M a L U K U Staging Point Ri Abad 21

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M a L U K U Staging Point Ri Abad 21 M A L U K U STAGING POINT RI ABAD 21 Komarudin Watubun Penerbit YAYASAN TAMAN PUSTAKA MALUKU | STAGING POINT RI ABAD 21 Daftar Isi Sambutan Jenderal TNI (Purn) Try Sutrisno, Wakil Presiden RI ke-6 .............iii - vii Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, Kata Pengantar....................ix - x Bab 1. Maluku, RI, dan Pergeseran Pusat Ekonomi ke Asia Pasifik............................1 1.1 Pergeseran Pusat Ekonomi Dunia Awal Abad 21...........................................11 1.2 Posisi Maluku dan Republik Indonesia (RI).......................................................24 Bab 2. Gas Blok Masela, RI dan Ekonomi-Gas Asia Abad 21...................................41 2.1 Ekonomi-Gas Asia-Pasifik.....................................................................................46 2.2 Nasionalisme dan Keamanan Migas....................................................................55 i 2.3 Gas Blok Masela Maluku.......................................................................................67 Bab 3. Maluku, RI dan Geopolitik Asia Pasifik Abad 21.............................................95 3.1 Nilai Sejarah Maluku ..........................................................................................111 3.2 Strategi Jalur Sutera Tiongkok..........................................................................112 3.3 Posisi Amerika Serikat, Jepang dan ASEAN..................................................118 3.4 Posisi Maluku dan Negara RI............................................................................127 Bab 4. Ahli Asal Maluku dan Era Atom Negara RI ..................................................141 4.1 Era Atom Asia Pasifik Abad 20 – Awal abad 21...........................................149 4.2 Ahli Asal Maluku dan Awal Era Atom Negara RI.........................................167 Bab 5. Maluku: Jejak Awal Perjuangan Kemerdekaan dan Anti-Perbudakan.......187 5.1 Revolusi Melawan Kolonialisme dan Perbudakan...........................................190 MALUKU | STAGING POINT RI ABAD 21 5.2 Kolonialisme dan Penjajahan Maluku.................................................................198 5.3 Penjajahan dan Perbudakan di Maluku Awal Abad 19....................................208 5.4 Rakyat Maluku Melawan Penjajahan dan Perbudakan.....................................220 Bab 6. Rempah Maluku dan Kelahiran Jaringan Ekonomi Global Abad 16..........247 6.1 Ekspedisi Maritim Dunia Asal Portugal Ke Pusat Rempah Maluku............259 6.2 Persaingan Armada Dagang Dunia Merebut Maluku.....................................271 6.3 Rempah Maluku, VOC dan Revolusi Sistem Keuangan Dunia....................274 6.4 VOC Monopoli Perdagangan Rempah Maluku...............................................288 6.5 Rempah Maluku dan Tata-Dunia Berbasis “Knowledge Network”...........296 Bab 7. Peta Al-Idrisi, Venetia, Maluku dan Jazirah-Al-Mulk.....................................311 7.1 Peta Al-Idrisi, Saudagar Venetia dan Rempah Maluku...................................315 ii 7.2 Jazirah-Al-Mulk, Levant dan Rempah Maluku..................................................334 Bab 8. Maluku : “The Islands of Imagination”.............................................................353 8.1 Rempah-Rempah Asia : Legenda dan Mitos Sejak Pra-Masehi....................356 8.2 Maluku : “The Islands of Imagination”..............................................................374 Bab 9. Maluku : “Staging Point” Negara RI Abad 21................................................391 9.1 Filosofi, Sistem dan Strategi................................................................................395 9.2 Program Maluku Staging Point Negara RI.......................................................410 Daftar Pustaka . Indeks MALUKU | STAGING POINT RI ABAD 21 iii PB PB iv v PB PB vi vii PB viii Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Salam Sejahtera Bagi Kita Sekalian, Segala puji bagi Allah SWT, Tuhan Semesta Alam, atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya, buku “Maluku : Staging Point RI Abad 21” karya Bapak Komarudin Watubun, dapat diterbitkan untuk semakin memperkaya khasanah ilmu ix pengetahuan masyarakat Indonesia. Maluku sebagai wilayah yang memiliki nilai strategis tinggi telah tercantum dalam berbagai catatan sejarah, tidak saja karena nilai kandungan mineral dan hasil alamnya yang melimpah, namun juga karena budaya, adat istiadat, potensi wisata, serta posisinya yang sangat strategis untuk terus dikelola dan dikembangkan guna mendukung kepentingan nasional. Saat ini wilayah Maluku telah menjadi salah satu wilayah di Indonesia Timur yang memperoleh perhatian utama dari Pemerintah. Pembangunan wilayah Maluku diharapkan dapat menjadi pilar bagi tegaknya stabilitas nasional dan juga mengukuhkan posisi Indonesia