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CRF 094-098.qxd:HRIC-Report 9/16/091:54PMPage94 “New ”: 60 Years at a Glance

April 1957: Authorities begin the Rectication Campaign, 1953: Authorities successively launch April 28, 1956: proposes the urging democratic party factions and to give campaigns for Socialist Transformation Double Hundred Policy: “Let a Hundred suggestions to the Party, to “bare their hearts to the Party.” of Agriculture, Handicra Industry, Flowers Bloom” in the arts and “a Soon aerward, Mao Zedong launches the Anti-Rightist and Capitalist Industry and Commerce, Hundred Schools of ought Contend” in Campaign, with the slogan, “Beat back the attack by calling for a “quick march to socialism.” the academe. bourgeois rightists” : 550,000 people branded as rightists.

1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 March 1959: China imposes socialist system Early 1956: Collectivization of agriculture; March, 1958: Mao Zedong launches the 1961 1960 on Tibet in name 218 October 1, 1949: Mao Zedong declares the founding of the People’s Republic of establishment of joint public-private , and sets goal to of “democratic reform”; Dalai China at the Inauguration Ceremony. ownership of businesses in industry and “surpass England in 15 years, catch up to the Lama ees to planned economy United States in 20 years.” e whole nation Authorities designate slogans, including commerce, and the India. “Support the central government of the management system. engages in the Great Smelting of Steel. e people”, and “Long live Chairman People’s Daily promotes the challenge, “If the Mao!” (added by Mao). May 1966: Mao Zedong launches the Great Cultural people dare, the land will bear.” Di erent Revolution. e respond to Mao’s slogans, “To parts of the country greatly exaggerate [their rebel is justied”, “Sweep away all monsters,” and “Smash production gures] while competing to the four olds” (old ideology, old culture, old customs, old “launch the satellite,” causing the Great habits), burning and destroying cultural relics and historical Famine and unnatural death of over 30 1962 sites. million people.

1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963

1978: CPC convenes the ird Plenary 1973 Session of the Eleventh CPC : shis focus to economic development; initiates an era of October 6, 1976: reform and opening up; puts into 1980s: Authorities successively launched the Campaign e “” practice ’s policy of for the Elimination of Spiritual Pollution and the

1974 is crushed. “letting some of the people get rich rst.” Anti-Bourgeois Liberalism Campaign.

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

March 1979: Deng Xiaoping calls for adherence to the Four Cardinal Principles: commitment to socialism, dictatorship of the 2,030 (later changed to people’s democratic dictatorship), leadership of the Communist Party, and to - and Mao Zedong ought.

CRF 094-098.qxd:HRIC-Report 9/16/091:54PMPage95

September 5, 1988: Law on the Protection of State 1998: Ministry April 1989: Hu Yaobang dies, Secrets of the People’s of Public February 22, 1993: State Security Law of triggering large-scale student unrest. Republic of China (中华

Security the People’s Republic of China (中华人民 On the night of June 3, authorities 人民共和国保守国家秘 1986 launches the 共和国国家安全法), promulgated dispatch troops to carry out a bloody 密法), promulgated Golden Shield (e ective on February 22, 1993). suppression of popular protests. (e ective on May 1, 1989). Project (金盾工 程) (including what is later 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 known as the “Great Firewall October 5, 1998: China signs Early 1992: During his southern tour, Deng January 1987: of China”). Xiaoping emphasizes that “development is the United Nation’s Interna- April 13, 2009: State Council issues National General 1998 the absolute principle,” and the “ree tional Covenant on Civil and Human Rights Action Plan 2009-2010; sets Secretary of benets”-- benets to development of the Political Rights, but has not government objectives for human rights protection the CPC, Hu socialist society’s production capability, ratied it to date. and emphasizes the need to integrate universal Yaobang, is 108,720 promoting of the overall national strength of principles of human rights with China’s specic forced to the socialist country, and improvement of 43,300 July 2001: Jiang Zemin conditions. resign. 1999 introduces the ree living standards. e Fourteenth CPC 3,020 May 19, 2009: directive Represents the CPC has Central Committee formally establishes the Chinese government issues always represented the system of socialist market economy. widely interpreted as requiring computer manufac- developmental needs of turers and manufacturers to pre-install ltering “Green Dam Youth Escort” so ware China's advanced social soware – . December 11, 000 2 , the August 13, 2009: Aer criticism from domestic 2001: Aer progressive direction of Internet users, foreign governments, companies and een years of China's advanced trade associations, Chinese government claries negotiations, 2004: Authorities culture, and the basic that Green Dam will be optional except for schools, China enters propose “construc- August 2008: hosts interests of China’s Internet cafes, and other community and public the World tion of a harmoni- Olympics Games, under the slogan majority. ous society. “One world, one dream.” venues where installation is mandatory. Trade 2001 ” Organization (WTO). 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 331,535

March 14, 2004: e Second Plenary Session of 312,443 Since the start of 2009: Authorities begin major the Tenth National People’s Congress adopts preparations for the celebratory activities to mark 703,000 amendment to the Constitution of the People’s the 60th Anniversary of the founding of the PRC, Republic of China: “the state respects and 334,824 expending enormous nancial and human safeguards human rights.” resources. e General Oces of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council jointly issue y 300,000 March 30, 2004: Information Oce of the State 87,000 “60th Anniversary National Day” slogans and Council of the People’s Republic of China issues “ree unwaverings” : unwaveringly hold alo the “White Paper” Progress in China’s Human great banner of socialism, unwaveringly commit to Rights Cause. It states that citizens enjoy the right the socialist road with Chinese characteristics, and Numbers are in 1,000 to information. unwaveringly commit to the socialist theoretical Mobile Internet system with Chinese characteristics. Landlines Phones Users