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Freshwater Dynamics Monitoring Protocol for the National Park

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Freshwater Dynamics Monitoring Protocol for the National Park National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center San Francisco Bay Area Network (SFAN) Streamflow Monitoring Protocol Volume 1: Narrative and Appendixes - Version 2.92 Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2011/343 ON THE COVER Olema Creek, Point Reyes National Seashore. Photograph: NPS Photograph by: (name of person or courtesy of name of park [Times New Roman 9-point font] San Francisco Bay Area Network (SFAN) Streamflow Monitoring Protocol Volume 1: Narrative and Appendixes - Version 2.92 Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2011/343 Darren Fong1 David Press2 Marcus Koenen2 Michael DeBlasi2 1National Park Service Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite Bldg. 1061 Sausalito CA 94965 2National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program Fort Cronkhite Bldg. 1063 Sausalito CA 94965 April 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from San Francisco Area Network Inventory and Monitoring website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sfan/) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). Please cite this publication as: Fong, D., D. Press, M. Koenen, and M. DeBlasi. 2011. San Francisco Bay Area Network (SFAN) streamflow monitoring protocol: volume 1: narrative and appendixes - version 2.92. Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2011/343. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 963/107248, April 2011 ii Revision History Log Prev. Revision Author Changes Made Reason for Change New Version Date Version # # 2005 Mike DeBlasi 1.0 1.0 2006 Mike DeBlasi, Incorporated comments Clarification of existing 2.5 Darren Fong, from internal peer view. information, addition of Travis Smith, Significant technical information, refining Marcus Koenen, revisions from Randy methods and parameters Randy Klein Klein and Darren Fong. 2.7 2/13/2007 Darren Fong Streamlined narrative and 2.75 moved portions to SOPs 2.75 2/20/2007 Marcus Koenen Reviewed and reformatted 2.8 according to Publications Management Template. 2.8 4/11/2007 Darren Fong Revised TOC, added 2.81 figures/tables, minor edits for whole doc 2.81 5/14/2007 Paul Johnson, Proofreading and minor 2.82 Marcus Koenen, edits Darren Fong, David Press 2.82 7/27/2008 Darren Fong General edits 2.83 2.83 8/6/2008 Paul Johnson Proofreading 2.84 2.84 1/30/2009 Darren Fong, General edits Review comments 2.85 2.85 2/15/2009 Marcus Koenen Reformatted, general edits 2.86 2.86 2/19/2009 Brannon Modify narrative to 2.87 Ketcham address management and linkages to other SFAN indicator programs. 2.87 9/17/2009 Jennie Skancke Incorporated WQ SOP 9, Reviewers request 2.88 now streamflow SOP 10. 2.88 Marcus Koenen, 2.89 David Press 2.89 12/30/2009 Darren Fong 2.90 2.9 1/15/2010 Jennie Skancke Edited PNG station info 2.91 2.91 2/24/2010 Darren Fong, Major edits throughout Review comments 2.92 Marcus Koenen iii Contents Page Revision History Log ..................................................................................................................... iii Figures............................................................................................................................................ ix Tables ............................................................................................................................................. xi Appendixes .................................................................................................................................. xiii Standard Operating Procedures......................................................................................................xv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... xvii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... xix 1.0 Background and Objectives .......................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Policies Related to Streamflow Monitoring ...................................................................... 1 1.3 Existing and Significant Freshwater Resources ................................................................ 4 1.3.1 General Hydrologic Characteristics ....................................................................... 4 1.3.2 SFAN General Watershed Descriptions and Significant Resources ....................... 6 1.4 Rationale for Selecting This Resource to Monitor .......................................................... 11 1.5 Significance to Management/Management Triggers ....................................................... 12 1.6 History of Streamflow Monitoring in the Region............................................................ 15 1.6.1 Past and Ongoing Monitoring in the Network ...................................................... 15 1.6.2 Other Regional Monitoring Programs .................................................................. 16 1.7 Monitoring Questions ...................................................................................................... 21 1.7.1 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................... 21 1.7.2 Discussions of Specific Monitoring Questions ...................................................... 22 1.8 Monitoring Objectives ..................................................................................................... 23 1.9 SFAN Vital Sign Integration and Linkages ..................................................................... 25 v 2.0 Sampling Design ......................................................................................................................27 2.1 Monitoring Site Selection ................................................................................................ 27 2.1.1 Census .................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.2 Statistical Survey ................................................................................................... 27 2.1.3 Judgmental Sampling ............................................................................................ 27 2.2 Target Population ............................................................................................................. 27 2.3 Program Constraints ........................................................................................................ 30 2.3.1 Core Stations ......................................................................................................... 30 2.3.2 Secondary Stations ................................................................................................ 31 2.4 Representativeness (and Level of Inference) ................................................................... 31 2.5 Selection of Sampling Parameters and Frequency .......................................................... 32 2.5.1 Core Stations ......................................................................................................... 37 2.5.2 Secondary Stations ................................................................................................ 38 2.6 Sampling Units ................................................................................................................ 38 2.7 Accuracy and Detection Limits ....................................................................................... 38 2.7.1 Minimum Detectable Differences .......................................................................... 38 2.8 Co-location of Sample Sites ............................................................................................ 38 3.0 Field Methods ..........................................................................................................................41
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