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Home , Alcatraz Island, Baker Beach (Alcatraz), Bolinas Ridge, Crissy Field, El Polin Spring, Fort Baker

National Park Service ParkNews U.S. Department of the Interior March, April, May 2006 The Quarterly Magazine of the National Parks at the Lands in Motion

This year marks the centennial of the great earthquake and fire that so dramatically changed the face of . In this issue, we explore the histo- ry, mystery, and consequences of our geologic underpinnings, examples of which can be found throughout the Golden Gate National Parks. For the last 25 million years (give or take a few million), our national park neighbor to the south, Pinnacles National Monument, has crept closer to us, carried northward along the west flank of the . Meanwhile, our park neighbor to the north, National Seashore, continues to drift away from us aboard the P R A H T

Pacific Plate. For more about A D N E R B what it means to ride a major faultline, start with “Hiking the Seafloor,” p. 3.

Our thanks to Roxi Farwell, NPS Interpretive Ranger, , Y E L E K R

E who contributed to this introduction. B

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, Y R A R B I L

T F O R C N A B The Geology of Walk to the Farallones? Millennia ago, that would have been possible. Today, Fort Funston’s cliffs allow us to read the geologic record of San Francisco’s shifting shoreline. 4 The Camp No One Used After the earthquake of 1906, all the city’s residents suffered, but some G

P received much less help than others. R R E A B H O T

J S A Greed and prejudice fueled a shame- D N N E E L E R H B ful episode in San Francisco’s post- quake history. 6 Historical Tidbits Behind the Scenes—New and notable in the parks, 2 A potpourri of earthquake- and geol- ogy-related Q & A. Park Programs—Event calendar Pull-out Center Spread 7

News from the Parks Conservancy—Earthquake Safety Suggestions, 5

[Continue on Page 2] Behind the Scenes Golden Gate consists of over 75,500 acres of land, and protects more than 1,250 historic structures, 27 rare and endangered species, and many small “islands” of threatened . NPS staff, volunteers, and partners work hard to take care of the park’s treasures for the millions of people who visit each year, and for future generations.

It Can Happen Again Welcome to the Golden Gate Earthquakes are common here along the coast. The “big ones”—like those that occurred in National Parks

1906 and 1989—make history, and according to the US Geological Society, we should expect another “big Golden Gate National Recreation one” sometime in the next few decades. For information on how to prepare for an earthquake (or other Area’s mission is to preserve and major disaster), visit www.72hours.org. enhance the natural and cultural resources of the coastal lands north and south of the Golden Gate for the inspiration, education, and recreation of people today, and for future gen- Y E L E K

R Help Us Imagine the erations. We also work to protect the E B

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integrity of our parks’ fragile ,

Y Future R A

R resources in the challenging context B I L Help kick-off the New GGNRA T F

O of an urban setting. Finally, we are R C

N General Management Plan Process by A committed to forging partnerships B participating in one of three “open with the community to strengthen houses” planned for the week of April the parks’ relevance to our metropoli- tan neighbors and to engage the pub- 20 through 27. The General Manage- lic in stewardship of the parks’ history ment Plan (GMP) provides the “big and lands. We welcome your visit, and picture,” long-range vision for park encourage you to take advantage of management, and the open houses are the many recreational opportunities the parklands offer, as well as to opportunities for the public to meet become involved as a volunteer at a with park managers and the planning favorite site. team and let us know what’s impor- tant from your perspective. Comments can also be offered at the May 16 pub- Brian O’Neill lic meeting at the park’s San Francisco Superintendent Looking east on Market Street, late morning, April 18, 1906, as the Call Building (tall structure at left of headquarters at . For more photo) burns. The fire started at the top, and as the heat became more intense, windows blew out. By afternoon, the building stood in ruins. information, check the park’s website (www.nps.gov/goga), or www.park- planning.nps.gov; use the pull-down Epicenter of Earth Whole Lot of Planning menu to select Golden Gate NRA, Science Inquiry Going On! U.S. Department of the Interior then click on “General Management Thanks to a grant from the Toyota NPS staff and partners—the Golden Plan.” Foundation through the National Park Gate National Parks Conservancy, Foundation, “PARK Teachers” is California State Parks, Marin County, Marin Headlands- drawing new audiences and making and others—are working on several Draft EIS Golden Gate an epicenter of Earth important planning projects. Among ParkNews Vol. 10, No. 3 Announcement. March, April, May 2006 science inquiry. In partnership with them, restoration planning at Muir The Marin Headlands–Fort Baker San Francisco State, Sonoma State, Beach (coastal and creek Transportation Management Plan Editors and Institutes, NPS staff restoration), trail and habitat improve- George Durgerian/NPS Draft Environmental Impact members have designed a park-based ment planning ( Trail and Susan Tasaki/Parks Conservancy Statement (DEIS) is due to be released geology unit that can be integrated Restoration Plan, Dias Ridge and Design/Production for public review in late spring. The Bill Prochnow, Vivian Young/ into Science Methods courses. The Coast View Trails Rehabilitation and plan consists of roadway, parking, and Parks Conservancy next step will be to collaborate with Access Improvement Project), and trail improvements; new transit serv- Anet James/Parks Conservancy: Educational Foundation park maintenance facility moves (Park Calendar Production ice; and other transportation manage- and other partners to design a website Maintenance Facilities Interim Cover ment actions proposed to be imple- that will enrich the park experience. Relocation Project). Expect to see TOP: Red chert, Marin Headlands mented by the National Park Service MIDDLE: San Francisco, April 18, 1906 requests for input this year as the over several years starting in 2007. For BOTTOM: Earthquake refugee camp, Ft. Stay in Touch Environmental Assessments (EAs) and more information, please contact Paul Mason area; Ft. Funston bluffs Public involvement is the cornerstone Environmental Impact Statements Bignardi, NPS Transportation Planner Printing of a well-managed, protected, pre- (EISs) move forward. Stay in touch Alonzo Environmental Printing at (415 )561-4933 or by email at served, balanced, safe, and user- with what’s happening by visiting the Hayward, CA [email protected]. friendly national park. To facilitate this park’s website (www.nps.gov/goga) ParkNews is published four times a year involvement, GGNRA will hold a pub- and a new NPS site, National Park as a visitor service by the Golden Gate lic meeting on Tuesday, May 16, at 7 Service Planning, Environment and National Parks Conservancy in coopera- PM in Marin County to update the Public Comment (PEPC). To access, tion with the Division of Interpretation, Golden Gate National Recreation Area. public on key park-related issues and go to www.parkplanning.nps.gov/goga All correspondence should be directed Dedicated to One We Love provide an opportunity for public and use the pull-down menu to select to Division of Interpretation, Golden This issue dedicated to US Park Police Gate National Recreation Area, Building comment. Agendas and locations for Golden Gate NRA and the projects Sergeant Pepper Karansky, the first female 201 Fort Mason, San Francisco, CA all meetings can be found at www.nps/ that interest you. This site provides USPP Officer in San Francisco and the first 94123, Attn: ParkNews. gov/goga under “Public Meetings.” To information on current plans, environ- female officer to pass the Horse Mounted Training in Washington D.C. and be be added to the mailing list for meet- mental impact analyses, and related Printed with soy-based inks assigned here in the San Francisco Field on recycled paper ing notices and agendas, contact documents available for public review, Office. Oh yes, and first in our hearts. Michael Feinstein, Public Affairs, at and also accepts public comments. Read ParkNews on the Web: (415) 561-4733. www.nps.gov/goga/parknews Experience Your America

2 ParkNews The Marin Headlands Hiking the Seafloor

Roxi Farwell, NPS Interpretive Ranger, Marin Headlands

It’s a recurring phenomenon in the Marin Headlands. Dozens of geology students from local colleges arrive and take up positions on Conzelman Road, notebooks and compasses in hand, to give the rocks a close examination. Their field trips provide unique opportunities not only to view the red, wavy layers of deep-ocean radiolarian chert and dark, bulbous pillow lavas from submarine volcanoes, but also—in clear weather—to gaze across the Golden Gate at the enigmatic, bluish-green serpentinites of the . These students are the latest participants in a long-standing geologic pilgrimage. P R

