FAMILY Trichiuridae Rafinesque, 1810 - cutlassfishes, scabbardfishes, hairtails

SUBFAMILY Aphanopodinae Gill, 1863 - scabbardfishes, frostfishes Notes: Aphanopodinae Gill, 1863f:225 [ref. 1686] (subfamily) Aphanopus [stem changed to Aphanop- by Gill 1893b:133 [ref. 26255], confirmed by Goode & Bean 1896:203 [ref. 1848]; original stem Aphanopod- confirmed by Tucker 1956:77 [ref. 32854] and by Nelson 2006:432 [ref. 32486]]

GENUS Aphanopus Lowe, 1839 - scabbardfishes [=Aphanopus Lowe [R. T.], 1839:79] Notes: [ref. 2829]. Masc. Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Aphanopus Lowe, 1839 -- (Parin 1983 [ref. 5304], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref. 11421], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:227 [ref. 6441], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:977 [ref. 13676], Nakamura 1986:829 [ref. 5696], Nakamura & Parin 1993:64 [ref. 21769], Parin 1994:740 [ref. 22089], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3711 [ref. 26304], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1826 [ref. 27115], Parin 2003:S26 [ref. 28536], Bray et al. 2006:1762 [ref. 29091], Biscoito et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31349], Parin et al. 2014:509 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Aphanopus Lowe, 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae.

Species Aphanopus arigato Parin, 1994 - Parin's scabbardfish [=Aphanopus arigato Parin [N. V.], 1994:741] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 34 (no. 6); ref. 22089] Western North Pacific, 39°24'N, 144°27'E, depth 1000-945 meters. Current status: Valid as Aphanopus arigato Parin, 1994. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: North Pacific: Japan to North America, south to Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aphanopus beckeri Parin, 1994 - Becker's scabbardfish [=Aphanopus beckeri Parin [N. V.], 1994:741] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 34 (no. 6); ref. 22089] Southeastern Indian Ocean, Western Australia, 28°04'S, 112°43'E, depth 853 meters. Current status: Valid as Aphanopus beckeri Parin, 1994. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Aphanopus capricornis Parin, 1994 - capricorn scabbardfish [=Aphanopus capricornis Parin [N. V.], 1994:744] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 34 (no. 6); ref. 22089] Western Pacific, 33°38'S, 152°05'E, depth 978-10234 meters. Current status: Valid as Aphanopus capricornis Parin, 1994. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Southwest Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839 - black scabbardfish [=Aphanopus carbo Lowe [R. T.], 1839:79, Aphanopus acus Maul [G. E.], 1948:47, Fig. 18, Aphanopus minor Collett [R.], 1887:3, Aphanopus schmidti Saemundsson [B.], 1908:22, Pl. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Current status: Valid as Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: North Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (acus) [Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal No. 3 (art. 6); ref. 2916] Off Madeira, eastern Atlantic (stomach content). Current status: Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine. (minor) [Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania (for 1886) No. 19; ref. 18021] East coast of Greenland, 65°N, 31°W. Current status: Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine. (schmidti) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1907; ref. 14356] Iceland. Current status: Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Aphanopus intermedius Parin, 1938 - intermediate scabbardfish [=Aphanopus intermedius Parin [N. V.], 1983:358 [4]] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 5304] Southeastern Atlantic off Angola, 6°28'S, 11°13'W, depth 1000 meters. Current status: Valid as Aphanopus intermedius Parin, 1983. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic; Ascencion and Saint Helena islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aphanopus microphthalmus Norman, 1939 - smalleye scabbardfish [=Aphanopus microphthalmus Norman [J. R.], 1939:71, Fig. 25] Notes: [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Gulf of Aden, station 34, depth 1022 meters. Current status: Valid as Aphanopus microphthalmus Norman, 1939. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Aphanopus mikhailini Parin, 1983- Mikhailin's scabbardfish [=Aphanopus mikhailini Parin [N. V.], 1983:356 [2], Fig. 1] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 5304] Walters Shoals, southwestern Indian Ocean, 35°52'S, 40°15'E [or 33°52'N, 45°15'E], depth 1180 meters. Current status: Valid as Aphanopus mikhailini Parin, 1983. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Southern circumglobal, except eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Benthodesmus Goode & Bean, 1882 - frostfishes [=Benthodesmus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.], 1882:380] Notes: [ref. 1839]. Masc. Lepidopus elongatus Clarke, 1879. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Type designated on p. 381. •Valid as Benthodesmus Goode & Bean, 1882 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:253 [ref. 7348], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref. 11421], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:227 [ref. 6441], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:977 [ref. 13676], Nakamura 1986:829 [ref. 5696], Nakamura & Parin 1993:71 [ref. 21769], Gomon et al. 1994:816 [ref. 22532], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3711 [ref. 26304], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1827 [ref. 27115], Parin 2003:S26 [ref. 28536], Bray et al. 2006:1763 [ref. 29091], Gomon 2008:780 [ref. 30616], Parin et al. 2014:509 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus Goode & Bean, 1882. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae.

