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Continue Medemer is the first book by Nobel Peace Prize winner and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed since he came to power in 2018. In the book, the Prime Minister advocates a new Ethiopian approach to the country's politics, citing the last half century, when previous administrations applied successful ideologies and theories from outside that failed, being owes to Ethiopian problems and realities. Abiy calls for the reversal of the tendency to import ideologies into a renewed Ethiopian political ideology that emaves from Ethiopia's political and social context and takes advantage of the country's historical and cultural values. Price $29.94 Publisher Tsehai Publishers Publish Date October 21, 2019 Pages 248 Dimensions 5.98 X 0.56 X 9.02 inches | 0.81 pounds Amharic Type Paperback EAN/UPC 9781599072043 Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (PhD) was born in 1974 in the Jimma Zone of the region. He began his political career at the age of 15, joining the then Oromo Democratic People's Organization (OPDO) now the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), a militant group, as a radio operator. His military career included his participation as a member of the UN peacekeeping mission in Rwanda and participation in the Ethio-Eritrea border war. In 2008, he helped found the Information Network Security Agency (INSA), Ethiopia's intelligence agency, and served as one of its first directors. In 2014 he was elected a member of the Ethiopian parliament, representing the electoral district of Agaro in the Regional State of Oromia. He later also served as head of the Oromia Office of Home and Urban Development and later as vice president of the Oromia Regional. On Monday, April 2, 2018, Dr. Abiy was sworn in as prime minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. The prime minister was praised for launching rapid changes in the political space, implementing transformative movements that saw the end of twenty years of deadlock between Ethiopia and Eritrea, the release of thousands of political prisoners, the lifting of the ban on political parties and people who have been prevented from entering the country and the opening of political space in the country. On October 11, 2019, Prime Minister Abiy became the first Ethiopian leader to win the Nobel Peace Prize for his bold decisions to end the no-war, peaceless situation between Ethiopia and Eritrea, for his constructive roles in brokering peace between East African countries, and for defending democracy locally. MIDDLE EAST VISION LIST / ISLAM (14 BOOKS) Current Prime Minister of Ethiopia This article is about a person whose name includes a patronymic. The article refers appropriately to the person by his name, Abiy, and not as Ahmed. Abiy Ahmed AliAbiyi Ahmad AliiAbiy in 2019Prime Minister of EthiopiaAssumed office 2 April 2018PresidentMulatu ZewdeDe viceDemeke viceDemeke byHailemariam Desalegn3rd Chairman of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic FrontIn office27 March 2018 – 1 December 2019DeputyDemeke MekonnenPreceded byHailemariam DesalegnSucceeded bypost abolishedLeader of the Oromo Democratic PartyIn office22 February 2018 – 1 December 2019DeputyLemma MegersaPreceded byLemma MegersaSucceeded bypost abolishedMinister of Science and TechnologyIn office6 October 2015 – 1 November 2016Prime MinisterHailemariam DesalegnPreceded byDemitu HambisaSucceeded byGetahun MekuriaDirector General of the Information Network Security AgencyActingIn office2008–2015Preceded byTeklebirhan WoldearegaySucceeded byTemesgen Tiruneh Personal detailsBornAbiy Ahmed Ali (1976-08-15) 15 August 1976 (age 44)Beshasha, Jimma, EthiopiaPolitical partyProsperity PartyOther politicalaffiliationsEthiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic FrontOromo Democratic PartySpouse(s)Zinash TayachewChildren4EducationMicrolink Information Technology College (BA)University of Greenwich (MA)Ashland University (MBA)Addis Ababa University (PhD)AwardsNobel Peace Prize (2019)Websitepmo.gov.et/pm/Military serviceAllegiance EthiopiaBranch/serviceEthiopian ArmyYears of service1991–2010Rank Lieutenant ColonelUnitArmy Signals CorpsCommandsInformation Network Security AgencyBattles/warsEthiopian Civil WarUnited Nations Assistance Mission for RwandaEritrean–Ethiopian War Abiy Ahmed Ali (Oromo C: Abiyi Ahmad Alii; ge'ez: ዐቢይ አህመድ አሊ; Born on 15 August 1976) is an Ethiopian politician who has served as the 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia since 2 April 2018. He is the first Oromo president of the Revolutionary Democratic Front of the Ethiopian People [3] of the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), which is one of the four coalition parties of the EPRDF. [4] Abiy is also an elected member of the Ethiopian parliament, and a member of the executive committees of the ODP and the EPRDF. A former army intelligence officer since becoming Prime Minister Abiy has launched a broad program of political and economic reforms,[5] and has worked to broker peace agreements in Eritrea, South Sudan, and a transition agreement in the Republic of Sudan. Abiy received the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize for her work at the end of the 20-year territorial standoff between Ethiopia and Eritrea. [6] Personal life Early in life, Abiy Ahmed was born in the small town of Beshasha, located near Agaro, Oromia. [9] His late father, Ahmed Ali, was a Muslim Oromo[11] (and had four wives[12]), while his late mother, Tezeta Wolde, was a Christian Oromo. [14] Although some sources claim that her mother was an ethnic amhara,[15][16] Abiy said in an interview with the Oromia Broadcasting Network that both her parents are Oromo and stated that no one is given and taken by Oromummaa. [14] Abiy's father was a typical Ethiopian farmer and was just to speak Oromo while Tezeta was a fluent oromo and amharic speaker. [14] Abiy is the 13th son of his father and the sixth and youngest son of his mother, the fourth of his father's four wives. [15] His childhood name was Abiyot. The name was sometimes given to children after the Derg revolution of 1974. [7] Abiyot then went to the local primary school and later continued his studies in secondary schools in the city of Agaro. Abiy, according to various personal accounts, was always very interested in his own education and later in his life also encouraged others to learn and improve. [7] Religion Abiy is a devout Protestant,[17] born to a Muslim father and a Christian mother of the Tewahedo Ethiopian Orthodox Church. He was raised in a family of religious plurality. He, along with his entire family, is a regular participant in the church, and Abiy also occasionally teaches preaching and teaching the Gospel in the Church of The Faithful of the Full Gospel of Ethiopia. His wife Zinash Tayachew is also a devout Protestant Christian who teaches in her church as a gospel singer. Abiy often stresses the importance of faith and, as a result, almost all religious communities are enjoying greater liberality in their mandate. The 4 major state television stations (ETV (Ethiopia), Walta TV, Addis TV and Fana TV) have aired religious services almost every day since the beginning of COVID-19. Education While serving in the Ethiopian National Defense Force, Abiy received her first degree, a bachelor's degree