A into the hot mantle below. Some bits article and map for the University of H T

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E of seafloor, however, manage to resist California’s Bulletin of the Department R B subduction and, instead, are scraped of Geology in 1893. off along the ’s edge. The Marin Headlands and much of the Ransome’s meticulous descriptions of Bay Area are made up of such scrap- the rocks and their placements along ings. the trail remain unsurpassed. However, in 1893, it was inconceivable The rocks of the Marin Headlands that such well-preserved pillow struc- offer a brilliant showcase for plate tec- tures could have erupted anywhere tonics, and Conzelman Road provides except nearby. Geochemical and a dazzling display. The seafloor rocks paloeomagnetic studies from the 1980s found in roadcuts of the Sierra high- suggest otherwise. The Point Bonita ways may be hard to understand clear- basalts were part of a seamount origi- ly, but the geologic landscape of the nally formed about 3,000 km offshore, Marin Headlands appears on a big whereas the basalts found in the rest screen, in high definition. Stand atop of the Marin Headlands originated in Hill and look northwest toward deeper water, at a seafloor spreading . The weather-resist- center (similar to the Mid-Atlantic ant chert forms strong ridges, bound- Ridge) about 5,000 km to the south- Ribbons of red chert, folded and uplifted, can be seen from the car window on a drive up Conzelman ed on one side by softer, more easily west. Road above the Golden Gate. The Marin Headlands provide textbook examples of weathered pillow basalt, and on the geology. other by even softer graywacke sand- The third element of Steinmann’s stone. Trinity, serpentinite, is harder to find ASSEMBLAGES AND TRINITIES scenery of the Golden Gate. Here was in the Marin Headlands, although dili- In 1892, two geologists stood in the the same rock sequence he’d exam- Detailed analysis of the radiolarian gent explorers will observe some of same area, surrounded by the same ined in the high peaks of Switzerland plankton fossils found in the chert the soapy, slick state rock in landslides rock formations. One, Andrew and Italy! shows that each ridge is a part of the along and underfoot on Lawson, was just beginning a sixty- same great piece of seafloor, with the Trail. To see textbook year career at the University of Steinmann’s Trinity and the Franciscan nearly identical fossil sequences of serpentine landscapes, visit the park- California, . It would be Assemblage record the formation and tropical origin. Such stacking of lands just south of the Golden Gate. Lawson who named the perplexing migration of great slabs of ancient repeated sequences of seafloor rocks, At Fort Point and throughout the suite of rocks he studied in the Bay seafloor. The emergence in the 1960s called imbricate layering—think “shin- Presidio, the flaky rock is well Area the Franciscan Assemblage. He of plate tectonics, the unifying theory gles on a roof”—is common to the exposed, along with the rare plants would also apply the name San of modern geology, helps us realize geologic structure of subduction zones that eke out an existence on the Andreas Rift to the “remarkably how the same sequence of seafloor (described by Clyde Wahrhaftig, unusual serpentine soils. straight line” extending from Point rocks can appear deep within moun- source of many substantial contribu- Arena to Mount Pinos (Ventura tain ranges, along some coastlines, and tions to local geology). These stacked SAMPLE THE STEW County), along which he mapped the on the summits of the Himalaya. Plate slices of chert help create the dramatic An exploration of the Franciscan destructive movement of the Earth’s tectonics helps explain many of the landscape of the Marin Headlands … rocks in the Marin Headlands pro- plates in 1906. features of the Earth’s crust and the and make a level trail very rare! vides us with the opportunity to take a patterns of geologic convulsion such hike on the seafloor and look inside The other geologist was Gustav as earthquakes and volcanoes. It also After exploring the Franciscan rocks underwater volcanoes while sur- Steinmann, from Germany. His spe- reminds us of Earth’s dynamic nature. along Conzelman Road, take time to rounded by uncountable numbers of cialty was the structure of the tortured We are on a constant journey as our visit a different geologic hotspot, the fossilized plankton. Our explorations layers of rock within the Swiss Alps. tectonic plate creeps across the planet, Point Bonita , to view also give us a chance to reflect on the Steinmann’s rock sequence of serpen- sliding by or crashing into other tec- another part of Steinmann’s Trinity: many years of contributions to the sci- tinites, pillow lavas, and radiolarites tonic plates, or being consumed in one pillow lavas from ancient underwater ence of geology that have occurred in eventually would be named the of the Earth’s great subduction zones. eruptions. Like the Conzelman cherts, our parklands. Geologist Clyde Steinmann Trinity. (Outstanding geo- the pillow lavas at Point Bonita attract- Wahrhaftig often described this jum- scientists continue to earn the presti- SEAFLOOR SCRAPINGS ed the interest of 19th-century geolo- ble of seafloor scrapings as a “tectonic gious Gustav Steinmann Medal, hon- Most seafloor rocks are fated to be gists. Leslie Ransome, a student of stew.” On your next visit to the park, oring their achievements in geology.) consumed in a subduction zone, as Andrew Lawson, produced what is relish the rocks! newly formed ocean crust is pushed likely the earliest professionally drawn, Imagine Steinmann’s reaction when away from a mid-ocean ridge and detailed geologic map of any locality See page 7 for more on Clyde Lawson showed him the dramatic pulled downward as a cold, wet slab in California when he published his Wahrhafing.

ParkNews 3 The Geology of Fort Funston Earthquakes, Glaciers, and Beaches

Will Elder, NPS Interpretive Ranger, Presidio

Walking along the beach at Fort Funston, with the sound of the waves, the smell of salt, and the ocean breeze ruffling your hair, have you ever pondered what stories the cliffs towering over your head may tell? How long have they been there? Where did they form? What are these crumbly rocks? Geologists have managed to coax many stories from the rocks, answering these and numerous other questions. S G So do the cliffs of Fort Funston have Preserved in the cliffs today you can S U anything to do with the 1906 San see beach and shallow ocean rocks, Francisco earthquake? Well, for one, sand dunes, bay floors, stream beds, GOLDEN GATE both the earthquake and the cliffs were and ancient soils. Because these rocks born from the San Andreas Fault, the are so young and only slightly buried, FORT FUNSTON infamous fracture in the Earth’s crust they are barely held together by the that separates the North American and sand and mud from which they are Pacific plates. The fault lies less than made. S A N 2 miles offshore of this popular beach A N D R and recreational area. As a matter of READING THE ROCKS E A S F fact, Fort Funston was the closest If you walk the four miles of beach A U L landfall to the 1906 earthquake epicen- from in the south, where T ter. Although the fault moved more at the oldest part of the Merced Point Reyes—over 20 feet—the first Formation appears, to its top near point to break along the fault was off in the north, you will Fort Funston. The 1906 earthquake walk across a mile-thick pile of rock epicenter lies at, perhaps not coinci- that spans the Pleistocene glacial peri- dently, an apparent sharp right bend in od. In the south, the older rocks are the San Andreas, to which the rocks of mostly of shallow ocean origin, but as After the last glacial maximum (20,000 years ago), sea level rose rapidly, moving the shoreline from west the cliffs, known as the Merced you hike northward, you see a larger of the Farallones to its modern-day location about 8,000 years ago. Formation, may owe their existence. proportion of rocks that were formed The fresh, accessible cliff exposures was created when a huge lake covering P R A H T along the beach at Fort Funston make the Central Valley overtopped a low A D N E R

B it one of the best places in the world to ridge near modern-day Stockton and see rocks formed in many different cut (perhaps catastrophically) the coastal environments and to learn how Carquinez Straits. The lake, which was sea level changes in a coastal setting at times as large as Lake Michigan, appear in the rock record. formed after an earlier drainage system flowing into Monterey Bay was The easiest access to Merced rocks is blocked by the rising Diablo Range. A by taking the beach trail down from short distance above the sediment the observation deck at the Fort change, near the Daly City sewer out- Funston parking lot and then walking fall, you can see a prominent white ash north. The trail descends a large land- layer formed by a volcanic eruption slide, but as you go north, the first near Lassen Peak. Radiometric dating solid rock you’ll see at the cliff base of the ash shows it to be about a half- was formed in a shallow bay and con- million years old, which tells us that tains many burrows and fossil clams. the new river system is slightly older. Farther north, you’ll see different types of bedding in the rock, indicat- BEACHWALK THROUGH TIME Hang-gliders have a bird's-eye view of Fort Funston’s stratified bluffs, which provide one of the best con- tinuous exposures of 2 million years of California geologic history. ing different depositional settings, So the next time you need some fresh including small parallel beds formed air and want to take a walk, head to the near a bay or beach, beds steeply tilted beach at Fort Funston and have some The San Andreas is a right-lateral fault, at or above sea level; this indicates that in different directions deposited in fun exploring the rocks. It is best to go so-called because when looking across the basin was filling with sediment sand dunes, and areas with colorful near low tide, and please stay on the it, the opposite side is moved to the faster than it was sinking. This rock clay layers and pebbly zones that were beach, since the cliffs are crumbly and right. When a right-lateral fault bends sequence also shows that sea level fell once soils and stream beds. not safe for climbing. If you want to to the right, the two sides of the fault and rose about forty separate times as learn more about the rocks of Fort pull apart across the bend, forming a continental glaciers advanced and What other stories do these rocks tell? Funston, the park offers a monthly hole. rocks fill the retreated, repeatedly locking up water, Here are a few more: In the cliffs south docent-led geology walk. Check the hole, or basin, that formed behind this which then flowed back to the oceans of the Fort Funston parking lot, sand Park Programs calendar for dates and bend, which is slowly moving north- during interglacial times (such as particles derived from granite and vol- times. ward with the Pacific Plate. today). canic rocks of the Sierras suddenly appear in the Merced Formation. More information is available through Over the last 3 million years, as the The rocks reveal this rising and falling Their appearance marks the creation this USGS online publication: ground beneath the basin subsided, sea level in their repeated cycles of of today’s Sacramento/San Joaquin http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/bulletin/b2 sediments from many environments shallow marine sediments overlain by river system as it first flowed through 188/b2188ch4.pdf (4.7mb). along the ocean’s edge piled up. beach, dune, bay, or stream deposits. the Golden Gate. The new river system

4 ParkNews

Park Programs MARCH

SUNDAY MON TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

FORT FUNSTON Clean-up Day 9:30 AM Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM PRESIDIO The Last Gun 11 AM–3 PM

Feb 28 Mar 6 Mar 14 Mar 22

1 2 3 4

CRISSY FIELD CENTER PRESIDIO CRISSY FIELD CENTER Kids on Trails (Caminata Infantil) 1–2:30 PM National Cemetery CENTER Presidio Birdlife 9:30–11:30 AM MARIN HEADLANDS Walk Ecological FORT FUNSTON Nike Missile Site Open House 12:30–3:30 PM 10 AM–12 NOON Restoration of Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM the Waterfront MUIR WOODS Muir Beach Bird Walk 9–10:30 AM MARIN HEADLANDS 10:30 AM–12:30 PM OCEAN BEACH Smashing Plates and Elastic Rocks 9 AM–2 PM Secret Gardens of the Headlands 10 AM–12 NOON Adopt-a-Beach Clean-up Day: Rivera Street PRESIDIO Shuttle through MUIR WOODS 10 AM–12 NOON Time Medicinal Plant Walk 10 AM–12 NOON PRESIDIO 12:50–2 PM The Last Gun 11 AM–3 PM Buffalo Soldiers at the Presidio 1–3 PM 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ALCATRAZ CRISSY FIELD CENTER PRESIDIO FORT FUNSTON Alcatraz Kidz Tourz: Fortress Alcatraz Lower Tennessee From Post to Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM 4:20–7:15 PM Hollow Watershed Park MARIN HEADLANDS MARIN HEADLANDS 12 NOON–1:30 PM 1–3 PM Wildflower Photography Hike 9:30 AM–12 NOON Beginning Birding 9:30–11:30 AM MARIN HEADLANDS Bones, Bones, Bones 10 AM –1 PM MUIR WOODS Sunset Full Moon Walk Cats of the Marin Headlands 4:30–7:30 PM Early Spring Wildflower Hike 10 AM –1:30 PM to Point Bonita PRESIDIO 5:45–7:45 PM PRESIDIO Lighthouse Crissy Field Clean-up 9 AM Nature’s Deli 1–3 PM MUIR WOODS Letterman Legacy 1–2:30 PM Muir Woods by Moonlight 14 12 13 5:30–7:30 PM 15 16 17 18

