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Home , Alexander Hamilton, Anthony Wayne, Badge of Military Merit, Battles of Saratoga, Battle of Oriskany, Battle of Stony Point

The Hudson Valley National Heritage Area, in the Valley hudsonrivervalley.com

1774 New York “Tea Party” 1779 he Hudson River Valley played a pivotal role in determining the outcome of the War. Here, stymied British 1775 Americans capture 1780 Arnold-André T attempts in 1776-1783 to control the riverway and sever New from and Crown Point the rest of the colonies. Here, Patriots boycotted British teas and other goods, 1776 British invade 1781 of New York City and Battle of Yorktown accepted the Declaration of Independence, created the State of New York, and kept a sharp eye—or a heavy hand—on their Loyalist neighbors. 1777 —the turning point 1782 New Windsor Cantonment Here along the Hudson, Americans stood fast and, after the turning point battles 1778 Fortress West Point begun 1783 British evacuate New York City at Saratoga, set the stage for their ultimate victory at Yorktown and the British evacuation of south of .

Hudson River and , Portrait of at Yorktown looking east from West Point by Wilson Peale, 1782. This painting was purchased by General Rochambeau, the commander of the French forces, after the victory at Yorktown and was owned by his descendants until 2002.

Collection of Hirschl & Adler Galleries, New York City.

Photographs by Ted Spiegel, unless otherwise noted

The British Invasion The British invaded the valley from River Valley, the British tangled with The Americans effectively delayed George Clinton served three directions. the Americans in October 1776 at Pell’s the three British advances. Engineer as the first governor Lake of New York and was From the beginning of the war, Champlain Point and White Plains. Then, in 1777, Tadeusz Kosciuszko brought reelected five times. Crown Point both the British high command G %G the British devised a three-pronged Burgoyne’s forces to a crawl by drop- Portrait by , and General Fort Ticonderoga invasion of the valley. The main force, ping trees across his route south of Courtesy of the Art Commission G of the City of New York. realized the strategic importance of GEN. BURGOYNE under Lt. Gen. , would controlling the Hudson River Valley. Saratoga Battlefield H George Washington made a series head south from Canada via Lakes LT. COL. ST. LEGER 1 U D of key military assignments and . With RIVER Bennington Champlain and George. Lt. Col. Barry K S 1 M AW O H O Battlefield strategic decisions to maintain In December 1775 and January 1776 AlbanyG the help of the , N control of the Hudson River. St. Leger would push east along the Colonel first highlighted Mohawk Valley to Albany. Sir William General whipped Lt. Col. the great resources of New York R Frederich Baum’s raiders in the battle I Howe would head north from Kingston G V when he dragged 59 from E of Bennington on the Walloomsac R New York City to assist Crown Point and Fort Ticonderoga to Bourgoyne’s operation. River in New York. Still, Burgoyne overlooking pressed on toward Albany but was Harbor. That effort helped GEN. CLINTON His troops exhausted and out- stopped at the battle of Freeman’s Farm force the British evacuation of Boston. %GConstitution Is. numbered, John Burgoyne finally on September 19. After the battle he Fort Montgomery%G SOUND %G surrendered at Saratoga. British ships make their way up the Hudson in After driving the Continental this painting by William Joy. fortified and awaited reinforcements. Portrait by Sir out of New York City into the Hudson © The Frick Collection, New York © Collection of The New-York Historical Society They never arrived.

ATLANTICOCEAN Map art by Don Foley

A ten-stop auto tour interprets the battles between the Americans and Reenactments are staged periodically at and Kingston (above) and other Like many other Loyalists, the of At his mansion in Albany, Maj. Gen. Philip J. Schulyer entertained the British at Saratoga. sites along the Hudson. Tarrytown lost their lands and . captured British general, “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne.

