DOCSLIB.ORG

Dispersion Épizoochore Des Graines Par Les Ongulés Sauvages Dans Des Paysages Changeants : Le Cerf Élaphe Comme Étude De Cas Ushma Shukla

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dispersion Épizoochore Des Graines Par Les Ongulés Sauvages Dans Des Paysages Changeants : Le Cerf Élaphe Comme Étude De Cas Ushma Shukla Dispersion épizoochore des graines par les ongulés sauvages dans des paysages changeants : le cerf élaphe comme étude de cas Ushma Shukla To cite this version: Ushma Shukla. Dispersion épizoochore des graines par les ongulés sauvages dans des paysages changeants : le cerf élaphe comme étude de cas. Sciences agricoles. Université d’Orléans, 2020. Français. NNT : 2020ORLE3060. tel-03166043 HAL Id: tel-03166043 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03166043 Submitted on 11 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ D’ORLÉANS ÉCOLE DOCTORALE Santé, Sciences Biologiques et Chimie du Vivant INRAE Val de Loire, UR Écosystèmes Forestiers THÈSE présentée par Ushma SHUKLA soutenue le : 24 Septembre 2020 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’Université d’Orléans Discipline/ Spécialité : Écologie Epizoochorous seed dispersal by wild ungulates in changing landscapes the red deer as a case study CO-DIRECTEURS BALTZINGER Christophe IDAE, HDR, INRAE Val de Loire, Université d’Orléans REINEKING Björn Directeur de recherche, INRAE LESSEM, Université Grenoble-Alpes RAPPORTEURS LOISON Anne Directeur de recherche, CNRS, LECA, Université Savoie Mont Blanc DUPOUEY Jean-Luc Directeur de recherche, INRAE, UMR Silva, Université de Lorraine JURY DUPOUEY Jean-Luc Directeur de recherche, INRAE, UMR Silva, Université de Lorraine (Président du jury) LOISON Anne Directeur de recherche, CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc BANKHEAD Stephanie Maître de conférences, Université d’Orléans RIOTTE-LAMBERT Louise Post-doctorante, Université de Glasgow PAYS-VOLARD Olivier Maître de conférences, HDR, Université d’Angers BALTZINGER Christophe IDAE, HDR, INRAE Val de Loire, Université d’Orléans REINEKING Björn Directeur de recherche, INRAE LESSEM, Université Grenoble-Alpes Epizoochorous seed dispersal by wild ungulates in changing landscapes : the red deer as a case study Summary Epizoochory is one mode of plant dispersal, where seeds are conveyed externally on animals. It mostly concerns forbs and graminoids, shrubs and trees relying more on endozoochory or abiotic vectors. Epizoochory is considered a strong biotic filter that shapes local plant assemblages from the regional pool of species. Abundant populations of large-bodied ungulates and their home range movements provide frequent ‘mobile links’ among habitat patches. For my thesis, I was interested in assessing the role of wild ungulates, especially red deer, in epizoochorous seed dispersal. I addressed 1) the role of ungulates in structuring local plant communities with respect to dispersal-related plant traits, 2) the effect of landscape composition on movement decisions made by individual red deer on subsequent seed dispersal kernels, and 3) the complementarity of ungulate-mediated dispersal modes and their overall influence on local plant communities. I used a combination of empirical field data and ecological modeling to address these questions. I found that zoochory presents a weak signal in structuring plant communities compared to other abiotic factors, but that dispersal-enabling traits were good predictors. I demonstrated the importance of accounting for home ranging behavior in range-resident ungulates in the seed dispersal kernel, which prevents from over-estimating dispersal distances. Moreover, I underlined how considering the total seed load dispersed by individual red deer is crucial and reveals the complementarity of dispersal modes in the total dispersal kernel. Finally, I highlighted the underrated role of ungulates in spreading invasives as a real threat to biodiversity. Keywords: seed dispersal kernel, functional traits, complementarity, changing landscapes, plants-ungulate interactions Dispersion épizoochore des graines par des ongulés sauvages dans des paysages changeants : le cerf élaphe comme étude de cas Résumé L'épizoochorie définit la dispersion des plantes véhiculées sur le corps des animaux. Elle concerne herbacées et graminées, arbres et arbustes étant dispersés par endozoochorie et vecteurs abiotiques. Filtre biotique sélectif, elle façonne les communautés végétales locales à partir du pool régional d'espèces. Les populations abondantes d’ongulés sauvages et leurs longs déplacements créent ainsi de fréquents "liens mobiles" entre patchs d'habitat. J’ai ainsi étudié le rôle de ces animaux, notamment du cerf élaphe, comme