in computer engineering[18] from Microlink Information Technology College in Ababa In 2009. [19] Abiy holds a master's degree in arts in transformative leadership[18] obtained from the Business School of the University of Greenwich, London, in collaboration with the International Leadership Institute, Addis Ababa, in 2011. He also holds a Master's degree in Business Administration[18] from leadstar College of Management and Leadership in Ababa in partnership with Ashland University in 2013. [19] Abiy, who had begun her ph.D. in philosophy work several years ago as a regular student,[20] completed her phD in 2017 at the Institute for Peace and Security Studies at the University of Ababa. He did his doctoral work in the Constituency of Agaro with the doctoral thesis entitled Social Capital and its Role in the Traditional Conflict Resolution in Ethiopia: the case of interreligious conflict in the state of jimma area. As a follow-up to his doctoral thesis, he published a research paper on de-escalation strategies in the Horn of Africa in a special magazine issue dedicated to combating violent extremism. [21] Other aspects abiy met and married his wife, Zinash Tayachew, an amhara woman from Gondar,[22][7][15] while both were serving in the Forces Defense of Ethiopia. They are parents of three daughters and a newly adopted son. [23] Abiy is is and speaks Afaan Oromo, Amharic, Tigrinya language and English. [24] He is a fitness aficionado and professes that physical health goes hand in hand with mental health and as such attends physical and fitness activities in Ababa. [23] Abiy is a devout evangelical Pentecostal Christian of the Church of Full Gospel Believers. [17] As such, he believes he is doing God's work by promoting peace and reconciliation. [25] Military career In adolescence and early 1991,[26] he joined the armed struggle against the Marxist-Leninist regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam after the death of his older brother. He did so as a member of the ODP (Oromo Democratic Party), which at the time was a small organization of only about 200 fighters in the large coalition army of about 100,000 fighters that resulted in the fall of the regime later that year. [23] As there were only so few ODP fighters in an army with its core of about 90,000 tigrayans, Abiy quickly had to learn the Tigrinya language. As Tigrinya's valedictorian in a security guard dominated by Tigrayans, he could move on with his military career. [24] After the fall of the Derg, he had formal military training from the Assefa Brigade in West Wollega and was stationed there. Later, in 1993, he became a soldier in the now Ethiopian National Defense Force and worked primarily in the intelligence and communications departments. In 1995, after the rwandan genocide, he was seconded as a member of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force (UNAMIR), Kigali, Rwanda. [27] In the Ethio-Eritrean War between 1998 and 2000, he led an intelligence team to discover positions of the Eritrean Defense Forces. Abiy was later sent back to his hometown of Beshasha, where he – as a Defense Forces officer – had to deal with a critical situation of interreligious clashes between Muslims and Christians with a series of deaths. [29] He brought calm and peace in a situation of community tensions that accompany the clashes. [24] In later years, after his election as deputy, he continued these efforts to provoke reconciliation between religions through the creation of the Religious Forum for Peace. In 2008, Abiy was one of the co-founders of the Ethiopian Information Network Security Agency (INSA), where he worked in different positions. For two years, he was acting director of INSA due to the director's license. [7] In this role, he was a member of the board of several government agencies working on information and communications, such as Ethio Telecom and Ethiopian Television. He attained the rank of lieutenant colonel[21][24] before deciding in 2010 to leave the army and his post as deputy director of insa (Information Network Security Agency) to become a politician. Political career Member of Parliament Abiy his political career as a member of the ODP (Democratic Oromo Democrata The ODP has been the ruling party in the Oromia region since 1991 and also one of the four coalition parties of ethiopia's dominant coalition, the EPRDF (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front). He became a member of the ODP Central Committee and a member of the EPRDF Executive Committee – in quick succession. [24] In the 2010 national elections, Abiy represented the woreda of Agaro and became an elected member of the House of Peoples' Representatives, the lower house of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly of Ethiopia. Before and during his time of parliamentary service, there were several religious clashes between Muslims and Christians in the Jimma area. Some of these clashes turned violent and resulted in the loss of lives and property. Abiy, as an elected member of parliament, has taken a proactive role in working with various religious institutions and elders to bring reconciliation into the area. He helped create a forum entitled Religious Forum for Peace, a result of the need to create a sustainable resolution mechanism to restore peaceful interaction between the Muslim-Christian community in the region. In 2014, during his time in parliament, Abiy became director general of a new government research institute called the Science and Technology Information Center (STIC). [7] The following year, Abiy became an executive member of the ODP. In the same year he was elected to the House of Representatives for a second term, this time for his house of Gomma. [32] Rise to power As of 2015, Abiy became one of the central figures in the violent struggle against illegal land grabbing activities in the Oromia region and especially around Ababa. Although the Ababa Master Plan at the center of land grabbing plans was halted in 2016, disputes continued for some time resulting in injuries and deaths. It was this fight against land grabbing that finally boosted Abiy Ahmed's political career, brought him into the spotlight and allowed him to climb the political ladder. In October 2015, Abiy became Ethiopia's Minister of Science and Technology (MoST), a position he left after just 12 months. As of October 2016, Abiy served as vice president of the Oromia region as part of the team of Oromia region President Lemma Megersa while he remained a member of the Ethiopian Federal Chamber of Deputies. [35] Abiy Ahmed also became the head of the Office of Urban Development and Oromia Planning. In this role, Abiy was expected to be the main driving force behind the Oromia Economic Revolution, land reform and Oromia Investment, youth employment and resistance to widespread land grabbing in the Oromia region. As one of his duties in office, he took care of the one million displaced oromo displaced from the Somali region of the 2017 unrest. [37] As head of the October 2017, Abiy crossed religious and ethnic divisions to facilitate the formation of a new alliance between Oromo and the Amhara groups, both with two-thirds of Ethiopia's 100 million inhabitants. In early 2018, many political observers considered Abiy and Lemma Megersa to be the most popular politicians within the Oromo community, as well as other Ethiopian