USAID PROTECT WILDLIFE

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT Year 4: July 2019 - June 2020

August 2020

This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI Global, LLC.

Activity Title: Protect Wildlife Activity Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Philippines Contract Number: AID-OAA-I-14-00014/AID-492-TO-16-00002 Contractor: DAI Global, LLC Date of Publication: August 2020 Author: DAI Global, LLC

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

COVER STORY 3

MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING 11

ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT 42

MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 136

PAST AND PROJECTED EXPENDITURES 145

ANNEXES 146

ABBREVIATIONS

BARMM-MENRE Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao-Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Energy BCC behavior change communication BIOFIN Biodiversity Finance Initiative BRAIN Biodiversity Resources Access Information Network BSAP Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan CAVCS Carbon Accounting, Verification and Certification System

CAPTURED concealable, available, processable, transferrable, useable, removable, enjoyable, and desirable CHED Commission on Higher Education CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Office CLAFI Conrado and Ladislawa Alcantara Foundation Incorporated CLUP comprehensive land use plan CLWUP comprehensive land and water use plan CSO civil society organization CWT combating wildlife trafficking DA-BFAR Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENR-BMB DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau DENR-EPEB DENR Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau DENR-EPETF DENR-Environmental Protection and Enforcement Task Force DENR-FMB DENR Forest Management Bureau EG Economic Growth ELP Environmental Law and Protection ENIPAS Expanded National Integrated Protected Areas System FFV foreign fishing vessels FLUP forest land use plan FSSI Foundation for a Sustainable Society, Inc. GenSan General Santos City IDEAS Institute for the Development of Educational and Ecological Alternatives IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

KAP knowledge, attitudes and practices LGU local government unit LOP life of project LTTA long-term technical assistance

National Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee-Sub-Committee on NALECC-SCENR Environment and Natural Resources NGP National Greening Program NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NWRRC National Wildlife Rescue and Research Center PAMB Protected Area Management Board PAMO Protected Area Management Office PASu protected area supervisor PBSAP Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan PCSD Palawan Council for Sustainable Development PCSDS Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff PEF Philippine Eagle Foundation PES payment for ecosystem services Philbio Philippines Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, Inc. PhilFIDA Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority PhilMech Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization PO-OERA People’s Organizational and Enterprise Readiness Assessment PSCCJP Philippine Society of Criminologists and Criminal Justice Professionals

RESPONSE Rapid Enforcement Support Planning Operation Network System Enhancement SA Strategic Approach STTA short-term technical assistance USAID United States Agency for International Development

USDA PhilCAFE United States Department of Agriculture - Philippine Coffee Advancement and Farm Enterprise USG United States Government WEO wildlife enforcement officer W-GDP Women’s Global Development Initiative ZCWD Zamboanga City Water District

INTRODUCTION

The Protect Wildlife activity supports initiatives to align conservation policy with on-the-ground wildlife management actions and enforcement. The activity works in target landscapes to reduce threats to biodiversity, reduce poaching and use of illegally harvested wildlife and wildlife products, and improve ecosystem goods and services for human well-being.

Protect Wildlife fits within the USAID Biodiversity Policy (USAID 2014) that “builds upon the Agency’s long history of conserving a global biological heritage for current and future generations and reflects a deep understanding of the role that healthy natural systems play in achieving the Agency’s human- development goals.” The activity is the first USAID/Philippines initiative to combat wildlife trafficking and directly implement the U.S. Government’s Eliminate, Neutralize and Disrupt Wildlife Trafficking Act of 2016. Protect Wildlife supports the Philippines’ current policies and programs on biodiversity conservation and reduction of wildlife trafficking under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act and the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act.

Protect Wildlife’s principal counterpart is the DENR-Biodiversity Management Bureau (DENR-BMB) in coordination with the DENR-Forest Management Bureau (DENR-FMB), Department of Agriculture- Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR), the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), and various national level law enforcement agencies. At the local level, Protect Wildlife works directly with DENR Regional Offices; Provincial and Community Environment and Natural Resources Offices (PENROs and CENROs); and provincial, city and municipal local government units (LGUs), as well as local offices of DA-BFAR and NCIP. In Palawan, the activity coordinates with the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff (PCSDS). At various levels, the activity works with non- government and civil society organizations (NGOs and CSOs); colleges and universities; and land and resource managers, such as ancestral domain and tenure holders and fisherfolk and coastal community organizations.

ACTIVITY OVERVIEW

As a megadiverse country, the Philippines claims to be the “center of the center” of nearshore marine diversity, including corals and reef fishes. It is home to approximately 1,100 terrestrial vertebrates and five percent of the world’s flora, a significant proportion of which is endemic. However, much of these biodiversity assets continue to face risks and pressures from both natural and human interventions, such as land conversion for agriculture and settlements; illegal, unregulated and unreported harvesting; and destructive mining and quarrying. The value of biodiversity and the ecosystem goods and services they provide are not effectively communicated to local stakeholders. Capacities are limited with unrealized economic incentives and inadequate financial support to manage wildlife habitats and regulate uses in highly diverse areas.

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TARGET SITES

Protect Wildlife strives to target wildlife trafficking hotspots and work with local stakeholders with initiatives to improve local capacities; incentivize communities and LGUs; leverage financing support; and deepen knowledge, attitudes and behaviors for the effective management, regulation and enforcement of wildlife habitats and wildlife trafficking transshipment points such as ports. The activity works across geographies in the Philippines to address wildlife trafficking transshipment, but implements a more comprehensive ecosystem-based approach in biologically significant areas presented below:

• Palawan: From the activity’s Puerto Princesa City office, Protect Wildlife implements technical activities in threatened terrestrial, marine and coastal areas; wildlife habitats in forest lands and protected areas, such as the Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary, Ursula Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary, Cleopatra’s Needle Critical Habitat, El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area, and Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. • Zamboanga City-Sulu Archipelago: From offices in Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi, Protect Wildlife implements activities in forest lands, including foreshore and mangrove areas; and protected areas, such as Pasonanca Natural Park and Great and Little Santa Cruz Islands Protected Landscape and Seascape. • General Santos City (GenSan), Sarangani and South Cotabato in Region 12: From its office in General Santos City, Protect Wildlife implements activities in forest lands and protected areas, such as Mount Matutum Protected Landscape, Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape and Allah Valley Protected Landscape. Mount Busa Key Biodiversity Area in Sarangani and South Cotabato is also one of the target sites in Region 12. • Region 3 or Central Luzon, with selected sites in Aurora, Nueva Ecija and Bataan: From its office in Palayan City, Protect Wildlife implements activities in Aurora Memorial National Park, Mount Mingan mountain range and the Bataan side of Manila Bay.

The Manila office maintains the national advisors and specialists who lead the development of the activity and Strategic Approach (SA) work plans; provide technical support to field activities; and work with national-level agencies, Manila-based private and non-government organizations, and relevant donor- funded projects.

2 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 COVER STORY

Applying for various permits at Palawan Council for Sustainable Development is now faster and easier through the BRAIN System’s online permitting feature. This digital innovation not only expedites and streamlines government processing and approval, but also promotes transparency and contributes to efficient regulation of wildlife- and environment-related permits.

DIGITAL INNOVATIONS HELP BOOST WILDLIFE PROTECTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

The illegal trade of wildlife species and by-products has evolved through the decades, with criminal networks using sophisticated techniques to evade detection. In parallel, law enforcement is adopting innovations to collect, process and apply data to help in monitoring, reporting and preventing environmental crimes. Across countries, USAID has been at the forefront of promoting technology- based solutions that help partners in government and enforcement win the innovation race against wildlife criminals and succeed in protecting the environment.

In the Philippines, USAID, through its Protect Wildlife activity, is working with government partners in the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and Palawan Council for Sustainable

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BRAIN was designed as a digital solution to coordination and management challenges that have limited Palawan officials’ capacity to enforce wildlife and environmental laws across jurisdictions. It has three main stakeholders—the general public, enforcement officials, and the regulated community such as permit- holders—with a user-centered module created for each.

Development Staff (PCSDS) to develop digital innovations that create more efficient processes and facilitate more responsive actions in enforcing wildlife and environmental laws.

IMPROVING WILDLIFE REGULATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

With UNESCO heritage sites and several protected areas that harbor a wide array of endemic wildlife, the archipelagic province of Palawan has the potential to showcase the balance between sustainable development and environmental protection. Despite this, Palawan is also one of the Philippines’ trafficking hotspots, where threatened animals like pangolins, birds and turtles are commonly poached and traded illegally.

PCSDS was created to ensure that the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act is properly implemented, and to promote efficient coordination of multi-sectoral plans and programs for wildlife and environmental law enforcement. Their efforts have been hampered, however, due to a fragmented, jurisdictional approach to enforcement and ineffective data management. To help ease these challenges, Protect Wildlife worked with PCSDS to develop the Biodiversity Resources Access Information Network (BRAIN) System.

