 397, ‘Stand Up’ 302 399, 404–9

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and copyright 341, 348 The Monkey King 234–5 and ‘cultural system reform’ 360, ‘The Notice of Strengthening the 361–2, 366 Import and Management of and digitalization 360, 365–9, Animated Films’ 280 373–4 The Outline of the Program for documentaries 245, 247–56 Innovation in National Culture and ‘dual identity’ of television 360, Technology 333 362–5 The People’s Daily 6, 46, 202 exploitation of commercialization The Power of Positive Thinking 311 369–73 The Power of Sport 254 and ‘going global’ 119, 124, 137–8 The Road of China 253 government policy 360–63, 364, The Same Song 303 366–7, 373 The Secret 312, 316, 318 Great Leap of Broadcasting Work The Voice 293 192 The Way and Word 100 and media regulation 195–9 theoretical sampling 65 and online video platforms 400–409 ‘theory fever’ 18 overseas broadcasts of Chinese TV think tanks 7, 16, 20, 24, 39, 99, show 8, 119, 124, 138 100–101, 331, 333 and propaganda 192–3, 194–5, 361, ThinkBig Initiative 45, 53, 57–8 363 ‘thought reform’ 191 reality/talent shows 293–4, 297–8, ‘Three Represents Thinking’ 527 303, 304, 305–7, 370, 372–3, Tiananmen Square 191 400–401, 405–6 Tianchuang Company 135 and rise of mobile and social viewing Tiger Mom 43–4, 45, 49 396–400 Torch Program 47 see also CCTV tourism 145, 146, 154–6, 157–8, ‘ten thousand things’ 31, 36 159–63, 254, 265–6, 474–5 Tencent 349, 353–4, 369, 374, 405, Toy Story films 276, 279 406 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Thang-ga 148 34, 37–8, 132, 147 The Blue Book of Broadcasting and TV traffic radio 261–6, 272 Industry of Ningbo 21 transformational creativity 33 The Blue Book of Ningbo Development: transnational exchange 226 Report on the Development of TRIPs (Trade-Related Aspects of Ningbo Cultural Industry 22 Intellectual Property Rights) The Book of Changes 33–4, 36, 315 agreement 340 The Cultural Industries 16–17 Tsui Hark 234 The Dialectic of Enlightenment 5, 17 Turel, Ofir 423 The Forbidden City 100 254 ‘turning point’ 109 ‘The Genetically Modified Paradise’ TVEs (Town and Village Enterprises) 81 448, 508 The Golden Times 253 Tyler, Tom 349 The Great Learning 35, 36 The Hollywood Reporter 230 UKTI (UK Trade & Investment) 168 The Legend of the Seven Warriors Umbrella Protests 302, 306 284–5 UNCTAD (United Nations The Legend of Zhen Huan 124 Conference on Trade and The Lost Tomb 351 Development) 143 The Man from Atlantis 372 Under the Dome 247, 249

