QUANTUM GRAVITY and the ROLE of CONSCIOUSNESS in PHYSICS Resolving the Contradictions Between Quantum Mechanics and Relativity
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1 QUANTUM CONSCIOUSNESS RESEARCH LIMITED QUANTUM GRAVITY and the ROLE of CONSCIOUSNESS in PHYSICS Resolving the contradictions between quantum mechanics and relativity Sky Darmos 2020/8/14 Explains/resolves accelerated expansion, quantum entanglement, information paradox, flatness problem, consciousness, non-Copernican structures, quasicrystals, dark matter, the nature of quantum spin, weakness of gravity, arrow of time, vacuum paradox, and much more. 2 Working titles: Physics of the Mind (2003 - 2006); The Conscious Universe (2013 - 2014). Presented theories (created and developed by Sky Darmos): Similar-worlds interpretation (2003); Space particle dualism theory* (2005); Conscious set theory (2004) (Created by the author independently but fundamentally dependent upon each other). *Inspired by Roger Penrose’s twistor theory (1967). Old names of these theories: Equivalence theory (2003); Discontinuity theory (2005); Relationism (2004). Contact information: Facebook: Sky Darmos WeChat: Sky_Darmos Email: [email protected] Cover design: Sky Darmos (2005) Its meaning: The German word “Elementarräume”, meaning elementary spaces, is written in graffiti style. The blue background looks like a 2-dimensional surface, but when we look at it through the two magnifying glasses at the bottom we see that it consists of 1-dimensional elementary “spaces” (circles). That is expressing the idea that our well known 3-dimensional space could in the same way be made of 2- dimensional sphere surfaces. The play with dimensionality is further extended by letting all the letters approach from a distant background where they appear as a single point (or point particle) moving through the pattern formed by these overlapping elementary spaces. The many circles originating from all angles in the letters represent the idea that every point (particle) gives rise to another elementary space (circle). All this is to artistically visualise the space particle dualism theory developed by the author and described in this book. 3 First edition: 28.02.2014 Present edition: 23.05.2020 Time of research: 2003 – 2007; 2012 – 2020 Copyright © 2014 – 2020 by Sky Darmos ISBN 978-1533546333 [Pre-2016-ISBN: 978-1496108586] Financial support: Stavros Darmos, Guan Lặi-Kuắn, Pàng Sắu-Yụk, Zău Zón-Yừn, Doros Kiriakoulis, Săn Gịn, Gino Yu (Yư Zik-Lẽi). Proof-reading: Ludovic Krundel, Scott Ferguison, Martyn Adams. Main inspiration: Sir Roger Penrose. Most likeminded person: John Archibald Wheeler. This book is dedicated to Sir Roger Penrose, who has had the greatest influence on me through his works on consciousness the Penrose-Lucas argument and the nature of space (or space-time) twistor theory. It is also dedicated to all those giants of physics who have adhered to the orthodox consciousness centred interpretation of quantum mechanics, namely Werner Heisenberg Copenhagen interpretation, Wolfgang Pauli Pauli effect & synchronicity, John Von Neumann consciousness collapses wavefunction, Eugene Wigner Wigner’s friend & Wigner’s dilemma and John Archibald Wheeler delayed choice & participatory anthropic principle, but also to those who adhere to it till this day, such as Paul Davis, Bernard Carr and Henry Stapp. 4 “The word ‘there is’ is a term of human language and is referring to reality as it is reflected in the human soul; it is not possible to talk about another kind of reality.” “I avow that the term ‘Copenhagen interpretation’ is not happy since it could suggest that there are other interpretations, like Bohm assumes. We agree, of course, that the other interpretations are nonsense, and I believe that this is clear in my book, and in previous papers. Anyway, I cannot now, unfortunately, change the book since the printing began enough time ago.” “The atoms or elementary particles themselvs are not real; they form a world of potentialities or possibilities rather than one of things or facts.” “What we observe is not nature itself, but nature exposed to our method of questioning.” “The natural laws of quantum theory no longer deal with the elementary particles themselves, but with our knowledge of them.” Werner Heisenberg “It takes so long to train a physicist to the place where he understands the nature of physical problems that he is already too old to solve them.” “Today’s physics is a limit case, which is only valid for nonliving objects. It will have to be replaced by new laws, based on new concepts, if conscious organisms are to be described.” “It was not possible to formulate the laws of quantum mechanics in a fully consistent way without reference to consciousness.” Eugene Wigner “The present quantum theory is unable to provide the description of a real state of physical facts, but only of an (incomplete) knowledge of such. Moreover, the very concept of a real factual state is debarred by the orthodox theoreticians. The situation arrived at corresponds almost