vecteurs de dispersion épizoochore dans la structuration des communautés végétales locales en tenant compte des traits des plantes favorisant la dispersion. Puis, j’ai évalué comment structure et composition du paysage affectaient les déplacements individuels du cerf, les distances de dispersion et le site de dépôt des graines. Finalement, j’ai comparé différents modes de dispersion à l’échelle du vecteur individuel. Pour répondre à ces questions, j'ai combiné données empiriques de terrain et approches de modélisation écologique. J'ai constaté que la zoochorie constitue un signal faible, par rapport aux facteurs abiotiques, dans la structuration des communautés végétales, mais les traits facilitant la dispersion sont de bons prédicteurs. J'ai montré l'importance de tenir compte du domaine vital individuel pour ne pas surestimer les distances de dispersion. En outre, j'ai démontré qu’il fallait considérer la charge totale en graines véhiculées car elle révèle la complémentarité des modes de dispersion. Pour finir, j'alerte sur le rôle sous-estimé des ongulés sauvages et domestiques dans la propagation des plantes exotiques, réelle menace pour la biodiversité Mots clés : dispersion des graines, traits fonctionnelles, complémentarité, paysages changeants, interactions plantes-ongulés INRAE Centre Val de Loire Domaine des Barres Nogent-sur-Vernisson 45290 France ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There is an old saying “It takes a village to raise a child”. So, I would like to thank the people who helped me raise this thesis baby :) Project COSTAUD and Irstea (now, INRAE) for funding this PhD and giving me the opportunity to follow my research interests freely. My supervisors, Christophe Baltzinger and Björn Reineking. Your unwavering patience and support helped me to sail through big, bumpy waves all the way to the finish line. My sincerest gratitude to both of you for mentoring me. I would like to thank the members of my academic committee- Audrey Muratet, Aurélie Coulon and Carsten Eichberg for lending a patient ear to my research ideas and for helping to smooth out the creases. I would like to thank all the members of the jury who agreed to evaluate and review the thesis. I would like to thank the department and staff at the Hunting and Forest office of Domaine National de Chambord for the permits to work there and support during field work. I would also like to thank my collaborators, Sonia Said and Marco Heurich as well as fellow PhD students Agathe Chassagneux and Maik Henrich. Thanks are due to Frédéric Archaux, Director of the Nogent centre, for the innumerable little ways in which he always helped me. My colleagues at INRAE-Nogent. Especially the highly commendable job that the general services team does. Sylvie Le Roux, Florance Van Den Boom and Jean-Pascal Barrau always helped with tricky paperwork. Richard Chevalier, for helping out with field and greenhouse work and teaching me what good data management and archiving looks like. Hai Linh Nguyen for all her hard-work during her internship. My team mates in FONA. Anders Mårell for all the sage advice and support. Mathilde Brodut and Adélie Chevalier for being the strong pillars on which our research endeavors depend and always rising to the occasion. Agnès Rocquencourt for being my go-to person for all kinds of mundane things. Jean-Pierre Hamard and Yves Boscardin, for their support. Nadège Bonnot and Laura Chevaux for their friendship and the endless rounds of coffee-break ;) Phillippe Guillemard and Hilaire Martin, colleagues-turned-friends who were there, at the drop of a hat, be it solving a technical problem with some software or just needing a coffee break or giving me life lessons. Fabien Laroche and Yoan Paillet for always fielding my silly questions for all things quantitative with immense patience. Yoan, also, for hosting my stay in Grenoble. Guilhem Parmain, for all the pampering :) Marie Baltzinger with whom I could strike up a conversation about nearly everything. Cécile Joyeau for always coming up with new plans to break away from the routine. Jordan Bello for all the laughs. Tiffani and Ugoline, the two bright rays of sunshine that can brighten up any dull day. I may not be able to find the right words to express myself, but I am grateful for your friendship. Friends in India and in the world at large, who don’t let geography get in the way of our friendship. Shraddha, Harsha, Apeksha, Darshan, Mrunal, Akanksha, Geetha, Karpa, Rajat, Ipsita, Dharma, Rutuja, Amit, Neelamda, Rohit, Divya, Chethi, Rafael and Camille. Thank you for the care, concern and all the good times. To AK and NMN, the two teachers who are always there to guide my path. My parents who always encouraged me to follow wherever
