U. S. DEPARTMENTOF LABOR CHILDREN'S BUREAU JULTA C. LATHROP, Chiel
GCVERNMENTALPROVISIONS IN THE, UNITE,DSTATES AND FOREIGNCOUN- TR,IESFOR MEMBERSOF THE MILITARY FORCE.SAND THEIR DE,PE,NDE,NTS
PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF CAPT. S. HERBERTWOLFE, Q. M., U. S. R. DETAILED BY THE SECRF.TARYOF WAR
MISCELL-A,I\]EOUSSERIES No. | | BureauPublication No. 28
'fi/ASHIf"IGTON CO\/I]RNMENT PRINTIIT]GCFFICE' t9t7
Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University ADDITIONAL COPI!]S
OE TEIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCUBED FROII TEE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVEP"NT'IENT PRII\ITING OFFICE WASHINGTOI.I, D. C' AT 2t' CENTS PER COPY
Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University CONTENTS. t' prrge. Lefter: of transmittal- -. I Introduction---- 11 Pensions in thc llnited States- 75-26 A. Army anC Nar'_vletiremcnt, 15 R. Genelal pension laws- - v-24 DisabiUli' pt.rrsions 18 P,.,trsionsfol tleper rdt-i)t-* - . 19 tl. Service pensions- 20 Tendencies in foreign pension leqislatiorl 26 Austria- 33-41 oo .rr.llowanc<'s ..) i) Pensions- 36-.11 Disability pensions- 36 Depcnclents' Peusions 36 l.lethi,d of pr1'rncnt- . - - 39 France- .+2_67 Separati,.rnand other allolvances for families of ofEcers and rrr-enin ae[,ive B€IYr Cr'- 44_50 Assigrrcdpay-- 44 Septrrrtional lr '1ys11pp +t I{atcrnitl' br:nefits- 49 Indemnity for large faurilies l-r0 Indemnit;r for ilepenclentehildrrrr. - - - 50 I{ilitary pensionsand disabjlit_vallorva,nces- -_ 5rf60 Disability pensions- .51 Allorvancesfor temporary disabiliry. . 58 Pension righls of wiclorvs and orphanfi- - - - - 60 Proposed legislation" 6C Government reiief - - .. 62-63 fmmerliate rr:iief . 62 Pelmanent relier- 62 Special or occasional relief (secouls 6r'entuel) 62 Other relief - 63 CiriideBar'6me.--- 6:i Referenccs 66 Germany- ". 67-113 Provisiors for depcndentsof rrlenjn activtr sr:rvicr: ... 6:_72 Separation allowances 67 Assigned pay- - Tndemnity to farnilies for sonsin 1;herr^r. ll,.fy,o. Coioo;utF";;;;- i3 n-l Maternity bensfits. IL Pensions- ..._ 73-111J Disabilitypensions- --.-- 73 95 I{inimurn disability pensionfor a private- - - - 75 Maximum disability pension for a private. - - - 76 3
Providedby the Maternal and Child Health'Library,Georgetown Ufiversity Jf
CONTENTS.
Germanl -Continuecl. Pensiorrs-Continuc,:1. ltage. I)ependents'pensions -- 1i:131^n Xlinimuin rrar pcnsion for the u'idolv oi a private-. - - , 97 Ilaxirnum pension for the 'rvidow of a privatc- . - - - 97 \{inimum war pension for cirild of a privatc. -. - - 97 Maximum pension for child of a private... -. {i8 Maximun pension for a parent or granclpareni,- 98 Saurple calculation oi general pension foi'a witlon' and orphans- - - 99 l)i.*crission of forntula for a ividow's genet'lrl pcnsit.,rt- 108 l,urnp-sum pilyments 1t,19 Atjrni:ristratir-.'n-- il() ll3 Disability pensions- 1t0 l)epenclents' pensicns I 11 f,untp-surn paytnents- 111 Length of service- lI2 Itelert,nr.es r13 Great ]lritain ancl liritish coionies. - - - 113-151 GreabBritain- lt:i,136 Iriti.oduction-_-- It3 Army and Nar']' separation allol'ances I i{i Aimy and Navy disability pensions 122 l:.]0 Pcn-"ions for ofrcers t28 Pensions to clependentsof rnen deceasedin conscquenceof the rvar- l:l()-136 Depenclents of officers 134 Australia- ._._ l:l; 1.14 Sepalation allowances 137 Disabilitv pensions- 141 Pensions to depenclents of rnen rleeeasedin consequence of war------143 Ne,w.Zealand..- -_... 1{,+149 Separation allowances 114 Pensions for disabled men arid fcr the dependents of merr deceased in consequence of n'ar- 145 Lltrion of South -,tfrica- 149 Printipal soulccs of information concerning thc pension svstent" of Great Llritain and coionies of Great Britain 150 Ital1.- lll-181 Scparatiorr allox'ances 151 pe*sio's- .---- l,r.l 181 llistory and genelal statement lir4 Iletirement pensioirs - 156 Disability pensions- 158 Pensions i,o rvidows and otlrer dcpelrdelrts- - - - . f64 Other sout'cesof maintenanco- 174 A drninistration - - 174 Referencc-q t81 Netherlands------. tf t_lg5 g2 Inii.oduction-. -. l Separation allowances 182 Iletiremcnt pensions and pcnsions for disability- I 84 Pensions to u.idox's and children- - - - tBG Miscellaneorisprovisions--- 188 References lgg
Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown Unio.rsity CONTENTS. 5
, Page. Ru-ria- ----:- 196-206 Se'parationaliowances 196 Pensions- 797-24',r Disabiiity pensions- 197 Pensionsto widows and other dependents-- - - - 200 Adninistration - Ofrciai committees-...- .: - - -- 295 Referenccs 205 Srrrtzeilancl------206-211 llilitary insulanee- %A{i tlir-il in-qurance. 2IA Apr-.enclixes:Pensions in the United Siates . 2LB-237 -\. Piesent pension prcvisions for men disabted in service and for widows a,ndother dependents of men killed or dy'ing in service 213 B. Ilonthly pension rates flxed by law for pelmanent specific disabilities- 21it C. ]Ionthly pension rates fixed by administratirre ruiings for eertain dis= abilities noi specified by law- - - 2i7 D. llonthly pension rates for widows or other dependents of men killed or dy'ing as a result of seruice - 21S E. Army retirement system. Regular Army only------: - 219 F. l{avy retirement system- 22r G. Present provisions for service pensions for survivors specifie
SCEEDULES. United States: -schedule1. Ilonthly pension rates fixed by law for permanent specific ciisabilities tl Schedule 2. Pensions under public and special laws, 1911-1916 t) ta Tenclencies in fox.ign pension legislation: Schedule 3. Comparative schedule of miliiary pay of enlisted raen (lowest oo rank) and of scpaiation allowances to their depend.ents- - . - - L() Schedule 4. Comparative schedule of pensions to disabled enlisted men (lorvr:si, rank) and their clependents- - - - - 3i Scheciule 5. Comparative scheduie of pensions to dependents of enlisted men (lowest rank) killed in battle- .-r .) Austria: Schedule 6. Allorvances granted for duration of prescnt war and for six
months after its conclusion .1i) Schedule 7. Army, disability pensions (anntal amctnts) to noncommis-
sioned officers and enlistecl men- al
Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 4
CONTENTS.
Ausbria-Continued. Page. Schedule 8. Navy, disability pensions (annual amgunts) to noncommis- sioned officersand enlisted men- 38 g. Schedule Pensions (annual amounts) to widorvs and.dependents of non- eommissionedofficers and enlisted men I,'rance: Schedule10. Summaryofprovisionsforthornainteilanceofsolcliers'families. 42 Schedule11. Military pay. 45 Schedule 12. llilitary pensions 52 Schedule 13. Schedulo of indemnities (annual amounts, renewable or permanent) for temporarv or minor disabilities 58 schedule 14. Present and propostd provisions for ascenclants 6r Gcimany: Schedule 15. Pensionsfor disability or service '7 '.i schedule 16. Pcnsionable salariesof officersof the rmperial Arm.v 8tl Schedule 17. Pensionable salaries of officers and pett1, officers oi th" I*_ periai Navy- Schedule 18. Pensionablesalaries of Army officersand the annlal amolnts of pensiondue them, bonusesnot included- _- - 87 schedule 19. service pensionsfor noneommissionedofficers- 94 Schedule 20. Pensions for partial disability for noncommissioneil officers and enlisted men- Schedule 21. The general pension to widows and children of olficers and enlisted men - Schedule 22. \Yar pensions(annual amounts) to rviclowsand other depend.- 'war- ents of men dving as result of I {)0 Scheclule23. Grattiities granted to dependents of officersand enlistecl merr d-vingin the service or lvhile in rcceipt of pension 102 Schedule24. Generalpcnsion of a sergeantmajor's widow- 10s Great Britain: Schedule25. Armv, classificationof rank fcrrseparation ailorvances-..-.... l1f.) Schedule26. fu'my, rveerl Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University CONTENTS. Grea,t,Britain--Continurrd. Pagq Schedule3!t. Pensionsto dependcrntsof enlisted men cleceasedin conse- quenccof war- 133 Schedule39. Pensionsfor depenilentsof ofEcersdeceased in consequence of rvar- 138 Austra,lia: Schedule40. Australian imperial forcesdiviCecl into ciasseson the basisof Pi 1:'t8 Lrt daily pa1'subsequentto embarkltion- Scheclule41. Separationailowances for wit'es alri children of members of ihe Austraiian irnperiai forces 140 Scheclule42. Separationallorvances for wivtrsancl. children of British Armv i:eservists- 141 Schedule 43. Categor.-vof disabilities- L42 Schedule44. Pensionsfor ciisability- L42 Sctrecllle45. Pensionsto tlependentsof inen dcceasedin cbnseqrreneeof war-- 144 New Z,ea,land: Schedule46. Separatir-rnallowances for wives ancichildren of Bril,ish Army reservists 145 Schedlle 47. Classificatioloi ranlis for pensiorlplrposes- 116 Schedule48. Pensionsfor disablednicn ancitheir dependenis 1'18 Schedule4ti. Fensicnsfor depcndentsof men deceaseilin consequenceof 1/R rvar-- - Union of South .\frica: ^ro Scheduleb0. Separationallowances wives and childrcn of Rritish Army reservists 150 Sr:hedule51. Pensionsfor rlcpendentsof men deceaseclin consequenceof war. - 150 Italy: Schecluleii2. Separationallowances-- 152 Schecluleb3. A1rnv, pay of enlistedmen in active service,includingyearly irmounts for pa-Y,rations, and allowances-- 11"14 Scheilute54. Army, I'etirementperrsions for oflicers L57 Scheclule55. Fractioris to be useclin reckoning pensions for offieers 757 ,acheduleb6. Disability pensionsto offieersfor injuries inctirrod in'war-- - 160 -{ehecluleb7" "Privilegecl " pensions to nonccmmissioned officers and otlier enlisted men disabled in war- L62 .\checlule58. Pensronsto widows and other depentlentsof oflicerskilled in rvar,dying of ln.iuric:sincurred in sen'iee,dying in captivity' or mis'sing' 168 Sehedlle bg. Pensionsto widowsand other dependentsof norrconmissioned officersanC other cnlisted mcn killecl in war, dving of injuries ineurred Ir, in service, Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 8 CONTENTS. Rrissia: Page. scheduie 64. separation allorvancesto families of enlisted men- - L97 Schedule 65. Pensionsfor eniisted men_- 199 Scheclule66. Pensionstowidowsand.other dependents of solcliersorsailors kilicd in war, dying in consequeneeof injuries, or missing- 2A2 Scheciuie67. Military pay table- 203 Switzerland: Schedule68. Military insurance-- _. - 2ii3 Schedule 69. Civil insurance benefits for accidenis- - - _ 2t1 DIAGRAMS. Diagram I. United States Army ancl Navy. Number of disability pensioner.s, number of service pensioners,tctal number cf pensioners,1g60-1916_ ------. 22 Diagram II. United States Army and Nav5' pensions. Expenditure for service pensions O.' and for disability pensionspaid to sulvivors, 1960-1916- r'r) Diagram rrr. United states Army ancl Navy pensions. Expendifure for service pensionsand for disability pensionspaid to widows anclother depend- ot ents, 1860-1916- -a Diegiam IV- United States Army and Navy pensions. Amount erpenclerl for serviee pensions and for disability pensions, 1g60-1916. 25 Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University LIITTEROli TRiINSMITTAL. '\uctrsr 2l), 1917. 'uirt' Silr: fmmcdiatclr upoii tli'clrrratiori of \\:rlr. b1- the [1ff,sri Stt-ltesllre Cirilthen's llurc,rru bcgrrn a study of child rvclfaro in thc lvarring coutrtriersbtrsec{ upon suc[r rnatcriai as could be secured b-,: col'resporrdencttor-' :l-s \A'as ar-ailahlt, in American libraries. A corps of rcacler; artd translator-* is exrrmining thc officinl l.ecorcls,parlia- mcrrtary dcbatcs, nc\4rspapcrrcirort,s, anrl current lii.eratur" for Grcat Britain arrcl hcr colonies, Austrir, iirance, Germanv,".'oilubl" Italv, Russia, and also for Sv'iizcrland and the lietherland-*. It'our principal lines of studv irro pursued: (a) Child ltrbor anrl school exernptions; (b) infant and rnaternity care; (c) delinquency; and (d) dependency. The relabion of ull these questiols to the living conclitions behirrcl the lines is clear. It is aiso plain that tiie living conditions in largo mursure depend upon thc provisions made b',' the respective goycrllmonts for soldiers ancl their. dependents. And sincc the rr.ithdrarvtrl of men from tlre ordinary u,aliis of li{e to form a large tu'm\- nrust crrrrrtesimiltrr'ploblems hcre, thc questiol of rvhat couutries offr'r importtrrrt snggcstions for t system- of sol- bers of the military forces and their farnilies. This Capt. Wolfe has done, and the result is found in the accompanying report, entitlecl Governrnentatr Provisions in the United States and F oreig.n Countries for Members of i,he l\{ilitary Forces and their l)ependents, which includes a review of the pension situation in the Ilnitecl States, a brief alalvsis of provisions peculiar to foreign countries, a,nd ccmparative ctrarts of rates in tlietinitcC States rincl 12 other countricrs. tu adcli- tion the sYstems t-ii the Liui'retl States antl all the forcrign countries ex- cetrt f)anada &re pl'eiLlnterclin cletail. The mai,elial contailtctl itr the lr(:r()rnpiirr.ying1,gport, together with tire report upon t,hc care of depenrlents ul o,ri,siorl mell in Canada, has been :'-ireacl'i utilizert iri rlr'afting ii proi)oseci melsure for: soldiers'oonlponsii'tir,ri in t,ho UuiterclStatl.:s b). tire IIon. Juliarr W. I{ack, chairl;rnn oI u special cornnriitee aptioini,e,l hy the com- rnittee on labor of tiri: Cc,unr:il of Nntitiu:rl Defer-,sefor th,;,t purpose. The bureau dmircs to exnress its great obiigai,iot t,o Capi. Wolfe for his invalualrlc services in irlanning tlld tlirer;ting tile report; it .is also incltrtited to the various departmenis of th; Gr,r.-e1-o.rrt rvhich have rnade availatile much indispensable information. n{iss Amra, Roilhester hrrs been in charge of thc report and has irad thc assistancc of }fiss ilarrr I). Flopkins ancl the following othcr per- sons: Miss J\{trrgucritc D. I)ar,korv, }iiss Lulu L. Ec,krnotr, Mir* naltn Itockrvell I{all, }fiss Anna l{alet, x{n. I-,,.}fapnusson, lliss Louiso I{oore, Miss Juditir Bernays, }Iiss Louise F. Bron'n, ancl l\{rs. Marie l'r'arrckc Smitir" This report htrs bercnprepared under great plessure. and in view gf tho desire for earli' pubiication certain irregirlarities il the form of tables have been allowctl to remai.n Respectfuliy submitted. Jur,r'r C. f-zATHRop,}hid. IIon. Wrr,lran I3. \\'rr-sor., Secretaryaf Labor. ^fj i ) Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University GOVERNMET{TAIPROWSIONS IN TIIB UMTED STATESAI{D FORBIGNCOUNTRIES FOR MBNIBERSOF TIIE MII,ITARY FORCESAND THEIR DEPE}TDENTS. INTRODUCTION. The CnrnF or. THE. Cnrr,pnn:r's BunEAu. l'f,ruau: rn a,ccorrhnce x'ith thc suggestion of Secretary Tfilson, mrrdc upon the corrrt-rJcticnof the stud;' of the Care of Dependents of Enlisteri l{en in Canacla, tiro f,:ilorl.inE compilation has been preirared shov'ing existing provisions for soiclicrs anC their dependents iir the TinitertrStates ancl the follorving foreign countries: Australia, Austria, It-rance, German;r, Great Britain, rtal-r, I{e'theriantls, New Zealand, Russia, South Afi:ica, and Srvitzerland. The subject is of par- ticutrar irrterest at this time, for it $-ill be the part of wisdo* to preps.l'c at this date for thi: conditions rvhich u'e l Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 12 covllRNlrttNTAt l)Ro\rlsl()Ns1''(.)F -\rlrlrBltRs otr appeareclthat the su'Lrjertjustifiecl tlLc tletllicil treatrncnt, hsro irre- 'lhe scnteC. provisions iu forcign countries ar'e plcst:nted as tirey are no\\,'so far as it, has been possible to secul',rrelia'llie in"forrnation. ft was felt that thc in"clusion of adtlitional couirl,r'iesl ould make bhis report too cunthelsofire t-ithout, r,uairling us io o};trrin any inform&- tion which rvoutrd bc of value in t,he solution of the problem con' fronting us. Iir the t,ables it has i:een deemed advisabio to shorv tlie payrnents rrot, only in the rnonetary unit, of the severul countrics but tlso. in parcrnthcses,Lhe equivalent in dollars anrl cenfs. For the purposo of convcrsion tlre "'lalltre of values" of for'eigtr couittries issucclhr. the Treasurv Department has been used. Tlie cquit-rilt'ttts ai'c as foliori-s: Yalit,-itr ( ountrl-. ){onetary uuit. , Unitcrl r.t,,tes i molie]" $ii.:tt;6 . 11r30 .2:352 .1.sljiiS . 1-030 . .i{)20 . i'ri16 . I r130 It rvaii realizecl of course l,hat, the present values are noi tltose given, but for obvious reasons it rvas deemed advisable to use a lrlte which $'as not subject to freqrient fluctuation. It is felt, hol-€'Ytrr, that attention rnust, be called i,o ihe difference in tire purcha-it,g value of money in the various countries, and that factor siroui,l be taken into account, when attemllting to relate the lienefits of ,,tte country to those of another. The chaptc'r foliotring tho rnrrlysis of 1u'nsiotts iir tht' t rrittti States which shciws the tendencies in fort'igtr t;t'nsion legislation is riot only of historicrl irrterest,but iras rt ,{g1,1)('t'significuncc in thtrt it crystallizes in concrtrtc form thc r'r's',-rltsof the siutly of the vttt'iotts problcrns w-hich hti'e conifroniori tirt'l:rticitrs ttt wilr in de:r,lingrvith the care of tiir, soktit,r' lucl Jiis ri,.,lrt'rttL'ttts. trYhile in this coutttnr thc details must ntc{'ssiu'il.r-iit' ch,rtrgetl,w/.1 cfin rtot cscrtpetho }r:r:;ic olriigtr,tiorrswhich oiirl'i' (:ti1i1-111i,";iutvc bc('11forcctl tr;omcet. It raises ccrl,ain issuc:l for r,'lrir'lr this (-',)ulttl']-x'ill hrlve t Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University ]\[ILITAR\- FORCES AND TITEIR DEPENDENTS. 13 tent with any form of pcnsion, ciisa,bilit"rrallowances, or rclicf measures which are not, based upon the most rLtlvanceclancl liberal ideas. fn order thet the pnovisions of thc t'rrious countries on any par- ticulur form of benefit might be brought togethc,r for comparativc purposes, schedules har.e been prepa,red (seepp. 28, 31, tintl 32) which show the differont, rates awarded for the same contingcncies in thcr diffr.rent localities; it must be remembered, however, that a com* ltartrtive schedule of this kind crrn deal with ouly one phase of a suirject wlrich has mirrry moclifications and that trimita,tions must ctirrst:rntly bc bornc in mind lest en incorrect idea of thc subject ];c o bta inerd. It is but proper thri,t I should direct, your attr:ntion to the gre:ri assistrncc which has been afforded the invc,stigtitors not, only by thtr various departments of our own Gc-,vernrnt,ntbut, by tlie representa- tir,'es of certain forcign governments. frrr-aluablc aiti tvtls givcn try tho officials of the Pension Burc,au and of thc Library of Congress, who spared no effort to assist in the location of the necessary materia,l. 'Io till of these Sources are due most earnest, thanks, and without thcir assistr,nce it is safe to say that this investigation would havc tracketl much of its completeness. S. llcnnl:ur Wor,l-n. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University This page is blank in the original document. Providedby theMaternal and child HeatthLibrary, c.o"gJoG'iffiry PENSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. Thres types of provisions arc made for men who lr.ave served in t5e Army or l{avy of t}re United States and for their depepclelts: A. Tire retirerrient systerns of the Army, Navy, Liarine Corps, nixl Coast Guard provide lrith cer'[ain marked ]imitations foi: oflicers ancl men of the Regular trstablishrnent. Except in the Coast Gualcl rro allowance is nnade for an erilisterl marl rvho has servocl less than B0 years. ldo allorv&nce for rvidotvs ancL chrldrc;n of either oflicers {)r enlisted nlon who are killecl in the service is made beyond a deattr grabuit;'. This is usually equir,-alentto six months' pay o{tthe deceasc4, although it rises to one year's pay if he has died ln- aviation service ancl to two years' pay for the widorv of an officer or man in the Coast Gurri'd. R- The generai pension iarvs rrrlrninisterecl try thti Pension Burenu of the Departmenb oI the Intei'ior provide for military ancl narrrl officers disabled in the Federal service u'ho are not part oli thc Regula,r, Est'ablishinent and therefore not eligible for retirement, for enlistod men rvho are disabled in tire F ederal service, and for {,hewidou,s an4 children arrd cer:tain other depencients of officers ancl enlistecl mcn who are killed in the Federal service, €xr_repf,that wictoins of offi.cers and enlistecl men in the Coast Gual'ci o.c trot eligible for pcnsion. C. Service pension laws, also eciministered b;r the penslon Burear"r, provide for men ri,'hohavc serrecl in specifiedl{-ars for specific periods, and for their wiclorvs anci chilclrcn, without referencc to any disabiiity incurred in the service or to the cause of tho cleath. These incrlucle the TVar of 1812, the lYar rvith Ufexico, various Indinn wirrs, air6 tlie; Civil War, ancl the requircd lcngth cif scrvicri \.riries in rhc cliffercni, laws from pa,rtioiilrltion in ;i, singlc battle tr_rservico of g0 cays or more. Women illlrses \\'iio serr.ecl in the Cir-il trVar are eligible to pensions after six months' service. A. ARMY AND NAVY RETIREMENT. Officers and enlisted inen of the Regular trstablishment are retired with three-fourths of their active pay. Membei.s of the Offi.cers, Reserve Corps and of the federalizeci Nationai Guarrl ar.enot eligible to retirement. Enlisted men, including non{,ommissioned offi,cersin theArmy and Marine Corps and pettv offi.cersin the l{avy, are eligible to retirement, only after 30 years of service. In the Coast Guard enlisted men who have served less than 30 years may be retired for disability in the service. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University -1 16 (IOVERNMtrNTA], PROYISIONS I.'()II IT}.]}IBI]]IS OF Offi.cers,on the other hand, in nny branch of thc ltr--gulal Dstab- lishment may be retircd for physical disability lncident, to clut,-v u'ithout regard to the lerrgth of their service. They Day, at the dis- cretion of certain authorities, be placed on the retired list bei.ause r of physical clisability not traceable to the service, brit for such cli:,- ability thcry ar:e usually "rvholly retired" u'ith one year'r puy. Piivsicians and enlisted members of tire Medicai Corps of the Regiliar Ann;' are on the same basis as offi.cers ail.l enlisted- i.-r'len, respectiveLY, of the Regular Army. Tha physicir* is eligible to retirentent in case of disa,bilit;r it rotred. in the linc of duty. 'llhe enlisteC tnan can bc retired only after 30 'rears o[ service; for clis- abiiity incurred in line of clutS' before that time he rnay receir-e a pension. Itetir:ement pa;r depencls solelv upon the active pa_\'the offic.r- or enlistecl man- $ras receiving, ancl it does not vary according 'the tti the nai,r.irc ancl extcnt of disability. For the Arml' officer rnrho is rctirecl in good health upon his own application after 30 yeats of ser.;'ice, the officer u4ro is automatically retired at 64 years of age, anrl the officer rvho is so seriously disablecl in battle that for the rcmaintler of his life ire requires the constant care rif an attenrlant, thc retirement Pa)' is l'eckoned o1 identically the same basis, rvith orre exception: X'or the Army ofifrcer below the rauk of brigtrclier general who is disabled in battle the retii'ed puy is int,reased slightly as yetrrs Bo by, on the basis of the increases{or length of active service rvhich are allowed to his rank. Thc dcath gratuity to the u'idorv or other person tlesignated b.r' the o{iic:cror ellisted rn an of the Ai'rny, Navy, cir'}farino Or;rps, is grautod only orr. bcirt'tlf of a rnan who dies rvhile on the lctive list. T{o gratuity is pairl to the s'iclow or hoirs of eithor an o{Iir:cr or an enlisted marl ullon thc retirc,cllist. The usua,lgratuity amoutrts 'lo six months' pay of thc clcceasod,but i,his is doubled if tho doatir is due T,r)n1 nviti,tion acciclcnt in line of dut,r'. In the Coast Guard the death gratuity is paid to tlie widorn', or to tlie cirild or t'hilclren urtder 16 lr(,.B.rsof rige, or to the depenrlont ; mr-ither of riro cicceased. It is grauted rrot, only if ho has dit,rl in trcti'rc servicc but if his dea,th is the result of rvound, irr,iriry, or disotrse 'Iire iltcurrcd in tho service. gratuitl' lttt,rutrts to frrll pay for t\\,o _-.a ycars from the date of cleath Nc of;icer or c-.nlisttrtlintrrr who is on the nctive or tire retire Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University IVI]LITART !'OROES AND T}IEIR DEPENDENTS. T7 foliorr-irtg pror isirutrrftir crrlistrrd nrerr, which ar.e tclminisbered b). tlre At tt-v or the Nav;' although the actual pavrnent is rnade thrcugh tho Pension Buretru. Any rnan u'ho has soerr lvar servico in tfie ArmY, Navy, or Marine Corps ancl has been au-arclerll, rneclal of honor for tlistinguishod galla,ntr.r' in thtr face of tlrir onemr. r'cceives, lvhen he attains tho agc of 65 voars, $10 montliii- foi nthen,mtlinder of his Iifr: in acidition to any other pay or pension. The second oxception applies to onlisred lnen irr tho Navr or Marine Corps lnd allou-s to a man who has served 20 ycars a1cl is disnblecl for sea servico an amount equai to one-half th.e pay of liis rating at the time of his discharge. Thc rna,n who has servecl 10 J'Llarsmay roceive a "suitable Amount" up to a maximum of $g monthly, r'r'ith iho further: limitation that if hs is also receiving a, ponsion his allorl'rlrlce may not exceed one-tor:rth the amount of his perrsion. Both tho l0-year ru.an and the 2}-yaar lnan receive a tloublo allorvarrce if the disability rvas inciclcnt to aviation duty.' B. GENERAL PENSIONLA\TS. 'Ihe princlple that somc compensation was due from the Goverrr- rnetrt for disabilitv or dc,rrth had been established by legislation long bcfore the outb'cak of the civil fl'ar. rn general, in tsoo, the mtr,i totally disablecl in servicc and the widow ancl children, of the ntra,rr dving as a rcsult of servico wcre cntitled for life to one-half of thc pny the rnan was receiving at the timc of his iniur.y or death; the minimnm rrrterfor total disabilit v- u.as fixed at $g a rnonth ancl the maximurn rate for disabled men and for rvidows was half the pay of the lieutenant colonel. Thc man rvho was slightly disableC r"clive,t a, pension at a trorverrate acco'ding to the extent of his rlisability Irr 1862 the minirnum for a widow was raised to $g and the rnaxi_ mum for a widow or a totally disabled m&n s,as reduced to sBO monthly. Ilour ye&rs later a supplementar;, allourance of g2 mouthly was grantecl to the widow for each child uncier 16 yea.rso{ agc. Th; lvidol's scale',vasasaiu amended in 1886 by raising the minlmu'r t' $12 monthly. For the disabled man a pensioir based not on the i;1y of his rank but on ther nature of his disabiiity r,vasfirst provideri ii 1864, rvhen he rn'asallowed $25 monthly for the loss of both hancis or the sight of both eyes, and $20 monthry for the loss of both feet. The list of disabilities for rvhich pension rates wcre specified was soon extended and practicaliy reachecl its present forni in lgz2. ifhe ra,tes have been greatly iircreased, however, since that time. (See Appendixes B and I.) I)'ri'g tho liscal year endod Jurre 30, 1g60, there wero on the pcrrsitrn roll 11t284 persorrs and the expelldil:ure tor pensions \vAS a . l For further .;; 107:15"_t7_-2 Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 18 GovEp"NMENTALpRovrsroNs FoR MEITBERSoF littlo oyer a million dollars. In 1865,the number of pcnsioncrsrrnder the genorallaw had 3umpeclto 85,986and tho annual expcncliture to $8,500,000. The numbcr of persons receiving ponsions be- c&usoof disability or death in the service reached its rnaximrun in 1891,with 530,174persons on the rolls and an annualexpenditrrre of oyer $104,000,000. Since that time the decreasein nunrbcr of pensionersarrd in annual clisbursementsfor clisability or tleath in the servicehas bercncontinuous, although during tho year endod June 30, 1916,thcrc rverestill more than 140,000porsons on tiris roll a:rtj btre disbursementsamounted to $30,700,000.Tirs total expeuditursfor these pcnsionsfrorn i860 to 1916 has amountcclto almost tivo ir,nd thres-fourths bitlion dollars ($2,735,635,725.89).The disbutscrntr:tis to disabled sulvivors have beon more than dou'bio those to n'irlc.rlrs and other dependents,70 per cent of the total a,urounthavilg beon paicl to survivors and 30 per cent to lvidou's anclotlrers. It is only since 1878, however, that, the annual disbursements to disa'blcd survivors have bcen greater than thoso to tho dependontsof men kilhd in the servicc. Year by year from 1864 to L874,inclusivo, the numbor of dependents on the roll rvas greater than the number of disabled survivors. And from 1860 to 1877, inclusive, the annual disbursoments to depenclentswere greater than those to survivors. (SeeAppendix L.) DISABILITY PENSIONS. Aty man disabled in the military or naval service of the llnited States who is not eligiblo for retirement pay is entitled to receive, upon application, a pension for disability varying in amount from $6 to $100 monthly.l Iror certain permanent,specific disabilitics the amount is fixed by law, and the av'ard is made for life. The rnaxi- mum rate of $100 is granted for total blindnessor the loss of both hands or both feet. Curiously enough, " disability requiring regular aid and attendance" is awarded a lower rate-$72 monthly. "In- 'Ihe capacity to perform manual labor" is rated at $30. lowest rate for a specificdisabitity flxed by law is the $24 monthly grantetl for "disability equivalent to the loss of a lranri or a foot." ScnBour,n 1-United States. Montlillt pent::;rr.t*t fred by laufoT permanentspecffic $100.00. Lossof both hands. Loss of both feet. Loss of sight of both eyes. Loss of sight of one eye, the sight of the other having been lost beforeenlist- ment. t Physicians rvho are serving as a part of tho Medical Corps in tho notv Army brrt who have not boon part of ths Medisal Corps of tho Rogular Army aro eligiblo, not for retiremont, but for peusion, in caseof disability incurred in the sorvice. The same is truo of drivers and other men who eniist for service iu the United Statos Army Ambulance Corps. Fomalo nurses, on ths other hand, of the femalo nurso corps of the Army or Navy are employed and uot enlisted. and have no pensionable status. Mombers of ths Ilod Cross units-physicians, drivers, nurses, or othors-although they are undor Army orders, havo no Army status, and therefore no pensionable status, Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND TITEIR DEPENDENTS. 19 $72.00. Disabilit3,'irrquirine legr-ilaraid and attendancc. $ii().00. f,ossof onc Jrandand one foot. Total disability in one hand and one foot. S55.00. Lossof eithcl a leg at the hip joint or an arm at the shoulder joint, or so rrear ar to prevent ihe use of an artiliciai limb. $50.00. Dis:rl;ility requiring frequent ancl periodical but not constant aid and aticrndance. $4(i.00. Loss of an arm at or above the elbow or a leg at or above the knee. Total disability in arrn or leg. $4tl.gg. Losscf hanctror foot. Total di-sability in one hand or one foot. Total deafness. $31.25. Total disability in both hands or both feet. $30.00. Incapacity to perform manual labor. $24.00. Disability equivalent to the lossof a hand or a foot. Ir'ormiuor disabilitiesrates are schoduiedby aclministrativeruling, anclthese vary from $2 bo $27. Hor,vever,the larv provides that the monthly pensiorrmay nobbe lessthan $6, and rvhen a disabiiity ratcd at $2 or $4 monthly occursalone the pensionerreceives the $6 mini- muln. (SeoAppendix C.) tr'or disabilitieswhich are not permanent the pensioneris subject to periodical examination, and the pension ma,)'be renewedat a different rate or wiLhdrawn. With the slight exception noted below, bheamount of a disability pensionis the s&mefor all without regard to rank, length of service, or the number of the disableclman's dependents. For minor disa- bilities rated at $B or lessin the disability schedule,the allowanceis gracledaccorcling to rank up to a . 30 maximum. (SeeAppendix D.) It, rvill be remembcred,horvever, that oificcrs in LheRegular Estab- lishment &re provided for tlrough the retiremcrrrtsystems, and are not eligiblc to a licnsion while receiving retired p&y. PENSIONS FOII, DEPE}IDI]NTS. The widow of a mal] kitlecl in the service or dying as the result of injury or disease in the service is eligible to a pension varying frorn $12 to $30 monthly according to her husband's rank. F or each legitimate child of the deceasedwho is under 16 ycars of age the wiciow rec()ives,rtigardless of the rank of the soldior, tr,supplementary allow- an"ceof $2 montlily. Marrier,gesubsequen{, to the close of a man's miiitary or naval service cloes irot entitle the v'idow to a pension undcr the general lnrv unlt ss *.hehas live d with the deceased continu- ously from the date of marriage to thc date of his death. 'fhe wido\y's pension is pavable until her death or remarriage, when it reverts to the children or ceases altogether. If the widow has remarried and has again become a rviciorv, she is again entitled to pension provided she is then r,vithoub nlcans of support and was the wife of the man on whose behalf she claims pension during the time of his activo service in any wa,r. The law makes the further Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University t 20 GovltRNMn\rrAL pRovrsroNs FoR MEMBEBSoF proviso tlittt i{' in the meantimc the pension has bocn paid to the children and thev are still of pcnsionable age or conclition it shtrll return to the rvidov' only if the children are in her care. If thele is no pensiorrable widorr', the amount of the u'idow's pension may be paid to tire legitimate children under 16 years of age, togcther rvith the supplernentary allorvance of $2 monthly. (A-child born before the man'ittge of its parents is deemcd legitimatc if it has been tx:knou'ledged hrrrthe frrther.) The pension for one motherless child is from $14 to $32, according to the rank of the father, and for five motherlcss childrcn from $22 to $40. No child olrer 16 years of age is entitled to a pension unless he is insane, idiotic, or otherr,vise mentally or pirvsically helpless; and an older helpless child may not be pensioncd uttiess he u'as under 16 years of age at the time of the father's death. For the children and thc widow who has not remarried the fact of the relationship entitles to a,pcnsion,without regard to their econcrnic st,atus. The parents or the brothers and sisters of the deceasecl.on the other hand, must prove that thev ar.e "without other present means of support than their o\\rn manual labor or the contributions of others not legally bound for their support." Anri in no case are they eligible to a pension if there is a pensionable lr.iclow or child. The monthly amount,,$12 to {f,30,rccording to the rank of the de- ceased,is pavable to the mother, or. the father, or to orphan brotfuers and sisters under 16 yertrs of age.l C. SERVICEPENSIONS. Service pensions haci bcen granted before 1860 to rnen who had served at least -qix ntonths or until the close of the Revolutionary \\'a,r and to their u'idows and chiklren. In 1g62 a lar,v *ur purunh practically exttluding new claims for pensions under these oftl lriws. lfhe first pension for service in any other war, gr.anted witl.rout reference to clisability or death incurred in the ..roi,", was granted in 1871. This applied only to the T{rar of tgt2. Tho first, Mexic,an \Yar service petrsion was enacted in 1887 and the first Oivil IMar serv- ice pension in 1890. Since 1890 the rnontirly lates for service pcnsions har.e been repeat- ccllv raised" Therr are not, horvever.,uniform for the various \\-rrrs. For example, pensions io Civil'lVzrr veterans uncler thc rnost recent act affecting them (May 11, 1912) range from $18 to $80, according to age and lcngth of serr.jcr'. (sce,\ppcnclix H.) Pensions to men u-hcr participatcd in the hrrlirtil tr\:ai'$ni'e fixecl at $20 monthly. Pensiorrs to rviclou'swithout chiklren undcr 16 years of age rangefrom g12 to $20 monthl_v-. under 16 of age of men \r,ho ser\-crl at __Chilrlrcri 3'sa1s I For f.rther *t-*;;.;tt"b;ffi;. cletails **.*."to., il Appendixes-t 1.oJ). _t Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University MII.ITARY FORC]TS AND TTTEIR DEPENDENTS. 2L least 90 clays in the Civil lYa,r are eligible to pension, but no childrt'rr iu.(l providccl for' trnder service acts relating to other wars. The ratr, for each child of a pensioned mother is $i2monthll'-; a family of mother'- less children receives 912 monthiy plrrs the $2 extra for each indivitl- ual cirilC. ,\s u-ith pcnsions '.lnder tire general ]aw, a "helpless" chilcl 6you I6 is pensiotrab}e pror,-iderl he was under 16 years of agr, at the time of his father's clea,th. Ilependents other than rvidow antl childi'en arc not eligible to service pensions. Not only have the rates of the Civil War service pensions bee:' ra,iseclsincc 1890, but the lirnitations concerning disability or d<- pendency have been relaxed. At first a rnan was eligible to a per- sion only if he wcre incapacitated for rnanual labor, although h:,r disabilitt ncerl bear no relation rrhatever to his Civil \Yar servicc, and a rvidorv must have been $'ithout rneans of suppori ot,her tha.' her orvn ,1a,i15rlabor. i\orv. ho\r'eyer, age without clisabilitv entitic, a man to lr,Civil \'[itrr st.rvice ireusion. lrtrrl aul wiclor'- rr]to ir-as mai'- riecl hcfi;re.httlt, i7. 19(-1.-i.t6 11lllrril 1'li9 irtr,dst'l'\-{'ti !t(; tlllr-sin ti,,' L'ivil \\-ru' is crrtitlcti to lrcnsir,Ir\\-ithortt rt'gtlrtl to rlt'ltctrilctrcv.l 'l'hc serrice pensions for the \frr,r of t8t2 and the ]Icrican \I-li.' lrad little effect tipon either the arnounts paid to liensiotters or tht' number of beneficiaries. The Oir.il War service pension tr,ct (l890) ori tlic other hand, raised the total nurnber of pensioners rtnder al' larrs from approximately 540,000 in 1890 to 965,000 in 1893. The rates for the service pension at that time ranged {rom $6 tcr $12 and \\'ere higher than those a,l'arderl for yery minor clisabilitiei; under the general law. It would appear that rnany pensioners mav have applied for transfer to the service pensiori roll since the totai number of pensioners under all lau's continued to increase until 1902, although the nurnber of pensioners rittder the general law rleclined sicadily a,nd rapidlv afte,r 1891, and ihis rapid decline coitld hardl;- be a,ccounte Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 22 covERNI\TENTAL pnovrsroNs FoR MEMBERS OF flunie. cf Paat:oaett Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University DEPENDtrNTS' 23 MILITARY FORCES AND T}IEIR' f, t c n diturc {o' Pc's'ons !y /7il/ions ol 0o//a's' '. 5.0 rm q o"a Nart1 Pensiott j- t xpenct rure r0r J €rr/c, ns/0t750n4 f0r nisalr, nsionspa/d to- Survr rors, /860/9/6 ta fron 1nnualR, S.Con,nusionerof Pan' sionsond Reporl1in lha 'tceof rhe U.S.ludr' t/te 0ep't of /nterior - fxpendrlure for drsabi/rlYPens - "- -- fxPendi/uro br sernce Pensions' ,trl ,ol %or -. :Lt860 t86t t870 187,t /660 /865 t890 /N5 Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 24 GO\IIIRN}IENTAL PROVIS]ONS IIOR MEMBERS OF fxpany''lure lo" Pe ns,on-. bg /4,//,ons of Oo//ors. O/aaran -il U.S.Ormu --J- ona /lovLl Pensiors. xpendifu,e for Seryrbe Pensfuns ahd for Drsa- bi/itg Penstbns pard fo- Wdous o,a 0rher OePendenls - /860/9t6. (LS. t" f"o^ Onn,c/ Rcporls, Conmjsgionar o/ peneioac ond Repor,s in *e Officc *rte U S. &d;to. /.,4a D"c,t of /nterioc * "/ f t oc n d; lua, O, t 3,/, t7 Pensio,s. t- o t f tpend,. tu,e, 5 J ic c R-rs,.n, " "" lear- /860 /865 /870 /E75 /880 /88{ /8e0 /895 /900 /905 /9/0 /9/d /92A trvo-fi.fthsof this amou.nt, 44.7 per cent ($2,211,156,5L7.01),'has been paid. for service Fensicns. The largest annual expenditure for lren- sions under ttre general law- was the $104,500,000 paid to 530,0(i0 pe sons in 1891. The largest, annuaL expenditure for service pensiolis was the $136,800,000paid to 627,000 prersonsin 1914. In this connection the total number of soldiers and sailors enga$eri in all the previous r.,'arsof the llnitecl States is of interest:2 Revolutionarr'\\:ar- 184,0::S War of 1812-- 2t6. 730 ,\,[exican\Yar- - 78,7]8 Indian \rars-- 83,993 Oivil\\-ar- ..."- 2.213.365 Spanish\\'ar- - 3i2. 000 Philippinr.s anrl China 1-16.1;1 Total. 3. 304,995 Paylerrts under the service acts were negligible until after the passing of the first Civil trVar service act, when ther- increaseclfronr .$1,766,874in 1890 to $56,133,570in 1893. \Tlicn the service pen- sions \\,ere incrcasod for the olcler pcnsiolrcrs itr 1907, the rrumber of I Diagram If inelude,s in thc amo61t shorvn {or riisabilitl' pen-sions&rreats for the ;'ears 1886-1890. See \ppendix L. .rFrom annual report of the Commissioneroi I'ensions, 1905,pp. 5m,579- Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georget'ownUniversity I{ILITARY ITOBC],,S AN D TIIEIR DEPI]NDENTS. 25 U.5.Orn / "", ilarq P€fistbfls. O*ounf Experaed ,6, Serrice Pensions and h" 0it"6;/;ty Pcnsions /860-t9/6 C,ta 6;iitq Pensions F2,7 3 5,-6g g, oo2 Pensiors l5 6,5/7 pcnsionecl *rrvio,-,rol r'oSr.:..ligJrtlr- atttl t irc iuLlltr:il crllt'tttiitut'e, tr-t survivors o-rr.I;i,rose frt,tu Siji'.(i()(),000irr'1907 to $76.500,t100in 190E- Again, in 1g12, tire r:r-tc rr'as incrr.asc,l r'ind arrnual cxpentliture to survivors rose from" $69,500,000in 1912 tr; $94.500'000in 19i3. In the same wa3r the nullbt'r of ridovr.s on thc sci'vicc-pcnsion roll inr-,rcasccia little rnore rapiclir. aftci' thc chrrngt in l,ire widovrs' lagt itL I g0g ancl tlic annual expcncliturc for scrt'itc pcrtsions to widor,vs rose frcm $2X,000,000iii 1908 to $32,750,000in i909. (SeeApperrdix L.) The total exp('rr(liture for pcrisions irtrs treerr so grcat that the rnillions of doiiars appropriatorl hv spccial acts on behalf of incli- vicluals aro a small percentugc" of the total. Arr anah'sis of the annual rtpor.ts Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 26 GovERNMENTALpRovrsroNs FoR Mni\rBriris oir 1861 to 1901,inclusive,l the nurnber of nervpensiont'rs adcletl.yoar by Jrear plus dhe numbe,r of pc'nsioners receiving an incrcased anrount was 2,8,37,455untier the public acts and 8,172 under the special acts. Since 1901, however, there has been a marked inorease in the amourrt of special pensiorr legislation, so that, the total mirnbrrr of pr,rsc.,ns affccted by special acts from 1861 io L915, irrchrsive. iiacl i'iscr1 to 45,217. Most of tire special legislation is concerneC g"ith granting a spcoial rate to pensioncrs alrcady on. the lolls under the public lal's. Since 19C1, for exampie, sevcn-cightirs of the spccial acts liave granted incrcascs and onJy onc-eigirth havc. aclded nel1:pcnsioncrs to tire ro1l. :fho part pla-rletl by pt.nsioners undcr spcciai :rcts d'uring thc last six years appears more clcarly fronr the follorriirg cornparison com.- ililed from tlie ai:urual rcports of the Cornmissionor of Pensions. (Sirnilar data are not readily available for the earlicr periotls.) Scsnour,r Z.-Pcnstons under wfilic and speciul luus. 1911 to 1916. I'ensions rrrrderprrblie lari's. I'ensions under sDeeiallarvs. ]'ear onded June 3G- 1-iensions. Avera;;o. $236.17 298.t2 301.28 3{)2.05 306.76 301.82 TENDENCIES IN FOREIGN PENSION LEGISLATION. A comparison of these American lar';s with the provisions for soldiers' t July 1, 1861,to June 30, 1901. z Tho following countries havo been studied. and their pro'risions are presented i:r ths later sections of thisreport: Australia, Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Russia, South Africa, Switzerland. Tho Canadian system is presonted in a separato report published by the Cblldren's Buroau under the title 'r Care of Depondeuts of Enlisted Mon i:r Canada." a Except, apparently, Russians who are serving their required term. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University MILITAR]' FORCJiS AND THEIR DEPEI{DENTS. 2i and the British colonies' r'equire allotment to the wife of part of the pay of the errlisied man. Alone among the beltigerent countries studieci the llnited States is making no allowancewhatever for the f amilies of rnen in active service;2 the United States permits but doesnot require an allot,rnentof pay. The amounts of the separation allowances ..'raryrvidely. In Ger- many, for example, the stated allorvance is frankly a minimum, ',vhichmay he increascdfor cach comnunity at the discretion of the local distributive agencies. In fact, it is frequently supplementetl frorn State.or municipal funds. Germany also grades the amount of the income which a family may possesswithout forfeiting separa,-, tion allowance according to the typc of cornmunity in 'which the familv lives" Russia gives the cash equivalent of specified fooci staples a:nil their cash value is determined for each Province sepa- ratr:ly. Practicaiiy everlr countr;r has increaseclthe arnount of its allowances since the outl;reali of the lvar. Whc,r,: the preisent arnountsseem small w-henmeasurcd b.y -American stanclards of living. it is only fair to remember that a srnaller nionebaryunit goes rela- tively further than its equivalent in American currency. Both France and Germany have since tho war extended to ail wives who are receivingseparation allowanoesthe maternity beriefits already provided in the Gerruan system of social insurant;e arrd in the French maternity benefit,larv of 1913. In Great,Ilritain a ne\y provision of the national insurance act requires that every man who joins the Army or Navy be insured and his premiums deducted frorn his pay. His wife then becomeseligible for a nraternity bene- fit, of 30 shillings ($7.30) for each confinemeni. In other ways also new efforts are everywhere evident, to adapt the allowanccs and pensions to the actual needs of the situation. For exailr- ple, the illegitimate child who has been acknowleclged by the father is now almost everywhere entitled to benefits, and Great Britain gives the unmarried wife a separation allowance in certain circumstalrces,provided the man choosesto allot his pay to her:. In Germany the unrnarried woman is entitled to a maternity benefib if she has already an illegitimate ctrrildorr rvhoso behalf she is drarv- ing an allovrance. r Souih Africa, rro data on tiris point except for British Arny reservists. z The Llnited Statos appropriated in 1916the sum of $6,250,000for tho caro of families clependont upon onlistod men in the National Guard during their solvics on the l{exican }rorder. Tho allorvance variod. according to the amounts tho soldiers hatl been contributing to their families up to a uraximum of $50 monthly. (39 Stat. L., 6{9, 859.) Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 28 GOVERNMENTAT- PROVISIONS FOR I\'IEMBERS OF liF ?z lNtN f -' ! t?g .a !,- q 6a :J &, E ^E >G u =c "- , 6-. .: 9>, E ci I c = 2. . t- =": 2.Y 7- '- q - >a i : F" C - .r I =i i = a_ aa €; Q= I: G. F t- ;N i o 6 I t- ( I t/-i | {" l \ I i,t .* 'r tNrl N : :-, i-:a i.E ;? :: '-i I'e-. -!! lcif f,br ^' a>. t: c' rc3e .9*o I =i c.{ \ i'Jl l 1it S >4 | * r-; .:5 * 7z c: ;.i r, tr E.e I -'- i I .= a u.; :- ,a 1:" i ^ -= L 1F I %"> :c3 C- -t I .; :; qi i a ^ :!, :;::"- t :-:,. va I s 1 -.: = - - a ;E g-E.e F' .tE.2 7 == i- = i c =t -= I I3 I ;b =1 aEE97:= .g* 6 -..=5 t-= \ Ei e==. :; EE == % I a-:=t :< .=?ta -'- >r Z=7 /' -'':.,i c.:i, ;'-;: :'- - F,:if:---.z=l i4 = =:=-=' a-;' o' E- =-=:= 2:= .L,a r a - J a- a\ .!i- r:='::t ^='- =- = t=::= z:t: >=- i =- - -!:- a -'- : -.=_tr t-^ - >.? =-=- .-3^-, =.-? Z:=i} ::i- *-r .I=:'-: i=U. --Z ,==.-"--: -2". -a;..t 2 .. :i :.:: r - - o' ==:== t..== -=i'| l:. lla a7'- \ +;i =--'=:2:11z=i Atl .:';T.' *=-- 4.2 Y ; . " - \ -. \J ;2 'nLi'2-.f arn Z.=:AE ';pE*'!t -^ir.=?t=!, s .7 -a5-1 J; Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University I IfII-ITARI IiORCIIS AND THEIR D}]P]]ND]]NTS. 29 ;! va €a {1 r 6= .zi@ o-r k; oc-C v,V,a { '5 u!- o! ;co =JfJ ,E <1 A +t"1 AO €LO =:3 A , e 'i-d -- d- ..?4.O - 'o- -C: ": c,- s :Nc a i-i4d ! -'c€ ; u!,: = ti?. .--J s ,'*h ^ :'o^ i.i c.o yo ';=.2-zt > F .r'-a * ;=':4.9 "rr= ;-'t.-a-'- U v - s *;L,:::=;eaE.'-ta --_'r :!iri !gE, X- i: l- a\= 4'= =s.!?ri E F{r'p i t 0) )!::t= c t j -! . -L. > a.= +s: > q E '7E-J * ^;- --l{+7.d _:Yae=)la ;.=-=-aCci :rl.> ul ,-=,1 .^t:-,'JtO i;:i€=3, LU: O =di;.,-z 2 -= -. > -=,= e.|{1t zFg mJ.?; o E ^a t;= a:'i '-;---:-r a.:-c-i:e u-''a-',t ura_r--.--!-^it----.'-> ={|;, ? }. Y.a :e^FdJi ''''- ': t'ra-d '''it: ' -r a aZ, - + '.,'.'- vF = 4 -n7'.2 ?6 :iF-.^-*i ^96 - ;i ir'; i _-:'.--:90) ;--,--'-;Z< I *tJ.; -: v E>:)Z7e - -: -: 5 *7F7=ta"'s ,_\r c : = -x, . 1:xzradt-'- -- ! i ca F'-: l:+.. O ; cCtr:.. ;9 ":--H = I == ='l- IFrJ!FoY.d r">=--^=:3= a .^ ';c:fdi5>i::?87 :fFn -t I - *-_'t C._;N '. -J; "Aa.-.== i.o. d:F-:: 5E F x* * -. a)* Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 30 covERNMENTALpRovrsroNs n'oR MEMBERS oF trngland has recently provided that special allorvnncesrnay be paid to enable men to meet financial obligations contracted beforo thcv entered the servicefor the following purposes: To buy frirr-riiure or roal property, to pay rents or taxes, to meet paJrrnentsorr loans or mortgages,or to pay for children'sschooling. 'Iho ncecifor finaucial assistancemust be proved and the amount paid by the State r:an not, exceed€104 ($506.12)per annum. Several countriespernrib the pension for a pa,rtiallv disablecJ"man or for the wrdow of & man killed in service tc be cornmutr:ciinto a lump-sum payrnent, provided the pensioner oan satis{|,: the r}u- thorities that this x'ill better serye his needs. Gr:eattr3r'itain, again, and certain of the colonies,make substantial variatiorrs in the pen- sionsallowed for total dis.abilityaccording to the nurnber of the rn:ln's dependents. Practically all count,ri,'s;vili'y 6|1irirtlisrrbility 1rc;isit,rr:-rt-irrri pen- sionsto rvidowsand other deporrdentsof rnon killcd in servicc aceorcl- ing to the military rank of the rnan. Switzerland,on the othcr hand, has rclal,eclher miliiary compensation to her civil insurance scheme ancl basesthe allo,mancesfor disability and death on the man's civil earnings up to specifieclmaxima. trngland allon's a disablctl man or a'widowt,o receive, under certain conditions,a T)cnsionbasoti nob on disability but on prewar income. If thc enlisted man can rrrove,for example, that the disability pcnsion, including the additional allow- ance for children, and his present average earnings amourrt 1,oless tharr his pr'ewarearnings, he may be granttrcla pc'nsionrvhich, together with his avcrage earnings, will equal but not exceed his llro\!'ar earningsup to a maximum of 50 shillings ($12.L7) a wcck, aitcl half of any prewar earnings between 50 and 100 shillirigs ($12.17and $24.33)a week. The nerv pcnsiorr larv in Italy and tlie proposed larv in Irrarrce in- clucledetailed categoriesof injuries which-airn to rneasurethe extent of disability not in terms of military usefuhressbut in terms of civil usefulnessand earning power. Fine adjustments of the relatiorr of the injury to the iudividual's occupatic.uhave not been attempted, even in Gcrmarry. And norvhere are the pensionsgranted to a dis- ablcd man lowered or u"itircira\\arif ho is able to increaselr.is carrring power by special training Various methods have been devised to provide for a disabled man and his dependentsduring his reeducation. In Canada the disabled man can be reenlisted for industrial training, and durirrg the period of training his family receivesallotted pay and separation allowances. Great,Britain and Italy enforce plans for reeducation by withholding their part, of the pension from a man who refuses to undergo treat- ment or training certified as necessaryfor his interest,. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. 31 AR Ae ,rl -6 $;l t'- N d ,A4 t FSI al I I ,:: 6il c\ q\ I @ o:f- li C* HlP] -r- € o@l. l c.i Ccdc.id xx k ho I zrl Va I a o car o (06l 6 vi YOIC) a € N*NN L s h € rc L? c) $v Fq €A s €A \3 qJ g3 q I d .a Nqodir H <1 C75d e9 Fe ;r. €co d k @c rn v) a h a b! .A 9 4 co6qir h s i(OcoCl k 6rdroro -ia:H a;> O *x :R 5 - '3 43 \ (n F,E - :3 VJ q) I t- O, I .l Y>, \) €H I ci od ' c\t \\) h rO Ol di5 :.i I oo) ro 6L k vml h I hq) I "ti I ;H' o li d@ U l aO r I g< s ; I e.ia I q) X | ;!q I O cro X I Hd* | trF U o€ R. v.E l-+- c-t c-q F8 o' k ;.E*; t\ t! h9 s) | I I H€g'A I FI s t6l e> q) OO.i FC co:€r(9 !) E ta Ororri :"^.6 q) si 4 F) I lh Q@ *g 6t 6l -di cdlcB 9ut trh a ht >: al 5l k @ I 8r ..tr I l!3 tt -'4 + lra .Hh F F] h Ei:E d6 NO €ai SAEB ;oaq) Q ;- E= P'a o ?* gt i+t i .::,4 , .. H E: iEEd -EEE EE=:' fr! Es I ldEd,i-E E :.gEH: A*:e E€ei;iige*EJ si'rEEe: i Et'dd "=^6 ofi.- ts : trH9g Hde .g€ncuEs5ESIgY; C E Fa.