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Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala Facultad De Agronomía Área Integrada

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Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala Facultad De Agronomía Área Integrada UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA ÁREA INTEGRADA DIAGNÓSTICO PRELIMINAR DE ENFERMEDADES OCASIONADAS POR HONGOS EN EL CULTIVO DE PAPAYA (Carica papaya) EN LOS MUNICIPIOS DE LA LIBERTAD Y MELCHOR DE MENCOS Y SERVICIOS REALIZADOS EN EL LABORATORIO DE DIAGNÓSTICO FITOSANITARIO MAGA PETÉN. KELDER ALEXIS ORTIZ CARDONA GUATEMALA, ENERO 2010 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA ÁREA INTEGRADA DIAGNÓSTICO PRELIMINAR DE ENFERMEDADES OCASIONADAS POR HONGOS EN EL CULTIVO DE PAPAYA (Carica papaya) EN LOS MUNICIPIOS DE LA LIBERTAD Y MELCHOR DE MENCOS Y SERVICIOS REALIZADOS EN EL LABORATORIO DE DIAGNÓSTICO FITOSANITARIO MAGA PETÉN. PRESENTADO A LA HONORABLE JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA POR KELDER ALEXIS ORTIZ CARDONA EN EL ACTO DE INVESTIDURA COMO INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO EN SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN AGRÍCOLA EN EL GRADO ACADÉMICO DE LICENCIADO GUATEMALA, ENERO 2010 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA RECTOR LIC. CARLOS ESTUARDO GÁLVEZ BARRIOS JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA DECANO MSc. Francisco Javier Vásquez y Vásquez VOCAL PRIMERO Ing. Agr. Waldemar Nufio Reyes VOCAL SEGUNDO Ing. Agr. Walter Arnoldo Reyes Sanabria VOCAL TERCERO MSc. Danilo Ernesto Dardón Ávila VOCAL CUARTO P.Forestal Axel Esaú Cuma VOCAL QUINTO P.Contador Carlos Alberto Monterroso Gonzáles SECRETARIO MSc. Edwin Enrique Cano Morales Guatemala, enero 2010 Guatemala, enero 2010 Honorable Junta directiva Honorable Tribunal Examinador Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Honorables miembros: De conformidad con las normas establecidas por la Ley Orgánica de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, tengo el honor de someter a vuestra consideración, el trabajo de Graduación titulado Diagóstico preliminar de enfermedades ocasionadas por hongos en el cultivo de papaya (Carica papaya) en los municipios de La Libertad y Melchor de Mencos y servicios realizados en el Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Fitosanitario MAGA Petén, como requisito previo a optar al título de Ingeniero Agrónomo en Sistemas de Producción Agrícola, en el grado académico de Licenciado. Esperando que el mismo llene los requisitos necesarios para su aprobación, me es grato suscribirme, Atentamente, “ID Y ENSEÑAD A TODOS” Kelder Alexis Ortiz Cardona ACTO QUE DEDICO A: DIOS Por acompañarme incondicionalmente en cada paso del camino recorrido. Sin Él no hubiese podido cumplir esta meta. Mis padres Luz Estela Cardona Nardeli y José Antonio Ortiz Gómez, por ser ejemplo de lucha y sacrificio, gracias por darme una de las herencias más importantes que una persona puede recibir en la vida: instrucción y buenos principios. Las palabras se quedan cortas para expresarles mi reconocimiento por todo su apoyo Mis abuelos María Luisa Nardeli, Estéfana Gómez, Sixto Cardona y Heleodoro Ortiz. Por ser la raíz de mi familia. Mis hermanos Edson Roger y Kelvin Josué, por cada uno de los momentos compartidos. Subárea de Ciencias Químicas Elizabeth Gutierrez, Gustavo Jacinto, Lic. Romeo Pérez, Ing. Agr. Pedro Armira, Lic. Enrique Flores, Lic Jorge Solis por contribuir a mi formación personal y profesionall. Mis profesores Licda. Silvia de Morales, Licda. Nora de Galindo, Lic. Arcadio Ruiz y Prof. David Pérez por contribuir a mi formación académica. Mis Amigos María José Rodríguez, Alba Solares, Londy Mejía, Bessy García, Julia Camel, Nadia Ramírez, Sofía Torres, Teresa Guerra, Esperanza Guerra, Mayra Tubac, Delmi Canel, Eunice Caravantes, Thylma Chamorro, Deissy Rodríguez, Julio Vásquez, Marco García, Elmer Ovando, Sergio Sanchez, Carlos Sicán, Soren Ramírez, Mauricio Guzmán, Heberto Rodas, Edwin Orellana, Óscar Monterroso, Diego Méndez, Carlos Galindo, Gerson Urtecho, Christian Menéndez, Enrique Gálvez-Sobral, Douglas Rodas, Luis Monroy, Juan Carlos Ordoñez, Francisco Urizar. A todos ustedes gracias por estar en el momento justo y en el lugar indicado. Monseñor Oscar Vián, Eleuterio Carvajal, Freddy González, Clara Mendez, Alcira Morales y a la Ingeniera Marivel Girón, por su hospitalidad y apoyo. Gracias por brindarme un buen recuerdo de El Petén Los señores Marco Antonio Fausto y Henry Dardón del CEDIA por su ayuda a lo largo de toda la carrera. Todos los compañeros estudiantes de la Facultad de Agronomía con los cuales tuve la oportunidad de compartir un laboratorio de Química. TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN QUE DEDICO A: Mi patria Guatemala El departamento de El Petén Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Facultad de Agronomía Subárea de Ciencias Químicas Colegio Guatemala de la Asunción Vicariato