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Journal of European Integration History Revue D JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION edited by the Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission européenne 2007, Volume 13, Number 2 The Liaison Committee of Historians came into being in 1982 as a result of an important international symposium that the Commission had organized in Luxembourg to launch historical research on Euro- pean integration. The committee is composed of historians of the European Union member countries who work on contemporary history. The Liaison Committee: – gathers and conveys information about work on European history after the Second World War; – advises the European Union on research projects concerning contemporary European history. Thus, the Liaison Committee was commissioned to make publicly available the archives of the Community institutions; – enables researchers to make better use of the archival sources; – promotes research meetings to get an update of work in progress and to stimulate new research: seven research conferences have been organized and their proceedings published. The Journal of European Integration History – Revue d’histoire de l’intégration européenne – Zeitschrift für Geschichte der europäischen Integration is in line with the preoccupations of the Liaison Committee. Being the first history journal to deal exclusively with the history of European Integration, the Journal offers the increasing number of young historians devoting their research to contemporary Europe, a permanent forum. The Liaison Committee works completely independently and according to historians’ critical method. ❋ Le Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission des Communautés européennes s’est constitué en 1982 à la suite d’un grand colloque que la Commis- sion avait organisé à Luxembourg pour lancer la recherche historique sur la construction européenne. Il regroupe des professeurs d’université des pays membres de l’Union européenne, spé- cialistes d’histoire contemporaine. Le Groupe de liaison a pour mission: – de diffuser l’information sur les travaux portant sur l’histoire de l’Europe après la Seconde Guerre mondiale; – de conseiller l’Union européenne sur les actions scientifiques à entreprendre avec son appui; ainsi le Groupe de liaison a assuré une mission concernant la mise à la disposition du public des archi- ves des institutions communautaires; – d’aider à une meilleure utilisation par les chercheurs des moyens de recherche mis à leur disposi- tion (archives, sources orales...); – d’encourager des rencontres scientifiques afin de faire le point sur les connaissances acquises et de susciter de nouvelles recherches: sept grands colloques ont été organisés et leurs actes publiés. L’édition du Journal of European Integration History – Revue d’histoire de l’intégration européenne – Zeitschrift für Geschichte der europäischen Integration se situe dans le droit fil des préoccupati- ons du Groupe de liaison. Première revue d’histoire à se consacrer exclusivement à l’histoire de la construction européenne, le Journal se propose de fournir un forum permanent au nombre crois- sant de jeunes historiens vouant leurs recherches à l’Europe contemporaine. Le Groupe de liaison organise ses colloques et publications en toute indépendance et conformément à la méthode critique qui est celle des historiens. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION 2007, Volume 13, Number 2 Anne Deighton, coordinator Foreword ................................................................................................................. 5 Linda RISSO Introduction............................................................................................................. 7 Against Rearmament or Against Integration? The PCI and PCF’s Opposition to the European Defence Community and the Western European Union, 1950–1955 ............................................................................... 11 Maud BRACKE From the Atlantic to the Urals? Italian and French communism and the question of Europe, 1956–1973............. 33 Muriel BLAIVE Internationalism, Patriotism, Dictatorship and Demcracy: The Czechoslovak Communist Party and the Exercise of Power, 1945–1968 .... 55 Dagmara JAJEŚNIAK-QUAST Reaktionen auf die westeuropäische Wirtschaftsintegration in Ostmitteleuropa: Die Tschechoslowakei und Polen von den fünfziger bis zu den siebziger Jahren ........................................................................................ 69 Thomas FETZER Turning Eurosceptic: British trade unions and European integration (1961–1975).......................................................................................................... 85 Gabriele D’OTTAVIO The Treaties of Rome: Continuity and Discontinuity in SPD’s European Policy ................................................................................................. 103 Book reviews – Comptes rendus – Buchbesprechungen ................................... 115 Abstracts – Résumés – Zusammenfassungen .................................................... 133 Contributors – Auteurs – Autoren ...................................................................... 141 Editorial notice JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION 2007, Volume 13, Number 2 Anne Deighton, coordinator Articles for inclusion in this journal may be submitted at any time. The editorial board will then arrange for the article to be refereed. Articles should not be longer than 6000 words, footnotes included. They may be in English, French or German. Articles submitted to the Journal should be original contributions and not be submitted to any other publication at the same time as to the Journal of European Integration History. Authors should retain a copy of their article. The publisher and editors cannot accept responsibility for loss of or damage to authors’ typescripts or disks. The accuracy of, and views expressed in articles and reviews are the sole responsibility of the authors. Authors should ensure that typescripts conform with the journal style. Prospective contributors should obtain further guidelines from the Editorial Secretariat. Articles, reviews, communications relating to articles and books for review should be sent to the Editorial Secretariat. Citation The Journal of European Integration History may be cited as follows: JEIH, (Year)/(Number), (Page). ISSN 0947-9511 © 2007 NOMOS Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden and the Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission européenne. Printed in Germany. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publishers. 5 Foreword Anne DEIGHTON There is as yet little archivally based research on the reaction of Communists to the attempts to develop institutions of integration and consolidation in Western Europe in the early decades after World War Two. Volume 10, Number 2 of the Journal of European Integration History did start to examine some of these issues with regard to attitudes in Poland and Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic towards the European Community in the later periods of the Cold War and then post-Cold War years. However, the earlier period holds considerable promise as archival sources become more easily accessible across time, as well as within a greater number of Eastern European countries. The attitudes, policies and plans of Communist parties in Europe were necessarily predicated upon a delicate triangulation of each country’s specific national context, its relations with the Soviet Union, and the philosophical aspects of reactions to the recovery of Western capitalism and the growth of supranationalism, as well as integrated Western security and defence projects. This number of the Journal of European Integration History therefore takes forward the exploration of reactions of Communist parties to the uneven integration and security building process in the western part of the continent. Most of the articles in this number derive from papers presented at a conference Quelle Europe? Les partis communistes entre internationalisme et patriotisme, 1945-2005, organised at the Institut d’Etudes Européennes in Brussels on 5 May 2006. They have been gathered together and edited by Dr Linda Risso, a young Italian scholar based at the University of Reading in the UK. The articles that follow are in most cases based upon sets of archives that have been barely used before, or indeed which are still closed to the general researcher who cannot gain special permission to access them. The picture that emerges is still a fragmented one. We see how different the responses were, and also that there was not a monolithic and unchanging perception of what was happening in the western part of the continent. The bulk of the content of this Journal number is concerned with Communist parties. However, the articles by Thomas Fetzer and Gabriele d’Ottavio have a different focus. Fetzer deals with trade unions in the United Kingdom, and he considers their shifting responses to European integration. He deploys new archival sources effectively, to reveal the different sets of attitudes and ideas
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