CRISSY FIELD CENTER PRESIDIO PRESIDIO FORT FUNSTON Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM Kids on Trails 1–2:30 PM National Cemetery Nature’s Deli A Million Years in 2 Miles 2–4 PM MARIN HEADLANDS Walk 1–3 PM FORT POINT Spring Wildflower Slide Show 1–2 PM 10 AM–12 NOON Pier Crabbing 10 AM–12 NOON MUIR WOODS LANDS END Bones, Bones, Bones 10 AM–1 PM Shipwrecks at the Golden Gate 2–3 PM PRESIDIO MARIN HEADLANDS Ridge-to-Bridge Ride 10 AM–1 PM Scrub-to-Beach Exploration Hike 11 AM–1 PM MUIR WOODS Wildflower Hike 10 AM–2 PM PRESIDIO 19 20 21 22 23 24 Horseshoes and Carrots 12 NOON–1:30 PM 25

MUIR WOODS Muir Beach Tidepool Walk 2–4 PM

26 27 28 29 30 31 Program Information ALCATRAZ We Hold the Rock 5555. For program information, dinner and the Camera Obscura on Field marsh. Look for crabs, taste Open daily. Join ranger-led pro- In 1969, a group of Native Ameri- phone 561-4926. the lower terrace is open seven days strawberry treats, listen to cultural cans began a highly publicized 19- a week, weather permitting. legends, smell a seashore habitat, grams, use self-guiding brochures, Alcatraz Kidz Tourz month Is- and touch the sands of Crissy Field. and take an audio tour of the cell- Looking for something fun, unusu- land, marking the beginning of the CRISSY FIELD CENTER Bring your lunch, sand toys, walking house to learn about this historic al, and educational to do with your modern Indian movement by The Center, open Wednesday shoes, layers of clothes, and love of island. A captioned video program family? For more information, visit America’s indigenous people. This through Sunday, 9 AM to 5 PM, is nature. For families with children of Alcatraz history is shown every www.parksconservancy.org. Buy award-winning permanent exhibit operated cooperatively by the Na- ages 4 to 9. Meet Ranger Fatima 30 minutes in the museum. Tran- boat tickets well in advance, as they scripts of the cellhouse audio tour interweaves photographs, music, tional Park Service and the Golden Colindres at the Center. sell out quickly. For tickets, phone Gate National Parks Conservancy are available for hearing-impaired video clips, and contemporary in- Crissy Field Aviation Walk 705-5555. For program information, and is dedicated to viewing the en- visitors. Phone 561-4900, 9 AM to terviews with former occupiers. (4/8) Explore Crissy Field and phone 561-4926. vironment through multicultural 4 PM, for program information. Ranger-led programs are offered learn about its role in early aviation n Creative Escapes (5/13) perspectives in partnership with SEAT (shuttle) transport is avail- daily. Ask at the dock-level ranger history on this easy 1-mile walk. Learn about creative and unusual communities. Located in Building able for wheelchair users and visi- station for times, locations, and Meet Docent Don Gray at the Alcatraz escape attempts. For kids 603 at the corner of Mason and tors physically unable to walk up topics. Following are some exam- Warming Hut, end of Mason age 5+ and their families. Buy tick- Halleck streets in the Presidio, it of- the quarter-mile, 12 percent-grade ples. Street. X ets for 4:20 PM Night Tour boat. fers a full roster of interpretive, ed- hill. Children under 14 must be es- n Alcatraz Is Indian Land n The Kids of Alcatraz (4/15) ucational, and environmental pro- Ecological Restoration of the corted by an adult; service animals n Escapes Find out why growing up on Alca- grams as well as drop-in labs and Waterfront (3/9, 4/13, 5/11) allowed. n Fortress Alcatraz traz was such fun! For kids age 6 to multicultural events. Programs are Experience Crissy Field’s living Daily service originates at n The Natural Side of the Rock 12 and their families. Buy tickets for free and suitable for all ages unless tidal ! On this easy 2-mile , Fisherman’s Wharf. (The n 200 Years on the Rock 4:20 PM Night Tour boat. otherwise noted. For a complete walk, we will savor the wind, tides, cellhouse audio tour can be pur- quarterly catalog and registration sand, plants, and people who affect n US Penitentiary n chased with ferry tickets.) Visit On Duty at and scholarship information, this ecosystem. cancels. Meet (3/12) Find out what it was like to www.nps.gov/alcatraz for the latest Alcatraz Night Tour please phone 561-7690 or visit Docent Bob Halsey in front of the information on ferry service. Note: Feel a chill run down your spine as be a Civil War soldier at Fortress www.crissyfield.org. Following is a Center. Alcatraz. For kids ages 6 to 12 and Alcatraz tickets frequently sell out you venture into dark corners of partial listing of programs. All their families. Buy tickets for 4:20 History, Heroes, and Houses as much as one week in advance. the old island —limited to Crissy Field Center programs re- (5/13) Explore the heart of the Pre- PM Night Tour boat. Visit Alcatraz’s website: www.nps. just a few hundred visitors, Alca- quire reservations; phone 561-7752 sidio and learn about this former traz Night Tour programs include gov/alcatraz CLIFF HOUSE to register. Programs meet at the army post’s rich history on an easy 1- topics, tours, and activities not of- Center unless otherwise noted. mile walk. Rain cancels. Meet Do- fered during the day. For more de- Enjoy the views of the Pacific ONGOING Come to Your Senses at cent Bob Bowen at the NPS Visitor tailed information, visit www.parks Ocean and Seal Rocks from the Alcatraz—Escape from Reality Crissy Field (5/21) Center inside the Presidio Officers’ conservancy.org. Buy boat tickets public outdoor terraces of the Cliff Explore the connections between Experience the sights, sounds, Club, 50 Moraga Avenue. X well in advance, as they sell out House. The newly rehabilitated Alcatraz and Hollywood. smells, and flavors of Crissy Field on quickly. For tickets, phone 705- Cliff House Restaurant is open seven days a week for lunch and an easy 1-mile walk at the Crissy [Continued on next page]

All phone numbers are area code (415) unless otherwise noted.Indicates a program that is closed-captioned. Indicates either full or partial wheelchair accessibility. Park Programs APRIL

SUNDAY MON TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

During the month of April, FORT FUNSTON the Golden Gate National Clean-up Day 9:30 AM Parks observe the centennial Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM of the 1906 Earthquake and MUIR WOODS Fire with a series of related Medicinal Plant Walk 10 AM–12 NOON programs, walks, and special PRESIDIO exhibits. Check the program The Last Gun 11 AM–3 PM Mar 29 April 5 April 13 April 21 descriptions in this calendar Are We There Yet? Army and the Refugees 1–3 PM and visit www.nps.gov/ goga/pphtml/events.html for more information. 1

CRISSY FIELD CENTER PRESIDIO CRISSY FIELD CENTER Juana Briones: Una Leyenda Una Mujer 1–3 PM National Crissy Field Aviation Walk 10 AM–12 NOON MARIN HEADLANDS Cemetery Walk FORT FUNSTON Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM Nike Missile Site Open House 12:30–3:30 PM 10 AM–12 NOON FORT POINT Pier Crabbing 10 AM–12 NOON MUIR WOODS MARIN HEADLANDS Muir Beach Bird Walk 9–10:30 AM Wildflower Woods and Hills 11 AM–2:30 PM OCEAN BEACH MUIR WOODS Birds, Bees, and Wind AKA Adopt-a-Beach Clean-up Day: Sloat Street Sex in the Woods 10 AM–12 NOON 10 AM–12 NOON PRESIDIO PRESIDIO The Last Gun Are We There Yet? Army and the Refugees 8 11 AM–3 PM 23 4 5 6 7 1–3 PM

MARIN HEADLANDS CRISSY FIELD CENTER PRESIDIO ALCATRAZ Beginning Birding 9:30–11:30 AM Ecological Restoration of the Are We Alcatraz Kidz Tourz: Kids of Alcatraz 4:20–7:15 PM 10:30 AM–12:30 PM MUIR WOODS Waterfront There Yet? FORT FUNSTON Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM Muir Woods Geology Hike 10 AM–1:30 PM MARIN HEADLANDS Army and MARIN HEADLANDS Sunset Full Moon Walk to the Smashing Plates and Elastic Rocks 9 AM–2 PM Refugees MUIR WOODS Wildflower Hike 10 AM–2 PM 7:15–9:15 PM 1–3 PM MUIR WOODS Muir Woods PRESIDIO Crissy Field Clean-up 9 AM by Moonlight 7–9 PM The Presidio Rocks and Roles 10 AM–12 NOON PRESIDIO Are We There Yet? Army and the Refugees 1–3 PM Shuttle through Time 9 10 11 12 12:50–2 PM 13 14 15

CRISSY FIELD CENTER PRESIDIO PRESIDIO PRESIDIO FORT FUNSTON Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM Juana Briones: A Legend, a Woman 1–3 PM National From Rubble Are We A Million Years in 2 Miles 1–3 PM MUIR WOODS Cemetery Walk to There Yet? FORT POINT Pier Crabbing 10 AM–12 NOON 10 AM–12 NOON Renaissance Army and Easter Morning Wildflower Hike 10 AM–1:30 PM LANDS END Shipwrecks at the Golden Gate 2–3 PM 10–11:30 AM the PRESIDIO Earthquake MARIN HEADLANDS Refugee Tent From Post Refugees 1906 Earthquake Centennial Walk 1–3 PM Wildflowers of Wolf Ridge 9:30 AM–2 PM Camps of to Park 1–3 PM Spring Family Camp 3 PM–12 NOON, APRIL 23 Tennessee Hollow 1–3 PM 12 NOON–1:30 PM PRESIDIO 1906 Refugee Camp Walk 10–11 AM Presidio 1906 Earthquake Commemoration 16 17 18 19 20 21 11 AM–3 PM 22

MUIR WOODS FORT FUNSTON Alice Eastwood Earthquake Centennial Hike Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM 10 AM–1 PM MARIN HEADLANDS PRESIDIO Tennessee Valley Ramble 11 AM–1:30 PM The Earth Shook, the Sky Burned 1–2:30 PM 23 PRESIDIO Great Scott! 1–2:30 PM Are We There Yet? Army and the Refugees 1–3 PM