BRAIN was designed to address the underlying coordination and management issues that have limited Palawan officials’ capacity to enforce wildlife and environmental laws across jurisdictions, and through its actions, to serve as a deterrent to would-be criminals. Adopting the framework for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Law Enforcement Management Information System, Protect Wildlife helped PCSDS operationalize the system for implementation in Palawan. The BRAIN system has three main stakeholders—enforcement officials, the regulated community such as permit-holders, and the general public—with a user-centered module created for each.

4 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 1. Rapid Enforcement Support, Planning, Operation, and Network System Enhancement (RESPONSE) module: This is the hub for Wildlife Enforcement Officers (WEO), Wildlife Trafficking Monitoring Officers (WTMO), and members of Palawan Environmental Enforcement Network (PALAWEEN) to coordinate, plan, and execute enforcement actions; and to monitor permits, develop and file administrative complaints. 2. Online Permitting System: Designed for permit- holders, this system provides for online submission of permits, replacing a document-driven process. It is intended to expedite and streamline permit processing and approval, promote transparency, and achieve the government’s no-contact, transparency policy. 3. Public reporting platform: This module is used

by the general public to report on incidents of wildlife and environmental crime. These reports will be received by PCSD, which acts as the secretariat for recording, validation, and/or transmittal to Inter- Agency Response Teams.

PCSDS Deploys Data-Driven RESPONSE to Curtail Wildlife Crime

As country’s main hotspot for wildlife poaching, Palawan also falls along a major transshipment route, with large numbers of wildlife smuggled by fishing vessels and private planes across, and through the Philippines to destination countries. The Rapid Enforcement Support, Planning, Operation, Network System Enhancement (RESPONSE) System aims to stop this. As the hub for efficient coordination among wildlife enforcement officers, wildlife trafficking monitoring officers, and members of the Palawan Environmental Enforcement Network (PALAWEEN), RESPONSE is used to coordinate, plan and execute enforcement actions. The system also RESPONSE has mapping tools and promotes data security—an essential feature given the features to help PCSDS enforcers and preponderance of cybercrime tools being deployed by their fellow enforcement colleagues in wildlife crime networks—using encryption for safekeeping of Palawan in planning and tracking electronic permits and limiting access to authorized operational movements and coordinating over a secure network. inspectors.

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RESPONSE also helps field enforcers in planning and tracking their operational movements; coordinating with other users; and documenting, storing and transmitting enforcement and regulatory information to partners. Field enforcers use the tool to conduct geospatial analysis of crime incidence, share data across departments, and plot enforcement routes that pinpoint locations of targets and entry and exit points.

Maps can also be loaded into a mobile device for use during field operations, and to facilitate real-time data exchange between enforcement units. This feature goes beyond helping to protect wildlife. It provides an extra layer of security for enforcement officials, who are tragically targeted by wildlife criminals. The system can be used by law enforcers across agencies as a hub to communicate with one another and to request emergency assistance during interdictions, when they are most vulnerable. RESPONSE’s mobile application can also be used to record movement along enforcement routes, to record crime scene photos or to file reports and legal forms. All photos and documents created in connection with an enforcement response will form part of a tracking file, which can be attached to affidavits for case buildup. These files automatically upload to a database once the device is connected to the internet.

The ability of the RESPONSE app to let its users share geographic information through a secured network is critical to the success of enforcement operations, especially in Palawan where there are several types of overlapping zones. Determining the accurate location of environmental crimes spells a huge difference in the types and number of cases that can be filed against violators. The app also aids in quickly sharing information to the nearest member-agency of PALAWEEN so it can take immediate enforcement action.

Achieving Efficiency and Compliance Gains through Online Permitting and Case Management Module

BRAIN’s Online Permitting System allows clients to submit various PCSDS permits—such as the wildlife collector’s permit, wildlife special use permit, and local transport permit—and track their applications online. With this module, transaction time is cut significantly. The three-day processing of single-use permits has been reduced to less than six hours, while processing time for multi-year permits has been reduced from seven to two days. It has also come at a right time when agencies like PCSDS have to resort to online contactless transactions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Clients are generally satisfied with this system, describing the service as “excellent,” “very efficient,” and “fast” in their online feedback.

The system promotes transparency and accountability, and eliminates face-to-face transactions, which means less opportunities for graft and corruption. Through the module, actions of staff become visible to everybody within their cluster in real time. Permit applicants can check on the status of their applications or make inquiries online; and staff became virtually agile as they can freely “move” from one office to another as they process documents.

This module also features a Case Management and Electronic Administrative Case Filing System. This practical innovation pools wildlife and environmental crime data from various user groups and

6 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 BRAIN’s online permitting system became the only means for PCSDS personnel to accept various permit applications during the COVID-19 quarantine and continue providing their services. In May 2020 alone, they were able to issue 60 permits despite restrictions on movement in Palawan.

jurisdictions into a central database, and then organizes and redeploys that data through the BRAIN’s user-centered modules. The module helps promote an efficient and timely process in accomplishing the legal work required after every enforcement operation. “Some of the legal services of the agency used to require officers to personally go to the office to prepare legal documents. But they are on the field most of the time, so the legal staff had to wait for them during office hours, and the legal work sometimes were deferred,” said Niño Estoya, operations director and head of the Environmentally Critical Areas Network Regulation and Enforcement Division of PCSDS.

With this module, filing administrative complaints and tracking their progress are done digitally. It also offers centralized data sources and improved information sharing and data preservation. This helps solve the problem of improper evidence handling and documentation, which leads to dismissal of cases against perpetrators.

Sumbong: Public Reporting Module Engages Citizenry in Battle Against Wildlife Crime

Rounding out the BRAIN System, its Sumbong feature applies crowd-sourcing principles as a mechanism for citizens to anonymously report on illegal activities, as well as grievances on the performance of PCSDS staff and its partners. Sumbong, which means complaint in Filipino, is one way to diversify sources of information and enforcement leads and complement traditional intelligence gathering techniques. Citizens can use the web-based Sumbong feature to record reports and upload photos that will be used to confirm cases and to make decisions in rescues and operations.

With regular support and mentoring from Protect Wildlife throughout the development and rollout of BRAIN’s three modules, PCSDS officials and staff were able to overcome apprehension to change and embrace this innovation. These digital improvements not only enriched their competence at work but also boosted their confidence as they become more responsive to digital shifts in government processes and enforcement activities.

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The WildALERT app functions as both a wildlife identification tool and a reporting tool to help DENR frontliners, enforcement agencies and other users respond and report information immediately about potential wildlife and environmental crimes.

FASTER WILDLIFE CRIME INCIDENT REPORTING

Facing a nimble enemy that deploys the latest technology to abet their crimes, DENR frontliners have been hampered in their mission to address the illegal wildlife trade by their reliance on pen and paper, rather than the 21st century tools that are needed for real-time wildlife crime reporting. Protect Wildlife, DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau (DENR-BMB), and their enforcement partners collaborated to put develop the Wildlife Agency and Citizen Law Enforcement Reporting Tool (WildALERT) to address these problems.

Information technology experts led a design thinking workshop to flesh out ideas and inputs from DENR and its enforcement partners that will feed into the development process for a new mobile reporting tool. Subsequent workshops and consultations with partners helped fine-tune what became WildALERT. The whole system, which comes with a mobile app and a web interface platform, was beta-tested last February 2020 in Palawan and Metro Manila.

As a wildlife identification tool, WildALERT is an accessible offline digital reference for DENR personnel and law enforcers to help them correctly identify various wildlife species. DENR identified the 480 most commonly-trafficked endemic and exotic faunal species to incorporate into the application. Species are easily searchable using WildALERT’s filtering feature that narrows down selections using descriptive categories, such as animal group, size, color, body cover, and additional features. WildALERT can aid enforcers in quickly identifying species, which is crucial in reporting wildlife crime.

“If we had this technology back then, identification would have been easier and coordination with partner law enforcement agencies would have been faster,” said Michael Lopez of the DENR Enforcement Division in Central Luzon, mentioning an instance when a local enforcer failed to answer questions from the media when he was unable to identify wildlife species that were smuggled in Clark International Airport in 2016.

8 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 With its reporting feature, WildALERT also makes it easier for enforcers to report wildlife crimes in real time. Users can take photos, record key information and submit these to the WildALERT report management platform. The app allows users to save a report offline, update it to provide more reliable information, and then upload it once online. Reports are then accessed and managed by DENR field units and DENR-BMB for appropriate action. App users can also access a directory of DENR offices from across the Philippines for incidences requiring immediate action.

With WildALERT, there will be a centralized reporting platform that can produce an accurate number of national reports on cases of wildlife crimes in the Philippines, said DENR-BMB Information Technology Officer Darwin Tejerero. This provides a mechanism for DENR field offices to regularly submit reports to DENR-BMB, which can use the data to plan enforcement actions and formulate policies.

Another benefit of WildALERT is its compatibility with mobile phones with low technical specifications. Its developers have ensured that it works with cellphones running on old operating systems and hardware, as long as these have a camera and can connect to the internet.