Species Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke, 1879) - elongate frostfish [=Lepidopus elongatus Clarke [F. E.], 1879:294, Pl. 14] Notes: [Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute v. 11 (art. 25) (for 1878); ref. 18006] Hokitika Beach, South Island, New Zealand. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke, 1879). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Southern circumglobal, including western Mascarenes. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus macrophthalmus Parin & Becker, 1970 - bigeye frostfish [=Benthodesmus macrophthalmus Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.], 1970:356, Fig. 2 (second from top)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Arafura Sea, 9°01'S, 130°39'[or 59'] E, depth 540 meters. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus macrophthalmus Parin & Becker, 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus neglectus Parin, 1976 - neglected frostfish [=Benthodesmus neglectus Parin [N. V.], 1976:192] Notes: [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 104; ref. 8565] Halmahera Sea, north of New Guinea, 0°00'N/S, 135°09'E, depth 500-0 meters. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus neglectus Parin, 1976. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus oligoradiatus Parin & Becker, 1970 - sparse-rayed frostfish [=Benthodesmus oligoradiatus Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.], 1970:355, Fig. 2 (top)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Arabian Sea 13°35'N, 54°31'E, depth 0-1000 meters. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus oligoradiatus Parin & Becker, 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus pacificus Parin & Becker, 1970 - North Pacific frostfish [=Benthodesmus elongatus pacificus Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.], 1970:362] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Northwestern Pacific, off northern Honshu, Japan, 38°35'N, 142°53'E, surface. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus pacificus Parin & Becker, 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus papua Parin, 1978 - Papuan frostfish [=Benthodesmus papua Parin [N. V.], 1978:164, Fig.] Notes: [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 111; ref. 8898] Coral Sea, 12°02'S, 148°57'E. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus papua Parin, 1978. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner, 1891) - Simony's frostfish [=Aphanopus simonyi Steindachner [F.], 1891:173, Benthodesmus atlanticus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.], 1896:205, Pl. 58 (fig. 215)] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 28; ref. 12571] St. Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner, 1891). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: North Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (atlanticus) [Special Bulletin U. S. National Museum No. 2; ref. 1848] Western edge of Grand Bank, Newfoundland, Canada, depth 80 fathoms (stomach content). Current status: Synonym of Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner, 1891). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus suluensis Parin, 1976 - Philippine frostfish [=Benthodesmus suluensis Parin [N. V.], 1976:191] Notes: [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 104; ref. 8565] Sulu Sea, western tropical Pacific, 8°37'N, 119°46'E, depth estimated at 200 meters, 660 meters wire out. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus suluensis Parin, 1976. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus tenuis (Gunther, 1877) - slender frostfish [=Lepidopus tenuis Günther [A.], 1877:437, Lepidopus aomori Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1901:303, Benthodesmus benjamini Fowler [H. W.], 1938:45, Fig. 16] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] Off Inoshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, Inland Sea, Challenger station 232, depth 345 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther, 1877). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas, including Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (aomori) [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 2506] Aomori Bay, Aomori, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther, 1877). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine. (benjamini) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 85 (no. 3032); ref. 1426] Off Atalaya Point, Batag Island, eastern coast of Luzon Island, Philippines, 12°44'42"N, 124°59'50"E, Albatross station D.5445, depth 383 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther, 1877). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus tuckeri Parin & Becker, 1970 - Tucker's frostfish [=Benthodesmus tuckeri Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.], 1970:359, Fig. 2 (second from bottom)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Near the Philippines, Albatross station 5444, 13°45'N, 120°46'E, depth 544 meters. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus tuckeri Parin & Becker, 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Benthodesmus vityazi Parin & Becker, 1970 - Vityaz' frostfish [=Benthodesmus vityazi Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.], 1970:360, Fig. 2 (bottom)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Equatorial central Pacific, 0°04'N, 154°05'W, depth 0-440 meters. Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus vityazi Parin & Becker, 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine

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SUBFAMILY Lepidopodinae Gill, 1863 - scabbardfishes [=Petalosomes] Notes: Pétalosomes Duméril, 1805:120 [ref. 1151] (family) ? Lepidopus [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Lepidopodinae Gill, 1863f:227 [ref. 1686] (subfamily) Lepidopus [stem changed to Lepidop- by Goode & Bean 1896:203 [ref. 1848], confirmed by de Buen 1926:145 [ref. 5054] and by Lindberg 1971:178 [ref. 27211]; original stem Lepidopod- confirmed by Tucker 1956:77, 89 [ref. 32854], by Steyskal 1980:174 [ref. 14191] and by Nelson 2006:432 [ref. 32486]]

GENUS Assurger Whitley, 1933 - scabbardfishes [=Assurger Whitley [G. P.], 1933:84] Notes: [ref. 4677]. Masc. Evoxymetopon anzac Alexander, 1917. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Assurger Whitley, 1933 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:255 [ref. 7348], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref. 11421], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Nakamura & Parin 1993:69 [ref. 21769], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3710 [ref. 26304], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1827 [ref. 27115], Bray et al. 2006:1762 [ref. 29091]). Current status: Valid as Assurger Whitley, 1933. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae.

Species Assurger anzac (Alexander, 1917) - razorback scabbardfish [=Evoxymetopon anzac Alexander [W. B.], 1917:104, Pl. 7, Assurger alexanderi Whitley [G. P.], 1933:84] Notes: [Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society, Western Australia, Perth v. 2; ref. 15232] North Fremantle, Western Australia. Current status: Valid as Assurger anzac (Alexander, 1917). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Probably circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas, including Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (alexanderi) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] North Fremantle, Western Australia. Current status: Synonym of Assurger anzac (Alexander, 1917). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Eupleurogrammus Gill, 1862 - hairtails [=Eupleurogrammus Gill [T. N.] 1862:126] Notes: [ref. 1659]. Masc. Trichiurus muticus Gray 1831. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Eupleurogrammus Gill 1862 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:257 [ref. 7348], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref. 11421], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Nakamura & Parin 1993:84 [ref. 21769], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3712 [ref. 26304], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:28 [ref. 26771], Ataur Rahman 2003:283 [ref. 31338]). Current status: Valid as Eupleurogrammus Gill 1862. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae.

Species Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker, 1860) - longtooth hairtail [=Trichiurus glossodon Bleeker [P.], 1860:38, Trichiurus intermedius Gray [J. E.], 1831:10, Trichiurus medius Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.], 1834:349, Pl. 6 (fig. 3) (opp. p. 348)] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 4); ref. 377] Soengidoeri in Bangkayang, western Borneo. Current status: Valid as Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker, 1860). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine. (intermedius) [Zoological Miscellany 1831; ref. 21394] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker, 1860). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (medius) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] No locality stated. Current status: Synonym of Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker, 1860). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831) - smallhead hairtail [=Trichiurus muticus Gray [J. E.], 1831:10] Notes: [Zoological Miscellany 1831; ref. 21394] India. Current status: Valid as Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Evoxymetopon Gill, 1863 - scabbardfishes [=Evoxymetopon Gill [T. N.], 1863:227] Notes: [ref. 1686]. Neut. Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill, 1863. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Euoxymetopon by Günther 1887:39 [ref. 2013]. Authorship is Gill, not Poey. •Valid as Evoxymetopon Gill, 1863 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:255 [ref. 7348], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref. 11421], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Nakamura & Parin 1993:87 [ref. 21769], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1827 [ref. 27115], Chakraborty et al. 2006:137 [ref. 28694], Fricke et al. 2014:293 [ref. 33200]). Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon Gill, 1863. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae.