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mediterranean Forests Are Extraordinarily Beautiful, a Fascinating an Extraordinary Patrimony of Wealth Whose Conservation Can Be Highly Controversy
    THE editerraneanFORESTS mA NEW CONSERVATION STRATEGY 1 3 2 4 5 6 the unveiled a meeting point the mediterranean: amazing plant an unknown millennia forests on the global 200 the terrestrial current a brand new the state of WWF a new approach wealth of the of nature a sea of forests diversity animal world of human the wane in the sub-ecoregions mediterranean tool: the gap mediterranean in action for forest mediterranean and civilisations interaction with mediterranean in the forest cover analysis forests protection forests forests mediterranean 23 46 81012141617 18 19 22 24 7 1 Argania spinosa fruits, Essaouira, Morocco. Credit: WWF/P. Regato 2 Reed-parasol maker, Tunisia. Credit: WWF-Canon/M. Gunther 3 Black-shouldered Kite. Credit: Francisco Márquez 4 Endemic mountain Aquilegia, Corsica. Credit: WWF/P. Regato 5 Sacred ibis. Credit: Alessandro Re 6 Joiner, Kure Mountains, Turkey. Credit: WWF/P. Regato 7 Barbary ape, Morocco. Credit: A. & J. Visage/Panda Photo It is like no other region on Earth. Exotic, diverse, roamed by mythical WWF Mediterranean Programme Office launched its campaign in 1999 creatures, deeply shaped by thousands of years of human intervention, the to protect 10 outstanding forest sites among the 300 identified through cradle of civilisations. a comprehensive study all over the region. When we talk about the Mediterranean region, you could be forgiven for The campaign has produced encouraging results in countries such as Spain, thinking of azure seas and golden beaches, sun and sand, a holidaymaker’s Turkey, Croatia and Lebanon. NATURE AND CULTURE, of forest environments in the region. But in recent times, the balance AN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP Long periods of considerable forest between nature and humankind has paradise.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Cognition on Seed Dispersal
    Fall 08 Animal Cognition Meets Ecosystem Ecology: the Impact of Cognition on Seed Dispersal Francesca Soldati Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Animal Cognition Meets Ecosystem Ecology: the Impact of Cognition on Seed Dispersal Francesca Soldati A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Lincoln for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy This research programme was carried out in collaboration with the School of Life Sciences August 2015 Abstract Seed dispersal by endozoochory is important for the maintenance of plant populations and biodiversity. As a result, understanding the impact that frugivores’ activities have on seed dispersal is essential in order to better understand plant population dynamics. One factor that is known to affect an animal’s behaviour, yet has received little attention in this context, is animal cognition i.e. whether the information animals learn and remember affects where they access fruit and deposit seeds. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to address how animal learning and memory affects the seed dispersal process, using two key approaches – experimental tests of frugivore cognition, and a model paramaterised to examine the consequences of different cognitive abilities on seed dispersal. Three questions were investigated: (1) The “where?” - whether the ability of frugivores to relocate previously visited food sources impacts upon their movements and, as a consequence, on plants’ seed shadows. The spatial learning and memory of red-footed tortoises was tested using an egocentric task. Tortoises were able to navigate efficiently in the environment, and remembered the spatial location of food for at least two months. A seed dispersal model designed to test whether frugivores with different spatial memory skills differently affect plants’ seed shadow, suggested that animals with long spatial memory relocate more efficiently food sources than animals’ with shorter memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Rewilding Watersheds: Using Nature's Algorithms to Fix Our Broken Rivers