DENR will start the phased rollout of WildALERT in November 2020, launching initially with DENR field office enforcement staff and Lawin field patrollers. The second phase will be for National Bureau of Investigation, Philippine National Police, Philippine Coast Guard, and other law enforcement partners who have been part of the preparatory workshops and field testing. They can also access the WildALERT’s library of species on its website, which doubles as a tool for learning more about wildlife.

FUTURE PLANS

Just as wildlife and environmental crime tactics and targets will surely evolve in the coming months and years, PCSDS personnel and their partners are prepared to continue using The WildALERT app has a built-in the BRAIN System, WildALERT and other data-driven tools, species library and an easy-to-use assessing their performance and applying learning to adapt interface that works well even in low- and strengthen the systems to stay ahead of the criminal end smartphones. networks it is policing.

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WILDBase PCSDS has already acquired cloud storage, server and peripherals, and 20 mobile phones and tablets for the rollout Another USAID and DENR-led of the RESPONSE module. Soon, the RESPONSE mobile app initiative is WILDBase, a centralized will be made available to Bantay Dagat (sea patrols), Bantay database to systematize the recording and monitoring of apprehended wildlife Gubat (forest guards), indigenous communities, partner through an online facility. This will agencies who operate in Palawan or who are members of benefit DENR’s 25 regional wildlife PALAWEEN, and other groups that PCSDS will work with in rescue centers in different hubs across the country as the database will help the future. Orientation and training sessions will be improve managing records of necessary to prepare app users on how to effectively confiscated wildlife. incorporate BRAIN in their work. The WILDBase cloud will make it convenient for rescue center staff, DENR-BMB, and DENR executives to Right now, WildALERT is intended for the use of DENR access data needed for decision-making personnel and their law enforcement partners. Soon, an app and policy reforms. A WILDBase feature for public reporting will be activated so everyone can mobile app will also be developed for wildlife keepers’ offline data gathering, also participate in reporting and stopping wildlife crimes. recording, and documentation of apprehended wildlife. As important as the tools and systems that PCSDS and WILDBase will help shift wildlife DENR has launched with USAID support, the connections rescue centers in the country from paper-based systems to digital. The forged within the enforcement community and citizenry will management information system will also be critical to the Philippines’ success in combatting include electronic health records for wildlife crime. Officials are now positioned to maintain these wildlife and tracks how wildlife is disposed. networks, and apply the approaches used to create the new systems—wide-ranging consultations, participatory assessments and workshops with end-user groups to identify problems and practical solutions—to continuously learn, adapt and innovate to gain the upper hand in the fight to protect wildlife.

10 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 MONITORING, EVALUATION & LEARNING

In this chapter, Protect Wildlife presents a status update on progress achieved this quarter, and across Year 4, through implementation of the activity’s five Strategic Approaches. Achievements are presented in reference to Protect Wildlife’s contract deliverables and Year 4 targets, and USAID Economic Growth indicator targets.

THEORY OF CHANGE STATUS REPORT

Protect Wildlife’s work in target sites is guided by the following Theory of Change:

IF national and local stakeholders understand the economic value and sociocultural significance of habitats and wildlife species, including the ecosystem services that they provide in conservation areas, as a combined result of:

• Improved and positively changed communities’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors toward wildlife and biodiversity conservation; • Increased public and private sector investments and increased revenues from environment and natural resources-related enterprises to finance conservation, support to biodiversity-friendly and sustainable livelihoods and enterprises for local communities in priority sites; • Improved conservation competencies of governance bodies, local government units, civil society organizations, and landowners, tenure and domain holders in managing and regulating land and resource uses in landscapes of habitats and wildlife species; • Improved capacities of higher education institutions to generate scientifically rigorous evidence and knowledge essential for conservation and for enriching curricula and outreach programs; and • Enhanced capacities of national and local enforcement entities to identify, capture, prosecute and adjudicate wildlife crimes and habitat losses,

THEN, Protect Wildlife can significantly contribute to the reduction of threats to habitats and to wildlife species,

THEREBY, directly and indirectly enhancing capacities of various threatened habitats of wildlife species, as part of larger ecosystems and seascapes-landscapes, to supply and provide ecosystem services that benefit human well-being.

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Protect Wildlife operationalizes the Theory of Change via five SAs and their corresponding results and targets:

Strategic Approach 1: Improve attitudes and behavior toward biodiversity and its conservation in target areas at a statistically significant level, with these five-year targets: • 100 people trained to lead behavior change campaigns • 25 behavior change communication (BCC) campaigns implemented • 300,000 people reached by BCC campaigns Strategic Approach 2: Intensify financing from private and public sectors and internally generated revenues for biodiversity conservation, with these five-year targets: • US$500,000 revenues generated from the sale of ecosystem services in target sites • 100 payments for ecosystem services (PES) or tourism initiatives • US$5 million in public-private investments in Protect Wildlife anti-poaching and trafficking efforts Strategic Approach 3: Improve biodiversity conservation competencies of local government units, governance bodies, civil society organizations, and land and resource management units, with these five-year targets: • 200 LGU staff trained in participatory planning for integrated conservation and development • 2,500 community members trained in planning and implementation of integrated conservation and development • 200 LGU staff trained, certified and formally deputized as Wildlife Enforcement Officers (WEOs) by government agencies • 500 community members trained and certified as WEOs by government agencies Strategic Approach 4: Enhance capacities of universities to advance biodiversity conservation education, research, monitoring and innovation, with these five-year targets: • 25 university-supported research initiatives implemented at Protect Wildlife sites • 10 universities developing conservation curricula with support from Protect Wildlife Strategic Approach 5: Enhance competencies of national and local government agencies in enforcing biodiversity conservation-related laws and policies, with these five- year targets: • 1,000 government staff trained in combating wildlife and environmental crime • 50 new or revised laws and regulations adopted to combat wildlife crimes • 1,000 confiscations, seizures and arrests resulting from capacity building provided by Protect Wildlife. nervous

12 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 MONITORING AND EVALUATION STATUS REPORT

This report addresses activities and accomplishments achieved during the April 1 to June 30, 2020 period, while also summarizing progress across Year 4. Notably, a number of activities that were planned from March 16 to June 5, 2020, were either postponed or delivered through videoconferencing in order to comply with restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic (these restrictions and Protect Wildlife’s response measures are presented in the Management and Administration Chapter of the report). On June 6, field teams were authorized to re-start technical assistance and trainings in small groups, provided that minimum health standards were maintained—leaving only three weeks for direct engagement with partner communities. Although the pandemic placed limitations on activities— particularly for delivery of training or technical assistance at the community level—Protect Wildlife nonetheless made notable progress across various indicator targets, albeit at a slower rate than previous periods.

In the following sections, the Protect Wildlife team presents a narrative summary of progress against deliverable targets for each Strategic Approach, which is followed by an update for each USAID Economic Growth output and outcome indicator. The narrative sections are followed by a presentation of the Deliverable and Outcome tables, which included detailed reporting against quarterly and life-of- project (LOP) targets.

PROGRESS AGAINST TARGETS

Protect Wildlife maintained progress this quarter against indicator targets for each Strategic Approach, as well as the Economic Growth Output and Outcome indicator targets, as detailed in Tables 1 and 2. Protect Wildlife achieved all Year 4 targets, except those that were heavily reliant on community engagement and government training and policy—the activities most directly impacted by the pandemic. Despite the loss of more than one quarter of field-based implementation, the team nearly met the four targets that it did not achieve.

Protect Wildlife also met the LOP indicator targets for: • People reached by behavior change campaigns (Deliverable 1.3); and • Number of people trained in sustainable natural resources management and/or biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance (EG.10.2-4).

In the following sections, the team highlights achievements and other significant developments recorded this quarter. Reporting is presented by Strategic Approach and Economic Growth Outcomes and Outputs, including those indicators that the activity has proposed for the Women’s Global Development and Prosperity (W-GDP) Initiative. Where relevant, we report on the impact of the declaration of the enhanced community quarantine on planned activities and deliverables.

