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The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations Geological Society Memoirs the Geological Society of London Books Editorial Committee

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The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations Geological Society Memoirs the Geological Society of London Books Editorial Committee The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations Geological Society Memoirs The Geological Society of London Books Editorial Committee Chief Editor Bob Pankhurst (UK) Society Books Editors John Gregory (UK) Jim Griffiths (UK) John Howe (UK) Howard Johnson (UK) Rick Law (USA) Phil Leat (UK) Nick Robins (UK) Randell Stephenson (UK) Society Books Advisors Eric Buffetaut (France) Jonathan Craig (Italy) Tom McCann (Germany) Mario Parise (Italy) Satish-Kumar (Japan) Gonzalo Veiga (Argentina) Maarten de Wit (South Africa) IUGS/GSL publishing agreement This volume is published under an agreement between the International Union of Geological Sciences and the Geological Society of London and arises from IGCP project number 512. GSL is the publisher of choice for books related to IUGS activities, and the IUGS receives a royalty for all books published under this agreement. Books published under this agreement are subject to the Society’s standard rigorous proposal and manuscript review procedures. It is recommended that reference to all or part of this book should be made in one of the following ways: Arnaud, E., Halverson,G.P.&Shields-Zhou, G. (eds) 2011. The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 36. Hoffman, P. F., Macdonald,F.A.&Halverson, G. P. 2011. Chemical sediments associated with Neoproterozoic glaciation: iron formation, cap carbonate, barite and phosphorite. In:Arnaud, E., Halverson,G.P.&Shields-Zhou, G. (eds) The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 36, 67–80. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY MEMOIR NO. 36 The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations EDITED BY EMMANUELLE ARNAUD University of Guelph, Canada GALEN P. HALVERSON McGill University, Canada and GRAHAM SHIELDS-ZHOU University College London, UK 2011 Published by The Geological Society London THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Geological Society of London (GSL) was founded in 1807. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe. It was incorporated under Royal Charter in 1825 and is Registered Charity 210161. The Society is the UK national learned and professional society for geology with a worldwide Fellowship (FGS) of over 10 000. The Society has the power to confer Chartered status on suitably qualified Fellows, and about 2000 of the Fellowship carry the title (CGeol). Chartered Geologists may also obtain the equivalent European title, European Geologist (EurGeol). One fifth of the Society’s fellowship resides outside the UK. To find out more about the Society, log on to www.geolsoc.org.uk. The Geological Society Publishing House (Bath, UK) produces the Society’s international journals and books, and acts as European distributor for selected publications of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), the Indonesian Petroleum Association (IPA), the Geological Society of America (GSA), the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) and the Geologists’ Association (GA). Joint marketing agreements ensure that GSL Fellows may purchase these societies’ publications at a discount. The Society’s online bookshop (accessible from www.geolsoc.org.uk) offers secure book purchasing with your credit or debit card. To find out about joining the Society and benefiting from substantial discounts on publications of GSL and other societies worldwide, consult www.geolsoc.org.uk, or contact the Fellowship Department at: The Geological Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BG: Tel. þ 44 (0)20 7434 9944; Fax þ 44 (0)20 7439 8975; E-mail: [email protected]. For information about the Society’s meetings, consult Events on www.geolsoc.org.uk. To find out more about the Society’s Corporate Affiliates Scheme, write to [email protected]. Published by The Geological Society from: The Geological Society Publishing House, Unit 7, Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Brassmill Lane, Bath BA1 3JN, UK (Orders: Tel. þ44 (0)1225 445046, Fax þ44 (0)1225 442836) Online bookshop: www.geolsoc.org.uk/bookshop The publishers make no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. # The Geological Society of London 2011. All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with the provisions of The Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS, UK. Users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA: the item-fee code for this publication is 0435-4052/11/$15.00. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-86239-334-9 Distributors For details of international agents and distributors see: www.geolsoc.org.uk/agentsdistributors Typeset by Techset Composition Ltd, Salisbury, UK Printed by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, UK Mexico Hut, 1978. Clockwise from the back left: Nick Cox (Motorboat Skipper and Engineer), Tim Druitt (Geologist), Robin (“Bruce”) Davies (Motorboat Skipper and Engineer), Brian Harland (Expedition Leader), James Carter (undergraduate field assistant), Mike Hambrey (Geologist) and Paul Waddams (PhD Student), Ny-A˚ lesund, Svalbard The editors dedicate this Memoir to Mike Hambrey and Brian Harland for their pioneering work in Neoproterozoic glacial geology and for their comprehensive 1981 volume Earth’s Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record, which inspired the present work. List of Reviewers Philip Allen Nick Eyles Imperial College London, UK University of Toronto at Scarborough, Canada Carlos Alvarenga Ian Fairchild University of Brasilia, Brazil University of Birmingham, UK Jose-Javier Alvaro Mikhail Fedonkin Centro de Astrobiologia, Madrid, Spain Paleontological Institute, Moscow, Russia John Arthurs Eric Font Holywood, County Down, Ireland University of Lisbon, Portugal Dov Avigad Hartwig Frimmel The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel University of Wu¨rzburg, Germany Marly Babinsky Claudio Gaucher University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Universidad de la Repu´blica, Uruguay Heinrich Bahlburg Vic Gostin Westfa¨lische Wilhelms-Universita¨t, Muenster, Germany University of Adelaide, Australia Richard Bailey Dimitriy Grazhdankin Northeastern University, USA Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk, Dhiraj Banerjee Russia University of Delhi, India Mike Hambrey Angelo Miguel Stipp Basei Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Richard Hanson Julie Bartley Texas Christian University, USA State University of West Georgia Christoph Heubeck Nicholas Beukes Freie Universita¨t Berlin, Germany University of Johannesburgh, South Africa Andrew Hill Knut Bjorlykke Centro de Astrobiologia, Madrid, Spain University of Oslo, Norway Rick Hiscott Robert Blodgett Memorial University, Canada United States Geological Survey, USA Paul Hoffman Nick Butterfield Harvard University, USA/University of Victoria, Canada Cambridge, UK John Howe Clive Calver Scottish Marine Institute, UK Mineral Resources, Tasmania Ganqing Jiang Nikolay Chumakov University of Las Vegas, USA Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Peter Johnson Allan Collins Washington, DC, USA University of Adelaide, Australia Sandra Kamo Maurice Colpron University of Toronto, Canada Yukon Geological Survey, Canada A. F. Kamona Frank Corsetti University of Namibia, Namibia University of Southern California, USA Alan Jay Kaufman Lucieth Cruz Viera University of Maryland, USA University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Brian Kendall Bley Benjamin de Brito Neves Arizona State University, USA University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Andy Knoll Max Deynoux Harvard University, USA CNRS, Strasbourg, France Risto Kumpulainen Nicole Dobrzinsky Stockholm University, Sweden Panterra Geoconsultants B. V., The Netherlands Alexandre Kuzmichev Eugene Domack Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia Hamilton College, USA Anton Kuznetsov James Etienne Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Neftex, UK St. Petersburg, Russia David J. A. Evans Erwan Le Guerroue´ Durham University, UK Universite´ de Rennes, France x LIST OF REVIEWERS Zheng-Xiang Li Victor Ramos Curtin University of Technology, Australia University of Buenos Aires, Argentina John Lindsay Pete Reid Universities Space Research Association, USA Petratherm, Australia Paul Link Claudio Riccomini Idaho State University, USA University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Karen Lund United States Geological Survey, USA Hugh Rice University of Vienna, Austria Francis Macdonald Harvard University, USA Ruben Rieu Repsol YPF, Exploration and Production, Spain Adam Maloof Princeton University, USA Anthony Rocha-Campos University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Marcelo A. Martins Neto University of Ouro Preto, Brazil Julius Sovetov Andrey Maslov Institute of Oil and Gas Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ekaterinburg, Russia Russia Bill McClelland Anthony Spencer University of Idaho, USA Statoil, Norway Roy Miller Doug Sprinkel Windhoek, Namibia Utah Geological Survey, USA Aroldo Misi Robert Strachan Federal University of Bahia, Brazil University of Portsmouth, UK Malgorzata Moczydlowska-Vidal Nick Swanson-Hysell Uppsala University, Sweden Princeton University, USA Paul Myrow Colorado College, USA Eric Thover University of Western Australia Afonso Noguiera Universidade
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