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Prepared by: Co::.:::t.I:lity Relat i o Iofor-...ation Of fice Headq arters, Presi o o San Franc· sco
PRESIDIO OF AN FRANCISC O~ CALIFOR~IA SA · -6 · . A 72 HISTORIC TRAIL , PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA The Corps of Engineers is symbolized by the tr<;1ditional triple turreted t he site of Fort Point . The Castill o t.13S built in t he form o f a horseshoe Baker and Baker's Beach a r e named in hi s honor. He was k ille d in a c t ion i n a t Fort Or d , For l Lewis and Fort Carson; an d 17 , 000 civilian employees. castl e which r elates t o t heir role of construc t ion of field f o rti fications wt th 10- f oo t t h i ck palisade- t ype walls . Eight br onze cannon , c ast in Lima, 1861 at Bal l 's Bluff , Vir ginia. and close suppor t t o the combat f or ces. Peru in t he 17 t h century , ·••ere placed in t he embrasures t hat pie r ced the Thi s headquarte r s controls or s upervises the training o f more t han 250,000 The Presidio of San Fr anci sco is ope n to the public . Nume r ous areas f o rt wall s . Six of t hese cannon remain today: two flank t he entrance t o Pauline Cush:ian Fryer, a n a c tress and f amous Union spy dur ing the Civil members of the Ar my Na t ional Guar d, the Ar my Rese r ve , t he Reser ve Officer a re available for the public ' s enjoyment and pleasur e . The Histor ic Trail The seal of the Department of t he Army and t he Gr eat Seal of the United t he Officers' Club , two flank t\ie main flag pole. . and two are at Fo rt Mason . War, was awarded t he r ank o f Bre ve t - Maj or for he r service t o t he Uni on cause. Tr ai ning Corps, an d t he Nationa l Defense Cadet Cor ps. ' was established primar ily for the of youth o r ganizations ; never theless , St a tes also are seen on t hese col umns. all visitor s a r e welcome to en j oy the park- like atmosphere and the histo r ic In 1847, whe n the U.S . Army occupitd the Presidio , t he Casti llo was Gen e ral Freder ick Funston, who c ap t ur e d Aguinaldo during the Phili ppine The Sixth U. S. Ar my ColDllan de r i s a l s o r espons ibl e f or coor d inating a ll sites of this Army installation. falling into r uin . During 1854 the old Castil l o was r azed by t he U. S. Army , I nsurrection and 'J ort the Medal o f Honor . He directed Army r eli ef during t he military eff o r ts in t he 12 we s t ern states, includi ng planning f o r de fense STATION 89 - fiJUNTAIN LAKE and the 100- foo t clif f on wh ich it had stood was cut away t o a s olid rock period of the 1900 San Fr an cisco earthquake and fir e. mobilization, domestic eme r gency , and c i vil def e nse . As a par ticipant in the The trail f eatures some rugged hiking wit h t he opportunity t o a cquire foundation 16 feet above t he water. Work on Fort Point beg an t he s a me year de fense o f wes tern Nor th America, t he Si xth Army s har e s as a. planning a gency a broade r knowl edge o f the historical significance of the Presidio of San Captain Juan Bautis ta de Anza , Lieutenant Mor aga , Father Fo n t and o t her and in 1861 it was garrisoned by two coripanies o f the 3rd U. S . Artiller y. P:riva te Yil lia:::i Hood ser ved as chie f c ivil engineer d uring the constr uction i n conjunction wi t h other commands and agencies . Francisco. Majo r poin t s of inte r est are highlight ed in this pamphlet. sold iers establish e d a campsite on the shores of t hi s lake in March 1776. Fort Point, de signe d approximat e l y on t he plan of For t Sumte r, S.C., is in of t he Uni on Pacific Rai lroad which l inked San Francisco and Salt Lake Cit y. Additional information on other points of interest can be obtained from Fr om t hi s site they car ried ou t explorations an d selected a sui t able place the for m of an irr e gu lar quadrangle. The