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FIGURE 1: OVERALL PROTECT WILDLIFE THEORY OF CHANGE RESULTS CHAIN HIGHLIGHTING INTERMEDIATE RESULTS BEING ACHIEVED FROM SA-SPECIFIC AND INTER-SA ACTIVITIES

14 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Wild and Alive Campaign to Stop Wildlife Trafficking Continues Despite COVID-19 Lockdown

In 2018 and 2019, Protect Wildlife’s Wild and Alive campaign targeted transportation and tourism hubs discovered to be avenues for wildlife trafficking. The campaign began its outward expansion from Metro Manila to activity sites in the different provinces in 2020. Given the restrictions on travel and transportation due to COVID-19, and with the tourism industry halting operations, Protect Wildlife had to pivot its transportation and tourism- centric campaign to one that could reach people who are sheltering at home. The activity had to reconsider its messaging platforms and audience segmentation for the campaign, as well. There has been a spike in online media consumption at this time across demographics. There is also a global A sample Facebook content for the Wild and Alive social media shift to moving from out-of-home advertising to online platforms. campaign launched by Protect Wildlife with DENR Region 3. With these considerations, Wild and Alive was adapted into social media campaigns with different partners, SA 1: Behavior Change Communication ranging from national parks to government agencies, such as the DENR. Where tourists were the Based on the impact of Protect Wildlife-supported BCC primary audience prior to the campaigns in activity sites, Protect Wildlife recorded a pandemic, the online Wild and Alive campaign cast a wider net to target 227,638 increase in numbers of persons reached this stay-at-home audiences to impart to quarter. With this increase, Protect Wildlife met its LOP them messages and content that target for this indicator (Deliverable 1.3). encourage learning more about biodiversity, feeling responsible for protection of wildlife from illegal trade, This quarter, the team launched two site-level campaigns, demonstrating intent to protect bringing the Year 4 total to eight campaigns—one short of wildlife through online pledges, and influencing their personal network by the Year 4, and LOP target. The majority of the campaigns sharing Wild and Alive content. are community focused, and thus faced delays due to the Recalibrating the messaging is also pandemic. In the face of this challenge, the team successfully being studied to ensure that converted design work completed under what was biodiversity conservation and the illegal wildlife trade are angled as public envisioned to be an in-person Wild and Alive campaign, into health concerns, thus making it a campaign delivered through social media (refer to text relevant and resonant to the global situation. box). Details on the two campaigns, and the persons reached through them, are presented below. • Wild and Alive campaign in Region 3, which was originally designed as an airport campaign but due to COVID-19, was pivoted into a social media campaign

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in collaboration with DENR Region 3’s Public Affairs Office. The campaign reached 203,400 individuals, and secured a 10 percent engagement rate. • Mount Matutum Watershed and Wildlife Protection Campaign was launched on June 18, 2020 in Tupi, South Cotabato with community members participating in a hybrid campaign comprising a mini-caravan, social media messaging, and a radio program component. Protect Wildlife remade the campaign for delivery during the pandemic, adding complementary social media and radio components to extend reach to a wider audience within and outside Mount Matutum. The first stop on a multi-city caravan campaign to Tupi resulted in direct engagement with 34 individuals. Protect Wildlife will reach greater numbers in upcoming quarters, as the caravan advances through the region and as the social media and radio campaigns meets additional ears and eyeballs.

This quarter, the team is also able to report on the people reached through the Wild and Alive campaign at the Puerto Princesa City airport in early January; results could not be tabulated in time for the third quarter report. The campaign reached 24,204 individuals.

SA 2: Conservation Financing

In Year 4, the team nearly doubled its annual targets for the number of PES schemes supported and the revenue generated from through them. Protect Wildlife has already achieved LOP targets for all SA 2 deliverables.

The team has transitioned its focus from supporting new PES schemes, to helping current partners to develop and launch their initiatives and supporting work and financial planning for eventual ploughback of revenue into strengthened natural resource management.

This quarter, Protect Wildlife is able to report on US$6,903 in new PES revenue generated from collections from the following LGU-run water utilities in Palawan: • Rizal LGU waterworks: US$791 • Brooke’s Point LGU waterworks: US$4,768 • Taytay LGU waterworks: US$1,343

The US$405,168 in total PES revenue generated in Year 4 were sourced from water use in Palawan (US$14,872), protected area management and ecotourism in Zamboanga City (US$383,115), cultural tourism in Bongao, Tawi-Tawi (US$5,718) and ecotourism in Mount Mantalingahan (US$1,463).

Finally, the team further surpassed its LOP target for investments in anti-poaching and trafficking efforts (Deliverable 2.3) with new reporting this quarter on US$59,436 leveraged from a commitment by Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority (PhilFIDA)—which was formalized in September 2019, but not yet reported—to provide for technical assistance, training and marketing support to upland community enterprises and livelihoods. Over the course of Year 4, the activity leveraged support from seven entities, valued at US$330,374, for technical support, capability building interventions and microfinancing to community partners in support of their conservation-oriented enterprises.

16 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 SA 3: Conservation and Governance

This quarter, Protect Wildlife transitioned its national-level support under SA 3 toward consolidation of the tools, guidelines and lessons learned from helping partners to finalize new forest land use plans (FLUPs), protected area management plans, and other conservation management plans—such as Aurora Memorial National Park, Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape, and Ayala and Manicahan watershed management plans that were completed in Year 4. The team applied these tools and resources to launch efforts to integrate them into a number of policies and implementation guides, positioning the DENR to scale up Protect Wildlife’s and local partners’ field-tested approaches.

At the site level this quarter, the team’s efforts were primarily on initial implementation of the freshly strengthened management plans’ core strategies. In Zamboanga City, for instance, Protect Wildlife is aiding efforts of Protected Area Management Offices (PAMOs) to complete delineation surveys and demarcation of boundaries of pilot zones of Pasonanca Natural Park and Santa Cruz Islands; while in Region 12, the team helped local government partners to launch marine turtle and marine mammal conservation efforts outlined in the Sarangani Bay management plan.

Apart from training support for 21 LGU staff from Palawan, who participated in a series of training on data analysis, plan formulation and action planning, and mapping, other training-focused initiatives originally planned for the fourth quarter were postponed for implementation in the first quarters of Year 5—with concentration in Region 12 for integrated conservation and development training, and in both Region 12 and Palawan for training and deputation of WEOs. Training efforts—which were redesigned for compliance with local government and Protect Wildlife health and safety requirements related to the COVID-19 pandemic—are scheduled to begin in July 2020.

SA 4: Conservation Research and Curriculum Development

In the third quarter of Year 4, the team achieved its Year 4 and LOP targets for both the number research initiatives supported (Deliverable 4.1) and the number of universities developing conservation curricula (Deliverable 4.2). In Year 4, Protect Wildlife launched seven research initiatives, including four graduate student studies, and studies on the critically endangered Philippine eagle and Sulu hornbill and the iconic and near-threatened Philippine tarsier.

Field activities for the Sulu hornbill and Philippine tarsier studies remain paused due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, but research teams are preparing plans in concert with Protect Wildlife and local officials in research field-sites to complete field activities within the first two quarters of Year 5. The Philippine Eagle Foundation (PEF) team that is leading the research on the Philippine eagle in Pasonanca Natural Park was able to complete its final field expedition in the fourth quarter, and is scheduled to complete its research in the next quarter.

Under its support to local universities for developing conservation curricula, Protect Wildlife supported six new colleges and universities in Year 4—including one new university in Quarter 4, Pampanga State Agricultural University, to strengthen its agroforestry program. Protect Wildlife is helping PSAU officials and faculty enhance the entrepreneurial focus of seven courses in its BS Agroforestry program. This will

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 | 17

enable students to engage in activities that will improve the productivity of agroforestry land uses in Region 3, an emerging agri-indutrial area.

Protect Wildlife and the Philippine Society of Criminologists and Criminal Justice Professionals (PSCCJP) continue to monitor adoption of the Environmental Law and Protection (ELP) syllabus by colleges and universities in other regions. While not directly supported by Protect Wildlife, the regional director of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) in Region 11 endorsed the adoption of the ELP syllabus—which was developed with support from the activity—to 24 regional public and private higher institutions offering criminology education programs. While this is not recorded against Protect Wildlife’s targets, this still represents local partners’ success in scaling the activity’s efforts to integrate wildlife and environmental conservation concerns into existing curricula.

SA 5: Wildlife Law Enforcement

The team continued its focus this quarter on system development for the BRAIN, WildALERT and WILDBase—which were presented in the report’s cover story. The pandemic presented a window of opportunity to both focus on back-end development of the systems, and to roll out the BRAIN’s online permitting function to facilitate continuity of operations for PCSDS despite travel restrictions.

The activity’s support for launching the BRAIN online permitting module was paired with one of the nine new laws or regulations passed this quarter with Protect Wildlife assistance. In addition to this policy, PCSD Memorandum Circular No. 01, Series of 2020: Operationalization of the Online Permitting Mechanism Established under the Biodiversity Resources Access Information Network (BRAIN) System, Protect Wildlife also provided technical assistances toward development the following landmark efforts: • PCSD Resolution No. 20-711 Approving the 25-Year Action Plan for the Conservation and Management of Palawan Pangolin (Manis culionensis) reflects Protect Wildlife comments and suggestions, while also referencing the Palawan pangolin research initiative supported by the activity. • House Bill No. 6973 Creating the Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau under the DENR, which Protect Wildlife helped to champion with partners at DENR. The draft bill makes strong case for creation of a stand-alone bureau for enforcement, citing linkages between the illegal wildlife trade and habitat destruction to zoonotic diseases; threats to nature and water sources from wastewater, hospital and other hazardous wastes; and other enforcement challenges. • Draft Fisheries Administrative Order No. 200-1: Series of 2020, Guidelines and Procedures in Implementing Section 91 of the Philippines Fisheries Code of 1998, as amended by Republic Act No. 10654. Protect Wildlife participated in technical working group discussions, and provided content and feedback to help produce the final draft of the DA-BFAR National Anti-Poaching Protocol.