= E.ss F€ (0 Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 32 (}OVER}TMENTAL PROVISIONS FOII 1VIEMBERS O}' ro :> ro cc'ecriLa to I tsY nt\6O N rt N dfl---N i i I .E.ENd a q IQcl'q(q! a @ ci c€ +.a € -.i .i q € 6li k. orcN@$ro vlo@cl>t'-d 6l m i €6 d o.i 0) I z;: tr iiiOfCO 0a ii* .t k d ca _' t-i \\) e ; ,a OrsN$iF- F $ f- $++a cYf00c600dl$ ! O) v ClNcln ct +?9 FA c od+_ile'h: tI h rli rl) a) Nr3 6r c\i + e F = v+ e9 r ?Z{E Ud .r.;';a'oEEti€i HE? | .: F*Et*€€ b d ^EFFI a ts z E.":E 9 aa 'liX=oa FN " 5ii a'5 w Ec;bB q c) .4 NEaC"CcO 6t$61 4 _. -o.9E c6ra+l.ri i 6q i 6lctNa\ -Er-UlC) s O a e) \ \) 6l h R \\' k q3 03 O ! ar:co(cc€ co N (o I c ..rN.Co)Olm N I!: t: ca q3 0) rj+Nicd + o + €*-iCl \) cE, i .n I \ *l I rJ 'a.a'a.a ! @ o \) 44 .li >, oci :iJ^': a 4. I C) ': Xc | "-- d s i ? l q FFFb a -: I mmocoeo ; I qi* i c N ,tl I o - ' - | -,i-:r7,*'N cl + I J i | 7-': c T N I s :'r.l* | ..im+,.'d N I i;- =l I I !: bP I I ' ._1_ L rC; ---l I --l H .^ -*- O I '4. - =-. 6 d=d,::5 I i ::?::c I Fl p I Nn3-Ca N N Clatot , , I N | | 5 cJ I iHi:N H*- | - ts.'o s;- h :F6 g FI -- . ,-,-* ;-, :::::::::: ,'o Hi#Es (n ::=-=rrrda = d ,ii e Et.EE a ! a! I UEqof; ===u U . 'F ';ii;..: :; iiz , -.t .:: c, .4 ! :-LtE$: :E i;'::= '6 O n?t+=L ?- ;h ! €:* . , €@. = q) e=!;=: : E F{=.- ,z o ! 3E€ - | F F: - 4 | F4 - .,:1da-. ' Z { 7-== ::..9 >>>;;; ,I i Q-' a'a'o)v= = 2 ?e1z13 €13;- 2 .-.4 '.: d Jtr.4i.E .{ ;:F.E ! >-?;.Ea .;- il i e4z' .:€ AJ Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. 33 The agesup to which children are eligible to pensionsor separation allon'ancesvary from 12 years for separation allowancesin Italy to 21 1,s41sin Gr'eatBritain for pensionsto children of soldiers or sailors if they are attending school or receiving technical training.' Austria regards as the "normal B,ge" at which allorvancesand pensions are withdrawn 16 yearsfor boys ancl 14 years for girls. Germany grants separation allorvancesonly until 15 but pensionsuntil 18 years of age. The nerv Italian lan' gives pensions also until 18. In general, parents or brothers and sisters are eligible for benefits only in the absenceof both widorv and children, and only if the parent,s or brothers and sisters'weredependent upon the cleceased. Italy's new law includes a generousdefinition of this dependency and Great Britain has added to the dependency provision the alternative that the deceasedson or brother w'as apprenticed at a recognizedtrade or receiving training at school or articled for a profession. AUSTRIA.l ALI,O\TANCES. I]nder tho lau'of December 26, L912f relatives of a soldier ctr,lled to the colors in case of mobilization receive soparation allowances provided thcy are tlepondent for their living on the solclier's earnittgs. P"r.ot.. entitlocl to tho rrllox-attr-'c\al'e the t-ifc, children (legitimate atrcl illogitinr,ito), father', rnothel', illlmarried mother, father-in-law do,pendent 8 ancl rnothcr'-in-larv, atrd $others and sisters. Each years of age and ovor is entitled to a sum equivalent to the amount payable for the maintenance of the soldier to the persons with whom Le is quartered during maneuyers in time of peace. A law of 1879, i;o rn'hich the law of lgLZ specifically rofors, fixes this amount a,t forty-trvo onei-hundredths of a kilogram of boof daily.s Ths cash ocluivalent is tletenninerl annuaill' by the militar'5' authorities. Chilclren under 8 years of age receive one-ha1f tho arnount a,Ilor.vecl to adults and older children. Dependents rvho must pay rent itt tho soldier's absenco roceivo in ac{dition a, rent allov-ance equal to 'I'ho b0 per cent of the mlirrtenancc allowanqe. allow&nce to depend- ents may not, howc\.er, exceecltho soldier's &vorage daily earnings in civil life.n irorn I The Austrian material rvas prepared by }fiss Jutlith Rol-rlays and Miss tr{ary D' Ilopkins, t}re (wien, unrl Reichsgesetzblatt fiir die irn Reichsrate vertreterren Kdnigsreiche unit Ldnder Kaiserliclte olllceLs Ii Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MEMBERS oF 34 GovERNMENTAL PRovrsroNs I'oR Nlowances are paid cluring the soldier's period of aotive service. in If the soldier is.titled in battle or dies of a fisease contracted active service, the allowanoe is continued for six months after his death. By an imperial orcler anrl an order of the ministry of national defclse, both of June !2, !915,1these allowanceswere extended until six months after the close of the present,wal' and were continued to who le{t active service, to dependents of the killed for a f.rrorr* ".rd period longer than the six months after death, prescribed by the iow of rcLt. hr the absenceof separation allowancesthe two above- mentionetl orders provide assistance,until six months after the close of the present *o"l aho to disabled soldiers and thcir dependentsand sus- tu *urvioors of *oi.liurt or sailors killed or dyrng from injuries tained in war. The soldier, if totally incapac.itated, receives 180 if neces- kronen ($eo.+z; annually, and the benefit may bc increased of *o"y to *""** his propei maintenance. For loss of earning power from 20 to 50 per and from 50 to 100 per cent,he receives60 ".ttt f,F kronen ($12.10) amually and L20 kronen ($24.32) annually,. *p"rti"*ly. The.wi{e o{ a mal drawing an invalid's allowancereceives 6b kronetr (gfZ.tO), but her bcnefit, like that for his total disability' or ille- ila,,, as an cxcepiior1, be increased. Childrcn, legitimate giti*ut*, receive ir of their father's total disability 60 kronen "u*u lower categories, igrz.16);in caschi-s injuries belong to oneof thc two kronen 36 kronen ($7.29). Parents and grandparents receive 60 (#Z+'ZZ1' ($tZ.fO; each, provicletl the tobaldoei not,exceed 120 kronen lillr."*hor* of *ifu, chilclr.q or ascenda'ts of a solclicr who is drawing maint'e- ihc rnaximum disability olionuorltemay' if ncce'ssaryto their nance,be increaseC;the totai allowancetogtrthcr rvith the disability pensionmust not, however,excced 600 kronon ($i21.56). ' 120 Irr. case of soldier's death the widow receives an allowance of kronen ($24.31) annually; each legitimate child receives 12 kronen ($z.zo;,but two receive i6z.nay;'onefuil orpharrreceives36 krone' four or 30 krorr"n ($6.08)each; three, 24 kronen ($4.86)each; and more,lSkronen($a'OS;each'Eachillegitimatechild'inthe of a .ridorv entitlecl to an allowance and to rolief provided fru"*r"" full iy ti,.*" orders, receives 60 kronen ($12.16); a1 illegitimate kronen orplrurr,prevrously supported by the ceceased,receives 108 ($20'67); .SSl; if th.". it" C*o orphans,each receives 102 kronen tnZf ($18.23)' ii three, 96 kronen ($10.+s1;if four or-more,90 kronen are 14 Boys receive the pension up-tmrz.rol to the age of. 16, girls until ttty years old. sixty kronen each is given to the legitimate to iather or grandflther, to the legitimate or illegitimate mother, pension the legitiriate father of the illeg-itimate mother; the total to thelscenclants is not to excecd120 kronen ($24.31). =, t""t* t;;ffi o. o o,-,;rJ"" *;. *a"t "t'"" "tt*'' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MII-ITARY }'ORCES AND TITEIR, DEPENDENTS. 35 b:bs$-i : 969 6 tl=;.i H ='i;H 'HC'E P e I io igF^ .F .e 8 E? I h EEEP^ Y htr a EEgE g .d jc) 9p I 9t',=: d E ', H:+N' - I .g:j A.: n- t/i ,; H E pr iO .i o 9,*:1 h >' ;1 € d € 4oFF X o 13 A..:H H tq N *6 .: .2 ji 2q = t 'ri.*E-6229 HO € H ; g S 9'AdX 8. t' -t' : n d;z .E:E5rE H u2 q8. ! G k 'qEof BEE; E ;H i'P x d {2=-6. 9 o Eq) gE H F /-;3U 'J E I b A H in,il':lc3g .a n € 3.n 'i 'n sg - = bgd€ oai =o tr e la"tg n H c362 I e a .1?^+A € .q - aa.d E"a; * > o 'eJ .= P .ied4 o o ;9 ct .= a*4= P -' ;i ..-.= -:i OLe : j: e! .aF,i !> : @ >' '.t F .!r:H-RA .? d :=e; i: issesa diii.4 ;o q F oe=o '6 9 i a e i- =;FFiHFi Fi--- fi E= 15. "c\614 I 'r q O:Jsg O O dH \.il CJ aoo) r:iZZF. yr< L o :i9 p. * sEa t^^^ fl: h o) Ht-sl I r- i Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 36 covERNtvrENTAL PnovrsroNs FoR MEMBERS ol' PENSIONS. DISABILITy pnxslots.l The basic life pension for disabilit;r is graded to length of service beginning with 10 years. Up to 10 years' service temporary pen- sions are granteclfor from 1 to 5 years, accordingto the duration of military unfitness. After 10 years disabled soldiers receive a li{e pension in 12 classes,varying with iength of service. If before 10 y.uru a soldier is incapacitated not only for military service but for \rage earnrng rn civil life, he receivss tho 10-year pension. Ito these basic pensions is added, in case the soldier has been wounded in battle, or, in time of peace,in actiVe service,the annual injury bonus varying from 288 kronen ($58.35)for loss of two limbs or blindnessto 96 kronen ($19.45)for less seriousinjurios- pnpnnonNrs' PENSTONS A widow may receive a pension not only if her.husband dies at any time as a result of war, but if he dies during active serwice in time of peace or within 5 years of retirement from injuries incurred in the service. If the husband at death had legal claim to a pension, or if, d,ying in retirement, he was maintained in an invalid home or, instead, drew a disability pension, the widow is entitled to the dependent's pension.' To insure his widow's legal claim to pension the marriage of an o'fifrceror noncommissioned officer in time of service must have been duly auf,horized by the military authorities. Widorvs of privates draw the pension rvithout regard. to time or authorization of marriage if the solclier died in war or from in'iury or disease incurred in service. l'or the widow of an officer the amount varies from 4,000 kronen ($810.40) to 400 kronen ($st.o+) per year, and for the widow of a priyate or a noncommissioned oflfi.cerfrom 200 kronen ($40.52) to 48 kronen ($st.zz)per year. If a soldier has been killed in battle or has died one vcar's "vithin time frorn injury in battle or fatigues of war, the rn'idolv receives as war bonus 50 per cent, in acidition to tho regular pension. ff, more- over, she is clestitute ancl incapable of work, she receives the a,ckli- tional sum of 96 kronen ($f g.+S) per year. The v'idorv of a soldier having claim to a civil pensionas well as a military pension drarvs the military pensiorroniy if the soldier Cied in miiitar"y service,but if this is lc.ssthan the civil pension,the balance is paid from the civil-pensionfund. t Law ol Dec.27,1875, R. G. Rl. No. 158,p. 335. c Law of Apr. 27, 1887,R, G. Bl. No. 41, p. 187. Provided by the Maternal and Child Heatth Library, Georgetown University 1\,TII-I1'ARI FORCi.]S AND TI{EIR DEPEI{DENTS. o{ot lr -^.2, l;. ci ci L ) *t = ; FL rK a.: .: FF ':'7 V,A ? \) a u)* k,\ !v e a,A \ at s a: =XE q s9 9ri FO u- I Fr cj ;h \S +a- or. a |: q h: i-_ a H H :!> Q/, d at UF .:-P1 p.; ! \3i ';9 \g c)-a e- .:e .4; q OrOlrO€:+l-d 0) roo{icar:N*@ do -a -5:< fri n rol..'i+6d.j 1., t f€ H;ssE'€?tiF;z5iaEE€ti* 99C9333i9 x.i +E ot C{.+rcOcOCcl.d(o O!r Q .-r F. t-c{O)O6la't -q EeaggBEifFEi3;gE OA xz.; [iaff ;= -jd 7d F'i, rOO>ml-al€O$ $-; $@O)i*lcOAH c! s..: oi c.i d oj ei ''j o. c.i S(Ji? i6lc!clmcnm$ F;: i'c = ^ -. vvvvvvvv dPn :.;5bq rO Cl cO rit O (O 6l cO -x :-: b4diY O)iN$€NO)O 6 -titr X;E' ; ii; *icl :AE Y * - .-i ge :i dNl da : Y' *€Nt:Olt-61 6 t1 i 6:kHoi ca a.J -+r <.r r.) ro <) € cl .= ! o qih !i ; iiPi UJtsd 'n =# ia^ rloo6!coo F: ,\$ X c) €,j. H t- <,1C € 6t -r rO d t3A HOO)r(O+SC\ ca Q+rao:oea6iact Nmm_f*f,rt.O(O /i ts"AeFii!.:,i:toH+.:-*=;lr,Ez"zEtEa a -.q \6) 'c' -|€cn(oo!f'ca6l Rd i4t-aXil-h 'd Or-cCCr-=n3l- t- .a r*cFE*gr;esEs i, +C:,4*1C6lcOm E:= : g:." com+rim€@N ! F.l i'F: E_6 _. .{ cc:o+i]ccc(c+ .L d*olc\c{f;mo_i gE UF I ':. i I Ia;iEg!€Ei:;i {d I- s-- E==:EEE-'-;E* a.iFE o Ei--iE ;. c)c' *_ 7.4' € ?,,a -f :f m 6l Ci r-CmitClNrOCa ri.jc.'.i6idN+ |n $roro(oraEo H IJ @c.l 0O:trO'.OCl 0a (n *ro7:N€orf;(o !a c-l C\ 6{ 3t ct aa - \| =.- -:, I .=* ,-: vo I u9 1 :/ (t .= i - ^J t' . :t al al -, Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 38 GOYERNIIIENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF 4 vx q) S-q @ 1-aQ 4 !9 6 a /t ts35 co ,7 ri 6 q @tr ''a LJ I ci 9: ,iq i.9 -,oe I d) I I U) c) I -d ^rh a : a-'a vh - ,,v \ -JJ I U -O I 6 r'l€ v, I H6 do I 5..9 ci tt -t-- ua '1 d t) dx ':l =7 r:lh a i H I =*x a- :j 't? a I .2.-'!' > I b@ r;-.. JA XJ 'a .n = I Y I ;i cn RI E - I ii.: so 4l= t ^k t^^ +a :-n Cir--aiI-CYl; o00(r4ma!300 do! A': .: r\ = 5.9 -j t-c})Clrnm.-Y(C *>-'- 4 *'i -a .: rOOml-il=3 6'n1. 'A&a;9,iij. 1.^ -. -ul si,= a 9 qo_ d- 5 9; E tr c))Ol\OOc.rrtO o,i v- iei6lNmfifr.\ tFj ^! ! d- 9b4 tr.c4=-ii" (oc\I s3=trO(3C\l ^'= @ Hd 6 G* N $€t:O *t! *i* ndd g\ dh d-'- Ea ?iEEE . -d 'sd H ? a 6r-EE SJ;: ob!=. a=s ttl 7 bt +'-) do *4.t r r1.-.^ a €'l J;- cocQNOlr*tCi '::-{ "i'- @roim!rFt:\j{ C: + NEfJ N ,l)E H,tF7?z?fri'f.irooa!comI- ;i 4i. H66 gE 6ic.r6lmm-i$$ ,, i6 :aF r -:-l! !U -"-c--. E iEegr: cact'+aioco(c$ d c .iq .s+c I Oc\lin(ooco)*co itsid-*clil ,:dx >.Y4 L?iJ :'d be -. /. € Eri€BsEBsg ^d qR :'- d:vLd +ir t^-.^^^^^^ | ---ill-.NrCloO .; ca F >.i Fq 6 Ito?YY',?t?? ^? J). Y t:riZEaEEEsxt e l$@6!roo$mN | 6{C{mCe\4\n$a d,'ao:.4 1^-Z q€;81ft f; EF 7= ;9 >';; F X'H =\ I C{-fit@ONa'cO .a:;tr EnTiEd!::;=?a1-ijI ii:*a.l .\1 6lcq r -.-A ;:3e = ;:E\t;aa!!zeae I 4> Q,.-zi .! L1 . *'^ 'i .d- AO -l '!%:i: t^--^^^^^^ , -.a ..4 Z.r , -p14 -h i m90oarorc*O I Y,== ca i{e: -!-Ot\<:'*flOt :-;i^ra I !":--- a I o;+odo:!ommms a I Nmcassra'oi5rc )o i:! *;Ei:i=,zzi1i.Evvvvvvvv ".q i! ^ " I s.5x ii;;'::)=;;iEE-E | $caN(oo+coN co -icJclii=f(tm* at I m -' I HdrOiC-t6la{:t 7: a ,^.'! '>CA.f,2-J i"6i?p11Fe=eiz tii; E:{E fF ;._ *! o 3 ;.!_!! s ;_=; r;=- a t .r-d-=€ y^'< l-C ? tr ,S3E .YXFrYo t^^^^.-.-^^ ,='-Jrc) t\ O <'1 il F.'r.' -a*in** | $-orOm-Nn N ro s!f ?"-i'n-u qp- ;;;=?^Ea?XigiZ .. I oNmcrr$c)r- t\ | +o>,d-icicircri n cd ^; ;!'- Y -r ;{a ! cam$roro€(3r r i g agc'; I €(.-n6IOcO(C $ i 3fr iiO)C\t40OOaa'-D Eiisil;iEa;s I EE?d.96 !. Ez:'iEPVX;;rtiE E I - i 6l c! ol ca ca.r:ar: c.) \@z=i.in-:a-;=C I u-.za I r' a": =: e5 I HFii96 -__- ,t____ ^g.q u ^ ^ Fl O riq-d:Y O i ^^^^^^^^ ) v'4 - >,4 .^-r r'.-.".^'C..' I OQr-'omNOcO co Y a.i.! - tr @ ct XX ;::il i?.1TTT'?TC': Fn--v9 E :;H:E;E srE iE a* | @6i@$iN$ N =!i ewg I m$roroorNcor r 6 I vvvvvvvv jc E !.: -E (J ,-:"=i4;l:*5€e5 i cr*,roccoc.tvqc -!d d'd i Otl4OAlh0O* 00 i i6tc] 6rcoc6a6$ Fsn EEs sEsEgFEn;€EEEi .=4a6=* 6 I tsH!qS.i 6 F !:! aq o -;yr:7rnFJa;9.= ScBgdXH 'e oE i:ttr= x ?grgfF .o ON a @* $b-O E *-:;a!6talf; Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILI'IARY FORCES AND TITEIR DEPENDENTS. 39 The widow's pension lapses at death, remaruiage, failure to claim it, acceptance of a position in Governrnent service, entrance into a cloister, emigration, or penal sentenco. If the husband of the "widow's second marriago dies leaving her without pensiorr, she may onoe more draw the pension she is entitied to throug'h her first husband. Children of officers, noncommissioned officers, ancl privates of a marriage duly authorized by tho military authorities, or children legitimated by a lator marriage so authorized, are entitled to pen- sion if the f ather diecl in active service rn'ith ciaim to pension, or, clying in retirement, $'as maintained in an invalid home or insteacl drew a disability pension.l Children of prir'ates and noncornmissioned offi.cers of any marriage, regardless of time or authorization, or children legitimated by u latcr marriage, draw the pension if the fathe]" was killed in war or died of injury or disease incurred in service. The total amount of orphans' benefits may not exceecl for an officcr's chiidren tho amounb of the widou"s pension; anil the sum total of the family's pensions ilra}r not exceed the amount of the pen- sion receivcd by the ofificer,if pensioned, before his death. Each chilci of a privatc or a noncommissioned officer receives 48 kronen ($tl.Z' ) por yea,r. The amount of pensions paid io the whole farnily must not, horvover, exceecl BGOkronen ($22.94) per year. Full orphans, or children whose mother or step-mother has no clairn to the rvidou"s pension, receive the children's pension plus 50 per cent, in addition. The sum of these pensions may not, exceecl 360 kronen ($72.94). Ilence, if there are more than five full orpharrs the share of each rvill be 360 kronen ($22.94) divided by tireir number. Pcnsions to children are paid up to the so-called normal ase: In case of oflicers' children 20 years for boys ancl 18 for girls, and in case of r:hilclren of solciiers, 16 years for boys and 14 for gir.Is. lihe pen- siott tnav cease ear'lier if the orphan enters a military or naval educa- tional institution, or other public institution at thc State's expcnse, is mar"ried (if a girl), obtains a salariecl position, public or private, is apprerrticcd to a tlatle, etc. }{ET'I{OD OF PAY}{ENT. '['he widow's and orphan's pension is paid monthly in advance, begirrning with the first da;,' of the first month after the solclier's death. T'he children's pensions are paid to the mother or step- mother, or, if there is no such, to the guarclian. The disabilit;' pen-*ionis paid monthiy in ach'a,ncebeginnirrg the first day of the montir after the issriing of tho retirenrcnt orcler. la Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 40 GOVERN]VTENTAL PRO\TISIO^*S T'OR NIEMBERS OF ,.rl :AA vA ! ,$ sei | 39r I .im q: | 9r.Y I 'ct,4 {i lai" I ,i i:* l? | ;'i I rm .iq I F.9 | q)i EE I EP I @ fi' ;g s | I - -j--'-. TS roo i-tF ,$Oj v, '6LF loco I c I I ic6 .@N c!, I e I Fa;' I c) o) lJ I H l_ I _ ; | ; I --: I r q I E I gi I ct a t aF: I '5 I bf, I ? C.o E z6 A'6 I I | ---^- ll-.-l ,mr @ RsE I I EH I :{m SHd 'ci+ 'd , | | E3EI 'oc az p 3 6'g' ::IF r? | E | I l=-- LM br I P I iF - 'E i tr.,:i | 5 | =; I 61 Avd n I u | tr.s I (o Q:ri de;; R I I Ee I dF= o at | 2F I @ S.dg !l .. isE ct tl :c6 A-/i, o | | -A I Y .A9gE \o. ;R* a! i I e I ErcI ;$? *.qla b | 5 | ;'g' I 'dat :Ec) El: | . I RE,i ro .Sp'E vFtt EI € I EEI >-t : E | fi I 8e I --;Y,^H cJvo ;l lz& I -: , orciE r\ 6l =zd 'vn8tr '*F; .; .i h! 'E | | I 'dF= ;193 | | E;.s I .c a ,/a f ll-.!l I\N .d .zQ; :oo .:.!F ! c | I A .rO.I E I sd I Flg .oL- %tr I $7 ;i" ,mm "i ,:! I Ea| I -l I d': I I ai I n: I 6l I | ;= | gE i I iE I Ef; I| 7& i |l | -i .iiH. .+*H3:9.E- 't'= a4bta=e':.!hJ o.+: e.: F'd tr :Y'- F EI;Zri€ flsEr-$ia;E : sHFF O I| .i'nEH#E agg.;g,F;'==ci'; :EH.r -ti.: a tr;. -. ; | R-.4 9.5|;: p1.:SEI xB;i: :2;E E bEi= 'qEZA i 6 EEezp*=,"-tHe it I ".g'=3;iE€ u ;;; F i 'F Ehi'3 t:;E ElHsi:3H:i1s:Eff EE B .:iE;i; ,iE | k.i.;.- riF#.9.::E'.E.!:FFEjE't€ e I E I l-' *:i HI < OFts- 3l; ;.:.i Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MII.ITARY FONCES AND TITEIR DEPENDENTS. 4L F ;f;8s2,:;t j I E: ?2, I ,trn N lg; i.=E;Er -l ;il :iE t.lr f iEE.,;EEEeI* -.; I *:q:':;i # c.r i: I i;>'.2- !, 'i rq,:r=i A d P fi l*Ei.fg3g,-E q s, i iEEelE'.$16q ,*rsR lp;rs=He liiHl.EglliE".3d i A f: F I i.osici E E i : i F.S=-F.9 ; b V: J l.e;s=o+ 5 ; Ii;]F"IE E F i: I S"6.E:'i ^-r f iE:}g€sEi Sfi m E==-aEi; c, i: $ l€E;:;B F E 3. _-: I 5o:.trid 5 tr €at: -i I cdo59'-! i" + s ;( | ha3:€ 6: a rx' I xt5€3? * I h.::E -^3 .€ d i: S i'Ec969ts ; P == "i $ x l€eg'tEilslisEn$E .'q i: l_:-c;.; € x F--=E-i '? EEiF3$.S * o llgs;al ; 5 (ai v 6l t\ o 6) Y + lg3.iye,: Fi 4 ^-ij* Il:t€Eir* H.:X"?r! E --^__. i ?E€*f : ,? fi F ee-i lsir=:;rEa.;pf i*:tEA .€'i e- ;'? li{;-#Egrgr| .i.*-;-: E E'XFq v : l€ciuF-EEll E i-:- g h! I| ;>crTt;,=d4.. i=.! c,--. # i Yc€=-.lS -F {_ i =::3a E€e $: e I't:.H:!!sF a e i lsF'E€'l:qE4 Tc i H.:6i'::f::- or ,{i: qs ---l iI :HFEF;.E:F.:6ill=I ca .C:i *!i:F i f:r .c.; I --^5.Fo53;I ^l .i_=;r Px ?cr 3! iF3;cirfltHi.5g-!:;aI; ,".i I Ei.$: E€-i: I __^--j s;; ;s F s ir:e:;,9,3hI s; ;3 e r l.i:bE;E5iiH v€ ? ltsEgF.H'c1" Z f: I U;.:,"€ 3 t.g E -^--_.-_:=__i^__=___.*i .iiEEilz=4.3:;Ei;. g $ H Fr qa- j?221:F.4;tri i-e,rcd7:; -g ea : lE'H.5EiEs*"rJEs€:F368B $v) tr lts*Ee.9Ehfi 6 F i;ssgte:€l:H$9i9;€ =E lF=^=-;^qrE ts ,\-l-l .g;€!s,.nE6'AB:.io;;iE4 s-q FN A': i 6EE.kbEo;E os l'FF'iE:;:i-- g rrj I E -F.Q ; i'6i ci.: C. 3r ilIlF;€HHg&F.F EiEft;€i'E xn lFSraqE2::.EnlFStac€j"'H : I PZgE;EEEE ---*-----_l lH€€;s=EIF;lHf:i=;I"€i3 J :l-l:;595:iiEq::P;':-,=.:."'F : : l*ri:L=u:c:c) i i'p g E;EasksaS&,S p" I;:giE=Elt=I ;: t.;:'ZS='75 3;s= I ' ls";rf r: i s$sH jEFnI€€ ii!;$;i iiFiEf liiflEgEgJsJ-i5- "EEs I igE"$- Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 42 GOVT]IiNMDNTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF li E?EgEiffi*ffB g81 :!;E:EiEi;i;ii E:;i lgili iiH*gEFg f;-li i:ie:Eaffii:*:cr€*gi;;ej*€i3;;;Eiel's;il#i11i*3;ie EieE 7, sE*fi:eiE:i;iE€ ;gliE{!;i iE?es*;?n Eils ,4 ;€#i€i:#i?:3*Fi^:iH:lsg;€i:3:Eii siit - c4 i*affil!fitraeiE;*i gi !!iEl i:gi;.*eie TJ r gF;l.zal}zc : ; ; r v) $E5F; 9,ii ii 3! ; E :zi: E#E* Hf v7 Qzz q"3q6id .33€i Ee q) c\ .:iFl .:. s 65 H =A 'Ya fiv 9H YA t v;l - >>ti EF.l s€E;$E o Fd tra' "ed€H HL i ! *9 C Atr x*:€;3;EE >'r :.9 q) F FA ?E F': lc 9.q ^-- ** !9N :5d q E:EEE€ = ='!r A,e 63 'Eqa EE h'h ?tE 3H*i3E- H! crs F- 9?.: ol gIE €ik t'- x-"eE: ii oe =!i t-- oE- :j !J i :: d'1ri i>q +€o: .i.n= .q hor >i)fr UJ ra:E;f=:;E' -.9 ^aV ^ ^^' .r at]) U ^€ bj X 9 t.E'? voi FTbh € -r-d iiEv::3..E€s'e a. =?.E .]h: * -3 @r tsv 4--i 1-', f E K;A a ^€Hd a/ | t aa f'aa 9!a '=a- i* € E=-.i4Er El.E F) ?l= *E-! 2 6.e Fq93 * .:57 ==; -n/o -Ee 5 -8=:? si* Ig; F SE FEES ':;> -a > ;4o 6E;1 5 li 'e; €E ts i!* E:;^ E;E 7 6i d{ h-E a i!'t i= == 2 .;7 Ei E EfEEi?d'tEi: F .--:-$ ts6 t 6. -aro, 2r- e g g a ts:r'- r r-.iF t F ., =Ya=aEE;7 EE H'.;ts c3=_ -Ll ^ ^24 'r p=9 F9-oi' !o'ca FY €1,.x a -^=i =: Y iig i.V- ci .o=';; T;A EZE: ai-'#,56 S a Y:1-rl' t;:- '=1 EEE E:Ei;s 3 iSrxirEB O ; " t- ;: E'E ',' 2u'a9:;iI? H :!€ ?!:!!: dz7 --ii liy-i a 'J.r'a !,.::J=-'7-n'.)al t qJ ^n i1 t a:.4 o Q -:'; Yv Ct.J > Ea,Ea*iEiiti 111 { 6) 1=zz-i.E..i.9F E ?* t.21 . 'r':': - aa: ==-> .=.t, ."^:.*!X-x;d= =Ze d=:= a=9, Fal 'Y{-.a ifEru€;#;r*::i E:: A"'Hi= F{ 6PJ: E-ts i Y ; W=4.J q.:-> e fa f;E#7iEv l i:l 6'-3 o.i4 " i:;-i =T 2j a 3A'.4"^ t E; ZlEii|tE a a :'oa6 .--*-e y<'u;_:,i:='iZ aotril-/>."u,=v :,EEailE!!:::;E i.! 5. >'te g .'1 z > ri a;.i H jlI'?i3::, vz,.t?;'1.s;q ieZ;-_-7 i,i;3 3.-t. '- c;;sr? €zeE,EiZ- C) s:.. i^ " ?,.7j =. - a Aep.= (n .s!yr '*:l'--9 =': Z i -, y..: ll i1 -:i :EiiE*Eir.:z;;.{g;'r.-7.2.:r".opi. r;:a--i-EcEfa F ta:*?oqE;;n::- --h, \ aa!!o;e! Eb tEE< \) EE*;=-'E":'i q) a s; d c @ u tt >, d d €o € k bo d a) a Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND TIrEIR DEPENDENI]S. 43 FE51r€I:5 €EI F: *f :I#;; a;;iei €ie i*E gc :ia;Er€s f;s35il;;g* ;ff;[€; ? i=.i';:g EE:F *EEEf I ;E;;;E F.i* e a 3E{Es#:€: I!; g!!i:gF!:s€ ;EEE;?e€esi i:;3Ai*sEigffg;;! Tii Ei'€$;i€;l*iii gE.E ;iiiif aii:;ei grE€;riEei?:5ig;iii r;i;;AE z"b;;E s u*#;:, r; 5 8 E'Ei- H€.3 F 5 F.E8,- 5S !E _- A.E$ LLd €EE q>5 g93Eiail=.jj o >- rn A.l I i 9;^ Fg:;IE"EE€ E I iFEg€es 57* 'EEEH=X-E3icx>,o-,:] Sitro H I EAi E; qE ; i :: >,.. o #€€=;;!erQ L* i I ;*5I;Ee i,, '; g'i ers:t*'i ^N Es=;5;Eo! h - ) ^; @n^ 3I I 3 ^ok . AH€ i *E€ rc J Q)€ i r-5 b';i!.e sg!i;55i:gs I siN 9 d Y',.aC + -aE EEQz'z..-*t!* vo? co : I :.,.; J g v? bi :A i o\*F.!drR g:E gE:8--'- :;:;;F?:453Ea I H=:;E .!:q?t=6.!:E d; I eg -=^=eE FT, i15 : P" r_i :;; :"i H;EIg f ZI:ZEZ,"ae'3 I on E.:5 --si-ia*-a€+ l rJg i.'^ #sr!i*i f.i91D :- :-! 22 t:aEir --t > E'F iE is Ei- tLi .=.i :- =! trr b! ,2 14 9 ).j s; 5t, i: pE 24 z; ,2 "'7al b;i: .-.2 av i*$ A: IE",x el ffii;i' 1:{' != ?9qIsH :a;'*5 Eri?ai ii E:i. iE?:{ tr ^ i a{ .{ E:i'A, E Y ,-r: .o9'l E.: -: iE." .=cJ X-!:;^9 g,ii tZE:rZ Esi bi? ,ri|.?Ei, ffii t7= i;+ir*-i**ll - 6:r-- *"i i bu -r E.?!-'''a'42= ;; *i t,::.! i< d,z.2s "..'> 3i;.EI os5aifr FZ':tEztEE**z*:4i" ri!'EE "a 'E.e bo k cJ *) >..: d .:E @ Fs 0) d.= n L 6)d dl 43 trx H H Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 14 GO\TERNMENTAL PROVI$ONS FOR ME}TBERS OF FRANCE.' [For abbreviations used in this section soep. 67.] SEPARATIoNAND oF oFF'ICERS "ffiirf#,?*fl[".,?i lSl"lHItrES '['hc r,hiof provisions for the support of soldiels' farliiies in Frauce are the separation aliorvance, paid to the family rn'hile the breatl- g,inncr is au.ay serving thc colors, an ASSIGNED PAY. The pay of privates in the French r\rmy is negligible-25 centirnes (4.8 cents) a day-and can not be relied upon as a contribution to the family fund. Above the grade of private, nrachiner,v is providet{ for the voluntary assignment, to the family of one-half the military pa,v; ancl even for the assignment by official arithority in case no vol- untarl'assignment has been made.' This, horvever, is canceled if the solclier upon notifi.cation fails to snnction it and states his objection 'fhe in rvriting to the militaly authorities. plan seen-"Isto be intended fts an aid in tho assignnrent of the pa.y according to the soldicr's n'ishcs rathcr than as a lncasure of conrpulsion. In c,ascsof solciiers " missing" or dead the assigned pav is continued until the rnaiter of a pension is adjusted at the end of hostilities, unless the a,mor-lrrtof assigned pay-is less than that of the pension, wherr the assignment stops and the claimants Inay at cnce dravt advances on tlrcir pcrrsic'n Througir the machiner.y of the civil govenunent, mobilizecl nren s'hose civil s:ilary is continuecl rnay assign it as a whole or in part to u'homsoever they wish. to designate. But no provision is macle for assignmcnt by St,afe authority in case of fnilure on the part of the soldier to assign.s t The French rnaterial u'as preparotl by Miss Edith Rockrvell llall. 2J)ecieeJan.10, 1912(Ilull.off.min.delaguerre,vol.60); Oct.9, 1914(Dalioz\212). 3 la$'Aug. 5, 1914(J. O. Aug. 6, 1914). Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITAITY FORCESAND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. 45 Scrrnour,n I1--Fronce. }fi.Litary pay. [Source: Agenda ]filitaire 1916.1 A. OFFICERS AND TI{OSE OF EQUIVAT,ENT RANK. IAmounts outside ol parentheses are in francs; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.] Pay (yearly pay calculated at monthly rate) (-ioneralof division: Chiefintendant.-.-. 1,665(1121.35). cenetuimeaiAai6iir;ct";-..--.---...-.--..-.--- Brigadier general: Militarv intenclant... 1,200(231.60). Iledicalinsuector- - - Colonel: Subintenclant, first class- Chief phvsician or apotheeary,first elass-- Lieutenarit colonel: Subintendant, second class. - 675 (130.28). After 4 years of grade or 32 years oi l'hvsician or apothecarv maior. third elass. - - - - - ser\rlce. Chief administiative officer oitfie various serviees- 600 (115.80). Before 4 years of grade. Caota,in:- .{ssistant in the intenilance-. - )555 (107.12). After 12 years of grade, or 8 years of Physician, apothecary, or vetorinary major, I grado and 30 1'earsof serrice. secondclass. l5l0 (98.43). -{fter 8 years of grade, or 4 years of Administrativo o{ncer ol the various services. ) grade and25 years of serviee. first crass. 1.165(89.75). After 4 years ol grade or 20 years of Chiefinterpreter. flrst class. . I senice. Chief musibian, first class - - . J420(81.06). Ilofore 4 1'earsof grade. l,ieutenant: (73.45). After 8 years of grade and 20 Physician, apothecary, or veterinary aide.major, 1406.50 J'ears flrst clads.' I of service. (69.77). After 8 years of grade, or 4 years of ,\dministrative omcer of the various services, 1361.50 ) grade and 15yecrs of servjce. second clas.q. (63.98). A fter 4 years grade, years socond 1331.50 of or 10 of Chief interpreter. class-. - serrv'lee. Chief musi^cian,second class- . I J301.50(58.19). Ilefore 4 years of grade. Sublieutenant: Cadet sttblieutenant - I'hvsician, apothecary, or veterilary aide-rna- lrro ,rr.rrr. .4.fter6 vears of service. ior, secondclass. lz+o 1+0.221. Before 6 years of serriee. .{ rt:,li:ristrative o fTicer of the various services- - . . '220.50I Cadet veterinary aidernajor, socond class-. (42.56). Sublieutenant of reserve, rvho has not flnished his 210(40.53). leeal timo of service. Interpreter - 777 (34.16). Chaplain. 465 (89.75). f* Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 46 GOVEBNMENTAL PROYISIONS FOIi MEMBERS OF Scqpour,p L|-France. fuIi,h'tarypay-Continued. B. NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS IN ALL BRANCHES. c.-- RANK AND FILD IN ALL IIRANCHES (EXCE"T qlRSlL TIJBPI- REGII{ENI| S OF ,tLGnnraw SgenpSgOOr:nnS AND TEli REGIMENTS OF ALGERLA.NSP,\IIIS)' ca'"'alryrnatr; gun ne_r;.srippef; and onl'cr oI enginccring trains: rvork- ncn al;trrched I to battcries; comp-eniescf Corporal wort(mon; ouartermaster;' assisiaiit hcrsg. brigadier shoer; harness qusrtcrml},slcr;- ruaker; drum- brigadicr mer; brrglcr; armoret. 10years' i trumpeter'; iu- servrce. fantr5'sapper; soldier aud pupil musician; soidicrs of pccial sections; badets of miii- tary preprlc- tory scno0is, Pay (daily pay calculated at monthly ralo)..-..-.. 21.60(4.17) 12.60(2.43) 8.10 (1.56) 7.50qr. a5) Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND TITEIR' DEPENDENTS. 47 Scsrnur,n IL.-France. Military pay-Continued. D. NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PNIVATDS, EXTRA ?AY FOR LENGTE OF SERVICE. 't_.. I)ailyI )utly extra pay. pcy. I I fJranch of the , serYice, ;;; ;;; years. roars. l;,-''.rears. I i I I 1.20(0.23) I Extra pey of a Noncommissioned offi Cavalrv"of and artil- cers and thoso of equil'i lery cavalry "11i6#"?.'ii"'f 'J?31 corporal is givcn alent rank. (Soo pay divisions. cludedin the month- to musicians r ho table.) Other branehes---- 1. (0.193 lv nav. receile tho Pay Corporals1...-.-. Car,'trlryrind artil- .93 (0. 18) . eg(b. ie) 1.os (0.20) of corporals. lery of cavalry I 2 Master gunners of dilisions. I the artillerv serv- Other branches---. .60 (0. 12) .65(0.13)l .70 (0.14) ing be-vond the reouircd tims Privatest...-... Cnvalry anil artil- .85 (0.16) . eo(0.1?) . or to.isl haio the right to iery of cavalry | a spccial extra divisions. I nav of 93 cen- Othcr branches-... .20 (0.04) . 25(0.05) . 30(0.06) times ($0.i8) a | day' I Conttnued, saktrr.es.--Officials and employees of the State, when mobilized, have their civil salaries continuecl rvholly or in part accord- ing to their army grade. If for those proYided in the army with the grade either of ofiicer or of noncommissioned oflicer the military pay is less than the civil, the difierence betrveen the two is added from the civil salary; if the military pay is higher than their civil salary, the;r do not draw the civil salary at all. Those who are serYing as pri- vates in the army are entitlcC to the v'hole of thcir civil salary which, as stated above, they may ?ussignwhol.l;r or in part' for direct paymenb to their families.' As Goverrrment, pay is continued under certain conditions, so cer- tain private employers appear to have continued the salaries of thcrstr of their workerscaller.l to the arm}'. The Government doesnot super- vise such moneys in arny $'ay but has ml.ed that a separation allow- ance can not bL drau-n hy the family of a soldier enjoying a con- tinuecl salary, either State or private.2 SEPARATION ALLO'W'ANCE, Of the o{ficial resourccs the chief substitute for ihe breadwinner's regular earnings is the separation allowance, established in time of peace for a limited class and extended gradually from the outbreak of thc lva,r to cover, first, all needy families of enlisted men-whether French living in France, the colonies, or abroad, or those of allietl nations living in France lvh.osebreadwinners haYe joinecl their own or thc Ifrcnch colors 3-and, second, " all needy French families residing r Law Aug. 5, 1914(J. O. Aug. 6, 1914). : tr{inisterial circular Oct. 10, l9l4 (J. O. Oct. 11, 1914). decreo Aug. 1'1'1914 3 Law Aug. b, 1914(J. O. Aug. 6, 1914);docres Sopt. 15, 1914(J. O. Sept. 20, 1914); (J. O. Attg. 15, 1914). >- Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 48 covERNMENTAL PRoYrsroNSFoR MEMBEnS oF in llrance whosc breadw-inner-not a soldier-i., without fault of his o\vl1, a victim of a circumstance of rvar sufrercd on l-rcnch soil in a regiol occupiccl by the French Army""l Tirc- ailowancc' fixed b-v the ,',1]'li.r1'l.,,."legislation at, three-fourths of a franc (14'4 cents) a day, r.-irh rrir rcklitional allowance of one-fourth franc (4.9 cents) for each tlepenclerrt chilcl under 16 years of age, was in 1913 raised to 1 franc 2b centimes (24 cents) for the chief all.orvance (at which rate it still continues) ancl to 50 centirrres (10 cents) per child for the additional to 75 cen- allowance. In 1g17 this adclitional allowancc was raised 'bcfore times (I4.4 cents) and extended to inclucle ascendants who, rnobilization, werc dcpendent on the soldier"z The allow&nce fund is charged on the budgct of tho military depot in which the solilier is registered. It is arlministered b;- special com- missions (one or more in each canton) consisting of three members 'Ihese appointed by the prefect. cantonal commissions decide on 'who the m.rits oi caseslransmitted to them by the mayors, receive direct applications from the families claiming the allorvtrnce and for- warcl them to t,he cantonal commission together with a stat,ement of the economic conrlition and size of the family and a cop]' of their tax rr,c,eipf, on v,hich their right of application is based.' The decisions of the cantonal commissions go into effect at oncct but are open to appeal either by the claimant (if rejcctcd) or by the subpreferi (if the grant appears to him to have been unjustly given) before a commission of five members appointed by the prefect and meeting at tho chief torvn of the district. Above these local commissions of appeal stands thc superior com- rnission appointed by the minister of thc interior as a last, court of u! of 31 nrornbers, was appeal. thir commission, consisting Il*t lut", increasccl to 50 ancl finall;r 100.a With them aro associated a nurnber of juclgc ailvocates and a special represcntative of the Gor'- ernment utra hir deputy. The commission sits cithc,r in sectional groups (of rvliich there are 10) to consicler casos assigncti to them by ih" pr"*iclent of the commission, or in general assembly, rvhich clelib- erates upon mattcrs referrccl to it b3,-theGovcrntnertt reprcsentatives, or by a-na,rticular section, or upon matters rvirich the president has re."fo".l to be jr-rdgeclin the committee of the wholo.5 Every three months thc prtrsidcnf sends to thc minister of the interior a rcport of the commission's work. (I law Apr' 8, 1910 I Law Apr. 2g, 1916(J. 0. -{.pr.30. iU16); larv Mar. 21, 1905,art.22 . O. lfar. 23. 11105); (J. O. Apr. 10,1910). 1917);larv 2Lan Aug.7, 19i3(Bull.dumin.dutravail,Vol.XX,p.72*); larv}far.31,1917(J'().Apr. 1, (J. O. Attg. 6, 191'1). Aug. 8, tOfalnott. ao min. du trar;ail, Vol. XX, p. ?4*); ministerial circular Aug' 4' 191{ 3 l)ecree Aug. 2, i911 (J. O' Attg. 3, 1914). 15' 1915 r T,arv Doc. ZO,tgt+ (Dalloz, II, p. 24.1);deree Dec. 31 1914(Dalloz, III, p. 9); decreo Feb. (Dalloz, III, p. 198). r,I)ecreo Dec. 31, 1914(Dalloz, III, p. 9). Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University ' MILIT'ABY FORCES AND T}TEIR DEPDNDENTS. 49 I'he objcct of thc soparirtiott ttllon'unc:cis plriinlv tir prevent uralt }TA1'I]RNI1'Y BI.] NN U'r,S. The claim of a newboru chilcl for an aciclitional nllorvance starts frorn the day of birth. A bill for tirc inclusion of an unborn child has failed to bccome la'v, but quite recently the maternity benefit hitherto grantecl to u'omen u'orking for wagcs outsiclc their homes has been extencled to all French wornen drarving separation allou'ance and to all refugecs rerccil.ing special gor-ernrnent aid. This allorvance of from 50 ceni,ilnes (10 ccnts) minimurn to .l franc 50 centimes (2g cents) maxirnum a t-lay extends over a pcriotl of eight rveeks,with an extra daily allowance of 50 centimes (10 cents) after confinemelt to thosc rnothers who nurse their children.t t Tnterministeriai ci-r'cularAug. 23, 1914(J. O. Aug. 25, 1914). r lfirristerial circular Oct. 10, 1911(Dnlloz, I, p.221). s Minister oiinterior, reply to question No. 29&3(,I. O.. .TulyZ, l9lri), I ilrinisterial circular May, 1916(Bnll, des lIsines rle Guerre. 1916,p. 31); rniuisterial circular Jatr. R, 1015(J. O., Jan. 12,1915). 6Lar','J'une 77,1,973(J. O., June lf), 1913);larv Jan. 2t, lgIZ (J. O., Jan. Zl, l9l7); l:x' Julv 30, 1913,art. 69 (J. O., July 31,1913). 10735_t7 _4 Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 50 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOIT, MEMBERS OF INDEMNI'IY FOLi, LAP"GITI Fr\l{ILItlS. This indemnity was established not as wa1'relicf but as encoura,ge- nrcnt to citizens of the poorer class generally in thc rearing of large farnilies. The annual grant is 60 francs ($t1.58) minimum to 90 francs ($17.37) maximum, for each child under 13 years of age in excess of 3 under 13 if both parents care for them together; in excess of 2 under 13 if careC for by father alone; in excess of l under 13 if cared for by mother alone. It is given ooly to needy families and may be receivecl in addition to the separation allos'ance. The rato in each case is fixed by the local authorities, and at the discretion of the a,dministering officer the allowance may be paid wholly or in part in rent or in kind through the local bureau of charities.l INDEMNITY FOR DEPENDNN'I CHILDREN. This was establishedfirst as a military grarrt to oflicers (up to the grade of rnajor), military employees, noncommissioned offi.cers, corporals, and soldiers serving beyond their required term, ancl to the equivalent grades in the Navy, ft, lras recently cxtendcd to civil functionaries as well. The grant is 200 francs ($38.60)a year for each dependent child under 16 years in exccss of 2 children of rvhatever age.z It, may be assigned tlrrough the pay offi.ce,either volunt,arily on the part of the soldier or during hostilities by offi.cial authority, to the wife or other person proving that she has charge of the sol MILITARY PENSIONS AND DISABILITY ALLOWANCES. The pension systrsmof France is at present undergoing a t'horough rcvision by the bill introduced on l{ovember 4, 1915.4 On July 21, 1916,the bill n'as the subject of an exhaustivereport to the Chamber of Deputies by & l extraparliamentary commission, rvhich recom- mended the bill r,r'ithcertain important additions and amendments.s Although presentedin this arnendedform nearly a year ago it has apparently not yet been adopted into law. The preseut,pension law is basedupon tho old larv of 1831,modificd only slightiy from time to time, and that ral,her in the matter of rrltes anclin a r,videningof its application (c. S., to native and colonial trooirs) than in its funclament,alpla.n.u f r*loforl.ttttrt.@ :rJ,l.rv 1J00.30, 1913 (J. O., Dec.31, 1913);dseres Aug.26, 1914(Dalloz, suppl. 1-2, p.52); deereeDec. 15, igll (Dullcz,suppl. 1-2,p.2i0). I Law Oct.5, 1915(Deiloz,Y*I,p.255). I .I. ().r ch, ddp. drc., 1015,,,\nrrbxe 1410, p. 1110. 'J. O., ch. ddp. rloc., sess.ord., 191$,vol. i3,Anubre 2383,p, 1934. 5 Ltw Apr. 11 (Army), 1831,and lax' Apr. 18 (Navy), 1831(Br-rll. des Lcis, gthseries,No.81, pp. 161-176' '&J-217). Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MIL1TARY }..O]tC!iS AND ].I]EIIi DIIPIINDI]NTS. 51 'fhe right to a minim''-rnrpension for lengtir, of service conres to officers and enlisted men in the army and navy after a,na,ctive servico of g0 or 25 years, accorclingto the colps and grade' In cornputing service,years of campaign count double. Beyond the minimum th-e pensionis augmentedby a yearly increasefor servicebeyond 30 or 25 jr.nt*, tho maximum being reaclr.edat 50 ot 45 year$of service. Re- tirernent on a proportional pensionmav be t,akenby those belorv tho grade of officer after 15 years, but this carriesno right to the widow or orphans in caseof death.l ])ISABILITY PENSIONS. The disabiLitv pension is rnereiy an anticipation of the retirement pension, the rate being the rninimum or maxinrum of the retirement, pension rvith a bonus for cert,ein exceptional afflictions. The rvound or infirmity on which the claim is based must, have come from tho events of war or from accidents cxperienced whilo on duty under orders (service command6). The disability must be incuratrle and must, involve at, least 60 per cent reduction in earning polYer' aS measuredby tho offi.cialguide scale.2 (SeeGuide Bardme, p. 63.) Disabilities are grouped into six classesor four grades:3 (1) The amputation of tu'o lirribs or total loss of sight, recompensedby u bonus of Z0 per cent for officers,30 per cent for noncommissioned officers and privates, orrer and above the maximurn retirement, pen- sion; (2) The amputation of one limb or tho loss of the use of tv'o linrbs, Iccompenseclby tire maximum retiremerrt,pensionl (3) The loss of use of one limb or an equivalent,disability, recompensedby the minimum rctirement pension augmonted by the annual increaso of the soldier'sgrade for eachyear of serviceor campaign; (4) Lesser wounds or infirmities pronounced incurable and equal to a tlisability of at leasl, 60 pel cent, judgetl 1-,t'the of{'icial clisabi-lityscale. Tiris classis aiso rccompensccl"by the minimurn te',irenenl, pension aug- mented by tho arinuril increaseof the soldier's grnde for each ye&x of service oycr rLndabove 30 or 25 years. In. thc caseof an fficer ho must bo adjudged incapacitated for further service; in tlr.o case of & noncommission.edofficer or private, incapac.itated for self- support as rvell.a zLarvsApr. lland18, 1831,art. 12; circularmi:risterof lvar, Mar.3, 1906. a Lavrs Apr. 11 and 13, 1831,art. 15-17; Laws June 25 and 26, 1861,art. 4. aLaws Apr. 11 and 18, 1831,art. 14. t t I I I I rI I I I I, iE-- Provided by the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, Georgetown University KO aJ /,J GOVITIRNMI]NTAI- PROVTSIONS IIOR IIDMBEITS OF :icjrrEDUT,n 12 _ I. COMMTSS1ONED OFFI( 1i.]lTS [4. Present schedule. ll. schedultr oi bill introducetl ('. Nov.4 l9ii. Amentlmcnts oroposed ir.r-tire ('ommission, July 21,1 lti.l outsidc parrrrthcses lAmoutits of in {rarrcrs;ctnouDt]r ilsidr of parelth,:scs itr dollars.l G ra Tfiild Army. Navy. afler 30 | class, years. 60 pcr I ({tnt. i General of dili- \.iee atlmiral '.\ 7,000I Slon, i (r,351. 00) l B (r) (-) (1) .l Gerier:rlof lrrigaoej llear admiral - A 6,000 100 8,000l ( l, lirS.00) (19.30) (1,511.00) I B (1) (') (') I 0 (t) (r) (') Colonel...---- "lICaptain (de ;\ 1,500i 75 6,000 r-aisseau). (868.50)j (11.48) (1,158.00 I il (,) I (') (') I (1 (') I t'l (') Lieutonant Coi col- rttnattrlcr 3,700 65 5,000 oncl. l.(:iIl)tiriliile I (711.10) (12.55) (965.00)i frisal.c ). )) (') (') (r) | (l (') (r) (') I Con'otte cali- A 3,000 50 j tain, (ir79.00) (9.65) (772.00).-,,ooo. L} (1) (') (') | C (') (1) (r,r 1 Thc retiremcnt perrsion is not dise,sscd in the proposed ne*, larr. erasscsc::;ial,risled irrrhe l8;f.and,'"1]'::llily-1":'l'::nrct rinea Lo ttre. *.^rt*llL{^"lt:tgiiiqy;;rit;,ii;iTriii,l..'t'r'nrou. prcienfii,". c'it:.ii,;'ibo ia* oi p. 63),80 per qb,frp,*,,.a,.i.Xq.qft'fii'iali",iff$%%";3.'*.';?X'.X'J'fii'#lif.tF,'lJilii?iri"'ilkit*::*ccnt ncnsii i*rroduced,f,i:*ffi:B:andto ,, 'i;iid'i;]ff?lli',i;1u:i!d!':;f."1']""1.'.'J'?$i3"iiiTi,l;'i:lii$aff:,"J:y*i3 '*i,tl*ll',: i*ilrirfi i.enti;rii-;gn!Ti':g*g-*n,lruT***u{r}tir6-i.1r+}i,ti$r;*l[$fflension, \\'i,hTnt-er;di;t. ,."ri-;i'l';;Ji'#:isi: !lhl,lil,;!."ilr,Liil****;5f,11ffi lfl'ii:i!;il'19il$3i?Jiil.';;'ff:* u'flil/*:i"il;'5;i$.''xiii pri,'ates *iiriii,n.'*,"riie a',iper. ro,r,'sbarrd'sder,r,. Irlso,,_"lbpei{'l,llf'll.1ill.1ll,'*lli,Hii,$,fl!'fil,i*lljiJ;lffli freeoEnizcrl\-(,lunlal'ilr. ;T,{ny:r.Hgar';r;i:ii#*ilt#.*r'?ifiitt-i-*ftor.lrrj ucfion oiilt FJ+-'$i{'ir,*;i,'d;#ffiilr; Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University IWILITAR!] FORCT4SAND THEIR DEPENDENTS. 53 F runca. l[i'!:itury pt:rtsirirrs. -r.N D THEIR DITtpBNI)IiNTS. [-\. Prcsentscirerlrrkr. ]r. iiclre(irrle (r. Arncndmcnlspropose(t by trrc " ?.tjkffig*y,Tfririgi: ii,,llir. I:\rnounts outsitle of iii francs; irlri:ltthrsr:s 9-r!I,.jilnfsilsirie oi lrareniheses i1 ciollars.l : _=:_:_::_::_::_*__]::_:r:l -j-::j::::-.-- r__'._ : --_ I i-- j l)('rlriiol)s{cr 1t)r.iasses of rlisrltility 2*('oll irruLrti I i,cnsionr;to i.;idows I :il1rl frlil oroharts.; i lirlil---- Fourilr,:r$f I Fiiih i i irriT| ::'r'r* fu'?Irrr;li i fi'xr | {,.r:i fl*,:lcci"i--:itllitu ccn:llll I ixrifi l?i} t-i _- I*--___j_ ,| ! |I Il-*i*i,1dii:{h I i I l-l;i :: ,,i,,,,iiitf,i,:: :, :i.:: :,,:J :' 'i;t00;"'. j.soo.i' jdo tu;:;8'l_,*;ri (,,rlloli,,,,,,li:,33,l i,,rla:g;,I i, I "'^,r,r* 1,688,,i;o.l75,',','l'^11,, ,,,;i':ii;i",iii:iilj llil,tri; ilii:ii]i i;iliiiil '.. I i ltr;i$]llljli,tri 1,,,11?,13 "'' ' ' ,,;-i;.nol| ?.$r7, n,ooo ' i )l^i.rit,j l:;ii?,rezi'-oioit i ;;o,]oi(t''6*1u33'",,e,:la,1,,,,fiHij;,luir,l"';^*;nu,i,,,.;:;-sl.i rr,;;ico,l1r,rs6do,j,"'oo rv'l.r;,.uuJ\772.00)i (5ie.00)i tnsii.oo)l luri l;t:sa;illiliflj i]i:d3]l littj}fj{ro:l.oorJ i:fto{ijliii.ii;j ffiffii 11'"1ii'e.i1..ii'iiiiio'L'.,norvniecffii*ffifffi*ffi4i"*fitiil,1','T=lril-tfihil,i:l*}t:.',:ftlfurijfat\ifil{i'ri.*,riri It..l,i!i,itT,$,,:it;ggffitq{l.t$fiig,tt"*:t**ilS;*:iThT,"f,';H'H'i;"H#i':'"',1'u;ro*;.ts;ili;i;i.'ili]iti:{itlril.i,s'il."{?[l;",iji,lslT:ll,,,ll*gjl;; lrliudnessana losi-oi'tit;ri'iiriirrs ,,J,rTfijt,J?i.jotrrl *'asraGo iJi"iii""f'ei'en in c onJ.r1. 6, 1e12.(J.o., b- Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 51 GOVERNMENTAL PR-OVISIONSFOR, MEMBERS OF Scssnur,s 12.* I, COI{MISSIONED OFFIC!]RS Rotiremcnt"pensions for length Pcnsioits for 10 Grado. classt'sof oI servlco.r disabiiity.r Iirst Second Third l,finimurn, bfaximrrm.. .Yearly class, clilis, Army. after 30 after 50 per per per years. rncrease. year.J. 100 90 80 cenf. cent. cent. F o i:rth 2,900 50 3,900 3,900 grade. (55e.70) (e.65) (752.70) (752.70) c) (r) (') 3,9oo (752.70) (1) (r) (1) 3,300 (752.?0) 2,700 50 3,700 3,700 (521.10) (9.6i) (714.10) (711.l0) (1) (r) (r) 3,700 (714.l0) (1) (r) (1) 3,700 (714.10) Lieutsnant.. 2,500 5U 3,500 3,500 (432.50) (e.65) (675.50) (675.50) (r) (') (1) 3,500 (675.50) (1) e) (') 3,500 (675.50) First 2,300 50 3,30{) 3,300 grade, (143.90) (e.65) (636.e0) (636.s0) 0) /r\ (1't 3,300 (636.e0) 11\ (1) (r) 3,300 (630.e0) !' o urth 2,300 50 3,300 3,300 grade. (113.e0) (e.65) (636.00) (630.90) (') (1) /l\ 3,300 (636.e0) 111 (r) c) 3,3C0 (636.90) Third 2,150 50 3,150 grade, (414.95) (e.65) (607.95) e) r r'l (1) /1) (') (') I'irst lieuten- Ensign, first class. ant. 2,000 l)(, 3,000 ,r.""ail (336.00) (e.65) (579.00) (i) (r) (1) (1) if l\ (r) 1,850 50 2,850 (357.05) (e.6i) (550.05) "::.:ll"-'ll (1) (r) (r) (r) (^, {1) A 1,800 50 2,800 (3.17.40) (e.65) (540.40) B (r) (r) (r) c c) /r\ (1) Second Ensign, sec- iiouten- class, an[. ond .\ l, 500 40 2,300 (2Ee.50)| (7.72)l (413.s0) ::ltB (1) (1) "-'li lr',1 C (r) i,,,i (r) For footnotes, see plr 52 and 53. Providedby the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity DEPENDNNTS' 55 MILITARY FORCES AND TITT]IR France.. Mil,itary pensi-ott's'-Clontiiiued' AN D TI{EIR D E PENDENTS-Continued' -'+-=_*.+.--_ +,- I Pt'lrsions to wiclows ?_continrrorl. I pensions for 10 classesof disairilii y and full orPhans.e Xxcep- tional: Forrrth Tifth Sixth lScrenthlEi Thretr cllss, cless,lelu's,l^cl fourbhs c!.tss, 3( 70 pcr 60 per 50 pei | 40 I,er | ma--iirrrum ccnt. cont. ccnt.lccnt'lc imulu,sfu1-#$1-retirement. lt ll -t- 1,950 "l--""""'t"-' (376.35) .-l--..--.""1-"- z.goo 2,310 1,950 | | ( (376.35) (5:)0.' 70) I G47,76)l 1,9:r0 ?.{r7I t,srrI (376.35) 1+oo.aall (373.07)l( tl 1,850 tl ffilHlj,sFiml 'l'--""""t"" (3s7.05) ..i.--.. I, b)u 2.700I 2,160| RR)l ( (357.05) rs:i.' to)l (116. ";;i;;ai;!";;ig;i';;,;;4;l :;ii$| 1.850 2,250| 1,800| (357:05) qari.zsll (317.40)l ( ll 1,750 "r"""""'1"' (337.75) -"'i'-' 1,750 2.500| 2,000| (337.75) (4s2.50)l (386'oo)l I I ' | 1,750 2,0q3| 1,607| (32r.73)l gglI (337.75) (402.02)l I tl fii\*fi\ -d\ I r,650 '-'1"""'-"'t"' | (318.4i) .. -1.... ' I 1.650 2,300| 1,810| (31S. (443-eo)l (355.12)i I l;) ' "'.xi:lrl | 1,6i0 1.917| 1,533| | (313.4i) (36e.e8)l (2e5.87)i llirlrl::;*irl iiil$ilI tl trt I 1,650 "'i-""""-'1"' | (318.4.:)) ..-:-.-.._'--"1"- I 1,010 z.roo| 1,8{0| (grs.+;') (413. (3rr5.12)i I ' e0)l I 1,6;0 1,S17| 1,533| (318.4u) (36e.e8) (2e5.87) i I | :;n$l:rnlrl;$l;rl i*illil I ll I r.szs "'i"""""'l'-' | (eor.gsl -..1.-.-.-""'i-" | 1.575 z,tsoI r,720| (+r+. (331.96)l | (sor.egl 'r.7e2si)l I, ;)/a I 1,433| I (276.57)i rl (303.98) (3{5.80)l t r;iitglxnl;ll:i:lrl ifilnilI ll | 1,lro0 -'-i""'-""-r" yl (26?.50) 1, i)00 :,0c0| 1,600| I (336.00)l (3of{.30)l yl (28e.50) ' | 1,500 .1. 6{17I r, 3:13| (2se.50) (321.73)i (257.27)i )i l;r,mrll's;lrlr;*rliifl'*il I lt 1 I l,4"5 )l (275.03) ------:-- I 1,425 r.S'O I l'480 | (2?5.0r) (g;2.0;) (28i. 61) )l ' | I I l, +:ri 1.;12I 1,233I (2e?.01) (237.e7) )l (275.03) I I l;srlrliitilllI 'l::;r*rl :rli?l ,10( t! | 1, ""i"""""1'- )l (270.20) .-..1...r. 1,40( l.S00i 1,4J0| | (r+2. (277.52)t, )l (270.r0l ' +o)l I | 1,{o( r, sool l,2o0l (270.?cl (28c.50)l (231.60)lilr*mrl r*rnrl:lllri iinl )l lll r I 1,1i;i 1,500 i""'-""'1""""-"t' f)l (221.9\ (289.50 i...--,.---.i-.--. I | 1,1,'.r r,767I t,sooI 1,200| |)l (221.9; (341.03)I (:rs.' r,o)l (231.60)l 1,ooo i | 1,1;, 1,500 | i.zso| I i) i (221.9} (28e.50)| 12fl.zsl | (1e3.oo) I iii:fll ttl rl:i:us;l l*illpry1 Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 56 GO\I}TRNMENTAI- PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF Scr{EDTJLE 12.-Franct II. NOI{CO}.{MISSIONED OFFIOT'RS AND 4, 191ir. lA. Plese;rt schedtrle. B. Scliedulc of biil introduccd Nov' parenthescs in dollars.] lAmounts outsicie o[ parenthc:;rs in lrancs; arnounts inside of l'onsions fot" l0 clas:t's of clisabilit5'.2 Tirst Secoucl Thirti class, cllss, class, 100per 90 pcr E0 pcr cent. cent. cent. 1,10C 15 1,400 .l 1 qtn I I '{00 (212.30) (2.s0 (270.20 (i5l.2ri)i- (2i0. 20) (') (') (r) 1,S20l. 1,400I (351.26)l -. (270.20) i (r) c) (1) 2,015I 1,650 1,.lrli;.,4rlii.666G i (3s4.6e)l(3i8..15 (2sJ.C7) I 41,69iJ 1,00{.) 15 1,300 l. 1,300| (193.00 (2: e0 (250.90) (1.126.17) i _ (?50.90)l (r) (t) (') 1, ti90 1,300I (326.17) ."::::...:(250.S0) (i) (') 1,915 1,500 1,333.,._l_?1i?.13:l (309.60) (2S9.50) (257.3.?)i -i,2rro I 950 15 { 1,625 1,250I (183.35) (2.90 (241.25) (3i3. 63) (211.25)l (t ) (i) (r) 1, ti25 1,250I (313.63) (2{1.zlt) i (r) (r) (t ) 1,950 1,425 1,266.66 | (357.05 (275.03 (244.47)l I 900 l5 1,200 { 1,560l- 1,200I (173.70 (2.e0) (211.60) (301.08)l -. (231.riO)l (') (') (1) 1,500i_ 1,200i ------l (') (1) c) 1.7n5I r.350 1,200| (344.r,1)l (260.55 i 300 15 1,100 41,430 I- 1,100| (r54.40 (2.e0) (212.30 (275.Se)1. (2r2.301 (') (1) (r) 1,430l. 1.100 (275.ee)1. "' "i, I (r) (r) e) 1,655 I I,237.50 io,l-l (319.42)i (238.81 (llr:rrtcrmasterA 700 l0 900 41,170l- (135.l0 (1,e3) (173,70) (225.81) It (i) (') (r) 1,l?0 l. (225-81) | . (r) (1) (r) 1,395| 1,050 s3:1.:i:r I (26e.21)i e02.65 (1S0.t:l)l Soldicr 600 7.50i 750 4 975 ?50I (115.E0riO) (1.45) i (r44.75) (1i,rs.18) (r44.75) (r) (i) (r) 975 750I I (18s.18 (144.i5) (') (1) /l\ 1,200 !|00 r00 | I ,10) I (231.60)l (173.70) (151. 1 I ('hielmatc--..r\ 1,234 151 1,534 a2.66b l - 2,050| (zilfr.16) (2.e0) i (2e6.06) (514.35) (395.6ir) i J] (r) ('I) (r) 2,050 i ""'t;osoI {l (i) (r) | (') I i """""-l I{atc----..,--,\ 1,234 15i 1,534 1,800 | (238.1ii) (2.e0) (296.06) (347.{0) I J} (') (1) (1) 1,800| ...."------l (1 (r) (r) (') 1,800I i -..-.-..---l Seconrl mate-A I 1,200 15 1,500 1,500I | (231.60) (2.e0) (289.50) (23e.50) l (i) (t 1,5(Xl | (') ) I I ""-i.;m'l | (1) (1) (1) I '-""""'i I For footnotes, sce Pp. 52 and 53. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University TS. o'l MILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDETT* Mititar y pensiorls-_Continu ed' PRIVATES ANI}'IIIEIII Di] I',1INI]1'NTS' 21,1916.1 C. Ameuclrncnts piopiiserl b1' tilc Cornrnission,Jull' insitle of parentliesosiir' dollars'] fAmoultt:: otrtsirle li irrirgiht--sesi;r {rancs; autounls r'.rt.iun. to t'ic1orl's z- I I..trsi,rrs lor !t) clitss{r:rof rlisa}riiity C l:il'rh Si,-rt'ir Ser.'r)ili'll ;iightlt Ninth For-rrti.r class, class. 1,100 91t1.65 733.33 C;U 366.66 (2i2.30) (176.91) (1.11.53) (106.i5) (70.77) 1,200 1,100 880 060 440 (23r.00) (212.-?0) (igg.gJ)(127.38) (84.92) 366.66 910.65 aJ.f.oD 550 283.33 1,100 ( (?17.68) (212. 30) (17rj.ci) (r41.53) (106.15) 70.7?) 333.33 1,000 tr,iJ. Jt 606.66 500 (128.67) (eo.50) (64.3:i) i (1e3.00) (1ii0.E3) .100 1.000 800 600 1,100 (7 (212.30) .193.00) (154.40) (115.80)' r'.20) 1.000 833.33 6tiii.66 500'i 't.tJ. oJ (ie3.00) (ioo.83) (128.6i) (eo.50) i (64.33) I ?91.65 633.33 lIri) | 316.06 950 (61. (1S3.35) (152.7e) (122.23) (el.68) I 12) 950 760 5i0 I 380 1,050 (73.34) (202.65) (183.35) (146.68) (110.01) I ?91.65 cil3.33 175I 31ti.66 950 (61. (183.35) (152.7e) (L22.23) (el.0s) i 12) 900 600 150 300 150| 600 900 , i)u (57. (28.e5) (115.89) (173.70) (173.70) (114.75) (115.80) (86.85) e0) I 540 360 130 900 1,000 900 720 (31.7+l - (193.00) (173.70) (138.96) (r04.22) (6e.18) I " "'i;obo' 900 750 600 450 300 (202.65) (173.70) (144.i5) (115.80) (86.85) (57.e0) 800 666.66 ak)D, oo 400 266.66 (154.40) (128.67) (102.e3) Q7.n) (51.47) 900 800 640 480 320 (173.70) (154.40) (r23.52) (e2.64) (61.76) 550 412.50 275 962.50 825 687.50 (53.08) (185.70) (159.23) (132.6e) (10rj.15) (ie.61) oio 583.33 466.66 350I 233.33 700 (45.03) (130.28) (i35. 10) (112.5it (e0.07) \67.55)I t)/a) 767 700 560 420I 280 (81.06) (54.0.1) (148.03) (135.10) (108.08) 675 466.6(i 6DU 233.33 700 5f13.:i3 (45.03) (135.10) (112.58) (90.07) (o i. oo) Ot,,1 500 40f) 300 200 600 (57. (38.00) (108.6rj) (115.80) (e6.50 (77.20) e0) 503 (i50 600 480 360 240 (f,9.48) (16.32) (125.45) (115.80 (92.C4) 5ti3 " " " 'ioo- . 300 200 6{')0 500 400 (?) (135.10) (r15.80) (96.50) (77.20) (57:eo) I (3s.60) I 483.33 1,150 1, 450 1,208.33 966.66 I 72it I (221.95) (r3e. e3) (e3.28) (27s.85) (233.2r (iEo. 57)I I 1,150 1,160 580 1, 650 r. 450 I ( -'-""i,ibo (3i8. 