Species Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus Chakraborty et al., 2006 - Chakraborty's scabbardfish [=Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus Chakraborty [A.], Yoshino [T.] & Iwatsuki [Y.], 2006:137, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 53 (no. 2); ref. 28694] Off Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan (market purchase). Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus Chakraborty, Yoshino & Iwatsuki, 2006. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Ryukyu Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Evoxymetopon moricheni Fricke et al., 2014 - Fricke's scabbardfish [=Evoxymetopon moricheni Fricke [R.], Golani [D.] & Applebaum-Golani [B.], 2014:293, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 61 (no. 3); ref. 33200] Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, 1.1 km northeast of Taba, 29°29'48.37"N, 34°54'36.42"E, drifting dead off the shore, depth 5 meters. Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon moricheni Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2014. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Israel, Red Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Evoxymetopon poey Gunther, 1887 - Poey's scabbardfish [=Euoxymetopon poeyi Günther [A.], 1887:39, Pl. 43] Notes: [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 22 (pt 57); ref. 2013] Port Louis, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 70 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon poeyi Günther, 1887. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Réunion, Mauritius (western Mascarenes); southern Japan to Kyushu-Palau Ridge. Habitat: marine.

Species Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill, 1863 - channel scabbardfish [=Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill [T. N.] (ex Poey), 1863:228] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1686] Cuba. Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill, 1863. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Atlantic and western North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Lepidopus Gouan, 1770 - scabbardfishes [=Lepidopus Goüan [A.], 1770:107, 185, Scarcina Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:20, Vandellius Shaw [G.], 1803:199, Ziphotheca Montagu [G.], 1811:81] Notes: [ref. 1863]. Masc. Lepidopus gouanianus Lacepède, 1800 (= Trichiurus caudatus Euphrasen, 1788). Type by subsequent monotypy or subsequent designation. No included species; first addition possibly by Cuvier 1797:344 [ref. 1018], and if first then type is argenteus. If Cuvier 1797 was not first, then probably type was designated by Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 9, 1826:291 [ref. 3853] on Lacepède (see Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396]). Jordan 1917:28 [ref. 2407] says type is L. gouani = Trichiurus caudatus. Family spelling changed 22 Feb. 2014. •Valid as Lepidopus Goüan, 1770 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Nakamura 1986:830 [ref. 5696], Rosenblatt & Wilson 1987 [ref. 6711], Nakamura & Parin 1993:90 [ref. 21769], Gomon et al. 1994:817 [ref. 22532], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:2 [ref. 25565], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1827 [ref. 27115], Bray et al. 2006:1764 [ref. 29091], Gomon 2008:780 [ref. 30616], Parin et al. 2014:510 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopus Goüan, 1770. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. (Scarcina) [ref. 3594]. Fem. Scarcina argyrea Rafinesque, 1810. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1917:79 [ref. 2407]. •Synonym of Lepidopus Goüan, 1770 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Nakamura & Parin 1993:90 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus Goüan, 1770. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. (Vandellius) [ref. 4014]. Masc. Vandellius lusitanicus Shaw, 1803. Type by monotypy. Vandillia and Vandellia are misspellings. •Synonym of Lepidopus Goüan, 1770 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Nakamura & Parin 1993:90 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus Goüan, 1770. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. (Ziphotheca) [ref. 3038]. Fem. Ziphotheca tetradens Montagu, 1811. Type by monotypy. Spelled Xiphotheca by Jordan et al. 1930:262 [ref. 6476], Zyphothyca by Swainson 1839:239 [ref. 4303], and Xipotheca by Jordan 1917:84 [ref. 2407]. •Synonym of Lepidopus Goüan, 1770 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206] as Ziphotexa, Nakamura & Parin 1993:90 [ref. 21769] as Ziphoteca). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus Goüan, 1770. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae.

Species Lepidopus altifrons Parin & Collette, 1993 - crested scabbardfish [=Lepidopus altifrons Parin [N. V.] & Collette [B. B.], 1993:189, Fig. 1] Notes: [Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft v. 41 (no. 3); ref. 20649] Gulf of Mexico, 28°49'N, 86°38'W, depth 443 meters. Current status: Valid as Lepidopus altifrons Parin & Collette, 1993. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Lepidopus calcar Parin & Mikhailin, 1982 - Hawaiian ridge scabbardfish [=Lepidopus calcar Parin [N. V.] & Mikhailin [S. V.], 1982:27, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 29 (no. 1); ref. 8433] Colahan [Kolahan] Seamount, Hawaiian Ridge, central Pacific, 31°01'N, 175°53'E, depth 270 meters. Current status: Valid as Lepidopus calcar Parin & Mikhailin, 1982. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Hawaiian Ridge endemic. Habitat: marine.