Comte de Rochambeau New York, but Brig. Gen. Anthony Washington’s pistols are on display at the Turning Point in the War and 5,500 French West Point Museum. troops passed Wayne, in a daring midnight bayonet After winning at the through the state attack on July 15 and 16, captured on August 6, the British under St. on their way to their at Stony Point. The Leger lost valuable time besieging Fort help the Americans at Yorktown. British returned briefly but never again Stanwix and retreated to Canada. The threatened the . supporting British contingent from Portrait of General Rochambeau, artist unknown. In August 1781, Washington’s and the headquarters in the Musée de Vendôme, . New York City, commanded by Lt. French Comte de Rochambeau’s Hasbrouck farmhouse Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, got a late start linked up at Philipsburgh, New in Newburgh, from which he but succeeded in capturing Forts taken over Maj. Gen. ’s York, before proceeding to issued his order on April 19, 1783, for a Montgomery and Clinton in a fierce command—defeated Burgoyne in the for the decisive battle of Yorktown. “cessation of hostilities.” The troops day of fighting on October 6 near second battle of Saratoga near Bemis After their victory there, Washington stayed until June. Washington oversaw West Point. They cut through a massive Heights. The British capitulation returned to the Hudson River Valley, the British evacuation of New York iron chain the Americans had installed convinced the French to join the and General Rochambeau marched City on November 25, 1783. The entire across the Hudson, moved upriver to American cause and proved to be the his army to Boston for service in Hudson River was now in U.S. hands, the capital at Kingston, and set fire to Chief and the Mohawk turning point in the war. the . Washington brought and New York was on its way the town. But they were too late to help Indians joined Loyalists in several raids over 7,000 soldiers, some with their to becoming the Empire Burgoyne. On October 7, American and battles against . Washington’s troops built nearly 600 wooden In 1779 the British tried to lure General families, to New Windsor for their final huts at their encampment in New Windsor. State in the new nation. Maj. Gen. —who had Portrait by Ezra Ames, 1806. Fenimore Art Museum, Washington into a decisive battle in winter encampment and set up his Cooperstown, N.Y. Photo by Richard Walker Clinton Adams

Continental soldiers attack British fieldworks during the 225th anniversary Washington’s at 7 on Constitution Island Revolutionary War equipment is displayed at Knox’s Headquarters, Period furnishings and exhibits interpret life at the Jonathan Hasbrouck House, reenactment of the . HRV Institute/ helped him hold the Hudson Highlands. Vails Gate. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and . Washington’s Headquarters in Newburgh. Hudson River Valley Hudson River Valley Revolutionary War Sites National Heritage Area, New York

Upper Hudson 4 Henry Knox Trail begins to the north at Crown Point and Fort Ticonderoga. Bennington Battlefield commemorates stopped here after his defeat at Saratoga. See inset map. the battle on August 16, 1777, in which 32 Catherine Street, Albany 32 ajor Hudson River Valley sites associated with the American General John Stark and Colonel Seth Revolution are shown on this map of the National Heritage 9 Warner and their troops defeated M Lt. Col. Fredrich Baum’s Brunswickers Area. Brief descriptions of the sites are listed to the right from north to south. 87 and allies preventing them from gaining Schuylerville 29 For more information about these American Revolutionary sites, itineraries to 29 The Schuyler supplies and horses. Hill offers SARATOGA House 22 visit them, other heritage sites, and facilities in the valley, use this web site: SPRINGS picturesque views and exhibits about 4 the battle. www.hudsonrivervalley.com 32 Route 67, Hoosick Falls Cambridge The heritage sites shown on this map are operated by federal, state, Saratoga local, and not-for-profit organizations. The federal site, National The fighting that took place at Saratoga Historical House Saratoga National Historical Park, is open daily except for , Ballston Park Spa Battlefield in the fall of 1777 turned the Bennington tide of the war for independence and , and . Many of the others are closed Mondays or Bemis Heights Battlefield Tuesdays and are likely to be closed January through March. helped to secure international support for 4

the American cause. Highlights include Gross Geoffrey Stillwater 67 Round visitor center exhibits and an interpretive Bronck Museum, Coxsackie Henry Knox Cannon Trail—Northern Portion Lake nine-mile battlefield auto tour.

17 MechanicvilleH New Yorkers signed the Coxsackie e Route 32, Stillwater

9 n r Declaration of Independence in 1775 in Port Henry y

9 Middlebury K

y n what is now called the Bronck Museum.

a o , home of Maj. Gen.