45) (279.85) (223.88) I (167.e1) 111. 9.1) 1, 450 1, 208.33 966.0tii 48:i.33 (27e. (233.21) (18ri.5i) (13e.e3) (e3.28) 85) I 1,300 1.083.33 866.66 I ti50 433.33 (250.90) (zos.os) tt+:7.27,:l (r25.15) ($.fir) r.300 1,040I 780 520 r,467 (100.3ri) 283.13) (250.90) Qao.72)t (150.54) 1,,300 1, 083.33 B66.6tiI 650 433.33 (20e.08) (167.27) (r25.45) (83.03) (250.9C) I 91ri.66 733.33 550 366. oti 1,100 | (70.7i) (212.30) (170.92) (1a1.53) | (i06. 15) 1.100 E80 | 660 440 1,233 (84.e2) (237.97) fzii. eot (1ri9.rjl) i (127.38) j 366.66 1.100 916.60 /,JO. O,) 550 (212.30) (176. e2) (14i.53) (10i1.15) (70.77) Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University PRovriloNS FoR MEMBERS or 58 GovERI{MENTAL and successivelaws Disabi]itiu, lyero IooseIYgraderl by custom t'o list the various dis- until 18?9, when i,,comurission rvas appointecl severity' This scalewas a'dopted abilities in a scaleaccorclir,g to their "* ttre^{3,vy qy the ministerial as a stanclard rri ir"tu tt tr*y and 28, 188?, and, thougJesiightly clecisionsof July za Nooe*ber ""a forcs for ttre appiication of modified in 1905 and:C" 190?, it is still in based on the clisability puo*i"rr* gra or Allowancos'^i"o"rtAJintolvilg for cruable or incurable lnflrrnities Iess than 60 por cent disabiiity' 1,400 1,100 (270.20) (212.30) r,300 l, Oco (250.1J0) (r93.oo) 1,250 uilu (241.Zit) (183.35)' t,20{) 900 (231.60)' (173.70)' 1,100 800 (2r2.3.t) (154.4t)) 90c ?00 | (173.70)(13s.10) i ?53 600 (111.75)( 115.80) i '#':'?J"fii'i'ii'ii;,lli'iir"11'-'i$-i? *i'J'11it'lliflj,atr hugUst 17, 1871);se 3,Annbxe 2383' p. i:#HTJJi#'.li#?,uu 21,1er6(J. O.,ch. d6p.-coc., ssss. or,i., re16, vol. 2 J-arv June 25, 1861;larv Aug. 17r1879' Mar' 24' 1$15' 3 Decreo Jan. i, 13s7; decreo Mar' 31, 1906; docr€e Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY tr'ORCIES AND 'IIIEIR DEP}]NDENTS. 59 are quite distinct frorn pensions. Th*y have been establishetl and developedas an emergencymeans of mecting an evident hard- ship; they arc grarlted not as a right, but, as a benevolent, award (concessiongracieuse), and are therefore revoca]rle for miscond.uct,. Thertt are granted first as temporary aid, renelvatrle for trvo-year periods and subject to biennial medical examinations and reports. But, according to the physician's report, they may at an;r time bo suppressed(if the disability falls below 10 per cent), converted into a permanent indemnity (for an incurable a,flfiictioncausing 10 per cent to 50 per cent disability), or into a pension (if augmentedto 60 per cent disability and pronounced incurable). Neither the {,empo- rary nor the permanent allowance reverts to the rvidow. Tiio amounts granted in the first three grades (temporary dis- ability 100 per cent,,80 per cent, or 60 per cent) correspondto the pensionsgiven in classes1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, rcspectively (in the last class, however, with the increasefor extra years of service). Thc amourrtsof the gradcs from 50 per cent to 10 per cent, curable or incurable, arc directly fixed by the decree. The careful percentage grading and grouping of the disatrilitics recompensedby these special allowancesnecessitated a more exact listing of disabilities than that of 1887, which has been made to serrre,erren to thc present duy, for the more arbitrary classificationof pension disabilities. The Government brought out, in 1906 and again in 1915 a ruedical disability guide scale,l drawn up in accordance with the dicta of modern rneclicalscience and civil jurisprudencc, in which infirmities are classedaccording to their cxact,scientific meas- urement,of disabiiity and scaledfrom 100 per cent to 10 per cent. The extraparliamentary commission,reporting in July, 1916,on the proposedpension law, stated that a still mole minute scalewas in preparation rvhich rvill grade disabilities more closely and will tre used for the administration of the new pension law, as well as for the specialallowances. The new law 2 concerning rndustrial reeducation and treatmeni of disabled soldir:rspassed on July 6, I9L7, provides that during the peliod of reeduc;aiion,if tlie payment of the pension has not, com- menced, the fainily continues to receive the separation allorvance. If the pension has bet:n bcgun and if the one-twelfth part of it is lcss than. the monthly arnourrt,of the allowance granted to the family, the differencervili be given at the end of the period of reeducation. -be In no casecan the rate of pi'nsion reducedon account of the profes- sional reeducationancl readaptation to rvork, t Not iountl among available rnaterial. t I . O ., sdn. ddb., July 6, 1017,p. 709. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University I 60 GOVERNNTENTAL PROVISIO}IS FOR iVIE}IBERS OF PENSION RIGHTS OF' \VIDOWS AND ORPI{ANS. Wirioivs and orphans have a right to a pension in the following caser: (1) When the husband or father is killecl on tlie fieid of battle, or d, es ii,sa result of rvounds received there; (2) rvhen he is killed on drity unCer orders, or cliesfrom rvouuds received thereby; (3) when he clics from diseases (cndemic or contagious) contracted in service; (4) rvhen he dies in possession of a pension or rights to a pension; (5) n'hen legally declared "missing."r In this r:tr,seit is given only pro- visionally and after a waiting period, and immediate need is met hy cmergency relief (secours imm6diat) to those in receipt of o{licial uotification that the soldier has been missing at least six months. In the {irst casc the pension is "exceptional"-one-half (officers) or threc-fourths (noncommissioned oflLcersan PROPOSBDLEGISLATICI{.3 In discussing thc new law tlie commission rhi.ells on i,ho significance of thc modern army as a nation in arms, as comDilrr.d rvith the old family responsibiiities. In tlie professional army of celibates n'ithout _ no$' yi(r$'pensions arc l'ogarciedas a liqui I ],a';ys Ar-rr. 11 and 18, 18:31,art. 19, 22; Lrrv Apr. 15, 1885; law T)ec. 8, 1905;law Apr. 13, 1878,art. 38, 44; law Feb.25, 1901,art.48, Circrrlar minister of rv'.rrJan.26, 1916;larv Apr.26, 1856,art. 1; lal- Jirno 20,187E;]arv iug. 18, 1879. ,J,arvs,tpr. 11 ancl 18, 1831,art. 21: deeision of Slat,e council, June 13, 1815 (llecueil des,{'rt'61sdu Consoild'Iitat, 1815,p. 353). s On July 6, 1917,the Senato passed the bill alreatl;. passed br- the Chamber of J)eputies to rai-.e tho rate of military pensions in case of absohrte blindness or tho loss of trvo limbs to the amounts stated in the schedlrleof tho proposedpension larr. (J. O., July 7, 1917.) Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University T}IEIR DEPIINDIII{TS' 6r I\{ILITARY FOROES AND 2.Ttt,akesintocorrsicler,atiorrthonratterofclcpendontchildren, as a mattc| t)f sttcial assistance' providcs for extra allorvances ancL cl_ri|_{rcntr"cating t}rem as rr makes t", til.gitimate 3. ;r;;i;; chiltS'i-in cxist' lf thesc no rn'itlow or Lcgitirnatc. Iegitimat" ,ulr.i* of a formcr mar- cldld is troaTccl as tir: clilci exist the illegitimate 'f parcntag.'either ui= pouiii"rti- t'st'iblish'J!"" riagc. i1i:g"-t":.:t"tr'os.rytitions, ho\r.i:\'(rr,ur ny court action (witir. .ertai* voluntrrry or ' of voluntary ackn:Tt1:1**oiit) regartl to the .1"tttty to not otr thc old trasis of ability 4. It gives tire disability pen*inir, th* ex^ct d:?T:t^:f disa- scrvice, fr,rt #o;ilg to renclt--rmilitary revised guitle- sc-ientt J'""1 chartcci i' tu bility, measurecl-Uy *.1ieal coln- un.rna to make tlie rvorkmen's seale. A propor"i h"* bcen *ilitnty lif e'1but the commission f o"i rgOS oppti*bt" 1" pe'sation bo impracticable as ".u iti'opinion that it rvoulcl on lrensloo* gi"o,,*--u* *''ar iuj*ry clc- u-orrnt of pension for a well as unjust to make trrl civil carning powcr' pentl.on the torl i. war servservrcc grYes ff otty so-rbcontractetl itr war 5. Ib holds tf;;; ilhrei of it grants a pension ou behalf legitiinat. t" a pelisior,'una "loi* those,,whosedeathiscausedbyu*uludy-*'lttrtevtlritsnatrrre-oJ service'" a*gt"s, acciclenis' or fatigues contracted. in the course "f shoulcl count amorlg depondents 6. It holcls" ihat u..und*ot? havingarightto.o'*l.terationandproposestomakcprovisiorrforof grade. at a unifo,* u,',.o..nt rcgardless them in a life -u"*"""e fixecl usutul'urt'ts' --Fratrce. Pi'csen'torrrl prc ltosed'itrrtrisiotts 'f'ctr Scnnrrlt.t': 14. of parenthtrsesart'in dollars'] :ite lll francrs;ltrtrotttrts inside orrtsirle of parentlteses [Amoturts IRESENT I,.{W. (Renervalllccmergencyaidif.ascendantlll,n-eoavandifsoldierleltneitherlvirlolvnororphau.Amounl;petitioner') and age and' resources of accord.irlgto grado of solitier varies i0- 70 ( 9'65-13'51) Solclier- 60- 80 (11'58-15'44) Noncommisqioneclo{tcer- 80-100(111'44-19'30) Lieutenant, first antl seconii- 90-120(17'37-23'16) Oairtain- 120-2oo(23'16-38'60) I,Iaior- " 150-250(28'95-48'25) colonel Lieutenant colonel' '-'- 200-400(38'60-77'20) (ieneral- -;. 3' p' 1967' O. ch. d6p. cloc"sess' orcl" 1916''voI' 4' 1915' l',RoPosnr) to* ou NovllMBEIt to needl- casesfor:: I,ife allorvanr:e l, widow's Pension' alone- }[other {- widow's Pensioii' elone- ' Father I rvidorv's Pen-"iotr and father i\fother {- rvirlow's Perrsi.ll alone- Clrandmother f rvidow's Pcnsi'rti 'rranclfather alone ' I rridow's Pensiorr Granclmother and grandfather-'''' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 62 GovERNl\{ENTAr. PRo\rISroNs roR I\IEMBURS o]' To receive allorvance: (1) There r:r.ustbe no widow or orphans; (2,1ascendant nugt be infirm and at least 60 years of age; (3) he rnust pror'e that soldier would have been his support ii alive; (4) ascenclantnearest il cltqrcc has the only right tc aJlowance. J.O., ch. d6p.doc. sess. ord.. 19i6, vol, 3,p' j !)ri7' TROPOSED L,\W AS MODIFIUIJ BY TI{E CO}I}IISSION. Uniform renex'ableallowance regardiess of grade: I\{otheralone -.-- 150(28.95) Fatheralone--:-..- ,.-" 150(28.95) Ifother and father 25A(48.25) Grandmo'uheralone- - - - -. 100(19.30) Grandfatireraione, . -. " . 100(19.30) Grandmotherandglandfather --- -. - - ITit (33.7i) Given in form of relief through local civil court-q. Officially renewed automatically unlesscourt decidesotherwise. J.O., ch.d6p. doc. sess. orcl., 1916, vol.3, p.1970. GOVERNMENT RELIEF. In addition to l,he regular pensions and military allowances, certain financial a,ssistanceis given by the nninistry of 'wa,r as relief (secours)of various sorts. IMMEDIATE RELIEF. This relief is given in case of the soldier's death to the rviclovi or orphans,or (failing these) to ascendants,or in rare casesto youngcr 'Ihe depenclentbrothers and sisters of an unmar-'riedsoldier. amount varying from 150 francs (, 28.95) for the family of a private to 800 francs ($154.40)for that of a generalis given only once. PERMANENT RELIEF. Permanent relief is open to widows and orphans lvho have allowed their pension claim to lapse; to olcl soldiers u'ho have lost their sight or who have su{Iered amputation while in service trut from causes outside their service; to widows and orpha,ns of officcrs rvho have died in enjo3'ment of the disability allowance which is granted in ihe absence of a pension (pension de r6forme). The relief is given if the applicnnts are found upon investigation to be 'worthy and in need, and it is withdrawn onl;' if they proYe unwortlly or if their financial condition irnproves. The amount is variablo within each grado according to the resources of each caSe. SPECTAL OIt, OCCA"STOT{AL ltELrEF (SECOURS 6VnN'rtlnr,). In casesworthy of attention, specialrelief may be giverr to soldiers having beenthrough an active campaignor to their widows or orphans (evenif death takes place after active servicohas ceased)or to their ascendantsit they do not, leave either widow or orphans. The grant is purely gratuitous and is renewableonly upon rencrvedrequest aucl within the limits of the special budget, appropriation. The Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University t MILITAR.Y FORC]TS AND THEIR DEPENDN]NTS. 63 amount varies itr e*clt gra,de rtccorriing to the lorrgth of servir:e, the tr,gc,anC the resources of thc rr,ptrli O"'* RELII)F. ''in trinally there is relief anticipation of tlie pension " fol. the bene- {it of those awaiting their rig}rts, and extreme ernergency relief given to the Yery needy. This is given in amounts varying frorn b to 10 francs (97 cents io $1.98). The part played by the rvar relief (secoru's) as an atijunct to the pension provision is indicatcd by the rercent disbursements. The official figures from thcr b,.ginuing of tho lvnr to October 1, 1916, shorv appropri:rtioirs arnountirrg ro 81,b40,51g francst ($t b,ZgZ,B20) for assistance,orrer 72,000,000 francs ($t8,8g6,000) of which were to be used for immediatc relief. Besides the relicf extcnded directly from t,he W:i.i. I)ep:rrtment, financial assistanc.eis also *.:;ril:ible tr; soklicrs' frrmilit's from the "Fund of l{ationa} Su}rsct'itrtion" (OfL'rrnrlcs}intiourrles). T[is is a scmi-irrdci;cnclcnbinstitution but recognized as a pubiio utility and organized under ministerial supervision. Relief from this source oar] be received in addition to a pension. Assistance is at present bcing gi'u'en to the follorving classes: (1) Soldiers I'ounded ancl renclered irrfinn in service; (2) widou's of soldiers ryho were rnarried before leaving active service; (3) soldiers' orphans born during the time of the father's active service; (4) ascendants of soldiers killed by the enemy or dying frorn illness contracted iri service and leaving o"ithet wido*,,rnrlr orphans. GIIIDE BAR6ME, lPour Obtenir unc Pension .trl.ilitalre. l,don I'a.risot, Editions et Librairies, Paris, 191i, p. 26.1 ""^::'#:il:'J,;-1';,'fiJ::ilI.1"u,,n'ollJTHf 'r'ASs r' ifotal bli.d'ess. "T_:';:::";,TTiff"i,"1,::'o* OLASS II. Amputation of two iimbs. ntt Amp'taticnof onelimb (handor rollit* ]LASS I\'. Total lossof use of two limbs, or equiv*lent infirrnitics: L cornplete hemiplegia or paraplegia of traumatic origin or causeclby fatigues of service. 2. serious disturbance of cerebral funr:tions, loss of memory, of speech, imbecility, dementia, mental aberration, etc., resulting from wounds of the head, con- gestion,insolation, meningo-encephalitis,fatigues of service,etc. t J. O., ch. d6p. doc. sess.ord., 1916,v. B, Ann0xe 2383,p. l9gg. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 6-t GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF ;. (,ieneral paralysis at the stage of incontinence of urine or fer:es. 4. Itrxtensive mutilations of the face, incluciing at the same time either the eye, the orbit cf the e,ve, and the uppeL jarvbone on one side; the tlro upper jan'b<-,nes and thc noso or an upper and a lon'er jawbone; the whole lo.,r'erjarv and tiie 1()llqrlo. 5. I,'is1;ulaof ths stomach, artili-ciai anus, opening from smali intestine (resrrltirig frorn a rvound). -by ti. l,oss of thc perris arrd testicles a wound. 7. Sirnuilal)eons a;rk,vio-"isof scveral jcints of tlre uiii)er and lot'cr limbs, r'esirltilg frorn rlieurnatic affections contracted in service. CI-ASS \" 8. Tar-so-mctatarsal, mediotarsal, sub-astragaloid amputation, whnn rvalking is pos- sible on the stump. f). Incomplete hemiplegia and paraplegia, permitting some rrseful movernlrrts, cattsed b.v tr:aumatism or fatigues of s:rvice. .|0. (i;.'n':ral progt'essive paralysis at tlic static stage, crr.rsirdby fatigues of seli-ice. 11. Pro.lressjve locornotor ataxia. cau.serlb]'fatisues of serviee. 12. Epilepsv, epileptiiorm attacks, chorca, functional spasms) paraiysis agitans, spasnrodic or obher nellroses (rnotor or sen-qcry), resulting from trarrnra or occurren('e of servit'e. 1l!. I':iraly'sis of an important organ (muscles oI the cye. of the tongue, of the pharl'rrx, of the larl'nx, of the bladrler, ete.), caused b1'traurrratism or ial,igur:sof sen-ice. l-1. Ptogressive rnuscular atroplil', affccting a rvhoic linib or two Iinrbs incompletely or e-rtending to the rnuscles of the trunk, and causerl by fatigues of servjcr,.. 15. ,\n ulcer or rtlcerated scar resulting {rorn a great loss of tissuc. 16. itrlephantiasis, lepros-u-,or ulcers, deep, extensive, or llulnerous, due to r hot climate. 17. ,\ deep and extensive scat'of lhe skuli with loss oi tissue of 1,hopericranium, and of the whole thickness of the bone, caused by traumatism or an operation. 18. Persistent deviation of the head ol trunk producing markecl limitation of mo.n,e- ment and resuliing froer traumatism or an affection contracted during serl-ice llesion of thc spine or rnuscles). 19. Complete deafness of both ears, resulting from a rvound orfrom a cliseasecontrectc(l during serl'ice. 20. The dcstruction or atrophy of an e-ve or complete loss of sight, Jraveryappalent external de fornity of thc eyeball (staphyloma, leucoma, hcrnia oI thc i-i:is.t-'tc.1. 21. Loss oi sight oi one eye, diminution of the sight of the other, or rvcakening of visual acuitl' of iess than I in both eyes, resulting frorn dise,aseccrittacted in sc'rr,ice (glanular ophthahnia, iritlo-choroic!itis, p:rpillar;,'atroph..,', etc.). 22. Defonnity of the facc, of the c;'elids, and of the lachryrnal riucis; loss of thrr nose, etc., causing an important limitation of function anci resniting frorn traumatisrr. 2ll. I)eformity of either jarv rrith ertensive loss of tissne, del'iation o{ the rows of l,ccr,lr. tir loss of the greaberitart of the teeth, or destruction oI the hard p:rlate or tlic sr:ft palate; or ankylosis of the temporo-marrdibular articulation. causetl by a u'ound. 2,t. A permanent fistula or constriction ol the respiratot".r- passag:e-:lroiu trauntalic causes (fracture of the larynx, injury to the tracirca, etc.), lalYngo-tracheolorny performed for a disease r:ontracted in service. 25. Persistent fistula or constlic-'iion of the phar-vnx and the oesophrl.qusas a rcsttit of rvounds. 2ti. Persistent fistula or corrsiderable contraction of the thorax either from trauitratic causes or from pleuris;, or from the operation for emplrema, if the disease rras occrr,sioncdb-v the fatigues or dangers of service, independentil- of any constitu- 1ionai plcdispositirtn. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University $5', 37. Irretlucible ire.'ri:r of the lu.g froru lra,urnatic cauies. is. ('li|ottic atl'ectiou of the heari and large biood vcssel--Irorl trrr,lrn**ie *a*s(fiJ or fi'onr a theumatic oi infectious diseasecontractecl iu sen icc. 39. ('hrollie bronchitis cornplicated rvith emphyserna anrl rritS a ht,*rt. a,jTecti'* or attacks of asthrna calrsed by fatigues of senice. liO. Tul.let'culosisof the lespira,tory olgn,ns(laqnrx, Iungs, pleural r a,vitie,s)or of lle riigestive (intestine, peril,oiteum, orgillrs otber .'is"oi*,; carrserrllr-v inligrres oi sen.ice arr,l ildeperultttt oI a,u.1'appreci*'lrie cousl,itulional prerlisposititirr. 31. A chrotric affectiott of the stomech, following lrpoir a.l) eir,ie.nric4-isease of lot climates, or car-tseriiry rr,long stay i1, these climates or hy ihc fatigr:.estif sei:vir:e. 32. D"vse.terl' or chroric clian'hea.producirr.q a geuerialu.cleimini,,n oi tlre r.''stitu_ tion. co.trar-terl irr ir hot cliurate or i' lielcl serr,ice. l]3- ClD:orric erllalgcm€'lit or airscess ot' thc lir-er tlrre to the irrtluerrr:eof the nrili:rrltts {rI to a lorrg .qtali'irLa hot c:limate. .t.t. (lacliexia due 1'o lite irr the tnarshersn'ith rleler{oratir-,n of l;ire colrstitrrliion arrrl. crrlaigemtri, r,'iltlie li-ocera, or rrelllrritis. or rlronsv 35. ,\ir cxterLsite veritral Jrer,lriaot, o.-",ltratioir. . : it). IJaeclrl fistrrJrrl'r'ortr tliirrmrrtie cririsr_,s. J/. ('orrstrtction or prolapsus of tJre recturn; ircurn.ble {istrila. r.,t'trre i}rlus, forrrirr.-urg \',olur(l.* or 47. lixt.trsil'g, painfitl. ctr'traca"n, ,;:;;";;.. adhc,isi-'e sr:ar.sc,f tier:lxsr t.issru;s r,o ol'gansr or: those a,ccompanied lvith muscular: h.ernia carrsin.g a,.siri_,u-o lirnita- tion of furrci,i.on in.t'hate,ire,r: part of the liodv: 4fi. Pcrs'istcnt fistula, caused bi nceroi.it: err car:il+rrsp.ri,,sl.itis oI tt.:rrrnr:iiir: or.i:rill.., lu;;i;(, _ L'i_-_5 Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 66 pnovrsroNs coyoRNrlrnNrrAr, 3.oB rffriMBrits o.tr, 49' Tttrncls of various solts x'hich cause serious functional 'Jisturbances a'rl are maiiifestiv the restiit o{ trauma suffere Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University DEPIIi'{'DENTS' 6? MILITARY FORCES AND TETEIB Cfficiel, Textes Ldgislatifs et Dalioz. Guerre de 1914, I)ocuments iliglgmentaires, Paris' n'abrications de la Guerre' Bulletin )finietbr* d* i,armumeot et, des clesUsines cle Gtterre, Paris' et de la Pr6voya'nco socia"le' Paris' Buiie,,,inclu lvlinistore clu Travail Paris' Officiel tiu Ministbre de Ia Guerre' i"fo"ti" Parisot' Eclitions p.ur qjlite'ir .** p.nsion Militaire. Paris, L6on ei Lilirairies, 1915' ABBREVIATIONS. (daily eciition)' J. O. icurnal Officiel Document's; Journal Ofrciei' Chambre des D6pui6s' J. O. ch. ci6p. cloc' tn'*' o"1' sessionorilinaire' L)fficiei' S6nai' D6bats' J. tl. s6n,d6b, Jortrnal la du l{i'ist3re clu Travail et de Pr6voyance B,:ii. i1i rn1n, d* i,ravail. B*lletin Sociaie. Birll.off'rnin.clelaguerre.Bulleiinofficielclu}IinisteredelaGuerre. et R6gle- Docriments officiels' Textes L6gislatifs Dallcrz. Da,lloz. G;;;" de 1g14, me'taires' GERMAFIY'1 PRo+isIoNSFoRDEPENDENTSoFMENI}IAcTIvEstR'vICE' ST]PARATION ALLOWANCES'Z families 3 on paic{ to membels of soldiers' Separation allowances are season' I{inimum allowancespaid to a s.als varying according to the flom I'{ay to Cctober' inelu- the rvite are r'5 marks (gg'rZ)--onthly rrarks ($1.79) monthly. From sive, and to d"p.o.l"nis'io*Io-ioe' 7.50 "1h"; t'he allowances are 20 November to'"iftii, -*T1o** marks ($2.38)to other dependents' marks ($4.?6)to irr"'*ire aud 1b the imperial treasurJr' AII lfinimum allowances are paid f19* allowances piescribed' a're granted sums in additio' to the miniilum from the local treasurles' Mar.r1lltlo, asprepared.bv Mi.ss -f ffi -,,1!--^ +^ tAdd ^f qn 21'v1 - 1e16'1016.^?3'5lI' an{l DOC, 3, 1916, (ReiClrSgeSetzbl*t' ;#;-,"#;' ff;;;;;r?, *'o'ai,'i to lawsor ran' 1916,pp. 55, 1323.) ^s aaair rn fmilies of mmembers of thereserves, Landwehr, grauted in c*me oi neotl to families oi 3 Separation allowancos are absenco at the disposi- L*d.sturm,.of men ou leave of r.r..o"Jio*izreserve), s""*"itt, and' eompicmonta.v above the age limit for compulsory service' oir.'islon ol troops, of war oolrr,,t""t' tion ol the tegally obliged to servo irt aetive service; ",ariixe medjcal .orpr,'tll*ities of rnen u'r'orpersounel of the .-rr-t*.y proviriei! it seems plausible that they havo been unabls to return home' o! men who ott a4count of the t'ar oneiny meastlres aro havebeenpreventedny-i*p.i,oo*ent,civilormilitary,inenemy.eorrntries;ofmenwhoattheagefcrco'ntries antl on accou:rt of ,JJ#;;;ffi; t" ;*rtt';t oll by computsory mir*ary military servic-e have been carried of rnen who ut tne ag. io. **porr"tv unable to return horne; of activ6 serviee in peaee time aud *no nuou nusnta tt'Li' ti*u of memoer;;; ;;i"" t'oops who have volun- the enemy; of age) not yet obliged' to servs resurves; of men trZ to}-vears havo been piaced. in tir" army; of soldiersdischargeds$ teererlorbeenarurt"a;o;**rvoi,nteenwh"";;i;;;*uy-nouoatothe rnedlt:al corps' This ioin"* ooo"t p"tto*el oJ ths volu:rtary pormanenly unse-r:vi..6r"; ot.lro*"o or absenco' men beiug exJepting lwieil recmits on leave it irgttting mon of c"t*""J, inclutles practicalty voluntoers uot yet 17 yeors old' "rr " certairr ;;;d#;' uoh *u" who are entered as votuni."r, .*4", Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 6E (;(.r\-l"i-iN l'l l;)i i,\ l, I'HL)\-tSI0]iS l}[)I{ }1 F-r\lttEHS {lF 'l'lrrr Iret's{)lrst'}ttittcil r,r:tl"lt,rtrtll('('silt'r, tltr'1',r.lLrrtitig: Wi ic. '!r!)r|l'i) t,'r i rviit'. - li slrc is irrirtx'trlttlrrtl hrtslr:tttqlis,,l,liqi'rl t{' l,ltv trtiiitt- tt'trant'+r. l,arr tloes ttot stat.ti tv'ltt,tlter attrolttrt rrf allon'- irnce fr,rr firll rvite crr for othr:r dtrllcrrdcrrt, ir cranttxl; probably the lutter. I,,.i:ititrrirte t'lrikl. [irrder lir Years tri age. llk'gilinrrric r'hil,l .- If the flrther's obligatir-urtr-,sul.tlrt,rt llrr, r'lriiti Jrirslr{:ttll establishr-'d. lik-qir irirrrlr: r'lriitl oI tvite l,l'r,tt:ilrt, intti trttlLrillP;tt, ::,ltitottgh Il1,1 ]111,s]i:tttd is iiol. tlrc talltc'r'. ('iriiri ovcr ll !(rartj of rrge. ( li'i,iratrgl'arrrL'lriirl tI ttrlt't' Iir;,rs41scrf agr,. ()riritarr grartrl:lrilrl r)'r{'t' i;r .\-r:nrs0l lr.,rrr. St.r.l't'i,iid. li {uuuerly support.-'(llr1't}rt's,,},lir:r or if thc rter{l c'[ f:'ustr:lt'hiltl tr.rli,lrit,rllrt'- rriaintentnce llrsr x1r1rr-arerlii,ft,,r lte etttt'l'prl the srtrt'ic'r,. Jot:r, tlt c $ ir,t'. ll*ia.lii-e tr[ Iiusl,irl](lin :t,.r'cirtiittgiitri'. b il,.latir',.r oi rt'iir' irr ris- ,'r'rrrlittgl i rtt,. -(iir.it.r.t' oi' ht'o tlt t'r'. Sl,rrij-l)al'(,tr1,. ;i1.r,lr lrl'o1her ot' sisit't'. iir;::t(,i ir.t.trrir1 itd()l)1('(l l)(.- Iol'r.^tli,, wat'. 'flre allo\tiilicrl t,o nsct'trclillrt,sot'collaterills is tlrtt s:ltllo t)o IlIat,t.er liior'; tttrul.i sorrs or lrt'oihers tlre irr t,he IieJti. 'J'lrt, No scrparatiiln rrllorriant:riis l{r:lutetl tlxcept in crti(} of ut}(}(]. la.r'of Jarrrra-l'1'J1, 1916, state-qtlrtrt urttitltenance is to he paitl if the total iirr,our.eof the soklicrr :rrrd his frrrnilv is plnced lrr,. the lu,sb russosslnontof tuxcs rrt 1,50(l utiil'lis ($357.30) ot'less, ()i' 1,200 nrrtrlis ($2S5.,3.1)or -loss,(rr 1,()00nl:rrk-* ($235.20) ot' Jess,rl(ic()rdinE to tlie sizt' uf tlic c,rtrttttliiiity irr n-irich tlre frrnrilv livcs. If thtr lrctu:rl irrr.omcof ir 1>trrsoir:rp])[\riLg t'or'tr]ilitrt(!lIat]c('is. ('ss('ll- tirilir.'higirct'ol j.(,\\.ortlirur that of th<' clit-.rsirr trlri<:lrtlrtr f'rtnrii.r-is ratttl lol thc j)iu'lrils{iof tn,xrrti()n.()l'if rro sucl} raling itits Jrt'enriradc, tho tlistribut,i.r-casr,tl{.,i()s (Lirrfcrurrgs\,-cr'}}iitrrlc) iix tlrtr {igrrrc iit x'ltich t.lro frrrnil.-r.iricorrrc sir;rll bc ra,tr:rl I'ot' tit,tct'nlittilrg tlrt, al)plictrtlt's cli,gibilit,r-. li.v rli,itrn'rfrration of tlrc certrtrzrl trttlrrritit's (I-,atrtles- zr'ntrfllh{,lrortlc) t,his is tmc also for thosc ft'ilt,trttt't[ St,rrttisirr rl'lrit,h inccrnc trrx is liot colltrc:ttrcl. ,\s it rulo llo t'l:rinr u}-rottrlrllfurtell:tlt(:{} exists if tht incornr. ()f th(l sr-rltlier"sfrtrnilv ha,s trol, tit t'rcastttt (lr if ot,lrer fa,cts justifr- the ilssurru)tir)u that rnrritttritr:tttctris lllltl(r(r(rssiir.\.'. A iit,tic pr'()p.rl't\.ol nl])ital sliouJrl rrot, ltott'('\'('l'riirtt'r'l'rr-tt rritlr tlre Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University }t li r-i',{tr.\ l.'{lti,(.'t)s.\}ilr :f iIliUi Dlil,lixDt;\:1.s. 6g -r'lallf. " It is ltrtt,itr acrot'tlan{.:owitlr thc spirit of t}rc lrru- tirat tlrc 1.lrrnil.r-slrittill filst use llp its oti'u smrrll propertr'." 'l'irc srurt-.of rtronr.r'spec,ifierlirr l,lrtrsirherlnlrr n,rrsl lrc liaitl io tlic lrt-titficiaries il1' the ttistrihutir-o.nst'ncics, rro nrattcr u'htrt priva.te :illort'rtr<:t's (rl-lietlttr of n.rollrr\'.,footl, rlr \r.lrrlt, trot,) or Statc allorv- tjtl('(.s(c. g., tri lelntivcs oi; State <'rnplttverts)ar.t: givcn. Whereter t,!it'*(,stttlls of mottt-'l'a,re inrr,tlt'cFtateto t'nablcrthtr llctrt'fir.:ialiesto rllrrilitrriir rt ttiritle-*t ttrrlrlc' of lir-ing ol to pr:or.itlt, tlic rlecelssitiesof lil'c. tlrtl rlistlihrriir-c rrgr,lit.icsiirc sllppose(1t,o gir-c arklitiorrrrl surns (if' tilolr(t'r or suplilies. Ii*r'h agelrcy has u comrnissiorrrl'lri<,h dc<,id"es itt i,at:i-t('ii,sri ol1 tlte ttt,erl of tlie r:lrimarrts anrl tlrc :rurotrnt,of r.r,lief t,rilrc givt'It. ft irlrrv rlt'tnatid rtat,t 1'r',irntJrtr lor.rrl rrut,lrorities orr t,lre l irlti rnstir rrt'o-- r, f i n <1ir-ir l r.ra l f a rnil icr. ('itizetrsirilr irr (it'rntalt\. is rtot css(frrt,irrlto tire 9ftJre 'l'htts: lnivnl(rnt st'1;lit'trtitittltlLrrvrllr{:(r. i11qr116i.11.r' il}egitinr titc <,liikI o{ rr nlal figlitittg ttrttlt't'tlte Gt't'tttnr-ir:olors 1'scpifirs thc:rllol-all(.c t'r'en if it '.1'1nrs, It:ts -\ttstt'i:rtt t,itizenslrip trv its rnotlrt:i'. trls I J,g.$'3ol l't:ir. ?ri, 188!; .\ilg. l, ll)1i: .tirrr,.tt. I't<.. j!, liilrt: lgfrl (lt. C. J.tl. lii)i, t). ili: i1ti1. t,.;;.j.1:ltllri. f,;r. rii, Iiillil). : L:rrr of sel)l . 11,i;. Ji. (;. (i2(f: r1.1. 311. Ill. i9i.i. 1i. lar.r oi --rla1'l;. 1{ri};. fi. {;. lrl. lgiii, 1;. r -tr' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University ?0G0YERNI\'IENTAI-r'Roi'lrlloN-qFoRlr{l}{BERSoF tt'nrili i.iLt' provi4erl ihc f;imily is rccr,ir,ing ilic rnrr,iti;('t-Irirtc(',tli,-t$-,ii"trt ii thtl il,rr.ernr"ncn i;. N,-rlihews or nicc,rs Tnr,y iilso rt'ceir.r' iiiis llton{)Y 'i,lleir q{"lr.rllrJ so1rli.er CrrpturtC or rrrissing rvns cirief or Sii'i.''l}otri' ASSrGlilEi) PAr'.! 'r,ir'-'ir' lien in arm5l setr'Irir:e ru&y trsrlilr\rNl'llI 'l'o !"rftII-IES rOR SO\s AR.1IY, li'rYY, oii col{)1" iAL JJrl"" B)- u rj*:,creecf hfarch 26, 1914 (R.G.Bi., 1914, p.57), ar-ri1- cler.rrnity$'as grailtr:d to families rvhose sous (iogitimate or iiicgiii- nra-i,ebefore l,he larr"), h,u:servurg their two or t'hree years' timtr of altive sorvice irr tire alrny, narr\,',or crtlottial forces, had st'rvecl six Yctr'l's altogethcr as noncom.missioncd offiecrs or privatcs. Thus, itl ttriio the iimplc.st casc, trvo sons inighb hrrve set:ved tlti'r:tryears cach. Itti' eyor.v furi,her year of service of a,n.yof its solls in tilo san).e ralli of ,.roir,,. (Diensigra,d) the famiiy receivcs on appli,:ation-B,rl€,111ri1:11in- clenrnity af 2aAna,rlts (g57.17)" In, the casc-'ofscrvice in the coli,tlitr,l foror,.s, th* itrd.rnn.it;y is paid sven if the beneficiaries are not livillg in the colonies. 'I6e benl'ficiaries are (o) parents; if thcse: ai'c lloi livirtg, (C'')gra'ntl- parents, but orrl"y if tircy are una,bLeto rvork artcl lvt'lo plrmancntlv support*.l by thl soldior up to tire tirne of his enlis'iment. hr ihe of i,he of grot',.Cpurents,the 3'-earsof serrticc:must be those of sons sa111e"u.n sgl of iLr* gto,,ttprr.rroUb.If fhere nl's step-parents, thcjr clzrini prcci:d,esthat of grnndplrelrt,'r,s,bui, deponds, as rvith gr'antlpart'tits, iht' uir ttr *po1 their' havirr.g:beeriLlenrraililnti;, suppor:tcd brr "'olrlit'r' 1;:'t:9-$ :*'9":- 1'h::l'::l$='":::i":j "':i t Tlio treaimelt of t,his srilljeet is tr.kett h'onr}i. .\d,ltlr, lr radsciraft, 1916,1iP. ;JJ2-32$. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University plil-iTAF-I. FG1r-CES AlvD TI{EIR Di,lPjllVDir}TTg. ?1 si,;.\'icr]o:'friji ari.(i h;r.lf i;rot,liers are c{r'unted togeri,trrer. T}te, -iirrt;-,$f st.rvice is co'::riitrl-j'r'onr f.he tiay of cu.listmerrt to ihe ctarrof tlisniissai, bu.t, :i l,.'a.rc,of air-*t-ti(,eof morLl than three m.olrths is exchlded. Applir:ritirn rnust, he malciefor the indemility to thc magistrate of tlrr,: ci',nwii.i.nity in, wliich the beneficiary has his usur'',1?'r,,sidctlti:. I,'r,,.rnl fuirn it perss:r.sto a lower adniinistrative aui,hclrity. .,vho ex- arri.iriEsin,to {,ire timc of s,ervice of the sons airti thtr trtrr:;ps i,o .r}rioii tirr:y belringed" Fiil,r,il-,-,iire tentra]. arr-tholi'i;ie,sof thoStlit,t ilandes- zcntr.al"[:r,holc]"e)roccrive the application, decitlo wht'tiitr rit ttr,ri;iti 'l.he grru1, it,, and give notice for pa}'.menf to an appropriate banli. plr.,'i-ne1ijs,based un a monthly sl1ru of 20 inarks (..s4.76)arc, ittacle tlr-ice .r iirar---r:n Aprrl 1 and October 1. 'fhr+c:Jerinr itpon this inciernnii,y celrsessix nroni,hs after the soil ls ciis- nrissedfi'om the service or.'dies. Payment is ciiscont'inucd ia,; if and wiiiie the son, be'i'-rre the oncl of hjs legally requ-"irecli;ime of active s<"r;'i'ice,is ou lenve of absenceI (b) if he is absent from duty for ionge,r 1fus,r-rtor;r weel(s; (c) if he is punished by imprisonrnent cf uiore than sir weeiis. Ln 6he second c&se,if no guilt on his part is proved, the ornii;ted paymenis ?u'e refuncied. ln either the second or" the ihird ciise, if ire is a-bsentfronr service for more than 10 days in any one rnonth, paynient for that month is cut off. ITATER NtrY BtrNrIllts.l The rnate.lnity benefits granted under the imperial insut'ance code of. i91i 1..1./oheen 'sxtencledby the laws of December 3, 1,9tr"4,Jariuary 28, 19tr5,arrd April 23, 19t5,2to include: 1. T4'ives of men rvho are performing rnilitary, rnedical, or similar service in the war for tiro Empire, or who are prevented therefroln or 'wage-earning frorn again pursuing a occupatio:rr bY detr,th, injury, sickness, or ca.irture, provicled they were insurecl againsl, sickness in accordance with the imperia,l insurance code or in a miners' sickness insu-ra,ncefund at, least, 26 weeks in the tr2 months prececling their en- trance i.nto the service, or at, loast 6 vreeks immeCiately befole tho saille time. 2. \4/ives of rnen who belong, or dicl beiong until the c-'utbreakof the wa.r ol after, to the paid cl'ewsof German ships and who are not insu.recl aglrinst sicliness accorc!-irigto section 165, paragraph 1, I{o. 7, of thc; inrperrra,linsurance r:.ocle;who receive not, rnore than 2.500 ma,'{'k-q ($595.50) per year compensation; and who are performing rnilit'ary, rnt+riical,or simillrr service in the lvar for the Ernpire or are preventcd tlrerefi'onl ot from again pursuing a w$.ge-earnirlg occupation hy de:rth, injury, sickness, or capture. i .\ vor"ycunU,,,r.J .*,.rian..* t a..,i on t .r,lu*, Oo, ,r,rittili,ti*rrrorg,,,'ng"rui,r.etc., Ilelliri, ;',,,,,*,,,i- scitafi;,1916, pp. 368-3t16. '2 It. ti. Bl., 1914,p. 492; 1915,pp. 49, 257. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 12 G{-)11;114 }iu-\ 1r,lI. PItf)Vlsi0N -q r 0E }11;}l li};hs (iF g. \Yives o{ merr r'*'ho rrre pcrfot"nring nrilitnt'.y, ttretlical, or simiJar ser.r'ir:ein the u'ar for the Ernpire, or who tire prevent,ed liherefrom or li'tiin again pursuing rr wage-enrning occ'upatiotr hv tleat,h, irrjury, sir.kness,or capture, provicled l,he wives at'e in needv e'ircumstallces (nrilcler henilttelt), titat is, (a) if tht'y 1'6r1,6"i1'pse'pat:ation trllownrlce; or (t,) jf 61,91,1ri,ll incorne of wifeand hustrarld in thefiseral )'&rr: before his entraucc into the set'r'ice at'e l't'frtttr[ttt[bv th r, (i rir-t't'titttt^tlt. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University '}{;Il-J.'I'.{llY 'f.illtlti ["'OtlfrF]S.{ND i}l.,Pt-NI.{.:}::fS. 7g PENSIONS.' I}I S.,\]tIT,I1'): PE\SIOX S. (1) I)isitbility ltensio,its ru.o grantetl a,ccor(ling to ra,nk, salary, Itrrigtli of servit-:r',iiilrl t,xttrnt of disalility. Officgrs' 4isabiiity pen- sions itlctt'asc, trft<'r:tho tenth year of serr.iee, lr,nclin ccrtain cases lnsil be supirlerntltttecl by arltlitionrll allowanees (rrccessory pelsiol in ("'ise of llct'd antl durirrg inrligenc(r) rmtil thc pglsion r*:aejrrlsa ccr- taitl limitirig silm. Ilor ntx'rcommissioned offict,rs nnd lrrivrr,tes, the tlisability ]rcttsicur tl'iretttl-q ulxfrl the r.xtt'nt of 'i'or tlisability, a'4 is in- r:l't'ss(,([ t]xlso u'ho lccor.tlitrg to |utlgtrt, rcc{.ivg,l ,r"p,,rriolable Irtxylli;, ,,pt,nsionrib]c' such as goilrl c.tiniluct ]]n,rr- (A sum of money is ir sulrt which is tt*t,tl as f111.lia.sis or lrrrrt lrasis of the sum on wirich thti pt'ttsion is t'tlt'rtlrrtlrl.) 'Jllrt nrirrirnunl lir,nsion for totrrl rlislrhility {<,I':r prir.rttc jr :.r11rlrai.ks ($ilZ8.fi:j) (2) A nl+ti\niitiir. lirtti'ttsis pt'ovitictl for rrll o{lirtrs :r1tl sollitrr.s for tlie los;l (ttt'si't'iotts of tlisturlxrrrr:eiu thr, {rrnc:tiorrirrgof) rt,foo.t, l icg, a ltttntl, ilrl itl'rn, slltit'ch, holrrirrg (lloth clrrs)" olrc 1y6 if th. otlrt,r is itttti:rirerl, or slich injur.v to hetlth that rr'ursing is ntretled. Tlhis h,inlis is ririulrlt,tl in cuse of lriss of sight (l,otli rycs), ilrtd miry bc irtc:rtrasotlto thrt tloulile amoruit if the lrent,ficiarv i* p,,r^,rnrntl' t'ot1fi11p61 .fhe to lred crr suflt,r's {'t.ont s(lnr1 mt,ntnl r[is'rr[r,r. borrUS is llt'tlet'rt two :rrttl thrr,e timcs ns l:irge for oflict,rs il,s it is for llor)- .r,mmissioiri,rl officrrs.anrL llr-ir-tLto-s.Offir,'t*: 1)00 rnarks ($214.3f.t). 1,s00 rnirrlcs ($.12S.76.); noncommissiorrecl oflict,i.s ancl privltr,s : ii24 rri:rrks ($Z;.1s), (i4s ma,rks ($1;14.86). (3) A uttr 2 borus is provitlecl for persons cutitlrtl to t pr.rrsigl on :lccrtuttt ttl'rrtt irljury reccivctl in rrar. This is fr.om fu'* to suvr.n titiit,s ns .higlr fo1 ;111offiet'r g2A marks or 1,200 rnirrks__$171.b0or $i2X5.84)ns it is for a n{ulc()mtnissiorrcri ollice,r.or ir ln.irltc (tg0 nralks-!$42.SS ). (4) An' oltl Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University ,-f .l l* 'I'hi, i:li,lir i),tiorlLr,or]tmi'-rsiolr-,ti $ffi.ci'r' ,.ir' ;r ;lril'r,ft', i;ouu" tlli';tts t()tirl inco:nt i,t.rthtso slrccifio(i :r.lllni-r- (5) A1i. ci1illrlf;Lanbon'irsl is plovir.le,rtfiir ilcl"solls cntitit'il trr 1111"'1- sioil. ori &ccou"ntoJ a,rrinjury rcceiYed in a.r'iation, (6) An g,t:cessol'lJ,pelti;,,i,' ft'rr foreign ciirnate nncl shi.trwrccli is grantec'Lt,o rnrlnrbers-of tlie Nrivy anc-trcoLoniril forces. 1['hc ri.'rltotliits oi (5) nnil (6) are tire sarrreas those grantetl for lv*r bcuris' (i) A f'r;o,pzcs"bontcs1 is grantr:,C to *s1si36rl'ilof thc oolorri;r,i t'ot'ilos rvho harrr,' become eptitieii to a pension on Acctrii:lf-,of 1,1:"ec'xtrlr,olL'tl"i- r{tinlrg a s,rjourn iir tir,: colrliiit-r'.;,or rr',r.-i,--illiu.i-i1ces of tlre cii-rna,te 'lllrls :r<,r'r'ic,'' n, o xe,suLi o,f the . iiocuiilir pt,r"rjs o1' liiti cclo:tiai 6oirus.i,g f.oiri two fr: frtr.rr tinrrs iiri high tor o-iiitrilrslis icit rit:ircilrn* j.itct'(ittso$ mis-oioncil cilficrtrs anrl privatcs, l,rrtl rviili irrcrt';r,siilg tinlll of slri'vlce iir .ih.ecoi trnir-rs' (.,$)':i utrliji,r:ttttt sitouing e!,oi,in't'c a pcst itt t"!tu:i't''t:'i'l' t:'"r'':i't;' r''^ glnllti-'r1 o1r r.etiremr:nt io clisahied noncornmigsicn*:tl ollicErt'sir.nrj i-ii'ir':lft':r, i* *dtliti{xr to ihe clisairiiiry Densiori, but oniv if the-r apjrt}zrrwonh.v ()iirei'ivige, '.cl seryiceable to tire supi.r'iir oific:i:rls. in ceri,eiitrcil$c-q, a,rrr;rr'.lvip,ierrrlity is prciriried -[or this certifi (4) Ofliccls: l. Srriary accortlilg t6, prry roil (cornpare Sr'fuctltrle 16). For lieutol]ztllts tire s:rl'rr't.l'tif infarrti:y lierrtonants o1l1'"' x'itir {ortifi- the exception of lieutenants of artillery, depot pyrotechrrics, iho I'arrk cations, irain t-lepot. ancl manager of the c-orpsoi cadet with fui' t|e 'f ofiicer. 2" IJoagittg ailorvance; oi', it todging is pro'ricled ' Contribu- service, its equivale"t in *on.y as stated' in the pay rc'il. 3 brigerde tions ol b00 marks ($rlg.10) for o{ficers,from- comlnandei'of (iuclnsive) clown, for scrvants' xrages. 4. supiilementarl- a'ilovrarlccs, brigade (irr- according tc pav rol.l fgr ot}cers from cornmancit'r o{ ip. if i6r,** amount, fo urore tha,u 90ti marirs ($21'+-:18),otrtr-y "lu.io*; (secon.i' trvo-thirds of the amount, are incluciecl. 5. I'or iierl'cenanis 108 rnarks ($25'7:i); anrlfir'si): Right to eat iit officers'illess,','aiiledat' t'iic righi to hospiial care, 1tX) rnarks ($23.82). I1 t'ime of rva'r 1;''tt- t' tlrc siorrable i*corne is that 'f thc i)oace ra,nk stliich col'r0spr-)lrr1s :rri 'i'ropics the a(to\cr)r')' !)t'tl:irrir r r i ji r.he ,,r.llrl.rctrus, the ar-iation bcnus, tire bcnlis, aud Slri),rlCCl<, rt() t\{,'r)-,r1ay r)e gt'ailtetl SinliltirneiJirsii" Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University N{ILifAIri* iroRCirs Aii-D TttEIR DIipEtiDENTS. lo \A/itt' 'lh+r 'frnc 1-inril llst litid lry ihe offl<;cl. s*.nic i.-r aftcr tlle w;rr, f ir t:rLsetii e disrii;i-[ii.i.is; riLrc t{r o,!,;,ti.,Lritii,..r, i ri rlil trr p ensi Fc,r th,e.Na,;u. (c) OflLccrs: l. Sainry acctx'dirrs to pay roll. 2. For of,lic,-rrsfro1it virlc itctrnrii-ai(irrr:ir-isir:e) d 1'lrt, iiir,r-rriieorI fhe irasis o1 11,[yicrhpensions arc l:ricu]aterl is the jttcomc pcnslalralrll of ihc corresllonding ranh in tho Alii-iv ol: l{a,vy. fn thc cilsi-'t;f oflir,itrls.if t,ltcl:eir; no aol".-rrpon,liugra..nk iir t jre .Arunn.or. Nrlvv. tJlt',ilrl;it'riili clintrctrllol ii: Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University ?(i rrf trvi;rt,ititr).he l'r,.r-'t'ivr-'sort rt'l,it't'illt'lrl il Vt'itrl.\-1lt'ttsiott- ol 5'1marks ($12.86i a,slorrg as iris tituc"ssfor u-olk rt,rnairrstlttt:rta-*ed 10 per cent, Sitrcc he htrs not bet'rl rnrrt,ilatetl, ho rt'cr,it'()s no mutilation bonus. lf lrtl appears unlvorth,y or un,scr\-ic)cahlcin the evcs of thc superior ofiicial-*, htr rc.ceivesllc) certificate showing clnim to a post in the civil servicc rrrul rro irrrkrnnity for the loss of this certificatc. -fi'firxurnt,m, di.xubil'Ltay,cns'irtn, .for u, Tirtunt.e"-(o) If tlic private's alrility to rrork is ciecreased 100 per cent oll aocorlnl, of an injury susiainetl in ttre service, he recc.ives on retirernent a yeat'ly pension equal t,o 540 niarks (lft28.63). If the iniury is a rrajor mutilation, srich. as the loss of sight (both eres), t,he privtrt'e receives 648 marks (|i..1ir4.35)11 yclar rnutilation bonus irr arkiition: :rntl if the iniurl was r'eccivotl in war oi' aviat,iorr, he roceires the rrar ol' tviation bonus of, lSii rnarks ($-f2"8S). I{e rrill probzrblv ritit, be grantod t}re eerhificat,e slrriu'irrgclainr t,o a post irr tlre r'ivil sor'\ricc,hcr'nusc hc rrill hardlv a,pp€nl'rrorii'peterrt to ttrcrsuperior oflir,ial-*. Irr the r'tiseof n private tluriug his {irst crrlistnrent, the la\r lrroyitles rro indelrnrit.r for the loss 'fot,al o{ lJtis t:er:tificate. peusir,ln,I,:J68 rnnrks ($i325..30)pcr vear. (lr) If thc prir-ate has ret nlistetl ancl lec:cir-cs irn iniur';. in tlie sL'r'\'icen'hich. rle.creuseshis wor'hirrg ribilit.v 1t)0 per cenL lie rcceives orl retirerrrent il vttarl.l' perrsiotr of i;-t0 trt:u'ks (S128.63). If the -loss irrjur.t'-is tr nrrr,ior rrtutilatiou of sigl-rl, (both t'\'rts): ilrrr llrivete receiyes ti48 nark-* ($1ir-1.35)nnrtilation llonrts. Iforr:ovcr', if t]re irr.iur'1'lrris r'(lccivr.tlin \[a1' or rrviation he, is enl,itlt:tl to tlrer\l:ar or a'r'iat,ionbonus of ltif) nrrirks ($42.S8) vearl.v. I'Ie is rrot' grairted the certi{icrte -*lron.irrga c,Liirn to a post in the civil servit:e, hecause of irrr:orrilrel,t:iice;but'Jlecause he has selved 12 r'etrrsliel rr,ccivqrs insteacl a,il iririr:nrnitv of 2-10 rrrarl Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University IvI I LIT-4.11r- F OR C E S AI{D TTI EIn' DEI'E}i f}};},r'f S. ,1lt.tl 4. u) u) u) -*lC r-A r-Q rQ eEi-. a. a: o\ esE6 ms i: fl n AA m s;$€ "d n <85 ai EE ? 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H . HF Ea Ex Hii '83 'RF 'ES '*9 .dc-l .ns Xd Xd D k l,r 60 r.j .'l^O .: d '6b 8.8 :ss.=s8 a'F' gs 5T-r Ea$l i = od -l- + :c.r' h &-Er d .Fd: > 15Eg:-q Eg a r'.- :i € o9g=gYEE o - a .E h ss Hs' qai- ?.Fi Rd R5 Hr'4 sgE*€Et .l L L9 Yd a q\ NA ^HA \\ E+r \\ \\ r'tr r\ Fr ig cl i Ei€ !;i lt lt lt lt lt ll Y< < :{s >i$ gs E'$ Es Hs I > scx stEh a6i oqr ooi ooi oe{ oci I : .loo ci g v6q)6 'd tsr aa .k Ei, 8F. 8F 8E 83 85 g g a F;n 5 EEEE= = x-. b -'o) Xx--- 1*R. +$ E= aB th ;6d6;6d,fi 2 FI F tr tr. ' € EA F fi ie E cB aR e'E".i 'Fv ;*;+; a: 6 d EEH ? g @ &Ha dilqi E >,'; o ts 6Hr a .QsE 'F FE9 E g). - 5 F€-4^'3 o d-l PgT.H Fr '6 jI k ry .E o 9i !5 BE;EE >,tr 6.4 k H A>,a k :lrl< >, a gF< .EEgE (D M gz E Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FOBCES AND TIIEIB DEPENDENTS. ?e ii EE Cla O^ N\ OJ\ dldl HO ts6 .iI-E.; '-dE+ Xi X6l cdv cgv E3F ESB *H , v .E".jd.es.o era -i, EEN+Efr i; Ei ts =* v-o I* x:=sFq 89EE8eEH HS HS RU R5 IT '.1IT -t ll E$ E$ ES R6i x6l =$ xil v, 6r E=E xxx ;68;d F'Ft 6r dv -s !g ? Ertr. I. .Hd € Cr iN dh- .tv a EH5 uo a E'9 E'S' Ho TA E3. E3 gd H k o Hg E'S E9 Fq $d sr (od 6il $E EE E9 EE *5 sS. N$ -.- .ryH vv =:r: N \-o sb-i rN t 'A.: '- o Z6!i =ft-'- .e lg :, Fi* 5is r-3o o.e)o .ll^q ; Fth €'. : 8* c:rQ I EE€Eq -i a e ts,ci 'g x cv€ x {€ € F.E 'YXFI tr *id E og d5E g€Eg€E Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 8g GOYERN}III]STAL PITO1ISIONS FOR }IE]\IBERS OF qH IE . .^ >tr E9 =i3 =X Yhaxh' I EEA tr]€€,*Fs; 'rxs HE Yar E | sgs3 .__.J IE :i€ dl V. so xl .::to# F€:; I i EH o'd tt= | gGXa tr3. ssEE I i 0)(t oE ;Eu*i I i (a. dP nl FrE ffiil1-i- \C \Q \Q -:€c) Ir lt ll g9 | *:e6=| J$ jei Hq Hq I iEgE:^ l^- AN -al ^C\ , o.n I ^#-v.l | -* -$ -$ X$ .d a?- fvt=i o 6R t_ jjj ? i.ii It .^lI .^tl .^ .E H .E.g I iBE,=.X.E IF.^ vg9q I I F^ I AE€ 2E9=E€;E9 A gd Itra 'l tra 'l tr^ : tr 'J15i='= 5 R'= 5 E ,-q o dE .:l eA v.: cfJ i/,! :A v tgEi,i HH! I| r"96j r-_---__I EsE ?:2iZi gi 1 ts> i -. c I J E EE '- I r.: I YA-- | =4 t9 >iaja i EFI Ef; | 9$ A$ 8$ S 2 #ElEE e eg iv ;, frl 3 I Egi 5i; l ;g b A.g* 5 | |-.---r j9 :\ Z tF. {' ge jt ac.i a6i ^}i .:- < 4$ a- i' i ii: l;?*o =$ E 3 e.E r t I tsci i =v .i: ..1 .a U EE* 9 h a O Et * d Eq Eq Eq "S €S oc= co= ri c)6 s.!$.'.$,', h F *g +?@ \: .a F,; "i '^-.^.-. a) E= 23 22 E a'E$,s d n rj +r: rrj F 4 &Ph* Nt- alt- Nr a { A *-sXE q rJt = 4;1 }i sESiE -E d ? f F S E a'{""dE k a R 2 ;EB g o : 6 BgE q I Z €'E-r St ,:' : EHgX r-.i gg8 E,; ; 4 aa TEH #tr:t F ? aC X z *Es'' ^.^ Fr ri aGi a ,xE -Hi E'Es >, ''5s ! OH 'is q n a, @bsg 9:s3rl 't!\ a C)P€ sBe o .F jE* = 9.9 -vd €&; a?.4 a€ a E3; O :.1 .{ u) C) Cr g: €) d t.cra ov - ^Z.d4..,$ otrtr "rE itt .r' [:;E " 5rF, !Yi:i OH 'g nq3E c) '7,8-Y*o a. A h o=h;i^. " >,--..^i }FFETE q) 'f :+:-7 iP IJ I Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MlI.i1]ARI }TORLIESAND T.f{IiIR DF,PI'.\DI]NTS. 81 ;l} F=j;;i +4 i tit:Ez+i; E ;is. t1-ill at--j=r _i ,'tz!=:E,itiZ::il -Eii=,=**#=j6 lgtlei;rEiiti}le ;{:;:;r;;3;,til:;i:;r r li=;ta-ii";? Z21E ir= sg- ;'2. izi - l.:€E;tE E t t i Frii?Z i; ii i-F :- t;E;EijZ; i E ivrE| ii *'j iu ;:o-n--i:i;,i: i ir;E:i:;iz= ';E{ifiz -=iil ii-F rl 2;ti,i € -+-+ jL - iiiS;=:1,;?l?E i1c !;e l;s E.qir= i;g lii:Z=Z!;iiTZZEa E*E! ;f-E1j:jj- ;;; i:iitzt Evz;:i:rs El:, it ;i Ei; z! =! zli? ?i7i iq l?;i€;:E;EIit;iE :3='3 s; l€i;,t;Er;;;is;E;:! -;. -i'iZil!=1i5:ii; :giE#EEEE=='?eIbE€ ;:i ;q +='f ++=-.,q= _jl--l##;i:zriirtEi,€# Eti? 3*! 'i! il! rIi --Y--|2;;|:|I:E7\EE;EiE?EE iE d rts :- :* i=;r;EEii/lE?E;€ iiii€ i --iiE;EEi =::X':;':Fa"tvx{33i4#Eii€i : E E €- ; lfli:t= ii ,.* ,-.u,r - i i=+ziilig5!i5;E;#f€ s r r r +-lzErZZE::EE:a;A1=gi;15I= ts:E; ,i ii -d 5 - r--itii;ii-lfftEliiaEss:;itiEEiiEE€.ei,tgtrEEt€ i :--: i : i,__; F -i ; Ii,i=iEE1;-T*lxitiiil **rss= -ig : i i :is*:,tjI'j iii i;E;€iEg#?F iu I E j .iisiillE#iiE,igii#:Ei:€trEliii;; ligfi*'ie;e:s;; giE s i E4 eEiEFfH*l;gi€Es€F#tgl;gsFisrSs Q;"FEiE :I l"E5EE}E. !=E'Er E' : F3 l0;35_17.-.-{i Provided by the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, Georgetown University 82 GOYEBNMENTAL PNOYISIONS FOR }IEI\{BERS OF 3 g:' ;t;Y-T I t*ZP i'F *=eii.: 2 229.2€ s i; ss:iat s:17zi E=r:-i Eigq,j : ETii:;eA: Et*; fA lci;r a F:;ra E;l i:il;i EnJ E'*t+*ilii !{lfui ', ;iiii Eil|rE Etiii i EE* i: j? t E,=7,7ei EE E|:jE Aa ?:EziazlEli* EEq E=,E*? F;;E; sa ;7.2ii i i=;i;E z i= i;r?,if ZEaZ:; E::€i ; lalE!3 €F? EE'f: E EEi= EeE{lr:'ii4EEEi E*n III;E ; it€€r,i ;liEE ; ri;,gl ii I :E?l;E: * Eirias aTii; E axz:z,T 5 E;E;llt=EiE*l;! ?i!2ztE i:ii;3! 5gl E::Eg i:; r:z EAE1;;.2=,; F;l::€; g i ?: #=7iE:?lii EE Eiz,2g +r::;;: e Egi EE,:E i:E;:i i',i 7t!.8r,; l E Es EEtEi:f ::.:: z:sii;;a;tz il::Zi=-; rt =;: : frEE*itr;Hi€ie iEEi;ii;ai x**ii t FfffEF3 Eas!5E z?i1r':*il'*ltili E==n]111' FFi ",TiiEE.fttEril::i; l1rli EElir,*i €gI €EftE :il:EiaiEl*i1,iliz1.Eizlza i !p:;*xfiEli*; x*x*c:in*:: A EEEiEffEiE€E{;*$iEE:E1;#,rX*ZA ;rig;gia;=iiii!cit::!;i iz?x1ls;i;, z t: : g ; * i i; E aEi E i i t 3jiEi2'+,Ei*i'z:+i3 i:: i :;F?E,5=3it€iE;:E! r?rEi4!iiE:=z i FiE:E€EEEgfl#tli#Zi'EE?,2!7ztCt,;aEei7=7tEi s ei:E2ai:iz2E€4"y:=z;1?E tee: E?a :'|1;7-=;Ei2i:c"'.!E!E'i'E',,iti:='E'=r:i,ii':t:e !i ";; 'izisiiFE:i i i ; gi zz *:atlliiTlli Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University },IILITART FC)RC]IISAND TH!]IR DE.PB}f-DgNTS, 83 Scsnprir,p 16.-Germ,atty. Pensionohle suluriesoJ o.ficerso.f the Imperial Army- p. ,llilitd'ruersorQu't$e' lsclrcrlrrlcaccorcling to ltlrvof {av 11,1906, R-,.(i. Bl. 190tj, 565,trom.'\[.--\dam,^Dos rectttin rreiri,i;-i;; nd;i,a iLnrtin, rlo Schiitrupitcn. lJeriin' 1e16,pp. 12-13.1 ptlrenthesesgivelr i[ dollals'l f-\morurts orrtside oi parenthesesgir-cn in mir.rks:atnorrnls insicle oI 11t i I 5:i).i" i I ro I -'l 1;1ntle. I sarrrr'I" 1l,t?:' l'"6fi,1(:ii.-'l""''-' lr I I ottl"' itr'o- I I i I thir 1-* Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 84 GOYE,N}{}{ENTAT, PROYISIO}{S FOR ME},IBERS OF Scsnnurn 7$.-Germany. Pctrctotttftle suluric of oficers of tlit' ftnperitl,l,l,ly_'Con. ; .--:-.- i lservieel I I l',1 i | crarle. solur-*. "l?l;, | "ggg-'-u*alkiv- | ance.-*.+t::l'- | r.,r,roi no*oi-i 'Iotal. I loffittti"'I anee' | ser*alrt'I rnoncl-.-'--''' I tal"' fee.-'-' I I l uiiriiir:n-ihirds)'l-l I l i I -i--l :-l--i--i- -l ;-;" **"*. '.**i--l__---i i--i- lieutenant, lieutenantl I I i I : I serseantniaior: , " | | i : | I a. with 2.4(n If. lf 2.{00 1..---...-..1 3;8 j ,'{r0 I ttts i r00 | 3,486 t5?1.68).salar)--....ti(sZr.0S)1.....-.....i (e0.04)l (lle.10)J (2,i.?3)i (z.l.s2)l (s30.37) b. \ryith 2.100 lt. if 2.100 l.---..._..-l 378 | 500 I 108 I lm I 3, 186 (.i00.22)salary-....il - (5m.22)1....-.--.-.1 (e0.01)l (lle.10)l (25.73)l (23.82)l (75ii.91) c. With 1,e00 M. if l,9t)0 l-....-...-.1 378 I 5{xJ | 10ti I lm I 2;'986' (452.58).salar1'.--.-11(452.58)!..-...... -.1 (90.04)l (lle.l0)l (25.73)i (23.82)l (7tr.27) ,1.llith 1,700 M. if r,700 l.-.--.--...1 378 I ,'ff] | l0tJ I 100 | 2,786 (404.94)salarv.....11 (101.91)1.---..--...1 (90.04)l'l ilt9.r0)l (2J).;3)l (?3.82)l, ,(66.3.6.3) r. \\'ith i,m' 11. if l,'rxD i-..-...-...1 37R i00 :l r08 | rrxr I ?,596 (357.30)salarl'..-..jl tm;.*ri--.- (e0.01)l(lie.ro)l (u.;:il1 (23.s2)l(615.99) i 1.1.!'irst.surgeon.(oberarzt),| I I I I i I assistantsurqeon: , , I I i I I lil'ith -z,ru) c. I{. 1 i I | | i I (571.68)sal*ry-....iLikr:l2o.l I I I j I b.with 2,roo-lr. l i I I I j I 1500.?2),salarr'.....ll,itrerzU.l I I M c.\\rth i.;oo'lt.i I { | i | | ({04.e4)salarr.....llikcrrrr. I i I i i I lir.sccondofiicerofsupptl'de-i i I I i i I n%:*niTt"i s,wt u. lr.. . i i Bi8 | * I ir00 | 4; liS (762.24\salarr'-..--r]....-.---.i--.--.-..-.i(90.(H)l (119.10)r. -l (23.tt:l)i({,95.20) " b.\Yith e,0.il M. ii.. .1...... -.-..1 izs I m0 l-....,,..1 100 | 4.028'(s5s.4?) (726.51)'salary....-il...1..--....-.-i (e0.04)l(lle.10)1.-...-.-.1 (23.Rz)l c. \\'ith 2,900'Il. if.. .l-.--.---.--, 37t1 | 500 I.-.-.----l 100 I 3,878 (690.78)salary.--..iI-.-...... 1..--...-..-i(e0.04)l (1t9.10)!. .l (23.82)i(e23.74) .1.lvith 2.7fi If. ir.- .1.--.--.--..i 37ti | 500 l-.-.-..-.1l0O I 3,728.. (655.05)sarary--...11-.--.....-1. (e0.04)l01e.10)l- -l (23.82)l(888.01) r. lfith 2,d(n :\1.f-- .,-.-.--.--..1 :l7ti I i'{ru l-.--..--.i 100 | 3,578 (619.32).s41x1t...-.11...--..-.i.....-..-..1 (ert.04)l(lr$.1011. .[ (23.R2);(852.28) lr.Firstlieutenant,lienten-i i I I t i i 'arttof*rlillery.pyrotech-i I I I i i : , l'rtgfortresscorrstruc'i'lt. I i I i i c. IVillr 3,lm if 3,I(n l-...... 1 j'il6 | .'fn 1...... 1100 | +,,ZaO (73s.42)Salarv--..-11- ii3s.42)l------.....1 (l30.txj)l (lle.l0)i-.--.....1 (23.82)i (1,011.40) b.lvirh 2.900 ]r. la2.eou 1...... 1 546 | 500 1.....-...1100 | 4.(X6 (6'10.78)salary...-.11- (6e0.78)i...... -...1 (r30.06)l (11e.10)1.-...-..-i (23.s2)l (s6s.i-o)', c. Witlt 2,ti00 If. lf 2,6rJ0 1..--...... -l 546 | 500 1.....-...1 100 I 3,i46 . (61e.32)salary.....l\(61e.32)1...-.-.-.-.1 (130.00)l (lle.10)1. .i (23.82);(8e2.30) .I.\Yith 2,300 M. lt 2.300 1.....-.-...1 5.16 | 5m l.-...-.-.1 100 I 3, {46 (n7.86)sarary....-ll(54i.80)1..-...-....1 (130.00)l (lle.10 1...... i (23.R2)l(820.84) a. with 2.0(n M. lt 2.000 1..--_-.--..14ri5 | 500 l-..._._-.110o I 3,146 (.r;6.{0)'salary....it(4i6.40)1.. ... (ilo.;ri)i (ttg.torl. .i (23.82)' (74e.33) i Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University ''85 I,IILITANT FORCI'S A]{D TIIT]IB DEPENDENTS. Sr"xirriur.c1i.-Gc:r'nlrt,y. Pe'nsioti,abier:,flftr:r;l oficersurul i.tettyo.fficeis'"of "thc Irii.'ri'.,{lrI 16 ateording to law of Ma5- 31, i906, n . c. Bl. 1906,p. JtiJ, fronr M. -{dalil. Das lfiiitiirutt.s ot,ounos ruht irtt' Hecrt, in ik r )tariu, ittd in ilen Schutziruppin. Berlin, 1916,pp. 86-87.1 __..l.:':1::l:l_lj*"1'Till]=:="1:ry:_:"::1]1'feorrarentn"'"'""*.1.,:']a__.i -_ i lser'icei i i I i Gra,,e.i, s,,,....lallowancel l, -..r-..- r.,a, l"itfl3;1T,:!:i"?,#-l*tit!;til**l ffii'I =_i---^^_i-raiI i,ilir,a;i.I I i : r.-..rirnirar...... i{,r,r};}Bill,r,J,3:Sl:::.::::i:::::,:::t::._:::.:i.:::::.:l::::::::iru,,il:?!g 2.\:ieeadmii:al,staffsur-if I i i i I I I geongeuerit oix'rvy jI rr,;;+l ;].000'...... ir,+or, ,-,001----.-..1.--....-lrz.9J8 ,li;'fl#,?i.,Jfo,ilf,'Jel.ifte,z:*:;0r11ztr.ool. (*:+l+;r) tuu.rorl..--.-.:i:.::.:..,c+,r?ilool '' I "ffif?Hii[1,il:],:ii:'if,,,-ll.;3Y!<,,1:&31; r^ BBi, r,.,1:lli ,,,,,iilyl :::::::l::.:::::,,,,,01i:ii;i 4. st-affsrlrseon g"rrur"t or l1 ,,,,ronl ,,0*i. i ,. *or1 .',r01... 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E". - U ^: ,, ,i tsL -c" = -- Q6 -'4 a{, V) U: 7.= r: o 'E Yr -a -.n t? ii. .:A 6l oo :n6 Ell !.1 a c'I4 ttO :i E; e i.: x:; dhi x:! *qx ;j!= dra $m ?7i J= ).G'tt 7.v q).. ! ::=E {45 2' -v- L 'EAr;:.E= s.