width is 150 fe e t, t he longest side From t he Canadian Borde r s outh to Mexica - f r om the Pacific east t o t he Offi ce of the Chief, Public Affairs, Headquarter s, Sixth U.S. Army to b uild a pr esidio and a mission. is 250 feet, height 45 feet, and the t hickness of the walls abo ut 7 feet . On Genera l Ht.mt.e r Li ggett c onmande d t he First Ar my o f t he Amer ican Exped i t he Rocky MoWl. tains - the Sixth U. S. Army covers a n area which i s over one (telephones : 561-2470 or 561- 3870 from .7 : 30 am t o 4:00 pm , Monday t h r ough Noveuber 25 , 1882, Fort Point was r enamed For t Winfie ld Scott in honor of t ionary Fo rce in France during Wo rld War I . t hird o f t he l andmass o f t he American continent . I t s t welve western s t a t es Friday) . An old Spanish chart of 1 779 indicates the lake as "Laguna de Pr esidio . " Br~vet Lieutenant General Winfield Scott. The for t was consi der ed obso l e t e Old American maps show the l ak e a s "Mountain Lake. " in 1905 and ner..• construction s tar ted on a new fort on t he. h i l l s t o t he south . i ncl ude: Arizona, Ca l i fornia, Colorado , I daho , Mon tana, Nevada, North Cener al I n.'in McDowe ll served as t he Commandi ng General , Department of Dakot a, Oregon , Sout h Dakota, Utah , Wash i ngt on and Wyoming. The new f o r t was named Fo rt Winfield Scott and the old fort a gai n was referred th e Pacific . Fo rt McDowell on Angel Island was named i n his hon or. STATION U - MILITARY POLICE STATION Ear lier r ecords indicate t hat the l ake was f irst used as a sourc e of co as Fort Point. In 1914 the old for t was abandoned afte r 60 y ea r s of service . water for t he Pr esidio i n 1853 . It was also used t o s upply water to the In Wo rld War II, a 3" gun ·batt ery and a sear chlight detachment manned t he fort General Willia:l R. Shafter who commanded t he American Exped ition i n Cuba STAT ION 828 - POST GYMNASIUM This area marked t he end of several of San Fr ancisco's str eet car city of San Fr ancisco. to suppor t San Francisco ' s har bor defenses. Today , the Ci v il v;"ar's Fort Point dur ing the Spanish Ame r ican War. lines. One of these , t he line known t o t he people o f San Francisco as t he stands as an exanpl e of the for tificat i on of its time and one o f t he first Completed in 1971 t h e Pos t Gymnasium provides recreat i onal fac ili ties "D" Line, operated f r om the historic Ferry Building to the P r esidio unti l A flume (to.uoden trou gh) belonging t o the Spring Valley Wate r W'o r ks exampl es of t his type of archit ecture in the Unite d States. Fo rt Point and Captain Reginald B. Desidero was killed i n action in the Korean War, fo r mi l i t ary personne l and t heir f a milies, incl uding a h andball court, 1939. Passenge r s rode the 30- minute t r ip for five cen t s , a favorite Company of San Franci sco carried water from t he Lake a nd Lobos Creek al ong 23 a c res o f surrounding land were turned over to t he Departrent of I n t erior Noved>er 1950, ._1t1le leading his men a gainst an oveNhel ming ene my force . s quash court , s a una b a th and e xercise r oom. Sunday aft ernoon di ve r sion for San Fr anciscans . On March 18, 1950, the t he beach and foot of the blUff on the ocean line of t he Pr esi di o t o fo rt as a National Historic Sit e in April , 1971. For his heroic leaCe.rship, courageous and loyal devotion t o duty s he was line was converted t o the pr esent coach operation. Point, t hence acr oss the military post t o the pumping '-"Orks o f t he co~any 8"0·:ar ded the Medal of Honor posthumously. on Nor th Beach i n the City of San Francisco. A t en- i n ch pipe t apped t he As the annual training camp for the All Army Basket ball Te am, the gymnasium offers a champi onship court for players and s i zeable se ati n g The Presidio Militar y