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BODY-SOUL DEBATES in ENGLISH, FRENCH and GERMAN MANUSCRIPTS C. 1200 - C

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BODY-SOUL DEBATES in ENGLISH, FRENCH and GERMAN MANUSCRIPTS C. 1200 - C BODY-SOUL DEBATES IN ENGLISH, FRENCH AND GERMAN MANUSCRIPTS c. 1200 - c. 1500 Emily Jean Richards rk Centre for Medieval Studies April 2009 2 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the history of body-soul debates in English, Anglo-Nonnan, Northern French and Gennan from c.1200-1500. Focusing uniquely on the question of contexts rather than origins for the debates, I summarise their roots in apocryphal and pre-Christian myth before turning to close readings of the debates themselves and detailed examinations of their manuscripts. I argue that the various adaptations of the Latin 'Visio Philiberti' should be seen not only within the context of each language's vernacular literature, but also as a reaction to doctrinal changes in Christian theology during the period in which they were written. I also look at how these adaptations reflect the transmission of the debates by the religious orders, and examine the evidence for my argument that each body­ soul debate constructs specific paradigms of body and soul's relationship, focusing in particular on the differences between the hostile debates in England and France on the one side, and the 'friendly' debates in Gennany on the other. Finally, I examine parallel developments in the regulation of vernacular devotional literature in England, France and Germany in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, using a case study ofBL MS Additional 37049 to argue that these developments are reflected in more repressive and authoritarian adaptations of body-soul debates. Siting this hypothesis within the context of recent discussions of 'vernacular theology', I argue that body-soul debates functioned as literature which sanctioned authoritarian attitudes to vernacular literature and society, while at the same time presenting the possibility of a dialogic response to repressive measures and destabilising the topo; of obedience and subservience that they ostensibly support. 2 3 LIST OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 2 List of Contents 3 List of Illustrations 6 Author's Note 9 Acknowledgements 10 Abbreviations 12 Introduction 15 Chapter 1 Anglo-Norman and Early French Debates 1.1 Introduction 33 1.2 'Un samedi par nuit' 34 1.2.1 'Un samedi' - manuscripts and editions 36 1.2.2 'Un samedi' - the poem 39 1.3 'Si cumjeo ju en vn lit'/ 'Le mois de mai' 53 1.3.1 'Si cumjeo ju' in Oxford, BodI. MS Selden supra 74 54 1.3.1.1 Selden supra 74 - the manuscript 62 1.3.2 BL MS Additional 46919 69 1.3.3 BL MSS Cotton Vitellius C.VIlI and Arundel 288 72 1.4 Some conclusions - literary and historical contexts 76 Chapter 2 French Debates 2.1 Introduction 80 2.2 'Une grante vision' 82 2.2.1 Extant manuscripts - some general points 82 2.2.2 'Une grante vision' - the poem 83 2.2.3 Summary 97 2.3. BN f.fr.2198 99 2.4. Case study of Paris, BN f.fr.24865 102 2.4.1 Structure of the manuscript 103 2.4.2 Female saints for female readers? 106 2.4.3 The longer vernacular works in Paris, BN f.fr.24865 109 2.4.3.1 Mirour des pecheurs 110 2.4.3.2 'Jardin amoureux de l'ame' 112 2.4.4 Constructions of body and soul in Paris, BN f.fr.24865 116 3 4 2.5 Conclusion 121 Chapter 3 Gennan Debates - Sameness and Difference 3.1 Introduction 122 3.2 The debates and their manuscripts 123 3.2.1 General observations 127 3.2.2 'Women's reading'? 130 3.3 Close readings of the debates 133 3.3.1 Basle, Universitatsbibliothek MS B.X.14 133 ('Ein sele zum dem libe sprach') 3.3.2 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek MS Cgm. 100 140 ('Ver sele und her lip') 3.4 The implications of female readership 148 3.5 Two further body-soul debates: Definition and exclusion in fifteenth-century Gennany? 153 3.5.1 Dannstadt, UniversiHits- und Landesbibliothek MS 2667 153 3.5.2 Vienna, ONB MS Cod. 3009 161 3.6 Conclusion 167 Chapter 4 Middle English Body-Soul Debates 4.1 Introduction 172 4.2 Body-soul debates in Middle English and their manuscripts 175 4.3 A case study of London, BL MS Additional 37049 181 4.3.1 Background, content and structure of Additional 37049 183 4.3.2 The body-soul debate in Additional 37049 190 4.3.3 The question of governance - body and soul together 203 4.3.4 Imagery in the body-soul debate 206 4.4 Conclusion 212 Conclusion Medieval Body-Soul Debates and Vernacular Theology 216 ILLUSTRATIONS 230 4 5 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Anglo-Norman manuscripts 1.1 List of manuscript contents for manuscripts of 'Si cum jeo ju' 249 1.2 Technical description of Oxford, Bodl. MS Selden supra 74 252 1.3 Transcription and translation of 'Niule pecchere' in Arundel 288 256 1.4 Transcription of 'Si cumjeo ju' in Additional 46919 257 Appendix 2 French manuscripts - 'Une grante vision' 2.1 Five manuscripts containing 'Une grante vision' 264 2.2 Codicological description of Paris, BN f.fr.24865 269 2.3 Transcription of 'Une grante vision' in two manuscripts and the 1862 edition 274 Appendix 3 German manuscripts 3.1 Significant contents of Basle, UB MS RX.14 294 3.2 Transcription and translation of'Ver sele und her lip' in Munich, BSB MS Cgm. 100 (fols. 133r-134r) 295 Appendix 4 Codicological description ofBL MS Add. 37049 and arguments for its construction as a single manuscript 297 Appendix 5 List of manuscripts 301 BIBLIOGRAPHY 303 5 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Arbor Crucifixi. BL MS Harley 5234, fol. 5r. 230 Repr. from British Library Images Online. 