    Marine and Freshwater Research © CSIRO 2021 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF20335_AC Supplementary material Rewilding watersheds: using nature’s algorithms to fix our broken rivers Natalie K. RideoutA,G,1, Bernhard WegscheiderB,1, Matilda KattilakoskiA, Katie M. McGeeC,D, Wendy A. MonkE, and Donald J. BairdF ACanadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 10 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada. BCanadian Rivers Institute, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 2 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada. CEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada. DCentre for Biodiversity Genomics and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. EEnvironment and Climate Change Canada @ Canadian Rivers Institute, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 2 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada. FEnvironment and Climate Change Canada @ Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 10 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada. GCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] 1These authors contributed equally to the work. Page 1 of 49 Table S1. References linking ecosystem functions with rewilding goals, providing supporting evidence for Fig. 1 Restore natural flow Mitigate climate Restore riparian Re-introduce Improve water quality Reduce habitat and sediment regime warming vegetation extirpated species fragmentation 1 Metabolism Aristi et al. 2014 Song et al. 2008 Wassenaar et al. 2010 Huang et al. 2018 Jankowski and Schindler 2019 2 Decomposition Delong 2010 Perry et al. 2011 Delong 2010 Wenisch et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Favourableness and Connectivity of a Western Iberian Landscape for the Reintroduction of the Iconic Iberian Ibex Capra Pyrenaica
    Favourableness and connectivity of a Western Iberian landscape for the reintroduction of the iconic Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica R ITA T. TORRES,JOÃO C ARVALHO,EMMANUEL S ERRANO,WOUTER H ELMER P ELAYO A CEVEDO and C ARLOS F ONSECA Abstract Traditional land use practices declined through- Keywords Capra pyrenaica, environmental favourableness, out many of Europe’s rural landscapes during the th cen- graph theory, habitat connectivity, Iberian ibex, reintroduc- tury. Rewilding (i.e. restoring ecosystem functioning with tion, ungulate minimal human intervention) is being pursued in many areas, and restocking or reintroduction of key species is often part of the rewilding strategy. Such programmes re- Introduction quire ecological information about the target areas but this is not always available. Using the example of the an has shaped landscapes for centuries (Vos & Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica within the Rewilding Europe Meekes, ). In the last decades socio-economic M framework we address the following questions: ( ) Are and lifestyle changes have driven a rural exodus and the there areas in Western Iberia that are environmentally fa- abandonment of land throughout many of Europe’s rural vourable for reintroduction of the species? ( ) If so, are landscapes (MacDonald et al., ; Höchtl et al., ). these areas well connected with each other? ( ) Which of In some cases sociocultural and economic problems have these areas favour the establishment and expansion of a vi- created new opportunities for conservation (Theil et al., ). able population
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Trophy Hunting of Iberian Ibex Por Una Caza Sostenible Del Trofeo De Macho Montés
    Forum Galemys, 30: 1-4, 2018 ISSN 1137-8700 e-ISSN 2254-8408 DOI: 10.7325/Galemys.2018.F1 Sustainable trophy hunting of Iberian ibex Por una caza sostenible del trofeo de macho montés João Carvalho1,2*, Paulino Fandos3, Marco Festa-Bianchet4, Ulf Büntgen5,6,7, Carlos Fonseca1 & Emmanuel Serrano2* 1. Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. 2. Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. 3. Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain. 4. Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada. 5. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 6. Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. 7. Global Change Research Centre and Masaryk University, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. *Corresponding authors: [email protected] (JC), [email protected] (ES) Keywords: Capra pyrenaica, horns, mountain ungulates, size-selective harvesting. Selective hunting practices, such as trophy apparently led to an evolutionary decline in horn hunting, remove individuals with specific size (Pigeon et al. 2017). In contrast, we know very phenotypes (Kuparinen & Festa-Bianchet 2017). little about the possible effects of selective harvesting For mountain ungulates, trophy hunting involves on the iconic Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica, Fig. 1), the selective harvest of males with large horns. which is experiencing increased pressure not only Trophy hunters usually pay a substantial fee, which from trophy hunting (Pérez et al. 2011), but also in some cases is proportional to the ‘trophy score’ from changes in both climate and land-use practices of the animal they harvest.