Across Year 4, the team supported development of 28 policy initiatives through participation in planning and consultations with stakeholders, orientation on relevant laws and providing technical inputs in crafting policies. Delays on the remaining two policies targeted for Year 4 can be attributed to coordination challenges with government partners due to their pressing duties related to pandemic response. The activity has only two policies remaining to achieve its LOP target.

18 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 OUTCOME TARGETS

EG 10.2-2: Number of hectares of biologically significant areas under improved natural resource management as a result of USG assistance

While Protect Wildlife eclipsed its LOP target earlier in Year 4, the team continued to deliver technical assistance to partners in Quarter 4 that resulted in the placement of 120,256 hectares under improved management. These figures were comprised of the following areas, which received assistance in management planning and zoning activities: • El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area (89,135 hectares) • Malum Watershed (1,642 hectares) • El Nido LGU forest lands (17,710 hectares) • Isabela City LGU forest lands (11,769 hectares)

Collectively, Protect Wildlife assistance has contributed to the placement of more than 750,000 hectares of biologically significant areas under improved management.

EG 10.2-3: Number of people with improved economic benefits derived from sustainable natural resource management and/or biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance

For the fourth quarter reporting period, Protect Wildlife reports 8,410 individuals who are deriving improved economic benefits through sustainable natural resource management and/or biodiversity conservation works supported by the activity. The individuals drew benefits from the activity’s efforts to do the following: • Improve management of Mount Mantalingahan and surrounding forest lands and the resulting preservation of ecosystem services that help to feed 15 irrigation systems that southern Palawan farmers rely on to tend their crops; • Provide training and support for the deputation of new WEOs in southern Palawan who now earn economic benefits through their enforcement services; • Deliver organizational development support and investments in improved seaweed processing that will position seaweed farmers to process more and higher quality seaweed that commands a higher price on the market; and • Provide training and technical support for coffee and ube production and processing that will position Region 12 farmers and processes to cultivate and process more and higher quality products and command higher prices in the market.

Throughout Year 4, Protect Wildlife contributed to 37,355 individuals’ capacity to derive improved economic benefits through sustainable natural resource management and biodiversity conservation works—putting the activity on pace to achieve its life-of-project target of 100,00 by its closeout.

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EG 10.2-3 (W-GDP): Number of women and their households with improved economic benefits derived from sustainable natural resource management and/or biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance

Early in Year 4, Protect Wildlife modified the definition of this indicator in consultation with USAID; reporting is now based on active female membership in each people’s organizations, rather than training participants.

For the fourth quarter reporting period, Protect Wildlife reports on 273 women (1,365 household members) who are deriving improved economic benefits through sustainable natural resource management and biodiversity conservation works supported by Protect Wildlife the under the W-GDP Initiative. The individuals drew benefits from the activity’s efforts to support the following:

• 109 active female members of Mampang Seaweeds Planters' Association, Inc., Cherish Fisherfolks Association, and Rural Improvement Club of Labuan, who are poised to increase earning potential from their seaweed enterprises; • 30 female members (150 household members) of Datal Basak Organic Upland Farmers Association (10) and Ho’lgad Oli Lamnok Kluwel Farmers (20) who benefitted from support for abaca cultivation and processing; and • 134 female members (670 household members) of Mount Matutum Coffee Producers Association (46) and Tupi Coffee Growers Association (88), who benefited from the activity for production of improved quality coffee beans through proper postharvest and processing.

This brings the Year 4 (and ITD) total to 499 women (2,495 household members)—almost exactly the halfway point to Protect Wildlife’s LOP target.

EG 10.2-6: Number of people that apply improved conservation law enforcement practices as a result of USG assistance

Protect Wildlife facilitated validation interviews with 17 enforcement training participants from across regions and levels of government, who participated in training or technical support activities in Year 4. Interviews explored the extent to which the knowledge and skills gained have contributed toward improved work performance—and are being applied by the trainees and their enforcement unit or task force colleagues. Through these interviews, the team determined that 336 enforcement officials are applying improved practices through their enforcement duties. This comprises the former trainees and their respective co-workers.

Through the interviews, enforcement officials shared a variety of feedback about Protect Wildlife’s support, and how they are applying lessons and new systems in their roles. PCSDS representatives, for instance, shared that “the BRAIN System has been instrumental in improving processing time for permits” and that all functions are performing as intended; while DA-BFAR provincial fishery office officials in Region 3 explained that they are increasingly focused on data analysis and identifying trends, while also placing more attention on validating tips and reports from the field.

20 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 As of this report, interviews are ongoing. The activity will report on additional individuals who are applying improved practices in the coming quarters.

EG 10.3-4: Amount of investment mobilized (in US$) for sustainable landscapes, natural resource management and biodiversity conservation as supported by USG assistance

This quarter, Protect Wildlife reports on PhilFIDA’s commitment, in September 2019, to provide support valued at US$59,436 to support the activity’s efforts to strengthen conservation-oriented abaca cultivation and processing in Region 12. These figures were not previously recorded under Indicator EG.10.3-4.

Throughout Year 4, the activity leveraged support valued at US$603,467, for technical support, capability building interventions and microfinancing designed to strengthen sustainable landscapes, natural resources management and biodiversity conservation. Assistance was delivered to communities, government partners, people’s organizations and enterprises.

EG 10.3-6: Greenhouse gas emissions, estimated in metric tons of CO2 equivalent reduced, sequestered or avoided through sustainable landscape activities supported by USG assistance

As a result of the improved management of protected areas and forest areas reported in EG 10.2-2— covering more than 750,000 hectares of biologically significant areas—greenhouse gas emissions reduced, sequestered or avoided as of June 30, 2020 is estimated at 1,250,333 metric tons.

OUTPUT TARGETS

EG 10.2-4: Number of people trained in sustainable natural resources management and/or biodiversity conservation as a result of USG assistance

In Quarter 4, Protect Wildlife supported the following: • Conservation agriculture and agroforestry training for 436 community trainees who are participating in the activity’s agroforestry initiative, and will plant high-value fruit trees from which they will derive livelihoods, while also contributing to increased forest cover in Mount Mantalingahan and adjoining forest lands. • A series of training on data analysis, plan formulation and action planning, and on the use of GIS for 21 LGU officials from Palawan who applied their skills to help craft draft forest land use plan and comprehensive land use plans (CLUPs) for El Nido and the management plan for Cleopatra’s Needle.

This brings the total number of peopled trained since activity inception to 4,861—eclipsing the activity’s LOP target of 4,500.

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EG 10.2-5: Number of laws, policies, or regulations that address biodiversity conservation and/or other environmental themes officially proposed, adopted or implemented as a result of USG assistance

In the fourth quarter, Protect Wildlife contributed toward nine resolutions, ordinances and policy initiatives which were approved or endorsed for approval—bringing the Year 4 total to 38, and the inception to date total to 66. Amongst the nine new policies reported this quarter are the activity’s contributions toward two major national-level initiatives: DENR’s draft bill to create the Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau (EPEB) under the DENR, and the final draft of the DA-BFAR National Anti-Poaching Protocol.

EG 5-3 (W-GDP): Number of microenterprises supported by USG assistance

As reported under EG 10.2-3 (W-GDP): Number of women and their households with improved economic benefits, in Quarter 4, Protect Wildlife engaged three new enterprises under the W-GDP Initiative: the Mampang Seaweeds Planters’ Association, Inc., Cherish Fisherfolks Association, and Rural Improvement Club of Labuan. Protect Wildlife is providing organizational development training to members to strengthen organization management and enterprise support for improved business planning, while also investing in new floating seaweed dryers that will position the people’s organizations to process more, and higher quality, seaweed that commands a higher market price.

EG 4.2.4 (W-GDP): Number of person-days of USG funded training provided to support microenterprise

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions on work and travel, Protect Wildlife postponed W-GDP trainings to the first quarters of Year 5. Year 4 training figures reported in the third quarter report stand—with Protect Wildlife engaging 363 participants in 795.5 person-days of training and technical assistance in Year 4.

TABLES 1 AND 2, FEATURING YEAR 4, QUARTER 4 RESULTS

Tables 1 and 2, respectively, provide a more comprehensive presentation of accomplishments per contract deliverable and outcome and output targets. Progress in the achievement of the targets for W- GDP are included in Table 2. Further details on the activities are found in the Manila and site reports.

22 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TABLE 1: CONTRACT DELIVERABLES: YEAR 4 ACCOMPLISHMENTS (as of June 30, 2020)

TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date SA 1 People trained to 101 LOP target LOP target The LOP target was achieved in November 1.1 lead behavior 100 - - Male: 45 achieved achieved 2018. change campaigns Female: 56 Two site-level campaigns were launched during the quarter: 1. Wild and Alive Campaign in Region 3 was originally designed as an airport campaign but, due to COVID-19, was pivoted into a social media campaign in collaboration with DENR Region 3 Public Affairs Office. Prompts are created about wildlife trafficking, specifically in the illegal pet

Behavior change trade. 24 campaigns 2 8 On track for 2. Mount Matutum Watershed and Wildlife 1.2 25 9 (23 site- implemented (site-level) (site-level) LOP target Protection Campaign was launched on June level; 18, 2020 in Tupi, South Cotabato, with 1 national) community members participating in a hybrid campaign comprising a mini-caravan, complimentary social media campaign, and a radio program component. Protect Wildlife will reach greater numbers in upcoming quarters, as the caravan advances through the region and as the social media and radio campaigns meets additional ears and eyeballs.