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Understanding Popular Culture 19 Wang Shu 459, 461–2, 464 unemployment see employment/ Wang Shuo 6 unemployment Wang Tao 231 UNESCO (United Nations Wang Xiaoshuai 227, 236 Educational, Scientific and Wang Yachen 520, 521–2 Cultural Organization) 143, 153, Wang Yong 434 159, 164 Wang Yuling 316 universities 15–16, 20–23, 24, 170, Wanting (OldKids member) 436–7 447–8, 513–14 War Horse 175 Unlimited Image Festival 486, 495 Warm and Cold We Share Together ‘upgrading’ policies 21, 81, 82, 86, 87, 253 100, 113, 117, 146, 172, 331, 332, Warring States period 37, 100 333 Watching Hainan 254 Uproar in the Studio 278 weak-tie networks 434, 437–9, 507, Urban China 37 511, 512, 513 urban transformation 83–4, 87–8, WeChat 202, 204, 369, 386, 399–400, 90–92, 93 405 ‘User Dispute Resolution Centre’ Weibo 202, 304, 306–7, 346, 372–3, 423–4 386, 399–400, 405, 492 Wen Jiabao 7, 47, 270 ‘value chains’ 8, 174, 178, 222, 342, Wessler, Rainer 49 343, 372–3, 382, 388, 447, 468 West Beijing Railway Station 456 ‘value-add’ of culture 5, 471 West Kowloon Cultural Zone 168 vernacular architecture 465 West Lake 122 ‘Village Documentary’ 252 WHO (World Health Organization) ‘visible hand’ of government 99, 111, 432–3 171 Who Moved My Cheese? 316 Vivo 402 Who? Now! 407–8 Vogue China 468 Wikström, Patrik 295 Voice of China 261, 294, 303, 368, Williams, Dmitri 434 372–3, 405–6 Wilson, E.O. 30 Voice of the Countryside 260–61, WIPO (World Intellectual Property 266–71, 272 Organization) 421 Voice of the Economy 261 Wolff, Janet 475 Wong, Anthony 302 Wan brothers 278–9 Wong Jing 236 Wanda Group 116, 118, 120, 121, 213, Wong Kar-Wai 346 501 Woo, John 234 Wang Bing 247 Woolcock, Michael 434 Wang Fang 320 ‘word-concepts’ 68–9 Wang Feng 301, 305 WTO (World Trade Organization) 4, Wang Guangli 236 6, 7, 23, 105, 107, 108, 129, 137, Wang Hui 20–21 141, 229, 295, 339, 340, 360, 361, Wang, Jason 50 373, 465 Wang Jianlin 501 Wu Hanzhang 434 Wang, Jing 81, 90, 289 Wu Juanjuan 477 Wang Junyang 459–60 Wu Liangyong 460, 461 Wang Liang 262 Wu, Weiping 523 Wang Puning 390 Wu Wenguang 247, 252–3 Wang Qian 303 Wu Xiaoyu 268

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Xi Jinping 18, 27, 118, 191, 194, 203, Zeng Guoping 320 286, 324, 366, 463 Zeng, Jian 238–9 xianchang cinematic style 246–7 Zeng Shiqiang 315, 319 Xiang Zheng 301, 302, 303 Zhang, Charles 349 XinCheJian (Shanghai) 46, 49 Zhang Guofeng 17, 18 Xinhua 160–61 Zhang Huishan 469 Xishuangbanna 155–6, 161, 163, Zhang Jiajia 346 165 Zhang Ming 229 Xu Ben 19 Zhang Rulun 18 Xu, Bo 418 Zhang Ruobo 368 Xunlei 402, 403–4 Zhang Xia 231 Zhang Xuan 302 Yan, Sun 51–2 Zhang Xudong 21 Yang Liping 156, 159 Zhang Yimou 157, 158, 200 Yang Lixin 119 Zhang, Yiwu 524 Yang Tingbao 455 Zhang Yuan 227 Yang v Eachnet.com (2000) 415–16 Zhang Zhi’an 434 Yang Yong 254 Zhang Zhidong 453 Yangliu (OldKids member) 439–41, Zhao Yong 19, 20 442 Zhao Zhian 295–6 Yeh, Yueh-Yu 209 Zhao Zhongxiang 399 Yellow Earth 486 Zhejiang Satellite TV 336, 372, 406 yi 34 Zheng Changfu 233 Yi Chi-yun 227, 233–4, 235 Zheng Chaocan 463 yin-yang 34–5, 36, 39 Zheng, Jane 508–9 Yixiuge(OldKids member) 441 Zhengda Group 370 Yorke, Amanda 523 Zhong Zheng 233 Youku Tudou Inc. 335, 349, 351, Zhou Enlai 460 401–2 Zhou, Joyce 53 youth activism 57, 58 Zhou Xander 469 youth studies 18 Zhu Rongji 108 YouThink Center 58 Zhu Tao 459–60 Yu Dan 311–12, 318–19, 320 Zhu Xuefeng 101 Yu Jie 89–90 Zhuangzi 38 Yuan Guiren 19 Zinke, Florian 238 Yue Wen Group 382, 384 Zonbo Media 231 Yunfest 498–500 Zuo Li 304 Yunnan 153–66 Zuoxiao Zuzhou 299

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