agar semakin kuat di dalam percaturan ekonomi dan politik global. Oleh karena itu, komitmen Presiden Joko Widodo untuk menjadikan wilayah Maluku sebagai salah satu prioritas pembangunan adalah sangat tepat. Guna mewujudkan nilai strategis kawasan sebagaimana dimaksud penulis, stabilitas keamanan menjadi salah satu prasyarat terlaksananya pembangunan dan pengembangan wilayah Maluku. Di titik inilah keberadaan buku ini dapat memberi manfaat besar pagi personel Polri, khususnya dalam menyusun strategi pemeliharaan keamanan yang komprehensif dan betul- betul memperhatikan situasi dan potensi wilayah setempat. Seperti perlunya memperkuat sarana dan prasarana polisi perairan dan sinergi Polri dengan TNI-AL, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, serta stakeholder terkait, guna mengamankan semua sumber daya laut dan pengamanan pulau-pulau terluar. Selain itu juga perlunya implementasi pemolisian masyarakat melalui proactive policing, guna menyelesaikan permasalahan sosial di tengah masyarakat sejak dini, agar tidak berkembang menjadi gangguan kamtibmas. Saya sangat mengapresiasi terbitnya buku ini. Penulis secara lugas mengupas Maluku dari berbagai perspektif analisis. Buku ini x telah memberi jawaban dalam upaya mengetahui dan memahami Maluku secara lebih dekat, untuk selanjutnya menjadi modal berharga dalam pengembangan dan pembangunan Maluku. Demikian sambutan saya, semoga Allah SWT senantiasa memberikan bimbingan dan perlindungan kepada kita dalam melaksanakan pengabdian terbaik kepada masyarakat, Bangsa dan Negara. Sekian dan terima kasih, Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. BAB 1 MALUKU, RI, DAN PERGESERAN PUSAT EKONOMI KE ASIA-PASIFIK BAB 1 MALUKU, RI, DAN PERGESERAN PUSAT EKONOMI KE ASIA-PASIFIK Bab 1 MALUKU, RI, DAN PERGESERAN PUSAT EKONOMI KE ASIA-PASIFIK “Seorang anak kecil dapat mengatakan, bahwa pulau-pulau Jawa, Sumatera, Borneo, Selebes, Halmahera, Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, Maluku dan lain-lain pulau kecil di antaranya adalah satu kesatuan.” – Ir. Soekarno.1 “Jika dilihat dari sudut pandang ekonomi, Negara Indonesia potensial untuk menjadi titik pusat peradaban ekonomi di masa-masa datang.” - Marsekal Muda (Purn) Teddy Rusdy. 2 Suara pidato Ir. Soekarno di depan Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI) hari Jumat 1 Juni 1945 di Gedung Tyuuoo Sangi-In (kini Gedung Pejambon), Jakarta, menembus zaman sampai hari ini. Ir. Soekarno (6 Juni 1901–21 1 Juni 1970) antara lain menyebut Negara-Kebangsaan Indonesia, geopolitik, Halmahera, Irian, dan Maluku. “Kita mendirikan suatu Negara Kebangsaan Indonesia. Orang dan tempat tidak dapat dipisahkan. Bangsa Indonesia ialah seluruh manusia yang menurut geopolitik yang telah ditentukan oleh Allah s.w.t. tinggal di kesatuannya semua pulau-pulau Indonesia dari ujung utara Sumatera sampai ke Irian! Seluruhnya menjadi satu! Seorang anak kecil dapat mengatakan bahwa pulau-pulau Jawa, Sumatera, Borneo, Selebes, Halmahera, Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, Maluku dan lain-lain pulau kecil di antaranya adalah satu kesatuan,” papar Ir. Soekarno di depan Rapat Besar BPUPKI hari Jumat 1 Juni 1945 di Jakarta.3 1 Sjaafroedin Bahar, Nanie Hudawati Sinaga, Ananda B. Kusuma, et al (ed), Risalah Sidang Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI), Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) 29 Mei 1945 – 19 Agustus 1945, Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 1992, hlm. 63-64. 2 Marsekal Muda (Purn) Teddy Rusdy, “Doktrin TNI Dan Strategi Peratahanan-Keamanan Negara”, dalam Letjen TNI (Purn) Julius Henuhili : Komunikasi Strategi, Jakarta, 2014, hlm. 11. 3 Sjaafroedin Bahar et al. (1992), loc. cit. MALUKU ‘STAGING POINT’ RI ABAD 21 MALUKU ‘STAGING POINT’ RI ABAD 21 BAB 1 MALUKU, RI, DAN PERGESERAN PUSAT EKONOMI KE ASIA-PASIFIK BAB 1 MALUKU, RI, DAN PERGESERAN PUSAT EKONOMI KE ASIA-PASIFIK Hingga awal abad 21 ini, Negara-Kebangsaan Indonesia tidak steril dari pengaruh-pengaruh perubahan alam. “You can not step twice into the same river!” Kaki Anda tidak dapat menyentuh dua kali ke aliran sungai yang sama. Begitu sajak filsuf Heraclitus asal Yunani kuno tahun 535 – 475 Sebelum Masehi (SM) melukiskan kekekalan perubahan. Dulu, kini dan masa depan adalah perubahan. Karena panta rhei,, segala sesuatu selalu mengalir (rhei), bergerak dan berubah atau “everything flows” di alam semesta.4 Sedangkan ahli-ahli atom asal Yunani kuno seperti Leucipus, Democritus, ahli atom dan perwira militer Epicurus (341-270 SM) dan muridnya Hermarchus, ahli keuangan Idomeneus, Leonteus, satiris Colotes, ahli matematika Polyaenus dan Metrodorus,5 meyakini bahwa kekekalan perubahan dan peristiwa di dunia dipengaruhi oleh gerakan dan interaksi atom-atom di ruang hampa (kenos).6 “The universe is infinite and eternal, and that events in 2 the world are ultimately based on the motions and interactions of atoms
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