communities. [40] This came after several years of unrest in Ethiopia. But despite this favorable rating for Abiy Ahmed and Lemma Megersa, the youth of the Oromia region called for immediate action without delay to bring fundamental change and freedom to the Oromia Region and Ethiopia – otherwise more unrest was to be expected. [33] According to Abiy himself, people are calling for different rhetoric, with an open and respectful discussion in the political space to allow political progress and win people over to democracy rather than push them. Until early 2018, Abiy continued to serve as head of the Secretariat of the ODP and the Office of Housing and Urban Development of Oromia and as Vice President of the Oromia Region. He left all these posts after his election as leader of the EPRDF. [34] EPRDF leadership election After three years of protests and unrest on February 15, 2018, Ethiopian Prime Minister announced his resignation – which included his resignation as president of the EPRDF. Historically, the president of the EPRDF is the next prime minister. The president of the EPRDF, on the other hand, is one of the heads of the four parties that make up the governing coalition: ODP, ADP, SEPDM and TPLF. Hailemariam's resignation triggered the first disputed leadership election among members of the EPRDF coalition to replace him. Many political observers have made Lemma Megersa (president of the ODP) and Abiy Ahmed the first to become the leader of the ruling coalition and eventually the Prime Minister of Ethiopia. Despite being the clear favourite of the general public, Lemma Megersa was not a member of the national parliament, a requirement to become prime minister as required by the Ethiopian constitution. That's why Lemma Megersa was excluded from the race for the lead. On February 22, 2018, Lemma Megersa's party, ODP, convened an emergency executive committee meeting and replaced him as ODP chairman with Abiy Ahmed, who was a member of Parliament. Some observers saw this as a strategic move by the ODP to maintain its leadership role within the coalition and promote Abiy Ahmed to become prime minister. [32] On March 1, 2018, the 180 members of the EPRDF executive committee began their meeting to elect the party leader. Each of the four parties sent 45 members. The leadership contest was between Abiy Ahmed of the ODP, , the and leader of ADP, Shiferaw Shigute as president of SEPDM and Debretsion Debretsion as tplf leader. Despite being the overwhelming favorite of most Ethiopians, Abiy Ahmed faced strong opposition from TPLF and SEPDM members during leadership discussions. On March 27, 2018, just hours before the start of the leadership elections, Demeke Mekonnen, who had been seen as Abiy Ahmed's main opponent, dropped out of the race. Many observers saw this as an endorsement of Abiy Ahmed. Demeke was then approved as deputy prime minister and got another term. After Demeke's departure, Abiy Ahmed received a presumably unanimous vote from the executive members of the ADP and the ODP, with 18 additional votes in a secret vote coming from elsewhere. At midnight, Abiy Ahmed was declared president of ethiopia's ruling coalition, the EPRDF, and was considered ethiopia's designated prime minister, receiving 108 votes, while Shiferaw Shigute received 58 and received 2 votes. [3] On 2 April 2018, Abiy Ahmed was elected Prime Minister of Ethiopia by the House of Representatives and sworn in. [2] Prime Minister of Ethiopia On 2 April 2018, Abiy was confirmed and sworn in by the Ethiopian parliament as Prime Minister of Ethiopia. During his acceptance speech, he promised political reform; promoting ethiopian unity and unity among the peoples of Ethiopia; to reach the Eritrean government to resolve the border conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia after the Eritrea-Ethiopia War and also to reach out to political opposition inside and outside Ethiopia. His acceptance speech provoked optimism and received an extremely positive reaction from the Ethiopian public, including opposition groups inside and outside Ethiopia. After his speech, his popularity and support across the country reached an all-time high and some political observers argued that Abiy was overwhelmingly more popular than the ruling party's coalition, the EPRDF. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed delivered his acceptance speech after receiving the Nobel Prize for Domestic Political Peace Since taking office in April 2018, Abiy's government has presided over the release of thousands of political prisoners from Ethiopian prisons and the rapid opening of the country's political landscape. [47] In May 2018 alone, the Oromo region pardoned more than 7,600 prisoners. [48] On May 29, Ginbot 7 leader Andargachew Tsege, facing the death penalty on terrorism charges, was released after being pardoned by President Mulatu Teshome, along with 575 other detainees. [49] On the same day, charges were dropped against Andargachew's colleague Berhanu Nega and oromo dissident and public intellectual Jawar Mohammed, as well as his Us-affiliated satellite television networks ESAT and OMN. Shortly after, Abiy took the unprecedented and previously unimaginable step of meeting with Andargachew, 24 hours earlier had been on death row in his office, and then a move that even critics of the ruling party called bold and remarkable. [51] Abiy had previously met with former leaders of the Oromo Liberation Front, including founder Lencho Letta, who had committed to peaceful participation in the political process upon his arrival at Bole International Airport. [52] On May 30, 2018, it was announced that the ruling party would amend the country's draconian anti-terrorism law, widely perceived as a tool of political repression. On June 1, 2018, Abiy announced that the government would seek to end the state of emergency two months before the end of its six-month term, citing an improvement in domestic situation. On 4 June 2018, Parliament passed the necessary legislation, ending the state of emergency. In her first briefing to House representatives in June 2018, Abiy countered criticism of the release of terrorists convicted by her government, which according to the opposition is just a name the EDF gives you if you are part of or even meet with the opposition. He argued that the policies that sanctioned arbitrary detention and torture constituted extra-constitutional acts of terror designed to suppress the opposition. [53] This followed the additional pardon of 304 prisoners (289 of whom had been convicted of terrorism-related charges) on June 15. [54] The pace of reforms revealed fissures within the ruling coalition, with the hardliners in the army and the then dominant TPLF said to be boiling at the end of the state of emergency and the release of political prisoners. [55] These hardliners, centered around TPLF chief Debretsion Gebremichael, had grown to deeply rein at the leadership of Abiy's predecessor, Hailemariam (sometimes supposedly bringing him to the brink of tears), and hoped to put a more assertive figure in the prime minister's office willing to act with an iron fist rather than a reformist. [56] An editorial on the formerly pro-government website Tigrai Online arguing for maintaining the state of emergency gave voice to that sentiment, saying abiy was doing it too fast. [57] Another article critical of the