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EVALUASI SIFAT KONTRAK LUMP SUM FIXED PRICE DAN ANALISIS BESARAN TARIF JALAN TOL (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Jalan Tol Batang Semarang)

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EVALUASI SIFAT KONTRAK LUMP SUM FIXED PRICE DAN ANALISIS BESARAN TARIF JALAN TOL (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Jalan Tol Batang Semarang) EVALUASI SIFAT KONTRAK LUMP SUM FIXED PRICE DAN ANALISIS BESARAN TARIF JALAN TOL (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Jalan Tol Batang Semarang) Disusun Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Guna Memperoleh Gelar Magister dalam Ilmu Teknik Sipil Oleh: NASRUL ARFIANTO S 100 160 018 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER TEKNIK SIPIL SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 2020 HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN EVALUASI SIFAT KONTRAK LUMP SUM FIXED PRICE DAN ANALISIS BESARAN TARIF JALAN TOL (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Jalan Tol Batang Semarang) PUBLIKASI ILMIAH Oleh: NASRUL ARFIANTO S 100 160 018 Telah diperiksa dan disetujui untuk diuji oleh: Dosen Pembimbing I, Dosen Pembimbing II, Ir. Sri Sunarjono, M.T., Ph.D. Ir. Agus Riyanto, M.T. i ii PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya bahwa dalam Publikasi Ilmiah ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu perguruan tinggi dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang ditulis atau diterbitkan orang lain, kecuali secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka. Apabila kelak terbukti ada ketidakbenaran dalam pernyataan saya di atas, maka saya akan pertanggungjawabkan sepenuhnya. Surakarta, Juli 2020 Penulis, iii EVALUASI SIFAT KONTRAK LUMP SUM FIXED PRICE DAN ANALISIS BESARAN TARIF JALAN TOL (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Jalan Tol Batang - Semarang) Abstrak Pembangunan jalan tol Batang - Semarang sepanjang + 74,2 km menggunakan kontrak lump sum dengan nilai fixed price dan sistem pembiayaan Contractor’s Pre Financing. Tantangan muncul dari kontrak lump sum adalah gambar rancangan dasar yang dijadikan pedoman dalam menetukan nilai kontrak lump sum secara aktual masih banyak perbedaan data. Akibatnya pada saat pelaksanaan di lapangan ada beberapa rancangan yang mengalami perubahan struktur maupun muncul bangunan tambah (lingkup baru), sehingga perlu dikaji lebih mendalam penerapan kontrak ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hasil evaluasi sistem kontrak pembangunan jalan tol yang bersifat lump sum fixed price berdasarkan sudut pandang owner pada proyek tersebut, serta menyampaikan analisis tarif dan masa konsesi jalan tol berdasarkan isi PPJT. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, artinya peneliti memperoleh data secara langsung mengenai penerapan kontrak lump sum dan melakukan analisis dari sumber data yang telah diolah. Addendum terjadi adanya penambahan ruang lingkup pekerjaan, akibat permintaan berbagai pihak untuk menambah beberapa struktur di sepanjang trase guna kepentingan masyarakat sekitar. Harga pasti kontrak lump sum sebenarnya tidak diperbolehkan adanya pekerjaan tambah maupun kurang, namun pada studi kasus ini ada celah yang dianggap merugikan pihak owner dalam isi kontrak perjanjian pasal 11. Kontraktor memiliki peluang terhadap kontrak lump sum, yaitu penambahan struktur bangunan baru. Penambahan lingkup di luar kontrak dapat diakui dan dibayar oleh JSB atas persetujuan BPJT disertai persyaratan tertentu yang dapat menjelaskan bahwa bangunan tersebut memang harus ada. Penetapan golongan jenis kendaraan bermotor dan besaran tarif tol diatur pemerintah melalui lampiran SK Menteri PUPR nomor: 54/KPTS/M/2019, mengenai tarif yang dikenakan Rp 1.010782 / km untuk kendaraan golongan I. Selanjutnya masa konsesi dituangkan dalam dokumen rencana usaha pengusahaan jalan tol Batang – Semarang diterbitkan oleh kementerian PUPR melalui BPJT bulan April 2016 yang berisi ringkasan kelayakan jalan tol Batang – Semarang bahwa masa konsesi (termasuk masa konstruksi) adalah 45 tahun. Kata kunci: lump sum, owner, tarif, konsesi 1 Abstract Construction of project Batang - Semarang toll road along + 74.2 km uses a lump sum contract with a fixed price value and a Contractor's Pre Financing financing system. The challenge that arises from a lump sum contract is the basic design drawing used as a guideline in determining the actual lump sum contract value. As a result, at the time of implementation in the field there were a number of designs that had experienced structural changes or additional buildings (new scope), so it was necessary to study more deeply the application of this contract. This study purpose to find out the results of the evaluation of the toll road construction contract system that is lump sum fixed price based on the owner's point of view on the project, as well as conveying an analysis of rate and concession period of the toll road based on the contents of PPJT. This study uses quantitative methods, meaning that researchers obtain data directly about the application of a lump sum contract and conduct