1 Includes shortfalls from previous year’s target and the target for Year 5 per the approved MEL Plan.

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TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date In Year 4, Protect Wildlife launched a total of seven site-level campaigns: 1. Palawan (3): Wild and Alive campaign in Puerto Princesa Airport, Reefs for Keeps for Tubbataha, and PES campaign in Rizal LGU 2. Region 9 (1): Wild and Alive launched in Siay, Zamboanga Sibugay 3. Region 12 (3): Campaign focused on raptor protection and control launched in Glan, Sarangani during the Raptor Festival, and the Yes-O Youth Camp in Polomolok, South Cotabato with students engaged in environmental awareness activities 4. Region 3 (1): Wild and Alive campaign in coordination with DENR 3 Regional Office

Launch of the Connected to the Wild traveling exhibit, developed in partnership with Bonifacio Art Foundation’s Mind Museum, has been rescheduled to November 2020 due to pandemic-driven work and travel restrictions that impacted construction activities. Protect Wildlife met its LOP target for this indicator in the fourth quarter of Year 4.

BCC campaigns during the quarter reached a 316,337 442,101 total of 227,638 individuals: People reached LOP target 227,638 (site-level) (site-level) 1. 24,204 individuals were reached through 1.3 by behavior 300,000 174,236 achieved this (site-level) Wild and Alive billboards and campaign change campaigns quarter 21,310 21,310 materials at Puerto Princesa Airport. (This (national) (national) figure was estimated by applying a recognition rate of 21% to the 115,259 tourist arrivals in January and February 2020.)

24 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date 2. 203,400 individual saw the Facebook posts for the Wild and Alive campaign in Region 3. Engagement rate was 10%. 3. 34 individuals witnessed the launch of the Mount Matutum campaign caravan in Tupi, South Cotabato. The campaign will generate broader reach in upcoming quarters, as the caravan advances through the region and as the social media and radio campaigns meets additional ears and eyeballs. SA 2 PES collections reported during the quarter were generated from LGU-run water utilities in Palawan: • Rizal LGU waterworks: US$791 (₱39,431) • Brooke’s Point LGU waterworks: Revenue US$4,768 (₱237,559) generated from • Taytay LGU waterworks: US$1,343 the sale of LOP target 2.1 US$500,000 US$295,890 US$6,903 US$405,168 US$609,278 (₱66,900) ecosystem achieved services in target Total revenues generated in Year 4 were sites sourced from water use in Palawan (US$14,872), protected area management, and ecotourism in Zamboanga City (US$383,115), cultural tourism in Bongao, Tawi-Tawi (US$5,718) and ecotourism in Mount Mantalingahan (US$1,463). Protect Wildlife supported a total of 95 PES- Payment for and tourism-related initiatives in Year 4 in the ecosystem following sites: services or LOP target 2.2 100 47 - 95 147 1. General Santos (31 rural waterworks and tourism initiatives achieved sanitation associations) supported in 2. Mount Matutum (24 water utilities and 4 target sites resorts)

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TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date 3. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park (19 initiatives comprising the park’s environment and tourism development fund, 17 ecotourism and other establishments dependent on the its natural assets, and the Jungle Trail Community Park Warden Association) 4. Puerto Princesa Water District (for the rehabilitation and protection of the watershed within Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park and water supply source of nearby communities) 5. Bagac and Mariveles, Bataan (eight water utilities and eight establishments which are dependent on water sources from Bataan watersheds) Protect Wildlife is reporting PhilFIDA’s commitment—which was formalized in September 2019—to provide support valued at US$59,436 (₱3,072,846) for technical assistance, training and marketing support, delivered under the W-GDP Initiative in support of upland community enterprises and livelihoods. These Private-Public LOP target figures were not previously recorded under investments in achieved; US$5 LOP target Deliverable 2.3. 2.3 Protect Wildlife with US$59,436 US$327,374 US$7,544,421 million achieved anti-poaching and additional Throughout Year 4, the activity leveraged trafficking efforts targets support from seven entities, valued at US$330,374, for technical support, capability building interventions and microfinancing to assist communities and people’s organizations for their enterprises, from the organization development and production phase to market linkages for such commodities as abaca, cacao and coffee .

26 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date SA 3 In Quarter 4, 21 LGU staff participated in a series of training on data analysis, plan formulation and action planning, and on the use of GIS application for mapping, as follows: • 15 technical staff from El Nido LGU, some of whom sit as members of the technical LGU staff trained working group, were tasked to spearhead in participatory 21 85 185 the formulation of the FLUP and CLUP; planning for On track for 3.1 200 100 Male: 10 Male: 43 Male: 102 and integrated LOP target Female: 11 Female: 42 Female: 83 • Six staff from Puerto Princesa LGU conservation and involved in crafting the management plan development for Cleopatra’s Needle.

Earlier in Year 4, Protect Wildlife reported on capability building for 64 other LGU staff, from Region 12, Zamboanga City and Palawan, on forest land use, protected area management and watershed management planning. Although Protect Wildlife launched orientation and training on conservation agriculture and agroforestry for more than 400 new community members in southern Palawan this quarter, Community official numbers will not be tabulated until the members trained first quarter of Year 5, once training is in planning and 985 1,498 completed across all target barangays. Other On track for 3.2 implementation of 2,500 1,987 - Male: 654 Male: 1,029 trainings planned during the quarter for LOP target integrated Female: 331 Female: 469 community members were deferred due to conservation and restrictions on travel and mass gathering. development Earlier in Year 4, Protect Wildlife helped to deliver ICD training in South Cotabato, Panglima Sugala (Malum watershed), Sarangani, Zamboanga City and Basilan, for 985 community members.

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TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date For the year, three LGU staff from Tawi-Tawi, who were trained on wildlife and environmental LGU staff trained, law enforcement (with community Bantay Dagat certified and members) were deputized as Bantay Dagat by formally their respective municipal LGUs. deputized as 3* 80 On track for 3.3 Wildlife 200 123 - Male: 68 Protect Wildlife also supported training for LOP target Enforcement *all male Female: 12 more than 40 Puerto Princesa Subterranean Officers (WEOs) River National Park forest guards in Year 4. by government While they have completed required trainings, agencies and were recommended for deputation by the PAMB, they are still awaiting official deputation by DENR Region 4B. In April 2020, 23 community members—from Allah Valley, Mount Matutum and Sarangani Bay—who completed previous trainings on wildlife and environmental law enforcement were certified as trained enforcers by DENR Region 12. The number of certified community members from each protected area are Community presented below: members trained 63 150 367 • Allah Valley: 19 (13 males, six females) and certified as On track for 3.4 500 283 Male: 55 Male: 142 Male: 355 • WEOs by LOP target Mount Matutum: 10 (eight males, two Female: 8 Female: 8 Female: 12 government females) agencies • Sarangani Bay: 34 (all male) In addition to the above, in Year 4, Protect Wildlife contributed to training of certified or deputized community enforcers from the following sites: • Bongao, Sitangkai and Languyan LGUs in Tawi-Tawi: 37 Bantay Dagat members

28 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date • Zamboanga City: 50 forest guards (who are also community members) at Pasonanca Natural Park

SA 4 Seven researches were approved in Year 4 and awarded to the following: • Four graduate students for the study on (1) amphibians and reptiles in Mount Busa, (2) Philippine brown deer in the Obu Manuvu ancestral domain in Davao City, and (3) biodiversity of the marine ecosystem of Burias, Glan; and a study using an improved University- mangrove crown measurement technique. supported • Philippines Biodiversity Conservation research LOP target 4.1 25 5 - 7 27 Foundation, Inc. for the Sulu hornbill study, initiatives achieved • Philippine Eagle Foundation for Research implemented in and Conservation of Philippine Eagles target sites within the Zamboanga Peninsula (Pasonanca Natural Park).

All field research activities were suspended during the quarter.

Of the 15 students who received research awards, five completed the defense of their thesis or dissertation. Support to the curriculum enhancement of the Universities agroforestry program of Pampanga State developing Agricultural University was initiated during the conservation LOP target 4.2 10 2 1 6 14 quarter. curricula with achieved support from Earlier in Year 4, Protect Wildlife provided Protect Wildlife technical assistance to Mindanao State University-General Santos City for development

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TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date of teaching tools and materials for marine biology and allied courses.