Species Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788) - silver scabbardfish [=Trichiurus caudatus Euphrasen [B. A.], 1788:52, Pl. 9 (fig. 2), Lepidopus argenteus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Goüan), 1788:58, Pl. 87 (fig. 364), Scarcina argyrea Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:20, Pl. 7 (fig. 1), Lepidopus argyreus Cuvier [G.], 1829:217, Trichiurus ensiformis Vandelli [D.], 1797:70, Trichiurus gladius Holten [H. S. von], 1802:23, Pl. 2 (fig. 1), Lepidopus gouanianus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1800:519, 520, Lepidopus goueani Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:694, Lepidopus lex Phillipps [W. J.], 1932:232, Vandellius lusitanicus Shaw [G.], 1803:199, Lepidopus peronii Risso [A.], 1810:148, Pl. 5 (fig. 18), Ziphotheca tetradens Montagu [G.], 1811:82, Pls. 2-3, Lepidopus xantusi Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.], 1896:519, Pl. 58 (fig. 213)] Notes: [Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar, Stockholm v. 9 (for 1788); ref. 17466] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Widespread, scattered localities, including Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Habitat: marine. (argenteus) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Montpellier, France, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (argyrea) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (argyreus) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Eastern Atlantic, from England to Cape of Good Hope. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (ensiformis) [Memorias de agriculture: premiados pela Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. v. 1; ref. 17880] Lisbon, Portugal. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (gladius) [Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet Kiøbenhavn v. 5; ref. 18306] Portugal. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (gouanianus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 2; ref. 2709] Mediterranean Sea (is Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Region, France). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (goueani) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (lex) [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 16393] New Zealand. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (lusitanicus) [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Portugal. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (peronii) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (tetradens) [Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh v. 1 [1809]; ref. 3038] Britain. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. (xantusi) [Special Bulletin U. S. National Museum No. 2; ref. 1848] Cape San Lucas, Baja California. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Lepidopus dubius Parin & Mikhailin, 1981 - doubtful scabbardfish [=Lepidopus dubius Parin [N. V.] & Mikhailin [S. V.], 1981:404 [2], Fig. 1] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 8564] Southeastern Atlantic, off Angola, 6°38'S, 11°38'E, depth 490-495 meters. Current status: Valid as Lepidopus dubius Parin & Mikhailin, 1981. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987 - Fitch's scabbardfish [=Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Wilson [R. R., Jr.], 1987:348, Fig. 6] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (no. 4); ref. 6711] Baja California Norte, about 1.5 kilometers northern of North Coronado Island, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Lepidopus manis Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987 - ghost scabbardfish [=Lepidopus manis Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Wilson [R. R., Jr.], 1987:344, Fig. 5] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (no. 4); ref. 6711] Webb Cove, Isabela Island, Galápagos Islands (found dead). Current status: Valid as Lepidopus manis Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Galápagos Islands. Habitat: marine

****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Trichiurinae Rafinesque, 1810 - hairtails [=Trichiurini, Lepturoidae] Notes: Trichiurini Rafinesque, 1810b:37 [ref. 3595] (ordine) Trichiurus [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; latinized to Trichiuria by Rafinesque 1815:91 [ref. 3584] (subfamily); latinized to Trichiurini by Bonaparte 1831:158 [ref. 4978] (subfamily); considered valid with this authorship by Gill 1893b:133 [ref. 26255], by Patterson 1993:649 [ref. 32940] and by Sheiko 2013:127 [ref. 32944] Article 11.7.2; senior objective synonym of Lepturoidae Gill, 1861] Lepturoidae Gill, 1861a:35 [ref. 1766] (family) Lepturus [junior objective synonym of Trichiurini Rafinesque, 1810, invalid, Article 61.3.2]

GENUS Demissolinea Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003 - hairtails [=Demissolinea Burhanuddin [A. I.] & Iwatsuki [Y.], 2003:24] Notes: [ref. 26771]. Fem. Demissolinea novaeguineensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Demissolinea Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003. Current status: Valid as Demissolinea Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