release of political prisoners suggested that Ethiopia's criminal justice system had become a revolving door and that Abiy's administration was inexplicably rushing to pardon and release thousands of prisoners, including many deadly criminals and dangerous arsonists. [58] On June 13, 2018, the TPLF executive committee denounced the decisions to deliver Badme and privatize the SOEs as fundamentally flawed, saying that the ruling coalition suffered from a fundamental leadership deficit. [59] Transparency In 2018, to expand in Ethiopia, Abiy invited the exiled media to return. [61] [61] [63] [64] [66] However, since taking office in April 2018, Abiy himself has he held a press conference on August 25, 2018 and about five months after taking office, where he answered questions from journalists. As of March 21, 2019,[update] he did not give another press conference where he did not refuse to answer questions from journalists (instead of reading prepared statements). [69] In his briefing to parliament on June 18, 2018, Abiy announced that he would create a commission aimed at reviewing the divisive system of ethnic federalism, which he said was failing to adequately address the proliferation of localized disputes over which particular ethnicgroups were entitled to control certain cities and districts, potentially paving the way for comprehensive constitutional reform. [70] Abiy's economic reforms announced that state-owned companies such as Ethiopian Airlines should be partially or fully privatized. In June 2018, the ruling coalition announced its intention to seek large-scale privatization of state-owned enterprises and the liberalization of several important economic sectors long considered off-limits, marking a marked change in the country's state-driven development model. [71] State monopolies in the telecommunications, aviation, electricity and logistics sectors should be closed and these industries have opened up to private sector competition. [72] Shares of state-owned enterprises in these sectors, including Ethiopian Airlines, Africa's largest and most profitable, should be offered for purchase to domestic and foreign investors, although the government continues to hold a majority stake in those companies, thus maintaining control of the economy's command heights. [73] State-owned enterprises in sectors considered less critical, including railway operators, sugar, industrial parks, hotels and various manufacturing companies, can be fully privatised. [74] In addition to representing an ideological shift in relation to opinions about the degree of government control over the economy, the move was seen as a pragmatic measure aimed at improving the country's shrinking foreign exchange reserves, which by the end of fiscal 2017 were equal in value to less than two months of imports, as well as easing its growing sovereign debt burden. [73] In June 2018, Abiy announced the government's intention to establish an Ethiopian stock exchange in conjunction with the privatization of state-owned enterprises. [70] As of 2015, Ethiopia was the largest country in the world, both in terms of population and gross domestic product, without a stock exchange. [75] Foreign policy Abiy and Israeli President Reuven Rivlin in May 2018 Abiy and Russian President Vladimir Putin at the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi in October 2019 Abiy with U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in February 2020 May 2018, Abiy visited Saudi Arabia, receiving guarantees for the release of Ethiopian Ethiopian prisoners Billionaire businessman Mohammed Hussein Al Amoudi, who was detained after the purge of Saudi Arabia in 2017. In June 2018, he met with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in Cairo and separately brokered a meeting in Ababa alhim between South Sudan's President Salva Kiir and rebel leader Rieck Machar in an attempt to encourage peace talks. [76] Djibouti and port agreements Since taking power, Abiy has followed a policy of expanding Ethiopia's access to ports in the Horn of Africa region. Shortly before his tenure, it was announced that the Ethiopian government would take a 19% stake in the Port of Berbera, in the unrecognized Republic of Somaliland, as part of a joint venture with DP World. In May 2018, Ethiopia signed an agreement with the Djibouti government to take an ownership stake in the Port of Djibouti, allowing Ethiopia to have an opinion on port development and the definition of port handling charges. [78] Two days later, a similar agreement was signed with the Sudanese government granting Ethiopia an ownership stake in the Port of Sudan. The Ethio-Djibouti agreement grants the Djiboutian government the option of taking stakes in Ethiopian state-owned companies in exchange, such as Ethiopian Airlines and Ethio Telecom. [79] This, in turn, was followed shortly thereafter by an announcement that Abiy and Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta had reached an agreement to build an Ethiopian logistics facility at Lamu Port as part of the Lamu-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET) project. [80] The potential normalization of Ethiopia-Eritrean relations also opens up the possibility for Ethiopia to resume using the ports of Massawa and Asseb, which, prior to the Ethio-Eritrea conflict, were its main ports, which would be of particular benefit to the northern . [71] All these developments would reduce Ethiopian dependence on the port of Djibouti, which since 1998 has handled almost all of Ethiopia's maritime traffic. [79] Eritrea Main articles: Eritrea-Ethiopia relations and the Eritrea-Ethiopia 2018 Summit upon taking office, Abiy declared his willingness to negotiate an end to the Ethio-Eritrean conflict. In June 2018, it was announced that the government had agreed to hand over the disputed border town of Badme to Eritrea, thus complying with the terms of the 2000 Algiers Agreement to end the state of tension between Eritrea and Ethiopia that had persisted despite the end of hostilities during the Ethiopia-Eritrea war. [71] Ethiopia has so far rejected the International Border Commission's decision to Order Eritrea to Be Desferal. , resulting in a frozen conflict (popularly called a no-war but no-peace policy) between the two states. During the national celebration on 20 June 2018, the Eritrea, Isaias Afwerki, accepted the peace initiative attacker by Abiy and suggested that he would send a delegation to Adis Ababa. On June 26, 2018, Eritrean Foreign Minister Osman Saleh Mohammed visited Ababa in Eritrea's first high-level delegation to Ethiopia in more than two decades. In Asmara on July 8, 2018, Abiy became the first Ethiopian leader to meet with an Eritrean counterpart in more than two decades at the 2018 Eritrea-Ethiopia summit. [84] The following day, the two signed a Joint Declaration of Peace and Friendship declaring an end to tensions and agreeing, among other matters, to re-establish diplomatic relations; reopen direct telecommunications, roads and aviation links; and facilitate ethiopian use of the ports of Massawa and Asseb. [86] Abiy received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019 for her efforts to end the war. [6] In practice, the agreement was described as largely unimplemented. Critics say nothing has changed between the two nations. Among the Eritrean diaspora, many expressed disapproval of