- : d Z*t' riR =x -;< u5 xx :'i ^ Y = tr r: 'i'z d-d ? q< 6ld al at -^L Y.- :Y .J*-: r: "iAE :? .::' ,C Ei* .=; -^ f F9J OE t?= !l atj 5:i :: a c*" .t^* .A =li Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 94 GOVERN}IENTAL PROYISIONS FOR }TEIVTBERS OF lt I lalae$.i ll ll il c3 i';l=la:ailr^r a lr;1o'3*--3Il.-_-i ------l--,\-'<-^ _l ti l ll .a il I i=l 83'58t tl l=l;lq=s=;*l l1 I I?J lzlll-rnd I 't I tr il m tl l--l + il ll^-srl lt l-l-il1\l tl 1J if;l':i€5Y:Rfl O | o' I )c 1i -! | a).o963- - -l| li l- I tl lln-'.(}I "lj li -i i^,i-.11':11 r-61 j i;' 1 ' 7p6ri I a ti I al 61 6':rc,tt I :l i i. :cHlFnd;H I rt ivvvl -^--^^l li fl il r a i l3r 9.?-zRi li I _' i _. : ilOC)C\dr I ll ci I I 3) | oo5!i.':c'l i I i T i Ii=-rcq I N ll e I r -lv I U) ii i--.-i---:--^ ^- ^ i ]I t< = I I r-3: I -i a I | = | f;a\+ o I - tt li 'L: !ii i3 col cd l! m ?4.3 l3l=rrv=';=*l | | L t-t:'-l:- I -.r:1] tt I Yli i+-ve | , : ^ n I ! .J I i? i s€*gi .=I cod :1 a aan \,=a | *- r I srJsoixl i ? ^Yn! | l :a I st-5fc:)- i Fq !| SN 4N9! .J a) ! llrirl.o3*=i 6l N _-____:___ ql ^! I ,--Fn a i J- lrlC)5orl \ 011 fl=iraoc\nl 2:9 | '. I = I . .== N .-:-i I ^Q,,1?J € {li \ol-rov I- cJ# lNl5lRF;:I,*, - t\ C) *r I- rQ r)'+t N I lt'rr(f,isi I j | c)r "___= kil -rol.:c\ <, o rr^-^l c4 "'H. Lt | | ro'J ro I t: l\ ,6 o ro all O< q) s iE R. Ytl -;16;=- lslS:s:iqs:i(t 0)l ra^ I | ic-,:*iar I ,' t\ t- ar-r\o 6 F Ic fr ltl ro 66lm t- o' 'A lrl^t I I r (,.?_ i, I li d ccaqF -!- c4 '"c'i ald ^ I I Z I t- t O a6 ccm !t ro al ras3 lsl+ls,+,tx*Ei .odroird ti a,) i I it i i d ls= ! l,iJvl__,__a_/:\ ;l .S i6 o | ;\___=_l vl qnF ! a I d-t- l- i 3 SS€EER€RHF l{=lN:{r--li $!,J cii IJ o9"9"6"8"8 ^= l*i=la,:=iR=l N a I i I io-L')i*H I s" E# Itlvvl Eil d .:> t l o I : :ao6l O) l tr en I I 5 r53 i d GoFEg'sFaEFi-q):= (-t l bc Itl;iE*e=5si .*li og.u€."E"g"3-:e I l'.o liorsiYv I r€ llJvvl 4 L --i- 1L ,: i € | | ^---. ^-i lit6nol ti Si:r h 'r1?l s 3 !:; l*l=i a tr, R n a i:\ YR l--Itg$=;l]'o ur*.n*:ov i co :a:PFe3s3a I i I i €ri +; *, fn *iRi -id j-il ,'i U trl .gdb ii lrl 55,"r1'iN t.trF | | N:i i 9^5 | | 5 ori.'. i E d: p€E YS'.X il f- o' I IY I I xoi:'i:rr i ItL | " I N :.:.'a*-:'t-t l c 4i+rrrr 'r! | | i sl, -- J Yll ._- /l ti 5 l_i=l i'.iil *tf €i I o' I ;' I ;;ie:ill I -.4 rc .c-+-:tv e' d I i | I ,nl a:.t I -.:-i-: % {l /;' 4 ' +:= i - ? | 9r9Q I F 5l i>= lNl=13R53'q;l trl U:i, I rta l)a,r5v-v I ii ltivl q ii aJ ltt $ s I a I Ne3 LO I l=l € 4 ,.1 .t) $ q k r lzllle=a*:=-.r+;c'ivf;v i' lfi I a |. ..-1----.---:-;-_)-rJvtrz'- I cd ! I i .!::jli i.l:;)i -O !t:l Fl q #1 '6t;;; p c\ 6r al ia i4 r- sl,=:_:,i fn l.- i - JI Ll .;,rEi U) ;i::L, llz=i i'/-J.: Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS. 95 m6 am'a nrj.ciozr-c *: n3S l:R5 ! llll .lal 9Re;ll Ai=les=ra-FZii't J ho ," '- *-- v:6 vnr | ll :. i---i-_---- ll .-: i| il l- ra I ; l=i'it ir. ll c, F i i- | c,i+'j=' .t h a .j.l 7 | iHz+[f:::^lj li o -- '/ l-----r----- ll 'rl-lir-r-'ill| i ^ Il H: C'Fr-= 6l a i'l i':, ,!,c a - I @ c 63 F o "J7 c! i ! ! o a v) ) a Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 96 co\:ERNlrTNT-{L pnorrsrolys FoR }IEMBEB$ or Scunlur,u 2l.-Gernwny. Tlte gcncralpeneion tn Ii - Xey:.3 equals pensitrnalrle aetir,e service bomrs or bonuses.r DP equals-disabliily pension (without 1 morelarv uilt. eciuivalent to $0.2JE2. P equals Dcnsion to which deceased was. of fould hai'c been. J pe-nsion- I b€en eniitlcd.' Minimun for widonrs is 300M. ($71.a6).t Maximuui: Where atternativ6 t widow is younger i,han the deceascd. g equals mrmber of years in exccss of 5 during which widow and trlrd. u equals number of years in excess of 18 tluring which the deceased had served. [sourcc: Reichsgesetzblatt, lg06, p. 565; 1906,p. 593; 1907,p. 214; 1912,p.-115;1914, p. 336.1 [Amorrnts iollorved by M. are in mar]:s; other amounts are in dollars.l rl il \ i Pension, annual amount to r.,'idcw unt,il reurirrriasc. i t' rl -__ --_-- -l j tr *iou*ui, mo.ei Ifu'itlorv is not ruore thau 1i years I than 15 years I )'orurger than her husbancl. I younger than I herhnsband. L.\rrrrasttl. I I t_-_t i -lrioim..m., i_-r I Minimum.t Maximrim. l- ' I I Ifruarriagc lastedS! I ]'ears or less. i rl Offieer (ineluding medical officer) rvho was at tinre of death entitled, eiiher actttally or in case of retirement, to a. Lifclone Dension, or D. 'Iemnordrv ncnsiirn. rn casc D. the pensionind of tho widow, cti., is tliscretiona,rv.? Ofticer (including medical oflicer) of re- i serves whose death was due to an iujtuy i in the service and who was at time of (l j {{ to pcnsion, either actttally 4{fis P... - . 5,(fi' lI. ,lUl 'ler,-t.tt;Lof death entitled of ..... lU.Ylo ol I' . .r. -.. or in gase of retirernent. Pensioning o{ the rvidow, etc., is discretionarJ'.? Ietired olficer temporarily draftcd into aetive servicc who-had leit the sersice. c. UnDensioned, or b. Perisioncd , prortiilcil.in case D. that mqFiage followed' retntrance int o acllve sorvl@. Pensioning of witlow, etc., is tliscre- tionarv.? Soldier of lbwe,r rank (noneommissioned officera or privcte) who died 1. Atter serving 15 years or lcss c. TVhile in the active service, from anv cause. havins served at-least l0 years, or'- b. I\:hile in the active service . (or within 6 years of leaving aetive service) from an in- jury sustained in the service. I II. :{.ftcr se,rving z year's il exoess oI i I 15 vears I ri. in the actir-e I I Wtriie serr'- it750u. or l{-xI.;. ol ice, from ilny @,u$e. 300lI.*lEe M. -. -. ,r. \\ ithin 6 yeais of learing :l DI',. activo sersi@. from an injuqy strstained iu the i serYlce. I r Tho l)oss€ssionsof a rleceasednremLcr of the Crrlouial Forces,left lxrltiurl by Liur jn tl-rec,rlrlries illay be seni fiee of charge to I he rcsidence of his surrivors iu the tjelman Dmpirc. Members of the householil C tbe deceased are entilled to free transportation to their homes within a year of his death. See,also, Sehedule 23, p. 102. r B for thd Army and (blonial l'orces is tlte good conduct bonrrs. For the iucludes also only '.[he Nav]'it the Donuses for length qf serviee, for sea voyages, and for specialist's skill, ri'idow rtrceives the stated per- centagc of the iurn of her hirsbarrd's bon-usos,except-l:hat lhe arnounl: altowrrd lo htrr on this basis riray never*exceed one-fifth of the pensiou to whiih hefhusband \r?s, or would have been, entitled for toteil rlisabtlity (or 20 pcr cent of .DP). a In 1'6e!snins,the 40 per cerrt of hrrsband's pension t Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University i\{ILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPET{DEI{TS. 97 ai,Iou.:so,nd of o.fi.cersantl enlisiccl men.l ctoiklren * bonuscs) to which deccasedwould har-e bcen cntitled for 100 pcr cent disallility. II. equals marks, German enl.itlcd on Liic thv ol his dealh.r IIzP equals pcnsicn to rvhich widol. oI deccased1vas, or t'orild hrrre nl:-rrnruns arc sirdrvn the lorver ainoLrn'ripplies.i s eqrrals mrmber of years in excess-of 15 by v'tiich uoceascdhati bccn marricd. e equals nrrmber of years in cxcess of 15 during rvhich the deceased hl,l [Source:Reichsgesctzbhtt, 19lt{i, 1r.565; 19{-}6, p.593; 1907,p.211; 1912,p.415, 191.1,p.335.] [,\i:icunts foilolvetl by M. aro in marks; other amounts are in Pcnsion. annual amorrnt to widow until rcmarriagc-Continrred. Pension, s,nnlal amount to each chilci 6 untlcr 18 r'ears 1rwirjorv t' *oill'T3'ft'{3:* vounserthan of age and unmarried, Maximum pension, annual amount. to whole dct,.endent family. [iinimum.4 If mother is If rnother is living and en- dcad. or not Maximum.s pen- I i marriage la,sted years titled.to entitied to ?/ slon. pension. in c-xccssof 5 1.6nv's. 'gor9#'(1'1e1)ot4cls f of. WP.-- 3347ool 100/sot P. rio II. (11.29). looM.(23.82).. r00/oot DP. 3Cr0}I.l-182 M. - --. - - -.i, zoToof. 3315/o of 100/o of DP. I ploporiirrnatcly. ff rvidorv anrl orphans together receivc more than the specificd maximum and if a r1c- ctc.i-sL)lll tltc llonsion is tiric in addition brrcausoof the rvidow's comparativc ),outh, the widow's and qi'lllrl-rni'pcn-.i.rnsarc,fi:st tlccr'.ra,sedproportionally so that togcthcr they do not cxcced the 100pci cent ci_rsriritit-lipcnsionoi_thc dcctrscd.soldicrithcn the iviclorv'spension is dcci'eascdon :rccountof her i,ge,aud thc stiur so dctiticl,cillront tirc widov-'s pcnsion is ariderl to the orphan's pcnsions until all the llcnsions togciircr arc eclri*l Lo1 lii: 1i)0;rcr c"n I rlisability pension of the deceasecl. ( Seep. 106.) II onc of tbc bene- ilcirll'it's dii's, the rctnii,ining_benefitsincreaso up to their ordinary value, proviCed the maximunr fcr the wirolc fritniiv is not c:icrrc'ic:i. r _ t f in any_cascthe maximum indicatcd for rvidorv rvho is not more than 15 years younger [lian her hus- brlnd proved to be lcss than that indicate,l for thc rvidor-v-rvho is l5+r years younger tli'an her husband, tliis smaller marimrim would apply to the younger widow. o I ogilimatror lcgitimatcd. z I3y.conscnt of. the.highcst military or marine administrativo authority of the contingcnt or of the central colonirl arlministration. - 8 For tlcncn,lcnl.i of noncommissioned oI'ficersin the Navy ranking as deck o{licers pensionis rcckoned likc tirat lor rlci.renricn{,sot commissioned olicers. I073-o-I7-7 Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 98 GOVERNMEI{TAL PROYISIONS FOR, MEMBERS OF Scnsrur,o 2L.--Germany. Th,egene.rcl pension' to u'irlor'r:s i Pension, annual amouut to u.id.r.ru-un1 i! !"r'marriage. iI _.-.-'-t !l iv!rlo\\' ]s more I If widow is not more than 15 Years than 15 ycars I yollnger than hcr husband' youngcr than her husband. I)eccaserl. a---- IIinimum. l trlinimrim. r trIaximrim. If marriage lasted 5 years or less. Soldier of lower rank, etc.-Conl inued' Iil. In aclir"e scrrice (undcr contli- tions I. or II. c) and while irr re- I ccipt of a pensionehle bontrs I t )A- r (svnnbolized' -o. by 3): I r'26"(300}t.*t5% Ilu'ing serred 15 Ycars or 300 M.+15% of B - -l 3tj0u.*207c'oI DP I ess. of B). b. H?:..,ilg,"t:ved z in ox- 3oo"M.+182 M.+ L00o/o of DP+ Ycars I j7 .r,c//., ot B - c. Ilaving served ?, yea|s in 300 M.+18e Ir.+ l LOOo,/cof Dl'+ tl excessof 18 and z Ycars in Li\|o ot B+.9uTo 37.59bof B, or excessof 15. ofB. I 750 \L*30o/6 ol I B. IV. l1'hile entitled to a pension ior 18 300 M.+182 M.-..1 750 M. or IA0c/6of l{.. + lEz years of scrt'icc, from any cause. I D P or l00o/sot P . \/. lVhile cntiilcrl to a pension (irom I any causealtcr 13 yttars cl servicc orirom injury sultained in the I service) including a pcnsionable bonus (symbolized by !.1; -?r)- r :i3ooLI. *307, a. Llaving servecl 15 ,vears or 300M.*3Cl6 of B - - 300--U. + lOfi, of ItP I ,u ICSS. oiB). -ltn b. Having served a years in 300L{.+182 M.+ 7001Lci DP+75c,() ,"r'300Ii.+18: excessof 15. 30!eof B. of B. 11.*307i'oi l?). OfEcialt rvho died as result of injury sus- 407oolDP.------"3,500 II. ( 8:13.70) 40(7oof P-2r/o ttincd in miiilary service and who was or 10096of P. oI P. cntil"leclto a pcnsion (orlvould havc been cntitlc r IncluCes olficial of reserves, o{ilcial of civil admiaistration or of tho church rT'hoacts as oliicial ol Arm- in time of war, or any other person attactred to tho Army as an ofhcial in time of rvar. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University . MILITAR,Y FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS. 99 and chilclren of o/ficers and enlisted men-Continue'-1. Pensicn, annual amottnt to wic'iorvuntil remarriage- Continued. Maximum pension, annual amount, to- whole dependent family. lrinimrtm. i If tnother is I dead,or nol Maximum. I Il'nrtrri:lllo llsl etl z }-a,r.'{, entirlcd to i in c: ,n-T-' J-tu-" i,r (3ooM.+30% 300M.+20ToofDP.-.. 20/6of.'WP---.\3trVoolWP.. 300M.-i2jVoof DP. of B). 2.=t2u (3oo l,{.+182 300M.+182 M.+307o 20lo of WP. -. 33*%'of.WP... 100,o/()of DP+7570 oI B. \I.*30%,of.B). of B. 40c/oof. P-2r7o oI P+ 3,500M. (833.70)or 20/6of. WP... 33iToof. WP-.- 100/ s oL P. ayl6 oI P. 40Vnof.P. -15r If .-F:l0Ull. "i 300 M. (71.4ti)or I00/s 2\Toot WP-.- 33!lsoI I[rP.. l00Voof.DP, I oI DP. I I l Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 100 GOVERNMEI{TAL PROVISIONS FOR, MEMBERS OF seseEaja HS FiAjS oricxo*olj ^: ro-orcoroorco $q5-sHYH R5 K5 K5 v v H,^ H.. H... * .^ Fr- ts - '4 +tsi+..-+< + d; -,) Aa ^'^ :^ :^ : orj cr -rj ONCTOT-Ct- mvmvmvmv o L-1 N':-i cr --1 a o' N jl tsq=,q-,i4 i, E'S :3 q oc,j on c'-i ns8;:8FBi1 5m S:: !Ivmvmvmv Fv tsv c4 c\ H .-H*s*F* t4@€,,Ct' FX €F :i$ ;Ei r*:: € Z"ex oj* i €.9 fi i H ;.8; o €sti EE3 i (n E ,dbrll .6,"]A6i.F c>, =, gE; EE F: k !h Y' * Eq .gE H E 8: ".E I.,:- SEuo tr'> 3 :! : ;' :oF 'E.:E h c) Tts.€ E-E r; ,: i -y@ L*F b._ .Lr, - F :.! o F11:?:.:1..a= :.o r- X,t-. ) AL' g;9=t n- tu HOq) bFhE v Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS' 101 gi:Ei:lsi E=fi* :i;9 E;€:Ei€Et ,:;ElH !Z?E Eix',!ii E;i ;ii i::E EEIIT,EI'|PEH€iF #"E,8 g;!!:*E€E-eE ;a? €ei; a.;:a+€gE U eEi IH: €EE+ ii:iaiF€E;n ;eg i#H Et;;gE*9s iE ii; ;;l; E=e;lii!! E 5EE r; 3=€E lEEEi:tEE EEilE i;E€ Ei'EriE;n gu tEg e€g a E€ai;;tr€ i; EarE;re fi::gEEE?€ E; rEr F::i E:s*E*E3EHF€9EE€.EE gE EBF Eg€? f3:i::EE EcEH ;F€ iiE; :#iEffiitrtr'**;-isB ff ffEEin;*t* f;EacE.lrlEt.;:s;e!*EiE,EE as;';la!lEE B; EEii€triiHg: H:E#? "^ F=q*Ea€F;iFEEiiiigEEHH; E#EiEHdttEF;u{['x izTE;EEEE Hr ffH. { *:E:€Eig; +I;;FEA;i;,EEgE!e!;aEi€E ii;EiIaEi€Efi:#iiEillga EiiEi; d;i€lc-E Egijzi fE EEE rEEni;;iiEii:E ;€*iffE€Ei t;€€g;'q;;5;€ EE i++Es:E sE €i*igEiEiffiEEEE:fiEFE?iEI ugEE H€#E= H==€e'sa**:? *:' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 102 GOVEIiNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF enl'tstcil m'en Scnnour,n Z3.--Germany. Gratuities granted.to dep.endtntsof .o.lficersand dqing in the soaice or u'tnLexn rrc(tpt of p('nstol.t' p' [Source:Reichsgesetzblatt, 1906, pp' 565,593;1907' 214'] Rene{iciary. (ll,hct depen i-l 3p. Up to 3p. Up to 3p. Up to 3p. Up to 3p. 1. If nensioner, d.rarving a monthly 'i perisir-rnfee of p :r[: a single grant irrllorvins his-decease. (If this | is cranted. the d('peudent's Pen- sion besids 3 mohths alter-tho tt soldier's death: otherwise on the dr,v aftcr his deatlr, and lor Po-st- hu-mous orphans on the daY of their birth.) lip to .s. to ,s. 2. lf trnpcnsioned, drarvilg a Up to s. Iip to s ,LTp monthli selarY bf s fl, titen killecl in acl,ivcserr'ice: a' sirgle grant iollol'ing his dccer"se. (In fhis case, the ciopendent's Pon- sion bc{ihs one month after the soklier's Ceatli. ) 2s. Up to 2s.- tlp to 2s - 3. i{ the sccond case applies, and IIp to 2s. Up to 2rl. 2r1.' 2.1. if lhe depcndcnt's.Pensiol is.d 2d. M: a sinslo grant in- addition to pensionandtothesclarY.pensionand to the s3lary. iheihe - .- lls. \.Ip to 2s. 4. IfIf ttire sccond caseapplies, and if 2s. Up to 2s. Lrp to 2"s. l'ip to tirs dependents are^nbt entitled lo c p-ension, a single grant in additbn to the salary. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University .MILITARYFORCESANDTHEIRDEPENDENTS.I0S DEPENDENTS' PI.]NSIONS. (1) A general pens,iott,is granted to tire wiclorv until she remarries, anci to urirnarricd icgitimate or }egitimated orphan under 18 "t".y yoars of ug". Thc rrmount o{'tho bcnt511,delietrcls upotr tht_vt'ars of of th,, doct,rsr,{ solclicr: the time of his nrtrriagc: tho dura- "oroi"" ti.^ of his rn,u,ri..dlilc; thc cliffcrenct in irst, bettr-ceuliimsclf nrrd his rvife; the pension tor,rlhi.l, he rvas entitlecl on thc tlav of his cietrth or to rvhich ire rvo,-ri,lheivc been e,ntitlctl liad hc then retircd; and the petnsionttbl..'botrus or goo(l-con Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 104 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEI\IBERS OF J[ini,mum qnarpensi,ort,for the qtsidowof a ytri,uate.__If thehusband died in'hiie he was in the standing army after 10 years of service, the widorv's general pension is 300 rnarlcs ($71'46)' Thc l'ar pensioir consists in this case of 100 marks (. 23.82) per )rear nncl is grtnt,crl only if the private died in battle, or as a result of a, rvound roccivcd in r.var, or suffered other injury in war and dicd thcrcof l'ithin 10 years of the conclusion of peace. Her total pension is tirus 400 rnarks ($gS.Zg) & )'ear. If the general pensiorr.is not granted because the soldier scrved less tlian L0 yetrrs or for some other reason, ancl the rvidorv is entitled to rrar pension under the stipulation above mentioned for the a=w.ard of war pension, her war pension consists of 400 marks ($95"28). Thus the widow's minimum war pension in either oase is 400 mnrks ($os.zs;. }:[ari,mum gtensr,onfor the tni,dousof a prtuate.-The figurcs in the accompanying table give the widow's general pension, providcd the widow is not more than 15 years younger than her husband. Years of serrice. I cur.u.olpension. General pension. 300 marks ($71.46) 444marks (S105.76) 318marks ($75.75) 462 marks ($110.05) 3116marks ($80.04) 480 marks ($114.34) 354 niarks ($84.32) 498marks ($118.62) 372 marks ($88.61) ,516marks ($122.91) 390 marks ($92.90) 534 marks ($127.20) 408 ma,rks ($97.19) 540 ma:'ks ($128.63) -126marks ($101.47) 540marks ($i2S.(:3) If the deceaseddied of an iniury sustained in the ser'"'ice,while in the standing army, or v'itliin 6 5'6n15o1 leaving actiye servico, the rvhdle irr,l'leapplies; if the deceaied died rvhile irr the s-tanding-almy aiter 103'ea.r's of scrr:ice, the table :ipplies from the tenth year on. The maximum-attained after 29 years o{ service- is 540marks ("'U28.63). If the deceaseddicil in retiremeut, after at least 18vears of serr-ice---cntitled to a pension at the titne of his death-the uSoyg lalrlo annlies irorrr the cillrtctrrl,h )cJr on, rvitlr tlre lrr,rvisothaL if lilc pctt.ri,:trtu rvhich tlte deccased had fuden entit,lcd rr-aslcss than 540 marks ($128.ti3),the rvido'rv's pcnsioncou-ldno[ exceed this lower amount. If the deceased died in battle or as a result of a wound received irr war, or sufrered other injury in war and died thereof within 10 ycars of the conclusion of peace (stipulation for the award of .,nratpcnsion), the widow will receiYe 100 marks ($23-82) war pcnsion in addition to the gencral pension. Total, 640 marks ($t 52.45) a Jicar. If the widow is not entitlcd to thc gerneral pcnsion, she reccivcs only 400 marks ($95.28) p.t yoar t'ar pcn.sion. J{i,ni,mum w a't'p ension;for chilcl of a Ttriuctt e .- (a) Chiid whose mo thcr is living. If the father ciicd aftcr 10 yt'ars of service, the chilti's gencral pcnsion is 20 pcl ccnt of iirc wiclorv's,i. e., 60 marks ($14.29). If, in addition, \r"ar perlsion is granted because the father's death was in accordance with tlic stipulation for the award of war pension abovc specified,the rvar pension for the fatherless child is 108 marks ($zf .ZS;; his total pcnsion is therefore 168 marks ($+O.Oz;per year. Providedby the Maternal and Chitd Heatth Library, GeorgetownUniversity I MILITARY FORCES AND TITEIR DEPE}TDENTS. 105 If the general pension is not granted, the fatherless chilcl receives 16g marks ($+O.Ob;war pension. In either case, therefore, the total is 168 marks ($+o'oz; annualiy' 'pension for the fatherless child Tl,.u general pension of rvidow and orpha' togethcr must not be more than 540 marks ($128.63). If it, is, thc general pcnsions are de- creased proportionately, so that, t,ogether they ale equal to 540 marks ($128.63'). trf, under these circumstances, a decrease is also due lrocause the wido$' is more than 15 years younger than her husband, a cleduction is next rnade for this; arrd the sum so deduct,ed from the r.,-icioTr,,spcnsion is addcd to the child's, until all the general pen- sions together equal 540 marks ($128.63). (6') ni,}l o"phan. The full orphan, or the child whose mother is not cntitted to the general pension at, her husband's death, receives ($Z3.SZ). 3,i)| pr:r cent of the widow's pc,nsion,or 100 marks If the fafirir,s death was in accordance with the stipulations for the rn'ar pcnsion, the full orphan, or ihe child whosc mother is not entitleci to ilr,, .uurl pcnsion, r,J",,iv"* 140 marlis ($gg.gS) rvar pension; his total pcrr.sicrrtis thcri'fore 24A rnarks ($57.17) per year' it{ the general pension is not granted, the full orphan !9t "q"_*alent)(or receives 24a marks ($fZ.tZ;. In either case the full orphan ($57.17) year. eilnivalent) receives a total pension of"240 marks per 'prtuate.-(a) mother nfart,mu,;m gtensr,onfor chttd, of a Child whose is living. Th" chilcl receives 20 per cent of the general pension ($25'73)' g-r,antecftothe rvidov', i. e., a general pension of 108 marks ;i'1. g.rreral pe'sion of the widow and orphans together must not decreaed exceccl540 marks ($123.63). If it, does, all the benefits are 1;,lttpclrtiorratelyurrtil540marks($128.63)isreached.Ifthefather,s pen- il.rrtir in acclition ,satisfi.esthe stipulation for the award of rvar sion, each fatherless chilcl receives 108 marks ($25'73) war pension; Lis total pension is therefore 216 marks ($51'45) per year' If the gerr*rul pension is not granted, the child receives annually 168 r:rarks ($40.02) war Pension. (b) FuIl orpiruo. The fuil orphan (i. e., widow's step-child) receives ($42.88). 33! per cent if the general widow's pension, i. e., 180 rlarks is Tf iu", pension is aiarded, the full orphan (or child u'hose rnotirer fatlter's noi, ent]itled to a widow's war pension at the time of the rlerth) receiYes140 marks ($33.35); his total pension is therefore 320 rnar:ks (.fi76.22)per year. If tire g*r,..roipension is not granted, the full orphan receivcs 240 marlis ($s2.17) war pension per year' war pension Marim,u,m penstoi fo, o T,orrnt or grandparent.-Only tho same condition for is granicd to a parent or grandparent, _under had been the solclier's de,i,th as before, and only if tho deceased leavi'g their eniire or chief support before enterilg the Army, or aftor The pension the ArmL uP to tho ii,'r" of his last illness or death' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health,Library, Georgetown U"iversity I q 106 GOVERNMENTAL PRO\TISIONS FOR }IEXfBENS OF consists of a maxirnum of 250 marks (. 59.55) per Yoar for a single boneficiary on behalf of a private or noncommissioned offi.cer, and is granteri only in caso of need, by consont of the highest rnilitary or marino authority of the contingent. The parent or grandparent of an officer receives 450 marks ($107.19) a year. Satnple calculatton of general Ttenstonfor a'utii,ott; an'd orph6171's}-f s{.,)irgeant,(Oberfahnenschmiocl), having serr-erl 19 years, roceivccl on Icuving activo service a pension for total dis,rbiiitr a,moulthrg to 720 srirrks ($171.50)plus 180 marks (S42.S8)incretrst', (clue to petrsionablc 'lronuses arn"ountingto 240 marks), or a totai of 90C marks (SZf+.aSt' TIe dit-.Cand u,as survived by n wiclow moro ttran 21 years younger than himself to rvhom he had br:en r''rarrietl 6 voars, three chilciren tlr.at sho had borne to hirn and thl'oo children of a formerwife. Tho widow's basic alltitrErlptliision i,'rl whieh tho actual ponsion of 2 tirc fa,mily would rl,opttttris',tuld include threo elenrents: .300marks ($2t.46), tho rninintum rvidorv's pertsiolt. 18 marks ($a.29), for e.r,chyear in ercsss of 15 Years that her husl>arrd had served, arnc',rlntingin this ctsc to ftlur tirnes 1E marks, or 72 nrarks ($tZ.f 5) a year. liO per cent of her husiratr Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University MILITAR,Y FORCES AND TITEIR DEPENDENTS. 10? In redrrcingthe total family pensionfrom l'164 marks ('$277'26) to 900 rnarks (gZt+.g8)the righi proportion betv"eenthe sharesallowed to the widow, the widow's children, and the children of a previous wife must be preserved.. As rn'ehave seenrthe share of a widow's child is 20 per cent or one-fi.fthof the widow's share, and the share of a motherlesschild is 331gper cent, or one-third of the widow's share, and this gives the following triple proportion: Wido* : Widow's child : Motherless child : : 15 : 3 : 5' In this family there are 3 children of the widow and 3 motherless children, so the proportion becomes: Wiclou' : Widow's children : Motherless children : : 15 : 9 : 15. The total pension of 900 marks ($214.38)n'oulcl therefore be ap- portioned as follows: - - - - - 346.15 marks ($82.45). wid.ow, i-$ of 900 marks. ($49'47) ' witlow's children, seuof 900marks - 207. 70 marks Motherlesschildren,-$f, of 900 marks- more Again, the widow's share must be reducecl because she was than 15 years younger than her husband, but the reduction is modi- fieclby tir. fu.i thal they had been married more than 5 years. tr'or eachy.ur. in excessof t5 years that the l-idow was younger than her husbancLher pension is reduced by one-trventieth, and for each year in excessof 5 years during which they had been married it is in- crcaieclby otte-ienth. Letting r equal the number of years in excess of 15 and gtthe number of ytut. in excessof 5, the follorving formula developsfor finding the v'idorv'sproper share:' 20-rl2y X 3+6.lbmarks ($82.-{5i. becones In this case tr equals 7 and y equals 1, therefore the formula ,wo'H",!4X346.15nlarks($B2'45),ancItirisequa1s 259.6I marks ($61.S4). The amount declucted from the witlow's share-86.5'l mar'ks ($20.61)-is distributecl among the children_so that the share of the is to 15: widow,s children is to the share of the motherless children as 9 ($7.ZS;. Wid.ow'schild.ren, 2! of g6.b4marks. 32.45marks Motherlesschildren,^{d of 86.54marks. ... - - 53.09marks ($12' 89)' have: Adding these amounts to the chjldren's original share we ($57'20)' widow,schildren, 207.70 marks plus 32.45 marks..------24'0.15marks ($95'34)' Ilotherlesschildren, g46.1b -utk. plus53.09 marks. - 400.24marks And the family receives as follows: Wi LCompare Schedule 21, P. 96. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 108 GOYERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF aa aa. d l- Ct7) l-O) C{Or rO C\d r c'f, CY v'- clro ttao cOCtJCr Y-€ 8a vc{vclrNvmvciv+ ^4 .: *t ct 3ra CD@ $i @$ - 0) N(C C\n) CO; d)@ l1a t r-: ei .ri m ci + '.j.o o ri + c-lrl r-(o it- @ca F!-- v C-lv C\ v mv mv bf, aLj=!2 Fa ! c: @at *e €€ iH o X : C\ r-O col: CCg OCI d) .: c! ? : od rjc! c'i scj cii r- *6 oi o ',if o I $ c')3 mCO 4O N e +". ; vN\rNvmvc6v$ %r-q: hc::T rO c')m $d CO$ cO r (o cqd: cni c\i@ $ rc H' -:' i . m d+ 6.d o-j 'o € - :: I I rO r\(O Hr- coc,oC N I- Y * vctvc9vcavs t,a 7, +- ! q ':z,"4 @ S - E (aca al +< at H6 ii € cr oar- 04? oJct o) P C- G p t= di 6ioi r-ci oi* s i rO o)€ cA@ cOO) Cl i ci :ij c vc\vcrivcavv .n .9 I P>, o t'u - *j,.-l (J 9'-'. '5 ca si co$ m r 'Zi Es .E cfj cai coca g + rj..j d rj rj c io dI\ coco o ':: vcovc\:v$ F oil E ':i il -\'- t s Fi.eg ro €0o ii ic '5 t3 I- CO v Cr Cit ci) n. ; E.i o sci cj* r 9io E'' ; cO m€ €Or N F €E 4T { vmvclivY Q E5 i; E c.- s,n S 'V: ts i cas m -! h: H i iloo'r IC v l- :c ,.i -i.i .; l- €oO O e3.ie E v crav + => .=C E= 'i;o S :+ i.E Od;cC F E3 ?,2€ cO @Or Cl ii ;.q d* H vccv$ q 693 E r.| .. /1 g Ef c 7 '1'1 et,; cr :.F ? 'a,9 Fr >: B a;->2 l! @--. - C H >Y : -i )<< e Y', = a :L - ts .o / -- -: u -.t a: ^L Ad ;;o -c i,'^ ':+ .;C ;! NO HE t- v; -i ^o * ,'E q .-6 @ !z 5o t c N j 6a ^! io 5R d o Er F- l.^ t= 3'_ iclco<.r.)(or@o) ,vx z: Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEP]]NDENTS. 109 Dtscnssion of formulafor a wrdow's general pensr,on.-In the charts for pensions of dependents, so many stipulations depending upon variable quantities are attached to certain benefits that the general- ized benefit can be expresscd concisotryonly in terms of an algebraic forrnula. Thus the rvidow of a reenlistecl private or noncommissioncd offfrcerlvho, accolcling to budget, had received a pensionable bonus or good-conduct pay B; u'ho had diecl before leaving active service a{tcr (lS+tl,t years of service; whose wife had been (15+r) }'ears ),ounger than irimself ; rvhose married life with her had lasted (5+y) Jirelirs,receives a gerreral pensi.ln equal to o/o 18ru)I{. + (15+0.9u,\ "rr] u. a veaf. Tlie maximum is set at (354*18t2)M.+[(15+0.9u) 7o of ,B] ]'{. e ycar. 'fhe application of this formula can be iiiustrated by a concrete case. A sergea,ntmajor in the Wurtternberg " SchlossgarcleKom- pagnie" receivesby budget in addition to a salary of 7 45.20marks ($177.51)per year, a pensionablebonus (A:360 I\{.) or 3C0 marks ($85.75). If he had reenlistedand died beforeleaving active service after 20 years of service (u,:2) the formula for the widow's pensionrvould have been '=#[rnoM.+ ro-sro* :29-; L4o, (4b0.48) "] As there are here only two variables, r and y, tirre benefits can be slrown for different values of r and y in a plane table. The maximum 'ialue is 450.48 marks ($107.30), and the formula applies only for values under the maximum. LUNIP-SUM PAYI\{EI{TS. A lump-sum payment in place of the pension annuity may be granteC to disabled soldiers and to widows of enlisted men for the purpose of acquisition or economic improvement of landed property of their orvn, or cooperation in a mutually advantageous building or colonizing enterprise with the aim of acquiring property of their own, if (cl) the claimant is between 21 and 55 years of age (exceptions may be made if he is older than 55) and (b) useful expenditure is guaran- teed. The indemnity is based on the age of the claimant, who re- ceives a given multiple of the annual pension fee. The annual pen- sion of a disabied man may include mutilation bonus and war bonus or Tropics bonus to the extent of the rvar bonus; the annual pension of a widow for this purpose ma,y be not more than 300 marks ($71.a6) Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 110 GOVERNI\IE}TTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF 1 for tiie wirlolv of zr,serrgcant major or a scr"geant of the voluntarV a sergeant, cor- nrcdical corps ; 250lrarks (t|59.55) for the wir-lorv of poral, d"puiy sergeant or sec'tiotirll leadcr oi the voluntary medical inrp.'; 20b mart r (g+2.04) for the -,yicloyroi a private or any other p.roo1 of tlLc lou'cr ranks of the volurrtarr. merlical corps.z lltrltiple oi I :tottir-,i" of anllll:Il i arrniral pell >Ii.)l1 . i peilsiort. 1.irl lr.25 18.00 17.75 L7.50 17.25 17.00 16.75 16.50 t6.25 16.00 L5.75 io. rll 15.25 15.00 1{. ?ir 14.;N I +. iJ ADNIrN' *'rr,.r','r,, * . 3 "Dtsabtttty pensxo??,s.-Pensionsto tlrmy offir:ers are granted by the ministry of war and to navy offi.cers by the imperial navy o{hce" Pensions aie paicl monthly irr advance, and begin at the end of the last rnonth for rvhicii the salary was paid. The right to pension ceases with the o1tcer's return to actlYe military lif" or ivith his seniencc to prison for hig'h treason or a, similar offense. The pension is suspernded: (1) For the time che o{fi.ceris not a subject of tlie ernpire; (Z) When the pensioner is abroad, or his whereaboubs are unknotl'n at the time a charge of high treason is lodged again:;t him; (3) For the tiine of liis sfay in an invnlid home; (4) In case of temporary er:trance irrto active rnilitar;' scrvictt I in this case the amouni of salary receivecl is subtractetl florn thc pension; (5) For the time during whictr he occupies a post in the civil service. a Pensions to soldiers alcL sailors are grantetl by the sane author:i- tics as are o-m.cers'pensions" ;**"t-"'i"r. : Reichsgesetzhlatt, 1916'P. 680' 3 Law of May 31, 1901i,Reichsgesctzbltt'tt, 190ti,p' 5$5 t Ibid., p. 593. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University " Mrl-rraRy FoRCrisaND ii{itjii L)iti)llNDiiN'rs. 1l1 The determination of the degree of incapacity and its connection with the injury received in service is assigned to special military rnedical authorities. The injured man has the right to show evirlencl in behalf of his clairn. Appeal against a decision may be filed with the next higher authority, and in the last instance with the ministr;r of ll'ar. As in the caso of officers, pensions to soldiers are paid nronthly in advance. The right to pension and other relief ceases with the soldier's return to active military service; also with his sentencg for high treason or a similar off,cnse. The certificate showing claim to a post in the civil service 1 goes out of force when the owner of the certificate retires from civil r*trri,," with a pension The pension and other relief is suspended-- (i) For the time the pensioner is not a subject of the Empire. (2) \4lhen the pensioner is abroad or his whereabouts are lrtrknu*'r, at the time a charge of high treason is iodged against, him. (3) For the time of his stay in an invalid home, militarv hospital, or sanitarium.2 (4) fn case of temporarv entrance into active military servic:e. In ttrris case the amount of salary received is subtractecl from the pension. A deduction from the pension, varying according to the amount of wages received, is also made during the time the pensioner occupies a civil-service position. Depend,ents' gtenstons.-Pensions to dependents of officers and sokiiers are gra,nted by the same authorities as are invalid pensions. Payment _ begins at the end of the period for which gratuities (Gnadcngebtihrnisse) were given, and in their absence with the day after the soldier's death. The regular pensions are paicl monthly in advance; the additional gratuities in single payments. General pensions and war pensions are granted simultaneously. The widow reccives the pension until her remarriage or death; an orphan until his or her eighteenth birthday, *ur"i*g*, or death. Thc right of the pension is suspended for the time the pensioner is not a subject of the empire. Lump-sum payments.s-Lump-sum payments in place of an annual pension are permitted to a widow or to a disabled soldier on account of a civil-service certificate. Th9 application must specify at least in a general way the purpose for which the lump sum is intended. The military authorities of t Granted on retirement to disabled noncommissioned officers and men. r In such casesthe pension is given either wholly or partly to the soldier's family, if he had one to sppport. 3 Circulsr of July 8, 1916, on the administration of the law on lump-sum payrnents of war pensions. Reichsgesetzblatt,19t6, p. 631. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MEMBERS OF 112 GOVEBNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR hacl reached his or the district investigate whettier the ptrnsioner an Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 'T'IIEIR MILITARY FORCES AND DEI,ENDENTS. 113 (g) A yoyage of six months or more in foreign r,vaters under the same ship's captain courrts double. Foreign waters are those rvhich are not part of the ldorth Sea or Baltic, these being counted up to the Dover-Calais line up to 3 west longitude, 60 north latitude. (g) e yoyage shorter ihan six rnonths, if YerY injurious to the healtli o{ tire cre\\', may (rvith the Kaiser's consent) count double. (10) 'I'irne (not less than six uninterrupted months) spent by u merr.ber of the Navy not belonging to a ship's crcw in the colonies or their unexplored interior, and in the voyages in foreign lraters thereunto pertaining, counts double unless the year is a rvar year. l'or the colonial forces, in addition to the first seYen provisions, t,wo further ones hold: (11) Service in the colonies rvith the colonial forces, if not less than six consecutive months in length, counts double. (12) Vovages in foreign seas, if not, less ttran six consecutive rnonths in duration. count double, unLess the year is a war year. Stipulations for the reserves show sligh.t further variations. REFERENCES. Reichsamt des Innern. Reichsgesetzblatt. Preussen, Kriegsministerium. ;\rrnee Verord"nungsblatt. Adanr, M. Das Militiirversorgungsrecht im Heere, in der Marine, und in den Schutztruppen, Berlin, KarneraCschaft, 1916. Rimrod, C. Was muss jeder Kriegsteilnehmer von der Kriegsver- sorgung wissen d Miinchen, J. Linclauer, 1915. Yetlz6's Inteniationaler Arnree Almanar,h, Stuttgart, Ch. Bc'lser, 1913-1914. Verhandlungen des Reichstages, vol. 241. Berlin, Julius Sittenfelcl, 1907. Sozitlc Plaxis, Berlin. GREAT BRITAIN AND BRITISH COLONIES.I GREAT BRITAIN. iNTRODUCTION. In Great Britain four l.rinds of payments riay be made by the State to soldiers ancl sailors and their dependents. Separation allou'- ances rnay be paid to wives and othcr dependents w-hiLethe rnan is absent on military or naval cluty; special allowances are mact. the man if he can prove ttrat obligations contracted before he went rntrr the service must be met at a ccrtain tirne in order to prevent serious l A soparatereport entitled ,, Care of Dependents of Eqlistod }fen in Canada't tvas prepared by S. Ilerbert \Yolfe and.pubiished by tho Chil Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University OF lL4 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOE IVIEMBERS a man fi.nancial loss to hi-; disability pensions may be paid to or in jured in the line oi duty *Jfi."ing frorn illness contracted "t- and uggruvated by duty; p"n.iors may be qai_clto ivi.res, children, or oitl.,. dependlnts in""-u.. the ma'is kilied or cliesfrom \''ounds aliow- ililr,", ftru of military or naval duty. Ei1her "orr*equence- the estab- &nccsor pensronsrua)r be continued to children beyond lished,age lirnit undcr speciaJ'circunlstances' paid to and legitimate chil- S*purition allou,,rrrro.umay |c _wives childron, d.re' under 16 years of age, to uinrarriccl r''rivesand their inbo the to iilegitimate children supi)orteclby the o]?* before he went and service uncler court order oi otirerwise, anC i'* the absenceof wife on the chilclren to other persons proved to have beetr dependent solclieror sailor before he entered the service. Separation allorvance from his to the rn'ife depends on the man's making her an alLotmcnt pay, which is Jomervhatrnore than a third of the amouni; allo"red by iUu'Stute in addition. In the army the aliotment is obiigator'.1'" 'I.he amount of separation allowance made t,o a wife dependson the is ranli of the man. The separation aliowance payable for etlch child for not contingent,on a man's-making any allotment' and is the same rlen must' the chilclretrof men of all ranhs. For otlr.erctrepenclents i,he antl make an allotment if separation allowance is rcquestetl" A rr/ife ($6.08) four ehildrenof the private of lowest rank receive25s' avreek, t'o of which the man poy* 3s. 6d. (85 cents). separation-all.o''r.artce wife and children is in no case withhetd because the bene{iciary has other means of suPPort. special allowancur *Ly,be paid to enable men to meet, financial foiiowing obligations contracted,blfore iqut entered.service for the to porio*.*: To pay installments due on furniture or reaXproperty, iu- ,".oi p"operty, to pay interest, and installments due on loans, clucling mortgag.*,-ttpay rates or t,axes,to pay insurance preniurns assist- or fees"due f"or"childrenis schooling. The need for financial ance must be proved, and the amount, paid by the State can not' exceed€104 ($s00.12)per annum' Disability pension is based on the amount of disabiiity and the rank of ttre disabled man. Various kinds of disability are specifi-ed, and the rates paid are proportionate to their ratio to total disebility' Total disabiiiiy for a ptioutu is rated at'27s' 6d' ($6'69) a weeli' and 20percent'disabilityuts*'6d'($1'34)aweek'Inaddition'asum is granted for each this sum also proport'ionaie-t9.th* extent' "t-na, of the father's disability. Provision is made for additional pay- ments in case the man is disabled in such a way as to require the constant, attendanco of another person. The payment of one-half of the disability pension may be conditional on the man's under- going treatmeni or training certified as necessaly for his. interest' No reduction in the amount,of pensiongranted will be matle if earning Provided by the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, Georgetown University I MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS. 115 eapacity is increased by such treatment or trairi^g. \{hen a man is undergoing training or treatment he may bs paia an adclitional allowance. Instead of receiving the disability pension, a man iluy, if he chooses,be granted a pension based in amo{rnt on his prervar income. can proye that { !" the pension, with chiidren's allori'ance, togetirer with his average earnings is less than his prewar earnings, hi roay be gra.rrted a pension which together with hi* rro.t*ge ea-rning* wiil equal but not exceed his prel'ar ealnings up to tr nraximurn Jf SOr. ($12.16) a week, pius tralf of any pt.*ot e:rrnings bef,ween 50s. ($12.16) anct 100s. ($Z+.221 a week. jin case & man choElsestlic qIuYlI earnings instead of the usual disability pension, he ioses ail disability p-e,nsionand allowances for chilclren. A sirnilrr,r arrange- ment can be macle by officers up to a higher rnaximum prewar incorrre. Commissioned officers also teceive disabiiity pensions based-on the degree of disability. These .nary w-ith the kind of commission-tem- poral:y or permanenf-held by the officer and also with his rank" Pensions in case of the death of a soldier or sailor may lie paid to wivg; and legitilate children, to unmarricd wives and their rhild".rr, to iilegitimate children, ancl to otirer persons prcvicusly dependent on the man for support. Pcnsions are to ne paid in casl the man is kille Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 116 GOVERNMEI{TAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF were lrot dependent on the rnan for support prcr,'ious to his joining the colors, proviciing the man was, at, the time of beginning his service, an apprentice ab a recognized tracle or if he was still receiving training in schooi or had been articled to a profession. \Viclorv-*of armv olicors receive pensions based on thc rank o1 the dccoased and the manner of his death, those killed in action or on flying duty being entitied to the highest ratc. Thc royal patriotic fund corporation, of which some of the offi.cers alo appointed by the King and the rest b;r ths admiraltv, armv courrcil ancl other boCie,s, achninister furrds collected from privatc sources for the relief of solciiers, sailors, and their families for whom the allowances ancl pension prove insufiicient. Loca1 commit,tees :xhninister the fund und.er the orders of the chief or statutory corn- mittces. The royal patriotic fund corporation takcs into eccoult l)r'c\yArincome and prewar dependence, besidcs the earnirtg craF'a"sily of the applioant for aid. They pay also temporary allorvances n'here rro pcnsion is payable out of public funds, and grant supp}cment,trry rrilovraucesfor rent. Since June, 1916, they have atlministerecl the "ivas 1-rriva'r,erelief for soldiers' and sailors' families which previously in cha::ge of the sol-diers' and sailors'famiiies associatiorr and soLciierst anrl sailors' help societv and royal patriotic fund. ARMY AND NAVY SEPARATIONALLOWANCES. Separation allovi'ances at'e pa)'able to persons dependent' on the m&n before rnobiliza,tion or before his enlistment. lYives and chil- drcn do not have to prove that, they were dependent; other persons must prove the extent, of their dependence. Wi'rres and. cirildren are given p,recedence in the awarding of sep- aration allolvances, and they do not hat'e to prove financial need. TVives may receive this allowance if the husbanrl makes an allotment from pay. In the arm)'/ this allotment, is obligatory, except for com- missioned ofEcers, ancl a minimum is fixed. For privat,es and cor- porals tlr.is minimum is 3s. 6d. (85 cents) a week, and for other ranks 5s. 10d. ($i.42) a week.' If the man can prove that the income of his t'ife, exclusive of allotment, from pay ancl separation allowance, is equal to the sum of separation allowance ancl allotment due to wivcs of men of his ranl<, he is not required. to make any allot'ment. In tbe navy, an allotment of 5*. ($t .22) a n'eek is fixed' This is not obligatory, but no separation allolvance is paid unless the allotment is made. fn either the army or navy if the man chooseshe mav maice a larger allotment; the separation allowance lemains the sa,me, and the iotal amount is thus incrcased. A wife li.ring apart frorn her husband, and not supported by irim is not eligibic for separation allowance. Orr the other hand, if he had I The pal of a private sol Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown U"iversity . MILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. 11? contributed tc her support, under court, order or otherwise, before moililization or enlistment, she may under some circumstances receive the allorvance. rn thc army' she may be treated as a " depenricnt oi;her than wives and cirild.ren," up to the arnount previously corr- tributecl b.v-iier husb:r,rrc{,but not cxceeding the amount, payabie for a rvifc under ortlinary circumstances. In this case he must rnake thc n.ecessar)'allotment from pay. Wives of rnen of the navy, other tharr rcservists or men enlisted "for hostilities," if before the war living apnrt from their huslrands are not entitled to separation allowance, el.cn lirirugh contributiorr toward their support had been made hr- the irr,rsirand. The rr,'ivesof naval reservists and men eniisted "for hcrstilitics " who w.ere,before their enlistment,, cont:.ibuting more than their naval pa). no\r pcrmits them to alIot, may be granted some separation allorvancc if the man allots as much as his pay allows. tinmarriecl rvives of men both of the B,rlrry and navv may receive separation aiior'r'anceas l','ives, providing 6he roan volunta,rilv rnakcs 'Xhe the rr.ecessar',/allofment froin pay. U'oman must prove that, she t-as denentLent on the mail. for support before enlistrnent, or mobiliza- tion. The fact of depenclence,but not the extent, of dependence, has to ilc provecl. fn t'he narry ttre local old-age pension authorities &re rnade judges of tire facts of rhe case. tror legitimate children a separation allowance is payable, but no allotrnent from pay in their favor is required. The amount of sepa- ration allowance varies with the irumber of children, and no maxi- rnum is set. In both almy ancl navy an additional sum is given for children under the age of 14. The am<;unt of allowance for. motherless children is larger than that for chilclren with their mother.s. Children of wives living apart from their husbands receive a somc- 'what different, treatment in the arm)- ancl in the navy. In the army the children of such wives are eligible for separation allowance. If thc mother was previously supported by the man, this allox'ance is the same as for children of wives who were living with ttreir husbanc'ls previous to mobilization or enlistment. If the m&ri did nol, ooli- tribute tq her support, nnd she is in consequence not eligiblc for separation allowance, tlie chillren receivo separation allorn'ance at the rnotherless rate, whether they are living with their mother or elsewhere. In ihe case of the navy, if the separated wife rr,as not previously supported by the man, and is in consequencc not eligible for separation allov'ance, her children get nothing. Illegitimate children by an unmarried wife have the separation allowance payable to lcgitimate children. Children of a solclier u'ho are not in the care of the unmarrictl r,r'ife, are eligible for separation allowance. If the father r,vas married, and the illegitimate chilci was a mernber of his household, he is treated like the other childrerr; if the illegitimate child was not, a member of his household, he re- Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity 118 GOVERNMtrNTAL PROVISIONS l'OR ]'III]'IBERS OF ceives nothing. If the illegitimatc child of an unmarritrd soltlicr u'as liying in his househoid and 1ro scparation allorvance is being piiicl for any depcndent, the child ma:y recsive the motherless rtr,teof 5 shillings ($1.22) with iro obligation for allotm.ent. I{ the chilcl of an llnrrlar- riecl soidier, alihorig;h not living rrith hirn, rvas l:eing suptlorl,cd by him separation ailou-anceis paynble up to bhe anlount of s,-ltlilprior maiu- tenanco or. 5 shiliings ($1.22) a rveek, rvhicherer is thc lcss pro-,'itlr:d (l) that separation allowance is being paid for no other tlcpcntlcnf ; r;11"- (2) that thc sotrCicrrnakes thc allotment from pav requiretl for penclcnts oiher tha,n wives and chilclren." Separation allowances in respect of chiidren are pnyable until tlitr 1 chilcl reaches the age of 16. They may he continued- up to 21 if the chiltl is incapable of earning a living because ,rf bodily or mcntaL ir',firmit;r, or if he is an applentice earning orJ.y nominal Yr'ages)or is attenCing technical school, secondary school, or universit3'. -{eparation allov'ance is issuzr,lrlefor depenclents other than rvives children if the beneficiarl- can proYc pre\Yar dependence ancl if an.l 'fire neither wife nor child is jn receipt of separation allorn'ance. possessionof income from other sources does not debar an applicant Itherwise eligible. The rnaximum is either (1) a sum rvhich, taiicn with tire allotment, will equal the arnount of prewar depentl-ence' or (2) the u'ife's allov'ance, whiohever is the less. Tire usage as to allotmelrb from pay necessar-f to secure this seiiaratiolt all,lrvance difiers in the armlr ancl navv'. In the armY, the amount is depcntl- ent, on the aliotrnent. If therc is more than one clepcntlent, arid 'wife, the man makes the allotrneni as for a the first dcpenclent receiyes allovrance as for a rvife. and the others as children over 14' the reservists antl rnen cnlistecl " for hostilities " must In the navy, 'fire allot arl amount eclua1 to one-haLf of pre\Yar dependcnce. . other one-half is then granted as separation allowarrr-:c. If rnore than one person has been dependent on one man, the first recei"'es tlie amount as for a rvife, and the others as children over 14. I\{en of the narry other ttrrnn reservists or those enlisted for hostitities must allot a sum equaL to the aLlowanc,etherl- made before the t'ar to t|e dependent; to this the separati,on allorvance of one-half the amount o1 the prewar clependence is atlded. Inlnates of as;r'lums, workhouses, reforrnatories, or any other institution supported from publio funds are not, eligitrle for separation allou'a,nce. Separation allowances for tire armJi or naYy are not stopped under u.ry iio"rrmstances excellt tu'o: (1) If t) man is a deserter (in which case they are renewed if he returns) ancl (2) if he is woundecl or kilted. If a soldier is rvounded, separation alloq,'ancesare continucd - , r,oou *nuo;;;i"r"*.*", tt* il'"u" .n.*y* *nrt *. r,,"**ttt *"v tH. r* r"*. ", "", be coltinued for children under instruction. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University ' MILITARY FORCES AND TI{EIR DEPENDENTS. 119 for two weeks; if he is killed they are continued for 26 weeks. Allot- ments from pay stop whenever a man forfeits pay-during-absence, detention, iinprisonment, oI sickness in hospital caused b)' an offense under" th. uttty act. In the case of a penal sontence, they continle until & rrritn is discharged from the armY. lloth alLotments ancl separation allorvanccs continue if a l]Ian is a prisorler of war, and ha rnay begin or increase allotrnents, after his capture, up io tjrree-fourths r,f liis total pay. Separation allo-,r'ancesantL allotrnents are paid togetlier weekl;' at the post office inclicated bJ' t]tu bene- ficiarv in the apPlication. Since both .oidior* and sailors must be insured under the nationai irisurance act, their rvives are eligible to the usual 30s' ($7'30) mater- nit;' fu"ttefit for each conf,n"eirrent. $cnnour,o 2b.-Great Britain, Army. ClassiJication of ratLk for sepa,rat'i,onallowatzces. Ciass 15. ;!cti.ng sergeant major of a unit formed on mobilization. Chief rvarder in charge of a detention branch (fcr traveling abroad and pas- sage onIY)' \\'arrant officer. (for Class 16. Chief ryarder or principal warder of military prison or detention barrack trai',:ling abroad and passage). I{astcr gunner, third ciass. Quartcrmaster ccrporal maj or (Household C)avalry )' - Quartcrmaster sergeant. Schoolmaster (when not a rvarrant officer or probationer)' Class 17. Color sergeant. Sqtiadron corporal major (Household Cavalry)' Squadron, batter-v, troop, or company .sergeant major' Squaclron quartermaster corpora,l (Ilousehold Cavalry)' squadron, battery, troop, or company quartermastel sergeant. Staff corpcral (I{ousehold Cavalrv). StatT sergeant. \Varclcr and scrr.ant, military prisorr or detention barrack, for traveling abroad arid Passage. Class 18. Quartcrmastcr sergeant of pensioners. Soldier below class 17 emplo.ved as clerk in war office (for money allovarir:e onlY). Class 19. Corporal of horse (Household Cavalry). Sergeant. Lllass 20. Bombardier' CorPoral. TrooPer. Privatc. Gunner. Driver. SaPPer" Second corporal. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MEMBERS OF 120 GOVEBNM]INTAL PROVISIONS FOR d3 6] 6l -t a tsi d. 'nl - - ^i ! ./-aj o. ,tD dH; qJ^= d .e :i .= ht:i v;d s .AXC) P HE .L|.d a16 o.1"; $ -t--9 (ir \) ;, .: .a; ca c/) 61 6i at qJdq a7 F{ -!- != FJ'E o- a=6s3sOt9-3' cl Y2 a ^i6+.drj ]J RHE :^ qlo:>o::cvdv;v s-i t' N = F ra. s?ce \Je A!w c3 .ir a 4 piF ;:3o€'-S-€*t ijq y07 m+'rj€.ca (a Erti a+lO -iviv#v-v ^+ a N A ?, ,n6 *j oTza tr .sE; ^: Fc3!. ctoo@@ .