30 24 25 26 27 28 29 Program Information Juana Briones: A Legend, A Kids on Trails (Caminata sonidos, sabores y olores en Crissy and fun every Saturday morning at Cannon Loading Woman (4/16) Infantil) (3/5) Field. En nuestro paseo vamos a the ranger station from 10 AM to Demonstrations Find out more about one of the Kids on trails es un guía diseñada buscar cangrejos y saborearemos 12:30 PM. Reservations suggested; During a Civil War artillery drill, Presidio’s legendary women. We para los jóvenes que visitan el par- dulces de fresa. Escucharemos phone 239-4247. learn how soldiers were taught will color, draw, and hear stories as que. Durante la caminata de 2/3 mil- leyendas culturales y oleremos el to load and fire a Napoleon 12- we walk to (walk las explore el mundo natural dentro hábitat del océano. Tocaremos las PROGRAM pounder cannon. ends at El Polin). For families with del bosque histórico del Presidio y arenas de Crissy Field, mientras jug- A Million Years in 2 Miles “Fort Point, Guardian of the children ages 4 to 9. Meet Ranger aprenda sobre un hábitat natural. El amos en la arena bajo los árboles de (3/25, 4/22, 5/6) The San Andreas Golden Gate” Fatima Colindres at the Center; paseo comienza enfrente del Main cipreses. Cosas que pueden traer: Fault has been “remodeling” the Award-wining 30 minute video space is limited. Post Centro al Visitante, 50 Moraga juguetes para la arena, zapatos con- cliffs of Fort Funston for over one program about the history of Fort Avenue en el Presidio de San Fran- fortables, abrigo y su am or por la million years. Multiple layers tell Juana Briones: Una Leyenda Point from 1776 through World cisco y culmina en Inspiration Point. naturaleza. Familias con niños 4 -9 an interesting geologic story. Join a Una Mujer (4/2) War II. Shown throughout the day Familias con niños de 5 a 9 años de años. Registracion es requerida talk on the dynamics of the San Acompáñeme en un paseo recor- in the theater. X edad; el espacio es limitado, registra- llame a Ranger Fátima Colindres, Andreas Fault Zone and a moder- dando a una mujer legendaria en la cion es requerida llame a Ranger Fa- 561-4405. ate 2-mile hike along the beach. Fort Point staff offers a variety of historia del presidio. Caminaremos, programs. A schedule is posted at tima Colindres, 561-4405. FORT FUNSTON Dress in layers, wear hiking shoes, dibujaremos, y escucharemos histo- and bring water. Meet Docent Jim the entrance to the fort. Lower Tennessee Hollow For information, phone 561-4323. des de Crissy Field asta llegar al Hyde at the ranger station. Reser- Watershed (3/14) Polin uno de los lugares donde re- vations required; phone 561-4323. PROGRAM sidió Juana. Paseo comienza en El Discover little-known El Polin ONGOING Pier Crabbing (3/25; 4/8, 4/22; Crissy Field Center y culmina en El Spring on a moderate, 1-mile, Fort Funston Clean-up Day FORT POINT 5/6, 5/20) Learn about crabbing in Polin. Familias con niños de 4 a 9 lunch-hour walk. Explore the his- (3/4, 4/1, 5/6) Bring dogs, friends, During the retrofit of the Golden the . We’ll discuss años de edad; el espacio es limitado, tory of this unique ecosystem and family to help keep Fort Funston Gate Bridge, the fort will be open on bait, equipment, and regulations, inscripción es necesaria llame a where fresh water flows to the clean for everyone; held in conjunc- Friday, Saturday, and Sunday only, and then let you try your luck with Ranger Fatima Colindres, 561-4405. Crissy Field marsh, serpentine tion with Fort Funston Dogwalkers. from 10 AM to 5 PM. Phone 556-1693 our nets. Reservations required; grasslands bloom, and fertility Bring gloves; trash bags are provided. to verify open hours.Visit Fort Kids on Trails (3/19) call 556-1693. myths were born. Wear shoes suit- Volunteers meet on the first Saturday Point’s website: www.nps.gov/ Join Ranger Fatima Colindres on a morning of the month at 9:30 AM in fopo/home.htm 2/3-mile walk along the Ecology able for descending and climbing LANDS END the parking lot. Phone Fort Funston Trail using a new guide designed slopes. Rain cancels. Meet the do- For information, phone 561-4323. cent at Center. Dogs at 468-1262 for more informa- ONGOING for young park visitors. The walk PROGRAM tion and to confirm event, as it is oc- “Building the Golden Gate begins near the NPS Visitor Center Presidio Birdlife (3/11) Shipwrecks at the Golden Gate casionally rescheduled. Bridge” and ends at the Inspiration Point See and learn about the diverse (3/25, 4/22, 5/20) On a moderately Video made by overlook. For families with chil- Presidio birdlife on a moderate Fort Funston Green Team strenuous hike, see and learn about Company on the construction of dren ages 5 to 9. Meet at the Pre- 1-mile walk. Meet Ranger Will (every Saturday) Restoring the some of the ships that perished on this national engineering land- sidio Officers’ Club on the Main Elder at the Center. that once dominated San the rocky cliffs of the Golden Gate. mark. X Post. Space is limited. Use sus sentidos en Crissy Francisco’s dunes, Fort Funston’s Meet Docent Rich Harned at the Field!* (5/7) Green Team is propagating and Venga y experimente el paisaje, planting up a storm. Food, friends, [Continued on next page] Park Programs MAY

SUNDAY MON TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY

FORT FUNSTON Clean-up Day 9:30 AM Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM A Million Years in 2 Miles 1–3 PM FORT POINT Pier Crabbing 10 AM–12 NOON MARIN HEADLANDS Wildflowers of Wolf Ridge 9:30 AM–2 PM MUIR WOODS Gravity Car Hike 10 AM–1:30 PM PRESIDIO Heart of the Presidio 10 AM–12 NOON The Last Gun 11 AM–3 PM SOUTHERN LANDS 1 2 3 4 5 360 Degrees of Pacifica 9:30 AM–4 PM 6

CRISSY FIELD CENTER PRESIDIO PRESIDIO CRISSY FIELD MARIN ALCATRAZ Use sus sentidos en Crissy Field!* 10 AM–1 PM National Barracks, CENTER HEADLANDS Alcatraz Kidz Tourz: Creative Escapes 4:20–7:15 PM MARIN HEADLANDS Cemetery Walk Buildings, Ecological Sunset Full Moon CRISSY FIELD CENTER Beginning Birding 9:30–11:30 AM 10 AM–12 NOON and Bunkers Restoration of Walk to Point History, Heroes, and Houses 10–11:30 AM Springtime at 2–4 PM the Waterfront Bonita Nike Missile Site Open House 12:30–3:30 PM FORT FUNSTON Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM Tennessee Hollow 10:30 AM–12:30 PM Lighthouse MUIR WOODS MARIN HEADLANDS 12 NOON–1:30 PM 7:45–9:45PM Muir Beach Bird Walk 9–10:30 AM PRESIDIO Smashing Plates and Elastic Rocks 9 AM–2 PM 11 AM–1:30 PM Shuttle through MUIR WOODS Whales and Wildflowers MUIR WOODS Muir Beach Bird Festival 7 AM–12 NOON Time Muir Woods by OCEAN BEACH Adopt-a-Beach Clean-up Miwok Uses of Plants and Animals 10 AM–12 NOON 12:50–2 PM Moonlight Day: Balboa Street 10 AM–12 NOON 7:30–9:30 PM PRESIDIO The Last Gun 11 AM–3 PM 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

MUIR WOODS PRESIDIO FORT FUNSTON Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM Mother’s Day Wildflower Hike 10 AM–1:30 PM From Post to Park FORT POINT Pier Crabbing 10 AM–12 NOON PRESIDIO 1–3 PM LANDS END Buffalo Soldiers at the Presidio 1–3 PM Shipwrecks at the Golden Gate 1–2 PM MARIN HEADLANDS Bones, Bones, Bones 10 AM–1 PM Bunkers of Hill 88 11 AM–1:30 PM MUIR WOODS Medicinal Plant Walk 10 AM–12 NOON PRESIDIO Crissy Field Clean-up 9 AM 14 15 16 17 18 19 Earth, Wind, and Flowers 10 AM–12 NOON 20

CRISSY FIELD CENTER PRESIDIO FORT FUNSTON Come to Your Senses at Crissy Field 10 AM–1 PM National Green Team 10 AM–12:30 PM MUIR WOODS Cemetery Walk PRESIDIO Bones, Bones, Bones 10 AM–1 PM 10 AM–12 NOON Horseshoes and Carrots 12 NOON–1:30 PM PRESIDIO Patriotism and Prejudice 1–3 PM