the Nobel Peace Prize with a focus on the agreement with Eritrea, when so little had changed in practice. In July 2020, the Eritrean Ministry of Information said: Two years after the signing of the Peace Agreement, Ethiopian troops remain present in our sovereign territories, the commercial and economic ties of both countries have not resumed in the desired extent or scale. [89] Egypt The dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia over ethiopia's Great Renaissance Dam has become a national concern in both countries. [90] Ahmed warned: No force can prevent Ethiopia from building a dam. If there is a need to go to war, we may have millions readied. After the assassination of activist, singer and political icon Hachalu Hundessa unleashed violence in Addis Ababa and other Ethiopian cities, Abiy insisted, without obvious suspects or clear motives for the murder, that Hundessa may have been murdered by Egyptian security agents acting on orders from Cairo to cause trouble. An Egyptian diplomat responded by saying that Egypt has nothing to do with current tensions in Ethiopia. [94] Ian Bremmer wrote in a Time magazine article that Prime Minister Abiy may be just looking for a scapegoat who can unite ethiopians against a perceived common enemy. [93] Religious harmony Ethiopia is a country of various religious groups, mainly Christian and Muslim communities. Both interreligious divisions and conflicts and conflicts were a major concern, where both the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Ethiopian Islamic Council experienced religious and administrative divisions and conflicts. [95] In 2018, he received a special peace and reconciliation award from the Ethiopian Church for his work in reconciling rival factions within the church. [97] Reform of the with military commanders in February 2019 In June 2018, Abiy, speaking with the senior the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) declared its intention to carry out reforms of the military to strengthen its effectiveness and professionalism, with the aim of limiting its role in politics. This followed new calls in both Ethiopia and international human rights groups, namely Amnesty International, to dissolve highly controversial regional militias such as the Liyyu force. [98] This move is considered likely to face resistance from hard-liners TPLF, who occupy much of the military high command. Notably, he also called for the eventual reconstitution of the Ethiopian Navy, dissolved in 1996 after the secession of Eritrea after an extraterritorial stay in Djibouti, saying that we should build our naval force capacity in the future. [100] It was reported that this movement would appeal to nationalists who were still dodging the loss of the country's coastline 25 years earlier. Ethiopia already has a maritime training institute on Lake Tana, as well as a national shipping line. On June 7, 2018, Abiy conducted a major security officer overhaul, replacing ENDF Chief of Staff Samora Yunis, Lieutenant General Se'are Mekonnen, The Director of the National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS), Getachew Assefa, with Lieutenant General Adem Mohammed, National Security Adviser and former Army Chief Abadula Gemeda, and Sebhat Nega, one of the founders of TPLF and director general of the Institute for Strategic Research for Foreign Relations[101][102] Sebhat's retirements had been announced earlier in May. [103] Grenade attack A large peaceful demonstration was organized in Ababa Ababa in Meskel Square on June 23, 2018 to show support for the new prime minister. Shortly after Abiy finished addressing the crowd a grenade was thrown and landed just 17 meters from where he and other senior officials were sitting. Two people died and more than 165 were injured. After the attack, nine police officers were detained, including Deputy Police Commissioner Girma Kassa, who was fired immediately. Questions were asked about how a police car carrying attackers got so close to the prime minister and soon after the car was set on fire destroying evidence. After the attack, the prime minister addressed the nation on national television unharmed by the blast and described it as an unsuccessful attempt by forces that do not want to see Ethiopia united. On the same day, the Prime Minister made an unannounced visit to the Black Lion General Hospital to find the victims of the attack. [105] [106] Recasting the cabinet At the parliamentary session held on October 16, 2018, Abiy proposed reducing the number of ministries from 28 to 20 with half of the positions of female ministers, a first in the country's history. [108] The new of the cabinet included the first female president, Sahle-Work Zewde; the first female female Ministry of Defense, Aisha Mohammed Musa; [109] The first female minister of the new Ministry of Peace, Muferiat Kamil, responsible for the Ethiopian Federal Police and intelligence agencies; the first female press secretary for the Prime Minister's Office, Billene Seyoum Woldeyes. [110] Growing ethnic unrest The change of internal political power has created fears for the Tigrayans, and anti-Tigrayan sentiments have led to violence, people told IRIN, from barricaded roads and fort traffic to raids and attacks on tigrayan homes and businesses in the Amhara and Oromia regions. Tens of thousands of Ethiopian Tigris have been displaced from their homes (or killed) due to ethnic violence since Abiy took office. [111] Since Abiy's election in 2018, about 1.5 million Ethiopians have been forced out of their homes by ethnic violence – the highest number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) of any country in 2018. [119] Some of the worst calamities were in the south, where more than 800,000 Ethiopian gedeos [122] fled the Western Guji district amid the persecution by the Oromo Liberation Front. Abiy's government has been accused by humanitarian groups of ignoring ethnic violence and withretaining the help of gedeon refugees. [123] In September 2018, pogroms in the town of Burayu, near Ababa, killed 65 people. [125] In northern Ethiopia, and especially in Tigray, which was the birthplace of the successful uprising against the Derg that in 1991 put into practice the current governing coalition, there are reports of growing anger and ethnic tension as the unrest of Abiy of the Ethiopian state, which targets the tigrayans in the early positions, is widely seen as biased and vindictive. [126] Government spokesmen have shot that there are many former officials accused of amassing billions in recent decades who are wanted by police on corruption charges and that many of these defendants come from the ruling Tigrayan elite of recent decades. These legal proceedings are sometimes confused with ethnic persecution, especially by those former employees who fear persecution. [127] Gebremichael Debretsion, acting president of the Tigray Region and currently president of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and part of the ruling Coalition of the EPRDF, he was denounced as having accused Prime Minister Abiy of conducting ethnic profiles in the name of fighting corruption and described the recent arrests of senior military officials as being politically motivated and implemented along ethnic lines and his criticisms are echoed by other prominent TPLF members and Tigray people. [131] A local university law