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V·M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 The dynamics of satellite galaxies. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Zaritsky, Dennis Fabian. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 09:44:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185639 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or i~ustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. V·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 920803'1 The dynamics of satellite galaxies Zaritsky, Dennis Fabian, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1991 U·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 THE DYNAMICS OF SATELLITE GALAXIES by Dennis Fabian Zaritsky A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 199 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE 2 As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Dennis Fabian Zar i tsky entitled THE DYNAMICS OF SATELLITE------------------------------ GALAXIES and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy 9/9/91 Date 9/9/91 Date 9/9/91 Date 9/9/91 Date 9/9/91 Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. 9/9/91 Dissertatf01r15"irector Simon D.M. White Date r- 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interest of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: _(\~O~...... ---"j~a~~::::"';(I-- __ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to K.-Y. Lo, N. Scoville, and E. Shaya, who helped a novice undergrad­ uate through two different "summer" research programs and introduced me to "real astronomy" . I also gratefully acknowledge financial assistance from the NSF (Graduate Fel­ lowship and Simon's grants), from the State of Arizona (a TA and the Minority Graduate Student Travel Fund), from P. Strittmatter and Steward Obs. (publica­ tion support for my more independent ventures) and from CTIO (travel support). Most relevant regarding the work presented here are my thanks to Simon White for providing the ideas and letting me try them out (and then finding my mistakes). Astronomy, by its nature, is a fairly inexact, exact science. From Simon I've learned that this fact should not dissuade one from careful and thorough work. Thanks to my other collaborators on this project: C. Frenk, S. Lorrimer, and R. Smith. Who knows how many satellites we would have if they had had any clear weather at all? Also thanks also to those who provided comments on earlier versions of this manuscript: J. Black, J. Charlton, C. Frenk, C. Impey, E. Olszewski, and G. Rieke. I also greatly appreciated the freedom I had to try other projects (one of which even turned out to be incorporated into Chapter 2). Special thanks to my vari­ ous collaborators on that and other projects: M. Aaronson (Who I had originally ... a long long time ago, thought was going to be my thesis advisor), R. Elston, S. Grossman, J. Hill, J. Huchra, R. Kennicutt, J. Lowenthal, E. Olszewski, R. Peter­ son, H.-W. Rix, and R. Schommer. Special thanks to R. Elston for demonstrating that being just a graduate student shouldn't impose any limitations. Also special thanks to J. Hill, whose MX spectrometer and the imitations it inspired, have been the workhorse of most of my observational work. Thanks EdO for all the help, anecdotes, and otherwise useful information!. Thanks to H.-W. Rix, who provided many stimulating conversations and who kindly escorted me to several Cambridge pubs and Indian restaurants. Thanks also to all the other past and present gradu­ ate students, especially M. Cornell, R. Cutri, M. Dinniman, D. Foss, B. Januzzi, D. Kelly, K. Katris, B. Latter, M. Lesser, and R. Saffer and for making Steward Obs. a nicer place to spend the majority of my waking hours. In addition, thanks to J. Liebert and R. Kennicutt for being two of the good guys. Finally, I thank my parents for ... everything. This manuscript is dedicated to them with all my love. lExtr&-special thanks go to Julia Olszewski for turning EdO into a marshmallow. 5 Table of Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 8 LIST OF TABLES 11 ABSTRACT 13 CHAPTER 1 : Review and Preview. I 15 1.1 Introduction.............. 15 1.2 Dark Matter and Satellite Galaxies 16 1.3 Dark Matter in Galactic Halos . 18 1.3.1 Rotation Curves. 18 1.3.2 Binary Galaxies . 20 1.3.3 Theoretical Prejudices 26 1.4 Satellite Galaxies ...... 27 1.4.1 Observational Studies of Satellite Galaxies 27 1.4.2 Theoretical Studies of Satellite Galaxies 28 1.5 Summary .................... 30 CHAPTER 2 : The Mass of the Galaxy. 31 2.1 Int.roduction .............. 31 6 2.2 Observations. ...... 32 2.3 Results and Discussion 38 2.3.1 Statistical Analysis 40 2.3.2 Timing Arguments 49 2.3.3 An Unbound Leo I? 55 2.4 Timing Arguments for the Local Group . 57 2.4.1 The Models 58 2.4.2 Discussion 60 2.5 Conclusions ... 65 CHAPTER 3 : Spiral Galaxies and Satellite Dynamics: Data 68 3.1 Introduction. 68 3.2 The Data . 69 3.2.1 The Selection of Primary Galaxies. 69 3.2.2 The Search for Satellites 75 3.3 A Look at the Data . 101 3.3.1 Asymmetric Velocity Distribution 101 3.3.2 Identifying Interlopers . 113 3.3.3 The Number of Satellites. 115 3.3.4 The Radial Distribution of Satellites 119 3.3.5 The 2-Dimensional Distribution of Satellites 121 3.3.6 The Characteristics of the Satellites . 123 3.3.7 The Angular Momentum of Primaries and Satellites . 131 3.4 Summary ............................. 133 L 7 CHAPTER 4 : Spiral Galaxies and Satellite Dynamics : Analysis 135 4.1 Introduction ..... 135 4.2 Random Phase Models 138 4.2.1 Point-Mass Random-Phase Models . 139 4.2.2 Extended-Mass Random-Phase Models 152 4.3 Secondary Infall Models . 158 4.3.1 "Analytic" Solution. 160 4.3.2 Numerical Solution 168 4.3.3 Scaling Properties . 187 4.3.4 Comparing Models and Data 193 4.3.5 Additional Complications 214 4.4 Summary ............. 219 CHAPTER 5 : Review and Preview. II . 222 5.1 Summary of Results .. 222 5.1.1 Satellite Galaxies 222 5.1.2 Galactic Halos .. 224 5.2 The Future for Studies of Satellite Galaxies. 229 5.3 Conclusion. 232 REFERENCES . 234 8 List of Illustrations 1.1 Comparison of Data from Previous Studies . 21 2.1 Comparison of He-Ne-Ar and Etalon Calibration Spectra 35 2.2 Point Mass Model Results .... 45 2.3 Isothermal Sphere Model Results 46 2.4 Observed vs. Theoretical Distributions 47 3.1 Absolute Magnitude Histogram for Primary Galaxies with Satellites 70 3.2 Histogram of Recessional Velocities for Primaries with Satellites .. 73 3.3 Histogram of Magnitude Differences Between Primaries and Satellites 76 3.4 H I Velocity Uncertainties 78 3.5 Argus Sky Subtraction . 83 3.6 Representative ARGUS Satellite Spectra 84 3.7 MMT Velocity Error Distribution 88 3.8 Tp VB. Ib.vl ............ 90 -3.9 Primary Galaxy Position Angle Error Distribution.
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