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

PRESIDIO Memorial Day Ceremony 11 AM–12 NOON

April 27 May 5 May 13 May 20

28 29 30 31 *Offered in Spanish; English translation available Program Information USS San Francisco Memorial park- Meet Point Bonita docents along and back, we will be on the lookout Smashing Plates and Elastic wild edge of the continent. The 1/2- ing lot on El Camino del Mar, just the lighthouse trail. This historic for cats that inhabit or visit the Rocks (3/11, 4/15, 5/13) mile trail is steep in places. Meet north of 48th and Point Lobos av- setting offers breathtaking views Marin Headlands: feral cats, bob- Discover how the rocks of the park staff and docents at the Point enues. Reservations required; and many stories. The 1/2-mile trail cats, and (of course) mountain li- Marin Headlands became the epi- Bonita Lighthouse trailhead. Lim- phone 561-4323. is steep in places. For more infor- ons. We’ll make several stops to center of plate tectonics. This hike ited to 40. mation, phone 331-1540. learn more about these stealthy will cover about 5 miles of uneven MARIN HEADLANDS Tennessee Valley Ramble (4/29) creatures. As a bonus, we’ll enjoy a terrain. Ages 10 and up. Meet On a moderate 2-mile, one-way The visitor center is open daily, PROGRAMS postcard sunset over the Pacific Ranger (and Geonaut) Roxi Farwell hike to the beach, examine pat- 9:30 AM to 4:30 PM. We invite you to (Reservations required; phone 331- Ocean. Meet Steffen Bartschat at at the visitor center. Bring water terns of life on the landscape and begin your exploration of the park 1540.) the Tennessee Valley trailhead. and bag lunch and wear sturdy imagine how humans have figured here. Plan your outing or relax af- Beginning Birding (3/12, 4/9, 5/7) Limited to 25 people (sorry, no shoes. Persistent rain cancels. in the picture over time. Stay and terward. Our award-winning ex- Spring is here—join Docent Jane dogs). Bring water, snack, and enjoy lunch on the beach, or hike hibits introduce you to the parks’ Spring Family Camp (4/22) Haley for an easy walk around warm layers. back at your own pace. Meet Kat- stories. Unless otherwise noted, all Bring your family (with kids ages 5 to discover spring- rina Wagner at the Tennessee Val- programs require reservations. Scrub-to-Beach Exploration to 15) on a short overnight back- time birds of the Marin Headlands. ley trailhead. For general program information pack (1 mile) to beautiful Haypress Bring binoculars and field guides. Hike (3/25) and to make reservations, phone Camp. Learn about local flora, fau- Wildflower Photography Hike For ages 8 and up. Meet at the visi- Rove the lagoon, valley, and beach, 331-1540. seeking what’s “uniquely Head- na, and history as we share in the (3/18) Bring your camera and tripod tor center. fun of a traditional campfire pro- Visit Marin Headlands’ website: lands.” Meet Katrina Wag-ner at to photograph spring wildflowers Bones, Bones, Bones (3/18, 5/20) gram. Meet at the Tennessee Valley www.nps.gov/goga/mahe the visitor center for this moderate on this moderate 2- to 3-mile hike. trailhead. Program ends at noon Drop by the visitor center to meet 3-mile hike. Meet Al Greening at the visitor the following day (4/23). Limited to ONGOING “Roadkill Nancy” Valente and center. view her collection of skulls and Secret Gardens of the 8 families and/or 24 people (sorry, Nike Missile Site Open House Wildflower Woods and Hills bones. A hands-on experience for Headlands (3/11) no dogs); reservations required. (3/5, 4/2, 5/7) Open the first Sunday (4/8) Join Susan Ovington for a children of all ages. For informa- Explore the wildflower gardens Phone 331-1540 and leave your of each month, and Wednesday, moderate 5-mile hike up shady tion, phone 331-1540. X along Julian Trail, where moss and email address; trip leader will con- Thursday, and Friday afternoons Oakwood Valley, across the ridge, lichen embrace miniature flowers, tact you with more information. from 12:30 to 3:30 PM. Come explore a Bunkers of Hill 88 (5/20) and down Old Springs Trail. Dress and rock gardens open into wild restored era-anti-aircraft Take a strenuous 3-mile roundtrip Spring Wildflower Slide Show in layers and bring lunch and wa- views of the Pacific. Join Docent missile battery at Nike Site SF-88 on hike up Hill 88 to enjoy breathtak- (3/19) Join Lynda Bartek at the visi- ter. Meet at the Oakwood Valley Gail Lester on this gentle, easy Field Road. On-leash pets are wel- ing views and learn about gun em- tor center to view a wildflower trailhead on Tennessee Valley stroll in celebration of spring. come. Buildings above-ground are placements and anti-aircraft sites slide presentation. Afterwards, Road. Meet at the Julian Trail section of accessible. For information, phone in the Headlands. Meet Katrina Lynda will lead a short, easy hike to the Coastal Trail at McCullough Wildflowers of Wolf Ridge 331-1543, or visit www.nps.gov/goga/ Wagner at the Rodeo Beach fire identify flowers along the trail. and Conzelman roads. Dress in (4/22, 5/6) It’s a hearty hike to this mahe/nimi. gate. Slide presentation X layers. Heavy rain cancels. Limited special wildflower community 900 Point Bonita Lighthouse Cats of the Marin Headlands to 15. Sunset Full Moon Walk to Point feet above sea level. Wear sturdy (every Saturday/Sunday/Monday) (3/18) On this moderate 4-mile Bonita Lighthouse (3/14, 4/13, shoes and dress in layers. Bring Open hours are 12:30 to 3:30 PM. round-trip hike to Tennessee Beach 5/12) Greet the rising moon at this [Continued on next page] Program Information water and a light lunch for this Mother’s Day Wildflower Hike PACIFICA Barracks, Buildings, and Union spy, an Indian scout, Buffalo 4.5-mile, moderately strenuous (5/14) Join Ken Lavin for a 5- to 6- A multi-agency visitor center, locat- Bunkers (5/10) Soldiers, and others interred here. roundtrip hike. Meet Ranger Roxi mile exploration of Muir Woods ed in the Pacifica Chamber of Com- Join us for a moderate 1.5-mile This 1-mile walk has a steep uphill Farwell at the Coastal Trail fire gate and Mt. Tamalpais in search of late merce office at Rockaway Beach, is Main Post tour. Meet Ranger Rik climb. Phone 561-4323 for meeting near the Rodeo Beach parking lot. spring bloomers. Meet at the open seven days a week. It offers Penn at the NPS Visitor Center, in- place. Heavy rain cancels. visitor center. side the Presidio Officers’ Club, exhibits and information on recre- Nature’s Deli (3/12, 3/22) Main Post. MUIR WOODS Muir Beach Bird Festival ational activities throughout the Discover edible native flora on a Muir Woods is open every day, in- (5/13) Learn about birds, bird mi- Pacifica area. Phone (650) 355-4122 Buffalo Soldiers at the Presidio moderate, 2-mile walk. Dress for directions and more informa- cluding holidays, 8 AM to sunset. gration, and how to use a scope (3/5, 5/14) Learn how the African- warmly and wear shoes suitable for tion. For current closing time, phone and binoculars. Join in on bird American “Buffalo Soldiers” con- stair-climbing in wet terrain. Meet 388-2595. The visitor center opens walks and other activities. Bird- tributed to our country’s rich his- Ranger Rik Penn at the Warming at 9 AM and closes one-half hour friendly coffee and chocolate will tory on a moderate, 2-mile walk. Hut, west end of Mason Street. For information, phone 561-4323. before the park. There is a $3 en- be available for sampling! Meet at Meet Ranger Rik Penn at the NPS Patriotism and Prejudice (5/21) trance fee for visitors age 16 and the Muir Beach picnic area. (No Visitor Center, inside the Presidio PRESIDIO Japanese-American soldiers older. reservations required.) Officers’ Club, Main Post. The Presidio Visitor Center is trained here for intelligence work located inside the Presidio Offi- ONGOING Muir Beach Bird Walk (3/5, 4/2, The Earth Shook, the Sky and were sent to war as their fami- cers’ Club, Building 50, Moraga (4/23) Rangers and volunteers present 5/7) Join the Ong family on an easy Burned lies were moved into internment Avenue, in the Main Post area and Heroes and villains played their 15-minute ecology talks and guided 1-mile walk to view birds in coastal, camps. Learn about this paradox is open daily, 9 AM to 5 PM. For in- roles, and tragedy was gradually 1-hour tours daily, as staffing per- riparian, and lagoon habitats. This on an easy, 1/2-mile walk. Meet formation and to make program transformed into triumph. Hear all mits. Check the program board at activity is suitable for beginning Ranger James Osborne at the reservations, phone 561-4323. about it on a moderate 1-mile walk. X the park entrance for times and lo- through advanced birders. Families Crissy Field Center. with children age 8 and older are Visit the Presidio website: www. Meet Ranger James Osborne at the cations. No reservations necessary. Presidio 1906 Earthquake also welcome. Bring binoculars if nps.gov/prsf Presidio Officers’ Club, Main Post. Commemoration (4/22) Young people between the ages of you have them and dress for cool, X Includes music by the 91st Division 6 and 12 can become Muir Woods windy weather. Meet at the Muir ONGOING Earth, Wind, and Flowers Army Band, disaster preparedness Junior Rangers. Ask about this pro- Beach parking lot. Crissy Field Clean-up Day (5/20) Find out how unusual geo- information, period readings, and gram at the Information Table or in (3/18, 4/15, 5/20) Bring dogs, Muir Beach Tidepool Walk logic and weather conditions have an illustrated presentation of the the visitor center. friends, and family to this once-a- (3/26) Take a stroll down beautiful produced a unique ecosystem at Presidio’s role after the 1906 earth- Phone the Muir Woods Hotline, month event and help keep Crissy Muir Beach while you learn how the Presidio on an easy 2-mile quake and fire. Visit a recreated 388-2595, for updates on hours, sea- Field clean of litter and dog waste. the tide changes. Explore the vari- walk. Bring a camera and wear earthquake camp, check out new sonal news, trail conditions, and Bring gloves; trash bags are provid- ous tidal zones and learn about the comfortable shoes and a coat. exhibits at the rehabilitated earth- special