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A Taxonomic and Distributional Study of the Family Bucephalidae (Trematoda) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

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A Taxonomic and Distributional Study of the Family Bucephalidae (Trematoda) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1963 A Taxonomic and Distributional Study of the Family Bucephalidae (Trematoda) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Kenneth C. Corkum Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Corkum, Kenneth C., "A Taxonomic and Distributional Study of the Family Bucephalidae (Trematoda) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico." (1963). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 876. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/876 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—5036' microfilmed exactly as received CORKUM, Kenneth C., 1930- A TAXONOMIC AND DISTRIBUTIONAL STUDY OF THE FAMILY BUCE PHALJDAE (TREMATODA) IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1963 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A TAXONOMIC AND DISTRIBUTIONAL STUDY OF THE FAMILY BUCEPHALIDAE (TREMATODA) IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Zoology, Entomology and Physiology by Kenneth C. Corkum B.S., Aurora College, 1958 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1960 August, 1963 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: Plates tend to "curl". Filmed in the best possible way. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to gratefully acknowledge the suggestions and guidance of Dr. Harry J. Bennett. I am also indebted to Dr. Allen McIntosh of the Animal Disease and Parasite Research Division, Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, for the loan of type specimens from the United States National Museum Helminthological Collection. Thanks are also due Dr. Robert B, Short of Florida State University and Dr. Franklin Sogandares of Tulane University for allowing me to examine specimens from their private collections. My gratitude is also expressed to Dr. Herbert Boschung of the University of Alabama for his identification of the majority of fishes represented in this study and to Dr. J. Harvey Roberts for his assistance in the preparation of the photographic reproductions that appear in this work. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. ACKNOWLEDGMENT............ i i II. LIST OF TABLES...................................... v III. ABSTRACT............................... vi IV. INTRODUCTION........................................ 1 V. MATERIAL AND METHODS................................ 3 VI. GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE FAMILY BUCEPHALIDAE.......... 6 VII. SYSTEMATICS OF THE FAMILY BUCEPHALIDAE.............. 10 Subfamily BUCEPHALINAE........................'... 31 Bucephalus brevitentaculatus.................... 31 Bucephalus cynoscion;...................... i... 36 Bucephalus gorgon............................... 42 Bucephalus scorpaenae........................... 50 gucephalus varicus.............................. 53 Bucephaloides arcuatus.......................... 56 Bucephaloides bennetti.......................... 62 Bucephaloides caecorum.......................... 63 Bucephaloides longicirrus................. 67 Bucephaloides longoviferus...................... 72 Bucephaloides megacirrus........................ 75 Bucephaloides paralichthydis '............ 78 Bucephaloides pomatomus................ 80 Bucephaloides scomberomorus................ 86 Bucephaloides trichiuri......................... 89 I Bucephaloides truncatus......................... 91 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS cont. PAGE Rhipidocotyle adbaculum......................... 94 Rhipidocotyle angusticolle...................... 97 Rhipidocotyle lepisostei........................ 101 Rhipidocotyle lintoni........................... 103 Rhipidocotyle longleyi.......................... 107 Rhipidocotyle nagatyi........................... 109 Rhipidocotyle transversale...................... 112 Pararhipidocotyle megagas ter.................... 115 Subfamily PROSORHYNCHINAE............ 121 Prosorhynchus gonoderus......................... 121 Prosorhynchus ozakii............................ 125 Prosorhynchus pacificus......................... 130 VIII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS............................. 134 IX. BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................ 156 X. EXPLANATION OF PLATES............................... 167 XI. PLATES.............................................. 169 XII. BIOGRAPHY........................................... 219 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES PAGE TABLE I The fundamental characteristics of the genera in the family BUCEPHALIDAE....... 28-29 TABLE II Comparisons of morphologically similar species in the genus Bucephaloides............ 32-83 TABLE III The distribution of northern Gulf Bucephalids in the western Atlantic, Caribbean, American Pacific and tropical Gulf of Mexico...........,.................... 139-140 TABLE IV Host List..................................... 141-155 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT A total of twenty seven species of gasterostomatous trematodes are reported from various estuarine and marine fishes from the northern Gulf of Mexico. A new genus and several new species are described in conjunction with a re-evaluation of the classification of subfamilies in the trematode family Bucephalidae. New hosts and localities are reported and comparisons are made between the bucephalid fauna of the northern Gulf and adjacent areas. A complete host-parasite list is also presented. vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION Studies of the trematode fauna thus far undertaken in the Gulf of Mexico have, for the most part, only touched upon the family Bucephalidae. With the exception of a few works, most reports of bucephalids have been confined to sporadic accounts of new species. Linton (1910) conducted a survey of fish trematodes in the area of Dry Tortugas, Florida, and found a number of gasterostome species. Although much of his work has since had to be revised, it was a noteworthy beginning. Manter (1934) reported four new species from deep water fishes taken off Dry Tortugas and in 1935, Chandler described a new form collected on the Texas Coast. Manter (1940c) published a work on the bucephalids in which he reported and described fifteen species from fishes of tropical Florida. Melugin (1940) named, but did not describe, a new species from the shallow waters of the Louisiana Coast and in 1941, Chandler gave an account of a second new species from Texas waters. By 1947, Manter was able to list sixteen species of gasterostomes found in the fishes of the Gulf, the majority of which were known only from Florida. Hopkins (1950) began a series of studies on the gasterostomes in the northern and western Gulf and in 1954, Manter listed the names of eighteen gulf species. The same year, Hopkins (1954) described three new bucephalids from the northern Gulf. He also contributed a very thorough analysis of some of the taxonomic problems that had developed since the beginning of gasterostome taxonomy. 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Sogandares (1955) named a new gasterostome from Lake Ponchatrain, Louisiana, and in the following year, Hopkins (1956) described two additional species from Grand Isle, Louisiana. Sparks (1957) made a general survey of the northern Gulf and recorded the incidence of eight described species of gasterostomes in fishes of the Louisiana Coast. Sogandares and Hutton (1959 and 1960) reported five known species from the Tampa Bay area of Florida. Sparks (1960) made several interesting comparisons between the fauna of different parts of the Gulf of Mexico and in 1961, Corkum named a new species from the coast of Louisiana as did Riggin and Sparks (1962). It is quite evident from the above resume'that only a limited amount of information has been accumulated concerning the gasterostomes of the Gulf of Mexico. This is especially true in areas other than the tropical waters of South Florida. Because the Louisiana Coast is in a subtropical region and, since it has a coastal estuary unlike any other in the world, it is of considerable interest to investigate the various faunas common to its unique
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