Police Headqua rte r s now uses this area i n wooden flume and furnished water for Pr esidio use. STATim 118 - PRESIDIO POINT e unusual headsto ne carried the simp le i n scription "Two Bits. " It marks c apacity f or spectato r s . assisting visitors. Under t he guidance of t he P r esidio Pr ovost Marshal, the g ravt! of an Indian Scout wh o served in t he United Stat es Ar my . military po li ce~n conduct normal police work on the Army installation and A stone marker on the south side of the lake mark s Capt a i n Anz a ' s 1. Maint enance Area work closely with the San Francisco Police i n matter s o f mutual concern. c ampsite. The r-e a r e over 24 , 000 gr aves in the cemete r y. STATION 829 - POST DISP ENSARY Below and to the left of the view area are t he Pr esid i o Supply Facilities where repair wo r k on equipment ranging from 22 cal i ber 'Weapons t o the latest Th i s bui lding , referred to as t he "Ol d S t ation Hosptial ," is the oldest STATION U2 - LETTERMAN GENERA!: HOSPITAL STATION 6 10 - PRESIDIO GOLF COURSE air defense cissiles is accompl ished. In park i ng a r eas a l ongside the buildings STATIOll f~2 - P!IESIDlO SERVICE CLUB are a variety o f Army vehicles and equi?Il(rnt awaiting re pair or return. bui l ding on the post buil t by the United States Army . I t was completed in Januar y 185 7 . Letterman General Hospital, completed in 1968, has a 550 bed capaci ty The Presidio Gol f Course once was t he l ocation of a large r e fugee c amp The Pr esidio Service Club , complet e d in 1949 , was built in the Spanish and is one of t he U.S. Army's lar gest hospitals west of the Mississippi . aft e r the great San Francisco ear thquake of 1 906 . The building with t he large gr een ....1n dows is t he par a chute sh ed. Army s t yle of a r chitect ure t o h armon i ze with t he Post The atre, Ch apel, and Off i cers ' A milita ry repor t publ i s hed in 1879 describe d the buil d i ng a s: It was established during t he Spanish- American War t o serve t he wounded paratrooper s inspe ct and pack a l l par ac1utes used by Sixth U. S . Arl!ly soldier s. Club. It is the social and recreat ional cente r for the enlisted men and women men returned f r om the Philippines and has served as a debar kation hospital Over 16 , 000 homeless people received food , shelter and medical car e . on the Presidio. through five confli c t s - the Spanish- American War, Wo r ld Wars I and I I , Thr ee thousand t ents housed the ear thquake. vic t ims. 2. U. S . Coa s t Guard A two s t or y building, wit h bas emen t and wi ng, por ch front and rea r . the Korean Conflict, and Vi e tnam. It was named for the o rganizer of t he I t i s di vided int o f our wards for f i fty beds ; a s mall wa rd for p risoners and one atten dant' s room. Each i s pr ovided with water Army's first ambulance corps, Major Jonathan Let terman , Medical Di rector Four camps we re located on t he military reservation: Ca~ 1 ...·as located Nearby is t he Fort Point Life Boat Station. This Coast Guard i nstallation STATICS #23 - Fl.AG POLE AREA, PERSHING SQUARE pipes and ma r b l e basins; also the usual hos pital furniture . They of the Ar'!Ifj of t he Pot omac, one o f the Union armies in t he Civil War. "on the plai n between the Gener al Hospital and Lombard Stree t Gate ; " C41'ii1p 2 patr ols San Franc i sco Bay enfor cing mar i time laws . assis tin g wa t e r c r a f t and 11 are all warmed by grate d f i r epla ces f o r coal, and l i ghted and "was that part of t he r eserva tion known as Tennessee Hol l O'lo.'; Ca~ 3 ""'•as re sponding to p r iva te s ail or s in se agoing difficul ties. Thia 2lt t on , 105 foo t 6 inch flagpole i s t he t allest in t he San Francisco v enti l ated by windows . I n addi t ion t o these is a dispens a r y , t he Chinese Carcp at Fort Winfield Scott ; " and Camp 4 '".•as on t he P r esidio area. Thr ee size flags are f l own f r um t h is pol e : 11 furnish ed wit h hot and col d wate r and t he necessary f i xtur e s . STATION # 3 - LOMBARD GATE - SPANISH AMERI CAN WAR CAMPGROUND Golf 'Links near Cent ral Avenue Gate. 3. Crissy Field 1 The kitchen i n t he basecent is likewise furni s hed wi th hot and co l d '!:& GAl