exactly to that of the good old Bishop Berkeley.” Albert Einstein 5 “Actually, quantum phenomena are neither waves nor particles but are intrinsically undefined until the moment they are measured. In a sense, the British philosopher Bishop Berkeley was right when he asserted two centuries ago ‘to be is to be perceived’.” “We are participators in bringing into being not only the near and here but the far away and long ago.” “No phenomenon is a real phenomenon until it is an observed phenomenon.” “It is my opinion that everything must be based on a simple idea. And it is my opinion that this idea, once we have finally discovered it, will be so compelling, so beautiful, that we will say to one another, yes, how could it have been any different.” “Nothing is more important about quantum physics than this: It has destroyed the concept of the world as ‘sitting out there’. The universe afterwards will never be the same.” John Archibald Wheeler “A scientific world-view which does not profoundly come to terms with the problem of conscious minds can have no serious pretensions of completeness. Consciousness is part of our universe, so any physical theory which makes no proper place for it falls fundamentally short of providing a genuine description of the world.” Roger Penrose “Every great and deep difficulty bears in itself its own solution. It forces us to change our thinking in order to find it.” “Everything we call real is made of things that cannot be regarded as real.” “Nothing exists until it is measured.” “When we measure something we are forcing an undetermined, undefined world to assume an experimental value. We are not measuring the world, we are creating it.” Niels Bohr 6 “A careful analysis of the process of observation in atomic physics has shown that the subatomic particles have no meaning as isolated entities, but can only be understood as interconnections between the preparation of an experiment and the subsequent measurement.” “I am now convinced that theoretical physics is actually philosophy.” Max Born “I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivative from consciousness.” Max Planck “Could it be that consciousness is an equally important part of the consistent picture of our world, despite the fact that so far one could safely ignore it in the description of the well-studied physical processes? Will it not turn out, with the further development of science, that the study of the universe and the study of consciousness are inseparably linked, and that ultimate progress in the one will be impossible without progress in the other?” “Avoiding the concept of consciousness in quantum cosmology may lead to an artificial narrowing of our outlook.” Andrei Linde The author with the German version of Penrose’s “Shadows of the Mind” Greece; August 2005; The birth month of space particle dualism theory. 7 “We have to know, we will know.” David Hilbert TABLE OF CONTENTS Personal background 9 Overview 12 1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE THEORY 1.1 One world, two views 14 1.2 Similar-worlds interpretation – What is a superposition? 16 1.3 Space particle dualism theory – What is it that is bending? 29 2. IMPLICATIONS FOR QUANTUM MECHANICS 2.1 The measurement problem in detail 38 2.2 On the nature of reality 46 2.3 The different interpretations of quantum mechanics 51 2.4 Using quantum erasers to test animal or robot consciousness 64 2.5 Nonlocal perturbation as a means of probing the wavefunction collapse 72 3. IMPLICATIONS FOR PARTICLE PHYSICS 3.1 Minimal mass for a black hole with Hawking radiation 76 3.2 Gravity shields itself off 78 3.3 The old source-surface model 80 3.4 Symmetry groups 83 3.5 The bizarre nature of quantum spin 86 3.6 Dark symmetry and great unification 90 3.7 The density of space 97 3.8 Frequencies for probing space 107 3.9 Mass out of light 121 3.10 Muons and tauons as lepton conglomerates 124 3.11 Predicting the masses of the electron, the neutrino and the proton 130 3.12 Unitary rest surface, relativistic mass and special relativity 141 3.13 Probing the granularity of space with photons 145 3.14 Granular dimensionality revisted 146 4. IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMOLOGY 4.1 The entropic expansion principle 155 4.2 Entanglement and the Fermi-paradox: where are they? 166 4.3 Black hole information paradox 196 4.4 A criticism of contemporary cosmology 212 8 4.5 Cosmological thermodynamics 216 4.6 No singularities 224 4.7 Anisotropic expansion 226 4.8 Maximal density at the border of the emergent past 229 4.9 Cosmic voids 231 4.10 New minimal black hole mass 240 4.11 Black holes are eternally collapsing objects 243 4.12 The age of the universe 252 4.13 The status of energy conservation 264 4.14 Consequences of living in an old universe 273 4.15 Entropy and redshift survey to test aniso. expan. and refine age of universe 281 4.16 Testing the age of the universe using baryonic acoustic oscillations 287 4.17 Probing the SPD-specific distances using supernova data 290 4.18 The last conscious observer and biological evolution 308 5.