Finally, four colleges and universities adopted the ELP syllabus that was developed through Protect Wildlife’s initiative and rolled out in five regions of the country. These are the following: 1. Manuel Gallego College, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija 2. Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City, Quezon 3. Rizwood Colleges, Cebu City 4. Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc., Lucena City, Quezon

Protect Wildlife and PSCCJP continue to monitor adoption of the ELP syllabus by colleges and universities in other regions. SA 5 In Year 4, a total of 165 staff from agencies and groups, such as the DENR, DA-BFAR, Philippine National Police, National Bureau of Investigation and Bureau of Customs, were participants to the following capability building activities: Government staff 1. 9th Training of Trainers on the Application LOP target trained in of the Wildlife Law Enforcement Manual of achieved; 165 1,458 combating wildlife LOP target Operations (July 2019, 64 participants) 5.1 1,000 with - Male: 114 Male: 890 and achieved 2. Advanced training on enforcement and additional Female: 51 Female: 568 environmental investigation for violations of laws and target crime regulations on wildlife, fisheries, and protected areas (September 2019, 22 participants) 3. Seminar on Environmental Laws for Mindanao Prosecutors of Green Courts (September 2019, 23 participants)

30 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date 4. Environmental Law Enforcement Planning Workshop in Region 3 (October 2019, 56 participants).

During the quarter, Protect Wildlife submitted drafts, with its final inputs, for two national policies: 1. Bill for the creation of the DENR Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau. The bill has been filed at the House of Representatives. 2. DA-BFAR National Anti-Poaching Protocol

The team also provided technical inputs and support for three PCSD resolutions and four municipal ordinances, as presented below: New or revised 3. PCSD Resolution No. 20-711 Approving laws and the 25-Year Action Plan for the regulations On track for Conservation and Management of Palawan 5.2 50 30 9 28 48 adopted to LOP target Pangolin (Manis culionensis) combat wildlife 4. PCSD Resolution Approving the Ten-Year crimes Conservation Strategy for Indo-Pacific Crocodiles in Balabac, Palawan 5. PCSD Memorandum Circular No. 01, Series of 2020: Operationalization of the Online Permitting Mechanism Established under the Biodiversity Resources Access Information Network (BRAIN) System 6. Draft Ordinance Declaring the Basilan Yakal, Tarsier and Green Sea Turtle as the Flagship Species of the City of Isabela, Basilan 7. Draft Ordinance Declaring the Seagrass (Thalassodendron ciliatum) as Flagship Species of Glan, Sarangani

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TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date 8. Municipal Ordinance No. 046-S-22020 Establishing Fisheries Administrative Adjudication Board and the Rules and Procedure for the Administration and Management of Administrative Complaints in Cagayancillo, Palawan 9. Municipal Ordinance No. 048-S-22020 Standardizing the Support Enforcement Program of Bantay Dagat in Cagayancillo, Palawan

For Year 4, a total of 28 policy initiatives were supported by Protect Wildlife from orientation and consultations with stakeholders to the crafting and review of draft policies. In summary: • Four fishery-related LGU ordinances • 10 LGU ordinances on flagship species • One PAMB resolution declaring its flagship species • Two PCSD resolutions: one for the conservation of the Palawan pangolin and another approving the conservation strategy for Indo-Pacific crocodiles • One PCSD memorandum circular for the operationalization of an online permitting mechanism • Eight resolutions on general enforcement protocols and guidelines • DA-BFAR anti-poaching protocols in line with the Phil. Fisheries Code • Draft of the EPEB Bill Confiscations, Collectively in Year 4, Protect Wildlife- seizures and On track for supported enforcement units reported on 481 5.3 1,000 700 116 481 816 arrests resulting LOP target apprehensions. This includes figures from this from capacity quarter—where enforcement units supported

32 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 FOR YEAR 4 (Adjusted)1 Quarter 4 to Date building provided by Protect Wildlife reported on 116 by Protect apprehensions. The number of reports are Wildlife presented by each enforcement unit in the following: • 2nd Special Operation Unit of Philippine National Police Maritime Group, Puerto Princesa City (63 actions) • Brooke’s Point LGU (5 actions) • Sofronio Española LGU (7 actions) • PCSDS (15 actions) • PENRO Palawan (26 actions)

The highlight of this quarter’s enforcement actions in Palawan was PCSDS’ apprehension of a violator in Panitian, Sofronio Española, which resulted to the seizure of dried sea horse (301.5 pounds), pangolin scales (2,551.5 pounds), dried pangolin scutes (579 pounds), and dried sea dragon (73.5 pounds). PCSDS filed a case against the perpetrator for violating the provisions of the Wildlife Act. The seized items are under the custody of the PCSD.

The team also received initial reports on nine additional cases, from April to June 2020, from Zamboanga City Fishery Law Enforcement Team but was unable to validate the data in time—due to coordination challenges stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic—to include in this report. The team will validate the report and present any verified data in the next quarterly report.

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TABLE 2: ECONOMIC GROWTH OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS: YEAR 4 ACCOMPLISHMENTS (as of June 30, 2020)

TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception FOR NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 (Adjusted) Quarter 4 to Date YEAR 4 Outcomes For the quarter, improved management of an aggregate area of 120,256 hectares was reported in the following protection and conservation areas: Number of • El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected hectares of Area (89,135 hectares) biologically • Malum Watershed (1,642 hectares) LOP significant areas • El Nido forest lands (17,710 hectares) target EG.10.2-2 under improved 500,000 127,088 120,256 378,165 751,077 • Isabela City forest lands (11,769 hectares) natural resource achieved management as a In Year 4, 378,165 hectares of the aforementioned result of USG areas and three other biologically important sites assistance (Cleopatra's Needle: 41,350 hectares; Sarangani Bay: 210,883 hectares; and Aurora Memorial National Park: 5,676 hectares) were placed under improved management. In this quarter, improved economic benefits were derived by 5,825 individuals as a result of various Number of interventions initiated by Protect Wildlife: people with • 1,031 Bataraza and Quezon LGU farmers (5,155 improved individual household members) secure economic economic benefits from the activity’s support toward benefits derived improved management of Mount Mantalingahan from sustainable On track and surrounding forest lands. These farmers rely EG.10.2-3 natural resource 100,000 84,380 8,410 37,355 57,975 for LOP on ecosystem services from the watershed, to management target feed the 15 irrigation systems that they rely on to and/or tend their crops. biodiversity • 27 community members (135 individual household conservation as members) from southern Palawan, who were a result of USG hired as WEOs—and now earn money through assistance their services—thanks in part to their participation in Protect Wildlife enforcement training and support for their deputation.

34 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception FOR NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 (Adjusted) Quarter 4 to Date YEAR 4 • 136 active members (680 individual household members) of Mampang Seaweeds Planters' Association (76 members), Cherish Fisherfolks Association (35 new members) and Rural Improvement Club of Labuan (25 members) are deriving economic benefits through their participation in the W-GDP Initiative, and increased earning potential from their seaweed enterprises. Protect Wildlife is providing organizational development training to members to strengthen organization management and enterprise support for improved business planning, while also investing in new floating seaweed dryers that will position the people’s organizations to process more, and higher quality, seaweed.

Protect Wildlife also reports here on people’s organizations with collective membership of 517 individuals (2,585 household members), who secured improved economic benefits through support delivered by Protect Wildlife in Quarter 3. Because the activity was unable to tabulate the numbers in time for the previous quarterly report, we include them here: • 131 members (655 household members) of Datal Basak Organic Upland Farmers Association (31) and Ho’lgad Oli Lamnok Kluwel Farmers (100) who benefited from support for abaca cultivation and processing. • 386 members (1,930 household members) of Knoon Highlands Farmers Association (51), Mount Matutum Coffee Producers Association (85) and Tupi Coffee Growers Association (250) who benefited from support for production of

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TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception FOR NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 (Adjusted) Quarter 4 to Date YEAR 4 improved quality coffee beans through proper postharvest and processing. This quarter, Protect Wildlife launched support under W-GDP for three seaweed-focused people’s organizations. Through Protect Wildlife support, 109 active female members of Mampang Seaweeds Planters' Association, Cherish Fisherfolks Association and Rural Improvement Club of Labuan are poised to increase earning potential from their seaweed enterprises. Protect Wildlife is providing organizational development training to members to strengthen organization management and enterprise Number of support for improved business planning, while also women investing in new floating seaweed dryers that will (household position the people’s organizations to process more, members) with and higher quality, seaweed that commands a higher economic 273 women 499 women 499 women market price. Membership numbers for each people’s benefits derived On track organization are presented below: from sustainable 1,000 (W-GDP) - (1,365 (2,495 (2,495 for LOP • Mampang Seaweeds Planters' Association: 39 natural resource (5,000) household household household target women management members) members) members) • and/or Cherish Fisherfolks Association: 45 women biodiversity members conservation as • Rural Improvement Club of Labuan: 25 women a result of USG Protect Wildlife also reports here on people’s assistance organizations with collective female membership of 164 individuals (2,585 household members), who secured improved economic benefits through support delivered by Protect Wildlife in Quarter 3. Because the activity was unable to tabulate the numbers in time for the previous quarterly report, we include them here: • 30 female members (150 household members) of Datal Basak Organic Upland Farmers Association (10) and Ho’lgad Oli Lamnok Kluwel Farmers

36 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception FOR NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 (Adjusted) Quarter 4 to Date YEAR 4 (20) who benefited from support for abaca cultivation and processing. • 134 female members (670 household members) from Mount Matutum Coffee Producers Association (46) and Tupi Coffee Growers Association (88) who benefited from support for production of improved quality coffee beans through proper postharvest and processing. Protect Wildlife facilitated validation interviews with 17 Year 4 enforcement training participants. The individuals cut across regions and levels of government, with representation from Regions 3 and 9 and PCSDS, among others.