    [Show full text]
  • Capra Pyrenaica
    Colom-Cadena et al. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2014, 56:83 http://www.actavetscand.com/content/56/1/83 RESEARCH Open Access Management of a caseous lymphadenitis outbreak in a new Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) stock reservoir Andreu Colom-Cadena1, Roser Velarde1, Jes?s Salinas 2, Carmen Borge3, Ignacio Garc?a-Bocanegra 3, Emmanuel Serrano1,4, Diana Gass? 1, Ester Bach1, Encarna Casas-D?az 1, Jorge R L?pez-Olvera 1, Santiago Lav?n 1, Lu?s Le?n-Vizca?no 2 and Gregorio Mentaberre1* Abstract Background: In 2010, an Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) stock reservoir was established for conservation purposes in north-eastern Spain. Eighteen ibexes were captured in the wild and housed in a 17 hectare enclosure. Once in captivity, a caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) outbreak occurred and ibex handlings were carried out at six-month intervals between 2010 and 2013 to perform health examinations and sampling. Treatment with a bacterin-based autovaccine and penicillin G benzatine was added during the third and subsequent handlings, when infection by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was confirmed. Changes in lesion score, serum anti-C. pseudotuberculosis antibodies and haematological parameters were analyzed to assess captivity effects, disease emergence and treatment efficacy. Serum acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), Amyloid A (SAA) and Acid Soluble Glycoprotein (ASG) concentrations were also determined to evaluate their usefulnessasindicatorsofclinical status. Once in captivity, 12 out of 14 ibexes (85.7%) seroconverted, preceding the emergence of clinical signs; moreover, TP, WBC, eosinophil and platelet cell counts increased while monocyte and basophil cell counts decreased. After treatment, casualties and fistulas disappeared and both packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration significantly increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoologische Mededelingen Uitgegeven Door Het
    ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET RIJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN (MINISTERIE VAN CULTUUR, RECREATIE EN MAATSCHAPPELIJK WERK) Deel 45 no. 7 15 Februari 1971 ON THE IDENTITY OF CERVUS NIGRICANS BROOKE, 1877, WITH REMARKS UPON OTHER DEER FROM THE PHILIPPINES by L. J. DOBRORUKA Zoological Garden, Prague With 2 text-figures and 3 plates A great number of papers deal with the deer of the Philippine Islands but in spite of this fact the taxonomy and the nomenclature are still not clear. The first author who recapitulated all known facts about the Philippine deer was Brooke (1877), who also described a new species, Cervus nigricans. The description is exact, with figures of the habitus and the skull of the indicated holotype (♀), and in my opinion Haltenorth (1963) had no reason to con- sider C. nigricans a nomen nudum. The validity of the name Cervus nigricans is in full agreement with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, adopted by the XVth International Congress of Zoology. Cervus nigricans is rather rare in the collections of museums and, there- fore, I am much obliged to Dr. A. M. Husson for allowing me to examine the material of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden. The material of this museum was mentioned already in Brooke's paper (1877:59) and is therefore most valuable for a study of this species, apart from the type material, of course. At the present time the following material of this species is available in the Leiden Museum: No. 19605 ♂ — mounted specimen and skull from Manila, Philippines. Presented by M.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Flying Mammals of Mindanao Island, Philippines WEB VERSION 1 Lawrence R