professor with whom Irin talked, added and said there are a lot of [lies] and propaganda, and tplf was done for all vices. [111] Abiy also fired about 160 tigrayan army generals and much lower army officers in their reforms. In an interview with london's Financial Times in March 2019, Debretsion Gebremichael said that focusing on an ethnic group is dangerous, when talking about Abiy's crackdown on tigray government workers and politicians, and the fact that Abiy is calling them daytime hyenas (a phrase being interpreted as an ethnic slander). [132] Internet shutdowns According to the NGO NetBlocks, politically motivated Internet outages have intensified in severity and duration under the leadership of Abiy Ahmed, despite the country's rapid digitization and dependence on cellular internet connectivity in recent years. [133] By 2020, Internet outages by the Ethiopian government were described as frequently deployed. Access Now said in a statement that the shutdowns have become an access tool for authorities to gag unrest and activism. [134] Reform of the political party On November 21, 2019, following the approval of the ruling coalition of the EPRDF, a new party, the , is formed by merging three of the four parties that make up the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) and five other affiliated parties. Parties include the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), the Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), the Harari National League (HNL), the Democratic Party of the Somali Peoples (ESPDP), the National Democratic Party Afar (ANDP), the Gambella People's Unity Party (GPUP) and the Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Party (BGPDP). The newly merged party's programs and statutes were first approved by the EPRDF executive committee. Abiy believes that the Prosperity Party is committed to strengthening and implementing a true federal system that recognizes the diversity and contributions of all Ethiopians. [135] Abiy's political positions were described as a liberal populist by academic and journalist Abiye Teklemariam and influential Oromo activist Jawar Mohammed. Journalist Michela Wrong, a longtime observer of Ethiopian politics, wrote that she resembles Trump and Vladimir Putin, populists who use jingoistic appeals to nationalism to truncate or supplant internal political debate and institutional processes. Alemayehu Weldemariam, a U.S.-based Ethiopian lawyer and public intellectual, called Abiy an opportunistic populist vying for power on a democratizing platform. [137] On the other hand, Tom Gardner argues in a foreign policy article that he is not a populist, but more of a liberal Democrat. However, he acknowledges that Abiy has occasionally used language that can be read as conspiratorial, and may have exploited the vulnerabilities of the system, as a flexible and judiciary, for their own purposes. [137] Award AwardIng Date Most Excellent Order of the Pearl of Africa: Grand Master[138] Uganda 9 June 2018 Order of the Zayed Medal[139] Crown Prince of the United Arab Emirates 24 July 2018 High Prize of the Peace[140] Ethiopian Orthodox Church September 9, 2018 Order of King Abdulaziz[141] Kingdom of Saudi Arabia September 16, 2018 Nominated for tipperary international peace award alongside Mary Robinson (eventual winner); Aya Chebbi; humanitarian worker in South Sudan Orla Treacy; The President of Eritrea, Isaias Afwerki; Swedish student and climate change activist Greta Thunberg and Nigerian humanitarian activist Zannah Bukar Mustapha[142] Tipperary Peace Convention November 2018 100 Most Influential Africans of 2018[143] New African magazine December 1, 2018 African do year[144] The African leadership magazine December 15, 2018 2018 100 Most Influential People 2018[145] Time Magazine 1 January 2019 100 Global Thinkers of 2019[146] Foreign Policy magazine 1 January 2019 Personality 147] AfricaNews.com 1, 2019 African Excellence Gender Award[148] African Union February 11, 2019 Humanitarian and Peacemaker Award[149] African Artists Peace Initiative March 9, 2019 Laureate of the 2019 edition of Félix Houphouët-Boigny – UNESCO Peace Prize[150] UNESCO 2 2 May 20 19 Peace Prize for Contribution of Unity to Ethiopian Muslims[151] Ethiopian Muslim Community 25 May 2019 Chatham House Prize 2019 Candidate[152] Chatham House – The Royal Institute of International Affairs July 2019 World Tourism Award 2019[153] World Tourism Forum August Hessian Peace Award 2019[15 4] Hessen State August 2019 African Association of Political Consultants Award[155] Nobel Peace Prize 2019[156] Nobel Foundation October 11, 2019 References ^ Prime Minister. 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Ahmed, a respected elder in his small town, contributed to the community by providing its own ground for service services such as clinics and telecommunications offices to be built. Aba Dabes, Aba Fita has done a lot for this city, Berhanu, who said he had known octogenarian Ahmed half a century ago, told The Reporter. ^ Endeshaw, Dawit (March 13, 2018). The rise of Abiy Abiyot Ahmed. The Reporter. Retrieved April 14, 2019. Abiy's mother, Tezeta Wolde, an Oromo[[{{subst:DATE}}|{ { {subst:DATE}}]] [deambiguation required] Christian de Burayu, Finfine Special Zone, Oromia Regional State, was Ahmed's fourth wife. Together, they have six children with Abiy being the youngest. ^ a b c OBN, Oromia. OBN Afaan Oromoo interview with Dr. Abiy Ahmed. Youtube. Retrieved on August 9, 2020. ^ a b c Dr. Abiy Ahmed's Diversity Portfolio. Satenaw news. April 1, 2018. Retrieved March 29, 2019. ^ The Guardian's view of Ethiopia: change is welcome, but it must be guaranteed. The Keeper. January 7, 2019. 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Retrieved March 25, 2019 – via YouTube. ^ a b c d e f g h Manek, Nizar (April 4, 2018). Can Abiy Ahmed save Ethiopia? Foreign Policy. Retrieved April 5, 2018. ^ The Pentecostal Faith of Abiy Ahmed. Pcpj. December 10, 2019. ^ Endeshaw, Dawit (March 31, 2018). The rise of Abiy Abiyot Ahmed. The Reporter. Retrieved March 25, 2019. For some time, the EDF was in negotiations with the LFO; in fact, the later was part of the then transitional government. OLF was, at the time, very popular in the Oromia region. However, the peaceful talks have failed to bear fruit as things turn violent. That's when alternative forces like the 's Democratic Organization (OPDO) surfaced. According to people who witnessed this critical period, the OLF had strong support in Agaro, like most parts of the Oromia region. It was at this time that Abiy's family was directly affected by the political transition in the country. Abiy's father and eldest son, Kedir Ahmed, were imprisoned for some time. Unfortunately, Kedir was killed during that time in what was believed to be a politically motivated murder, according to people close to the family. At the time, It was believed that Agaro, which now has a population of 41,085, was an OLF fortress. I think losing your brother at this age was a turning point in Abiy's life, Miftah Hudin Aba Jebel, a childhood friend of Abiy's, told The Reporter. I mean, we were young and I remember one night, Abiy asked me to join the fight, remember. To be honest, it was hard for me to understand what he was saying. According to several sources, Abiy joined the fight during early 1991, just a few months before the fall of the military regime, almost at the age of 15. At the time we were teenagers; Abiy, another young man named Komitas, who was a driver for Abadula Gemeda at the time, and I joined OPDO, Getish Mamo, then a member of the opdo music band bifttu oromia, told The Reporter. We were also close to Abadula Gemeda. 