Alr operat i ons later moved t o Hamilt on field in Mar in County where t oday the 11 to the survivors of t he disaster. Three other l arge ca mps were locate d at II · No really two salutes are fired each day : One at reveille (6 ;00 am) Beside t he projectil e s are t en 15 cannon ba lls r e covered from Kir by U. S. Air Fo r c e carried out global operocions. the Pr esidio. as the Cnl ted Sta tes fla g i s r aised, and the other at r etr eat (5 :00 pm) as Beach on Fo rt Baker i n 1971. Each we i gh s appr o ximatel y 340 pounds and STATION 014 - OLD COAS ARTILLERY GUN EMPLACEMU'TS the nat ional color i s lCY.. · e r ed. Ot her s a lut es a r e fired in accor dance with has t h ree holes; one for inse rtion of powde r and t wo for inser t ion of Two simple historical mar kers in this ar ea indicate wher e t r ees have - Toda y Cr issy Field is the center ci ac tivity for t he Sixth U. S. Arey custOllS of ~ service. Blank r o unds are used. f uzes. been planted to honor the memory of soldiers who have s e rve d our country. Th.e old tD.Jzzl e- loading cannon that had been t he i:=ai:istay of t he defense Flight Detachment. Its mission is the operation and maintenance of light installat ions ,rot ecting San Francis co Bay beca.:?e obsolete in the l a t ter Army aircraft to s upport Army activi ties in t he 12 state arcs of the Sixth On Sundays a:::d holidays a gun is f i r e d only at retreat . eu c of che 1~' s when t h e U. S . Army changed r.o cha b reech- loadi ng r i f le. Unit e.d St.ates Aray. STATION Q31 - BUS STATION STATION 14 - OLD TROLLEY LINE MARKER Reinforced concret e i nst allat ions t o house the g :i5 wer e constructed dur ing ~ Pres d- o o! San Francisco is designated as an Army sa ut ing stat ion the period 11!93- 1908. Helicopter s employe d by the 13th Jttillery Gr oup (Air De fense } to support to r'etcrn sa ·tes of fo riegn \.'essels of war in the por ts an d territorial Adjacent to Post Headquarters on Lincoln Boulevard is the Presidio Arey ai r def ense clss i l e bases in the lay Ar ea a r e also housed and caintained \,'ate.rs o f the l'nit ed States. At Ruger Avenue and Gardner Road crossing is an embedded square metal Bus Station. Cor:oercial bus t r ansportation between downtu..'11 San Francisco 11 Located her e at the South-..·esc end of t he Golden Gate Br idge ar e the old ta.ark.er inscribed Ca r s Stop Here;" the last marker fro m the old trolley at Cr issy Field. and the Presidio is available. line. batteries : Codfrey , Bou telle, Marcus Miller a."ld Cran•too. HISTORIC l.A..\"D~.. A RK: At t he south end of Per shing Square is t h e p laque 4 . Alcatraz I s land designating t h e Presidi o of San Francisco as a Registered Na tional Historic Battery GQdfrey wa::i armed with t h ree 12" guns mo unted on barbette Landm.rk , effective Feb r uary 25 , 1963. STATION #5 - LOVERS LANE AND EUCALYPTUS GROVES carriages. I t was named in 1902 in hono r o f Ca p tai n Geo rge J . Godfrey , 22nd " Isla de los Alcatr aces" o r "Islani of the Pelicans" was named by the U. S. Infant ry, who was killed at Cavite , Luzo n , Phi lippi::e Isla!lds, on Spanish Explor er Juan Manue l de Ayala h 1775. The United States Army began RODMAN CANNON: These pear- shaped guns a r e cast-iron and were oanufactured The long s t raight walk passing t h rough the eucalyptus t r ees near the June 3, 1 899. Its guns we re dismounted in 1946 . fo rti fication of the island in March 164. Work was completed in 1859 and about 