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t During the early years of the war, the 7 C r Philip Schuyler, served as a base of opera-

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Crown Point a N 90 n Coxsackie Committee of Correspondence 87 n tions during the war. George Washington,

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9N n met here, one of the oldest standing , , 87 T

r Fort Ticonderoga a houses in . i and passed through Ticonderoga l Road 42, Coxsackie Schroon 890 its halls. British Lt. Gen. John Burgoyne 7 Waterford Lake SCHENECTADY 30 Peebles Island 30 22 Rotterdam Sharon Springs Cohoes 8 90 Mid-Hudson 20 5

l i 2 a 20 N Sabbath r e T w 87 88 Y Robert R. Livingston, Jr. of Belvedere Rondout Battlefield (Rotary Park) n VT. o Day Point r 2 o k Latham S n t n a Colonie served on the committee to draft the encompasses the area on the Kingston 9N a te C Th Schuyler x 20 ru Declaration of Independence in 1776. waterfront where the British landed in o w Flatts 28 n a y 9 K y The British burned his and his father's October 1777 after the Provincial r 9 n ALBANY e 4 90 Bolton Landing H Schoharie 4 TROY house, Clermont, next door in 1777, but Convention moved from Fishkill to Cobleskill E his mother, Margaret Beekman Livingston, Kingston. Confronted by an armed galley 145 30 Schuyler 88 Rensselaer rebuilt Clermont during the war. The and militiamen, the British proceeded to Mansion Crailo 22 485-acre estate is preserved as it appeared burn the town. Lake George 30 Historic 85 Lake George 443 Cherry Hill in the early 20th century. Lower Avenue, Kingston Battlefield 1 Clermont Avenue, Germantown Lake 443 Luzerne 90 Middleburgh East 66 Hudson Falls Greenbush Glens Falls 22 Schodack 9 9W 85 Fort Edward 32 145

32 4 East Nassau RANG 9N 9 Fort Miller 30 Rensselaerville 20 85 29 9 87 Northumberland Dormansville Schuylerville 87 Saratoga 29 22 Springs 32 Cambridge Old PITTSFIELD Chatham Luykas 20 Van Alen NEW YORK House 295 C 32 atski 66 23 ll C Kinderhook 90 r 203 IC

e Courtesy of Senate House e Courtesy of Durham 145 k 21 The Senate House, Kingston Gomez Mill House, Marlboro COXSACKIE Chatham Lenox Grand N The Senate House, one of 21 colonial Wolvert Ackert, owner of the Gomez Bronck 22 Museum Ghent 90 houses in Kingston’s Area, served Mill House during the war, served as 203 7 as the meeting place for the first Senate of commissioner of Newburgh's Committee 23 Prattsville Windham 7 Austerlitz 9W 66 New York State in 1777. The stone build- of Safety and Observation, a group that Cairo 9H Stockbridge ing is furnished as an early Revolutionary identified suspected loyalists. The six-room CO period home and contains several portraits house, mill, icehouse, and other buildings 30 296 21 22 23A 23 MASS. of local residents. sit on 28 acres. S HUDSON 217 A 296 Fair Street, Kingston 11 Mill House Road, Marlboro N 32 Catskill 71 I Claverack H Great Hunter e A T n Barrington r Lower Hudson y T Tannersville 23A 23 K Hillsdale n l o i 57 x ra 42 N Palenville 23 T Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, the Cannon U ’s Prussian drillmaster 28 and inspector general, used Margaretville O 82 Fleischmans 9 214 as his headquarters in 1783. The Society of M 9W 30 32 87 Germantown Copake Falls , the first U.S. veterans’ organi- 9G y

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P pertaining to the Verplanck family and the SAUGERTIES Clermont e Phoenicia t