-=:i (dc3 a-R:9:€'E€-S 'o Ls4E d x- 6 o-C q1oli'-€o3o9*9 Qa o= aD ce .dl A (c O ci 5t4. dcc o O F F,v3 d dd: a *< S:H ;E8:R-3*€'*8 ci 6l \_ ^!- d+'d'dco qlOv-v*vilvtv t{ d.< =): .=? +) d. o .€Hr Fbe LAEJ € MQTN H.,a H u-9:?:Rg3*S H t x€ 6/ ^im++rj 9al iJoilo-o v* v IA SJtr6 q1 e (, ci 8: E ^e IH F{ E H a xE-9 L in -y q GrPY '{ i Hd)< q) !p cj ;i k d k o Hq) iiaa F . i7)HH.:< '-l ed d g d .i b0 d d 6 C€ .1 d (a u 6 € ! k d .dH 4 ?i I -1 il ol fr € d 6 c3 r F F F ? Provided by the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, Georgetown University MITITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR, DEPENDTNTS. IzL Scsnnuln- 27.--4reat Bri,tain, ArmA. Specinl weekly allowance_for children under 14 yearsof age(in additian to or(l:inarydeekly'amount of siparation allouanenfor children).r [Source: Army Orders, -Apr. 1, 1917.] Rank of soldier. Rank of sold.ier. Number of chiltlren Number of children years under 14 years of age. under 14 of age. Classes I-9 Classes17 Classes 19 Classes17 and 20. and 18. and 20. and 18. s.d ,s. d. 8. d. .s. d. 2 o($0.4e) 0 6($0.12) n 0($1.70) 5 6($1.34) 3 6($0.85) 2 0($0.4e) 8 0($1.e5) 6 6($1.58) 5 0($1.22) 3 6($0.85) I 0($2.le) 7 6($1.32) 6 0($1.46) 4 6($1.0e) 10 0($2.43) 8 6($2.07) t This does not apply to classesabove 17. Each additional child, irrespective of rank of father, 7s. (24 cents). Ifotherless children under 14 vears 6f age receive in addition to the 5s. ($1.22)payable for eaeh motherless child under 16,"a,llowanceeas follows: First chjld,2s. (49 cents); each addiiional child, Is. (24 cents). Scspour,n 2g.--Great Britai;n, Nauy. Classifi.cati,onof naaal and. mwine ratin'gsfor separ ation allow ances . Sailor. Marine on ship's books. Class I. Ordinary seaman. - - . Private. Able seaman Corporal. Lead_ing seaman, second-class petty officer, Serfeant and equivalent ranks. anct equrvalent ratrngs. Class II. Petty o-ffleer, petty o-frcer flrst cla"ss, and Color sergeant and equivalent ranks. equivalent ratinss. Class III. Chi6f petty offieei and equivalent ratings; Warrant ofrcer, class II, quartermaster sergeant warrant bfheers, RoYal Navy. 'W'arrantand stafi serseant: Roval Marine cunner. Class IV.- of[ce"r, Royal-Mari.nes (elcept Royal Marine grrnners). Scusour,n 2}.-Great Britain, Naay. _W_eelclyseparatinn allowanust to wintes and children. [Source: Navy Separation Allowance, Extraets from Admiralty Orders' p. 1.1 Amounts payable to families of sailors and marines of- ClassIII. Class IV. Benoflciaries. Total, Total, Total, Total, Separa. Senara- Separa- includ- Sepa,ra. includ- includ- includ- tion al- tion al- tion al- tioin al- ing al- ins al- ing al-. ins al- lowancos. lowances. - lotment. lotment. lotfrent. lotment. s. il. $. il. s. d. s. il. s. d. sd. s. il. 60 11 0 70 L20 80 130 140 ($1.46) ($2.68) ($p7o) (82.92) ($1.e5) ($3.tol ($3.41) 100 150 11 0 160 t20 t70 180 ($2.43) (s3.65) (s2.68) ($3.8e) (s2.e2) (s4.14) ($4.38) Wifo and 2 children.. 130 180 140 190 150 200 2L0 ($3.16) ($4.38) ($3.41) ($4.021 ($3.65) ($4.87) ($5.11) WiIo and 3 children- - 150 200 160 2LO 170 220 %0 ($3.Osl ($4.87) ($3.8e) ($5.u) ($4.14) ($5.35) ($5. aol Wife and 4 children- - 160 2to 170 220 180 %o 21 0 ($3.8e) ($5.11) ($4.14) ($5.35) ($4.38) ($5.60) ($5.Sl; I These rates are increased by 3s. 6d. (85 cents) a week for familiss resident in tho London postal area. (See also Schedule 30, p. 122.) Each subsequent child, irrespective of rank or rating of father, Ls. (24 cents) a week. Each motherl6ss child, irrespeitive of rank or rating o1 father, 5s. ($1.22) a week. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University - t L22 GO\TERNI\TENTAL PBOVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF Scnnnurn 11.---GreatBrita,in, Nauy. Specialweel:|ry al-lowance.for chi'ldren under 14 yearsof age(payabte i,n addition td ordiiary amounts of separationallozuance for wiaes and clzildren\. gayy Ordcrs, p. 2.] [Sorrrce: Separation Allowance. Extracts from Admiraltl' Wecli ly arno'.ruts palablc. Number of chilclren under 14. Chss IV. (1. ri. 0 ($c.4e) 0 (irl.2r) (; ($0.\5) 6 (;0. r11) i 0 ($1.22) 0 (sil).!i?l J 0 ($1.1ii) 0 (i:I.2:) .i 0 (s1.70) 0 (-\1.4ii) 5 0 (-q1.95) o (iir.70) 6 0 (s2.t0) 0 (st.ei) 7 0 ($2.13) 0 ($2.19) s Fcr each subsequent chilrl, irrespective of rank or rating.of father, 1s.-(24.cents). tr{othcrless clilclr1rrt l1deir -1-4'ye3rs'ofage, irrespe"ilys rrf rank or tnlilg of fatl-Lcr,rc- ceive in 161-fli{i91 tr.r the irs. ($l .2:) i:ar:ri:le f,rf e:,-ch mrrthcrless child allowances as iottoios lrirst chilcl,2s. (49 cblts);'e'ach ariclitional child, ls. (24 cents). Scnrour,p BI.-Creut Britai,n, Army. Allottnent frorry pa.71-andseparaf:i,on allottance for dependents other than w'i'aesan'd citildren. Regulationsror uro rromPav, and Famill [source: $\,fr.g1r].:%.I,,*B?iT'r9Lrfir?11?;.|rr1.t11itments amount of separation :rl'lowance to dependents other than ri'ife or chilri is clet:ermined for e,lcir lThe ]rt - i".ili'g uceordingio lhc rtmount :rllottsrI Irr-I solrlioi',t i,' lil({'l,in 1l'e.t'el'tt l lle "*!".'"li,,t:l*umf-,iiiirnr. fr,e urinirnunr^aliorir.*trt'i "niJiiirlt, iecluirecl-to secure the varioirs muxi:uum allol:itrces rire shown in iollowing scheduie.l Relatcd amounts lor class 20. ] nehtcd arnounts lor classes15 to 19. aqll Ir I 'rotalmini- ' I gl"-t-i lrinimum I Maximum| ***tl*' I ui"lg'"ry i ua*i-*'1mI T,11lt"l]ll1l- rtrcc*ivill- I sepxrrlticui *:i-i.l';,','* | rvt"'klvrrl- | sepr'tutiun rr:r\inrirrn lorrircnr.raljorvance. I Iolnrrnr. ir1,,..,,,iu1 l#;,;;ii;; lull(,\r'ci'ce.' , lalio-;'ance. i iallorrrancc' s.d. lr.a. 1,.u.I,.a' lr.a.I,.a. l'.u.Iu. -i s'd' iliru,iitI rils:lgl13,3f$3:331Ii';r$s:g:l l:lIssr$tiil gtgt;il I!li$fil? I[$3:13] liiiIrii$fi{illil[33:6[] ri?[ifr?,9ii a 3l iii iiiiii,iii rBiu:rll i,iiii,'?iIi?iii Ii,Hiii'il]ii'iiifii?ju,*u:'l ':l lu 0($2.13) s oiso.s;rij'"ii'l!:".5i iTltl$f$; )l I : :!:l ::::::::::::::::::.::.::::::::.:::::::.:::; l[B?:??]i! i[i}:i!],ll lili:i?l liir .il'#3,T?$?3iJi"J:,xi,:313:,?:feffi}$ffi'j,}i:3;:"l,1il*il*ll"*:*'"1i,1"#31'hi,f',ii.TltJ"";i:;lsti ago, v'ith no fixed maximum. ARMY AND NAVY DISABILITY PENSIONS. If a soldier, sea.man, or rnarine is dischargerl as medically unfit for further service, such unfitness being certified as either attributable to or aggravated by military or naval service in consequence of the present war, and not being due to the serious negligence or mis- Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 1VIILITARY FORCtrS AND TIIEIR DEPENDEI{TS. \23 conduct of tire dischargecl man, he is eligible for a disability pen-,ion. The maximum pavmcnt is for. total disability, and grades ir ai*auitity are arranged on. a percentage basis, with proportionate 'Ijre to amounts for the r*ou*l degrees. amounts vary according *,he rank, but the pension for lowest, rank of Army and Navy is the same. If a man's meclical unfitness is neither attributabie to nor a,ggra- vatccl by military or naval service, and has not bcen caused by his negligence or miuconduct, he may be granted a glatuity or tempora'r;' allorvanceup to a maxirnum of gttro ('$729'98)' In arldition to h|s own pensi.on,a man reccives pensions for chiklrt:n r.rncrcrthe age of i.6, oi'oYel: that age if theS' are rnentally or physicalllr inlirm, ot* oppten.tices receiving a nominaL rvage, or are tr,ttencling a secondary o; technical school oi a university. The pensions for the chiiciren.aLo are in proportion to the father's disability. If a child, is rnainiained in the army or navy or 1n any instituticn whollSr or mainly srlpportecl from public funds, ttre allowance grarrted on hi,; accounb may be reduced " to the extent of t'he reliclf'" llisabied A"*y men of the lowe.st,rank receive no additional pen- sion -for service. X'or men of the Army above the lowest rank, who are of aro eligitt'i.o for service pensions, ttvo &rrangements -rna'jc, which iLo -u,l can choot" th. plan more adr,'antageous to him' "B;t t5e iirst, he is entitled to the disability pension of his rank, with no addition for service. By the second, he receives the same rate as a man of the lorvest rank, and in addition a1l the pension to which his service eniitles irim. In the Navy the same disabilit;r pension rate is fixet1 for men of all ratings. trn addition to this, and to the usual servico pensions to which the man is eligible, a special pension is given in respect of service, rvhich lnclu-des periods of service strorter tiran those recognize.i by the ordirlary regulations' llst,gacl cf disability, prewar earnings may be rladc the basis of thr. av,a,rclof pcnsion, if th* *ut thinks this arrangcment, more to his advtrntage. i1 this case he must, prove that the sum of t'he pcnsion to rvhich fuis clisabiiity entitles him, plus the chilclren's pensions ancl the avcrage earnings of which he is capablc, is less than his . ($18.24) a week. Ilri,wii-r.eralnings, up to a maximum of 75s. \.arious inducemerrts are offered to make a rnan submit to treai- m.ont or to training which is consiclcred valuablc for him. One-ir*lf of thc pensiorr due hi:n and his children may be withheld if he r"c: fuses to undergo the treatment prescribod" If he must be a\f&i' frorn hcirne duiing the treatrnent, or training, he may be paid the amolnt due for total incapacitl, anY fees, charges t)r expenscs are paicl, anrl in adCition the lvife and children rcceive the pcn^sion they would be entitlcd to if tirc man wore deatl, but tlrt' cost of his main- tenance whiie a\\"ay from honre may be deductecl frorn his pension. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MEMBERS OF L24 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR the marl may be paid At thc ter.milatiol of a period of training, 5s.($1.22)forcvervo".klren,asund,crgoingsuchtraining.Ifthe from home for more trcatrnernt ric*s ,roi r,..".ssitate 5is being uwly pension, the chil- than part of the tirnc, he receivcs his disability 10s' ($2'44) for e'vcry clrerr ur" git.n their p.tt.iur,*, and he rcceives 1i'rself f.r part of the tvoek the trcator.*rt ,',,q.,ir.,i his absenting trnie. its final contlition .[f a mari's physi.c8,l disability has nol, reachecL tire temporarv disability' a perision rrrut''lr* granted .*itubl* to a permanerit assess- Thi" shdl be reviewJd fto- tirne to time until rnent is made. to be decreased on Permanent pensions once grantecl are. not capacity, rvhether re- account of u,,.i change in the man's earning srrlting frorn trainitrg or othci' c&llse' 'n*-v be gl'a'ted a A tcmporar' *il.i*rr,re of 14s. ($3.41) a n'eei< a' pension or greiuity' tnail on hjs dischar,:geuirtil he can'be avrarcied he insurecl under iho Since all mcn of tho 3'rnr;' ancl ]rfavy nrust only for permanent dis- naticlnaL insurance act, they are cligible not warrant for the pensions uniUty benefits duo them indet the roya. of sailors and rnarines, of .otai.rs and order in council for the pension und'er the national in- but also, if totally disabled, to the sum due 5s' ($r'zz; weekly if the surance act. Tne tatter is diminished by 'Ihe nationa'L insurance act clisabled man is in receipt of a pension. At*y and l{avy are not expressly states tirat insured men of the the act' ellgiUte ior the medical benefit provided by 'injuries entistedm'en scnnour.n 32.-GreatBritain. speci'fc for f;ffiT::;'::!';f":{ such proportions of the sum I{en with disabilities of 100 'corre.poodper cent or less receive of their disability, in the payable for total disabilitY as to the degree following categorY: Degrees of disabilitY. 100 per cent.-Loss of two or more limbs' Loss of an arm and an eYe' Loss of a lcg and aJreye' Loss of both hands or of ali fingers and thumbs' Loss of bcth feet' Loss of a hand and a foot' Total loss of sight' Total ParalYsis. LunacY. man being per- wounds, injuries or disease resulting in disabled nnanentlYbeclridden' organs,involv- \vounds of or injuries to internal, thoracic or abdominal ing iotal permanent disabling effects' permanent dis- wou"nds of or injuries to head or brain invoh'ing total abling effects, or Jacksonian epilepsy' VerY severefacial disfigurement' Advanced casesof incurable disease' Provided by the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, Georgetown University MII-ITARI FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. L25 Degreesol disabilii-v. E{} per ceut.-r\mputation of leg at hip or right arm at shoulder joint. Sc' ere facial disfigurement. Tottr,l loss oi sPeech. T0 per cent.-Short tiiigh amputation of leg witir peivic trantl, or of left arm at shoirlcler joint, or of right arrn above or thlorigh elbol-' Total tlc:iltless. *,hat 60 per cent.--Amputr.i,ion of lcg rrbove knce (othcr th:rrr mentirlltecl under'i0 per cerrt cliseblemerrt) or i,hrough Lnee, or of lcft elrn abovc or throug'h e11-ro*',cr of right arm beiort eiborv. b0 per ce1t.-ArnF,.rtation of leg below krree (including Symes' and Chopart's iunpu- &rtion), ol of letrt arm below elbox'. Loss of t'i;iorr of o;ie eye' 40 per cent.-Loss of thumb or of four fingers of right hand. B0 per cent.-l,css of iirirml.i or of four fingers of leftharlci, or of three fingers of right hlrrd. 20 pcr cent.-Loss of i,wo fingers of either hand. ln {,he case of left-handed men, certifi.ed to be such, the compensation in rcsl'rc<:tof the left arm, hand, etc., will bc as for a right arm, hand, etc., and vice versa. In case of injlries irot shorvn irr this scheduie, arrd irr the case of disease, the p,:rLsion may be assesseclat the degree iu the schedule which is held most closely to rcprr:sent the clisablement corresponding to the injury or disease. Scunpri,E 11.-Great Britain. Army. Classifi.cati,onof ranlcs of enlisted' tnen ft,r 1trt.t'- poses of Pensions. Class l.-_Master glnner, third class; schoolmaster (x'hen not a warrant t'fiiccr); quartermaster corporai major (Ilousehold Cavalry); quartermaster sergeant. Class II.-squadron cor?oral major or squadron quartermaster corporal (I{ousehold rJavalry); squadron, battery, troop, or company sergeant major; squadron, battery. troop, or company quartermaster sergeant: staff corporal (llousehold Llavalry) or staff sergeant; color sergeant. (llass III.-Corporal of horse (Household Cavalry); sergeant. Class lY.-Corporal; bornbardier; second corporai. Class V.-Trooper; plivate; gunnel; driver; sapper; pioueer (Royal Engi:reers). Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University - I L26 GOVER1VMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEI\TBERS OF Scnnour,n 34.-Great Britain,. Pensiotts to enl'isted nrcn, for total disubtli"ty. In addition to the amounts given irt A, B, rmr! C, if -the c,rnstr,:lt attenrlirlcc of seccnrl person is necessary, 20s. ($4.87)a week ($253.%a year) may be paid. ,IO A._ARMY .,IND NIVY. MEN NOT E,\TITLED SERVICE PENSIONS. [Date from Royal Warrant for Pensions of So]rliers Disabled and of Families and l)efiendents of Soldiers Deceascdin Consequenceof tho l'resent \Yar, together ri jth r,rder in Couneil and Regrrlationsftir I on- sions of British Seemen,their \\'ido'r.s, Relati.,'es,-aryd Delrendents,,r.nd Iiol-al Warrant for the I,l:', ,lpirointment, I'rornotion, :lnd Ncnellectivr: Ptry of tho Army, 1914,pp. 9, 20.] [Imolrnts outsido of 1;lrentheses lre in shiilings and pence; arnounts insi..le of perenthcses are in tiolhrs.l r (7.91) Noncommissioned ofiicer, Class II . :j; 0 1 (8. trt ) Nonecmmissionedoflicer, Class I, r.varrantofn- l-. "--"...,-""-l 37 6 Ci:lss_II. | (9. i2) ___cer,warra'nt ofrlcer' class--_ r"' _ i 6 I i Scsirour,n 34.-Grmt Britain. Pmsi,onsto enlistedm,en far total rlisab'ili,ty-Continut'd. B.-ARMY. MEN ENTITLED TO SER\II(IE I}]].iSiO}iS. [Daia from Royal 1y*t.unt for the ?cnsions of Soldiers ])isat'krd and of thc l"arniliss and Fenenilcni,s of Soi,.liersDeccased in ('onsequcnt'o of thc l'rcscnt \Yar, togethcr rvith ()rtlcr in ('ounril in licirril,tir,ns fr:r i'cnsions of Ilritish_Scantcn an,.l li.farincs,.thcir W-itiow's, Ilclllivcs, and l)eltcnrlcnl.rrr p. 9; tioi.ei r,1-arrant ior the 1'a1', Appointment, lrornotion, and Noncfcctir-e ?ay of tho Anny, 1914,p. 27{.1' [Amounts ouisicie of parentheses are in shillings and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are in doliar:.] Serr-iec pensicn payablo at the end oi not i,.' than 1-1vears' service. Minimurir Maximurn. weer.rv.an:ruatrr. rveerorr. annuatr:r. -i I I I I '- '--l- Noncornmissioncdoflicer,Classl\r 8 9l (110.76)I tt 8l (142.63) ('' t'' Noncomrnissionedofficer, class IrI. 18)u | 1trr.oo, I ii) n | (1ee.1c) Noncornmissionedoriicer, crass rr. , ,rrn.nuy'ozz.32s , e2r.r2) ::':i] | | tt'?8' :: ii] l Nonconrmissic,,re.loffcer, class r- ] 1" ii' o | I r i (243.36) Warranlwarranl oflicer,oflicer. classClass I-.--r---- -l.l Afier s6rving 51-earss r.nu., ad ',"J.lroiJnJ""..rvarranf offLcer,afterarter 20 1 "t1'..*l}r,l'nycirls' tlrralifying service,"l 24s. 6rl. (5.96)a week I (309.92a year). Norn.-Men entiiled to serviee pensions receive in addition to serviee pension (shown above) e flat rate for total disability which is the same fol a,ll ranks and amourrts : -: Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS. 127 to 2'/s.6d. ($6.69) a rveek ($347.S8a ycar). For lesser disabilities the flatrate varies in proportion to the degree of disability. For disability of less than 20 per cent, a gratuity or temporar-r' allowance mav be granted, the maximum to be:f1200 ($973.30). Scnnour,n 34,--Great Brtta,in. Pensionsto enl'i,stecltnenfor total disability-Continued. C.-NTIVY. }fEN NNTITL]]D TO SERVICE PENSIONS. [Data from 3o--rallVarrrnt fcr tho Ponsionsof SoldiersDisabled and of tho Familiesancl Dependentsol SoldiersDecsitsod in Consecluenceof ths Present\Yar, togetherwith Ordoi'in Co,.inciland liegulations for l'onsionsof Briiish Seamenand l\farines,their Widox,s,Relatives, and Dopendents,pp, 12, 2C, -AdndraltyNar-y List, April, 1916,p. 912.1 ,1''ormen of all lanlis totallydisabled, 27s. 6d. ($6.69) a weeli: different degrecs of di:r*biiity, frorrl ii,-) J)er cent dos.nwald, proceeding Li.v grades of 10 pcr i'ent, in pro:'ol'tion to tliirt amourrt. 'ilic iollo$'inq aiiiounts are added in rcspect to senice to the amount due in ear,h c:tlriL'f crr disai;ilit.i : '[Veekly Length of servico. amount of pension, f. d. I 0(s0.2 1 ) 2 0(,i0.4ri) 0($0.|i:l) t 0($0.{r;) 0($1.22) i|ulther -lrensions in respect of long-time service are payable in addition to both ihe aincunts altor-e . l'ri'ent.,'-two ]ical's continuous serrdce after age of 18, or 22 years of noncontinuons selr-'r'eafter,agc o120, rvcekly, 5s. 10c1.(Si.42). Jla,'h good concittct Ladge, weeklv, 3.t,d.(7 cents). t ic,rd r'ondur:trnedal, rvceklv. 7d."14 ient"). }[:':ximntn t--ensionfor scrvic"c,'aU b-adges, charicter and meclal, weekly, 8s. 2d. ($1.gg). Pi:{,t1' oillcerr; are entitiecl to the ratcs of pension due thenr ioi tneir service ds sean:eri, and in additic-n, to pensions as of{icers i,s follows: i)ett;" o{Iicer, i^oreach }'carts scrlice as su.i,erior pctt} oflicer, weeklv, 15s. 2c1.($3.69). i{e,r'orrd clars petty ofllcers or -rates ranking a; leacting se'amen with over i-yeait scivi, c as such, ca,'h vear, rveeklv, 7s. 7d. ($1.84). . t']ricf pettv oflicers,-ior e'ach.year'sen-ecl iri that'capacity subsequent to the comple. tio;i of the first period of contiirucrus engagement, n'eekly, 15s. 2ii. ($3.69). .Scnonur,n }l.-Great Britain, Army and Naly. Weelcly pensions Jor children qf di,sabledertl,i,sted men. [Datlrfrom Royal \Varrant for the Pcnsionsof SoldiersDisabled and of the Familiesand Dependentsof Srl.liersDeceased in Consequenccof tho PrcsentWar, togetherwith Orderin Ccunciland Regulations for Pensionsof British Seamsn,and }lariners, their Wiclows,Relatives, antl Depcniients,pp, 2, 1b.l For first chiid, 5s. (91.22). I.or second chiid, 4s. 2d. ($1.01). Fcr third child, 3s. 4d. (81 cents). I,'cr each subsequent child, 2s. 6d. (Gl cents). Children of fathers assessed for other degrees of disability will receive the corre- sponding proportions of these amounts. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University OF 128 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIOI\S FOR MEMBERS PENSIONS FOR, OFFICER,S._ or local A commissioned officer h.olding a pelmanent' or temporary in the territorial torce commission in the regular or t.**trrn forces or his colnrnission, or is ;;t be pensio*ed u" n. rctires, reiinqr-rishes cif rneclical unfitness phled in th. territorjal force t'escr\-eson accotlnt tt,ift,utl.ot na'al certified as either att.ib't.ble to or aggrar.irtccl b"l' duc to his so'ious ser'ice in consequerloec-rf the p'eseni n'ar atrcl not perman'ent comrnis- negligence or ruilconduct. If the officer holds a' *'hich- si'u i' the r.egular forces he may be granted a pe'sion_'nder for hirn: Ile maj' e\rer of the foliowing pla's is more advantageous be eligible accord- receive the retirea pJrv to which he'would ordinarilv a pension rvhich i,.g to his rank uni l"ngth of service ancl in addition of clisability; or is the same for all ,nnl* but varies rvith t'l'e degree holcling a tern- Ir-;^t be paid the same amount to u.hich an oflicer pernranent oor-i-i- poral.v .omrnrssiol is eiigiirlc. O{liocrs not ho}tling degree of ciisabiiit;r' missions receir,e p",trionJvarying rvith rank a1{ but not holding a An office, in re..'ipt of service pension as a soldier, service pension permal]ent commission may be granted either this all ra'ks, or ;h. special disability pln.ion, which isthe same for ;i;. a tempora ry ir* *u;' be grantecl a pension to which an ofiicer holding and needing th9 commission is eligibie. i\ rnan totally disabled receive an acltlitionai constant att,endance of a second person may lost t]re sight of pension of f 78 ($379.59) a year. An offlcer rvho has is to be granted ioth eyes as the result, of wouncls received in actio' not, less than f 300 ($1,459'95) a year' ($248.38) a year An educational allowance of not more than €b0 child over the may be granted in cases of pecuniary neec.for each but g." Thi* allowance oeasesif the disability pension-cea-ses, "g- "t tlre child is oirrinarily continues as long as trre education rvhich receiving meets the acproval of the minister of pensions. offlcers, may O1ficeis, tike enlisCect men and noncommissioned offrcer who ca'nprove receive a pension based on prewar incorne. An vr'ound gratuity or that the sum of retirccl puy, t Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND THEIB DEPENDENTS. 129 -sper:ialinducements arc offerod to officers to submit to tre:ttment or training. An officer's pension once permanently fixed may not bg rcdrrced because of increased earning capacity resultirrg flom training or other cause.. One-hnlf of his pension ma)t bei withhelcl if he cle.clinesto submit to trentmcnt presc,ribed. Regarcl}ess of the txtent of his clisllrilitr. irc urtrv be grarrted the highest rate of pension g'hile he is recciving training or undergoing treatncrnt in a hospital or sanatorium ot: other instituiion. lledur:trons fronr the pension rna)- bc made, holerter, t,o co\rer the cost of his rnaintonlince at the rnedical institutiun. Adclitional sunis tilrlr be gi-,'t-.n to clefray exDc-)nsesiniiclental tt., treatment or training. I)isablliticrs not pcrlnanent are pensioned, but only temporarily, rurtil ihe tlegree of tire permanent disability is established. For ilisability of not less than 20 per cent a gratuity or temporary allou'- ance up to a maximum of f 500 (ff2,433.25) may be given in lieu of pension. If the officer's medical unfi"tnessis not attributable to or aggravated b;,'militnry or naval service, and is not the result of his orvn negligence, he rla; be granted a gratuity or temporary allowance up to a maxi- rnunl of €300 ($1,459.95). scnnpur'p pertn& ::,#,:mfo:;!,':I;*;i!,y"ItlTfl!#no\i,,""Y*,,tr;:{i,i;,:.!:o!,!;;! 'IData from Draft of a Royal lVa,rrarrt for the Retired Prty of Olllcers l)isabled and for the l'ensions of the Families ancl Iielatir-es-of Officers I)eceased, and for the ?ensions of Nur-oesl.)isabled il Consequencoof ths Present \\:ar, p. l0.l [Amorrnts outside parentheses aro in pounds; amounts within parentheses are in dollars.] ,\mount pavable lor to1.al disability. lVeekly. Annuallv. l{ajorgeneral.-----. (32.76) 350(1,703. 28) 1t.isa.ii;rs;;;r"t.:.. -..:..::.. -..-..... --.::...... (30.42) 325( 1, 5E1. 61 ) Colonel - (25.74) 275(1, 338. 29 ) l,ieutenant colonel -. - - - - (?3.40) 250(I,216.63) ]\Iaicr - (2i.06) 22s(t;og1.90) CLr,frtaLr.lieutenant, second lieulenant (16.3E) 175 (1i5I.61) To officerstotally di"*abledand needing the constant attendance of a secondpersor] f 78 ($379.59)a year is payable in addition ro these&mounts. Other degreesoi clisability, from 80 per cent, graded by tens, to 20 per cent, ar€ pcnsioned at rates proportionate to those above. 10735o_17_9 Provided by the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, Georgetown University 130 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR, MEMBERS OF Scnnnurn 37.---GreatBritain, ArrnY" Reiired P-qVto which ofic^e1s.ngrylfgpermanmt commissionsin regularJorces are eligible on accotttr'toJ chsahlily. from Royal Warrant for the ?ay, Ippointment,-?romotion, and-Non-eflectivo ltay. ot.lhe 4.*y* lData'-rft]. pi for tho T'ensionsof rr.-iro:-birft ota nol-af rv-ar.aif toiitre netired P_aV Ofrcers Disabled and ;h;^b;;titdrild R;i;ir;i oi oflicein i,eeeased and for the Pensions of Nurses Disabled in Consequence of the l'resent W'ar, P. 10,1 within parenthcses are in dollars.] [Amounts outsitie parontheses aro in poulds; amounts ?ensions pa-vablefor- Weekly. Anntrally. Weekll,'. SPeliril. Maior general (32.76) 350(r,7o3. 28) Speeial. gener*I. (?'2.76) 35C(1,70i1. 28) Spocial. Slreli.ul. Itrigadier (23. 250(1,21(i. 0l) - (28.08) 300(1,159.95) 40) Coloncl (23.10) 250 (1, 2l tl. G'i Lieutenant colonel- (28.Ofi) 300(1,-159. 9;) ) (14.01) (72ir.9S) Major. (18.72) 200 . (97:1..30) 15iJ (e.36) I00 (4E6.65) (7.02) 75 (:16.1.9{,1) Caotait't (4.68) (24:'.33) Lieritenant and second lieutenant (6.55) 70 (340.66) 50 l{o.ru.--Officers entitlecl to ciisability pension at the rates above recei\'-ein addi- tion to tSis pension a llat rate for totai dlsability which is the sainefor all lanks and lesserdis- ;;""t.'i;Jioo ig+ss-o;l,)'ear, pl.18 s.5- 7/i?d1(.q.9.36)a rveeli. For at*-fo-on,:*,t iiiiio* the liat raie variesinproportion to the disability. totutty ai.abled aid ferluiring the.constalt atl,endanceof a seconclperson an additional anniral pensionof '€78($szl'r9; is payable' A1 o{ficer iL receipt of a service pension as a soldier, but holding no permanent, commission in the legula,I forces, nray be paid the flab rate sf f 100 ($486.6b), which is the same for ail lanks, but varies rvith the dogree of rlisabiiity, and in addition the service pension to rvhiclr he is; entitled. tr'or men of class 5, privates, gunners, etc., this ser"vicopension yat'ies from 4 s.8d. ($t.t+; a week for 14 Years oI service,lo 7s. 7d. ($1.84) a week for 21 years of service (frorn $59'28 te $g5.G8 a yelr). The rates of servioe pension for noncommissioned o{frccrs nre giYerr on paga L26. PENSToNSro DEPENDE*t3"o1"Huilrn?:.tASED IN CoNSEQUENCE The most stril Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MTLTTARY FORCES AND TEEIR, DEPENDENTS. 131 cauned by his serious negligence or misconduct, his widow, children, and other dependents may receive a pension. If the soldier, sailor, or marine died of wounds, injuries, or disease not attributable to or aggravated by military or naval servioe, and not due to his serious negligenoe or misoonduct, his widow only may reoeive a pension. This is tempor&ry, payable during the period of the war and for 12 months afterwards, and amounts to 15s. ($3.65) a week. The permanent, pension payable to a widow equals one-half the sum. her husband would have received had he been disabled in the highest degreo. Although an unm&rried wife of a soldier, sailor, or marine is eligiblo to the same separation allowarlce &s a wife during the man's servioe, her pension in case of his death is-smaller than a wife's. If she has beforo the war been wholly or substantially dependent on the man and has been drawing separation allowance as for a wife, a pension of 10s. ($2.+a; a week can be given her rrnder oert,aincircumstanoes. It is payable while she has children of the man in her care. After they oeaseto be in her care she may draw the pensionfor the period of the war and for 12 months afterwards, orfor 12 moriths after the children leave her charge, whichever is the later date. If subsequently, becauso of infirmity or age, she becomes incapable of supporting herself, the pension may be renewed for the period of incapacity. A separatedwife mey be paid the same amount the husband had given her, under court order or othelwise, up to a maximum of 10s. (. 2.48) a week. Some additional provisions aro made for widows. Three pounds ($14.60) are allowed for funeral expensesfor her husband. \Mhen a widow reaohesthe age of.45 her pension is increasedls. 3d. (30 cents) a week. She is enoouragedto submit to training advantageousto her anclmay receive an allowa,nceof 12s.ba. (gg.O4)a week for not more than 13 weekswhile she is undergoingsuch training. ff she remarries, the pensionoeases; but a year's pensionmay be paid as gratuity. A widow whose husband was receiving a disability pension of not, less than 10s. (92.43) a week, but whose death does not entitlo her to a pension, DaI neverthelessbe granted a pension of not, more than one-half the sum her husband had been receiving. The maximum in a,nycase is the amount, she could receive under ordinary rules as the widow of a man of her husband's rank. She must, have been living with ths man at the time of his death; her pension ceaseson remar- riage. If a widow ca,n prove that the pension granted under ordinary circumstancos, together with children's pensions, equals less than one-half of the pre-war earnings of her husband, up to a maximum of 75s. (919.24)a week, she may be granted, in lieu of ordinary pensions for herself and children, & sum equal to one-half of these pre-war Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 732 GOY]'RN}Itr}{TAL PROVISIONS FOR ME1\'fBERS O[ earnip"gs. Liltlerr this arrangenrent hcr nrttxirnutrt pt'rrsiotr tr-ttttld ire 37s. 6d. ($g.tZ) a tr-eck. Oh.ildren of I'iriov.s. or of unmarried ri'idorvs, arrd of septrtitcd irir-es receiye a pcnsion equal to the surn they rvould have received had their fatirers been totatrl;' ilctipacitatetl. Children of separatccl u'ives are eligible for tire pension ..l-6,1rif tirc father had not contributecl to their moiher's support. I'Iothcrless chiltlrcn rcccir.'e pcnsions at some- \\'hrrr,irigher iutnr. If rro trvo of the cirildrerl are untler tlitr cilre of t,he salno p.r.uo, this rate is 7s. ($1.70) euch; if t'u'o or more rre untlc'r the care of o1e person.,the rate for the first is ?u. ($t.70) and for eitt'lr of the others 6s. ($1.46). Illegitimate children, maintainerl trnder court order, in<,luding chiltlren u'hose mothers were not supporteld by the father, may be paid 5s. ($t.ZZ; a u'eek each. {lhildrcn rre .iigibiu for pensions up to the age of 16, and be1'sn6 that ege if thc-r. *ra b.ing ed.ucated at ir, secondary or technioal school or i'r uni',-cl'- sity; o"lf he is incapable through mental or physical infirurit,r'of earning a living. Children's itensions are.continued even if the mothcr remarries and thus loses her own pension. In addition to widows and ohildlen, parents of the deceased urav also receive a pension if they were wholly or partly dependent, on hirrr for support. Mot.oo"r, if the man I'as at the oommencement of the war an apprentioe, $'ho had spent one year at his trade, or had bcren articled toa profession, or $,as qualifying for a profession at a school, college, university, or hospital, his parents mav receive the pension if they become at any time incapable of self-support by reason of irl- firmity or age. If the mother of the deceasetl is u'idorved during tlic lvar and becomes incapable of self-support through inflrmit.v ol' age' tire pension may be granted her witliout regard to pre-war dopencl- enru. The sum payable to one or both parcnts is the same, arrd t'he maximum is 15s. ($3.65) a week, or, if they wcre depentlent orr thtl d.eceased.for support, the amount, of such dependence, whichever amount, is less. Oth,er clependents, eligible for separation allowance, rnaY be grantetl a temporary gratuity of 5*. ($f .22) a week, if they are in pecuniarv need. and inoapable of seJJ-support, for the period of incapacity ntt6 for 26 weeks afterwards. Atty other dependents may be granted a gratuity equal to a year's pay of the cleceased,or an amount, equal to a year's separation allor'- orri. and allotment, as such allowance and allotment were la-st paicl or payable. A gratuity of 26 weeks' pension may be grantetl, on tho marriage or remarriage of a fernale tlependent, including a separated rvife, but tlre pension itself ceases. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MII"ITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPT'NDENTS. 133 't ;-l ct, c 6l FEE Z'\; - =l d) 6r cn c) i ts ? rl dN+.4 psE€[P !l Cm(,Nl € '>tr.: cl crmma ;:l: i! i a. r^- o rn E -a vo c -6 a f Y t v cJ @ ;J *-s-A'"q-A ! ! 6 ;d >. tr a3 f | i tJl cJ g c\H i CJ ;xsSe85ss ni- - I I -- .* t$ aP o j I :*--...::-*<-l F'^9',vE-d4o-n -tl =- : f3 :a 'a n q ': .a/^-q E*r ilc3 | e €l I 'C I s* | o X ai oa,a 'i j: F a\ : X El R = $ s I A .24 o j | t d 7? !. >. = v a ;--x-;-;- r, ,-@ F : d' - ..1 G hi. /- >, l ':.8'1 ^:1!:: d-g-0=0-g ts ::v = E E €+JI tr I .ccrcctrisc+s q cC ol UE aai() %ivC\vNvmr : Rlx E i b ()L .A.i;E-c r-\ _'i d 3=.-: : :g I t * e) !-1 A ,\ .:.: ! ;i "'; a o d at ii : :-;^ o 9 j =-:ii.€H :.-+ ^.r. iL 5,€E9sF .- .E .E :e; a --E i: :l -. c) G.E E '€ Ya ri € iE #: e fi * : rF :; F *d c .: ot vr; ..! k € !P: A no:- e Yitr o @, H I !" €v !9 g i : ! ;a ! , ;3 ii.i E E; -::8 e{U E := : tr =.!7;. q, !Y €i E: K E - OH Eis# 6; *8. Flr i; 2 =.! ; -^ rd : !:; - ;9-', .: .;F $ h n"aFE F * et'=t .3 bE .E cd ;u E .E 99x :ec*Q o ;'i EE h H B:H v Fg :,EidE';9f^'c- *-.i:^l - e6 E: EE ; 3 *g"E F d l;l {L1]cr E ,a q q q n ,}1o:{ ;! ,^ IX E:€ F P,: ;i E l?l 3-e "c,?,p ts fiE F i=rF egrEl E R H'S .rV 6cd 4 d Eos \ :s c) :5 aL v J^aQ u'E,a 3H 11 N < A,^-r'-+ XC ; F i-.- c X iio L O ::= E:cB !l l:H ,-E d s6 *i q *? > l'do--a^a*a -tt .HP i I 6 al- oa 6 q :iE E7E ; lqq tr= co X P I a!nmg2+=6t'-€-;J6tv6rvNv :3b oli b -;{:9 q s I .e 6 H ' i,E Hrui fi: a | a =/\-*,\J!-yJ ';ooa'7 ci3 €c, T' srt* F71>;-,fi;E 5 diH..FZ E€;t NqtF F-_32 bFc9:; a, €F E EiF :!;F nd E;EEH -' *ci 9 g:E*:E};!E R- €pEf:€ ;.F;5*3EE: ;;q ts -;E A;i.: E gi=.q \ F! O i" iEE E!F ,^s o .=Ee zAE=*cZi_Zi : l;= 'i- O F s! 31e EE:'F:€; r- 'O- !. c) -\ =x .a ize.FETiqi*.E;i \/ ;.Y 'i ; I t i;YZ Es;E ?3 tvtF ?:8 .Ed;:'Z:iig:ssEF93' * vii, 7Jr e"?:'= H'4, i :E€eEscn?iiEB hoC .:3 f' H.EH N H'S;E i ;: G:< i tg€ !3ea5ZE'aAE r-t q 7+z {g'aii6; P5.1 iir ? g{;a-:* c .i*2't E::-{ I -' (tr ;?=,;aileii5? - a , E':9,;7;1-E: il:E: [: SiE;H d ,OO E--E:E5s ,L9 '6 id 1J e:E*:38 P H=r.3.rE a 9eO r?[i:#; t€iEfilE i'\c€ 3t x'-.8:E= i Eh.!i 3 id€€ c3 ci ct L d ;, id ige- Ell*?!!v,ii-O ^ a !L Y '!.C > ? g- -- Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity L34 GOVERNMENTAL PRO\,'ISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF DEPENDENTS OI' OF'FICER,S. To be eligible for a pension a widow rnust, have been married to an officer before the receipt of the wound or injury which caused his death or before his removal frorn duty on account of the contrac- tion or aggravation of the diseasewhich caused his death. Thervidow of a permanent regular officer married after the contraction of the diseasev"hich caused the man's death may be pensioned, howcver, if thc ofifi.oerlived at least one year after his marriage or if it can be shorvn bhat he w'as rn.&nifestly in good health at the date of his mnn'iage 'Ihe amount of pension is dependent, not, only upon the rank of the offi.cer, but also upon the cause of his death. A widow of a man kitrled in action or suffering a violent death due directly to r,/Ar se'ryice or killcd in flying service may bc paid not only thc largcst pcnsron, tiut also a gratuity ri,mounting to from one to four times thc orciinar-,' wiclow's pension for a year. Legitimate children of offi.cers are eligitrle for pensions at rates varying with the rank and cause of death of the father. Such pcn- sioirs are payable to a daughter until she is 27, or marries, ancl to a son until he is 18, or ultil he is 2l tf he is an apprentice at, nomin:rl wages, or is attending a teciurical school, sccondary school, or uni- versity. Chilciren in distressed circumstances who are incapable bccause of mental or physical infirmity of making adcquate exertion for their own support rnay receivc pcnsions bc-.yond thc orclinary age lirnit. llhe infirrnity must have bcgun in tht: officer's lifctirne and before the child reached the age when pensions ordinarily cease. Children lvhose fattrrers were killed in action, or in flyilig service, or suffered violent death clue wholly to w'ar service may receive, in addition to thc pension, a gratuity in arnount, one-third of the sirnilar graiuity payable to the wiclorv. Each ciriid orrer the age of g may receive, in addition to aII pensions and gratuities arl annual education allowance of s35 ($170.33) as long as the minister of pensions is satisfiecl with the charact+r cf education he is reiceiving. I'{otherlc,ss children receive pensions at, a somewhat highcr rate, f,40 ($i94.66) for one child, and €35 ($170.33) for each subscquent child, if trvc or more are living together. In addition, notherless children are eligible for education allowance, and also for gratuity if their fathers have trecn killed in action or in flying servicc. A motherless child of a seconcl lieutenant who had met his dcath under these circumstanccs would thus be eligible for pension at,f,40 ($194.66) u year, ec{ucation allo'wance of f35 ($170.33), and gratuity of f,33 6s. 8cl. (ffitOz.zz1. The first year after thc father's death the Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPIINDEN]]S. 135 income would bc S10E 6s. 8d. ($SZZ.21),and in subsequcnt y('ai.s f 75 ($364.ee). Instead of rcccivilg a prlnsion at thc risual ratrs for hc,rself and her childrcn, a rvidorr" inay choosc prewar incorne as a basis. If shc ca1 pro\ro thab her pt'ttsions atrd hcr t,hildrcn's are less tlian onr:-half of her hu.gbnncl'sprc,\\rar earnings up to €300 ($1,45g.95) plr;s one- fourth of prcwar oarnings betwee,n f 300 (, i,4bg.gb) and f 600 ($2,919.9C), she nray be paid a sunr eiqnal to one-half of prowrrr earnings up to a nraxirnurn of f 4f)0 ($2,t89.fi5). IIer pcnsion unclsr" this plan n'ould thus bc a,t thc most f,225 (. 1,094.97). ;\n oflfrcer'swido\t'not cligible for pcnsion under ordinary circrun- stances lnaY he grantcd an arnount not lcss than olle nor more thrirr thr"cr, )o&rs' prr/ of the dcccasccl providing tire ofiicer died rvirile in fuli pay or during the rvar aftcr rcmoval from full pay bccause of tllr injury or disc'asor,vhich causecl his dc,aih. A rvidow of an officcL.orr rc,tircclpay of not lcss than 970 ($340.66) at ttie time of his cltrtir, 'liii if his clcath docs not entitlc her to pen.siorr,nl.r-I,y, ncvcrthele:r.r, paid a pcnsion in ainount not more than ole-half thr clcceasecicili- cer's rctirccl pay, brit in uo casernore than tlre si:nr pn1'alrloto a widurv of a nran rvhose dcath was caused by illness clnr-rto thc u,"ar. I{ a deceased officer has left daughters only and no widow, tir, daugirters nrey receive the pension payablc to rvidorvs under: tLrir warrant in force ircfore the nerv regulations came inro cffeci.l Tlit; pension may be paid in lieu of the ortlinarv childrcn's pcnsioms, rinrl continues until the last surviving daughter is disquaiified by man:iag;c" A parent or parents of an officcr rna}r receivc pcnsions irs i.lie. ministcr of pensions may decide, taliing into considcration irj.cl--:r.,.'. depcnclcncc, agc, infirntity, and pecuni:iry need. Sisters anci bi,ctlr- ers, rvholly or partially clependent on an officer, D1,aybc pensir,;r,,i1 at thc same rates and up to the same ages as chilclren of thc o{iir,1'1.. If sisters and brothers are not eligible for pension undcr ordinnr'-," rulcs a gratuitv of onc-half the sum of the widow's lreinsiorr illir-ri" nevertheloss bc grantcd them. Although pcn.sions to wivcs ancl children are grantcd irrc'spective of nccd, pensions to all other dc- pcnclcnts are contingent on need havirrg been provcd. Pensions to all fc'maLc dcpenclents cease on marriagc or rc.marriage. If tho wiclow of an oflicer remarries, and beconres again a widow, her p(,n- sion may bc restored if her pecuniary circumstances justify the rcstciration, and if shc is otherwise eligiblc for the pension. I I'on;rion putrtl,le anntrally to u-idotv of olllcers: Fieltl nrarsh:il or gencral ofliccr (inclurliug brigr'dier general, f 120($5&3.98); colonel, €100 ($486.65);lieutenanl, colonel, f 90 ($137.99);major, f 70 ($&10.66);major, merlical corps, €90 (M37.99); captain, lieutenant, socond lioutenant, €b0 ($%3.83). Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University OF 136 GOVERNMEI{TAL PBOVISIONS FOR MEMBERS r4 .' i KgR€F€K9RERSR8R$R€RtRq',E12c'l ?,4 l -r\ : i 6 161 i 5 lc+lu.rrjr_/ 5 r E d d 5.5 5 5 5 5i?;i EEs i ts r4 l< I i€ErtEE ; l.-r -. ll aei ;E *, E : ,c E CB l>i ; i; iaie is:s ci is'g E I i-J I. tsiu- is',Qiauu Ee i '€,E nJ h p :-'i:i :-; :-'i:-'i, tol :d :d ili :g ig i" nr." Afl 5 t ci tqrl ca l> | t- | d ll i-i-i- i-l!!x E i"i" i" i" i- a H -.'i" E;; E *3. 6 |.l - l}>l E g; :e - ca Ea$sH;'freNsEsEs-s,8t33i:a*ei;;.i i A lE le*-a-q a Itrl q aB siA:? pi a i ae s a [E; E d Itrl ; F i< |-Fb:6EEF.neessr-,-,-,-,-,lEEi EE \; l*-r- *l f; ; II i+ : i; tbl iais is iqiiE; ?A E :* a q t6 | :8 !, tg I isi3i6i6irisiSiaiii!illslilEE3fl f o- .a lP I I a II I i i i i i I i i I q IF1AEn E; ; ;* E a E€ @ a :;n:3;9;i::;3=::::iT:ilEEeE3 ;3 E E-T%a laq'=Egt^eis'.eiA5'i8C3*3=!*5,!i?! o_ ."r;5;:- 'q 3; ;:s'4 :I \J\) 1.? ri i'+l' c"=-'g {: E€e;ea f e 4 L9l -i r: s .lC . TI k rF1 €e*€E NI FI ea l*gt € ?€ \3 OF)h ala g oa F> 3 lc'**a*EuF'H q q ol a t i s s lsg f;rii i€ Filk ; 0) \) O+ Ei i g c€ o d bpl e d i h io €l h 5 r _.,|tr1CE€AEnH ,6 | :l o- \iq a 9l d sa*3s3s3a3eeFe*eFaFq*qirql EEE€6Fi Eg Dc: q l-. Hl q'| 33 3 3ii?; :q 33 .3 33 3 € h |>,.19 EEEEilli!":rAoQ EE.-g @' iaia ia ia la in in in in ie lnl:lE EggEEE€ 63 ! \J =d tl :]6 o g€ a@ @ i i3i3 :3 i3 io i3 i3 i3 i3 i3 isl;iE ;AffE*E q iH ;z'H*6FH33 a 6 F t I i i i i i : i i i i iE=; c4 d .J . ;"'E:EE:'I"EEE fi€ h geeaes?egeReEssa=ssseQii:EqElEE;*: q -rq r@ I eK o q) @l g $ P P E e s trEE*?iE:r::;€! q a ln n t 5 - e e e e e *l:rBl:€Eo.;P-E 6) ?=i F I o e s e ;: j :f i lEgg: rE a,E u€n EE j -i ? h I isin io io iq is ia ia lq iq iqI,s:EE*EseF;E ir EZ t* I*. It::::: iuis is iu io ig ie in i'i'iulge:glge:gflg fri ;a o Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library' GeorgetownUniversity MILITARY FORCES AND TITEIR DEPENDENI]S. 137 AUSTRALIA. SEPARATIONALI,O\MANCES. Separation allowances for rvives and farnilies of mcn from Australia are on two bases, dcperrdent orr tr'hetlier the marl $,.i1sa British Army reservist or a melnlrtr cf the Austraiian imperial forces. Tho rates for British Army reservists do not include allotments from pay which must, be made at ihe rate required of soldiers in Great Britnin.l No special arrangements are made for separation allowances to depcndents otiier than wives and chilclren, but the rates fixed. for wives and childretl are the inaxima for other dc't-rend.e'nts.A mernhcr of the Australian imperial forces is compellc',l by an ordcr of the governol general in council to allot, t,o his fandly a portion of his pay., The minimum is two-fifths of daiiy raf,e of pay (exctrusive of cleferued pay) for the rvife, three-fifths of dailrr rate for a rvife and one or more children, and one-fifth for an ille.gitimate child. The man may allot more if he chooses. If the man's total pay is less than 10s. ($2.a3) a day, a separation allowance also is payable. For a rvife this is 1s. 5d. ($0.34), and for each child 4+d. (9 cents) a dar'. Separation allolvance may bc paid if the wife is maintained under court order. If tlie man makes the required allotment from pay, arl unmarried wife also may receive the separation allowance. Ilesides sons and daughters, adopted children, children of a widon'ecl sister totally depend.ent on the member, brothers and sisters under 16, or children of a separated rvife, are eligible {or separation allovn'- ance. Allotments of pay must be made for these children before they are eligible for allowance. Allowances are continued for all childreu until they reach the age of 16 years. A mother, widou'ed sister, and invalid father rvhosc wife is dead, provided they are not in receipt of invalid, old-age, or war pensiotts, it th.y \\'ere previously dependent on the soldier may also be granted separation allorvances at the rate fixed for a rvife. I{o separatiorr allowances are payable to wife. child, or other dependent if the man's pav is 10s. ($2.43)or over a dtry; arld the maxi- mum of separation allo\vance and of member's pay is fixed at, 10s. ($2.43). Separation allowances and allotments from pay are continuecl if the man becomes a prisoner of lvar. In case of the death of a member of the imperial forces, separation allowances and allotments of pay continue for t\l'o months from the date of notification of death or until a \^/ar peusion is payablc, rvhich- ever dat,e is thc earlier. ': t Seep. 116. Apparently this order includes also commissioned officers- Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 138 GovERNMENTAL PRovrsroNs FoR MEMBERS oF Scrrnnur,n 40.-Austrnlia. Atrstralian imperialforces clit;itled into classeson tlt'ebasis of dazly puy ntbsequ.ent to embarbat'iott,. OlassI. Puy, includingcleferrecl pay,6s. ($1.46)adu'. Ilcferrecl pa-,r,ls. (34 cents). ,!cting bomiiilrclier. Bugler. .Llnce cor'1torir,l. I)rurnmer. Gtlntrc,r. Cook. Sairper. Bir+'man. Pri."'ate. Strelclier bearer. Randsman. Cieaner and wagonman, mecha,nieal Collar maker. transport. .Sadcl1er. Artificer. trVhceler. Storemanof lreadqualters. Tnlrilpeter. I[,-r,chine-guncompany. ClassiI. P"y, including deferred pay, 7s. ($1.70)a day. Deferred pav, 1s. (24 cents). Shoeing smith antl clriver (including drivers cf ntt.,tor vehiclcs other than motor- cy'cles ancl those speci{'rcdin Class III). Class III. Pay, incluciing defelrecl pay, Bs. ($1.9a; a d:.ry. Defenecl plv, 1s. (24 cents). Xlechanicai transport : \\'orl:shop fitter. 1'urner. Bla.cksmith. \"iireeler. Electriciur. I)rivr:r in rnotor transport rtnits and of all motor lorries. tr[ccharic (flying unit ancl A. ]I. (r. motor lorries). Class I\-. Pa1', incluiling deferrccl pay, 9s. ($Z.fS) a Ci-ti.. 1)eferred pay', 1s. 6d. (36 cents). Second corporal bombirrdier. Class Y. Pay, including deferred pay, 10s. ($2.a3) a day. Corlioral. Arinorcr Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND f}TEIlt DEPENDENTS' 139 Deferred 2s' (49 ClassVIII. Pay, including deferred pay, 12s' ($2.92) a day. PaY, cents). Staff sergeant rnajor. Coior sergeant. sergcant. SclriaclronsergeanL rnajor. Staff staff sergeant. Batteri' sergeant nrajor. Armorer cook. Troorr sergeant major. Sergeanl, staf', sergeant. Corniran;' sergeant nrajor' \\'hoclci' sla{I slr*cr.lti . Fat'ricr quar{ t-'t'nlL.Ior $erf"eant. lfarrier rrnit)' Saddlcr staff sertlcattt. Qnarterrnasber selqeant (ilying ($3.16) I)eferred 2s.6d' (61 Cla-.sL'I. Pay, including deferred tralr' 13-s' a day. 1ra\" cenr,s). Rrigade or regimental sergeantnralot' Qu at'termaster set'geant. Armament artificer. Foreman artilicer (mechanical transport)' I,'orenan mechanic (flying unit). Warrant o{iicer. Staff quartermaster sergeant' I)eferred pay, 2s' 6d' (6r cla^ssx. Pay, inciucling deferredpa1,. las. ($3.41)a da1'. cents). i:talf sergeant (v'-ireless). ClassXi. Ad;utant anclquariermaster, according to rank' a dai'. Deferred 3s' cla^ssxII. Fay, incluairg aeterred pay, 17s.6cl, ($4.26) 1'a'v, (73cents). Lieutcnant. Seconcllieutenant. Deferredpa-v'3s' ClassXIIr. Puy, including deferred|ay' €1 2s' 6d' ($5'47)ada1" 6d. (85cents). Ceptain. ($7.301 clal'' Deferretl 5s' Classfl\t.Pa-v, including deferredpay,91 lOs. a 1:a-Y' ($1.22). Major. rlay' I)efeneclpay' 7s' ClassXY. Pay, including deferredpay, 11 17s.6. ($9.12)a 6d. ($1.82). Lientenant colonel. day' Dcierred pay' 8s' ClassXVI. Pay, incllding deferred pay, &2 5s. ($11.07)a ($1.e5). Colonel. Brigadier general. ClassXVII. I'a:', f.3 5s. 9.4d. ($16)a day' Ifajor general. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University UA (iOVHRN}II'NTAI, PIiOYISIOI\JS FoR I,IE}IBERS oF -\cHEDULE4r *-'tt/Jtr"""' anrtctiitrircn cvf mernbts of ,f,:r.Ii:!if#o:1""n1f;,;i:,{rr;;t:cs outside of parentheses pounds, [Amounts are in sltilliues, and pence;arn.)unts inside of paretrthe-sc_s619 in drillars.l ('llss 2. lJereficiir,rics. .t,orrit ,r,,t,ri. itr-ectiir-j11-e.trtvj it\-r,otrt'i1-e.Lt,| jl()i lallrtrlr iti :,01rx;;i- ] __ x tno;tl ;;l1;;: I I lr,,1n I r,ril ili- i : fr ,rir i t iurr :ri- i- . i iowrrrr('e.'\\-oclil..'. l\nr:rr,,!tr.. I I'"1 .\nrrurilil-.1 ;..i:: j tt',,.1,t,. i__l___i,ttr If,,":.iti:". t- - lr{.q,l.ilu, a. \Yiiconly. ...-l le, lf,s.,i.jc*.,rlr.. r.i ot,l^q-.loglt if q-tl^.i_....,.,..,.-lo iitlrii o o-rrlr c a.,,i, \\'jrcnndlc,r'd--..I' l:i]'i jj';',1'l?) lil?:Yll ' ;'illi n,i'i1lii ,,l :llU.:':::.::i rl.ircandz*r,drcn.lI r "{' i:ilii "il l:ll i:] ::',-='::',1,i-1,:]l.,i: i:li , f,:i:fl ll;: i:l \\'jrcend3chirdren..jr . 'l';i'i t"i: ,l'i!' 1i:1.1'lli, ["]:'ll o,l''lo] , i]'i,l'l (l,n'il'liloi?ldl..1:ly.il \\-ireantr+crr'dren,.lr ' ,ilil]i ,- l'l') --i;ii.11ll.illl r' ;';'l; ,- ,!'',i'''i,' i:i,:littl rio.osi !iil.l?l Eac.rriregitimuro {s. j r+.s;)l iiit ii; irii in.ijtl iir. iirt r-,,,-,-.zoj chjtrl-...-.-.-....--lo| 7 g io z i;!o 9 ii .-:.:..:..10" s +.so- z 7.i 011" ^iz'oiri 0.3...__.-..."iiru'ioj tz's4) rtzi'68ji iz'04), J_to'o4ri it+;1 :--- l--- ";-, :: rienenciaries.iffi-- i r,*r;l *"*J *;* i'nllolrnellt sgl)rra- i------___ jallolmeirtt#il sepa,r,r'li 'lfl*f we*rr.Annuarryl ,:Si'"Xi.l;;,, ,r,,,,,,,rry. I jf. I il-- \\-irc,rnry..lf'$,i;zt\ri..l f I l,:r...,.lt t 3 if t g lt t g \\'jrecn Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University . \,IILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPEI{DENTS. 141 ScnBnur,n 42.- Austrtilia. Separafiort ullowutr,cesfor u'ires uttd chiklrrn rf Bril'i,slt^ltrtr1l t'eseru'ists.L pa;'- famiJl'riiot'it'rte [Sourco:li.egrrlatiorrs for the issueof -il$rr:*"8,?:Ti:1"3]:Xryi:,uSllotmouts of and insideoi pArerrli]e-ctrs:rr'€' [-\nrr;urr1,strrrt.ride of prtrenthesesare in pounds,shilli;T::_,utdn."... ,\noutrts l--- t\- I]eueiitinries. I t,l,rr... 20 and 19.2 crass1o! l___ |--;;-;'; l-tr t rrreexty.la.nnualty. .l Weeklv. l\reekly. -\tmually. il lemualtl-.1 :-- l€s.d.l Is.r.d. l l€s.d. l rf0 I 11I I r,1r q I 0itill lf 12.+t t | (rzr.'tzt i iz.irl' i 1uz.r;x;j ri. rr,- (21;J.;:) if0rl 11| 1016 E | 1 lll il (3.ti3r | (1s8.76)I tr.os; I (zto.6oti (5.33r (277.iti) itols 5l I r o 2l I I 5 5 \ ({.48)| (232.eri) (255.32) r (321.36) {t o 5l | {n.Br),I I fu.}u)o i\ (4.e7) I (258.1r) (280.28) (3{ti.8{) lf 1 2 5l I fr.ir,, I lo.3t,, (2. (372.32) ii (b.45)I (283.40)I ir. sat I (805.70)i ui) II ti t For allotments from pey seep. 116. Eachsubsequent chiid, irrespectiveof ranli of lather.2s. 149 cents,) a weeli. Eachmotherless child, 5s.(1.22) a week' DISABILITY PENSIONS. Payments to a, tlisabled man in Australia vary with his rank and with the extent of disability. Pensions are payable at the same rato to reservists called for active service who were at' the corrmencement of the wa,r bona fide residents of Australia as to members of the impc- rial forces. Wives, includ.ing unmarried wives, and children up to the age of 16 are pensioned. Illegitimate children and grandchildren are inclucted as chil Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University L42 GOVERNME}ITAL PROVISIONS FOR, MEMBERS OF at 30 per cent or less. fn assessing pensions, &trY otlrer pension (undcr imperitr,I or under State act) to rrhich a member of the forccs or liis dependent is errtitled by roason of his incapacity resulting fror:n the war shall be taken into account. Scnanur,,l 4:\.--.Lustrali,u,'Cutegory of disabtlitics. l'{aximnm rate: Lossof both legs. Lossof both fect. J,ossof both airns. Losscf both hands. f,oss of arm anci ieg. Loss of hancl ancl foot. Lossof boih cyes. Loss of one e-ve,together u'ith lossof leg, foot, hand' or arm. Nfaxingm rate for six months, therea{ter three-fourths of the rnaximum rate: f,ol'.sof leg or foct. Lossof hand or arm. Ilali the maximr-rmlate: Lossof one eye. A leg, foot, hancl,arm, or eye shall be deemedto be lostif itis rendered permanently ancl ri'holiy useless. Scnpour,l; 41.