Species Demissolinea novaeguineensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003 - New Guinean hairtail [=Demissolinea novaeguineensis Burhanuddin [A. I.] & Iwatsuki [Y.], 2003:25, Figs. 1A, 2, 3A, 4A, 5A] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 50 (no. 1); ref. 26771] Off Dolak Island, New Guinea, 7°30'S, 137°40'E. Current status: Valid as Demissolinea novaeguineensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Dolak Island, southwestern New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Lepturacanthus Fowler, 1905 - hairtails [=Lepturacanthus (subgenus of Trichiurus) Fowler [H. W.], 1905:770] Notes: [ref. 1368]. Masc. Trichiurus savala Cuvier, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Lepturacanthus Fowler, 1905 -- (Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref. 11421], Nakamura & Parin 1993:99 [ref. 21769], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3712 [ref. 26304], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:28 [ref. 26771], Ataur Rahman 2003:282 [ref. 31338], Bray et al. 2006:1764 [ref. 29091]). Current status: Valid as Lepturacanthus Fowler, 1905. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

Species Lepturacanthus pantului (Gupta, 1966) - Coromandel hairtail [=Trichiurus pantului Gupta [M. V.], 1966:170] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Calcutta v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 20817] Frasergunj, 24-Parganas District, western Bengal, India. Current status: Valid as Lepturacanthus pantului (Gupta, 1966). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Lepturacanthus roelandti (Bleeker, 1860) - Roelandt's hairtail [=Trichiurus roelandti Bleeker [P.], 1860:35] Notes: [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 4); ref. 377] Sungiduri in Bangkayang, western Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Lepturacanthus roelandti (Bleeker, 1860). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

Species Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829) - Savalani hairtail [=Trichiurus savala Cuvier [G.], 1829:219, Trichiurus armatus Gray [J. E.], 1831:9] Notes: [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Puducherry, India. Current status: Valid as Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. (armatus) [Zoological Miscellany 1831; ref. 21394] Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Tentoriceps Whitley, 1948 - hairtails [=Tentoriceps Whitley [G. P.], 1948:94, Pseudoxymetopon Chu [Y.-T.] & Wu [H.-L.], 1962:219] Notes: [ref. 4710]. Neut. Trichiurus cristatus Klunzinger, 1884. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Tentoriceps Whitley, 1948 -- (Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref. 11421], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Nakamura 1986:830 [ref. 5696], Nakamura & Parin 1993:101 [ref. 21769], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3712 [ref. 26304], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:28 [ref. 26771], Bray et al. 2006:1765 [ref. 29091]). Current status: Valid as Tentoriceps Whitley, 1948. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (Pseudoxymetopon) [ref. 834]. Neut. Pseudoxymetopon sinensis Chu & Wu, 1962. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Tentoriceps Whitley, 1948 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:101 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Tentoriceps Whitley, 1948. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