a 212 t Society of the Cincinnati are on display. S L

c Tivoli i n 145 Sterling Street, Beacon 212 o L c a Catskill T I Canaan Annandale- Washington's Headquarters, in the 9W 22 44 K on-Hudson Montgomery 82 Jonathan Hasbrouck House, the first pub- Park Place S licly operated historic site in the nation, 28 32 T Red 44 is the house where George Washington Fort Montgomery, Bear Mountain Hook 199 199 Pine stayed for 16 months at the end of the A 199 28A Plains Millerton Revolutionary War and where he created Fort Montgomery and Fort Clinton C Senate House & Reformed Protestant the , predecessor (Trailside Museum) fell to overwhelming Historic Area Dutch Church RHINEBECK of the . British forces on October 6, 1777. KINGSTON Rondout Battlefield/ 84 Liberty Street, Newburgh Nonetheless, the battles disrupted Sir Rotary Park Henry Clinton’s attempts to relieve Burgoyne’s army that was trapped at 9 Maj. Gen. Henry Knox occupied the 209 Saratoga. A self-guiding trail takes visitors 9W Ellisons’ fieldstone house at Vails Gate four different times during the war, and Maj. through the remains of Fort Montgomery Amenia 9G Gen. Horatio Gates stayed here when he after a stop at the visitor center. 82 44 Cornwall High Bridge 22 was commandant of the New Windsor Falls Cantonment. With its 18th-century furnish- HYDE PARK retired to his Katonah Homestead Millbrook ings, K nox’s Headquarters retains much of Kerhonkson its wartime appearance. property in 1801 after a lifetime of public

y 44 service to the state and the nation. Jay NEW PALTZ a Dover Forge Hill Road, Vails Gate

w u Plains 7 was president of the , r 115 Huguenot h Pleasant

T 82 Street e Valley a principal negotiator of the Treaty of t George Washington’s army made its final a Kent t Clinton House S Paris ending the Revolution, first chief 299 k encampment at the New Windsor r

o The Glebe House

Y justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and 32 Cantonment. Here, Washington made an w 44

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N POUGHKEEPSIE 202 emotional speech in the Temple of Virtue second . convincing army officers not to rebel over Route 22, Katonah Red Oaks Mill 55 55 pay. The meeting hall and a soldiers’ hut 209 9 During the Revolutionary War, both the 87 9W 376 have been reconstructed. Artifacts, diora- CONN. mas, and artillery pieces are displayed. loyalists and patriots pillaged Van 17 Marlboro Cortlandt Manor, which was located in the Falls The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor Gomez Trinity and middle of the Neutral Ground. After the New Milford is located here. Mill House First Dutch Stormville war, the Van Cortlandt family returned to Wurtsboro 9D Reformed Churches Temple Hill Road (N.Y. Route 300), Vails Gate 52 the property after service to the patriot Van Wyck Pawling Orange Mount House John Kane cause and reestablished it as a productive Lake 32 Gulian Fishkill House 84 estate. Today, the site includes an 18th- 17 Montgomery Pecksville century manor house and tavern and Madam Brett 7 Basher r Washington's NEWBURGH e BEACON Homestead Farmers 202 v reconstructed tenant farmhouse. Kill Headquarters i Mills 52

R New Windsor 9D 9 n Redding Lake Brookfield Interpreters demonstrate blacksmithing, S Cantonment o

s y (Meads) 84 Carmel brickmaking, and hearth-cooking skills.

(Last Encampment) New Windsor d b Corners 22 u i l

Knox's H L South Riverside Avenue, Croton-on-Hudson R u 84 i Headquarters d d Middletown 301 e in Hill-Hold Edmonston g 301 t Carmel Museum Washingtonville House o 6 25 A committed loyalist, III 209 n 97 Cold Spring ' s 84 Fort lost Philipsburg Manor after signing Decker Goshen Mountainville Mahopac Brewster DANBURY the Declaration of Dependence in 1776 84 Fort Mines Fortress West Point Constitution Bethel and being arrested on orders from 94 Garrison 684 Ridgebury Port (USMA) 22 Jervis WEST POINT Mahopac Mahopac General Washington. Today, Philipsburg 9W Falls 6 Washington-Rochambeau Chester Fort Montgomery Salem Revolutionary Route Manor represents a mid- 6 17 Historic Chain, West Point Fort Independence Continental Village 202 milling, farming, and trading complex Monroe 32 Fort Arnold/Clinton and populated by diverse Europeans and 6 Old St. Peter's Church 22 Yorktown Fort Clinton Fort Hill (Hunt's Tavern) helped secure the Hudson River and pre- enslaved Africans. 94 Bear 202 Mountain Crompond 35 Ridgefield vent the British from cutting Route 9, State 35 Park Peekskill off from the rest of the states. The forts, 9 Verplancks Katonah elements in three rings of fortifica- Stony Point Point John Jay The Philipse family fled to New York City Battlefield Homestead tions known as Fortress West Point, are and then to England. New York State con- Warwick 17A Kings Pine's Bridge 7 located on the U.S. Military Academy fiscated the 52,000-acre estate, including N.J. P Stony a l Point y i Bedford s a grounds. Thirteen links of the Great Chain their Yonkers residence, Philipse Manor

