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Menata Angkutan Perkotaan Di Indonesia

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Menata Angkutan Perkotaan Di Indonesia Menata Angkutan Perkotaan di Indonesia Yoga Adiwinarto South East Asia Director Institute for Transportation & Development Policy Outline Permasalahan Angkutan Umum Tahapan Reformasi Angkutan Umum Studi Kasus Integrasi Transjakarta Studi Kasus Reformasi Angkot Medan 2 Permasalahan transportasi umum perkotaan 3 Masalah dalam Penyelenggaraan Angkutan Umum Saat ini ● Model Bisnis yang Informal ● Kualitas Armada yang Dibawah Standar ● Kompetisi Antara Industri Angkutan Umum ● Performa Operasional yang Dibawah Armada Angkot yang sudah tua. Sumber: Standar ITDP Indonesia ● Tarif Angkutan Umum yang Tidak Terintegrasi ● Kondisi Infrastruktur yang Dibawah Standar Bus Metromini. Sumber: ITDP Indonesia 4 Mode Share di 2 Kota Besar di Indonesia Medan Semarang 5 BRT sebagai Solusi MENGAPA? Dari perspektif penumpang: Penghematan Meminimalkan Layanan yang waktu transit lebih baik Jangkauan lebih Mengurangi luas polusi Dari perspektif teknis dan finansial: Biaya konstruksi Rp 10 Miliar hingga EFISIEN & MURAH Rp 50 Miliar per kilometer Fase desain, persiapan dan CEPAT pembangunan kurang dari 2 tahun Biaya operasional yang rendah BERKESINAMBUNG membuat tarif BRT lebih terjangkau, AN 6 dan dapat disubsidi oleh APBD Tahapan Implementasi dalam Pembenahan Angkutan Umum Thn-1 Thn-2 Thn-3 Thn-4 Thn-5 Thn-6 Thn-7 Thn-8 LRT Kajian Pra FS dan FS Konstruksi LRT beroperasi BRT Persiapan Konstruksi BRT Beroperasi Reformasi Angkot Konsolidasi Reformasi Angkutan Proses Angkutan Massal yang terintegrasi Operator Angkot Umum Integrasi beroperasi Terintegrasi dengan Beroperasi BRT Fasilitas pejalan kaki Pembenahan Trotoar secara Desain dan Fasilitas Pejalan Kaki Terbangun, Bertahap Persiapan Terutama di Sepanjang Koridor BRT 7 Reformasi Angkutan Umum Tahapan Reformasi Angkutan Umum Tahap 1 Tahap 2 Perbaikan Angkutan Umum Penyediaan Angkutan eksisting berbasis jalan Umum Massal (tiket, fisik, kelembagaan) Reformasi Industri Proses Tahapan Angkutan Umum Kriteria Pemilihan Sistem Kerangka Acuan Transisi Angkutan Massal Desain BRT Perbaikan Industri Bus Studi Analisis Tipologi Angkutan Massal Pemilihan Koridor Integrasi Tarif Pembangunan Evaluasi Implementasi Desain Sistem Kepercayaan BRT dan LRT di Indonesia Peningkatan Waktu dan Infrastruktur Efisiensi Capacity Building / Parameter Pemilihan Pelatihan Angkutan Massal Desain Station dan Akses Perbaikan Kualitas Layanan Tahap Perundingan Tipe Armada Perubahan Institusi Tahap Implementasi Operasional 9 A. Tahapan Reformasi Industri Angkutan Umum Analisis Demand Desain Kerangka Model Transisi Model Bisnis, dan Rencana Infrastruktur dan Peraturan dan Industri Finansial dan Integrasi Armada Desain Institusi Angkutan Umum Operasional ● Analisis demand ● Perencanaan ● Analisis peraturan ● Analisis stakeholder ● Model konsesi eksisting kebutuhan eksisting dan ● Kerangka kontrak kerjasama ● Analisis rute infrastruktur (Halte masalah institusi untuk sistem baru ● Skema tarif dan angkutan umum / tempat berhenti, ● Kebutuhan ● Merancang strategi subsidi eksisting terminal, depo) kebijakan dan untuk bernegosiasi ● Model pengadaan ● Perencanaan ● Perencanaan peraturan untuk ● Melakukan diskusi ● Model keuangan layanan sistem teknologi (termasuk sistem integrasi awal dengan untuk sistem baru integrasi sistem pembayaran) ● Pembentukan operator angkutan ● Skema pembiayaan ● Analisis struktur ● Kebutuhan dan institusi dan umum dan pilihan rekan tarif dan integrasi spesifikasi armada pengembangan ● Perencanaan kerjasama ● Kebutuhan kapasitas untuk mitigasi dampak infrastruktur akses mengelola sistem sosial pejalan kaki baru ● Komunikasi dan branding ● Kebijakan pendukung lainnya 10 Prinsip Dasar Reformasi Industri Angkutan Umum Adanya Institusi Tarif Angkutan Jaringan Angkutan Kualitas Layanan Industri Angkutan Pengelola Umum yang Umum yang Efisien yang Baik Umum yang Angkutan Umum Terintegrasi Profesional ● Badan Layanan ● Integrasi Tarif ● Rute yang ● Standar Pelayanan ● Manajemen Umum/UPT terintegrasi dan Minimum Operator yang ● Free-Transfer tidak tumpang