    Non-Flying Mammals of Mindanao Island, Philippines WEB VERSION 1 Lawrence R. Heaney, Nina R. Ingle, Jodi L. Sedlock, Blas R. Tabaranza Jr., Zoology Dept., The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA Illustrations by J.L. Sedlock. Photos by: L.R. Heaney, N.R. Ingle, P.D. Heideman, M. Dagosto. Produced by: R.B. Foster, N.R. Ingle, M.R. Metz, with support from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Brown Fund of The Field Museum.© L. Heaney, N. Ingle, J. Sedlock, B. Tabaranza Jr.; Environ. & Conservation Programs, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. [[email protected]] Rapid Color Guide #50 version 1.1 Macaca fascicularis Tarsius syrichta Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Viverra tangalunga CERCOPITHECIDAE TARSIIDAE VIVERRIDAE VIVERRIDAE Cynocephalus volans Urogale everetti Crocidura beatus Suncus murinus CYNOCEPHALIDAE TUPAIIDAE SORICIDAE SORICIDAE Podogymnura truei Batomys salomonseni Bullimus bagobus Crunomys suncoides ERICINACEIDAE MURIDAE MURIDAE MURIDAE Limnomys sibuanus Rattus everetti Rattus tanezumi Tarsomys apoensis MURIDAE MURIDAE MURIDAE MURIDAE Apomys insignis Rattus exulans Tarsomys apoensis, Tarsomys sp., Apomys hylocoetes Exilisciurus concinnus (Top) MURIDAE (Bottom) (Left to Right) MURIDAE (Top to Bottom) SCIURDAE These photos show most genera of non-flying mammals known from Mindanao. Not pictured here but easily identified are the Philippine Wild Pig (Sus philippensis, Suidae) and the Philippine Deer (Cervus mariannus, Cervidae). Rats and mice of the family Muridae are represented by 15 species, some very hard to tell apart. Many characters should be examined, such as body measurements and the structure of the feet, including the shape and size of pads and the fur on them; fur texture and color; and the number and location of nipples (on females).
    [Show full text]
  • Chewing and Sucking Lice As Parasites of Iviammals and Birds
    c.^,y ^r-^ 1 Ag84te DA Chewing and Sucking United States Lice as Parasites of Department of Agriculture IVIammals and Birds Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1849 July 1997 0 jc: United States Department of Agriculture Chewing and Sucking Agricultural Research Service Lice as Parasites of Technical Bulletin Number IVIammals and Birds 1849 July 1997 Manning A. Price and O.H. Graham U3DA, National Agrioultur«! Libmry NAL BIdg 10301 Baltimore Blvd Beltsvjlle, MD 20705-2351 Price (deceased) was professor of entomoiogy, Department of Ento- moiogy, Texas A&iVI University, College Station. Graham (retired) was research leader, USDA-ARS Screwworm Research Laboratory, Tuxtia Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. ABSTRACT Price, Manning A., and O.H. Graham. 1996. Chewing This publication reports research involving pesticides. It and Sucking Lice as Parasites of Mammals and Birds. does not recommend their use or imply that the uses U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesti- 1849, 309 pp. cides must be registered by appropriate state or Federal agencies or both before they can be recommended. In all stages of their development, about 2,500 species of chewing lice are parasites of mammals or birds. While supplies last, single copies of this publication More than 500 species of blood-sucking lice attack may be obtained at no cost from Dr. O.H. Graham, only mammals. This publication emphasizes the most USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572. Copies frequently seen genera and species of these lice, of this publication may be purchased from the National including geographic distribution, life history, habitats, Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, ecology, host-parasite relationships, and economic Springfield, VA 22161.