a Pound w d k Mount Kisco e Croton-on- Van Cortlandt r Ridge

s a are displayed at . A statue of Hall. The mansion is now a museum of

87 y P (North ) Hudson a Haverstraw Manor r w e 15 k v Tadeusz Kosciuszko, who directed the I i history, architecture, and art, including 202 n r t R 684 e a r P Chappaqua s l construction of the fortifications, stands e l selections from Alexander Smith Cochran t Ossining i a t

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Hudson River Valley S w on the remains of Fort Arnold/Clinton. Fort

City Collection of American Portraiture.

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a i S NORWALK National Heritage Area boundary n r k

o Pleasantville Putnam is currently not open to the public. 29 Warburton Avenue, Yonkers w c

Henry Knox Cannon Trail North a a y T Spring Several Revolutionary War items are on Knox Trail Monuments Valley Philipsburg Suffern 87 Manor 15 display in the visitor center and museum. Saint Paul’s Church served as a hospital for Sybil Ludington's Ride 287 NYACK Manor West Point Hessians after the 1776 battle of Pell’s Washington-Rochambeau 95 01 5 10 Kilometers Nanuet Revolutionary Route Camp 87 Point, which helped prevent the British 287 287 TTARARRYTOWNRYTOWN STAMFORD Troop Camp Sites 01 5 10 Miles Ramapough Pearl 9W British Lt. Gen. Henry Clinton gained con- from attacking George Washington’s army River Odell Piermont 287 trol of King’s Ferry on May 31, 1779, and House GREENWICH as it moved north from New York City. Henry Knox Cannon Trail traces the route followed by Knox and his Lake built fortifications at Stony Point to pre- Tappan Dobbs Hartsdale A number of the Hessians who died there 59 cannon from Lake Champlain to Dorchester Heights, . DeWint Ferry 287 WHITE pare for a possible battle in the Hudson are buried in a mass grave. The restored http://www.hudsonrivervalley.org/themes/Amrev/KnoxTrail/kttour.php House y PLAINS Jacob Purdy House a PLAINS y Highlands. But the Americans, led by Brig. w 87 a church and nearby museum interpret the k Hastings-on- w r Greenburgh k Miller House

a r 208 Hudson a Gen. , retook the fort in a Ridgewood P (Philipsburg) P battle and other local events.

Sybil Ludington's Ride recreates the ride of a 16-year-old r

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girl on April 26, 1777, to rally her father's regiment. w on South Columbus Avenue, Mt. Vernon S k s r in n Oradell a 9 h e c http://www.hudsonvalley.org/amerRevLesson/sybillessonplan.php P t U.S. 9W, Stony Point d u r Reservoir e a t H G a t PARAMUS s 95 r YONKERS Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route (W3R) commemorates e Philipse t Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area 208 n 20 I French-American marches through Westchester and Rockland Manor MT. VERNON PATERSON 4 Hall St. Paul's Church s NEW ROCHELLE counties to Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781 and the return of the Englewood e The Hudson River Valley National Heritage The Heritage Area funded this map-brochure, d 80 a s HACKENSACK i French army to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1782. The route markings l Area is a federally funded program created a and the Hudson River Valley Institute at south from Dobbs Ferry and Hartsdale show the initial failed attack P Van Cortlandt Mansion Museum 95 by Congress in 1996. The mission of the Marist College in Poughkeepsie selected the 80 Valentine-Varian House/ against Delancy's Loyalists and Washington's and Rochambeau's Grand y Museum of Bronx History a Heritage Area is to recognize, preserve, sites. Send your comments by e-mail to w

Reconnaissance to inspect British fortifications July 21-23, 1781. k Passaic 95 r Fort a protect and interpret the nationally [email protected] P Lee 95 http://www.hudsonrivervalley.net/images/largedetailed2.1.jpg

e 21 t significant cultural and natural resources a 9A t 87 Morrisania

S 295 n 678 of the Hudson River Valley for the benefit e

d r a 95 of the nation. 280 G 95