profesional ● Manajemen tindih ● Mekanisme Pengelola dan ● Revenue Collection Insentif dan ● Rezim perawatan Pengawas Layanan yang Akuntabel ● Jaringan yang disinsentif yang ketat saling mengisi ● Kerangka ● Sistem kontrak ● Pelatihan dan Kerjasama ● Kepastian waktu yang berjalan baik peningkatan tempuh dan waktu kapasitas ● Mekanisme Subsidi tunggu ● Feedback dari pengguna ● Teknologi 11 B. Tahapan Transisi Industri Angkutan Umum ● Karakteristik operasional dan pendapatan Tahap I Studi ● Analisa ketenagakerjaan 3 bulan* Analisis ● Menampung aspirasi dari operator Tahap II Membangun ● Rekomendasi solusi untuk industri 6 bulan* Kepercayaan ● Mengadakan Workshop / Seminar, Pelatihan Tahap III Pembangunan ● Studi Banding 3 bulan* Kapasitas ● Perumusan hal yang dinegosiasikan Tahap IV Tahap ● Detail negosiasi atau pengumuman tender 6 bulan* Negosiasi ● Bantuan dalam persiapan Tahap V Tahap ● Pengawasan dan evaluasi 6 bulan* Implementasi *) estimasi jangka waktu pelaksanaan 12 Contoh studi kasus: Integrasi Bus Sedang dan Bus Sedang dengan Transjakarta Integrasi Bus Sedang Transjakarta ● Desember 2015 Kopaja terintegrasi secara penuh dengan Transjakarta ○ Infrastruktur ○ Badan bus Kopaja ○ Sistem pembayaran Rp/km ● Penumpang hanya membayar satu kali ● Naik-turun hanya penumpang di tempat-tempat yang sudah ditentukan ● Pramudi lebih tertib berkendara ● Semua operasional diatur di dalam KKS (kontrak kerja sama) ● 320 unit bus Kopaja terintegrasi di 6 rute OK-OTrip / JakLingko ● OK Otrip => Jak Lingko adalah model sistem integrasi tarif dan pembayaran untuk angkutan berbasis jalan di DKI Jakarta ● Kombinasi perjalanan angkot dan Transjakarta dalam kurun waktu tiga jam ● Armada dipasangi stiker dengan tarif yang terintegrasi dengan sebagai penanda angkot yang pembayaran non-tunai. terintegrasi ● Setiap angkot dipasang reader untuk penumpang tap-in dengan kartu 15 Mekanisme pembayaran tiket terusan 16 Proses Transisi Tahap 1 Tahap 2 Tahap 3 Tahap 4 Identifikasi aspek Trust & knowledge Negosiasi Implementasi reformasi angkot building 3 - 6 bulan 3 bulan 6 - 12 bulan 6 bulan ● Identifikasi masalah ● Capacity building atau ● Model bisnis ● Pilot project ● Karakteristik operasional pelatihan ● Skema pembayaran ● Pengawasan dan evaluasi dan pendapatan ● Studi banding ● Wewenang dan tanggung ● Analisis ketenagakerjaan jawab ● Perumusan solusi yang ● Mekanisme kontrol juga pro industri 17 Proses Implementasi OK-Otrip/JakLingko Studi banding ke Seoul untuk membangun Proses perumusan dan pemahaman Negosiasi dengan operator trust dan komunikasi komponen kerjasama Sumber: @fajarnugrahaini 18 Contoh studi kasus: Proses Reformasi Angkot Medan (2018 - on going) Proses Transisi Angkutan Umum di Kota Medan Dokumentasi dalam kegiatan transisi angkutan umum Kota Medan: 1 3 2016 17 April 2018 Perkenalan dengan Diskusi dengan Organda Organda Kota dan para operator untuk Medan pemahaman yang sama terkait BRT dan model bisnisnya 5 Feb 2018 2 19 - 22 April 2018 4 Diskusi dengan Pertemuan one on Organda terkait one antara ITDP dan rencana BRT di masing-masing Kota Medan operator Next Step: Sosialisasi ke Pemilik dan Sopir Angkot 20 Proses Transisi Angkutan Umum di Kota Medan Dokumentasi dalam kegiatan transisi angkutan umum Kota Medan: 5 7 23 Mei 2018 23 April 2018 Pembahasan langkah Peningkatan selanjutnya dalam kapasitas terkait pembenahan angkutan pembenahan massal di Kota Medan angkutan massal bersama Dinas Perhubungan dan Organda Kota Medan 8 7 - 9 Mei 2018 6 Juli 2018 Studi banding Pendampingan simulasi penghitungan HPS kepada operator-operator angkot di Kota Medan Next Step: Sosialisasi ke Pemilik dan Sopir Angkot 21 Kesimpulan ● LRT, Metro Kapsul atau Monorel memerlukan waktu lama dan biaya investasi yang tidak sedikit, dan masih tetap mengandalkan feeder untuk menjangkau area yang lebih luas ● Pengembangan sistem BRT merupakan pilihan paling logis untuk kota-kota besar di Indonesia ● Proses transformasi angkutan massal dapat dimulai dari reformasi angkot/angkutan umum eksisting ● Reformasi angkot perlu dimulai secepatnya, dan perlu didukung penuh oleh Walikota atau Gubernur untuk keberhasilannya 22 23.
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