-Ar rctralia. P en'sionsi'or disabili'ty. [sorrrce:Acts of the i'arliamentof the 1e16,p. 131(War Pensions Act,re74' ""Tff3:#:?:r[Slii:.'i:i"lia, insido parentheses aro itt fAmounts outsids of parontheses aro in pounds, and pence; amounts of t]lr}i5li Amounts of Amounts of I pension palrable ttpon pension payable,upon P"ato of I - Rato of nav ofthe I toLalincapacity. pav of the total rncapacrly. ri-reinbersof i iemhers of l ire inrces the forces per per dii.tr. Fort- Annuaily" day. Fort- mghtISr. nightly. E s. d.. €s.d. Es.d. Ss.d. 0 60 3 00 0130 3140 (1.16) (14.59) (37e.34) (3. 16) (18.00) (468.00) 0 70 3 20 0176 4 00 (1. 70) (15.0r) (3e2.08) (1.26) (1e.46) (505.e6) 0 90 3 60 L 26 4 50 (2. 13) (16.05) (417.30) (5. 47) (20.68) (537.68) 01{}0 3 80 1100 4150 (2. +,3) (16.54) (430.04) (7.30) (23.11) (600.86) 0106 3 90 1176 5 50 (2. iri) (16.78) (436.28) (e.1,2) (25.54) (664.04) 011 6 311 0 2 50 515rJ (2. r0) (r7.27) (41e.02) (10.95) (27.ei) (727.22) 0120 3120 2100 6 00 (2.92) (17.5i) (455.20) (1?.lri) (2e.le) ( 758.94) and uplvard A man so disabled as to need the constant attendance of another person' mal/ re- in adrlition to his disabilitv p"o.io"- ii ($+.gi) p". fott"ighf if he is u'nmairied or""io'e if his wife is dead or a permanelt invalid, iri case lie has nof himself the means to Dav' an attendant. the wife of a disabled man receives in addition one-half of the a,mount payable to the disabled man. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. 143 Children of a totally i19apg,9il1teclmember of the forces receive, fortnightly pensions as follows: First childr-20s.-($4.87)per fortnight (S126.53a vear); .oco?.Olhild, lt;. ($3.65).p.er.fortnight ($94.90 a yeai); third ind subsequent chilclren, t0s. iSZ.+Cj fortuightlv (g{;3.26a r-ear). , Oth-el ciependentsinay'receive such sums as the commissionerof pensions or his as$css. ln thc aggresate,thcy mry not excced the rnr.orrnl,of pension p:rvirble!:!ltlt T,"v to-1neurdow on thc PENSTONSTo DEPENDENTSOF rN CONSEQUBNCE T/"AT."".EASED Wives and unmaruied wives $rho \,vere r..'holly or partly suppolteri brr the dcceased are elieible for pensiorls upon tiie clc:rth of a nrcmJrt,r of the forces. Pensions at the same rates are pilJr:rb,leto xlcipenticnt:i of men of the inrperial foroes arld to reservists residout in .A.ustr*jir at the comrneilcement of hostilitics. Tlre rates r'ary rvith the prrv of the decease,d. ChiJdren, Iegitimate ancl illegitimate (providing the illegitimn.ic chiltl is born before the occurucrrco of the eveut resuiting iir tiie men's death, or within nine months after that event) are eligibio for"pcnsion, as are also grarrtlchildren and illeeitirnate gr.andchilifu'.,n if thcy were dependent upon the sotrtlicr u'ilhin 12 months rrr.igr to his calistment. Orphan chiltlrcn are grantecl a largcr pcl*ii,t thrri those whose mothers are living. Payments to cliiJdri,n ortli:::lr:r1.1, ce.rseu,'hen the child is 16 ycals of age, or two years afier tlie {rulg of the commencement of pc,nsicn, v'hichever is later. A chiful rif 16 unablo to earn a living ma)- be grarted a pension by tho com- missioner, in amount not exoeetling the rvido$"'s rate of plnsion. other mcrnber"rsof the deceascd man's famiSy, dcpenderrt ou iris earnings a{, any tinre rvithin 12 rnonths prior to }ris eriiistnterit ptirerlts rvho, though not dependent on thc nrarl prior to liis {eat[, becone subsequentiy without adequate m.oensof support" a;ul ilie- gitirnt-r,teparents or grandparents-also may be awarricC a pr,nsigii. fn tne aggregof,esuch pensions to dcpendents mrrst uot excci,{l-tlrc widow's pension pins €2 ($O.Ze; a fortnight. fn fixing perisions tirc conrnrissioner must trrke into account, any other p**1orr* (undr,r lmperial or undcr State act) to n'hich the cleperidents of tiro <1g-. oeascclman are entitled by reason of his death in connection with the wal'. Pensions _ payable to lridow, mother, and fernale depenclents rrili be continued for two years onl:' beyond the date of tleir maniago or remarriage. AJI payments are made fortnightly. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 144 GOVERNMENTAI- PROYISIONS }'OR MEMBERS OF 'men dtceused in conseryLerLcec.i ScHnrrur,n 4b -Austrulia. f'rrtsiorts to depttttle'rLtsof 1L'Qr. 1e16,p. 131. \Ira,r Pcnsions'irci, [sourcc:,\ets of ure Parrianent of rirc,arl3fi?t]i.r1f_l.,llu,],#r'd, potintls,t]l\"Jri:i artrlpencc; an()unts jnsjde cf ptlrenlhesesrrc itr [rtmounl,s<.rut-siclc 0f p..Lit'nthcscs are irt * r'ltuwrh,t*,"1'no' I r'lrl 'XJil,l[il''' lj!'l;:ll,u "' i ",ii\l;if I i I -' iI tlr.rni.rrr-llo lncrn- j lite ''.:'nrt'tlt- - I t | _,_-,_- | ..,'r()l :" i lir.rlri'ttt*rl bcr of the t ' iht'rt'Itiri:li n('r r ilu I i I I i,,rccs.iurccs.r I.t,rr- r,,,,,r,,rrr..'""""'1,,r.,,... nigrtlrY.i rr rr :,,r:'. | jI ,''ts""r'1-\nnuarrv. I I I "illll\1.iI ilI i ",;tl\i.",lilli l--.il"l--.___ i i",,,^l;;;;l-(252 e8)iit r;,,lr i.,,;l | :,'?',:1i,i,, :l (271e'{i)ii ,l:,il .'i ilil.' I :i::l:, I .:o:l. i iilq:..,I il uI {ll{,],I iil ll, I ,t"lt'.l;r?'', <'uuo"ii "'il"tf:til. L('ii,'),ri ,("iit'oI t't''"'u, ii ,y:i: t i i::*lli :::::,,, ;:;i*;t it, itl{:], ffi::; in;;;I lu llano I,i;{1,.| "rz.0'12 0- 217 3l ll I'P-l i | gzl lr:. orl (i62.lq) ll tt'rrrl' |o'13 or 2 tg oi I '17' : (370.22r I (s.ict ( l'l. lt sameamount as the widow' The rnidowed mother of an unmarried son ilcceivesthe p"yrr,i"-"t-ih* iottott'ingrate: First cbild,20s' (4'E7)a To each child pensi;;;;; a third a'd fort^isht(t26.b3 r t;;D;';;;"i-ii'tt;i 1ts" rs.ar1a foiinisnt,(e4'e0vear); i-%'"Jfiiii$3,"t.;ttf.f;iJ,p.urs,.,tr^a.," deadis as "*"i'T"u.i,qhiil",ti']$;itJ;,!k$l to 14 oi Child up to 10years of age,ZO.."tj.S;i per fortniglrt;ihild 10 Ye*ars f,llo*-s: asc, pcr fortnigl,t, *"1'.i;;;; t;; ia.-oolp^;r;";i"isrr;i"niiil'+ to 16yeerd of -30s.i7.31) oin'*rd6fcnde;'il-;f-ih;deccesed, pensions ''U" in tlrc agqreg^ale-liteyn"rust:rot l%f:1"!trtll?,flllil';i;::: of p"n.ion. ol I'ris dcputy; one dependentmaY ;i"""';;r:;br6-i" tr'""*id;'",^i;f;.-?)-ig.i3i p*t fortnight' No ili,"ii"t *m greaterthan lhe rvid..lt-'spensiott' NtrW ZEAIAND. SEPARATIONAILOWANCES. allowanc'e For British Army reservists special rtrtes of separation are approximatelv are fi"xerl; these are exciusive of ullott.,l pnF,t und the rates f;xed for reservists resident' in other colorries' allotrnent for ltor the l{ew zealantlcontingent a fl:rt rate of required (49 cents) a dav' famiiies was fixed in Novembei, tgt+. TlLis *ras 2s. (24 celts) a day, could In ca,seof need the cleferreclpa;'of the mAn, 1s. of the family woulci be added to the allotment.'- Tire $'eekly income allowance thus be 2ls. ($s.t 1) per u'eek. No provision for separation the point is u,as made at, the'iime, and 'o lu,t"t information on available. rate as 1,hosefixecl for soldiers in ilreat Britrrin' ;^;^,--^,,*;",,r"r Required allotments ;;;from pay.;;";" are at*;; the same Sec p. J.16. ($1'22) a day' z The total pay of a nrivate sol Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FOR.CES AND TITEIR DEPENDENTS. I,15 Scnnour'e 46.-Neu Zealo'nd.. Separati,onallowances for uri,uesand childrert,o.f Brit,ish Army reseruists. '[Data from Ttegulations for the fssue of Armv Se a,i"'e-biiii"i?[Ji;i.?;;rv;;p.dl;;;a"F:,ilp.'ll:l,iin_-il"ffii:sti'i?t#,?],,';{u*1{,3st,'x?TJir"*'&y. ' and Mcu of the ovcrseacontihgent;'aod i[.ir Ddil;.it,,i;;';:'i.j' [Amounts outsideoI parentheses arc iu shillings and pence. :tmounts insideof parenthesesare in dollars.] Classes20 an([ 1g.r Allowance Beneflciaries. payabie- An- nually. ,s. d. Wifo... 9l (2.2i) (118.01) \Yife and 1 child__.. - 744 (3.4e) (181.48) Wife and 2 children-. 17 10 (1. 34) (225.68) \.Vifeand 3 children.- _ 19 r0 'Wife (1. 82) (250. rj.1) and 4 chilrlrcn.. 2L 10 (5.31) (276.t2) t For classificatjon of rank seep. ll9. Each additionalchild ir-resgg1t]yeof rank of father 2s. (a9 cents). Eaeh motherlessclrild. Ss.1f .ZZ). pENSroNSFoRSf.tr&"K?t J\$rsde\:fl"ir#H."rNrsoFMEN The same ltrw fixes the amounts and clefines the beneficiaries for both disability pension and.pensions to dependents of men deceasedi1 consequence of $,&r. Beneficiaries rrray be a wife narriecl before the man,s cleath or disablcment, or a $roman m&rlied within 12 months after the clate of t'he lrran's disclurrge. In the latter case ther.e rnust have existed a bindirrg c{r1f1n.tr to nrarry before tire man left New zetland, or the wolnau must have borne a child to thc rrember. of tire for.ces, not only before the marrjngu but before the date of the departure of tlre man fi'om ldera' Zealrnci or vtttrin 10 months after Li, d*porture.r Tire child must have been living at tire date of marriage. chilciren, including sons, daughters, stepsons, stepclaughters, iilegitimate children or children legaliy adopted before ihe rnember joined theforces. are-eligiblefor pension to ih. ng.of 16, and at the disc'etio' of tlie author.ities may receive it up to ihe age of 12. For infirm chilciron the pension rna.r,be continueci. A clcpendeirt, other than wife, or child may be a father, mother, stepfatlier, st,cpmother, grandfather, gr".rd-other, grandchild, brotlier, sister', half brother, half sister, or m,other-in-la#. tr*..pi in the case of wife or child, a dependent must have been supporte,l 10735_17_10 Provided by the Maternal and Child Heatth Library, Georgetown University O}' 146 GOVERNME}TTAL PROVISIO}TS FOR, }IENIBERS wholtr-1ror partly by tire man during the 12_months immediately joining forces. If wife or children are pr."*,ling-to ftt. *"*bur's thc more than fntitled perl*ion, other depeniients may not' receive wife or three-fourths of the amount payable to a wife. If there is no to a wife, child, any other dependent rnay receive the fuli amount due but, not, *o.u than the amount, of the prewal' dependence. at Parents of a deceased member of the forces may be pensioned without arly time regardless of pl"ewal' dependence, if they ,are be less than 50 adlquate -.urr* of support.^llss The mother can not' and the father not than 55. A widowed mother, solel;' dependent for support on the deceased memLrer of the forces receives pension to a wife. In this u i"'*ion of r.rot iess than the -payable case the rule setting the maximum for dependents is waived' his In determining pJnrion payable to a member of the forces or to from other wife or rvidow, ,r-o-u""oont i*- taken of property or income sources. But pensions to other dependents take into consideration recerpt property and income from all sources. If any dependent is in of a rvar allowance from any other source, t'he pension is proportion- ately decreased. or Disability pensions date from the termination of appointmcnt members the date of discharge, pensions to dependents of deceased from the date of death or date reported missing' Applications for disability p".t.io,.* must be made within 6 months appli' of tt . aute of the determinu,iiott of appointment or the discharge; must cations by the dependents of a deceased member of the forces The rvife be made ivithin 6 months after the notification of a death. death ancl children may rcceive a pension payable on report of thc of the of a member of the forces occurrittg ul any time within 7 years receipt of any wound or injury or the commencement, of disease' in A rvidow on remarriage lore* her pension, but she may be granted lump sum or allctments a gratuity equtt t-g 2 yeats' pension' office Pensions are payable in monthly installments at the post nearest to the residence of the pensioner' scnntur,n 47.-NewZealand. classif'cationof ranksfor pensionpurposes'r Class1: Classl-Continued. Private. Driver. Bombardier. Sapper. Lance eorPoral. Trumpeter. Trooper. Bugler. ratings' Gunner. Able seaman,and equivalent allowanco, see Great Britain, CIas' I For classifi.cation of ranks of British Army resorvists for separation " sification ofrank for separation allowancqs"' p. 119' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University }IILIT'.A.RY FORCES AND T}IEIB. DEPENDIINTS' L+7 Class2: Corporal. (if lance corporal, gllnnert Fatrier. Shoeing smith, satldler, or fitter bombardier, or private). Lance sergeatrt (not paid as such). Leacling seanan and equivalent ratings' Class3: Clt-rss3-Continued. I Saddler sergeant' Sergeant. l. Farrier corporal. Lrmorer sergeant. Shoeingsmith corporal. Sergeantlltter. Saddlercorporal.. Lance sergeant(paid as such). Corporal fitter. Petty olTrcerand equivalent ratings. Farrier sergeant. Class4: Squaclron,battery, or company sergeantmajor. Quartermastersergeant. Color sergeant. Staff sergeant. Pay clerk. Chief petty olficer and equivalent ratings. Class5: Regimental sergeantmajor. Regimental quartermastersergeant. Warrant officer and eqnivalent ranks (Naoy). Class6: Secondlieutenant (Army). Conmissioned rvarrant officer and equivalent ranks. Sublieutenant and equivaicnt rank (Navy). Class7: Captain (Army). Lieutenant under cight years' seniority, and equivalent ranks (Navy). Class8: I[ajor (Army). Lieutenant of eight years' seniority, and equivalent ranks (Navy). Class9: Lieutenant colonel. Captain under three years' seniority, and equivalent ranks (Navy). Class10: Colonel. Captain of three -vears'seniority and equivalent ranks (Navy). Comrnanderand equivalent ranks (Navy). Class1I: Brigadier general. Major general. Commodores,first and secondclass. Rear admirals and other equivalent ranks. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 148 GOVERNMEI{TAL PROVISIONS FOR, MEMBERS OF Scnnou1n 43.-ly'ciu Zeulund. I'ensionsfor dtsaltlednten and tlt't:irdependents.t fromstatutes of Neu'r."rtdir1,;t;tl?i.r"1ll ^*""ued statrrtesof Nev'zealand, [I)trta iiSli:#]iiil.iii parenthesis are in pou:rds, shillings, and [.\mounts insicle of parenthesis are il dollars' u*ffi:.,tside of l?.r,.ion pu1'"bleto the Rank of man. E s.d. € s.d. ( :..1. 1 15 0 0126 (8.51 ) (412.52) (3.01) (94.64 ) ('lii*', l. 1 15 0 0130 (e4.64) (s.51) (112.52) (3.16) C lrl: s i:i 1r50 01:1 6 (8.51) (112.52) (3.2E) (91.64) Cluss .1 1150 0 11 6 (R.51) (412.52) (3.53 ) (91.(j1) Cl:rss 5 - I 150 0150 (tt.51) (442.52) (3.65) (9,1.64) (lxr.: {i . 1176 0176 (9.12) (171.21) (4.26) (91.64 ) (lla:s 2 00 100 7 - (i4.64 (9.73) (505.96) (1.87) ( ) S. 2 70 136 CLi*s ( ( 11.43) (5.72) 94.61) 2160 I 80 Class 9 - (s.1.6{) ( l3.ri2) i (708.2+) (6.81) Class 1i,\. 2 t8 0 190 (7.05) (94.64) Clcss 11 1100 (7.30) (e4.6.1) i Araountsstated aro granteil f,.rr total disabilitl'; for p?tiol disability,the ratesare arrangedby tbe \\:ar PensionBoard subject to the appro\-alof the Milj'ster oI Defonse. Iror a man totallv disabled 10s. ($2.43) a rveek, in adtlition to pension, may be prid if the servi<.esof an altenclant are inrlispenqable and the member has not mcans io pa,vlor attetrdent. jt itrere is no rvife, another dependent mav receir'e \\'ife's share up to the extent of pren'ar depenclence. Scrrnouln 49-_Neu.t Z cnland. Pensiorzsfor dependentsof men deeeasedin conseq'tence of u:ar. [)ata l'romStatutes of NervZerland, le 15, p.35,6 Gec-5, No. 16.1 parenthesestro in [-,lirounisoursitle ol palenthesesare in pounds,r]ll]i;*l and penco;amounts inside of I I Amouili payable to I the rvife' Rank of man. - Rank of lnan ,_---- l\Ieckll' .\nnualll'. I ls s. d. OiessT- --.--.--.--i 2 5 01 (:1i6.lri ) i (10.95) (560"10) ClassS. -.-"---...--l212 0' (;12s.fi.l) I (r2.65) i (657.s(i) Classg- 3 I o (311.6{) I (11.t4) (77t.{is) Ciassl0- -.-.--.---i 3 3 0r (3{j1j.00) I (15.32) (796.lil) Cla:isll .-_..__---.-r.3 5 0 (379.60) i (15.31) (s22. 12) (5C5.96) Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FOBCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS. 149 Each child, iffespective of rank of fether, 7s. 6d. ($1.t{2) a week. hlotherless childien, 10s. (S2.a3) a rveek. member rvas her Irlother receives th; ;'ii;'U olioi'otr"", if she is a v-idow and the sole support. pension' cr the If there \\'as no l.ife or chilcl, other dependents-ma)'receive wife's amoutrt.^^iliuniti*oi" of the pf('\f ilr UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA" ,fhe Union of South Africa has made provisioiis for pensicning the clepcndents of deceased men, but all info,:ma- 4isabled men and '11r- tion available seems to indicate that these provisions are ]ess plete than those of the other colonies of Great Britain. The nly available provisions for separation allolvanecs were those made for reservists. The rates, higher than those in Great, Britain, are excil-- t sive of allotment of soldier's pay and represent the maximums for all dependents. 1{o information as to required allotments or as to the siparation allowances for the South Africa contingent was ar-allablc. 1L 1!]16 the pi'ovisions for pensions for members of the defense force, oiher than the permanent force, we e extencled to inchrde all persons enlisted for active serll,ice during the present war. There is appnrently no gracied scale of disability. The maximum pension in ,,o*n of pet'uranont incapacity, total or partial, is fixed at €100 ($4g6.65) annually or 3 years' palr of rank. civil servants, eligible to disairlcment pensions as such may receive such pensio_nsin lieu of tire niilitary pension if ttris is more advantageous to,them.2 In case of the dea,th of a member of the force, his widow without regartl t,o rank is entitlecl to a pension of f'70 (. 340'66) a year' This ceases on remarriage. Sons ,rp to the age of 18, daughters up_to the age ot 2l or until man'iager are cligible for pension, as are also agcd or i11iirr-11palents or a female relative wholly deircndent on the deceascd at tl-rr:iti,nc of his death. Issue of pension to children, parents, ancl fr,male ciependents, but not to rvidows, is at the discretion of the Govcntmoitt. (-lreat : I.ire reqrrirtrCallotment is the same as for soldiers in llritain. See 1r.1Iii. by act No' 29 z Stirtutes of ilre Union oI Soul h Africa, 1912,p. 274, act No. 13 of 1912,sec. 113,as arllended o{ 1916(Statutes of Urr.ion of South Africa, 1916,p. 458). Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 150 GOYERNI\IENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF Scirnnur,a .;0.-(inion of South Afrira. Separationallouanccs to uires and children of Brittsh Army reseruists. lrom Rogurationsfor tho t""?.lj,lior1l3$?t of Payand Famil;r ,\llorvance lData *,1t"fr,?T?*:tgbT*ts [Arnormis outsido of parentheses are in shiliings and pence; amounts insido of parentheses are in dollars.] Class2o.i i aru*.,n., Class17.t Class16.t Class 15.t l_-- I Allowance pay- I Allowaneo pay- Allou'ance pay- Allon'alce pay- Ilenoflciaries. able I able -{.rmu- Annu- Annu- Weekl"v ally. Weeklr' ally. ally. s. d. ,9. A. r. d. s. (l 147 164 tl J (3.55)l (184.60)l (3.97)l (m6.M (5.25)(n3.$) (o.0) (287.56) 20 5l lt2 2l ,,7 x ({.97)l(258.11)l (5.3e)l (280.28 (6. 67) (346.84) (6.95 (361.40) rl(250.cil)26 31 128 0l 33 ,3 34 (6.10 (6./c :re\lai\l (332.23)l/tt, oa\l (6../A ErQr )l\l (35J.12/Qrl ro (8.09) (120.6S (135.24) 32 1l | 33 loi 39 1 (7.6c)l (405.60)l (8. 23 )l (n.s6 (e. 51) (LU.52) (50e.08) 36 el 138 6l 4:t I (c.'""-'t''--'t''-'ie{)l (4il.88)i (e.36)(486.72 (10.61) (568.36) trl 1 tr'or classiication ofrank seep. 119. Each subsequent chiltl, irrespective of rank of father, 4s. 8d. ($1.14)a'week. Each motherlesschild, irrespective of rank of father, 5s. 3d. ($1.28)a week. Scsnnur,n ll-.-Aion of South A.frica. Pensions for dependentsof men deceasedin consequenceof utar.r [Amounts outsido of parentheses are in pound and penee; amounts inside of parentheses are ;t$"ttT.t'i i .tmounts payable. Beneficiaries. t- il j \Meekl"v. | -A.nnttally. il ts.d. E W'idorv- 1 6 llr'- 70 (6.55) (310.66) Each child- 06 lil 16 (1. 50) (77.86) Aged or inlrm parents, or fomalo relatives'ivholly dependent on deceased.-'.. -. Is 2+.9 50 (4.68) (243.33) r Staiutes of tho Union of South Afriea, 1912,pp. n6, M, Aet. No. 13 of 1912,soc. 118,and Schedule YI, as amended by statutes of the Union of Siruth Airica, f gf 6, b. 458,act No. 29 of 1916. PRINCIPAL SOURCESOF INFORMATION CONCERNING THE PENSION SYSTEMS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES OF' GREAT BRITAIN. Great Britain: Regulationsfor the issueof army separation allow- ance, allotments of pay and familt' ailowance during the present war. London, I{. M. Stationery Office, 1916. Great Britain: Army Orders, April, 1917. London, H. M. Sta- tionery Offi.ce,1917. Great Britain, Military Service (Civil Liabilities) Committee: Regu- lations made by the military service (civil liabilities) committee with Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 151 MILITAR,Y FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. the concurrenccof the Lord Co-Li*rioner of T{is Majesty's Treasury. Lonclon,H. II. Stationery Office,1916' (Cd' 8249') Great,Britain: The Navy List for April, 1916,corrected to the 18th of March, 1916. London, H. M. Stationeryofflce, 1916. Great Britain, War Pensions, F;tc., Statutory Committee: Draft' reguJations(pt. 1) for grants to supplemglt pensions,grants, atrd sefiaration uilo*ur"lr., payable out, of public funds and for other grant,,and allorvanc€s,made by the statutory committeeof the Roval Fatriotic Funcl Corporationconstitutecl uncler tho l{avat anclMilitary IVar Pensions,etc., Act, 1915. London, I{. NI. Stationery Office, 1e16. (cd. 8316.) Papers relating to scalesof pensions and allorvancesof offi-cersand men of the ovJrsea contingents and their dependents' London, H. n{. Stationery Office,1915. (Cd. 7793') l{avy separation allorvance. (Extracts from Admiralty Orders.) G.eat l3ritain, trtinistry of Pensions:Royal rvarrant for the pensions of soldiersdisablecl and of the families and dependentsof soldiersde- ceasedin consequencoof the present war together rvith order in council and reguiations for pensionsof British seamenand marines, their widows, rielatives,and dependents. London, H. M' Stationery O{flce,1917. (Houseof Commons,64). Statutesof New ZeaTand,1915 and 1916' statutes of the union of south Africa, 1912and 1916. Statutory ruIes and orders, Commonwealth of Australia, 79t7, No. 49. Acts of the Parliament of the Commonwealthof Australia, 191.6. Royal warrant, for the pay, appointment, promotiol, utd non- effectivepay of the Arrny. frondon, H. M. Stationery Office, 1914' 'I.he draft of a royal warrant for the retired pay of officers disabled antl for the pensionsof the families and relatives of officers deceased, and for the pcnsionsof nurses disabled in consequenceof the present war. London, H. M. Stationery Office, l9t7 ' (Cd' 8631') ITALY.l SEPARATIONALLOWANCES. The system of Government separation allorvances to the families of solcliers in existence in Italy before 1914 proved insufficient, to meet the extraordinary demands of the European conflict. The amorints allowed have been twice raised by the Government since tho outbreak of the war, and have been supplemented by various subsidies, both public and private. The last increaso in the scale of allowances was madc in April of 1917. The present, status is shown in the foilowing schedule.2 1917' 2 Decree oi the lieutenant general, Apr.23, 1917,No. 062, Cazzotta Ufficiale, Apr' 30' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 152 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR I\TEMBERS OF Scsnnur,r l?.-Italy. Separat'i,on ullouancu. inside of parentheses are in [.,]:nounts orrtsitle of parentireses are in lire and fraclions--of a lira; amounts fractions of a dollar.l Boneficiaries. In capitals In other of Prov- com- inces or Inunes. districts. 0.80 0.70 (0.15) (0. 14) 0.40 0.35) Ilach legitimate orlegitimatized child uncler 12, or older, if incapablcof rvork. i{ (o. oE) (0.07) 0.80 0.70 --- 1 parent,60 )-earsold orincapableofl'ork------iiil (0.15) (0.14) 1.30 1.20 2 parents, satisfying same con Ascendants and collateral relatives do not, receive the allowance if there is a wife or children. In such cases the wife or children or both receive it. When seyeral brothers are callet{ to the colors allorvances to parents, brothers, and sisters can be extended in be- half of only one. All indigent families of soldiers who are deprived of support by the call to arms or retention under arms of their breadwinrners may be aclmitted to the separation allowance. The allowance must be asked for rrot b5' the soldier but bv the relatives interested. Such persons will submit their request to the syndic (sindaco) of the commune where the-v resicle, and tho s)-n- clic on receiving it wiil make an investigation to ascertain the char- acter &nd economic condition of the family, so as to make sure that the solclier in question has been actually recalled to the colors or retainecl in service, and that the family is not alreadl' drarvirrg thc allou,ance in another comrnune. As soon as possible the comrlunal committee is called together to decide upon the merits of the clairn. This committee consists of the syndic, as chailman, the local conr- mandant of the Royal Carbineers, and the president of the local organizcd charities. ff decision must be given on the quesiiotr of "incapacity for work" the municipal physician must be cailecl iri. In the event, of the committee's decision being favorable, the s1'ntlic is r.equireclto provide for the immediate payment of the allorv&nce.l The irrterest of the authorities in a rapid and cffec,tive adminis- tration of the srlstem is irrdicated in many ways. In llopulous com- munes, the s;,-ndic, to expedite grattts, maY aplloilrb llLol'e than one committee. Thc corrrrriandants of thc rnilitar'\. districts irr a mani- L Circular No. 351,May 20. 1015,Giornale Militare L]'fliciale,1915. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University }IILI'I-ARY FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. 153 festo of the 22d of }{ay, 1915, say that the reason for direct appli- cation of the {amilies to the syndic is " in order to secure the greatest possiblc speed in the ser'..-ice." Pa-vment of allorvances is made each }fonclay for the week just past, and every fifteen cla;-s the syndic must report to the com- mandant, of the military clistrict the amounts of allowances paid. l-unds for the payment of the allowances are obtained by an appro- priation in the budget. In addition to the daily separation allorvances described, monthly allowances are paid as a war indernnity to various classesof citizens. Civil employees of the State, for example, may receive 15 lire ($2.90) cr 12 lire ($2.32) monthly, according as their yearly salaries are not above 1,500lire ($289.50) or not above 3,000 lire ($579), respectively. Subaltern officers, married with at, least one child or widowers with two or more children, ma,v receive the 15 lire ($2.90) a month also.1 Besides the State allowances sub'sidies are granted in especially needy cases from funds subscribed privately and administered by the military authorities. A circular of the l{inister of the },{arine 2 speaks with appreciation of the large subscriptions for this purpose made by the personnel of the Navy in ansu'er to his previous appeal and emphasizes that individual care should be used in their distri- bution. The State has made rn'ideprovision for the continuanco of salaries to its civil emplovees recallecl to arms and has even, by r decreo of I[ay 1, 1916, required that private firmr shall, under certain condi- tions, pay inclemnities to their emplol.gss alnounting, as a maxi- mum, to one-half their salary.s Another source of assistance from .the State to the more need;r families of soldiers is tlie compulsory State maternity insurance for wage-earning u.omen working in factories or engaged in other occll- pations to u'hich the labor larv for women and children applies. The benefits amount to 40 lire (fi7.72) at the time of ctrildbirth and are paid to the amount of 70 per cent from the fund created by the contrib'.r.tions of employer and employee, and to the amount of 30 per cent by thc Statc.o i Decree of the lieutenant general. Oct. 29,1916, No. 1499,Gazzetta llfflciale, Nor'. 13,1916, and Act No. 88r-i, (iiornale llfficiale della tr{trrina, Dec. 31, 1916. : Giornnle U1licialeclella Ilarina, Sept. 30, 1915. 3 Decree oI the lieutenant gcneral, 1\[ay 1, 1916,No. 490,Gazzetta Ulhciale, .'day 5, 1916. s i,aw of Jul;' 17, 1910,No. 520, Gazzetta llfficiale, Aug.3, 1910. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 154 GovERNMENTAL pRovrsroNs Fori MEMBERS or' Scnpour,n 53.-Itnlu, Army. Pay of enlisted men 'tn actiue seraice, 'including uearly amountsfor paU, rations, and allowances. IOfficialsources, trfarch 10, 1915.] [-,\mountsoutside of parenthesesare given in hre; amountsinside of parenthosesare given in dollars.] I I I Tolal | ,"r.,, rFnio YearlY Ra,nk. "n,", allowance, clothing ff,i'i$:iqsraus" |:[tr"i"+Yeacnsraoe. Ifor e.r.ch l,*ii:-m:i:t grade. I | I I l{arshal major. . ... lr,t"*-""r'r* r ,-**rf-l I\ralshal . ;2,073.6(100. 21) 1,566.0 (302.24)il Sergealtmajor-.--- l'ir':.tsergoant- - - -. 1, I.l. a 0,O,. IJU. otzo +s; . li,iii:i [ilt:lil\zL\.;rlJ)l [?33:13]lfaoot Olri I l Serneant,trnmpeter 11,792.8l, 792.8 (3+0.(3+0.02)11,2&5.2 02) 1,28.5.2"3i3:R (248.(248.05)il 05)i I l Seigeant. 1,101.6(2r2.6r)l(2r2.61)l 5e1.0 (111.6r)lj(111.6r)lJ Sanirer and trum- 11,101.6 I potcr, lance ser- tl 43.2 (8.34) 54.0 (10.42) 14.4 (2.78) gLii_rlll - - str.21nr.ur',1 1so.o trn.rnll' Lanresergeanl.-.-- 4e3.3fo;.zcrl 162.0 ,tt rt,jl Oorporaltrumpcter, sappor and musi- citn-. - 43e.2(84.77)l 108.0 (20.84)1121e.6(42.39) Corporal,farrier- - -. 42r.2 (81.30)l e0.0 (17.37)ll Lance corporal, _ Srlnper,trumpeter sRi.2 (7J.35)l s{.o 1ro.+zll I Private - 3ri;.3 (i0.88)l 3ri.0 (6.e5)l I I An additional cash allorvance is paid when troops aro on a war footing, at the ra.to r;f 0, 75 lira ($0.1.i)per day ($54.75a"nnuallyl for sergeants and higher grades, and from 0. 20 lira ($0.01) to 0.35 lira ($0.07) por day ($14.60to $25.55annually) for lower giades. PENSIONS. IIISTORY AND GENERAL STATEIIENT. At the beginning of the Europealr War and until the end of 1916 the old Iialian pension system remained in force. fhis was based on tho law of Irebruary 2L, 1895, on civil and military psnsions, rvitir its subsequent amendments, ancl treated wounds and deaths of soldicrs as exceptions in a system based primaril)r on length of service. T[rc larv of June 23,19L2, passed at the beginning of the Libyan War, and "valid for all future campaigns of war," by establishing the so-calloci "privileged" pensions for offi.cers and soldiers on lowor salaries raised indeed the amounts of pensions granted to soldiers and familics most in need, but changed notiring in the essontial structure of tlic s.ystom. This system provided invalid pensions for three categories of infirrnities only, g&ve a flat pension to rvidows and orphans regarC- less of the size of the family, and provided support for the ascend- ants and collateral relatives of the deceased soldier only if ttre latter had been their solo support. LTnder the strain of a \var that called into action rlot merely tho professional army but the total forces of the nation, the inadequacy arid injustice of a system so archaic and so inelastic became increas- ingly evident. Public opinion expressing itself in such authoritativo wa,ys as in the official conference for a,ll Italy on pensions, ai Rome in June of 1916, the writings and lectures of the Hon. Luigi Itava. of Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS. lDc the Italian Parliament, and a critical study of the Italian pen'sion systemin comparisonwith other systemsby the llcn' Ivanoe Bonomi, *ini.tn. of putlic works, d.emandedthat the pensionlaw be rnodern- ized,. As a model for this reform, the Government studied the pro- poseclremodeling of ihe pensionsyste* o{ l-rance, and the chariges i.o." i,r eflect itr Ihe Itatian system show the strong influence of tirc pending French bill. The ,r*oosystem was instituted b;r the decree of the lieutenant generalof November 12, 1916. It proviCed for au increaseof pen- Jion u."ording to the size of the deceasedsoldier's family, granting 630 lire (.$121.59)for a widow and tryo children, or to full orphans up to the nurnber of four, and adding 50 lire ($9'65) annuatrlyfor euch child-und.er 18, changedthe clauseof "sole support" to " neces- sary a1d cirief support," made a broad provision for illegitimate chiidrel, and promised,in the regulations to foliorv, a revision of tlie categoriesof disabilitSrfor invalid pensionson the basis of incapacity for plrofitablervork. Tireseregulations, just receivcdin this country,l ,.plu.* ttre three former categoriesof disability by ten, and fix l'he p.nriorr. for these by fractions of the maxirnurn invalid pension for bategory I. For CategoriesIX and X, respectively (the slighter injuriesj, a tem.porur;rullowance and a lump sum are given and for ,ur*, *il."" the medical authority is unable to give defi.nitedecision on the type of injury, a reilewable yeariy allowance is given. equal to the p**io" of ihocategory provisionally fixed. This may be later in case of the soldier's improvement, or converted into a pension,"arr"dJd,if his clisability is permanent. In caseof aggravation of the according soldier'sdisability -of ho may upply for an increaseof ponsion, to the category disability to which his new status of disability assignshim. In contrast to the old conceptionof grading disabilitv by unfitness for rnilitary sorvice,the effort has been made in the new systern to graclethe injuries an4 correspondingpensions according to tire sol- dier's loss of earning power in civil life. The disability chart, pub- lished with the neu, regulations of Muy 20, IgI7, is tire work, as the nninisterof the treasury states in his report to tire licutenant gen- eral,of a technicalcommission Of experts, medical,legal, anda,ctuarial, of and shows the replacernent-oid of the rough and ready classification infirmities in the th".* categoriesby a carefully detailed scale of injuries, gradecl with the utmost, possible scisntific precision and u...rrory. Traces are also evident of the plrposo to compensatedis- involves no actual clisabiiity. figurernent, evel when it _- , o"** ir.*""*i *.".rrr,*", ,, *,, *" 'iui^"'""^;;;i"i;, t*t" t, *o "rin, Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 156 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS I'OR }IEMBERS OF RETIRE}IENT PENSIONS. Retirement pensions for offi.cersof the Army and lfavy are liqui- dated on the basis of their a.'reragesalarv for the last five years, if th.ey themseh'es ask for retirement, or lor tire last three years if retired by law or oflicial order. For capttrins and subaltern officers 300 lire ($57.90) are added to the quinqucnnial or trienniai average. If the average is not above 4,000 lire (9772) it is increased by one- fifth if the officer lr.asnot received an increase of salary for the last 12 ) ears or has received an inc,rease u'hiclr. does not amount to one-fifth of the average. In this latter case no account is taken of the increase of the last 12 years. Taking the average as the base, the pension is computed according to tire fractions given in the official tables for Army and Navy. (See Schedule 55, p. 157.) I{ the average is not above 2,000 lire ($336), the pension equals the given fraetion of 2,000 multiplied by the number of years of service. If the average is above 2,000, thc pension equals tire given fraetion of 2,000 times the number of years of service plus the given fraction of any remaining sum tin:.es the number of years of service. The pension must not be less than 150 lire ($28.95) or more than 8,000 lire ($1,544) and must, not exceed four-fifths of the average as calculated above. Superior offi"cershave a right to retirement pension after 30 years' service, inferior oflicers (subalterns) after 25 years' service. Th*y rnust, horvever, have reached the following ages: Generals and ad- mirals, lieutenant generals and vice admirals, and corresponding grades, 55 ycars; major generals, rear admirals, and corresponding grades, 55 yearsl superior offi"cers,52 years; inferior o{fi"cers,45 ;-cars. ilnJ.isted men have a right, to retirement pcnsions after 20 years' service and at, 42 years of age. For the marines, howevel', ttris age is reduced to 39 years if they have had 15 )'ears' service with the flect. The rninimum and maximum retirement pensions are paid to en- Iisted men according to the amounts fixed by grade on the ofiiciai schcdule. (SeeSchedule 57, footnote 1, p. 163.) Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AI(D TITEIR DEPENDENTS. L57 Scnnnur,n l{.-Italu, Arrny. Reti,remc.ntpensions for ofi.cers. Isources:Les Armdcs des Principal;i,:#i:il":lt:'r:,'#j;*R: o*ts, 1e13,p' 27e;Yenz6'srnter- $",#rt;*i [Arnottnts outside of palcntheses are in li-r:e;am ,'nts inside oI parentheses are in dollars.] Annual oension. Grade. Salary. Maximum. i Lieutenant general- 12,000(2,316.00) 5,833 (1, 125.77) 8,000(1,544.00) ni:-Jig-enerit- . .:. . . : : : : : : : : : : : : . : : : : : : : : : : : : . . . . 10,000(1,930.00) .{,83:J (932.77) 8: ooo(1,5.14.00) Colonel.- - 8,000(r,544.00), 3,833 (739.77) 6,100(1,177.30) I,ieutenant colonel: I After 5 years grade 7,000(1,351.00) 3,942 (760.81 5,600(1,080.80) Lcss than 5 vears. - 6,000/l, l5S.00) 3,406 (657.36 4,800 (e20.40) Maior:" | After 5 years grade - 5,500(1,061.50) 3,5.10 (683.22 4,400 (84e.20) ^ Lqssthan 5 years- - 5,000 (5e0.58) 4,000 (772.N) L aDlilin: -\ ftcr l0 ycars gradeor 251'ears serliec,-.... - - 4,800 (DUC. 06 4,000 (772.N) .\fter 5 ]'eirrs-. 4 .ttYl (527.08 3,7tio (725.68) Lcss t"han 5 years. 4,000 (4r1.28 3,440 (663.92) Lieutenairt:Lieutenant: I ifti'r 15years gradc- . -. - -.. -. -.1 3,600 (469.18) 3,720 (602.16) r\ftcr l0 ycarsgrcdc or 15years scrvice..- -- -. -l 3,400 (420.e3) 3,040 (586.72) After5 vears.. _..... -.1 2,300 (372.68) 2,480 (478.U) ^..I.essthanSyears-. .-.------.--.12,1ff.) (334.08) 2,160 (41{i.88) :ul)lleulcn&n[--___- - .l 2,0(fl) (312.08) 1,840 (355.12) t Superior ofrcers, after 30 years' service; inferior officcrs, aftcr 25 ycars' service. ScRnour,n ll.-Italu. Fracti,onsto be used ,it'trecl:ontng,pensi,onsfor ofr,cers. rl. N-\Y)'. [Source: Law of June 27, 1909,No. 375.] lNaval conslruclors, , m.edieal andcom mrssary corps. first On any On re[larn]ng 2,000lire. sum, u46 u36 I /;.1 ,iublieutenantof warship and lieutenant-.-. -.. - -... -..i 1i30 r/.15 u35 1i53 T,ieul enalt of warship and captain. rl27 1r 1l 7132 1/10 Captainof corveitean Il. ,\ltMY. [Source: Larv of Jul1' 14, 1907,No. 4ti2.] Grade. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 158 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF DISABILII]Y PEI{SIOI\TS. Disability pensions for offi.cers for injuries incurred in service, according to Ctrtegory I of the old lar,v, are equal to four-fifths of the offi,cer's salary increased by one-half ; and for sotrdiers they aro equal to the marimurn retirement pensions given on the official tabie increaseclby tu'o-thirds. (SeeSchedules 56 and 57, PP. 160 to 163.) For thc r'privileged" pensions granted for injuries inculred in \r'ar to offi.cers and soldiers who have claim to disability pensions not, exceeding3,000lire ($579),one-fifth is added to the amountsbomputed 'Ihese as above. privileged pensions may not excecd 3,000lire ($579). Tlre new pension regulations of Muy 20, 1917, remodel the systern of invalid pensions as follows: Ten categories of clisability take the place of the previous tirree, ranging frorn blindness and loss of all the lirnbs to thc lightest grades of injury. The maximum pension, tlrat of Category I for total disability (100 per cent loss of earning porver) is retained from the old system. It is notable that the pensions of this catcgorl' 61's larger in amount than the corresponding ones granted by any other continental nation among the belligerents" The pensions of Categories II to VIII inclusive are equal to 80, 75, 70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 per cent of the pension of Category I, respec- tively. Privileged pensions are paid to officers whose normal pen- sion amounts to less than 3,000lire (9579) and are reckoned by adding one-fifth to the amounts computed as above. Priviieged pensions for noncommissioned offi"cers and enlisted men are fixed by the ofiicial table attached to the decree of IV{ay 20, lgl7. (SeeSchedule 57, foot- note 1, p. 163.) tr'or the injuries of Category IX a temporary allow- ance is paid, equal to the pension of CatogoryVfII, duringfrom three 'L.r to six years, provided that the soldier or officer has not the right the retirement pension. For injuries of Category X, provicled again that the injured man has not the right to the retirement pension, an indernnity is paid in a lump sum varying from six months' paymcnb of the pension for Category VIII to two years' payments, but a ciaim for this indemnity involves renunciation of the claim to a pension. Wh.en the military medical authority can not decide the question of the seriousness of the injury or of its permanence, a renewable allorv- ance is paid, equal to the pension of the category provisionally fixed, for from one year to five years according to the time fixed for tl'e next medical consultation. If at the end of this period tho injury is recognized as permanent, the renewable allowance is changed to a pension, or, if doubt still exists, the allowance may be further pro- longed, but not for more than eight years including the first period. At the end of this tiure a definite medical decision must bo given, accord- ing to which the allowance must either bo converted into a pcnsiotr, or into the temporary allowance or lump sum payrnent spoken of Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AI.D TI{IIIR DIIPENIDENTS. 159 above, or otherwise '.ust bc cancelled. fn case of aggravatioir of infu'rnity, a soldier may apply for increase of pension.' A noteworthy _ innovation in thc larv is the inc,reaseclprovisiol for the most serious typgs of injury. trf a soldier's disability in.li*pon- sabl.1'requires the assistance of arrotirer pcrson, hc has tiri right io u supplementary allolvance as rvell as to the pension due him. This allowance amounts to 150 lire ($zs.or; onn.,ully and may i1 the rnost serious casesbo doubled. Thc privileged pension, moreover, is subjoct to increaseforlength of servicc. An officcr after five years of service, or a soldior after eight years of service, receives for every Jrear of actiye scrvics or campaign one-twentieth of the difforence between the mili- mumretirement pension and the privileged pension, provicled the prii- ilegod pension does not oxcced the amount of th" minirnum retiremont pension. ff, on the other hand, tlie officer or soldier htrs sorved the 20 years required for a, retirernent pension, he receives as tho priviieged pension tho amount of the retirement pensiol plus o^o- tonth, if this results more favorably than the pen-sion computed in pjTr"3ry disabilitypension of Caregoryf. "f ge i Decreeorr'u rr ;-**r" r"o "*."," "*i, Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 160 GOVERNMENTAL PROYISIONS FOR ]\IEMBERS OF * i ; I 5933???iru$i?5 q; ?!il FA d q3*34,c-{3 q?8"? 1? ?5n?jfr ^w >,.-: ii-q. i ;. x: iI ::rl-ri 3''?.;1,Ate 63 g ag )= i U qqq cd ac.i a :i trH.:^r:)Ai\iasNc.riI R= ER H. eS_:: }:b- E_l_:__l_3UE SE : :: : vh Nf- ?*aFa33 Resa sR -Hrvrv 3$ .N 5*l AN i *noli3?eis I * I =- z:: ---# ^:v q'!.^ I n:c3a8e^SHI tis* ;n E3n9ia(EI o)l: Ei E +;J;;J J"sF'" q$ iw ; 3 V "t6"t;ti '' 6rv "r6-lftv - v d. I gF > i s v! 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H .gF : i5 : h - d..il v;i ti Tg:::'fE:'f::e 6 h Z60 7, @ las i€ € ZZ o 7,v-v € ; ;3 a r 8.3 .r ,=1i lltr 1-:.Sa Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MIIJTARY FOROES AND TEETB DEPE}TDENTS. 161" (OA @a6taOa I (Dq\ b-rOCr!@ Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University L62 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR, MEMBERS OF ^? 'nxES '-iad.i 9.{ d h;-,O li .i a'ri I q.:. > ll8 t:- ; Qiqa .:t N -_*fi 'ild r€ iFE;_9ai' t-o- V. 6 d H -;'; P.eL 2?.-= Nq ll HF le.Z a; r;Q!o X . Ea-a F.:;F IEF .d= = voa $a 9! slt qx; = r'-4,2 6, m': h .i": a-^-=- a.X -3 r FF 9 ! ril 4T c: .m Fc *? Fd: X ::_, m'j N q : hcxc +ts- *i H Eq 6 ! ? L .YY ! ep d c3 + i/l s.or5 .3:RE N oo tr ': d oP 5s* sS'/ i H rig X -6VH "'liiH X .-P-6 € Fs l.- c .o9 ;i ! $3 ;f I Hr ts iil'E d €R5 '-! - ii 4 o {3 h \ Qt Or^ i9 O$ d :i-J H H8 SC Hs $S Ek'j q sR ; €E 3 N d u0 v S#a'6 k R .!'! : c\^ 3A ?6 O^ F r6l (c)6 ' id Y o ro 00 :;= co; NLN. I i ! ,-- .a jss S ri'- d a Or il a H o 61 S EF 'g.Y .5 Qa tr H +^ cA- e.di : d o rel = O) 6i J? 8il l- SO-E je jx e Af- (.) L. rlo k 'ao S 1' m 6l -H! d 'a (O^ cO^ ar ^ a:' 6 br.! @61 r t- +J:O %R T1 ^-aJh d co icl d- 6l N sxo d N@ m q 'rt! I x,i,q v v! O^ o^ La^ ::^ q € d$ 6 --:tt d NT c) r f-:t - 6! v m :ij cq t- 'a 'a P hq H 6l H" Y'A A 6l ^ oe q ^ tsr*o, I A h d E. I I ^€ ge cr) Fco .X 'f,i I ao Fe N A' € l 'i 613 i'd id a^ 3 I !'! $ 's' E-s : I 'o.i.-1 0 mcl s .x-o^ H I \ =ai' F I On O /:\ $N TN I ot\ Nm CON P,: a I do q! € I j c$d i:: ca {t a: S' o: t v qJ 9- Y I .s iH ts T -E"^e 63cSalrd I UJ) E3;{ E;€ r. >= .i::v:! o* .4 e1 o D- .q: d d ;: sE" -B:5A?.Y u)+. ; B:8 t"l nz 'ERoE Pogi H€ 7 >:^ > d ? p9 a ;3=Y) FX-* HO ca a F:: 3H83. F6E g -tt o9 ^O a: :L'i===,:=-1 := e3 bx =a i;=:i.=?-=t:ri=, 4ef: i- FQ Ei :'rili -:^,^ l7==:;7-= !: =-,! izi v:-;==:r,a-=i cl t':^ a =.\ =- ===i=;- ai aaa i;, - = = .. I do =,e &=!='=ita=771==z t< tza a r\ ci"i'! Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FOBCES AND TI{EIR DEPENDENTS. 163 g $€EEgx?.8::E5;Ki: :: saa i? .! E IaEEi liTzTCizEEEFi;x ir5!E:7287fg E i i:g!ig"Ei=EEIEiiEg Egi$.A E!E:e-E.i E Vzzli=p:EIEE;i71;ili aEJEiEZg;i Z;fu? Er,i',zz'r:2XTEtzzZii ;Ec:: E=EzE;Egi? ! iiiiiz=vtizzll:EiHFfrE: E:iliirEig Ei:=,e721ii;x::i;;E :E E;n Eifi3!:E-i:a l iiliii:iir;*F:fiig ii,Eii:E i:E=filiEf s ii:'Ei1,t1il.+EElqepEE:e6 sE?sF fi:i EE; g a :=tti7.-|epqii3i i{i*i.i*Fei';{:esi€:! ri i Eii:Ei iigi#:AiEf:EElE:8*E€F:EiEEiF AE €: i:ii a€ r*;; ari;E€iAgEi:E;iB;itriEiB =,E Ei;l;;:Ege=gi€i;;iSiiFiE;l;i I# n E;; i:$ =ISi aE*e5e; ::; :+ ;EEElE?itrEe;;::;?;;;; iiFF5lei?ruzilz{lrn:s :igff iE'3fli! g (oI-ororo ''ii'd c mOlC.l(t< EiE s;?f r F=sH .Y >P o"C-(El* >. € id6i.j CO-5 r- C r a .+1mNC\i iEEeF n=.21, * '|6'Ei( E€xqa;s EEIE= f5s€ h+? 8883S a'iJ Y- 2 ^ €;rr =- d attociod ql 6lctOrOcO ^ troo E;E{ fl .fr:ss c rooo$cco ",= r.:;i ? t*;E CE : e-1:;i t c{-ijj .E:; .EEe.:a gf*;g:E:f fenj .ft d oE ct o) aY: 6l(c6ro)N €:i;3i > @*fi\Ooo E€iI:E r F:s? :9 -id6i -i 6i .Hfci *co'a O)i(3C{O I*sS EazE:a NN*i H X.Q; ,Ets:.fl ii 6loocc6 al-jr : Kt E-q - HNrJlC6m FESE?iE roiaO'5ro B!1';E.EHi!q XR Ei: S:eI Y;ts; ?3.2=i e6PAa;e€ :i ,2>-v,) E FEi.- i: H: o .EE E.:9.9 :<5*E ! E;!: ! rooctc€ Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University L64 covER.NMENTALpn.ovrsroNs FoH, '*E.{BEB,s oF In all belligerent countries it has been fount{ nocess&,r.yin various ways to supplement t,he existing prc,r'isicns of th.e peLsion laws. Even in countries with a revised p1*ior s3,stemsuch u, Ituly,s, sup- plemeniarS' legislatic,n has been found nece;s.sary. a moden type bf provision suppiemcniery to the disabiiit-rrpension is shown in the iegislation extending tire pa1,-rnent,of the separation allowance to the families of soldiers per^na,nentlydisabiecl in ivar. This has been done in Itaiy by the la'w establishing the National Institute for Wu,..f""u- lids (OperaNazionale).' The allowance is extendecl without linaitatian on the sarne terms as to the families of soldierscalled to or retained with the colors. The Naiional fnstitute coordinates and eentra,lizesthe work of the previously existing relief agenciesfor the assistanceof wounded sol- diers,' acting through and with them apparentlJ: as a -"ort of central clearing house. rt is supportecl b;r p,inii" appropriations and by pri vate contributi on-". The law makes elabora,t,eprovision for the care and reeclucationof wounded soldiers and provides payment of allowaneesto th;;;;; treatment and training. Whatever the degree of earning porysr rees- tablished "remain by the treatment, the pensioi provision* un_ changed. A soldier is, howeve., peialized- foi refusing treatment by loss of part or all of his pension. PENSIONS TO IVIDO\YS AND OT}IER DEPENDEN I'S. The remodeled and modernized regulations dcpenclents,pen- sions were establish.Lby -for the decree of the lie't*";; ;neral of November 12, 1916. Thesewere not changed b3, tlru of Muy 20, 7917. "*gu-lutions Dependents oJ offi.cersdy,og of injuries or diseaseincurred jn servie.e receive one-half of the offi.cer'spension in c.asethis does not exceed 31000iire ($57g) and otherwise 4_0ner cent, of the officer,s sala,ry. Dependents of soldiers (noncommissionedofficers and eniisted *.rr) receive under the same circumstancesone-half the maximum pension of category r. These general rures are suhjecr tc sucir cha,ngesand exceptionsas rvill be noted Dependents having a right to the pension are rr icloivs,children under 18 years (including of age illegitirnate chilclren riircler certain concli- tions), or parents, or orphan brothers and sister, .r?ra*. i g;;;;; of o.g*. Ac'ccrding to the regulations the widow alone, the widow ood orr" crr1d, or the widorv and two children receive the sarneamount. Fort - eacir- acl_------:or uur.*, rnrr,*u. n r, eu"nt urur"rr*,;rrr;rr* Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University DEPENDENTS' 165 }IILITAR'Y FORCES AND T}IDIR is-tln annual increasc of 50 clitional child rinder 18 years of rr,getherc orphans rcceive the fuli pen- Iirc ($9.65). If there is no witloiv, the ($9'65) annually for each or:phan sion, ihe amount increasing 50 lire of f our' under 18 years of agc heyond tlie nunrber flom any or of the chil- If the widorv for ar:.Yrcason li.,.os apart ?T going to tho rvidorv ancl the dre', the pension is ,iioi,l".l, nrre-lt,lif ,itt ttiu c6ildren rvho have the other half l-rcing-.ii"i,t"A e<1.ally anlorlg oniy one child h. r'eceivei one- right to it, except i,lat i'.."*.. ih.te is ihe widow and chilciren the fourth. I* .u,0" of the division bet,rveen 50lire($9.65)increasegoeswhollytot,}rechilrlren. pension because her marriage If tlie widow is unabli to obtain the ,ttt authorized according to the during the soldier's term of service -"r,, the legitimate children re- requirements of the rnilit,ary authorities, before the time of the ceive it; provided the mur"ioge'n'"ascontracted. death-or the legitirnated wounds or cLiscaseleaciing to the father's chllclren if born before the same tirne' is under Provision t"t iu.gitimato children iegallyrecognized Tldu 6f othnt* having claim to the the foilolving conditions: In absence the full arnount; in pres- p."-i"", i[e[itirnate chilclren may receive ot legitimated children of the ence of tlie wiclow or of legitimut, oi u pttoious, rnarriage and soldior, they are considered-as orphaus as any other child- In case, receive the same share in the allowance spoken of above, the share of lio.wever, of the division of thu p"nsion -being adited to the share of each is clecreased one-fifth, this amount' share is decreased by the pres- the other participants, whose nol.mal par-ents or brothers or unmarried ence of t5e iU.g'iti*ui.*. Ipheri. to the pension the pension sisters uncler age have a compe+,itive claim the illegitimates' To acquire is dividectr in halves between th.* ancl *tt*t have been acknowl- the right to a pension, illcgitimate children g0 the conclusion of poace' *Ag"iby tire sotdier days before and collatoral relat'ives In absenceof widow or orphans, ascendanis soldier has been their necessary have a clairn to the full pension if the the pension if he is a rvidower' and chief support. The-f ather receives of wage eiarrrirrg; uld also if, or biincl, or 50 yoa,rs old, or i,',opuule ci*stitute tlirough no fault even after tne sotaier,s cleatfrl n* f..ome* The mother under thc s&me cf his o*r,.,"iihi* ,, p"riod of hve years. becomes a witlow rvithin a period conclitions may receive it, evel if she If she iived separated from her of five years uft*, tire soltlier's death. n0 support from hirn' she husband Lryno fault of her orvn ancl received proYicled her other circum- ntay receive the f ull amount of thc pension-, horvever, has also the legal staqces eptitle hcr to it. If the fai;her, divided equally between thern' requiremcqts for the pension, it' rvill be ceasos to reccive the pension' In c:r.seof her renamiage the mother Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 166 GOYERNME}TTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF Even tho mother of an illegitimate son, if unmarried and satisfying tho other condition of dependence, m&y receive in tiro event of the son's death the fuil amount of the pension. For the purpose of the pension, however, she must legally have recognized the son bcfore Novernber 12, 1916. In casethe f ather, through a penal sentence,has suffered loss or suspension of the pension, the mother receives two- thirds of the amount. Orphan brothcrs and unrnarried sisters in the absence of other claimants, if under 18 and clependent,on the sold-ier,may also receivo the fuil amount of the pension. The family of a soldier dying in captivity from injuries incurred in service receive the full pension; if cause of service is unproved, two- thirds of the penl.ion, unless their riglit to it is disproved, or unless, in the judgment of the Court of Accounts, the ordinary allowance is more favorable. The family of a soldier declared missing in tire absence of news from him for four months is granted a perrsion to the same amount anci by the same rules as the far:rily of a soldier dying in captivity. The decree of the iieutenant general of March 15, 1917,1provides a food allorvance for indigent parents of a soldier dead or missing. By far the largest deirenclent's pension granted is given to the widorv and childrcn of any Italian executed for political reasons during the war at the hands of the Austro-Ilungarian Government" Tire widolv receives 1,800 lire ($347.10), and each chilcl up to 21 years of age 600 lire ($1i5.80). The larv establishing this pcnsion is of spccial interest' as having first introduced into the Italian legislation the principle of the sliding scale of pensirins in accordance with the size of the family, which was later confirrned and incorporatecl in the new pension laws. In case of her remarriage, the rvidow forfeits her pension but reccives a lump sum equal to four yearly payments of thc pension, if she is not above 35 years of age and if therc arc no orphans. She may otherwise, if she is not above 50 ;'strs of age, receive a lump sum equal to three yearly payments. Pensions to all children cease as they become of age and pensions to daughters at their marriage. The annual increase of 50 lire ($9.0S) for each child beyond two or each full orphan beyond four is recluced or ceases as the number of persons entitled is reduced by the children's corning of age, by mar- riage (in the case of a girl), by death, etc. lYircn it is learned after pavment of a pension to parents that these parents have other sources of income which enable them to provide t Giornale Militare Ufficiale, No. 261, Apr. 13, 1917. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University - I MILITARY FORCES AND TITEIR DEPENDENTS. L67 at least in part for their orvn support, the pension is reduced by one- tifrd, one-half, or iwo-thirds, or cancelc Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 168 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS ]rOR I\'IEIIBENS OF >clrEriuLE 58.--Italy. Pansi,ons to tli 1'-t,!. pp.2L:;1, 'gcnoitrl,scpi.?,i,j10,Nb.fBascd on lav,'sf Flh- 2i, 18S5, No. ?0,cotlificd text (Cortici e i,c'ggi {.lsrrdi [Arnourts outsidc of parentireses are in lire; amountr; inside o! parcnlhcrtcs l.rc iti tllllars.i , l)t i'i.:r.s(,rl. ll i I Lior- i ,,,,,,,, .. . i I rcn:irri,,;l;;;i;:i('r'i.rrr.l. lSenerai.l-'""^""' r lrr -l l:ll lrl i Dcleficiir,ries. Stipulations. . I I l-li i Vi('c I l'.c:.rr I I a,tluil- i a.tlmi- 1 rar. i rar. I l l_-r :ri I lr --_-i_._-i,__-*,r--1llirl i i 1 Pensi,onablesalqry - . i 12, o,io r t0, tttic) E,flool (z.ari')vr\ (l:u30) (1.5{4)l 'IVidow i| \!' /' and orphans: i Widowr-.'-..-_..-.-._-..1r li .1,fir0i 4,000I 3,2u)I lvidowand one chirc" tl l:(ii3.,ii)i(??2.00),(ui;.U01i iitt fiflIl:x3,il3'"?1ttl."'ifffi,3fil,Tf"Ifl'll! i ,trii,liff,lirii,l'd'3rr.illlllir i lYidowandtrvochildrcn--il ll .t,000i -!,000I :i.2u{l (77:r.00)l(6ii.{iO)i lJ tl(772.00) Eachatlditionalchild.s,Eachatlditionalchitd.s,l'rtuoor.l8yearsofage..-llfunderl8yearsofage.-- - .i.l sol;;i tt'i.loi solttI l (e.05)i (e.65)i (e. I ri5)i four. ** 'lf i,,;rffi,l,,il$,1u?l13lir! of i[ daughtcrs) rinmarried.' ", | 50 iil i 50 Each adrlitiorral orpha.n.r-"u^" , i ll {0.tli'1: (9.65)l (t'.ti5)' 1f rllegitimatochildren-"-""'i ttt"5:ti""ttf3.-f#t3;l,thers h,r,rjnecrai*..-,...i- 4,0c0 I 4,000I 3,2rs! I 1Q72.ai'ti(772. o0) i(cil 7. ao) i I b. In competition with Darcnts cr l.rruthers | 2,$J0 i 2,000 i 1,600 i I or un-marriedsisteriunderage.e l(386.00)l(38tt.00)l(:it)il.s0)l t On romarriage wirlow forfeits pension but recsives a iump strm cquai io fi;ur ycarly pa;,'ments oI pcn-sion 'u'idos' il she is not above 35 and thore are no orphans. Otherivisc may receive lurnp surn cqual to three -ycarly payments i{ she is not above 50 years of age. z If widurr is rrnableto obtain pcnsion bccariseFcr marriage'rv'asiioL irirrborizedas re Providedby the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity MILITARY ' FORCES AND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. 169 'i,n zoar, dyin'g cJ i,njuries i,rtcurred i;r scr'uict:,rlgtrtg ilr t:upttt,i.try. rtr rnissittg. 'r'r,'iHiiri'a.:?13'"i-f,;,oll,[*i,';;,y*.1;i,,J;,lrji,',,*T'i$"1'rlh"( S;'.trFi,::li.ftr)',l;l;. lilii:"ffi: IAmounts outside of parentheses are in lire; arnounts insi I)oceascil-Continucri. I "tt'i:**tat I Major. I c*ptui,,. l-- r.ieurena'r. I L,,3. I I i I lr,encnt. l-tr -' l'rr"'roij i l*^,',,,r,1,*,,',l**,,*l ,*,u iiq,ipi**::,ri jt:ri'*':,,-..rrrl,_".,,",*1:gll#{ii+I,:,jiT:tl,#i',I^,*, " IIt{',l,iii'l'-ffi1"-,,r'ri{#i-{il I _l_ I lselrlcc' | | iservicc'l!_._,. |L ___i_-_- | "iil*ft i ???93,,1r:tr,i.,,teouotorwarship. ,.uuuorena'torwarship. I X** | **t,*l,ffii ;n: | I lt*li---l-r_r=-r_-i_r--t_.*- i i l*triml i ,l;Sn,l,f;ffi, ,,,#S,l ,dlH,r,oialffi,l,,Xa,iffi,l,,irH,l,u8il8glru3al33,!,,?alffi,!,*fuiffi,1,,3affi, |,4l;g,1 ,,h;ffi,; .i,ffic,fii,s,1,,!Ei;1,1,,irffi,1,,l.,16, j,,irlff,l,,ir;g,l,4qlpl,;r:g,l,,pp, Iillr,illl iifr-il]; 'r::ffi'l l:*f il'i:frili"i:iff,|<'ir'ii[,li'irififi,ri'blE!,|,i'?te,li;t:n,i,lo:ls, lrdt:iUrl<*&lffrj uii:6lra"a6ffirl*6l5irlr*r.84)l(830.e6)l(s0r.*ijr*l3lrlrda339rjrdll?9, crio$, | :::'l:';f i :'.::'l:'^fi'l :"ill :'f i i'-t,l1':#,1 1"1g,l,',#,1 ,'33,i * 33, ': '-:1$:l <'lorr3, iI (e.b5)lru:l"::ru:l(e.6s)l co.orrl "::fft1"'::ii:l.'i:ffitl';:rff'I,'l{ff'1,'h:9,1,;e'ipl,;'u3n,re.osrj ro.osrl ro.0stl re.osrl rs.a;tl ro.osr] I i Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 170 GOYER}IMENTAI- PROVISTONS FOR MEI,TBERS OF Scsoour,n it1.--ftulu. Pensiorr,sto ri;idouts tLtr,dother depe'nJur'tsof officerskilledin I I 1 I Benofrciaries. Stipulations. I Vice I Rear CrLIrt'rin' I acimi- | arlrrri- I oI rvrrt'-j ru]. rul. sitip. I I I I ttit- llrl llil l-l*-i-i In absenco of widow or lttlttll orphans: n,ooO +,ooO a,ZOO Father t - - lf widowed. blind.50 vears old. or incrpalrle I',(772'00)'t(772.00)i(617.60)l | I I of profitable woik, oi wjthin 5years sf son's dealh becoming destitute, not by his ou'u I i | | Iau.rt. I I I I Mothert -.... Under samc cor-ditions, e'r'enif she lrecomesI r,ooo I a,out I a,zoo I ,rvidorved rvithin 5 years u,fson's dcat,h. ,(772.rtOt,(172. 00) i(017. 60)l Livins scparated ft'om tathel not bv her os'n I n,* | o,*o I u,roo I '(7i2.00)l(i;2. fcrrlI. arid tcceivins n.r support fr.rm him. it (X))(ti]7.00)l 5t) vears old, blind, or incalialrleof profii,able | | I I s-orkab son's death.:r I I i I of illegitimateson, legally recognized by .hc.r| -1.0Q.l.-1.0P.1. .?.2P. I beioie Nov. fZ, tCtO,it rnorherjs unmlrric,l, (772.N)t(772.00)l(til7.60)l blincl, 50 yearsbld, or incapable of profitllrie I I I I work.jlli lf fatherllrrouslt a peni.rlsentence suflels loss I 2,c67| 2,667I 2,133 | or suspensi<.rdoftliepension.' (531.53)l(534.53)l(411.0;)l Orphan brothers and r{under age and. (in case orsisrers) unmarried., -i,rill33,l,ri;l88,l rrt;ll8,l srsters. llrl If officc_rdies in c-aptivity:-injuries I ... I . ^^^ | .- ^^^ I c. Becauseof in service- .-lrrfllij$!,ril$,9,1r,,?;333)l b.If causeof deathunproved 5--. . . .. -.... l,r3iliJ,l,r3ll!i,,,r?i(534. sa) t+it. ]i?,1tii)i l(53+.53) pp. l Maximun amount. For red.uctions see 166-167. 'rvill , if. h;il;G.: fatfrei fras loglll roq uircmenii for obtaining pension, it Lredii'ided iu otlr,rirlparts lle' trvediirjtc- nardnti. In casc5t romnrriagc t he mother cegstisto rcceile [he pellsiotr. a Tempoiary allowance. At father's deatb motber receives full pension. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 1 t11 MILITARY FORCES AND T}IEIR DEP]]}IDEi{TS. iiI war, dying of ,injuries inutrred bt, sa'2,'i,cc.rilTittg irt cupt'i.'uily, o'r tnissln0-C.'ontini-ied. _ :____ -_ - ..-i iI Deceosed-Continued, I ' i li.,,to,,uot";,;i;ili.^" I j I Nrajor' orptain' i*l j""'"""'li]tetrant.1 i "ir:rrrenr.t."ir:trtenrnt' I - | , - i,rtterroi i - i ^l:': . ]rrterto I - l I ,l;i,i',i',lll*", }"ll:l,l,l I I'#ili" i"Ti{i.'I+i::'il,'s;;ii".-; Iijr,,: "tff" ,ti,.ruE.+lllx+ig*,1,' sr*do. e,uie'J'lt;l:l'i;:l'i:'"|___L__l.,g1,?:, 1''*"';;l':';:""'tJ:itlii'.':l ycrrs, grudc.1 l_ __]'"""''i__| _l ldid. Oaptnin of Captain of ship- lrigate. corveLLe. man. 'a'fier tlt . ,\ftoi'It-i I o,*".s, ,kli*n .\trer5| .k::r. i i*ll::' i !t#; r,#, ):;;;,:|$l*,:,.it, ''#, '*'"' ".:i,'3Years' l:;ffi | |1 | i I i I i-l- i-i-i--'---ll- | ,,rooi,,* i ,,onoiI ,,rro I ,,r, | ,,ruoI ,,rro Ii ,,r.ui ,,orol ,,*o (*r.0or (336.00)(3e3.72) E{) e6) our,(zss.tirr,( 32)(20s. .i1) (2R0. 50) | j(36r.j j(308. i(238. l(330. | iil I ',**I 2.400| ,,^ | ,,* z,oroi; ,,*rol,,rroi ,,rool ,.rroi | 1,240 1,080i 1,500 (5.10.40) i (163.20) (46r.tjO)l(3s6.00) (3eJ.72) (3ri2.84),(330. 96),(308. 0tr (2sd.6i) (238.( 32) (208.44),(28e. 50) I 2.800 2,100I z,zooI z,ooo ,,olo |I ,,rro| ,.,rrol,,*o i t,,* |i 1.210r 1,080i 1,500 (510.40) (463.20) (38d.0o)(3e3. 72)l E{) s0)l(30s.08) (285. 61) (288.( J2) (20s.41)(289.50) j(330. iil !,.r".*,1 l(362. lli 2,800 ,,*no iI z,zoo| ,,* | ,,ooo|I ,,**oI t,t^ | t,r* | ,,**olI 1.240i 1,080i 1,500 0{)(?;t8. 32) (208. 41) (2se. 50) {540.40) (463.20)(.r3r. 60) (386. oo) (3e:,. 72) br)'(s30.ed) 0s) i i I | I l(3ri3. l(3()s. i(285. lill( l{l lil '1 l, 307 ,,uno Ii ,,00,| ,,,,, | ,,,'l| 1,2i;3 i, 117| ,, o,toi ntt |I 827 720I 1,000 (364.53) (3c8.Eo) (2\ l. grt) (257.27t (2tt2.4s) (241.83)(221. SZ) (m. 72)(ler). 4e) (15e.61)( (138. e6) (1e3.00) i I i 2, E00 2.400L.roo'il ,,nnnI ,,ono I ,,*r'o | ,,rro | ,,rnn ,.',* i r,r*oi ,,oro| ,,ooo (#0.40) (+cr.zo) (18{. $0) (:18{j.00) (393.72)(363.81) (330.96) (308.0E) (2E5. 61) (23S.( 32) (20E.11) (2s9.50) l itlli 2,8L\) ?,400 2,200 I, 2,0t)0I 2,01c i 1,880I r,7n | 1,560 1,1S0 1,2'10 i,C30 1,500 (510.-10)(.+t)i'.20) ('iti.t. t'0) (3s(i.&)) (393.72) (3{i"3.ii1) (330.gri) (:lrJs.0t) (2S5.ti4) (23r. ;t2) (1ZL}s..l l) (289.50) 1,8(;7 I 1.t,li) I 1,1(i7 l,:jiil i.it;0i 1,253) l,1i7i 1,0!0 9t7 rljT 720 l,0tx) (301.5rl) (306.S0) (281.9r1)(2st'.27)(262.18) (zri.se) G2t.BZ)(200.72) (I90.{$) (159.(il,(133.9ii) (193.00) I .lr:r'l a If o{hccr lilol tirclr neci:..;:eryand chiof support. s l:iit;ilii'i;lll' rca,.ir-eoLdin:rrr ailoiveneeif this is more favorable. Il c.r'licoris cleclaredrni:siug, pen sion is reikoneci as if hc had died in captivity. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University 772 GOYI-,Rlr -TTIENTAL PBOVISION S F OR,l.tElIRllR S OF !: -\C ^m^c^ mA ;1 -- .rt\ crcra'l rc,\rt c7]I- .: cr t.:.t coulo? () L':m L= 6i cj .S 6i oi- 3vevO:- 3: i Fl iq/ vv F r. \ ir: -.' p- - ha) # C)^O C) -i^ C^ e)e;^ t{ o. 38""3ES".3 ES 'dS tN Pa dY ;1 XC) s .; xP+ ridFie 6ie 60) dd \ NE o;i vvv tt) alo b irqd S €5F *a €a369c3c' ?G r5 +3 CarH @@H .4) @d ts ts.i i:o F@ .S I ^rl h 3c h :a deSe se tFlil \stZ.c H v aFi-v z r:g OF * ;ie a .e Q:.i( o^O^o^c)^ O^ d :: Fe C\(OrOncl(esrO 6l!t kL= Hd CI)NH ID iH 'E Qo" ! l:a i E 'AEaE:lE ca 3 : k: x 9Ez @' o^ E: A + -k x .x q -Y c7 q 7.&' q;. 5 X k 4., (d *n H, HE q) z X Eai! eH5 h - -t o d r,6 S i:1 HQH li a c{5 o v fq .n\ ;':a ..977 d I r'-€ E'FEE Er'do a .o + 'j) 'r' -a. €--N-v,:i 4;i 'Yi H o >6r: h H FQ e. aG 'tA b.: H I F H@ n (t rif q 5E--ditr r bI, D_9 rn f H Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS. 173 Q^ MA =A { + *E !I :- F c scc Sl-\o co fiSHFES EsNf :o =- .J .: ! O -oIEFgE i H: f 2 -r. '{ H? EA€AAe Fe $s$e EFsi.;V 3 i 1 Z ; i -li Fi d Fi AHEEEE { z i,E E.Esrdi Et ig 5 "3 z € : ve +iEEE i i Eu,rVFU R;; 9s 9ftSa 96 86qG U6 ob; cO;oaH €.4 nooc i d d ss d 8$ ri$e3E rE?i€::; 9 + i t !l ri: 2 €;;rg: EE 8a Ra RaRa Ra 5cRA Eg!: H E1 E i;E!t Ni) NH HiI* I\--F jig S i'o iE-rg i€ = ili c\t c\I 6l d -61 Ezi,isa ZE:sFi ;= Eq;i;iB:EEiEEi iF Q.: 9a 9.'=A F-. =^=a i:F Hts bts;H ;iE 5- hiil EI"qin E € s€E#;EHB + ios ioiici ig -r*-rd :b:? z 7 : K KK ot .3rF52: t E i:g!i 3s EEaa € g €EF SEFE€ es i biliE !* ,:,87 i ER;:i n* AI AEiE=rHFH 5;9iE-etE; gisii nfa::qig l iE;;i=Eiti "E*€* i:Ea:EE; :r EfrEEagt' aE ?aE;Ei : i, r€-' E€Eb?;f b. ;f, f; sg,H;i! E 5::s g, EEe.'; fif EgEEi;a na;E iria*}tue E i; Ea*f, i egE:s; iEf;E':ra ;t r*eEs;qiti€; gE ;e ;l EEE:e Ei g.iF;3liE EE:;3EIE€E:q;; E iei5 gE T EEIEHEggIiEEq ?'=iE AEg fiEE:=;n E€s: Ei€aiE;gEE:si[:': Eg:F ?E.EE FE : IETEFE EEEBAfag EFEEEaiEgEiiAE'F EEai aq ; :neElf g€€;s*Saa^a* " BEtt:iijffiFEF€i :a "^E .E; * €I; * -g:€ i fi,E e * krA HPV s- }:*d: g;Ea iii:HIEE,E; EiE'iEiEE +.E7i la atrtVInEE?a E;';EffEfi ro ii €iEiagga€;i :EiEEgaE ;; E;*iEE 5F€l;a? si:€FEgr Fx Es;sp;;l:*€ c iAig k ;i#Fg'3E'G'r. g-q af, 'u'& E l; h .==: n g:; .ll cil- €.: r!o E; n4 ii-E:fi:iEEEiE1iEti€if;i 6 ts g: 33 fi si[Hs:i€ gE ;EEE H[*;Eer;i; k & EsEsa6 t ; :tFaA;EElEd;fEx f; !c Q- .L Ei9E A? Er;;.€ tii* E:€sfr€ 8Efl FE A cL o0l Fr 11 i rF!E Ef!5#!s=:::5F:rF€s?it: {a EEsfrE E ; Z H Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University L74 GOVERNMENTAL PR,OVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF During the interval between claim to a pension and its payment, prrlvision is madc for monttrly payments on account to the indigent dependents of deceasedsoldiers. Grant of these payments is made by the minister of the treasury if proof is given of the urgent need of the cla,irnants through loss of their chief and necessarY support. Such pa,yments ale gran'r,edfor a year but under exceptional circumstances ma.)'be extended. They may not arnount to more than three-fifths of the pension presumably due. In the capital of a Province these payments are made by the local section of the royal treasury and in other communes by the postal officials.1 OTHER SOURCES OF }{AINTENANCE. The temporary allolvance and the renewable allowance given for a disability of Category IX and for the case where definite decision can not bc made on the seriousness and permanence of a soldier's injury, respectivel.1.,rnav revert to the familv in case of the soldier's death according to the apposite articles of the basic pension larv. The temporar;r' alLowance, horvever, can be granted dependents only for so long as it rvas originally granted to the soldier.z l'or the continuance to dependents of the extra pay given with the medal for military vaior application must be made to the division of pensions in the ministry of the treasury. Sons of offi.cers and soldiers deceased from injuries inc,urred in service are given free educational opportunities, board and tuition in military schools anC colleges, ancl prcference for appointments in the Government service. Special preference is given to children of the families most in need. Suc,h share in the pension as a bov may have who is thus bcing cclucated at, thc Governlneilt's expense' is iransferred to the other children cntitied to the pension. Atl minor dependents of offlcers and soldiers under these conditions are exeinpt from school taxes. Daughters of pensionecl sailors or daughters pen:sioned after their father's death reccive at their marriage, in ca:;e they are still under 18, a lump sum as dower equal to one-half the father's annual pen- sion. Daughters of pensioned marines receive similarly not J.essthan 100lire ($19.30).3 ADMINISTRATION. Military pensions, like civil pensions, &re paid from a general pension fund invested in Governrnent securities. To create this fund ull ^ittor pension funtls were consolid:rtcd, Governmeri.t appropria- tions were made, and a s.,vstemof assesstnentinstituted on the sala- ries of all civil ancl rnilitary eurplo,Yees. I Deereeof lioutenant general, Nor'. 12, 1916,No. 1598,Gazetta [Jlhcialo, Nor'. 28, 1916. 2 Dccreeof liertten:intgencrel, Ifay 20, 1917,No, 876,Gazzetta Ulicialc, Juoe 7' 1917. 3 Lal, of Feb. 21, 1595,No. 70, corliirecitext, Cotlici o l-eggi Usuali d'Italia, tr{ilan, Hoepli, 1905. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University MILITARYFORCES AND TEEIR DEPENDENTS' T75 Pensionsare paid monthly by the court of accounts, and all claims must be filed with the generalsecretary' It is not surprising that an administration adapted to the regular to course of businu** iit times of peace should have been unable effort' rneet the strain of the terrific Jemands of the war' Private di As- responded to the general need' and the Consorzio Laziale sistenza ai La"oraIori, rvith the assistance of promine-nt lawyers task and members of Parliament, assumedthroughout all ltaly the its of expediting the claims to pensions and their payment. on side tle Government kras *ud. large increasesin the force of men the employed and used eyery efiort io make headway through enormous arnount of business. The formalities of the old procedure a have been to sorne extent modified in the interest of effi"ciency; decreeof April 2, 7916,canceled the obligation to securea retiremenL a certificate Lefore obtaining a disability pension or allowance, and decreeof May 1, 1916,further simplifiedthe procedure. In the decree of November l'2,1916, the limit set for the payrnent of bheindivid- ual's pension is two Years. mutilated or inaalidedbecausc Scsnour,n 60.-Itnly. Categories of disabili,ty for soldiers of u ar or ":::::of .seradu''l feet only' 1. Loss of four limbs, from complete loss to loss of hands and and one foot' 2. r,oss of three limbs, from complete loss to loss of two hands absolute and perma- 3. Organic and incurable changes in both eyes, with resulting nent blincLiess. only. 4. Loss of upper limbs, from complete loss to loss of both hands faculties to the point of 5. Permanent, incurable ancl serious changes of mental or dangerous to him- renclering the inciividual totally incapable of anv profitatrle work, self or others. marrow) with permanent 6. Lesions of the central nelvous system (brain and spinal togetirer' ptofoylq and irre- consequences serious enough io cause, either singly or and social life' parable disturbance to the functions most necessary to organic of the thighs). Z. Loss of borh lower iimbs (disarticulation or amputation (disarticula'tion or amputa- 8. Loss of trvo lirnbs, tlppc'r and lower on the same side tion of the arm and thigh). absolute and permanent g. organic ancl incurable change in one eye, producing its reduced to the power to count blindne."ss,with the visual acuteness of the other eye vision. the fingers at the distance of ordinary short-distance (disarticulation or amputa- 10. Loss of ari upper and lower limb, not on the same side tion of arm and thigh). - 11. Total loss of one hand and two feet' 12. Totai loss of one hand and one foot' two thumbs and six or 13. Total loss of all the lingers of tri.o hancls, or total loss of seven {ingers' 14. Total loss of one thumb and eight other fingers' two of the other' 15. Total loss of five fingers of one hand antl of the first 16. Total loss of both feet. 't"'-*ffi Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University O}' 176 GOVERNMENTAL PNOVISIONS FOR }IEh{BERS irn C.\TE(i()R\- II. . reriuciion of the Yisual 1. organic and incurable changesin both eyes, with stit:h tiistonce of ordintrry short- acutenessas scarcelyto permit cor]nii.ngof the fingerstt t6e distancc vision. fi'l'solute an Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library' GeorgetownUniversity MILITAR,Y I'ORCES AND TIIEIR, DEPENDENTS. L77 ., CATEGORY III. to reduce the visual acute' 1. Organic and incurable changesin both eyes, such as oJ'normal. ness-;: of f,oth eyes from one-fifthieth to one'twenty-fifth i . O;;i" aud incurable changes in one eye producing absolute and nerlalent frorn one-twenty-lifth to blindo"i., with the vistial acuteness of the other reduced one-twellth of normal. 3. Permanent and serious labyrinthine ver'r'igo' such to interfere mark- 4. Loss of the tonguo ttr its serious and permanent injury, a8 edly with speech and degltrtition' S. l,oss oi or seriorisand permanent cListurbanceof speech. amputation to the upper ;: ;;;; ;i th" leit upperui* o, forearm (disariiculation or third of one or the other). 7. Total loss of the rigirt hand, or total loss oi its fingers' g. Total ioss of five fi.,gers on the two hands, including both thumbs. of the right' g. Total loss of five fing"ersof the left hand and of two of the last four hands- 10. Total loss of the thumbs an CATTCORY V. . i reduce the visual actite- 1. organic ancl incurable changesoI both eyes, such as to nessofbothfromone-twe}fthtoone-fourtlro{normal. and permancnt 2. organic anri incurable changesin one eye producing its absolute of th'e other, under tire blinclness, with incurable change in the paripheral vision l:0735-7i j2 Provided by the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, Georgetown University FOR MEMBERS OF 178 GOVEBNMENTAL PROVISIONS the visual field, so as to leave unimpaired' only form of a concentric restriction of the or to leave lacunae of such size as to occupy central zone or the zone nearestthe center, sectors' half of the visual field, or equivalent ear (bilateral, or unilateral) of a permanent B. purulent affection, oi ir." mitlclle o' proclucioga climinution of tire audi' nature, accompaniedby serious "o-pii.uiioot, at which the speaking voice can l-rehearcl tory functioo. .rr"tr u.1o t"do"" the distance to 50 centimeters. 4. Total ankylosis of the left shoulder' or almost fully exte'lded. 5. Total urrLytori, of the riglrt elbow, fully finger of right hand' 6. Total loss of the thumb u-"d itttlu* lhe left hand or of the first tliree fingers' 7. Total loss ol the last four fingers of tte 8. Total loss of both thumbs' fingers on the two hands, exeluding g. Total loss of one thurnb and of three other the index fingers and the other thumb' other fingers, from the 2 hands' exclucling 10. Total loss of 1 inclex finger uoJ + the other index finger' the thumbs antl the thumbs' of z or 8 fingers of the 2-hands, excluding 11. r,ossof the 2 last phalanges tlie g to i"gut', or those of 8 fingers'inclucling 12. Loss of the uncial phalangesoi ot 'niilti;., by unilateral mediotarsal or of 1 leg to the lower third., or of I foot, either subastragaloidamPutation' feet' 14. Tarsometataisalamputation of both toes, including the great toes. lil. Total loss of the toes, or of B or 9 symptoms' iO. Diruu.es of the heart without manifest 17. Extensive ancl evident arteriosclerosis' uneurisnnsthat do not noticeably interfere ls. Arteriar unuori*. uod a.terio.r""o"t with the functions' r r -- ^!c^^+:^-o of ^{ any onr orgarlsor the lungs and all other tuberculous affections 1g. Tubercrto.i, of a'y of the to be equivalent to the ciisabilities of apparatus, not sufficiently seiious its extent, mav r,e accompanieclbv 1;:H;*:'T:jfi? herniathat, judsrnsby seriousuod put-anent complications' the important articulations' rvhich markedly 2l. Iffeducible dislocation oi one of the joint' impedes the function of to make it are not frequent oI severe enough 22. Epilep.y, the attacks of which of the preceding categories. equivalent to ilre disabilities of any and permanent changes; '-l=:"- its absolute L. organic and incurable "o";;' one-fourLh of the other normal'-or recluced from blinclness,with the visual acutenr:'s to two-thirds of normal' the the peripheral vision in both eyes' uncer 2. organic and incurable changesin fornnottheconcentricrestrictiorrofthevisu.alfieldtosuchaclegreeastoleaveunim.or under the f']rm of zone, or the zone nearest the center' pairecl only the central sectors' of thc visual field' or equivalent lacunae of such size as to occupl'one-half in complete or almost complete ertension' 3. Total ankytosis of the lefi elbow 4.Totalankyiosisoftlrerightelllowincompleteoralmostcompleteflexiclri. fingcrs of the left hand' 5. Total loss of the first 2 of lft" futt 3 oi the one and 2 of the last three 6. Total loss of b fingers oo Z ttuoJr, 'T."l,t#i of 2 other fingers on the 2 hands, toss of I oi the thumbs. togetherwith- tbat other thumb' exciud,ing the index finger and tire with the metacarpal bone corresponding' g. Total loss of the right t6u*t , tog;ther tir"" last fingers on the same hand' or together witb- the toti,I loss of the Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University MILITARYFoRCESANDTIIEIR,DEPENDENTS.IT9 three other fingerson the 2 hands' ex- 9. Total lossof one of the index fingersand of cluding the thumbs and the other index finger' ^ fingers of the right hand or the loss of 10. Loss of the Z last phalangesof the ta.i + excluding the thumbs. the last 2 phalangesof 5 or 6 fingers on the 2 hantls, on the 2 hands, including that of 11. r,oss of the o""lur phalan-geof 6 or z fingers fingers on 2 hands, including that ot Z ihumbs, or the loss of tite uociat phalange ofl l thumb. toes' 12. Total loss of 6 or 7 toes, including the great toe'. 13. Total lossof 8 or 9 toes,including I great resistant to cure' 14. Nephritis, or its permanent consequences' and marked degree' 15. persistent muscrilar atrophy of peiipheral origin contractions, rett&ctions, and 16. X{uscularhernia. rupture of muscles or tendons, 'whenby the altered function of the adhesionsof the muscles,tendons, or apo-neuroses, of important movements' muscle they causemarked and permanent disturbances beingintact, which reduce 1. organicand incurable changeJ;""" "ffi" of:rho normal' its visual acutenessfrom one-fiftieth to one-twelfth 2.Permanentbilateralimpairmentofhearing,unaecompaniedbypurulentaffec- to wf,jch the speaking voice can be heard tions of the mid.clleear. when the distance is reduced to 50 centimeters' with loss of the substanceof the bone . 3. Deep and extensive injuries to the skull, of the brain' in its entire tlickness, withlut lunctional disturbance 4.Totalankylosisoftheleftelbow,incompleteoralmostcompleteflexion. 5'Completeankylosisoftlrearticulation(radiocarpai)oftheright.hand. the thumbs and index fingers. 6' Total lossof + fi,'g",, of the 2 hands, exciuding 7. Total loss of the last 3 fingers of t hand' 8. Total loss of 2 index fingers' 9. Total lossof the right thumb' that of ihe metacarpal bone corre- 10. Totai loss oi the leit thumb, together with the same hand' sponding, or of one of the last 3 fingers oi 2 other fingers on the 2 hands' exclud- 11. Total lossof 1 of the index fiog.r. and oi ing the thumb and the otherindex finger' finger, and^-r of^+ those'L^oo olnr threeI other 12. Loss of the two last phalanges ol tnu index the thumbs, or the loss of the samepha' fingers on the two han'ds,excluding those of laJge, of the last four fingers of the left hand' five fingerson the two hands' including 13. Loss of the uncial phalangesof tttr"" to those of the thumbs. fingers of one hand' or the loss of ths 14. Loss of the uncial phalanges-*""o11 of all the two"hands,including that of one thumb' uncial phalangesof six or nng"r. on the of .".r"o or eight fingerson the two hands' excluding e 15. Lossof the uncial phalanges those of the thumbs. 16. Tarsometatarsalamputation of one foot' the trvo great toes'- 17. Total loss of three to fi.r'etoes, including great ioe, or of all or of the first four 18. Total lossof six or seventoes, inclucling-one toeson one foot. the great toes' 19. Total loss of seven or eight toes, excluding the metatarsal bones corresponcling' 20. Total loss of the trvo great toes, including ptalange of the trvo great toes' together 21. Loss of the two phalangesor the unciat to eight other toes' with tire loss gf tlie uncial pitalattgesof five feet, without deviation anrl wifhout 22. complete ank;iosis (tibiotarsai) of both marked impaiiment of wal'lring' latge knots. and their resuits (not merely 23. \-er1' lar.gevaricn.c vein-,, with many to cure' the consequcnoesof phlebitis), resisiant Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 180 GOVERI{IUENTAL PROVISIONS FOR ilIEMBERS OF CATEGORY VIII. l, Organic and incurable changesin one e)'e (the other being intact) which recluce ics visual acutenessfrom 6 to f of normal 2. Organic and incurable chaugesin the peripheral vision of one eye (the other eye having normal central ancl peripheral vision) under the form of concentric restriction of the visual field to such a degreea,s to leave unimpaired only the central zoneor the zone nearest the center, or under the form of lacun* of such size as to occupy .} of the visual field, or equi.;aient sectore. 3. Scarson tlie {ace or on any othei: part of the liody which are extensive, painful, adherent, or retraetecl cr easily ulcerating, exceptsuch as, hy tlieir seriousness,are equivalent to the infirmities of the preceding categories. 4. Results of lesionsof the mouth, causingimpairments of mastication, deglutition. and speech,together or separately. but not reaching the degreeof Category II, No. 4 or CategoryIII, I'{os.4 and 5. 5. Complete ank.vlosis(radiocarpal) of the articulation of the left hand. 6. Tcta'l loesof three fingers on the trvo hands, excluding thumbs and index fingers. 7. ?otal loss of one of the index fingers, and of another finger of the same hand, excluding the thumb. 8. Total loss of the left thumb. 9. Total loss sf the last trvo phalangesof the index finger together with that of the last two phalangesof two other fingers of the samehand, excluding the thumb 10. Total loss of four or five toes, including one great toe, or of the four last toes of one foot. 11. Total loss of five or six toes, excluding the great toes. 12. Loss of one great toe or of its uncial phalange togetherwith the loss of the uncial phalange of six oi' eight other toes. 13. Complete tibiotarsal ankylosis of one foot, without deviation and rvithout marked impairment of rvalking. 14. Marked contraction (not lessthan 6 centimeters) of a lou'er limb. CATEGORY IX. 1. Organic and incurable changesin both eyes, rvhich reduce their visual acuteness from I to $ of normal. 2. Lossof one of the testicles. 3. Absolute and permanent unilaterai deafness. ,1. Total lossof two of the last three fingerson one hand, or between the two hands. 5. Total lossof ono of the index fingers, accompaniedor not by the loss of one of the last three fingers of the other hand. 6. Loss of the last two phalangesof one of the index fingers, or of those of two other fingers on the two hands, excluding those of the thumbs and of the other index finger, or the lossof the samephalanges of the three last fingers of one hand, or of four on the two hands. 7. Loss of the two last phalangesof the trvo index fingers. 8. Loss of the uncial phalangesof the tr',rothumbs. 9. Loss of the uncial phalange of one thumb. together with that of the uncial pha- lange of another finger of tire hands. 10. Loss of the uncial phalangesof five or six fingers on the trvo hands. exc'lriding the thumbs, or of ihe samephalanges of four fingers on the two liarrd:..includinE one index finger. 11. Lossof one great toc and the metatarsalbone corle,"pondin{. 12. The total iossof trvo or three toeson one or on thc tx-o fet't. inchiding one great toe (rhe corresponding metatarsal bone being intact). or the total lo-osof four toes, excluding the great toes. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FOITCES AND TIIEIR DBPENDBNTS. 181 ' 13. Total loss of the trvo gleat toes, accompdnied or not iry loss oi the uncial phaianges of one or two toes of the same or oi thr: other Ioot. 14. f;oss of one of the E'eat toes" or of the uncial phalanges cif the trvo great toes, togetherwith the loss oi'the uncial phalanges of three or four other toes. 15. Totai loss of the rincial phalanges of seven or eighi toes, excluding the great toes. 16. l{euroses. resistant to cure, except those that by their seriousness are equiva- lent to ihe infirmities of the preceding categories. CATEGORY X. 1. Oicatricial stenosis of the external auricular canal. permanent, bilateral or unilateral, or the total lcrss,bilateral or tinilateral, of the auricle, or other permanent lesions of the auricle n'hich constitute marked deformity. 2. Total ioss of e iittle finger. 3. Total loss of the two last phalangesof two fingers) on one or both hands. exclud- ing those of the thum'bs and index fingers. 4. Loss of the uncial lrhalange of one thumb. 5. Loss of the uncial phalanges of the index fingers, or the loss of the unciai pha- langes of four fingers on the two hands, excluding the thurnbs and index fingers. 6. Loss oI the uncial phalangesof two or three of the last four fingers on'the two hands, inclu REFERENCES. Gazzetta,IJffi.cialo. Tipografia clelle Mantellate. Rome. Ministero delltr,Guerra. Giornale Militare llffi.ciale. Rome. Ministero della Marina. Giornale Ufficiale della Marina. Rome. Ministero di Agricoltura,. Industria e Commercio. Annali clel Credito e clella,Previdenza. Prowedimenti in ma,teria di economia e di finanza ernan&ti in Italia in seguito alla guerra Europea. Series If, vol. 10,parts 1,2,3. Rome. Collezione Celerifera delle Leggi, Decreti, Istruzioni e Circolari. f Stamperia Ileaie. Rome. Raccolttr,IJfifrciale delle Leggi e dei l)ecreti dei Regno d'Italia" Ronrc. Corlici e Leggi Usuali d'Italia. Milan, Hoepli. Bonomi, Ivrrnoe. Le Pensioni di Guerr:r,. Nuova Antologia, Junc i, 1910. Fuschini, G. I'ensioni Civili e Pensioni di Guerra. Nuova Antolo- gi;r,,June 1, 1916. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University L82 GOYERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF NETHERLANDS.l INTRODUCTION. Disability and service pensions and separation allowances aro features of the Dutch defenseacts, as are also pensions to the sur- vivors of deceasedand pensioned soldiers and sailors of all ranks. Tho present separation allowance is 2 florins (80.4 cents) iI duy maximum for the period of the war; it is based on the eaming ca- pacity of the enlisted man, and is not necessarilyrelated to the nurnber of dependents. Disability pensions are for loss of mrlitary capacity as rvell as for loss of civil earning capacity; they Yary rvith the grade of rank and are noncontributory, being paid from Stats funds. Pensionsto survivors are, on the other hand, partially con- tributory, the assessmentsupon those likely to ha,vo depenrienis being in proportion to the pension of the particular grade of rank in caseof the enlisted man in the Army and of the wage class in tho Navy. (Seepage 188.) Widows and children only are specifically mentioned as dependenLs;the amounts paid them are in proportion to their number; and to entitle them to a pension the cleceasedmust have died in discharge of official duties or from wounds in war or service,and within a year of the injury causing death. Separate laws, not discussedin this summary, are applicable to men in the colonial service and to their rvidows and children. SEPARATIONALLOWANCES. Separation allowances are paid to families of th.ose called into training in ths reserves and to volunteers in the militia; as wago earners with families depenCent upon them are not draftecl into the militia there is no question of separation allou'ances for drafted men. l'he allowances are in the nature of bonuses to tho family of the soldier or sailor to compensate for his loss of earnings. The maximum fixed by law is the same for each famiiy, but tlie minister of war exercises discretion below tliat limit in fixing tho amounts, having regard to the differences in the cost of living in difrerent localities and the earning capacity of the man bcfore onlist- ment. Thus it is provided in the laws that the arnount to any farnil.y shall not exceed the difference between thc earnings contributcd by the man to the support of the family and tire amount neccssar\' for his own support. The allo'w'ancesare not a r.latter of riglrt, lruto- matically payable, but rest upon the f:r,ct of dependont,eitirtl trcod. As a matter of fact the maxirnums {ixecl by iarv ila\'.r btort paitl only in a small proportion of the casos. Ii shoulcl bo rrotocl that the amounts have been inoreasecl since mobiiization upcrri the outbleak of the European war. Prior to the war the maritlltltu. ranged from 1 florin (40.2 cents) per day to 2 florins (80.-1cerrts), depending on th" N.th.tl""dt p.;n:;;]' tt' r'tii* n''gttutson' "" "';, Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University DEPENDENTS' 183 MILITARY FORCES AND TTIEIR tras period of th?, war the maximum the class of service; but for the cents) a day for all classesof recently been fi*"d'at 2 florlrru ?so.+ ttfit-'i-paration the war and navy a[owances are administered by direct payment takes each in their o# tftt*.; b:l dcpartments The laws being general in place throug6 ;;; ;-yors of "o*ir""...a"d circulars of the dopartments thoir terms, ,]-o*t'oo' dec'ees define tho scope of the allowances' of allowancesas having the lvhile the mayors-f,r*t-ftand make th" ;;*ent1 about the dependonts in any best accessto infor*utio" ,"u' broke out that dissimilarities case, it was found soon after ittu ofadministrationw.ere.","p'''gi,,.Therynisterofwarwasinter-^p;;ii;;*rrt on December 15, 1914,2and pellatecl or, 't * ,J;u.-t i" of the recently organized commit- then promised to use the services two 'o*Lk* later he directed relief in the different Provinces; tees on in the cost of living should U* gi"." to differences that consideration on 1llarc]n12' fixini of the amou'ts p-t-+''^ irr clifierent cities in the to directed the relief committees 1g15, the rninister of *urirr"-ulso of sailors'n prt:irt- ullowu""es-to the dependents Theseparationallowanceshavebeenlessthanthemaximausuallytho io. uru*ple, in octoberr.1915, fixed by law. In Amstu"au.rr, a,Yerageweeklyallowanc*pu"-*ungrantedto2,Sg3mobilizedmenearnings be esti- 8.42 florins ($3.40); the pt"r"ilr?weekly lo1ld rvas 10'43 florins ($+'zo1 florins ($Z'oo'Y'ua difierence of mated at 18'90 separation thJ'po*ibl* and the betweon tho amount of "u*iog* ttiT?il:"Jugirrrrirrg to supple- of the war private relief was necessary *us supplied b{:n:-Tlal Na- menr rhe allowances.GThis "lfiuf Sl*uttto^it6)' organizedon tional llelief Colmittee (Kon. Nationaal 1914,7and composedof repre- initiative of the Quee', t,,go,t 6' the o-rganizations' It was of varioo.-rn"iui ,*f|r- and labor sentatives is itself a voluntary to coordinate private relief work,'aud' created. subsidized8 from charitabl. ;;;iation, although privately .r.,ppo.i*cl timetot,rmeoytheGovernment;itssecretaryisaministerofstate.w.ageearners has generul and afiecting all Relief work of a loca' "ttu"u"ter*onlri,ution. T}re national and been much exterrdeddrrring bodies-ha,\'e, -llL"yers tc of labor-which uru offi.ial "Tq"* councils ottt'*i' '*;i;t:":-TTi:::::'*:t":,ff""JJ;iJ:: pa-vwasc, to tt o'* rraspasscd ares,rutior iiJff;.T ;:oH"#;;ffi;";;il;;;,,s orners liherrague,1e15, vor'10, p' 11' il;11]"'l"t"rl,i,'l;lllh?H;:]iiffi;'Ji'oo,ausratisriek, a Idein, p. 117. r Idem, p. 405. 1915'vol' 7' S>'4-o' Voornaantste bescheiden'The Ilague' 6 lion. Nltionaal Steunconitd 191-1: lrague,rer-r' v,L e'p ti2ti' li#:,lli,l,;il;l',lil;r",1'.r r,u..*,,voor de starisriek,'fho 8Idem, 19lil, vol.9, PP. S'1'1,5-lD' s Idem, 1914, vol. 9, P' otil' Provided by the Maternal and Child Heatth Library, Georgetown University 184 covERt(MEr{TAL pRovrsroNs FoR, MEMBERS oF to pay its men in service rvho holcl no commission three-fourths pay Iess any amounts the Government rn&y contribute. Wages of State employeescalled to B,rmshave been continued for not exceeding eight and one-half months a y€ar while in service.r Other instances may be cited, for a curiiory examination of the journal of the Dutch statistical ofiice (Maandschriftvan het Centraal Bureau voor de Sta- tistiek) shows alnong other things that since the outbreak of the war unemployment benefitshave been extendeclin their scope; that cost of living bonuseshave been paid to families in need; that the State on occasionhas fixed maximum prices of certain of the more impor- tant necessities;and that export embargoeshave been invoked, all in the attempt to ofrset the burden of high prices falling upon the wage earner. Finally, wives of those in the militia who are themselves wage earnersiwill be protected by compulsory sickness insurance, which grants benefits for care in cases of confinement or of miscarriage. This law, enactedJune 5, 1913 (Staatsblad203), but, not' yet in forco so far as known, will grant benefits of 70 per cent,of the daily wages, beginning with the first day of illness and cover a period not exceed- ing six months. Benefits are refused, however, if the pregnancy occurred earlier than six months before insurance was taken out, or if the miscarriage took place within six months of the beginning of the insurance. The benefits are raised by contributions, half from the employer and half from the employee; the half share of each \rage earner irrsured ranging from 0.25 florins (10.1 cents) per month to 2 florins (80.4 cents) per month, according to his earnings. The highest class of wage earners included under this systern of benefitsreceive 3.50 florins ($t.41) a doy; the lowest rvagerecognized is 70 centimes (28.t4 cents) u dqy, and those below that, grade may be exempted from taking out the insurance. RETIREMENT PENSIONS AND PENSIONS tr'OR DISABILITY.2 Disability and long-service pensions are paid to all officers and enlisted personnel in both Army and l{avy for wounds or injuries in service involving loss of rnilitary capa,cityor earning power or for continued years of service. The basic pension acts at present in forco werepassed on June 9,1902, and have sincebeen frequently arnended; thev were codifiedin a decreeof Moy 10, 1915(Staatsblad No. 217). The provisionsof an earlieract, of March 21, 1896(Staatsblacl No. 50), are still in effect as regarcisthe organization of the perision boards. The provisionsof this pensionlegislation covering both the land and sea forces are quite identica.lin terrns, having been enacteclaircl amended t Maandscirrift van het Centraal Bureau voor do Statistie\ 'lho H.tlgue, i91i, vol. 10, p. 1019. r Seo Schedulo 61, ou anrrual pensions to oflicers and their rvidows and cliiltlrr:n, p. 190,and Schedule62, p. 192, ou annuai pensions to noncommissioned officers and oiher en]isted rncn. Provided by the Maternal and Chitd Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FoRCES AND TIIEIR, DEPENDENTS. 185 concurrently from time to time. The laws of 1902 cover, besides disrability utt,l lor,g service of enlisted men and offi.cels,also tho matt'er of survivors' penJions to tlie wiclows and children of officers, while for the tlre laws of June 29, 1909 (StaatsbladNos. 202,203), provide to the establishrnent of a speciai fund for the pavment of pensions witlows ancl cirildrun of voluntar5zenlisted men' There is no problem bt- as to the payrr,ent,of pensions lo the survivors of drafted men, co,*seonly tirose having no clependentsare drafted. Pensions for lengtf, of ,ervice are granted to offi'cersof the line in the in both Army a,od\avy aftcr 40 years of service; to officers years, Hospital Corps after 30 years; and to all enlisted men after 30 in uit c&sesthat, officers have reached the age of 50 and frnoia*a service enlisted men the age of 45. Partial pensionsfor fewer years of are also granted as shown in the appended tables. Disability pensions are paitl for loss of militaly capacity resuiting from *oor,.{. in war or from clischargeof offi.cialduties while training; and for disability for servico from ot'her causes not' voluntarily brought about or the result of gross carelessness. pension A l'f,rll pension" is fixed for each grade of rank, which for each becomesthe basis for computing the amount of t'he pension pension is clegreeof disability or loss of earning capacity; this b_asic earning inc]reasedby one-half its amount,for permanent total loss of eyes; capacity u.toropunied by the loss of two or more limbs or both u"A b; one-fourth for Dermanont, total loss of earning capacity of one limb. It'becomes t'he actual amount' coopled with tho loss ' pu,ii for total pel.manent,loss of earning capacity, ancl for completion service pensio_ns.ut9 ft tnu requirei- years of servico upon which .'.ot- ditioned. Similar amounts, u* ubo"e for permanent total disability, amount' are paid for tempora.rytotal disabiiity aslong as it,lasts. The year for tho of the basic peit*ion-variesfrom 240 fr"orins($96'48) a ($z+t.20) for lowest grade in both Army ancl l{avy up to 600 florins pension the highest grade of noncommissionedoffi.cer. The highest' year' The in eit'her the Army or the N*vy is 3'000 florins ($1'206) a accom- varying amounts ior each graCe of rank are set, forth in the panying tables. Three-fourths of the basic pension is paid for partial loss of earning years capacity; trut, this amount, may be increased according to the of the of-rervice, amounting, in the case of offi.cersto one-fortieth one-thirtieth basic pension rnultiplicd by the years of service; and in the caseof enlisteclrnen. caso The service pensionsvarv with tho years of service, but in no in question' are theyless than one-half of tlt* basic pensionof the grade tho two Trh* p*nsion is grarrted to officers as of the rank heid for has ntlt years next precedlng retirement; but if the particular rank prior theroto' L..n filled for two cJnsecutive years, then f.r the rank prior If, however. the rank has becn filled for six consecutivsverarc Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University FoR MEMBEBSoF 186 covEnNMENTALPnovrsroNs junior lieut'enants of the first to retirement a bonus is paid (1) to in the Army' equal class and captains in the i{avy'and to captains (z) to all other offi"cersin to ono-sixth of their basic pension, una bothAr*yandl{avyrangingfromtheabovegradesdowl.to.thatof Fuithermore, it the rank corporal, one-terrth lt tft. basic pension. filled for more t'han six for which the pension is granfud has been an additional pension years, the first;;-tn abovo are allowed ""*".U mo1.ethan 12 years i* *u.5 year iriu*.|*, of six-but, not reckoning pension, and t'hose in in the grade-of one-thirty-sixth of their basic the secondgrouP one-sixtieth' who have been in the All enlisted men in either Army or Navy pension-of10 por cent serviceas years u*u gruoted a.oppl*-ontary of service, 2A per ce*i;' of their ba,sicp."*ioti, and after +0 y.ttt for service in diiTerent' In countirrg yuur* of service credit is givon in csrtain civil emplo.vrnents branches of tt *'J*iense forco, for service in the colonial service' In on public works and fortifications, and reckoned' Service beforo the iast-named. instance double time is nor is time spent on leavo the sixteenth year of ago is not, calculated, tirne is counted certain or releasefrom official luties. Tlhere double each year oJ service-counted flat, increasesin pensionsare allowed;for officers; 28 florins double: 75 florins ($aO'rS; for commissioned the Navy; 25 florins ($tt.zo; to" assistantengineers in "rrgr;*rr"ota corporal; and 15 ($10.05) f"" offi.cers"orherthan ";;;;;;i*rior,.d dorin, ($O.os;for all other enlisted rrrerl' Amongot,herprovisionsclefiningpensionrightsmaybementioned for dishonorablo conduct or that v'hich d,irects tho loss of peit*ion pensio' in certain instances' a^iJt urg.; urrJprovision for a temporary PENSIONS TO WIDOWS AND CIIILDREN'I antl sailors and offrcers' widorvs and children of deceasedsoldiers dying cut of the service' are en- and o{ those retired on a pension and the resuit of wounds in war or tittecl to a pension if d*uih has been duties, provided death injuries in servico or discharge of offlcial of the injury rvhich causcd it' occurs within u j"", of the hafrpening or coll'atera'lsas dependents' No provision is made for arclrrdants (1) widovrsor children pr:ovided Those not entitled to a pension are inst'ance those .{ men in tire for frorn i""cls, as for "th;;";;".io" a discharged ofhcer or soldier colonial service; (2) rviclorv,*urri.ol to (3) legitiniale or legitimated or sailor after his fifty-sixt,h year; and the f;f tr -sirth l'-ear of ago children of a mariage contrl,ctei u,fte" (4) *'iclor-s tilo ha'e married a of the .lir"hurg;t;?etireci forty; illegitiinate clildren are by discharg.d rruln or retired Jm.*t; tul are (6) ciulchetl over 18'years implication u*.toded from benefits as ugu and (7) those younger if rnarried' "t ';; ffi;";;";in'*i""'*lt;;;;;"d other onlisted men. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University DEPENDENTS' 187 MILITARY FORCES AND TIIEIR and children of commis- The amounts of the pensions foilwidows accorcling-to the:?"\ of ths sioned officers are flat' u*o""t' graded of dependents' The highest' deceaseduoa of the ,i**b*" ".grrat.r. or l{avy-it r' t sOflorins ($462'30)' survivors' pensiJnin either the Army general and a r''ice admiral' paid to the ."ia"*, and childrun of a widow's pension is never in For enlisted men in the Army thJ oi tlu gradg cf rlnk of the excess of one-h"ii the basic purgiotr "t calculation t'hebasic pension deceased;but for the purposesof tttit is never reckoned in excess of of the highest class of .oiirt.d man pensionfor the widow of 440 florins ($176'88),so that the maximurn anenlisted.mancannot,exceed220florins($ss.++;ayea,r.Tlre and thero is added to pensionsof tho;idows and chil,lren cumulate, the basic pension of the the widow's pension certain proportions,of limiiation as above' Theso deceasedsubject to the same *u"i*o* with each child up to fivo' proportions for the children lt.r.ur* togcther with the actual They uru .ho*"-l; the table following Jpecifled number of children amounts which would be paiJ to each pension of an enlisted of a deceasedfather entitled to the maximum already explained' m&n, or 440 ft;;i"t ($176'88) as numberof chr't'r}ren proportionof bance,*ri,\iTl,T{;#,',y*f';f}:ii,,?{o:,X:h:o'^rteit Proportion ol Dlaxl- mum basic Amount of anuual Ponsion' Number of childron. Pension, 440florins. ($176.88). 8/40 88 florins ($35.38). 1 child 11/40 121 florins ($48'64). ($61.91). 2 children - 14l40 r5-1florins 3 children - 17l4O iE7 florins ($75.17). 4 children ?fil40 220florins ($E8.44). 5 or more childrcn- or if th,e children ale completely If the widow dies or remalries, ol,tlt Erade or rank of the orphaned, the p;;4-" * nension 9t *oold be intitted rvould be as deceasedfather tar which the chifdr"n follorvs: 'r"nrmberorru*v proportion"v*yffi:# ffif#f,'Yi:rirofitf,'fh!,t'!lii,i!!,;o;H:o ?roportion l of maxr- 1 mum basic I Amount of anuual Pcnsion' Number of children' pcnsronr i 410 florins I ($1?6.E8).I 10/10 1t0 florins ($44.22)' 1 child. 15/10 1ti5florins ($66.33). 2 children nl40 220florins ($88.4+). 3 or more children" - Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 188 GOVER]{1\,IENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF '-l-ireexamples above are for the maximutn possiblepension which survi.vols of enlisted perstllilIel can rec:r-:i.vtt.As sht-lrvnby the trppenclecltables the basic pensionsdifter botweenthc various grades oi r*ttk, being in sornec'ascs as low as 240 floriris ('i"N96'48)'in which c;asethe widow's pension1'ould be 120 florins ($48.24)& Year. 'lhe amounts of the bar,sicpensions for clifferent ranks of ihe enlisted survivors' -penrion*personrrel in the Navy for the purpose of calculating are not flxed according to the grade of rtmk but, according io tfie wage classof the enlistedman. The different c]asstlsgrouped accorclingto monttrly rvagesand the amounts of the corresponding basic annual pensionsare as follows: I. 65 florins ($26.13)and over, 440florins ($176'88)' II. 55 florins ($ZZ.tl) but less than 65 florins ($26.13),400 florins ($160.80). III. 3S florins ($15.28)butless than 55 florins ($22.11),360 florins ($144.72). IV. 28 florins ($11.26)but, lessthan 38 florins (, 15.28), 250 florins ($1oo.50). V. Lessthan 28 florins ($11.26),200 florins ($80'40)' 'fhe pensions of widows a1C children form the same proportion of the obo.r* basic pensions of the difierent, wage classesas they form of the basic pension of the grade of rank in the Army; but' herc the classification is by \Magesrather than rank' The rnost probable reasonfor this changeof basis is that in the Navy so many It ttr* enlisted merl peCorm occupations common to civil life, and clistinctionsthus becomeoccupational rather than military' 'lhe ranks probably included in thefirsi wa,geclass above are warrant, o{ficer,sergeant major, and engineermajilr; in class II, engineman' sergeant,Jn,l warrant,engineman;in classIII, fireman of first grade, ur.f in classIV, fireman, oiler, and seaman;while in class V, are"orpor.al; included probably onl.v the lorvest rank occupations, appren- tices' etc' Mrsc'r,rAlpous pRovIsIoNS. As already noted pensionsf'or clisability and long servicefor both oflicers and enlistecl personnel are noncontributory I pensions to survivors of offi.cersare likewise noncontributory; whilc those for survivors of eruisted personnel ar() parbially contributory. Parlia- rnentary appropriations sullpty any deficiencies' ,q.n eirtisi..l -.tt in the Army ancl Navy who are iikely to have to contribute dcpenclentsas claimants to a pension LLrerequired _ 6/100 a,year of the basic pension o{ their gradeof rank in the Army or wagc"classin ,thc Navy, irut not,exceeding 26.40 florins ($10'61) o y.or:; all pensionedsoltli.r'* .,o sailors contribute 3/100 a year',but not'exceeding 13'20 florins ($s'91) a year' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health'Library, Georgetown University ]VIILI ARY FORCES AND T'I{EIR DEPENDENTS. 