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The Federal Attorney General's Office dropped all outstanding charges against bloggers, journalists and diaspora-based media organizations, including bloggers from Zone 9, Ethiopian Satellite Television (ESAT) and the Oromia Media Network (OMN), which had previously faced accusations of violence inciting for criticizing the government... Television stations OMN and ESAT reopened in Ababa In June after requests from Prime Minister Abiy for diaspora-based television stations to return. In addition, the government has lifted obstructions to access more than 250 sites. The restriction on internet access and mobile applications introduced during the 2015 protests was also ^ Latif Dahir, Abdi (December 14, 2018). For the first time in decades, there are no Ethiopian journalists in prison. Quartz Africa. Retrieved March 21, 2019. ... Abiy Ahmed, who took over in April also freed thousands of political prisoners and journalists and fired fired against diaspora-based media. 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Retrieved January 15, 2019. ^ a b Change of power creates new tensions and tigrayan fears in Ethiopia. The New Humanitarian. February 14, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019. ... Anti-Tigrayan sentiments have already led to violence, people told IRIN, from the barricade of roads and the forced disruption of traffic to raids and attacks on tigrayan homes and businesses in the Amhara and Oromia regions. In the tigray region's capital, , more than 750 kilometres north of the political changes taking place in Ababa, many Tigrayans feel increasingly isolated from their Ethiopian counterparts. The rest of the country hates us, Weyanay Gebremedhn, 25, told IRIN. Despite the reforms, the tigrayans say that what has not changed is the narrative that they are responsible for the association for the evils of the Although he now strives to find work, Huey Berhe, 35, who does odd jobs to pay the bills, said he felt safer living among his own community in Mekelle. Huey said he had been a student at Jimma University in western Ethiopia until growing ethnic tensions sparked campus fights and led to the tigrayans being targeted. I left I left studies in Jimma after the problem there, he said. It was bad - it's not something I like to discuss. There are a lot of [lies] and propaganda, and tplf was made a scapegoat for all vices, said Gebre Weleslase, tigrayan law professor at . He criticized Abiy for not condemning ethnic attacks, which he said contributed to tens of thousands of Tigrayans leaving Amhara for Tigray in recent years. ^ International Organization for Migration, Ethiopia: Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Tigray Region, Round 14: November - December 2018 - Summary of Key Findings. Reliefweb. Retrieved April 15, 2019. ^ International Organization for Migration, Ethiopia: Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Tigray Region, Round 11: May/June 2018 - Summary of Key Findings. Reliefweb. Retrieved April 15, 2019. ^ Dimtsi Weyane TV, Documentary about Displaced Tigrayans. DW-TV Facebook page. Retrieved April 18, 2019. ^ a b Ethiopian ethnic rivalries threaten Abiy Ahmed's reform agenda. Financial Times. March 27, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019. ... For the people of the region, the unrest in Mr Abiy's Ethiopian state, which targets the tigrayans in the top positions, is widely seen as biased and vindictive. Even his encouraging speech of national unity is seen as an attack on the Federal Constitution, which returns significant powers to nine nationally defined territories, including Tigray. ^ a b The Tigray region of Ethiopia plans the 'Respect the Constitution' rally. Africa News. December 7, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2019. A rally was planned for the regional capital of Tigray, Mekelle, in northern Ethiopia on Saturday. Dubbed The Respect the Constitution, it will be the second in a space of three weeks. ^ Nearly one million displaced people in Ethnic Violence in Ethiopia (television news production with one minute and 43 seconds long) (YouTube). Ethiopia: Al Jazeera English. August 25, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2019. The International Committee of the Red Cross says nearly one million Ethiopians have been forced to flee their homes after a wave of local violence. ^ Ethiopia tops the global list of largest domestic displacement in 2018. Norwegian refugee adviser. September 12, 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2019. The conflict has removed about 1.4 million Ethiopians from their homes since the beginning of the year, according to the report. This has been largely due to new ethnic clashes in Gedeo and the Western Guji region in southern Ethiopia, and continued violence in the Oromia-Somali border region. ^ Ethnic unrest tarnishes the reforms of the new Ethiopian leader. Reuters. August 24, 2018. ^ Ethiopia's neglected crisis: it's not easy to go home to doubly displaced. The New Humanitarian. February 28, 2019. ^ Ethiopia summons donors to help repatriate millions of displaced people. 7D news. Retrieved April 16, 2019. ... Most IDPs were villages due to sporadic ethnic conflicts in recent years. About 1.5 million of them were displaced after Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed came to power in April last year. ^ Ethiopia dark side ethnic tensions of Abiy's reforms. O EastAfrican. Nairobi: Nation Media Group. June 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019. Tensions have long been rife between the groups, but last year the Oromo of West Guji attacked the Gedeo who lived by their side. The clashes led to the world's largest displacement crisis, with more than one million ethnic gedeos displaced, according to government data. ^ Gardner, Tom (March 14, 2019). Shadow falls on Ethiopia's reforms as crisis warnings are unheard of. The Keeper. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved March 23, 2019. As for Abiy himself, his most serious sin seems to be one of omission. He has not visited camps housing displaced people in Gedeo or Guji (or, supposedly, anywhere in the country) since taking office. He rightly departed from the authoritarianism of his predecessors, but could not cope with the security crisis that arose in his place. The most cynical aid workers I spoke to have suggested that he and those around him simply want to erase the issue of displaced people before it spoils the international image of the new administration. ^ Humanitarian Action for Children: ETHIOPIA. United Nations International Child Emergency Fund. Retrieved April 16, 2019. ... Refugees and internally displaced persons, particularly women and girls, need protective assistance due to reports of the unfair distribution of humanitarian resources based on ethnicity, as well as violence, rape and intimidation. Protection monitoring remains limited in Ethiopia. Seasonal floods and droughts related to climate affect specific regions, aggravating acute food insecurity, malnutrition and water scarcity, especially in pastoral and mountainous areas. ^ Tasfaye, Ermias; Manek, Nizar (September 26, 2018). Mafia murders divided the Ethiopians as political failures test Abiy's large tent. Ethiopia Insight. Retrieved August 5, 2019. ^ a b Fick, Maggie (December 16, 2018). 