Apostólico de El Petén Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Fitosanitario Petén Programa de Manejo Integrado de Plagas (PROMIP) Petén Mis docentes Mis compañeros Mis amigos AGREDECIMIENTOS A las siguientes personas: Ing. Agr. Gustavo Álvarez por las valiosas contribuciones realizadas a este documento. Gracias por todo el tiempo dedicado a este trabajo. Ingenieros agrónomos Marvin Salguero, César García y Hermógenes Castillo por las observaciones pertinentes para la mejora de este documento. Inga. Agra. Marivel Girón por su apoyo en todas las actividades realizadas en el Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Fitosanitario Petén. Gracias por compartir sus conocimientos sin ningún tipo de envidia, por confiar en mi capacidad y por brindarme la oportunidad de trabajar a su lado. Por todo infinitas gracias. Personal del Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Fitosanitario Km. 22 Bárcenas, Villa Nueva: ingenieros agrónomos Edil Rodríguez, Otto Lavagnino, Aníbal Pérez, Arturo García, analista, Nelson García, técnico laboratorista Osman Valdés y encargada de procesamientos de datos, Diana Gutiérrez, por la colaboración brindada. Personal del Programa de Manejo Integrado de Plagas: Ingenieros Agrónomos Manuel Cano, José Dubón, Luis Guillén, Lic. Anacleto Constancia y técnicos de campo, por todo el apoyo que dieron durante la colecta de material vegetal en la fase de campo. Gracias también por haberme dado la oportunidad de conocer Petén. Médico Veterinario Guillermo Fernández por su colaboración durante la realización del Ejercicio Profesional Supervisado. Personal del Viceministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Alimentación para asuntos específicos de El Petén. i ÍNDICE GENERAL CONTENIDO PÁGINA CAPÍTULO I. ANÁLISIS DE LAS CONDICIONES DEL LABORATORIO DE DIAGNÓSTICO FITOSANITARIO PETÉN DEL MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA, GANADERÍA Y ALIMENTACIÓN, SANTA ELENA DE LA CRUZ FLORES, PETÉN, UN AÑO DESPUÉS DE SU ESTABLECIMIENTO .............................................................. 1 1.1 Presentación ................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Marco referencial ........................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Descripción geográfica del departamento de El Petén ........................................ 3 1.2.2 Producción agrícola del departamento de El Petén ............................................ 4 1.2.3 Petén como Área Libre de la Mosca de la Fruta Ceratitis capitata ...................... 7 1.2.4 Viceministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentación (MAGA) Petén ............ 7 1.2.5 Programa de Manejo Integrado de Plagas (PROMIP) en El Petén ..................... 8 1.2.6 Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Fitosanitario (LDF) Petén ....................................... 10 1.3 Objetivos ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Metodología ................................................................................................................. 12 1.4.1 Fuentes primarias de información ..................................................................... 12 1.4.2 Otras fuentes de información ............................................................................ 13 1.4.3 Análisis de la información .................................................................................. 14 1.5 Resultados .................................................................................................................. 15 1.5.1 Localización ...................................................................................................... 15 1.5.2 Unidad reguladora ............................................................................................. 15 1.5.3 Servicios que presta el laboratorio y horarios de atención ................................ 16 1.5.4 Costo por servicios ............................................................................................ 16 1.5.5 Infraestructura ................................................................................................... 16 1.5.6 Equipo básico .................................................................................................... 18 1.5.7 Cristalería, materiales y reactivos ..................................................................... 18 1.5.8 Recursos humanos ........................................................................................... 20 1.5.9 Protocolos ......................................................................................................... 21 1.5.10 Estadísticas de las muestras procesadas durante el año 2006 ...................... 22 ii 1.5.11 Identificación de problemas ............................................................................. 24 1.6 Conclusiones y recomendaciones ................................................................................ 32 1.7
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