Species Tentoriceps cristatus (Klunzinger, 1884) - crested hairtail [=Trichiurus cristatus Klunzinger [C. B.], 1884:120, 121, Pl. 13 (fig. 5), Pseudoxymetopon sinensis Chu [Y.-T.] & Wu [H.-L.], 1962:219, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Die Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 2625] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Tentoriceps cristatus (Klunzinger, 1884). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: marine. (sinensis) [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 834] Off Dai-Chen Island, Chekiang Province, China. Current status: Synonym of Tentoriceps cristatus (Klunzinger, 1884). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758 - hairtails [=Trichiurus Linnaeus [C.], 1758:246, Diepinotus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1815:91, Encheliopus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein), 1792:583, Enchelyopus Klein [J. T.], 1775:32, Enchelyopus Bleeker [P.], 1862:109, Gymnogaster Gronow [L. T.], 1763:136, Lepturus Gill [T. N.], 1861:35, Symphocles Rafinesque [C. S.], 1815:91] Notes: [ref. 2787]. Masc. Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Trachiurus by Griffith & Smith 1834:Pl. 6 (opp. p. 348) [ref. 1908]. •Valid as Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:257 [ref. 7348], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref. 11421], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:979 [ref. 13676], Nakamura 1986:830 [ref. 5696], Ataur Rahman 1989:258 [ref. 24860], Li 1992 [ref. 19796], Nakamura & Parin 1993:103 [ref. 21769], Gomon et al. 1994:818 [ref. 22532], Gago 1997:161 [ref. 23513], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:460 [ref. 24550], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3712 [ref. 26304]. Burhanuddin et al. 2002:211 [ref. 26330], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:28 [ref. 26771], Parin & Nakamura 1826 [ref. 27115], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:270 [ref. 27214], Parin 2003:S26 [ref. 28536], Chakraborty et al. 2005:165 [ref. 28231], Chakraborty et al. 2006:93 [ref. 28721], Bray et al. 2006:1765 [ref. 29091], Burhanuddin & Parin 2008:825 [ref. 29973], Gomon 2008:781 [ref. 30616], Shinohara et al. 2011:54 [ref. 31715], Parin et al. 2014:510 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (Diepinotus) [ref. 3584]. Masc. Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Species added by Fowler 1936:641 [ref. 6546], but with genus in synonymy; not available from Rafinesque and not made available by Fowler. Used as name only; perhaps intended to be Dispinotus as used by Jordan 1917:92 [ref. 2407]. •In the synonymy of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (Encheliopus) [ref. 4572]. Masc. Not available, published in a part of work rejected for nomenclatural purposes in Opinion 21 (1938). Based on Enchelyopus of Klein 1744:52 [ref. 30141]. •In the synonymy of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (Enchelyopus) [ref. 2618]. Masc. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. •In the synonymy of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (Enchelyopus) [ref. 387]. Masc. Trichiurus haumela Valenciennes, 1832 (= Clupea haumela Forsskål, 1775). Type by monotypy. As used by Bleeker 1862 et seq., genus is same as Enchelyopus Klein, 1775 (not available). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Enchelyopus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. •Synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:103 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (Gymnogaster) [ref. 1910]. Fem. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 261). •In the synonymy of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (Lepturus) [ref. 1766]. Masc. Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. Revival of pre-Linnaean name; apparently preoccupied by Lepturus Molhring, 1758 in Aves [not researched]. •Objective synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:103 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (Symphocles) [ref. 3584]. Masc. Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared as name only in synonymy of Trachiurus Linnaeus. Fowler 1936:641 [ref. 6546] named a type but did not validly use the taxon; apparently not available. •In the synonymy of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

Species Trichiurus auriga Klunzinger, 1884 - pearly hairtail [=Trichiurus auriga Klunzinger [C. B.], 1884:120, 121, Pl. 12 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Die Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 2625] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus auriga Klunzinger, 1884. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: western India; Timor Sea and northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Trichiurus australis Chakraborty et al., 2005 - Southern hairtail [=Trichiurus australis Chakraborty [A.], Burhanuddin [A. I.] & Iwatsuki [Y.], 2005:166, Figs. 1, 2, 3A] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 52 (no. 2); ref. 28231] Off Skyringville Passage, Burnett River mouth, Bundaberg, 24°44'S, 152°23'E, Australia. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus australis Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2005. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Trichiurus brevis Wang & You, in Wang et al., 1992 - Chinese short-tailed hairtail [=Trichiurus brevis Wang [K.-L.] & You [F.], in Wang, Liu, You & Xu, 1992:70, Fig., Trichiurus minor Li [C.-S.], 1992:213, Fig. 1A] Notes: [Marine Science (Beijing) No. 2; ref. 22014] South China Sea. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus brevis Wang & You, 1992. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: South China Sea. Habitat: marine. (minor) [Marine Sciences v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 19796] Baimajing, Sanya, Hainan Island, China. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus brevis Wang & You, 1992. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: marine.