'No one will kneel': Tigrayans challenge as the Ethiopian leader represses. Reuters. Retrieved March 23, 2019. In the cradle of the armed struggle that propelled Ethiopia's dominant coalition to power 27 years ago, there is growing anger as the country's new prime minister stages a crackdown on the region's once powerful leaders... Now, many Tigrayan leaders are being detained or left out as reformist Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed tries to draw a line under past abuses. An adviser to Abiy told Reuters that the prime minister fired 160 army for actions he said were state terrorism. ^ Igunza, Emmanuel (November 15, 2018). Ethiopia's PM faces the military. BBC News. Retrieved October 11, 2019. ^ Ethiopia PM conducting political, ethnic witch hunt – – Chair. Africa News. 20 November 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2019. While they should have gone after an individual, they went after an ethnic group and a party... The prisons... The target of individuals accused of corruption and human rights has taken a detour and is being used to bring the Tigrayan people to their knees, Debretsion said. ^ Fick, Maggie (December 16, 2018). 'No one will kneel': Tigrayans challenge as the Ethiopian leader represses. Reuters. Retrieved March 26, 2019. There are efforts to corner the people of Tigray, said Getachew Reda, a senior Tigrayan politician and Member of the EPRDF who served as communications minister under Abiy's predecessor. But we don't believe that this will work because we are steeped in the tradition not only of defending ourselves, but also of rising to any challenge. He accused Abiy, a member of the country's largest ethnic group, the Oromo, of selective justice. The Tigrayans were angered when 60 officials, many of them from their region, were detained on suspicion of human rights abuses and corruption, he said. These included senior executives of the army-run industrial conglomerate METEC. Abiy controls the international narrative, but not necessarily the country, Getachew said. ^ Why the Tigray region is challenging Ethiopia's reforms. BBC News. Retrieved April 16, 2019. ^ Ethiopia's PM crackdown against Tigrayans – Former Minister. Africa News. December 17, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2019. ^ Ethiopian ethnic rivalries threaten Abiy Ahmed's reform agenda. Financial Times. March 27, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019. ... Focusing on an ethnic group is dangerous, said Debretsion Gebremichael, acting president of the Tigray region, who added that mr. Abiy to corruption had an anti-Tigrayan bias. Adding that you initially opposed mr. Abiy as president of the governing coalition and therefore Prime Minister last year, he said: I said to him: 'You are immature. You're not the right candidate. Abiy identifies himself as Oromo, the largest ethnic group with 35% of ethiopia's population. The prime minister in the country's history of Oromia, he is accused of provoking tensions by calling his political opponents diurnal hyenas, a phrase interpreted by some tigrayans as an ethnic slander. ^ Internet hacked in Ethiopia amid unrest after singer's death NetBlocks. June 30, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020. ^ a b Hamilton, Isobel Asher. Ethiopia's government has shut down the entire internet of the country and 80 people have been killed in protests following the murder of a popular musician. Business Insider. Retrieved July 3, 2020. ^ Ethiopia's ruling coalition agrees to form a single party before the 2020 vote. Reuters. November 21 , Retrieved january 2, 2020. ^ Wrong, Michela (September 3, 2018). Ethiopia, Eritrea and the Dangers of Reform. Survival. 60 (5): (5): doi:10.1080/00396338.2018.1518369. ISSN 0039-6338. 158759969 S2CID. ^ a b Gardner, Tom. Abiy Ahmed is not a populist. Foreign Policy. Retrieved July 2, 2020. ^ Prime Minister Abiy leaves for Uganda – exhibition page – ebc. www.ebc.et. Filed from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ Arega, Fitsum (July 24, 2018). The crown prince of hh, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, awarded the Presidential Medal, the Zayed Medal to the Prime Minister of HE, Abiy Ahmed & HE, President Isaias Afeworki for bringing peace between the two countries. This is the biggest medal in the United Arab Emirates. #Eriteria #Ethiopia #UAEpic.twitter.com/d7F4Idycu1. @fitsumaregaa. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ FBC (Fana Broadcasting Corporate S.C.). www.facebook.com. Retrieved On May 17, 2019. ^ TesfaNews (September 16, 2018). The leaders of Eritrea and Ethiopia have received the highest honor from Saudi Arabia. O TesfaNews. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ O'Brien, Tim. Mary Robinson to receive tipperary international peace award. The Irish Times. Retrieved September 3, 2019. ^ administrator. Ethiopian Prime Minister among the 100 Most Influential Africans of 2018 | nazret.com. Retrieved on May 16, 2019. ^ PM Dr. Abiy named African of the Year 2018. Mr. Fanabc. Filed from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ The 100 Most Influential People of 2019. Time. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ The 100 Global Foreign Policy Thinkers. Foreign Policy. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ AfricaNews (December 20, 2018). 2018 Personality of the Year nominated: Ethiopia PM Abiy Ahmed. Africanews. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ AfricaNews (February 12, 2019). Ethiopia PM bags 2018 African Gender Awards board. Africanews. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ Ibraheem Ceesay. www.facebook.com. Retrieved on May 16, 2019. ^ Abiy Ahmed Ali, Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia awarded the 2019 edition of the Félix Houphouët- Boigny – UNESCO Peace Prize. Unesco. May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2019. ^ PM sees Grand Iftar night for Muslim community | The Ethiopian English reporter. www.thereporterethiopia.com. Retrieved On May 27, 2019. ^ Chatham House Prize 2019 Nominees. Chatham House. Retrieved July 22, 2019. ^ Prime Minister of Ethiopia receives 2019 World Tourism Award. prensa-latina.cu. Retrieved on August 20, 2019. ^ Germany, hessenschau de, Frankfurt (August 27, 2019). Äthiopiens Hoffnungsträger Abiy erhält den Hessischen Friedenspreis. hessenschau.de (in German). Retrieved August 27, 2019. ^ Premier receives award from association of political consultants Africa. Mr. Fanabc. Filed from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved September 13, 2019. ^ The PM Ethiopia, Dr. Abiy, wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize. Mr. Fanabc. Filed from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abiy Ahmed Ali. Wikiquote has quotes related to: Abiy Ahmed Scholia has a profile for Abiy Ahmed. Office of the official website of PM Abiy Ahmed on Facebook Abiy Ahmed Ali in Nobelprize.org political offices preceded by Hailemariam Desalegn Prime Minister of Ethiopia2018 - present Incumbent recovered from

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