program details. ed. Clean-up areas include the east amazing creatures that live only in Meet Ranger Will Elder at Crissy quake cottages, or go on guided and central beaches and the prom- Muir Beach and Muir Beach Over- these habitats. All ages welcome. Field Center, corner of Halleck walks to Presidio refugee camp enade area. Volunteers meet the X look are open from 9 AM to one Meet Kate Maher at the Muir and Mason streets. sites. Meet at the Main Post flag third Saturday of the month at 9 hour after sunset. For program Beach picnic area. pole before progressing to the Pre- AM at the East Beach parking lot Earthquake Refugee Tent reservations, please call 388-2596. Camps of Tennessee Hollow sidio fire station. Visit Muir Woods’ expanded web- Muir Woods by Moonlight picnic tables. Email Crissy Field (3/14, 4/13, 5/12) Explore the magic Dogs at crissyfielddog@sbcglobal. (4/18) On the centennial of a devas- The Presidio Rocks and Roles site: www. nps.gov/muwo/home. tating disaster, visit the site of a of Muir Woods under a full moon, net for more information and to (4/15) Learn the geology behind htm 1906 refugee camp in Tennessee learning about the secret nightlife confirm event, as it is occasionally the shaky history of the Bay Area Hollow. Phone 561-4323 for meet- PROGRAMS of an old-growth redwood forest. rescheduled. on this 2-mile, moderately strenu- ing place. Dress for the weather and bring a ous walk. Wear comfortable walk- (Reservations required; phone 388- The Last Gun (3/4, 3/5; 4/1, 4/2; flashlight. Children under 8 years ing shoes and a coat. Meet Ranger 2596.) 5/6, 5/7) How can a 50-ton gun From Post to Park (3/15, 4/19, of age not advised. Less than 2- 5/17) Learn about the past, present, Will Elder at Crissy Field Center. Alice Eastwood Earthquake “disappear”? Learn this and more miles roundtrip, flat and paved. and future of the Presidio on a Centennial Hike (4/23) while helping load and aim the last Ridge-to-Bridge Ride (3/19) moderate 1-mile walk. Meet Do- Join Catherine Ramberg for a 5- to Muir Woods Geology Hike operational gun of its kind. Photos Cycle to the Marin Headlands and cent Rich Harned at the Presidio 6-mile hike and hear stories about (4/9) The 1906 earthquake that lev- of the century-old Endicott system back on a strenuous 12-mile loop. Officers’ Club, Main Post. X famous botanist Alice Eastwood, eled San Francisco left William batteries in action are on display in Helmet required. Meet Ranger including her daring rescue of the Kent’s coast redwoods untouched, an underground cartridge room. 11 From Rubble to Renaissance James Osborne at the William Penn Academy of Sciences’ botanical yet the political and economic af- AM to 3 PM, first full weekend of (4/19) Take an easy 1.5-mile walk Mott Jr. Visitor Center on Mont- collection after the 1906 earth- tershocks that followed nearly each month. Rain cancels. Located and learn how San Francisco daz- gomery Street, Main Post. quake. Meet at the visitor center. at Battery Chamberlin, at north zled the world with its 1915 Pana- spelled doom for this old-growth Shuttle through Time (3/9, 4/13, redwood forest. Learn how the ’06 end of parking lot. ma-Pacific International Exposi- Birds, Bees, and Wind, aka Sex 5/11)Take the PresidiGo shuttle and earthquake led to the creation of tion just nine years after the 1906 in the Woods (4/8) 1906 Earthquake Centennial travel through time as you hear the park as we explore the geology earthquake and fire. Meet Ranger Join Robert Mackler for a moder- Visit “Survivors: Life in an ’06 stories spanning the centuries. of Muir Woods and Mount Tam on Marcus Combs at the corner of ate 3-mile naturalist walk focusing Quake Camp” to experience what Meet the ranger at the Transit Cen- this moderately strenuous 6- to 7- Lincoln Boulevard and Funston on bird activity and the pollination life was like for San Franciscans left ter, corner of Lincoln Boulevard mile hike. Meet Ken Lavin at the Avenue. strategies of trees and plants in homeless by the 1906 earthquake and Graham Street. X visitor center. Muir Woods. This program is and fire. The recreated refugee Great Scott! (4/29) Springtime at Tennessee geared to adults and responsible Native American Uses of Plants camp is located in the Presidio at Explore Fort Winfield Scott, the Hollow (5/9) teens. Meet at the visitor center. and Animals (5/13) the intersection of Lincoln Boule- post-within-a-post once described Explore the natural and human his- Join Robert Mackler for a moder- vard and Halleck Street, close to as “the most beautifully located Bones, Bones, Bones (3/19, 5/21) tory of this unique ecosystem. ate 3-mile naturalist walk focusing parking and Muni lines. Open army post in the country,” on an Wear shoes suitable for descending Meet zoo archeologist “Roadkill on Miwok uses of plants for food, weekends 10 AM to 4 PM; week-day easy 1-mile walk. Meet the docent Nancy” Valente and view her col- and climbing slopes. Rain cancels. medicine, dyes, basketry, and ar- tours will be offered at 12 NOON. on the corner of Kobbe and Upton lection of bones, skulls, and skins. Meet the docent at Inspiration row-making. This program is Phone 561-4323 for more informa- avenues. oint. A hands-on experience for all ages. P geared to adults and responsible tion and to sign up for a group tour. Meet on the boardwalk 100 feet be- Heart of the Presidio (5/6) SOUTHERN LANDS X teens. Meet at the visitor center. yond the entrance arch. PROGRAMS Join an easy 1-mile walk and ven- , , Whales and Wildflowers (5/7) ture into the past of the Presidio’s Early Spring Wildflower Hike (Reservations required; phone 561- Mori Point Join Ranger Mia Monroe and Dave Main Post area. Meet Ranger Mar- (3/12) Our first wildflowers are out! 4323.) For information on these sites, McKenzie for a moderate 3-mile cus Combs at the NPS Visitor Cen- We’ll take a moderately strenuous please phone (415) 561-4323. round-trip hike along the coast on 1906 Earthquake Centennial ter, inside the Presidio Officers’ 5- to 6-mile ramble and learn to the spectacular Owl Trail. The hills Walk (4/16) Club, Main Post. X identify our local flora. Meet Ken PROGRAM will be carpeted with wildflowers Take a moderate 2-mile walk and Lavin at the visitor center. Horseshoes and Carrots (3/25, 360 Degrees of Pacifica: and we’ll scan the ocean for gray learn of the Presidio’s role in the af- 5/27) Tour the historic stables and Southern Lands Hike (5/6) Easter Morning whale mothers and calves on their termath of and recovery from the meet the mounted Park Police’s Join Ranger George Durgerian on a Wildflower Hike (4/16) northward migration. Meet at the 1906 earthquake and fire. Meet four-legged friends. A great activity strenuous 7-mile loop hike up Mi- Join Ken Lavin on a moderately Muir Beach Overlook parking Ranger Rik Penn at the NPS Visitor for children; bring a carrot if you lagra Ridge, across Sweeney Ridge, strenuous 5- to 6-mile trek in area. Center inside the Presidio Officers’ search of spring bloomers in the Club, Main Post. like. This moderate 1/2-mile walk and down to Mori Point. Uncover Wildflower Hike (3/25, 4/15) Redwood Creek watershed. Meet 1906 Refugee Camp Walk (4/22) ends at the stables. Rain cancels. the history of bootleggers, butter- Join a ranger for a moderately at the visitor center. Visit the sites of the Presidio’s two Meet Docent Denise Chapleau at flies, and bombs. Meet at Salada strenuous 5-mile hike to experi- largest earthquake refugee camps the NPS Visitor Center, inside the Beach Café; wear sturdy shoes, Gravity Car Hike (5/6) ence the colorful wonders of and learn about the army’s role in Presidio Officers’ Club, Main Post. dress in layers, and bring water and Discover how visitors in the 1900s spring. Meet at the visitor center. relief efforts. An easy 1-mile walk. Letterman Legacy (3/18) a lunch. Rain or very heavy will reached Muir Woods by way of the Meet the ranger at Lincoln Boule- Learn about Letterman Hospital’s force a rescheduling. Reservations thrilling Gravity Car. Join Docent OCEAN BEACH vard and Halleck Street. X history and its future. Meet Ranger required; phone 561-4323. Evelyn Rose on a moderate one- For information, phone 561-4323. Marcus Combs at the corner of way hike that follows the Gravity Are We There Yet? The Army ONGOING Lincoln and Presidio. X STINSON BEACH Car route. Hike ends in Muir Adopt-a-Beach Clean-up Day and the Refugees (4/1, 4/8, 4/14, The beach is open daily for picnics Woods. Group limited to 15. Please Help clean up Ocean Beach in con- 4/15, 4/21, 4/29) Join San Francisco Memorial Day Ceremony (5/29) and recreational activities, 9 AM to call for meeting place. junction with the San Francisco City Guides and learn how thou- Join us for a day of honor and re- shortly after sunset. No lifeguards sands of soldiers left their barracks membrance. Parade begins at 10:30 on duty before Memorial Day. For Medicinal Plant Walk (3/11, 4/1, Chapter of the Surf Riders. Bring during 1906 to help city police and AM on the Main Post. Formal pro- updates on hours of operation and 5/20) Join Kristen Etcheverry for an gloves; trash bags are provided. firefighters take control during the gram from 11 AM to 12 NOON at the the latest surf, tide, road, and easy 2- to 3-mile stroll down the Meet on Ocean Beach on the first disaster. This moderate 1.5-mile National Cemetery. For more in- weather conditions, phone 868- Redwood Creek Trail. You will Sunday of each month. Look for walk crosses what was the city’s formation, phone 561-5500. 1922. learn about the edible and medici- the Surf Riders flag. Visit www.sf largest refugee camp. Meet guide at nal properties of the native plants surfrider.org/prog.htm for more in- (3/7, the Lombard Gate, rain or shine. National Cemetery Walk SUTRO HEIGHTS along the riparian zone through the formation. 3/21; 4/4, 4/18; 5/9, 5/23) Join Do- Contact City Guides at www.sfcity Frank Valley basin. Meet at the visi- cent Galen Dillman and hear about guides.org or phone 557-4266. Phone 561-4323 for information. tor center. Medal of Honor recipients, a NEWS FROM THE GOLDEN GATE NATIONAL PARKS CONSERVANCY The Nonprofit Partner for the Golden Gate National Parks