Species Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta, 1966 - Ganges hairtail [=Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta [M. V.], 1966:169, Lepturacanthus serratus Dutt [S.] & Thankam [V.], 1967:756, Fig. b] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Calcutta v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 20817] Frasergunj, 24-Parganas District, western Bengal. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta, 1966. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: brackish, marine. (serratus) [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 63 (no. 3, art. 7) (for 1966); ref. 7887] Waltair, Andhra Pradesh, India. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta, 1966. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Trichiurus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 - Japanese hairtail [=Trichiurus lepturus japonicus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1844:102, Pl. 54] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Japan (probably near Nagasaki, possibly Shimabara Bay). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan, China and Taiwan. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 - largehead hairtail [=Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus [C.], 1758:246, Trichiurus argenteus Shaw [G.], 1803:90, Pl. 12, Trichiurus coxii Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.], 1887:562, Trichiurus electricus Forster [J. R.] (ex Willughby), 1795:14, Pl. 3 (fig. 3), Trichiurus hamrela Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:518, Clupea haumela Forsskål [P. S.], 1775:72, xiii, Trichiurus lajor Bleeker [P.], 1854:248, Trichiurus malabaricus Day [F.], 1865:20, Gasterosteus malacensis Cabrera [A.], Pérez [L.] & Haenseler [F.], 1817:7, Gasterosteus malacensis Cabrera, Pérez [A.] & Haenseler [F.], in Machado, 1857:24, Lepidopus malacensis Cabrera [A.], Pérez [L.] & Haenseler [F.], 1817:3] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America and China. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in warm seas, including Mediterranean Sea. Habitat: brackish, marine. (argenteus) [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Rivers and larger lakes of South America, India and China. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (coxii) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 2 (pt 2, 3); ref. 14476] Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (electricus) [Zoologia Indica, sistens descriptiones animalium selectorum; ref. 18091] Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (hamrela) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (haumela) [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Mochhæ] Al-Mukhā, Yemen, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (lajor) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 345] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (malabaricus) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865 (pt 1) (art. 1); ref. 17367] Cochin, Malabar coast, India. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (malacensis) [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (malacensis) [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. (malacensis) [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

Species Trichiurus margarites Li, 1992 - Li's hairtail [=Trichiurus margarites Li [C.-S.], 1992:213, Fig. 1B] Notes: [Marine Sciences v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 19796] Baimajing, Yinggehai, Sanya, Hanin Island, China. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus margarites Li, 1992. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

Species Trichiurus nanhaiensis Wang & Xu, Wany et al., 1992 - Wang's hairtail [=Trichiurus nanhaiensis Wang [K.-L.] & Xu [C.], in Wang, Liu, You & Xu, 1992:70, Fig.] Notes: [Marine Science (Beijing) No. 2; ref. 22014] West Pacific. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus nanhaiensis Wang & Xu, 1992. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Habitat: marine.

Species Trichiurus nickolensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003 - Australian short-tailed hairtail [=Trichiurus nickolensis Burhanuddin [A. I.] & Iwatsuki [Y.], 2003:271, Figs. 1, 2A] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 27214] Northeast of Nickole Bay, Western Australia, 19°35'S, 117°12'-117°14'E, depth 77-79 meters. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus nickolensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Trichiurus nitens Garman, 1899 - Garman's hairtail [=Trichiurus nitens Garman [S.], 1899:69] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Coast of Peru, 7°N, 79°-80°W, Albatross station 3354 and 3389, depth 210-322 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus nitens Garman, 1899. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: California to Galápagos Islands to Peru. Habitat: marine.

Species Trichiurus russelli Dutt & Thankam, 1967 - short-tailed hairtail [=Trichiurus russelli Dutt [S.] & Thankam [V.], 1967:755, Fig. a] Notes: [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 63 (no. 3, art. 7) (for 1966); ref. 7887] Vishakhapatnam, India. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus russelli Dutt & Thankam, 1967. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: India and Gulf of Thailand. Habitat: marine

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Unavailable names, uncertain taxa argenteus, Lepidopus Brauer [A.] 1906:292, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Die Tiefsee-Fische v. 15; ref. 632] Indian Ocean off northeastern Africa, 9°06'01"N, 53°41'2"E, bottom depth 5064 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMB 17681. Objectively invalid, preoccupied by Lepidopus argenteus Bonnaterre 1788. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. gouani, Lepidopus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:239, Pl. 53 (lower fig.) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality (= Mediterranean Sea). Spelled goüani on plate, gouani in text and Index. the 'ü' in goueani should be treated as a vocal separate from the 'o', spoken 'go-u-an. Name is correctly gouani (R. Fricke, pers. comm., 22 Mar. 2008). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine. pallidus, Lepidopus Savigny [J.-C.] in Kaup 1856:148 [Catalogue of the apodal fish in the collection of the British Museum; ref. 2573] Not available, Savigny name and brief description mentioned in synonymy of Leptocephalus punctatus; from Nice, France. acutirostris, Trichiurus Günther [A.] 1860:348 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Not available, name on specimen mentioned under Trachiurus muticus. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. indicus, Trichiurus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1142 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Indian Ocean. No types known. Based on several literature sources. •A muraenid or anguilliform species -- (Burhanuddin et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26330]). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.