2. 'Ver sele vnd her lip'. Munich, BSB MS Cgm. 100, fol. 133r. 231 3. 'Der geist des menschen'. Universitats- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt MS 2667, fol. 176v. 232 4. Intercession scene. BL MS Add. 37049, fol. 19r. 233 5. The soul's pilgrimage. BL MS Add. 37049, fols. 72v-73r. Repr. from Hogg, Facsimile (1983). 234 6. 'Dysputacion betwyx pe saule & pe body'. BL MS Add. 37049, fol. 82r. 235 7. 'Dysputacion'. BL MS Add. 37049, fol. 82v. 235 8. 'Dysputacion'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 83r. 235 9. 'Dysputacion'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 83v. 236 10. 'Dysputacion'. BL MS Add. 37049, fol. 84r. 236 11. Pilgrimage ofthe Soul. Melbourne, Victoria State Library MS *096/G94, fo1.140v. Repr. from Manion and Vines (1984). 237 12. Pelerinage de ['arne. Oxford, Bodl. MS Douce 305, fo1. 33v. 238 13. Pilgrimage ofthe Soul. New York, Public Library MS Spencer 19, fol. 7r. 239 Repr. from Scott, Later Gothic Manuscripts. I, plate 291 (1996). 14. 'Querela divina'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 20r. 240 15. 'Ego dormio'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 30v. 240 16. 'I wende to dede a kynge iwys'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 36r. 240 17. 'Charter of Human Redemption'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 23r. 241 6 7 18. 'Arma Christi'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 60v. 241 19. 'Arma Christi'. BL MS Add. 37049, fol. 67v. 241 20. 'Five Wounds'. BL MS Add. 37049, fol. 24r. 242 21. 'Crucifixion'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 30r. 242 22. 'Exegesis ofthe Five Hearts'. South Germany, fifteenth century. Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett Inv. 124-1. Repr. from Krone und Schleier, p. 446, no. 365. 243 23. 'Crucifixion'. St Walburga Benedictine Convent, EichsHitt. Repr. from Hamburger, Nuns as Artists, fig. 66. 243 24. 'Crucifixion'. Strasbourg Dominican prayerbook, c. 1500. Repr. from Hamburger, Nuns as Artists, fig.8. 244 25. 'Crucifixion'. Rhineland prayerbook. Cologne, Schnuetgen-Museum Invr. M340. Repr. from Hamburger, Nuns as Artists, fig. 1. 244 26. Dominican nun receives Christ. 1450-1500. Miniature, Book of Hours, St Margaretha and Agnes Convent, Strasbourg. Bibliotheque du Grand Seminaire, Strasbourg MS 755 fol. lr. Repr. from Krone und Schleier, p. 124, fig. 3. 244 27. Heinrich Seuse gives the Name of Jesus to his daughter in Christ Elsbeth Stagl. From the Exemplar. Strasbourg, c. 1370. Strasbourg, BN MS 2929, fol. 68v. Repr. from Krone und Schleier, p. 477, no. 412. 245 28. Illustration to Biichlein der Geistlichen Gemahelschaft ('Little Book of Spiritual Marriage'). PUttrichkloster, Munich, c. 1454. Munich, BSB MS Cgm. 775, fol.l85r. Repr. from Krone und Schleier, p. 464, no. 396. 245 29. The Soul's Path to God. Heinrich Seuse, Exemplar. Augsburg woodcut, 1482. Staatsbibliothek Berlin- Preu~ischer Kulturbesitz, inc. 127. Repr. from Krone und Schleier, p. 478, no. 414. 246 30. 'Mary'. Convent, Ebstorf, c. 1500. Evangelical Convent, Ebstorf, Fragment II. Repr. from Krone und Schleier, no. 408. 246 7 8 31. The Heart as a House. St Walburga Benedictine Convent, Eichstatt. Repr. from Krone und Schleier, p. 332, no. 340. 246 32. 'Man of Sorrows' c. 1490. Engraving by Israel van Meckenem. Staatliche Museen Berlin. Repr. from http://www.wga.hulartlmlmeckenemlveraicon. 247 33. 'Man of Sorrows' BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 2r. 247 34. 'Tree of Life'. BL MS Add. 37049, fo1. 19v. 248 35. 'Lebensbaum'. St-Laurentius-Kirche, Bischoffingen. 248 36. 'Lebensbaum', lower part. St-Laurentius-Kirche, Bischoffingen. 248 8 9 AUTHOR'S NOTE The title page shows a detail of 'A dysputacion betwyxt pe saule & pe body', BL MS Additional 37049, fo1. 83v; the full image is reproduced at fig. 9 of the illustrations. Unless otherwise stated, all translations are mine. I have generally translated secondary literature, where necessary, without first giving the original. Quotations in English from the Bible are from the Revised Version. This thesis is dedicated to my grandmothers, Jean Betty Berger and Ivy Richards, and written in memory of my grandfathers, Joachim Berger and David Richards.
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