LIVING IN EARTHQUAKE COUNTRY

Earthquakes are a fact of life in • Secure water heaters with two-strap ing the city’s prisoners, and much Northern California. We get literally kits. more. $5.95 thousands of earthquakes a year and • Secure breakables and collectibles while not all of them are serious, sci- with Quake putty, wax, or museum Earthquake Safety entists say a big one is a certainty. gel. Tips Playing Cards Unfortunately, they can’t predict when Being prepared is the • Secure TVs and monitors with adhe- it will strike. But you can take preven- best defense against sive buckle kits. tative measures now to prepare your- the natural disasters self for an earthquake later. • Keep flammable or hazardous liq- that threaten our uids such as paints, pest sprays, or lives and properties. Here’s a checklist of things to do to cleaning products in cabinets or Use the 54 safety tips prepare for an earthquake. secured on lower shelves. contained in these playing cards as • Learn Cardiopulmonary Resuscit- suggestions to help reduce loss of life • Assemble an emergency supply kit. ation (CPR). A Land in Motion: California’s San and property damage at your home Supplies should include flashlight, • Always know the possible ways to Andreas Fault and workplace. $5.95 extra batteries, portable battery- exit your house and workplace in Join author Michael Collier as he trav- 1906 EARTHQUAKE QUIZ operated radio, gas shut-off tool, emergency situations. els the San Andreas Fault and talks to first-aid kit and first-aid manual, the scientists who study it. Incorp- QUESTIONS: • Decide where your family will re- What was the magnitude of the 1906 canned food, at least three gallons of orating an amazing collection of pho- unite if separated. earthquake? water per person, non-electric can tographs, clear writing, maps, and dia- Where was the earthquake’s epicenter? opener, essential medicines (includ- • Choose an out-of-state friend or rel- grams, A Land in Motion gives readers How many residents were left homeless ing prescription medications), pro- ative whom family members may call a new appreciation of the science, his- after the earthquake and fires? tective clothing and rainwear, sleep- after an earthquake to report where- tory, and impact of the most famous What was the estimated cost of the ing bag or blanket, and sturdy shoes. abouts and conditions. fault on Earth. $19.95 property damage? • Learn how to turn off gas, water, How did the military attempt to control LEARN MORE ABOUT EARTHQUAKES and electricity in case the lines are 1906 Earthquake the fires? The Parks Conservancy has published damaged. Playing Cards an informative book and produced Read about the facts, ANSWERS: • Know the danger spots—windows, two sets of educational playing cards stories, and scandals Estimated at 7.8 on the Richter scale. mirrors, hanging objects, fireplaces, for those who want to learn more of the 1906 earth- Under the , within a mile tall furniture. about California’s geology and earth- quake and subse- of Daly City. • Know the safe spots in each room— quakes. To purchase them, visit the quent fire in this More than 225,000 of the city’s 400,000 under sturdy tables or desks, against Conservancy’s online store at unique set of playing residents were displaced. inside walls. www.parksconservancy.org or stop by cards. Learn about tremendous acts of $400 million, or more than $8 billion in today’s dollars. • Secure heavy items of furniture and one of the Conservancy’s nine park bravery, how the Presidio provided appliances using flexible mount fur- stores. Store addresses are listed on critical services to earthquake By dynamiting firebreaks, which itself caused additional fires. niture straps. our website. refugees, the role of Alcatraz in hous-

Yes, I would like to join the Parks Conservancy. Enclosed is my membership contribution of: Do You Enjoy the Parks? $35 Park Partner — Receive all benefits of membership $50 Park Sponsor — Receive the award-winning book, Guide to the Parks $100 Park Steward — Receive a Mount Tamalpais sweatshirt JOIN US! Donations are tax-deductible. For information, or to join online, visit our website www.parksconservancy.org. To join by phone, call the Parks Conservancy at (415) 4R-PARKS.

NAME More than ever before, the Golden Gate National Parks need the support of people like you. By joining the Conservancy—the parks’ ADDRESS

nonprofit partner—you’ll become part of the effort to preserve the CITY STATE ZIP EMAIL national parks at the Golden Gate. DAY PHONE (INCLUDE AREA CODE) TOTAL ENCLOSED $ Your support helps restore native habitats, maintain miles of trails, Make check or money order payable to Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy preserve historic landmarks, and develop park education programs Charge to: Visa Mastercard Am Ex Discovery for young people. ACCOUNT NUMBER EXPIRATION DATE JOIN TH E PARKS CONSERVANCY AND YOU’LL RECEIVE:

O Two membership cards plus a special gift. SIGNATURE O Mail this coupon with payment to: Gateways, the quarterly membership newsletter filled with news Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, Building 201, Fort Mason, San Francisco, CA 94123 of the parks and tips on special places. O Park Adventures, the quarterly calendar of NPS and special THE GOLDEN GATE NATIONAL PARKS CONSERVANCY—OUR MISSION membership programs and events, delivered to your home. The Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy is a nonprofit membership organization created to pre- O serve the Golden Gate National Parks, enhance the experiences of park visitors, and build a community Free monthly e-mail newsletter. dedicated to conserving the parks for the future. O Invitations to members-only walks, talks, and excursions. We seek private contributions to augment federal funds for the parks, and work in collaboration with the O Discounts at park bookstores. National Park Service and the Presidio Trust to improve park sites, enlist volunteers in restoration proj- ects, provide services and education programs for visitors and local communities, and engage diverse O Free use of the Alcatraz and Fort Point audio tours. audiences in the national parks at the Golden Gate.

ParkNews 5 The Camp No One Used

The Plight of the Chinese After the 1906 Earthquake

Will Elder, NPS Interpretive Ranger, Presidio

Catastrophe draws people together, but at the same time, can magnify class and race distinctions. Like the recent Hurricane Katrina disaster, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire were no exceptions to this paradox. Although heroes arose from the dire circumstances, not everyone afflicted was treated with the same respect, or obtained the same level of assistance in the aftermath. Following the 1906 disaster, the people of San Francisco’s Chinatown received some of the poorest treatment of any group in the city. G R E B

O official camp, only lasting a little more manent. He stated that should circum- J S

N E L

E than a month as its residents, not sur- stances necessitate a further move, H

F O

N O

I prisingly, found accommodations else- there should be adequate warning and T C E L L O

C where.) sensitivity to the language barrier. He assured military authorities that if this LAND GRAB ATTEMPTED were done, the Chinese would give no Despite the military presence , there trouble. was extensive looting by city residents and even by the National Guard Meanwhile, a Committee on the troops. Consequently, the National Location of Chinatown was formed Guard was replaced by regular mili- and debated numerous permanent tary soldiers, who, though they did sites for its rebuilding, including not themselves loot, reportedly turned Hunter’s Point in San Mateo County. a blind eye to Chinatown’s civilian This idea was dismissed after officials looters. realized that property and poll taxes One of the first camps established for refugees from Chinatown near Fort Mason is documented in this collected from the Chinese in undated photo; suffering not only from the dislocation experienced by the rest of the city’s residents, the Chinese also had to contend with racial prejudice. The Chinese, who numbered around Hunter’s Point would no longer bene- 15,000 in San Francisco in 1906, were fit San Francisco. The relocation of The 1849 Gold Rush and the building old Chinatown for the last time. . . . one of the largest and least-welcomed Chinatown also posed a threat to the of the trans-continental railroad had City officials directing the refugees immigrant populations. As Ching Wah “Oriental trade” dominated by San brought people to San Francisco from approached us and told us to proceed Lee, a Chinatown historian, explained, Francisco . As the committee all over the world. For a number of toward the open grounds at the “At the time there was no work for struggled with the mounting pressure sociological reasons, by the early 20th Presidio Army Post.” white men, never mind the Chinese. from local and national concern over century, there was great prejudice But the Chinese would take any work the treatment of the Chinese, Seattle against Asians in America, particularly However, the majority of Chinese at any pay. This just increased their and offered to take them on the West Coast. Though a small refugees left San Francisco entirely, unpopularity.” With the destruction of in, no doubt further alarming the part of this larger story, the army’s most traveling to camps in Oakland, Chinatown by the 1906 earthquake committee members. Slowly, the approach to dealing with Chinatown’s which had its own small Chinatown. and fire, city officials had a convenient Committee on the Location of earthquake refugees is unfortunately The 400 or so Chinese who chose to excuse to drive the Chinese out of the Chinatown lost momentum, and the representative. remain in the city endured much con- city and claim the land Chinatown Chinese were allowed back into their fusion as military officials shuttled occupied for profitable commercial former neighborhood, which they SHOCK, PANIC, CONFUSION them from camp to camp in the ensu- development. rebuilt into one of the city’s cultural Like much of the city, when the vio- ing days. The first move was to roust icons. lent earthquake struck in the dawn them from a “mixed-race” camp near By then, reports of poor treatment of light of April 18, 1906, Chinatown suf- the entrance to Fort Mason and take the Chinese had gained the attention RISING LIKE A fered some damage, but its complete them to a camp on . of both the Chinese Legation and In a round-about way, the earthquake destruction came later as a result of James Phelan, a prominent San Fran- President Theodore Roosevelt. The and fire may have benefited the the firestorm that engulfed much of cisco capitalist and politician, objected president sent Secretary of Commerce Chinese. With municipal records downtown San Francisco. Similar to to this site, arguing that the camp Victor H. Metcalf to San Francisco to destroyed, many were able to fill out most of the city’s residents, the would prove difficult to dismantle investigate incidents of discrimination. new certificates of residence and claim Chinese were overcome by shock, once the Chinese settled in a location After meeting with city officials, American citizenship; this paved the panic, and confusion after the power- so close to the original Chinatown. Metcalf telegraphed the President: “It way for their wives, children, and ful quake. Watching helplessly as the is reported to me that no discrimina- “paper sons” to join them. Many of fires approached their homes and The army then moved the camp to tion of any kind has been shown the original Chinatown shacks were businesses, they no doubt wondered the Presidio Golf Links, but the post’s against anyone on account of race or replaced with Asian-style architec- which of their possessions they should Presidio Heights neighbors were color. The spirit has been and is to ture—graceful pagodas, ornate bal- take. What would they require, or greatly displeased, saying “the sum- assist the suffering, whoever and conies, and colorful façades. desire, after all else was gone? And mer zephyrs would blow the odors of wherever they may be.” At the same where would they go? Would they be Chinatown into their front doors.” time, the inhabitants of the Chinese Today, Chinatown is a bustling com- safe away from Chinatown? The next day, Chinese refugees were camp were briefly detained in camp munity of 70,000, one that opens its again transferred to a remote location after many “became demoralized and doors to immigrant newcomers and As did others across the city, the on the Presidio near Fort Point. With were leaving camp in body.” tourists alike. It represents a story not Chinese scrambled to gather their each move, the number of refugees only of survival, but of overcoming belongings and flee the encroaching dwindled. By the time they reached This action prompted a visit by the prejudice. The city’s Chinese earth- flames. As they left, the National this third and final location on April first secretary of the Chinese Legation, quake refugees, determined to stay Guard moved in to evacuate and 28, less than 300 remained to occupy a Chow Tsz Chi, who requested that the and rebuild, also improved their com- “safeguard” Chinatown. Hugh Kwong camp capable of holding up to 10,000 refugees be permitted to go in and out munity for the benefit of the entire Liang, only fifteen at the time, re- refugees. (The Chinese camp at the of the gate unmolested and that the city. called, “I turned away from my dear Presidio was the shortest-lived of any current site of the camp be made per-

6 ParkNews Historical Tidbits

Questions & Answers

Following is a potpourri of intriguing information, short pieces that and Fremont, via BART, and the app- domain. planned to log ask—and answer—some surprising questions. ropriately titled A Streetcar to Subduct- the redwoods and sell the lumber to ion and Other Plate Tectonic Trips by rebuild San Francisco. They also

Y Public Transport in San Francisco. schemed to build a dam near where E L E K R E B