189 AII pensions are forfeiteti if not claimed within five years; they are payable quarterly. They are not subject to seizurefor debt,other than riebts for necessarics,nor can they be assigned. No provision is rnads for lump-sum PaYmcnts. The thrcc schedulesappended set forth the details of this pension legislation. REFERENCES. Staatsblad van het Koninlaijk dcr Nederlanden, 1896, 1901, t9A2,1909,1915, 1916' l9l7- The Flague,1897-1917. Maandschrift van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistik, 1910 to date. The Hague, 1910to date. Staatsaimanak Yoor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, 1915. The I-fague,1914. Koninklijk Nationaal Steuncomit6, 1914. Voornaamste Be- scheiden. The Hague, 1915-1917. Vols. 5,7,8, 9. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University oF PnovrsroNs FoR MEMBEBS GovERNMEI{TAr' (D 190 c) o ?ue,E?;{#;!?i,tl rii I i Zzl'.:zi??&a N i\ \iEii:ea3aiac#"EiagiFE:'6 A c) r i- \Ht.HEtrgEiEEEsElE*E;c'z =: :,1 H a6 N. o F ii___--- $fnfefli:gi E-E li -aEEzE \ :*'*"F-''sssaocBE '\ "i/t=a Fe, ii I \ F e il I I ='7uti17az*7ia EaE\\,l q I st'i;e=g:;e'-"snris!-n'-ErE1 i :sE\\€l e \ agAi+z;i=,7,i#l .I- . -o\d EEl[;\=*-=a- - cr EEe\l , \ i !g\i 1 E I :Elrz.o * EE\\\ EE I E+Z;* E eE, \\ \ EE I g:'1;iz ;. @ tla[€\rqE\r 3p:,q; et *\Ee"\ E.'e.E\ ^ 'rrrO eE AI E\ ;is \_#ff_si:ir:::rr:rra:g:3ba-a ':=.: iigii ===*::ffi )-"iti {;E\i ic-l F:qil is--E\?Eslirpi; €*?iA1=elalal.3la=t=$ =v iP'u'f:'s="4= Li. iie\i ;72;i;ffi:-i:=i cn E cl lge\\ aEE4zEle\ :Pil:ere;a:a:Ysoe? se:"aEzas1, 'r ' E i $ \\ ,a,e 'cu E l , , og3;\\ I ;i { is1:: : *l s? [E E \3!gE,iiii ii !q) \E,i__ \ ;:",i-=:-i'-,#-z:zz7 ii I E : : a : t. = ri, \ E : : z772itE =.1,-z:ZZZzE=ai \:'ll i , i \: =+'i = a ;'a l1-:g I =:z=.7>zZ qEb?*:i ji I 1:-'i= iia'n'ra c l' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY ITOBCES AND TTIEIB DEPNNI)IIN'I'S 191 bE*E;$>,9'c€ h.:: X r=r= - ti Ee:*i a n^O^-H Ef;!$-- F-2'.";o.. ,-t...3 L - € E:5g-E 3 386:ii"3 'a:EtE ""i EEEi romrirOrOan (O,r.<9. I i d d( ;6 d( v v v t Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 192 GO\rERn.IYEN'IAL PBOVISIONS f'OR' MEMBERS OF i I g:fr"EE a HE:EI ; Fq:Es€ag E:*:€ cA sE€g;;g.isa:*r:c 4 j s h o) €€F;eagiFfiE;EgHg* *.i (: :r! ; beE:EEsEnBsHE#:s *F ; c.i o'i { -rqsf grglglg#b L y.). HEg' gs "qH tr o6 J.:lq figfi;HPE e \-r E:-EE:E HE:* 5!? CN gFn- E E7 *'5n'i H."c .,1 "E455 H E.E e,E'g,HsE 3 P d"E @ Ra7 tr] ,:'ai ii \.c3: €.r VA gege?egeRe '\J:9 :?O! RetsERge8aRe I i.i'a.: I Y=dt F ; H6SF iFiEdg I d;iFi88 F 8; a g 9]9y333 v .:i9 a d -?i, I l-l ePv oooIoro ,F oac\ov) \o ro ro <{ .ar g? nroro-tr$ R$; bo Gid o.zA ! E 3: -ai:r*H sOH-@V '! ?' -h b P.- o E';vg c6R': ,!3 oEi€ Y! k^ (, a a u h F h Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University v ,l ; - EDginenxan (se4ioant 400 600 500 400 of service ln 60 400 tion of enlist- l. Noncommissioned oficers (160.80) (2O1.00) (160.80) (160.80) Q47.n) excess of 10 mcnt Deriod, aholo . corporal boldjnS Engineman (co:poral). 300 540 450 360 years. is 300 rofusal ofmilis rarui ot o,lscnorsg b Years o { (144.72) (217.08) (180.90) (t44.72) (ru.?2) ter of war to re- set lumD sum- bonus of Englncmsn (cr rporol, 340 5r0 425 340 15 340 6ne-sixtli of basic pctrslon: sccOn(lctlss ). (136.68) (m5.02) (170.85) (136.68) ,'.t (136.6s) others one-tonth: lor ea,ch I Fircmon (corporal)..- 340 510 425 340 3{0 y€a,r additiolal up. to 12 in (136.6.9) (205.02) (170.85) (136.68) (136.(8) arenotfilc(l ranK tormer get ad(lrtlcral Fircmanoilcr.".-...- 300 450 375 300 45 300 No p$rsion less oension of on-e-thirtv{ixth (120.60) (180.90) (rN. (120. (120.(i0) c (! /cl 60) than one-hall of 6f base, latter one-sixtietU. H i Fireman, first clms - - . 3Q0 450 il00 300 btlsic pension. Grades of soltUer and se*- 7 ( l20. 60) (180.90) (150. ?5) (120.60) (r20.00) mm afterSSvearsin servicc ra Fireman, second class 280 4X) 350 280 43 280 10 Der cent'of baso addi- t (rr2.50) (168.84) (140.?0) (112.56) (ll2. 56) tlonal, and after 40 ycars, (D Fireman, tb.ird clms. -. 240 360 300 u0 45 210 20 per csnt each year. Ft (96.48) (l4L?2) (120. tj0) (96.48) (96.48) . ,ssistant fireman..... 240 300 300 240 ,15 0 l=d (06. 48) (144.?2) (120.60) (96.48) (06.48) Apprentico fireman.... 240 360 300 240 .15 240 (e6.48) (144.72) (120.60) (96.48) (96.48) q2 I All pensionsare c&lcrrlatedon I he hasie pension. ts t Or iirepacitv m delincd in sl inulstior 3. \ o a Thirty jears of servico req rrircil frrr all enlistcd men, except whon coupled with slight d isrbil il l , in which cNo generalstipulat ion 3 epplies. - . gtipulaiions 1 and 2 apply to diebility pensions only; 3,4, md 5 apply also to seruie pcnsioris. u m FF (D- 6 - z6 Fl Z1 - d HI o Fl OQ G H { c|9 (D r., th H r.l Scsnour,s 83.-Nethsrlands, Annual pensions to widows and,children of noncommissionedofi'cas and otha' enlisted men. H |r o fsource: Laws of Jme g, 1902 (Staatsblaal 8?, 90) anal subsequent amendments as codifed h the decree oI May 1Q 1915 (Staatsblatl, 217); laws of J e [Amouts outslde of permtheses are in florins; amomts inside oI parentheses &re in dollars.] '!\ridows Full orrrhans and chiltlren of md chlldren.2 o re-manied widorv. z 3 r- Basic Branch of service and grade oI deceased. pension Generalstinulations. 4 o of rank.l E Fl E z of basl l-l 4 of basic fo of basl It oi basj 18 F pension. pensroD pcnsron pen$on r H Army (ranks) : Warrant omcer- -.- - -.. - - - 600 220 88 721 154 187 220 110 165 22Q (241.20) (88.44) (35.38) (48.64) (61.e1) (75.17) (88.44) (44.22) (86.33) (88.44) Sergeantmajor....- - - - -. - 500 220 88 l2r 154 t6l 220 110 toD 220 !t2 (201.00) (88.44) (35.38) (48.64) (61.91) (75.17) (88.44) (44.22) (06.33) (88.44) 400 200 80 110 140 770 2W 100 150 200 (44.22) (56. (68.34) (80.40) (40.20) (60.qg) (80.40) IF (160.80) (80.40) (32.16) ?l) z -t 300 150 60 83 ruo 128 150 150 U) o (i20.60) (60.30) (24.12) (33.3?) (42.2r) (51.46) (60.30) (30.15) (45.43) (60.30) I{ospital orderly- 280 140 oo 77 98 119 140 70 105 140 (112.56) (56.28) (22.5r) (30.e5) (s9.40) (47.84) (56.28) (28.14) (42.2r) (56.28) 240 729 48 66 84 102 120 60 90 120 - (96.48) (48.24) (r9.30) (26.53) (33.?7) (41.00) (48.24) (24.72) (36. 18) (48.24) oro 220 88 t2L 154 1E7 220 110 loD 220 (88.44) (44.22) (66.33) (88.44) Ft (88..14) (35.38) (48.64) (61.91) l' Death of husband in time of E 600 220 88 t2L 154 187 220 110 165 220 d"ischaree of (44.22) (66.33) (88.44) rrar or $'hi.le in - (241.20) (88.44) (35.38) (48.64) (61.9r) (75.r7) (88.44) official duties. Sergeanl---.----- 500 220 88 Lzl 754 187 220 110 r65 220 death within (88.44) 2, Occu'rence of v) (201.00) (88.44) (35.38) (48.64) (61.91) (88.41) (44.n) (68.33) one veor of cause thereof, Constabulary, first and second clas$ -- 450 220 88 121 154 16/ 220 110 IDD 220 (88.44) , Forleiture of pension upon H/ (180.90) (88.44) (35.38) (48.64) (61.9r) (75.7i) (88.44) (44.22) (66.33) remamage oI moo!v, o Constabulary, third class... -.... - - -':.] 240 r20 48 66 84 102 120 60 90 720 . TerminAtion of Dension to (90.48) (48.24) (19.30) (26.53) (33.77) (41.00) (48.24) (24,12) (36.18) (48.24) Fl children at completed eight- Navv- (monlhlv oav classes): I e.enth year, or uponmardage, oe L 65 florhi (i:0.13) md orer (wer- 440 220 88 t2l 154 110 165 220 younger. (D (88. 1r rallt ol1iccr., scrgeant major, I (176.88) (88.44) (35.3s) (48.64) (61.91) (88.44) <44.22) (66.s3) 4{) engineer major), I { - (D - o 4 rI ll II. 55 florins ($22.11)but less thm 65 400 200 80 110 140 170 2N 100 150 200 o dorLri ($26.13),inclilding cn- (160.80) (80.40) (32.16) (44.22) (56.?8) (68.34) (60.40) (10.20) (60.30) (60.10) {lnemen, sergeant, and war- rant eilgineer. I III. 38 ftorins*($15.28) but less than 360 180 99 t26 155 180 90 135 130 55 florins ($22.1t), includiDg (r44.72) (72.36) (28.94) (39.80) (50.65) (61.51) (72.36) (36. 18) (51.21-) (72.36) fireme.r (first) ud ranks of (D corporil. IV. 28 fbiins (S.11.2,i)but lcss than 38 25[) 125 50 69 88 107 t25 63 94 725 d florins (915.28),inciuding fue- (100.50) (,50.25) (20.10) (2?.74) (35.38) (43.0r) (50.25) (?5.32) (50.25) mc!, oilers, and seamen. ts V. Less than 28 florins ($11.25),in- 200 100 40 55 ?0 85 100 50 75 100 Hr. (D cluding apprenlices and low- (80. 40) (40.20) (16.08) (22. Lt) (28.14) (34.17) (40.20) (20.10) (30.15) (10.r0) H Ft est-rank occupstions. tsr-l I On this basic pension ot the grade of rmk oi the deceased are computed the amounts of lhe p€nsions of the vido*'s ard children; but for purpose of calculation the Lasic I ($l?6.88). -Dension neYer er(eed{ 440florins q 2 Tho Dension of tbe widou'and that of the children cumulBte if both survive. H o a ts z -FF o H tr - F Ft tr E ,4 - H z HI !.1 o 6 Ft oa o { CI t! F! ut 196 GOVER,NMENTAL PN,OVISIONS FON MEMBER4S OF RUSSIA.I SEPARATIONALLO\TANCES.' The separation allowance to an officer's family consists of (1) assigned pay-such part of the officer's salary as he himself may determine, abovc a minimum fixed by the Govcrnment at one-third; (2) ten rublcs ($5.15) pcr month for servant's wages; (3) either an apartment or rent aJ.lov,'ance,varying in amount fron 1,692 rubles ($870.69)to 102 ntblcs ($52.49) according to the rank and duties of officer; and (4) a gratuib'y and traveling expensesin casethe family is compelled by military circumstances to leave their place of residence. In case the officer is taken prisoner onc-half of his salary is paid to his family. In families consisting of aged {f the absence of wife and children, parents, brothcrs, and sisters, if they arc dependent on the off.cer, are entitled to the allowance. The separation allowance is paid at the end of each month, either by the Army unit to which the offi.cer belongs, or, in case this is impra,ctitable, by the local military authorities. The separation allowa.ncesto families of enlisted men, as provided by the law of June 25, 1972,3are regulated as follows: Each person receiyes each month the cash value of the following products: 68 pounds of flour; 10 poundsof grits; 4 pounds of salt; and 1 pound of vegetable oil.a A child under 5 years of age receivcs one-half the amount. Apparently no allowance is paid to the families of men serving their required term.5 ! The Russim material hm been prepared by Miss An:ra Kalet. 2'fhovalueoftherublousedintlxsreportisthatofnormaltimes,namoly,$0.5146. OnJuly1,1917,tho exchmge value of tbo ruble had frrlien to 80.2325. Ailowances alld pensions to ofrcers and enlistred mon in ths Russian Amy and Navy and to their familis are bsed on the milrtuy codo of 1869,odition of 1910; on the orders of Au$rst 20, Sopt€mber 4, November 23, and Novomb€r 27, 1911; oD the laws of June 23 and 25, 1912; on the temporary orders ol August 17 and November 17, 191.1;on ths laws of Novenber 3, 1914, and on a law oI 1916, printed in th6 Coliection ol Government Larrs and Regulations ( Sobranie Uzakonionii i Rasporiazhenii Pravitelstva) July 16, 1916. lccording to bJormation lrom tho United States Dopartmont of Stato the new Russim Govenrmsnt considers tho present proyision for soldiers'families unsatisfactory and is prepa,ring a simplifiod atrd more liboral system which, it is hoped, \ilill tako eff€ct in tho autumt oI 1917. I Svod Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii (Codified Laws oI Russia), edited by Dobrovolskii, St. Pct€rsburg, 1913,Vol. III, supplenent ffi, p.2?l4II. { Tho m@suo usfll is tho Russian pound, wldch equals nino-tenths of a pound avoirdupois. 6 The monthly pay of iln enlisted man (lowost grade) in time of war is 75 kopoks (39 conts) and lor a non- commissionod ofrcer (highest $ade), I rxbles ($4.63). Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity MILITARY FORCES AND. TIIEIR D.EPENDENTS. 197 Scsnntrrn 64.-.Russia. Stparation ullou,ancesto faniltes oJeitlisted mgn.r [Russian pomds outside parenthesesl American pcruds inside parenthesos.] Recipients. Amount fiemarks. Military pereons. Members ol lanilies entitled. Enlisted mer in -{rmv and NaYv: l. Reservists called to wm \trife mtl children (le- A moneterv allowmce Chrldren over 17 re- servico. gitimato only); pa- por capito per month ceivo tho allowmco 2. Soldierscompelled on a.c- r€nts, grar.dparetrts; 6oml to tho cGt of only if thov- ue inca- count ofwar tc remain in serr- sucn as wer€ Dron- th:o following provis- pacitated; rnarried i(:o aft6r comploting required oqs,ly supported by ions:68{61.2-lpormds d.aughters receivo no cerm. sotorer. fiour. 10 (9) pounds allowanco in a,ny 3. tr{embers of the militia trits:4 (3.6)'(.9) -pomdbomtls cm. - md roluuteers in actiro sen ialt,' I - Ths cost of these Drod- ic€. veg.)tablo oil. Eilh ucts is dol,erdiqetl child uuder 5 vears for each locality. old receiYes hii{ of this aUowa,nce. I Summary basod on l8w of Juo 25, lgl2, r€printetl iu Svod Zakonov Rosiiskoi Imperii (Codi-0ed Laws oI_Russia;, oditod by Dobrovolskii, St. Petersburg, 1913,Vol. lll, supplemont 56. p.27I{ fl; orders ofAug. r, l9i4,reprinted in C.\-. Sovorinl'Rmdnyo Ofit/eryi-Ni,-hnie Chiny, Petrbgrad, 191a,pi. ?iflihlq,r?lu I'he following mernbers of the family are entitled to the allowance: Wife and,phildren, parents and grandp&rents, but only such of these latter as \yere preyiously supported by the soldier. Allowances are granted to iegitimate families only. The necessaryfuncls a.re transmitted from the treasury of each provincial govcrnment to tho treasuries of tho districts into which the Province is divided, and thcre giveu out under receipt to the representativeofficial of each municipality or township. PENSIONS. DISABILITY PENSIONS. The law of June 23, l9l2,t proyiding pensions to officers in the Army was extended on November 3, 1914,to include nayal offi.cers. 'lhe pensiorlsarc divided into trvo classesaccording to the seriousness of the disrbilitv involved. Thoseof the first classarc due to men who are permanently incapacitated and require tho constant care of alrothel person. For such disability due to war, regardlessof the lcngth of his scrvice.or for such disability incun€d in peacetime after 25 years of selvice, the offi.cerreceives his salary and in addition the table monevand supplementaryallowancedr&wn bjhimwhile in activo service. Accolcling to tire data for 1913 this pensionwould vary for generalsfrom 4.200rubles ($2,161.32)to 6,000rubles ($3,087.60); for colonelsand lieutenant colonelsfrom 2,400rutrles ($1,235.04)to 3,900 mbles ($2,006.94);and for the remaining ranks it, varies from 720 rubles ($370.51)to 1,740rubles ($895.40). 'Ihe pensionfor this kind t Sobranie Uzakonenii i Rasporiajenii Prayitelstva (Collection of Larvs anC Orders), 1912,2nd semsster No. 1225. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity 198 GOVER,NMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR, MEMBERS OF of disability incurred in peace after a service of less than 25 years is 60 per cent of the salary. Pensions of the second class are clue to officers also pcrmanently incapacitated but not requiring the care of anothdr person. If in- capacity occurred in the war after 5 years of active seryice or less, 60 per cent,of salary is paid; an increaseof 2 per cent is made for each additional year; after 25 years the pensionis 100 per cent. In time of peace,50 per cent instead of 60 per cent is paid after 5 years, and 100 per cent only after a service of 30 years. Application for these pensionsmust be sent to the commander of the regiment, or corresponding unit in rvhich the pensioner served. The pensions are paid from the treasury of each Province. The ollicer who becomes ill while serving at the front or who is wounded receivespart of his salary, free hospital treatment, and, if sent to a hospital outside of the place of his residence,75 kopeks (39 cents) daily; if treated at home, he receives from 1 to 2 rubles (51 cents to $1.02)daily, accordingto locality. He is alsoindemnified for loss of property. On his return to service a traveling allowance is paid him consistingof fare and 1.50 to 2 rubles (77 cents to $1.02) daily, according to rank. Disability pensions to soldiers, dstermined by the law of June 25, 1912, are very much smal.ler. For privates, they vary from 216 rubles ($111.15) annually to 30 rubles ($15.44), according to the degree of incapacity. Beneath the two classesof total incapacity (100per cent loss of .workingpower), the first of invalids roquiring the constant caro of another person and the second of invalids not requiring such care, pensions are gradod to loss of working power according as this loss has been from 100 to 70 per cent, 70 to 40 per cent, or 40 to 10 per cent, respectively. For noncommissioned officersthese same classeshold, but they receive the private's pensiol increasedby 10 per cent after one year of serviceand by 20 per cent, after five years of service. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University FI Ft Scsnourn 65.-RT rssio. P ensionsfor enlistedm,en. [Amounts outside parenttrGss arc h rubles; amouts i6ide parentheses are in dollars.] o Under-Of[cers, ! I'rivutes With not Aftcr 5 Romarks. less than year's (D I ye?x's scrYice. H servlce. tr tsr-l ?ensions for dc*rco of incanacitv: o J Fl I. Tolal iniupacity rcquiring costent 216 216+\O7o 216+n:/o Larv of Jme 25, 1912. Svod Zakonov Rossiis- c&roof cnother Dcrson.r (ilr. 15) lioi Imperii (( odilled I sws of Rusia), ediled II. Tots, inculracity not rcqrriring con- I iis 168+LoTo L68+NC)lo by Dohrovolskii, 1913, Vo.l. IIl, supplement stant caro of anothor person. I (sri.45) 56. o. 2?14fl. III. 70, f00 per cent loss of working lljll t08+Lvlo ]o8+nyo o DOWer. (55. 5E) E IV. 40; 70 per cent loss of worliing 66 66+1@7o ffi+n7o @ po\{er. (33.96) V. 10, 40 per cent loss of working powcr. . li0 30+1070 30+wro F (15.1.1) z femporary relief in case of need given on l0 to (5.15to I L87) Temporary Orders of Aug. 17 anal Nov. 17, F aDDlcauon. 1914. ReDrinted in C. v. Sorerin. Ranenve rl Ofitzery iNizhrie Chiny, Petrograd, 1914,p-p, FF 158and 166. tr H ,Assi,stancefrom Alexander Committee: I - (D l. Wounded of tlrst class8-.- _- _- ___ _- -.. 210 (123.50) Tbls penslon is crant€d on srourd of Dorertv Svod Yoemih Postanovlcnil (Mililary ('ode) 2. Woruded of secondclass 3.. ------. 120 (61.75) irreinectir e oiocnsion fro'm nationil trcai- 1q69. Edition oI 1902 and'suDoleinent oi ury.' Onlv tholo soldicrsare nemioned u'ho 1907 F os r rosulr-of wourds hh c iniuable defccts or illnesses. E IWoundedoIf.rstclassaresoldiersrcquiringconstontcarcbl'onothcrpcrson;ofthesccondclassthoservhoharelostalimborme z Fl cuablyf -Demon. , Fl Alexander Committee, organized in 1814,colstitutes p&rt of th6 ministry of wor. z I Nonrecwrent grants aro also given by tlio conmil,tee. rntl HI o r.l OQo { (D Fl th 240 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBENS OF Soldiers' disability pensions are paid at the district treasury offices three times a year in aclvanco. At the recipient's request they ruay be paid at the township offrces. In addition to providing disability pensionsthe Govcrrunentmakes provision for temporary assistancein case of rvoundsor illness.l If the soldier is unable to continue service,he is given free railway r,nd steamshiptransporta,tiou home, traveling expensesto n certain daily amount, and civilian clothing if ]re has none of his o'vn. In caseof sorious injuries the soldier may be given temporary shelter at, a specinl invalids' home and, if he needs them, artificial iimbs at tho Governrnent'soxpense. Temporary relief in case of nead may also be given on application to officers and soldiers rrnder the temporary orders of August, 17 and Noyember 17, 1914. These ;4rentsrango from 300 rubles (S154.38)to 25 mbles ($12.87)in the oaseof ofrcers and in the caseof soldiersfrom 25 rubles ($12"37)to 10 rubles ($5.15). Special fimds are assignedfor this purposo. An order of July 15, 1916, provides disability pensionsto a third group of persons, namely, skilled workers and common laborers in all Government,workshops and railroads r-ho becomeincapacitatcd in the cour*e of their rvork. and as t.rresult of enemy action. Tom- porary disability is compensated by one-halJ of the workman's wa,ges;pernanent, totel disability by two-thirds. PENSIONS TO WIDO'WS AND OTTIER, DEPENDNNTS. Survivors' pensions, according to the law of June ')3, 1g12,2ale paid to the widow and children of officers dying of wounds, killed in battle, or missing. The widow receives in any case one-half of the pensionable salary; eaoh child one-sixth. A widorv and three or mors children receiye the full amount, of the o{ficer's salary. '-fhe pensionablesalary -that, is, the basis on which the pension is ccn- puted-consists of the salary proper, the table allorvanoe, and tlie supplementary allowance (seoSchedule fj7, p. 203,for pay of officers). The sons are entitlecl to pensionsup to the age of lZ, the daughters up to the age of 211 or, in caseof each,until entranceinto school at Government,expense or int,o the Governnrent serr.ico; rrlso until marriage,if this takes piaoebe;fore the ageof 21, in cirseof daughters. An irnportant provision rvas matle in the lar,r'of 1g16,cited above, itself amending the liru- of June 16, lgOb, on the oare of children of soldiers killed in the rvar rvith Japan.s It applies to children of offic'ers in the A"my and Navy and to childrcn of nonmilitary person-cof offioers' rank emplo)'cd on steamers or serving in the medical, rSvod Voennjh Postanovlenii (Milituy Code), 1869, Bk. XIX, edition ol 1910. R€printett itr (i. V. Severin, Ranenyo Ofitzory i Nizhiaio Chhy (Ponsions to Offcers atral Soldisrc), Petrograal, 1914, p. 110. t See footnote 1 at bottom of p. lg7. agobraJdo Uzakonenii i Rasporiazhenii Prayitolstva, 1905, otd. t, Zoe polug., no. 1036,anal otd. 1,1oo polug., no.920. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITAR,Y FONCES AND T.EEIR, DEPENDENTSi. zOL veterinary, pharmaceutical, and other divisions of the Army or Navy. To each child up to the age of 6 years an annual pension of 75 rubles ($38.60) is assigned;from 6 to 10 years, 125 rubles ($64.33); and from 10 to 18 years, 300 to 450 rubles ($154.38to $231.57). llp to the age of 10 years a child is entitled to this pension and also to one-sixth of the deceasedofficer's salary spoken of above. After that age only one of these pensions is given, at the choice of the mother or guardian. The law also prescribes special measures for the placing of these children in educational institutionsl upon admission traveling ex- pensesare paid; at the time of graduation from high school,150 rubles (877.20) a,regranted if the recipient cloesnot enter a higher institu- tion of learning. The pension m&y be extended until graduation from high school, but not after the age of 21. Pensions to survivors of soldiers, as given in the law of Juno 25, 19I2,r are much less generous. The widow receives from 84 mbles to 48 rubles ($43.23 to $24.70) a year aocor.ling to her husband's rank and length of service. A full orphan roceives one-halJ of the widow's pensionup to tire age of 17 years; iv'o receivethree-fourths; three or rubre receive the full amount. The law of 1916,alreadv cited, provides assistancefor children of soldiers as rn'ell as oflicers. Each child up to the age of 16 receives annually24 rubles ($12.35),30 rubles ($15.44),or 42 rubles ($21.61), according to the size of the city; an increase of not over 40 per cont may be granted to futl orphans. At the time of entering school v/arru clothing, sh.oes,and school supplies are provided to the anrount of 15 rubles (fi7.72). In especially deserving cases an educational assistanceof from 50 rubles ($25.73)to 150 rubles ($77.19)annually rnay be grrrnted. r Soo footnoto 3 oL p. 196. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity ; Scnooorn C6.-.Russrlo. P ensionsto uidows and other dependentsoJ soldiersor sailorslcilled in u:ar, dying in consequenceoJ inlurtes, or missing. t\t - ARMY AND N.{VY. b9 l-[mounts outside of parenthoses are in rublcs; amounts insido of parcntheses are in dollars.] o Noncommissioned All other oflicers, Privates. soldiers. With not E less than 5 Remtrls. (D years' With 5 years' 4 7 servirc l)cyord servico rcquired tcrm. beyond E required E (D term. z - H (.P Pay (in percc)r---..---...-.... -. -. 312 to 252 (160.56to r29.63) PeDsions: \\'idow-...... - 84 (43. ?3) 60 (30.88) 48 (%. ?0) Law of June 25, 1912, SYod Zakonov Rossii"l oi Impcrii (('odi,led I rws), 3 ediled by'p. I)ol'iovolstii, l9l3,Vol. III, a Children- sup. 56, 2t14 fi. o (May a. Eac}rchildup to lti years2 30;.or 42 (12.35, 15.44 21.61) annually receivo warm elothing, shoes,and , or arcording to size sL'hoolsupplics ((7.i2) ol cltv. I rrp.lo 15ni:blcs Law passed about middle of 1916, re- z u ncn enlerrng s('nool: rn deserrrng a b. Full orphans under 16 S{ay rcceivo increase of not more than 40 per cent on the { printed in Pral-o, no. 29, 1916,p. 1675. I above. I caics educalional assistanee.50 ro Fti J'eers' [ 150rubles annually (25.nto77.19). - Altenatire to b, c, Full orphans o under 17 YearsL 1. If I only...... -...... 42(21.61) I 30 (15.44) I 30 (15.44) | 24(12.35) lIull orphans, if incapacilated and Law of Juno 25, 1912 (s€s above). 3. If 2...... ---...... -. 63 (:j2.,12)| 45 (23.16)| 45 (23.16) l 36 (r8.5:i) l u iihout metrns,receiyepension alter B 2. If 3 0r mor€-... 84(43.23) 60 (30.88) 60 (30.88) 48 (24.70) | 17. I I | E - Temporuy allowanco in case of need, 10 (5.15) to 25 (12.8?) Ci\-on on application in easeof pos- TemDorsrv orders.- Arrc. 17 and No\. I3mi1y. ert v xnd iir-csDeclir e of ncnsiou{rcrn 17,-1!rl{. (;. \ Sc-orin, IiJncnJ'c r.t Neiionul Treisur5'. Iiirounts giicn O0tzory i Nijh:rie ( hiny (l'crNions are determine,.I bv the committie. to Olliccrs ard Sol.diers), Petrograd, a) - 1914,pp. r58, 166. Assistance from Alexander Commit- Annual grants 120 (61.75) to 2{0 (123.50)in cffo of poverty, tee,r ryi4oru and clfldren; in their siclinc\s, or accidents. aDsence,ptrenls. Single grants. oHI - r Figures for October,1913. Vcltz6's Internationaler Armee-Almanaeh, 1913-14. 2 I'eirsio4s gi\-en to cidklrcn undcr l-arvs of 1912and 1916arc not granted simultancously;- the more advantageous pension is accorded. oa 3 Tlie Alexainder Committce, organized in 1814,costitutes part oi the ministry of war. { (a (D rt o ; - Scrrnour,n 67.-Russia. Military pay table. lsouce: Veltz€'s Internationaler Armee-Almanach, 1913-14.1 o [Amounts outsido of parenttrcss aro in rubls; amoml,s imide ol parentheses are in dollan.l First class. Eighth class. Mobilization nllowanccs. (D Addi- Lump sum. Perlodical allowances. E Annual tlonal d E solery. Light allow- l-l ance. and tr'or For Field allow- To horses, Regular (only Iuel. To 8us, lransport, mobilization ance (D marri€d clottres, bachelor ofrcer. equipments. allowmce. while in Ft €tc. war area). H 2,100 r,692 1:Jl 500 534 125 350 700 250 10 n o 1, 0!i0.66) (870.70) (71.01) (257.30) (274.N) (21.61) (04.33) (180.I r) G$0.22) (128.65) t!'ts> (10.2e) 1, .c00 L,5t2 102 375 444 30 110 300 600 250 10 @ (926.28) (778.0E) (52.4{r) (1e2.98) (228.48) (15.41) (56.61) (1e.3s) (308.76) (12E.65) (2.57) (5.15) l, ilo t,332 fi4 2|ff 426 24 75 250 500 250 4 8 (7?t.m) (685.45) (.r3.23) (12s.65) (2re.22) (12.35) (38.60) 'i8o'-'-(128.65) (257.30) (128.65) (2.06) (4.12) z 1,200 906 l4 200 306 24 62. 5 7N 400 150 3 6 (617.52) (460.23) (4:t.23) (1o2. (r57.47) (32. (247.01) (205. (77.1e) (1. e2) (12.35) l6) (r02.e2) 84) Allowanco 54) (3.09) rl 1,080 5C4 3{i 150 198 12 3?.5 4ilo 1E0 360 lil p r oportion- 2 or 1.5 4ora ta (uoJ./ 1, (305.67) (13.53) (77.19) (10r.8e) (6.18) (1e.30) (247.0t ) (e2.63) (185.26) (77.re) ate to num- (1.03) (.77) (2.06)o.e) H -Ftr 90tD 426 M 100 732 25 360 150 300 100 ber ofhorses, 1 2 (D (:63.14) (2r9.22) (e.2tD (51.46) (67.e3) (12.E7) (185.26) (77.1e) (154.38) (5r.46) etc.l re- (.51) (1.03) 780 9{6 02.5 62.5 t02 li lil r7.5 300 130 260 100 quued ac- 2 (401.3e) (126.5e) (32.t(j) (32.16) (52.49) (9'9tr(154.38) (66.90) (133.80) (51.46) cording to (.51) (r.03) H 1^'l 216 02. 5 to2 240 120 240 100 rmk. 1.50 (370.5r) (126.5e) (32.16) (52.4s) (9.01) (r23.50) (61.75) (123.50) (51.46) (.3e) (.77) H - 660 216 62.5 102 17.5 180 110 2n 100 1.50 (339.64) (126.59) (32.16) (52.49) (e.01) (e2.63) (56.61) (51.46) (.3e) 4 11ii?il il .50 H r.l (25.7ts) (.26) (.51) Nonmilitary em- :.:.:.... .50 I 4 - ployee of army (.26) (.51) rl of e6ign's rsnk d HI o (2,$3.n) NorE l.-OlnceB in command ol an army unit receiTe 2 or 1+ times the amounts Fl (2,16r.s2) given aboYe. oa (r,389.42) .. NorE 2.--For purposc of co-mputing pension, salmy equals salary proper plus table (D (r,389.42) ailoFance plus supplemenrsry allowence. (339.64) t9 (r85.26) { o Fl th 204 GOVERNMENTAL PR,OVISIONS FOR MEMBER,S OF The temporary orders of August 17 and l{oyernber 17, LgI4, provide for grants in case uf need to officers' and soldieru' familiss. 'Ihe amou:rts vary from 300 mbles ({i154.38)to 25 rubles ($12.87) in tiro case of families of officers,and from 25 rubles ($12.87)to 10 rubles ($5.15)for families of soldiers. Survivors' ponsions are also paid to families of employees in all Governmen+"workshops and on railroads, inespective of age or sex, rvho lost their lives as a resu-lt of enemy action. A funeral benefit is paid, 30 rubles ($15.44)for an adult and 15 rubles ($7.72) for a child. The rvidow receiyes one-third of her husband's annual wages for life; each child up to the age of 15 receives one-sixth, a full orphaq one-fourth. (Order of July 15, 1916.) Allowances and pensions to dependents of ofrcers and soldiers are given to legitimate families only. The question of extending the bencfit's of the law to illegitimate r-,hildren and their motllers was discussedin legislative circltx; the superiol council organized for the relief of soldiers'families in its meeting of November 13, 1914, went on record against suoh an extension, saying that the "enacting of a law wtrich would grant the same allowanco to an illegitimate faniily worild nrit contribute to the stability of the fouudation c'f the Iegitimate family and rvould uncioubtedly infi.uencoadverselv popular conception of the holiness of nrarital rurion." 1 On acoount of lack of sourcesit, is impossible to state whether a.ny action has been taken torvard an inclusion of illegitimates in the system of rnilittrry pensions and allowances. The law tif July 15, 1916, hower-er,which prolides pensionsfor nonmilitary cmployees of Govcrrrmeut rn'orkshopsald railroads, includr:sillegitimate f amilies. ADllIINIS'[R,ATION, ?'he pr.ocedureoomrected with the administration of the allowanoe and pension laws was cornplicated and very slow. !-or ihis reason, on Scptember26, 1914,new regulations 'wcreissued abolishingsome of the formalities of the administration of the officers'a.llorvances and pensions,and securingin this \Maya more speedygrant and payment. Sirnilar sf,spsin the direction of efficient adrninistration of soldiers' allolanccs rrndpeiisions \\'ere taken about a vt'ar later. On July 21, 1915,the minister of thc irrtcrior issuecla circular to all govemors of provinces asking thern to take the "most effective measuresfor the immediate payment, of the allowances to soldiers, and not, to tlelay such pa}tmenf,son account,of lack of the necessary documents, but, on the oontrary, to try to obtain tho missing documents as quiokly as possiblc from the civil and military authorities ooncerned."2 tlzvstia Verhovnago Soyieta In prizrieniu somei litz prizvamih na voinrr, Janualv, 1915,p. 18. ?ldem, July-September, 1915.p. 296. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity MILITARY I'ORCES AND TFIEIN DEPEIiDENTS. 205 OFFICIAT COMMITTEES. In addition to the perrsionsdefinitely prescribed by law, assistance is also given on application by the Alexander Conrmittee for the Care of the Wounded. This committee is a- permanent body organized in 1814, and at, present a part of 'the ministry ol war. The relief it distributes comes chiefly from the invalidity fund, raised in part by deduotions from the officers' salaries. The committee gives financial assistance in tire form of either single grants or regular pensionsl it also places invalids in asylums or homes and assistsin the education of children. The arrnual pensions vary aocording to rank and degree of disability; ft general, for instarrce, or his family in caseof his death, ilay receivofrom 1,716rubles ($883.05)to 1,143 rubles ($SSS.10;;a colonelfrom 510 rubles ($262.45)to 305 mbles ($156.95);a second lieutenant from 360 rubles ($1E5.26)to 210 rublos($108.07); a soldier240 rubles ($123.50)to 120rubles ($61.75). The definite legai provisions for orphans are supplemented by assistance from the Romanov Cornmittee. This committee was establishedby a law of June 29, 1914, for the purpose of giving financia.laid to orphan asylums. On September 1, 1914, however, a ministerial decree was issued directing the committee to assist in the care of childreu of soldiers and sailors called to war service. According to its report the committee spent from the latter part of 1914 to April e0, 1915, 971,535 rubles ($499,951)on assistancoto child-caring agencies. The firnds are derivetl partly from the treasury and partly from private oontributions. The aotivity of the various organizations, both public and private, for the care of soldiers' and ofrcers' families is coordinated and super- vised by the supreme council for tho care of families of war partioi- panLs, establishedby an imperial order of August, 11, 1914. The supreme council has in its possessionfunds from private and public sourcss which it, distributes among the various organizations. REFERENCES. Sobranie Uzakoncnii i Rasporiajenii Pravitelstva (Collection of Current La\ils and Orders), St. Petcrsburg, 1912. Severin,G. V.: Ranenye Ofitzery i Nizhnie Chiny (Pensions to officersantl soldiers),Petrograd, 1914. Svod \roerurih Postanovlenii O{ilitary Code), 1869, book XIX, odition of 1902,supplement of 1907,edition of 1910. Izvestia Vcrhovnago Sovicta po prizrieniu semci litz prizvrrnnih na voinu, January, July-Scptember, 1915,Petrograd. Pravo, Petrogra,dweekly paper. Veltz6's Internationaler Armee-A-lmanach. Ch. Belser, Stuttgart, 1913-1914. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity 206 GOVEBNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF Svod Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii (Codified Laws of Russia), un- ofEcialedition by Dobrovoiskii, St. Petersburg, 1913. I!{alinko, V., Spravochnaiia Knizhka dlia Ofitzerov (officers' refer- encebook), Moscow,1915. SWITZERLAND.l MILITARY INSIIRANCE. According to the Swiss constitution of 1874 and subaequent legis- lation for military organization, all citizens between the ages of 20 and 48 meeting the legal requirements are subject ls mili['11y service.2 Those exempted from personal service pay a,n exemption tax, fixed by the law of June 28, 1878.3 In the matter of pcnsions,athe "Organization Militaire" of tgS0 provided that soldiers wounded or mutilated in the Federal service, or their dependent rclatives if they lost their lives, should in case of need receive an indemnity for assistancc"suitablc to their state of fortune." s The law of 1852,intended to carry out this provision, granted an allow:rnco to men wounded while meeting the cnemy or disabled fhrough the special fatigues or dangers of the service, in case the earning pov'er necessary to their support was reduced, and it fixed the maximum inclemnity at 500 francs ($96.50) annually. The dependont, relatives of soldiers killed under the same circum- stancesreceived a maximum of 300 francs ($57.90). The constitu- tion of 1874took a step forward in the matter of government responsi- bility, by asserting that needy soldiers permanently disabled through military sen'icc, and their families when in need, had a right to governmcnt a,id,and thc pension lau'of that, year extended the pro- visions of tho old law to soklicrs injured in time of peace on the same terms as those injured in time of war. Ii also raised the maximum annua| amounts to 1,200franss ($231.60)for permanent,disability, 650 francs ($125.45)for widows with children, and 330 francs ($62.55) for widows without children. In 1887 thc Governmcnt tried the experiment of contracting with a privnte insur:uce company (la soci6t6anonJrme pour les &ssur&ncos I The Swiss material s'as prcparcd by }{iss Louise F. Ilrown and Mis Edith Rockwell Eall. 2 Foderal Constitution, 167.1;Organizaiion }lilitaire de la Confdddration Suisse, 1907, Feuille F6di{alc 1907,U, p. 725. 3 A personal tax of 0 lrancs (51-10); a supplementary tar (c) I frilnc 50 centimos (29 cents) for each 1,000 ftancs (9193) net fortuDe. (b) 1 fuanc 50 ccntimes (29 cents) for elch 100francs ($19.30)net income. For- tunes less than 1,000lrancs ($193)are not taxed, and an allowane oI 600 fmncs ($f15.8o) is made on incomes before subjecting them to taxation. Those who have serl'ed at lcast eight years Bnd haae become inca. pacitated lor luther service pay only one-half their tax, unlcss it is remitted enttcly; and lrom the age of 39 to 44 ycars also men are liable for only tho half mte. The Federal Assembly has the right to double this tax in yoars y'hen the grcater part of the trmps aro called out, and in the present crisis this $'as done by the decree of Dec. 23, 1914. (RecueilOlRcielNo. S, 1877-78,p. 532; Recuoil Olnciel No. 30, 1914,p, 678.) . An account of the history oI Swiss milituy pensions is to bc found in the Message of ths Federal Coun- cil to the Federal Assembly , Dec. L2,1912, Feuillo Fdddrale, 1912,V, p. 151. o Feuille F6d&sle, 1912,V, p. 152. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity MILITAR,Y FORCES AND fEEIR. DEPENDENTS. 201 de transports et contre les accidents "la Zurtch" ) for the insurance of its soldiers. The indemnity to be paid in case of death or total invalidity amounted to 10,000 francs ($1,930) for off.cers, and to 3,000 francs ($SZO;for nonco-missioned off.cers and privates. Irr case of total incapacity for work the company paid, for ths cost of treatment and loss of earnings,10 francs ($1.93) a day during the illness for off.cers, and 3 francs ($0.58) a day for noncommissioned t' officers and privates; in case of partial incapacity for work the com- pany paid half benefits. These indem.'ities were allowed from the day after releasefrom the army to the end of the term of the physi- cian's services, not, however, to exceed 200 days from the accident. In 1893 there was an attempt to correct the disproportion between the sums paid to offi.cersand to soldiers by reducing the total inval- idity or death insurance for offi.cersto 5,000 francs ($965) and their disability indemnity to 5 francs (96* cents). But in spite of this' modification the system proved unsatisfactory, partly because of legal diftculties in its administration, partly because the sums pro- vided were insuff.cicnt, and in general becausethe feeling was growing that the pension ought to be measured by the soldier's loss of earning capncity"rather than by his 'sstats of fortune." Other attempts to arrive at a satisfactory system were made in 1898, 1901, 1906. The first o{ these was the law cstablishing the system of civil insutance, in which it was proposed to include provisions for military insurancs also. The proposal was rejected by refercndum in L900, and the legislation failed likewise to supply a satisfactory system. Under pressure of the present war omergenciesthe matter of pensions has been the subject of entirely new legislation in the law of December 23, 1914.1 This plan, the provisions of which are analyzed in the an- nexed schedule,follows closely the lincs of the Swiss civilinsurancc.z While the administration of the two systems is kept distinct, a close cooperation has becn establishcd between the military and civil accident services, and the use of the same tribunal for the two sys- 6smshas beenadopted.3 The military insurance thus established is administered by the { Swiss military department through its chief medical off.cer, who is' provided with the necessery staff and has the cooperation of ths technical experts of the Government.a A pension commi1,1,ss.1 seven memben, appointed for three years by the Fedcral Council, decides on the amounts and conditions of the pensions and capital indemnities, in consultation with the chief medical offi.cer. Appeals- from the decisions of the pension committee or of the chief medical 1 Feuiuo F6ddrale, 1915,I, p. 45. I Seep. 210. I Fedoral act respecting military insuranu, Dec, 8r 1914, art. 55. Bulletin of International Labor Ofrce (English edition), Vol. X, p. 3:1. { Article 62. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, GeorgetownUniversity 208 GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBENS OF o{ficcr are brought before the Federal insurance court. Tha }tederal Council issuesthe regulations for the administration of the insurance. 'Ihe llederal Assembly decideson the mode of covoring pensic-nsin case of w&r or other public calamity, and appropriates funds for the systcm. Scrrnnur,n 68,- Suitzerland. Military i,nsurancc. based Fgderal l'lahlo on mt rosprcting military inruancc, Dtr. ?J, 1911. Feuillo F6d6rale. lgls. J. '-D. 45. English trmslation in Bulletin of'the Intemational Labor OSce, r9l5, Vol. X, p. Zr.1 A. FORM OF INSURANCE AND CLASSES INSURED. Fom of insrrmce. Classosinsurod. Agaixst sickness and accidonts: l. Soldiers ol all ranks while on service. (o) Sickn*s and accidents duinp sorvice or 2. Ofrcers on spocial servico with foreign amies. oxorciso oI military fuctions." Divisional cbntrollers of arms and iheir substi- (0) Sicknos and accidobts gohg on duty or re tgtgs a4d assistants during the ererciso ot turmc noms. their militarv functions. (c) Sieknosfduo -[q injurious influonces during The sanitaiy Starl of the Swiss soeietiesfor as- aDove Dsrtod,r sisting the wounded, organized and nlred-trtive under military authority, whilo on serllco. Tbe members of tho voluntary corps of mororists wnJe on sernce- 3. Commanders of units of the Armv. 4. Instmctors. Officials, grrart1s,-ard othcr permanent emplo]- Permanert employees and arrxiliarv staff of i Ca\alr\ rrmouDt-drp{)t and of lhose connected I with 1,hehorse depaitment. Psmanoilt atts rdants at I'oderal milittrv hos- oitrls. t Against- -D accidents ' 5. District comJnanders,sectioDalchiefs, and othor uint 1nooxa'cG€ ;i ini'i; til;tiifi flllllonBris duiug r€cruiting aud inspec- I tions. F Offcers, instructors. svmn&stic €xperts, - and secrotaries ofrcialiy-ilttoched io recrutug I oDorations. t Exbertsxbertsfor valuinq horses. OffcersOffieersffeers"giving givinc shooting_sho-otj.nc instnrctioninstr and ruom. borsDers ollhooillsoI snooilns comriittees.commrite4s- Ofrcers' servants-. 'I'he asistant staff who attend to tarcets and other imDlomeuts o{ ifftruction. Porsons engaged by a corrrs of uooDs on behalf of the Nalioual dovoroient. 0. The militarv membets of riflo clubs, Persons taihg part ix preparatory ilitittry lnstructron. Persons employod as nrarkers in connection with rifle clubs md lr€ptratory miiituy in- sIrucuon. Youag mou called up lor examination as recruits. Ifnorsore0orted, rL,,:liiIl"^.-._Ty$!"lptt4tlacertified.physicianandreporred\rirtrin3weels.wrlr bo consrder€tlotrly udor sp€clalconditions. ;' Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCES /T.ND THEIR DEPENDENTS. 209 Scn Bl u r.n 68._-8 r,;i tzer l an rl. l'i'il'i t ar u'[76 11'v1vv ls s-t' on tinued. B. 1]ENlIF'ITS. llt'neliis. Arnoilni. 1 'Wn,,"esI{ospital treatmcnt - - . - - - -l contir;ucd lor tlrrration of set'i'icc Ftill pa1'. (illas;sI oni;'). i Dlri Iv rrlrmltl o5rmcnt allowlltree dr rring I (liiui'il!t)': 1.cni1;o':'r y i Fjrst;li) r1n-;,'s6f sigLne5s- I a. Ji'or'.'krss I (ilOdays foilou'ing o. 3 francs, serlice). h. l;or other cl:r,sses.-- lr. Rate for cach class fixcrl by Lrc,:leralCouncii. Afier'.30driys (nll ciasscs)-. Daily earnings up_to 6 francs Tolitl rlisabiliL-t,r39 per c('nt; {Sl .54)computcd on 11,,cn- prrtial disab.ility, in propor- nual wage, or ,id Inoitthly iion. wage, or I weckly wage.3 'ioi.al Pensjols for icrm*ncnt tlisabilitv t- - - . - Annual earnings based on disalrilit.',, 70 per c('nt; dailv earnings comDuted as partial disabiitty, in propor- aboie, multiblied by 306.s ticn. Pensions for dependents, iir ease of death: a. Wifc- 1. Widow,cor divorced orlegally 40 pcr cent . scyraratecl cntitled to | [ full maintenance.r"vife il 2. Divorceii or lcgally separated l l ln proportion ic husband's ob. vzife entitled to nartial- lisation. mciuienancc.T ll of deceascd, C:hildrert Annual earnings b. under 18s- daily earnings, il if based on eent. 1. Each child, widow or di- cs above, multi- ner is living'r comprrtcd l{15 vorccd wi{e plied by 360. 2. Fach child, ii ll'iCow or di- | | zs p.r vcrced wifc is dead. il ""ot. c. Parents wholly or partly depend- ll20 pcr ccnt for one; 35 per ccnt cnt. if no elaims as above. ll f6r both. r/. Crandparenls, if parents receive llNot to excccd 15 pcr cent for no rrension.or brol,hersanrl sis- .,o. or 25 pcr ccnt for se;crrtl. tcrs. if no ciaims as above. i[ !-ureral oxpenscs- trn to 40Irancs ($7.72). I t I'his inclu 'I'l-,e ]{atir.''nill {iovcinrlolrii t}eal'r::ali tire ex1>cr1ii{rsof the miiit,a,ry insuranc,t'. e'.:cilpt rvhcn the i;ersors irlsureil haro been callcd into servico ti:ii,Ju-q!..r,1.';'ilLtlrr. intcre-st,of & partricultrr r:anton or localitYt in u'hicii {:illit: trrr(;{io-,-ii1'nment can lrecover t}ie cost of the insuratrco Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University 210 GOYERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR, MEMBERS OF froin tire canton.l The Federal'Assembly provides, in tho annual bu,,lget, for the expenses of administration zr,ndfor the payment of benefits. :\ppropriations to an invaiidit]' fund which can only bo used for benefits in casc of \^/ar, are made annually to the amount of 50t),000 fr.ancs ($96,500) at least. when this fund shali havo leached the surn of 50,000,000 francs ($9,650,000) the Federal Assemblrr is to decide rvhether it is advisable to continue payments. Tvro other funds are avaiiable for the payment of insurance benelits 'Ihese oniy in timo of war. funds &re named the Grenus inval.ids fund anil the tr'ederal Winkelried foundation fund.z Wiren a person entii,led to military insurance has been cornpril- sorily insured with the Swiss national accident, insurance fund, tli.is civil insurance is suspended. Ilowever, if when he enters military service he is suffering from the consequence of an accident o:: clisease against "lvhich he had been insured, and the military service aggra- vates his condition, the civil and military insurance jointl;r bcal the cost" The miiitary insurance department pays the benefit, a,nd is partly repaid by the civil insurance fund in proportion to the extent to rvh.ich the military seryice has aggravated his condition. The payrnents of benefit for temporary disability are rnade by the rniii- tnry insurance deparirneni in conformity with the provisions of ti:e militarS' insu"ranceact, and repaid by the civil insurance fund iir ttrre proportion agreed upon. The benefits for permanent disal-riiity aro paid by each company, the shares being Cetermined in thr', sanr.eway. In the case of persons voluntarily insured in the civil fund, the reia- tions of the two insurances are .fixed by regulations of the Fecleral Assembl;'.3 CIWL INSURANCE.4 The Swiss sickness and accident insurance larv was enacted" on the 13th of June, 191L, by the Federal Council, and accepted b)"*i.,o- endurn on tho 4th of flebruary, 1912. The National Government encourages sickness insurance by grani,- ing srrbsidies to sicl< insurance funds rvhich are Legally rocoflnizcd" If the cantons or com.munes mako such insurance complrl*oor3'.*ncl if they assrln'tethc responsibiiity for the paymeni of all or 8, I;ir,l.tof the premiurns of indigent insured persorrs, the lTationai. {iii','crnnr.ent grants subsidies eclual to one-third of tlreir disl--urscrnciri,s. While ernpLoycrs can not be rnade to coritribute to ths ilii)'ili.o11t';rin*iie b1' their employees u'ho are compuisorily insuretl. t-lrey rlr.iLybe n:acL' to take charge of the payments to be made bV thcir emploYec,s.5 Sick r Articles 5L, 52, 55, 62, 63. 2 Arliclcs 61,65. s Ariicles 50 to 60. a The information in this section rnay be found in the text cI the iarv, Esuille Fdddl'aie, 1911,III, p. 815. An Engiish translation is to be found iir Bulletin of ths IJ. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 103,Aug. 1, L9l2,p.7. ESickncss an accident insurance law, June 13, tr911,articles .!.,2. Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University MILITARY FORCESAND TIIEIR DEPENDENTS. zIL bcnefits includc medicai care and rnedicines and daily indemnity for loss of time of not less than l franc (19.3 cents). Benefits musi bo provicled for at least 180 days each year' and special provisian is macle fr;r rvomen duririg confi,nement-l Accirient insurance is administered by tho national ilccid.ent insuance fund. Each canton is entitled to an agency of this fund', rsl-rirJr cor:ducts insuranco on the mutual plan. fts central oiTico is in Lucerne. The National Government, granted this fund a rvorliing capital of 5,000,000 francs ($965,000) ancl the same amount, to create ,,,i.*.ro'u fund. It pays one-half the oxpenses of administration.2 Accident insurancc is cornpulsory for laborers and other employees wor:kilg in transportation and postal service; establishmonts subjoct to the factory luw; building trades; engineering works; telegraph and telephole construction and maintenance; mines, quarries, and gravel banks; industries rvhich produce or use explosives.3 Tle risks insured against are occupational and nonoccupational. Occr-rpational diseases are classified as accidents.a Differeut erlt- ptroyinents are classified according to their risks, and tho premium rates are fi.xed by the officers of the national fund. For occupational acciclents they are paiC entirely by the employer. For nonocoupa- tional acciclents they are paid as follows: Three-fourths by insured person, one-fourth by the l{ational Government; tho employer coliects the premiums from his ct"nployees.s Aty person not subject to cornpulsory insurance may bo insured voluntarily, on conditions fixcd l;y the National Government.o Scurour,s Gg.-Sui,tzerland. Ciuil ins'wance ben'ef,tsfor accidents. Benefits. Iloneficiaries, Disabiiity or death. Kind. Insured lvoLliers. - -\ny disability.... -. - . Xlerlical attendance and mediciles. Temporary disability. Indemniiy {or lost 80 per cent of. daily time. earnlngs, maxllnum, 14{ra,ncs ($2.70). Perm.anent riisability: Total-. I earnlngs. Partial- -.---do. .i In.proporl.ion to tlis- | -,abilit5. Depenilont relatives- 1. $,-irio'w or disabled rviclorver 2. liacii irbilti lrnticr 16: (f;) Ii rrll'ti!"rjs Iit'ing.- " - (lt) If rnothe;'is dead- - - - - 3. [i'rantip:rre;t1,:i; br othors :rniLsisters under l.{i. t :'.rticles t2, \3,14. I,\rtlL:les 102to 110,11S, 119. z Articles 41, 46, 51. 6,\rticles 119,119. 3 Article 60. ? No earnings beyonit 4,000 francs ($772) are con' t Articles 07r 08. sidered (art. 78). Provided by the Maternal and Child Health Library, Georgetown University This page is blank in the original document. Providedby theMaternal and child HeatthLibrary, c.o"gJoG'iffiry APPENDIXES: PENSIONS IN T.HE UNITED STATES.I rriieti l-r1rr1r,s.i916: li. i,.. }{ilitarv l,rtlvs oitl;e llnited !ltit 1-i:s,l,c:ir3 :'Si,at.' I ., il nit od Stries Sia-ttrtcsat Large. ATPNNUTXA.-PRJ'iiErYi P]]NIiIT'N I'II(Ji-I-{IONS JTI}RUI'}i DISABLED IN SEITVI(Itr Ai{lT IIL)IT F,TI]iOWSAiiiJ (JTIII'IT ]}EPENDE'.'ITS OF I,IEN KILI,ED OR DYING IN SER\'IL]E. }'EN. Bene{iciarie,s. .{g;tr ot' othcr rcason, Anount. Officcrs and rnen, in- Ifil.itarv or Naval Ser- Disabled ircm wound, Lcec,rdilg to exteirt of cU:; cluding regulars, t'ol- vice bf the rinited lnJllrJ/,or (lrseaserln- abilit.'r: unteers, and militja.'z States. clrrred or contracl,ccl r. Disalril itr; equivalent to Surgeons, in line of duty. rtnkYios!sofrvi'ist, rete valics c. s.,893318934. c. s.,8933-8S42. wiii *rnk from $8 monthly lor pr.il atcs to $30monthly Ior lieu'r,ena,ltcolorei, etc. (See Appendi-r D.) c. s..ss14. g. Permanent .cpccific dis- abiiilr'. r'at,esl^tx.erj ,by law- ail(l 'v3r"yrng,\\ ll,llout regaio to rank, from $24 to $10C monthli'. 'lho rate for in- capacity to Peribrm manual labor is fixod at $30a month. (SeeAppendix R.) c. s.. E947-8962.8968. 3. 0ther disabililics, rates lixed bv Ccrrmissioner of Pensioni and varyin g Irom $6 rnonthly to $27 rnonthly" (SceAppendix C.) c. s., 8giit, 8974,9072. WIOOWS AND CIIILDREN. Servicc of de- Date of mar- -{mount. Retr:0cia,ries. ceasccl. riage. 'Widos's s pf ellictls lIilitarv 0r lV c r-rn d, in- r Prior to Mar. According to : and rtcn, incirlri- Nir,vai Ser- jrrry, or_dis- ..i, 1899-,. or lank of de- inii '.-oluntcers and vice of the la-se in-; letci",ifbc'- ccr.st:tl; mini- militia.r Ilnited curreri in I Jore or dur- rnltrJl is $12 c. s.. 8977. States since iineof tlntv.;l ttt* iire sr:r- rnonthiy auti ]861. I vicc of hus- maxirnnrlt is I l-rand.o gli0 mrinthl-/. cr. s., 8t77, 8980.