1860. They take t heir name from t he man wh o invented the process by red brick quarters has been known as Lovers Lane, a favorite a rea for a Fort Alcatraz became the f i rst U. S. fo?tification on t he wes t coast. which they were cast. Both cannon have been converted from their or iginal Sunday afternoon str o l l by soldiers, their ladies and their f amilies. Batt ery &utelle was armed wi t h thr ee 5" rapid f i r e , pillar- m>unted 10 inch soooth to rifled bor e , firing an eight- inch pr o jectile. guns. I t was :iamed i n honor o f 2nd Lieutenant Henry M. Bou t elle~ 3 r d U.S. About 1868 the o riginal forti fications we re modernized i nto multi-tie r The eu calyptus and other t r ees on t he· Presidio were planted beginning Ar t illery, who was kill ed in action near Aliagia, Philippine Islands. Its e a r t h...,o rk b a tter ies with transoms and cagazines. The cr es t of the island was in 1883. At that t ime a p lan was carried out for 11The Cul tivat i on of Trees guns were dis nnu nted in 1920 . altered t o al l ow emplacement o f morta r ba tteries. Barracks, prison bui l dings STATION # 24 - PRESIDIO OFFICERS ' MESS Upon the Presidio Reser vation. 11 As a part of the tree planting p r ogram, a!ld parade ground wer e constructed at that time . school children from San Franci~co visited the Pr esidio on Sat u rdays to Bat t e ry M.i.r cus Mille r was arr:ied wit h t hr ee 10" disappear ing- ype guns. In 1776 the first Spanish Co111Dander, Li eutenant Don Jose Joaquin Moraga, assist in p l anting the trees, bringin g their lunches and spending the day It was named i i 1907 to honor Brigadier General Marcus P. Miller, t'nited In 1868 Alcatr a z was designated b) the War Department as a place o f con s upervised t he building of the original Pr esidio compound i n this a r ea. The working on the project. Stat es Army, Wl.O se rved with dist i nction during the Civil War, 1-ndian fineaent for military prison e r s se rvin ~ long sent ences . Its population inc luded app roximatel y 200 yar d square c ompound was protected by a palisade wall f ive Campaigns and ln the Ph ilippine I nsurrection . Its guns "*ere dismou nt e d i n Indian s from t he Modoc War s , p r isoners from San Francisco city jails damaged feet thi ck and fifteen fee t high . On the location whe re t he Officers ' Club Fifty-five thousand a ca cia, pine , cypress, and eucalyptus trees and 1920. by t he 1906 earthquake , prisoners f r om the 11Chapman Affair, 11 Wo r ld War I is now l ocated, Lieuten ant Moraga constructed his Commandancia. The str uctur e , five thousand native redwood, spruce, end ma.dr one trees wer e planted during ene::ri· agents , and U. S . Ar my sol dier s . a cr ude flat-topped house , was the first building in what is now cal led t he 11 this period. Battery O:anston was armed with t wo 10 disappea=i.e.g-type. guns. I t '-"U San Francisco area. Th1s building was s til l in use when the ADericans f o rmally named t o honor 1s t Lieutenant Arthur Cranstqn, 4th U. S. Artillery, .. was During the Spanish American War tte island was used as a r est camp f or occupied the Pre£!~ .. o in 1847. Extensive repairs were made to the building killed at the Lava Beds, Cal iforn i a , on Apr i l 26 , 1873, i n a c t ion a gainst s o ldier s returning f r om the Philippi ne Is l and with tropical diseases. and it ~as ..ae-C as £ headquarter s for n ewly-arrived U. S. Army t r oops. the Mo doc I ndians and who is buried i n t he San F rancisco National Cece t e ry . STATION #6 - EL POL IN SPRING I ts guns we re dismounted in 194 3 . Tnc official designat ion "Pacific Branch, U. S. Militar y Prison" was Tb.a 'bw:i! e rved as a headquarters under Spanish , Mexican and American the titl e assigned t o Al catraz in 1907 Later it became t he 11U. S. Disciplinary occupaa.cy. Zn - .5v- the buil ding