an analysis of the data source that has been processed. An addendum has been added to the scope of work, due to requests from various parties to add several structures along the path in the interests of the surrounding society. The exact price of a lump sum contract is actually not allowed to add or lack of work, but in this case study there is a gap that is considered detrimental to the owner in the contents of the contract agreement article 11. The contractor has the opportunity for a lump sum contract, that is addition of a new building structure. The addition of scope outside the contract can be recognized and paid by JSB with BPJT approval along with certain requirements that can explain that the building must indeed exist. The determination of the type of motorized vehicle type and the toll rate is regulated by the government through attachment to the Minister of PUPR Decree number: 54 / KPTS / M / 2019, regarding the rates charged of Rp 1,010.782 / km for class I vehicles. Furthermore, the concession period is outlined in the Batang - Semarang toll road business plan business document issued by the Ministry of PUPR through BPJT in April 2016 which contains a summary of the feasibility of the Batang - Semarang toll road that the concession period (including the construction period) is 45 years. Keywords: lump sum, owner, rates, concession 1. Pendahuluan Pembangunan infrastuktur jalan raya merupakan salah satu prasarana darat yang berperan penting dalam berbagai hal. Misalnya saja digunakan dalam pendistribusian barang dan jasa, mobilitas masyarakat menuju suatu tempat, serta memudahkan pada sektor perekonomian yang lain. Sehingga pembangunan jalan raya mempunyai peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan peningkatan ekonomi di suatu negara. Proyek pembangunan jalan tol Batang - Semarang dengan panjang + 74,2 kilometer dibagi menjadi lima seksi (Septiadi, 2016). Pembangunan jalan tol Batang - Semarang ini menggunakan kontrak lump sum dengan nilai fixed price dan sistem pembiayaannya adalah Contractor’s Pre Financing (CPF). Sistem ini secara pelaksanaan akan meringankan bagi pemberi 2 jasa (owner) dari sisi biaya, mengingat pembiayaan dibebankan kepada kontraktor 100% dan dibayarkan 30 hari setelah berita acara PHO ditandatangani oleh kedua belah pihak. Adapun sistem kontrak lump sum ini merupakan salah satu yang diterapkan dalam proyek jalan tol. Banyaknya permasalahan yang terjadi dalam penerapan kontrak lump sum pada proyek jalan tol Batang - Semarang memerlukan evaluasi yang lebih detail. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kontrak lump sum yang telah diterapkan di proyek jalan tol dengan mengetahui bagaimana penerapannya, cara menyetujui adanya pekerjaan tambah sehingga dengan permasalahan yang terjadi dapat memperoleh solusi yang tepat baik secara legal maupun pelaksanaannya di lapangan. Nantinya setelah pembangunan jalan tol selesai dan diresmikan oleh presiden, kendaraan roda empat atau lebih berhak menggunakan jalan tol ini dengan tarif sesuai golongan yang berlaku. Pemerintah juga memberikan jangka waktu masa konsesi sesuai dengan PPJT yang telah diterbitkan. Berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah dipaparkan, maka dibuat rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: 1. Bagaimana evaluasi sistem kontrak pembangunan jalan tol yang bersifat lump sum fixed price berdasarkan sudut pandang pemberi jasa (owner) pada pembangunan jalan tol Batang - Semarang. 2. Bagaimana analisis tarif dan masa konsesi jalan tol Batang - Semarang berdasarkan isi PPJT. Kemudian mengenai tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1. Mengetahui hasil evaluasi sistem kontrak pembangunan jalan tol yang bersifat lump sum fixed price berdasarkan sudut pandang pemberi jasa (owner) pada pembangunan jalan tol Batang - Semarang. 2. Menyampaikan analisis besaran tarif dan masa konsesi jalan tol Batang - Semarang berdasarkan isi PPJT. 2. Metode Penelitian Suatu penelitian yang dilakukan harus disesuaikan dengan metodologi yang tepat. Metodologi penelitian adalah seperangkat alat atau pedoman yang berisi langkah-langkah (cara) sistematis dan logis tentang pencarian data yang berkenaan 3 dengan masalah-masalah tertentu. Terdapat dua jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Jenis penelitian yang penulis lakukan dengan metode kuantitatif, artinya peneliti akan memperoleh data secara langsung dari lapangan mengenai penerapan kontrak lump sum untuk pekerjaan pembangunan jalan tol Batang - Semarang. Bisa disimpulkan hasil penelitian ini merupakan hasil pembahasan yang diperoleh dari data mengenai evaluasi sifat kontrak lump sum di lapangan berdasar sudut pandang owner, nantinya akan menentukan bagaimana analisis tarif dan masa konsesi jalan tol Batang - Semarang berdasarkan isi PPJT yang telah diterbitkan. 2.1 Diagram Alir Berikut merupakan diagram alir dalam studi penilitian pada Gambar 2.1. Gambar 2.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian 4 2.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data Teknik pengumpulan data merupakan langkah yang paling utama dalam
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