    [Show full text]
  • The Philippine Spotted Deer and the Visayan Warty Pig Roger Cox
    The Philippine spotted deer and the Visayan warty pig Roger Cox The author conducted a survey in 1985 that revealed dismal prospects for two endangered Philippine mammals. Habitat destruction and hunting pressure have caused local extinction of the spotted deer and the warty pig in the Visayan Islands, and the remaining populations are not expected to survive very much longer if current practices continue. The country's Bureau of Forest Development wants to establish a sanctuary for the deer and has started a captive breeding project, but the depressed state of the economy and political unrest make their work extremely difficult. Between 21 July and 16 September 1985 a field The Visayan Islands survey was carried out under the auspices of the The Visayas are the central island group of the IUCN/SSC's Pigs and Peccaries Specialist Group Philippines (Figure 1). They are bordered on the and the Munich-based Zoologische Gesellschaft south by Mindanao, on the west by Palawan, and fur Arten und Populationsschutz (Zoological on the north by Luzon and Mindoro. The main Society for the Conservation of Species and islands in the group are Panay, Negros, Cebu, Populations) to determine the current distribution Bohol, Leyte and Samar. High relief is typical and conservation status of two endangered throughout the larger islands and all have rugged Philippine mammals—the Prince Alfred's rusa or interior uplands rising to 750-1000 m. The Philippine spotted deer Cervus alfredi and the coastal plains are seldom as much as 16 km wide, Visayan warty pig Sits barbatus cebifrons. [The and drainage is generally by short, violent streams taxonomic status of the wild pigs and the deer of of immature development.
    [Show full text]
  • Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus Patagonus As Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert
    diversity Article Burrowing Parrots Cyanoliseus patagonus as Long-Distance Seed Dispersers of Keystone Algarrobos, Genus Prosopis, in the Monte Desert Guillermo Blanco 1,* , Pedro Romero-Vidal 2, Martina Carrete 2 , Daniel Chamorro 3 , Carolina Bravo 4, Fernando Hiraldo 5 and José L. Tella 5 1 Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain 2 Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] (P.R.-V.); [email protected] (M.C.) 3 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; [email protected] 4 Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and La Rochelle Université, F-79360 Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France; [email protected] 5 Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] (F.H.); [email protected] (J.L.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning requires detailed knowledge about plant–animal interactions, especially when keystone species are involved. The recent consideration of parrots as legitimate seed dispersers has widened the range of mechanisms influencing the life cycle of many plant species. We examined the interactions between the burrowing parrot Cyanoliseus Citation: Blanco, G.; Romero-Vidal, patagonus and two dominant algarrobo trees (Prosopis alba and Prosopis nigra) in the Monte Desert, P.; Carrete, M.; Chamorro, D.; Bravo, Argentina. We recorded the abundance and foraging behaviour of parrots; quantified the handling, C.; Hiraldo, F.; Tella, J.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species (Import and Export) Act (Chapter 92A)
    1 S 23/2005 First published in the Government Gazette, Electronic Edition, on 11th January 2005 at 5:00 pm. NO.S 23 ENDANGERED SPECIES (IMPORT AND EXPORT) ACT (CHAPTER 92A) ENDANGERED SPECIES (IMPORT AND EXPORT) ACT (AMENDMENT OF FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD SCHEDULES) NOTIFICATION 2005 In exercise of the powers conferred by section 23 of the Endangered Species (Import and Export) Act, the Minister for National Development hereby makes the following Notification: Citation and commencement 1. This Notification may be cited as the Endangered Species (Import and Export) Act (Amendment of First, Second and Third Schedules) Notification 2005 and shall come into operation on 12th January 2005. Deletion and substitution of First, Second and Third Schedules 2. The First, Second and Third Schedules to the Endangered Species (Import and Export) Act are deleted and the following Schedules substituted therefor: ‘‘FIRST SCHEDULE S 23/2005 Section 2 (1) SCHEDULED ANIMALS PART I SPECIES LISTED IN APPENDIX I AND II OF CITES In this Schedule, species of an order, family, sub-family or genus means all the species of that order, family, sub-family or genus. First column Second column Third column Common name for information only CHORDATA MAMMALIA MONOTREMATA 2 Tachyglossidae Zaglossus spp. New Guinea Long-nosed Spiny Anteaters DASYUROMORPHIA Dasyuridae Sminthopsis longicaudata Long-tailed Dunnart or Long-tailed Sminthopsis Sminthopsis psammophila Sandhill Dunnart or Sandhill Sminthopsis Thylacinidae Thylacinus cynocephalus Thylacine or Tasmanian Wolf PERAMELEMORPHIA
    [Show full text]