Clyde made numerous contributions the park entrance arch is today and C U

, Y R

A to studies and projects undertaken in flood the canyon to create an emer- R B I L

T F

O the GGNRA landscape. gency water supply. R C N A B Where can I find out more about Once again, William Kent stepped for- Clyde’s work? Clyde’s extensive collec- ward to save this natural treasure. He tion of personal and professional offered to make a gift of the canyon to papers, maps, photographs, and publi- the people of the under cations is now housed at the GGNRA the provisions of National Antiquities Park Archives and Records Center and Act recently passed by Congress. This is available for research by appoint- act allowed for the creation of national ment; phone (415) 561-4804 for more monuments through presidential information. In this year commemo- decree. Kent knew that such an action rating the centennial of the Great would take precedence over North For weeks after the catastrophe, food was obtained by standing in line for it; at one point, more than 150 relief stations were in operation across the city. US Army soldiers were widely utilized to maintain order; Earthquake and Fire of 1906, it is only Coast’s legal machinations. here, they're shown patrolling the breadline on 6th Street, between Market and Mission. right to recognize and remember the magnificent work of a student of the President Theodore Roosevelt grate- WHERE DID ALL THE CONVICTS GO? their cells, herded them through the Earth, Clyde Wahrhaftig. fully accepted Kent’s bequest, and in One fine spring morning, the newly blazing streets, and made their way to ~Susan Ewing Haley, Archivist, Park January 1908, signed the proclamation completed Alcatraz barracks—and the the emergency headquarters at Fort Archives and Records Center establishing Muir Woods National entire island—had their structural sta- Mason. Monument, the first to be created bility sorely tested in what history has WHO WAS GENEROUS, WHO WAS through the gift of an individual titled the Great Earthquake. The entry Later in the afternoon, the city’s pris- BRAVE? donor. From the devastation wrought in the 1906 annual report was concise: oners embarked on a heavily guarded The earthquake that rumbled through by the earthquake, “the greatest tree “At about 5:30 on the morning of launch headed for Alcatraz. When San Francisco in the early-morning lover’s monument to be found in all [April] 18th, a very severe earthquake they pulled up alongside the island hours of April 18, 1906, left Sequoia the forest of the world” was saved for shock occurred, shaking all buildings, dock, the commanding officer had no Canyon—home to what is now Muir posterity. cracking many walls, and wrecking option but to let the motley crew land. Woods—virtually unscathed. None of many chimneys.” Soldiers living in the Space was found for the new arrivals the redwoods fell, none of the red- While William Kent was busy saving barracks made a simulta- in the already crowded cellblocks, and woods burned. But San Francisco Muir Woods, Alice Eastwood, another neous dash for the only stairway, caus- for the next nine days, the Rock’s mili- burned, and the aftershocks from that Muir Woods luminary, was hard at ing momentary panic and an impres- tary prisoners were joined by an eclec- conflagration nearly spelled doom for work rescuing the California Academy sive human traffic jam. A hurried tic mixture of muggers, thieves, these towering trees. of Science’s literally invaluable plant inspection revealed that Alcatraz had junkies, and drunken revelers— collection. S H N

S suffered relatively minor damage— refugees from the . R E W O T

Y mostly, broken chimneys and some ~John A. Martini, from Fortress E Eastwood, a pioneering botanist, was R G cracked plumbing. Alcatraz: Guardian of the Golden Gate head of the botanical collection at the (reprinted with permission) Academy for over fifty years. In the San Francisco had not been so lucky. days following the earthquake, Water mains and cisterns had rup- WHERE ON EARTH IS CLYDE’S RIDGE?! Eastwood salvaged the Academy’s tured throughout the city and fires And the answer is, Right here in botanical specimens (or “type collec- burned out of control, fueled by bro- Golden Gate National Recreation tion,” examples that define a species) ken gas mains under a hundred twist- Area, immediately north of Point as flames from post-quake fires crept ed streets. By late morning, several Bonita and Bonita Cove! ever nearer to the Academy building. fires had joined into one long front, At great personal risk, Eastwood eating away at the downtown financial Who Is Clyde? Clyde Wahrhaftig was a removed the collection to places of district. Alcatraz troops were ferried in noted geologist whose lifelong work safety. to assist in evacuating citizens, dyna- included extensive geological study of miting fire breaks, and protecting the . A profes- Today, Eastwood is remembered at abandoned buildings from looters. sor in the geology and geophysics Muir Woods through the Alice department at the University of Eastwood Trail, which climbs from the By the morning of April 19, a firestorm California, Berkeley, from 1960 to 1982, floor of Muir Woods to Camp approached the city’s municipal jail on Clyde was also a long-term employee Through the efforts of President Theodore Eastwood in Mount Tamalpais State Roosevelt (left) and William Kent (right), the lush Street. Guards could hear of the US Geological Survey in Menlo stand of old-growth redwoods we know today as Park. The upper reaches of the an unearthly roar as oxygen rushed Park. Known to “distrust and dislike Muir Woods was saved from destruction. Eastwood Trail are adorned with toward the flames. Buildings exploded the speed of automobiles and air- Eastwood manzanita, one of many in the superheated air, and asphalt on planes,” Clyde traveled the Bay Area A year earlier, in 1905, William Kent plant species identified by Alice the streets burst into flames as temper- by public transportation, studying its had purchased the canyon to save the Eastwood during her sojourns in and atures soared. The jailers decided it various seismic sites. He also research- trees from the logger’s axe. Now, in around Muir Woods. was time to evacuate their charges. ed and published numerous geologic the wake of the earthquake, North ~Ken Lavin, NPS Interpretive Ranger, Muir Talking some National Guardsmen field trip guides, including A Walker’s Coast Land and Water Company went Woods and sailors into assisting them, the Guide to the Geology of San Francisco to court to take the land away from guards removed 176 prisoners from and the Hayward Fault in Hayward Kent through the power of eminent

ParkNews 7 The National Parks at the Golden Gate

PARKLANDS INCLUDE Alcatraz Island Baker Beach China Beach Cliff House Crissy Field Fort Baker Fort Funston Fort Mason Fort Point Gerbode Valley Kirby Cove Lands End Marin Headlands Martinelli Ranch Milagra Ridge Mori Point Muir Beach Muir Woods

Oakwood Valley Ocean Beach Phleger Estate Point Bonita Presidio Rodeo Beach Stinson Beach

Sutro Heights

Sweeney Ridge

Tennessee Valley

Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA)

This 75,500-acre national park is located If the park destination you wish to visit San Francisco Maritime National National where the Pacific Ocean meets San Fran- or learn more about does not have a cor- Historical Park Marine Sanctuary . . . . . www.farallones.org cisco Bay. Extending north and south of responding phone number listed on this Maritime Museum ...... 561-7100 Presidio Trust ...... www.presidio.gov the Golden Gate, the park offers a spec- page, please phone GGNRA Headquar- Visitor Center ...... 447-5000 San Francisco NMHP . . . . www.nps.gov/safr tacular blend of natural beauty, historic ters at 561-4700 (Monday through Fri- Special Park Uses Group ...... 561-4300 features, open space, and urban develop- day) and park staff will assist you. Stinson Beach Weather ...... 868-1922 The National Park Service Web page at ment as well as a vast coastal preserve www.nps.gov ADDITIONAL USEFUL includes ParkNet, an online along its shoreline. Muir Woods National NATIONAL PARKS magazine providing natural and cultural his- Monument, Fort Point National Historic NUMBERS ON THE INTERNET tory, travel and tourism information, and basic Site, and the Presidio of San Francisco (area code 415 unless otherwise noted) information on all national park sites. Golden Gate National Recreation Area are within GGNRA’s boundaries and are Alcatraz Program Information . . . . . 561-4900 ...... www.nps.gov/goga managed as part of GGNRA. Beach Chalet Visitor Center, GULF OF THE Alcatraz ...... 751-2766 ...... www.nps.gov/alcatraz FARALLONES NATIONAL EMERGENCY (POLICE, Fort Point Camping Reservations ...... www.nps.gov/fopo MARINE SANCTUARY FIRE, AMBULANCE)...... 911 ...... 331-1540 (backcountry sites) Marin Headlands www.nps. gov/goga/mahe The sanctuary comprises 948 square Park Visitor/Information Centers ...... or 800-365-2267 (Kirby Cove) Muir Woods ...... www.nps. gov/muwo nautical miles of the Pacific Ocean off (area code 415 unless otherwise noted) Crissy Field Center (main) ...... 561-7690 Nike Missile Site the California coastline, west and north Crissy Field ...... 561-7761 (Center) Fort Mason Center ...... 441-3400 ...... www.nps.gov/goga/mahe/nimi of San Francisco and includes the Gulf of ...... or 561-3040 (Warming Hut) Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy Presidio ...... www.nps.gov/prsf the Farallones and the nearshore waters Fort Funston ...... 239-2366 ...... 561-3000 of Bodega, Tomales, and Drakes bays, Es- tero de San Antonia, Estero Americano, Fort Mason/GGNRA Headquarters Golden Gate Raptor Observatory . . . 331-0730 ADDITIONAL PARK- Duxbury Reef, and . It is (Monday–Friday) ...... 561-4700 Gulf of the Farallones National Marine RELATED SITES managed by the National Oceanic and TDD/V ...... 556-2766 Sanctuary ...... 561-6625 Crissy Field Center . . . . www.crissyfield.org Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fort Point ...... 556-1693 NPS Volunteer Information Fort Mason Center . . . . . www.fortmason.org ...... 561-4755 and provides special protection and TDD ...... 561-4399 Golden Gate Club. www.presidio.gov/venues Nike Missile Site ...... 331-1453 management for marine areas of national Marin Headlands ...... 331-1540 Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy Ocean Beach Fire Hotline ...... 561-4741 significance, for the benefit of the public Muir Woods ...... www.parksconservancy.org ...... 388-2596 Park Archives and Records Center . .561-4807 and the world’s oceans. Pacifica Golden Gate Raptor Observatory ...... (650) 355-4122 Point Reyes National Seashore . . . . 464-5100 Presidio ...... www.ggro.org Read ParkNews on the Web: ...... 561-4323 Presidio Habitat Restoration Team . .561-4848 TTY ...... 561-4314 www.nps.gov/goga/parknews

8 ParkNews