was slightl y remodel ed a nd in 1900 additional F;l Polin Spring supposedly was named by the Miwok Indians who l ived Barracks." The Army terminated its us.. of the i sland in 1933 and it was a. ~.. .. ac-co11111-.1 d. In 1912 electric light fixtures we r e i nstalled. Lat e r in the Bay Area prior t o t he arrival of Spanish sol diers and settler s. turned over t o t he Feder a l Bureau o f P·i sons . in '1 !5 ! ing took place. During t he Spanish occupancy of the Presidio from 1776 to 1822 the s pring was STATION 115 - GOLDEN GATE BRfDGE PLAZA a source of water for the Garrison. When t he Mexicans assumed command of , r a Feder al and Local Works Administration p roject the The federal prisoo~ ope rated on t"~ i s land from 1933 to early 1964, is the Pr esidio in 1822, they continued to use the spr ing as one of t heir The Goldm Gate Bridge conne c ts t wo militar y r eser vation co:::pl exes : :!.. ce:r, Co lone l Dougl as Pot ts , 30 th I nfantry, supe:vised the nou empty. The installation ha s been .mder the control of t h e General water sources. When the united States Army arriv ed i n 1846 use o f the the P residio
The u .S . Army at the P res i d~o constructed this point f or the benefit The two !Owe n ; of the bridge rise 746 feel above t he water. 1--M tlllt ... !!icers' Cl ub just off the stage in the Mor aga Room i s a "!'be:se old brick ar.Ule• re call tl2 days of t he United State• Arrq •-be.n of the many visitors t o the i nstallation. elevators i ns :de the t owers carry t.'Orkmen t o the t op. F tbe :. po:-t.oc o! o.~ lldobe brick wall f rom the pe r iod 1776- 1778 which can be a view of 27~mi les i s possible on a clea r day . sea wr:e ed for trum~rt at ion . :he stables we re bull t in l !- and Ti .. a plastic window. Major points of interest indicated here are ideal check points f or 1.C.t.!.l tbe 111.d l - n's. Each buildng accommodat e d 1 02 horse• md illlles. scouts to use in learning compass r eadings. The brid:e is painted a dark red col or , whi ch is k nor..-n as Orange." During rld -..r II a shipment o: cules en r out e to Fo rt )l..asoci. for akip- su.r• S #!5 - TE!;:iESSEE HOLLOW •o.t c..-erseu. brolke looee oa the Pres~io and c aused a great exci:.e::z:t befare STATION #8 - ARGUEU.0 BOULEVARD The stat1e of Joseph B. Str auss, c reator and d es igner of the r they ~ ro ded qJ and mved to Fort Mas on . Just off Funston St reet and to t he right as one faces north is Tennessee stands in t he view area alongside a cutaway of o ne of t he huge br-~ u. Bollow. This are a was used during t he Spanish American War as a c ampground This entrance is known as the Ar guello Gate. The s treet is named for One Df t f • reuining horse "'%ering troughs in t he San Frmcisco are& for cuo Voluntee r Infantry Unit s - the 13th Minnesota and the 1st Tenne ssee. Lieutenant Ar guello , an o fficer of the Spanish Arrey who coomanded the can be .en at ::.he r-ear of Building I 2 . Presidio from June 1787 to Mar ch 1806. STATION 116 - BATTERY EAST S':'ATION # 26 - !1JKSTON AVE!IUE OFFICERS ' QUARTERS Like Lombard Gate this entrance i s adorned by handsome stone columns Ob s e rvat:on of t he hillside overl ookin g t he ba y veals the old b r icit ST.a.TI which carry the branch insignia of t h e United States Army. The cr ossed Bar bette empl tcemen ts and adjoi nin g underground maga:. .. me:s . This coast The wooden frame houses seen along Funst on Avenue were bdlt in 1870 for muske t s and old style cartridge belt and bayone t r epre se nt infantry units . a rtillery defmse in stal lation~ Batte r y East, was com&t ruct ed in t\1e middle 52, Private. John E , Company H, 2nd I nfantry, Fort Tt.a.a. tM offi cers o f the 9 th Infantr y . Halfway along the l i ne of ~uarte rs a t what The musket was the original weapon used by the foo t soldier. The modern 1850' s, and h