Number of Interviews explored the extent to which the people that knowledge and skills gained in the capability building apply improved activities have contributed toward improved work On track conservation law performance—and are being applied by them, and EG.10.2-6 1,200 516 - 336 1,020 for LOP enforcement their enforcement unit or task force colleagues. target practices as a Through these interviews, the team determined that result of USG 336 enforcement officials are applying improved assistance practices through their enforcement duties. This comprises the former trainees and their respective co- workers.

As of this report, interviews are ongoing. The activity will report on additional individuals who are applying improved practices in the coming quarters. Amount of investment Protect Wildlife is reporting PhilFIDA’s commitment, LOP target mobilized (in in September 2019, to provide support valued at achieved; LOP US$) for US$5 US$59,436 US$603,467 US$8,473,146 US$59,436 (₱3,072,846) for abaca production EG.10.3-4 with target sustainable million technology—which is being delivered under the W- additional achieved landscapes, GDP Initiative. These figures were not previously target natural resource recorded under Indicator EG.10.3-4. management and

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TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception FOR NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 (Adjusted) Quarter 4 to Date YEAR 4 biodiversity conservation as Throughout Year 4, Protect Wildlife leveraged supported by support valued at US$603,467, for technical support, USG assistance capability building interventions and microfinancing designed to strengthen sustainable landscapes, natural resources management and biodiversity conservation. Assistance was delivered to communities, government partners, people’s organizations and enterprises.

The funds leveraged in Year 4 were derived from the following sources: • PhilCAFE: US$49,436 • PRDP: US$58,974 • PhilMECH: US$19,658 • CSDO: US$39,316 • Smart Communication: US$6,880 (for Zoohackathon 2019) • CLAFI: US$96,674 • PhilFIDA: US$59,436 • National and local government partners counterpart for activities: US$273,093 Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, estimated in metric tons of As a result of the improved management of protected CO2 equivalent LOP areas and forest areas reported in EG 10.2-2, reduced, target EG.13-6 703,930 631,889 562,869 1,250,333 greenhouse gas emissions avoided as of June 30, 2020 sequestered or achieved avoided through is estimated at 1,250,333 metric tons. sustainable landscape activities supported by USG assistance

38 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception FOR NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 (Adjusted) Quarter 4 to Date YEAR 4 Outputs During the quarter, Protect Wildlife supported conservation agriculture and agroforestry training for 436 community members; trainees are participating in the activity’s agroforestry initiative, and will plant high value fruit trees from which they will derive Number of livelihoods, while also contributing to increased forest people trained in cover in Mount Mantalingahan and adjoining forest sustainable lands. natural resources LOP Also this quarter, 21 LGU staff participated in a series EG.10.2-4 management 4,500 1,884 457 2,245 4,861 Target of training on data analysis, plan formulation and action and/or Achieved planning, and on the use of GIS application for biodiversity mapping, as follows: conservation as • 15 technical staff from El Nido LGU, some of a result of USG whom sit as members of the technical working assistance group, were tasked to spearhead the formulation of the FLUP and CLUP; and • Six staff from Puerto Princesa LGU involved in crafting the management plan for Cleopatra’s Needle. Number of laws, In the fourth quarter, Protect Wildlife contributed policies, or toward nine resolutions, ordinances and policy regulations that initiatives which were approved or endorsed for address approval. These are the following: biodiversity 1. Draft Ordinance Declaring the Seagrass conservation LOP (Thalassodendron ciliatum) as Flagship Species of and/or other EG.10.2-5 50 22 9 38 66 target Glan, Sarangani submitted to municipal council environmental achieved 2. Draft Ordinance Declaring the Basilan Yakal, themes officially Tarsier and Green Sea Turtle as Flagship Species proposed, of the Isabela City, Basilan, submitted to adopted, or municipal council implemented as 3. PCSD Resolution No. 20-711 Approving the 25- a result of USG Year Action Plan for the Conservation and assistance

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TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception FOR NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 (Adjusted) Quarter 4 to Date YEAR 4 Management of Palawan Pangolin (Manis culionensis) 4. PCSD Resolution Approving the Ten-Year Conservation Strategy for Indo-Pacific Crocodiles in Balabac, Palawan 5. Municipal Ordinance No. 046-S-22020 Establishing a Fisheries Administrative Adjudication Board and the Rules and Procedure for the Administration and Management of Administrative Complaints in Cagayancillo, Palawan 6. Municipal Ordinance No. 048-S-22020 Standardizing the Support Enforcement Program of Bantay Dagat in Cagayancillo, Palawan 7. Draft DA-BFAR Anti-Poaching Protocol, which DA-BFAR presented in Fisheries Administrative Order No. 200-1, Series of 2020: Guidelines and Procedures in Implementing Section 91 of the Phil. Fisheries Code of 1998, as Amended by RA No. 10654, to DA-BFAR and for submission to the National Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council 8. PCSD Memorandum Circular No. 01, Series of 2020: Operationalization of the Online Permitting Mechanism Established under the Biodiversity Resources Access Information Network (BRAIN) System 9. Draft bill creating the Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau under the DENR, which Protect Wildlife helped to champion with partners at DENR and was eventually submitted by them to the House.

40 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENTS RATING INDICATORS Year 4 Year 4, Inception FOR NARRATIVE PROGRESS LOP Year 4 (Adjusted) Quarter 4 to Date YEAR 4 Number of Due to COVID-19 restrictions, and limited capacity to person days of engage a significant number of beneficiaries via video USG funded EG.4.2.4 On Track conference—a large percentage lack access to reliable technical (W-GDP) 1,500 - - 795.5 795.5 for LOP internet services—Protect Wildlife postponed training assistance Target to the first quarters of Year 5. provided to support In Year 4, Protect wildlife engaged 363 participants in microenterprise 795.5 person-days of training and technical assistance. In Quarter 4, Protect Wildlife engaged three new enterprises under the W-GDP Initiative for seaweed processing in Zamboanga City and Palawan • Mampang Seaweeds Planters' Association • Cherish Fisherfolks Association • Rural Improvement Club of Labuan

Number of Through Protect Wildlife support, active members of EG. 5-3 On Track microenterprises these three people’s organizations are poised to (W-GDP) 20 - 3 14 14 for LOP supported by increase earning potential from their seaweed Target USG assistance enterprises. Protect Wildlife is providing organizational development training to members to strengthen organization management and enterprise support for improved business planning, while also investing in new floating seaweed dryers that will position the people’s organizations to process more, and higher quality, seaweed that commands a higher market price.

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ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT

In this chapter, Protect Wildlife highlights its most impactful activities and results from Year 4 of activity implementation—from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Reports and results are presented in sections for each field site and for Manila. Major activities from Year 4 are described in detail, while other activities carried out during Quarter 3 (April 1 to June 30, 2020) are summarized in a table. We close each section by previewing priority activities scheduled for the next quarter—from July 1 to September 30, 2020—which are listed according to SA Theory of Change results.

MANILA

In the section, Protect Wildlife presents activity highlights for national-level and cross-cutting initiatives that were led from Manila during Year 4. It summarizes activities from the most recent quarter and previews priority activities scheduled for next quarter.

HIGHLIGHTS FOR YEAR 4

Year 4 highlights in Manila cut across the activity’s BCC campaigns, natural resource governance, university engagement, and wildlife and environmental law enforcement work streams, as well the W- GDP Initiative. Of these highlights, Protect Wildlife reports on the following two initiatives that are delivering timely assistance that can aid in the local response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences: • The first involves the launch of a partnership with Smart Communications to finance distribution of School in a Bag digital classroom kits, which now feature wildlife conservation materials produced by the activity. The kits will be distributed to underserved communities in activity sites that are likely to struggle with the new approach to blended learning. • Under the W-GDP Initiative, Protect Wildlife has invested in the Climate Smart Farmers’ Field School training and four spindle stripping machines to strengthen abaca production in Region 12, while also helping a local cooperative secure microfinancing to strengthen abaca consolidation efforts. In addition to livelihood benefits for farmers—many of whom hailing from Indigenous Persons communities—these improvements are helping abaca farmers in Sarangani to respond to the growing demand for abaca fiber, which can be used to produce medical-grade and eco- friendly face masks and personal protective equipment that are critically needed for response to the global pandemic.

Other Year 4 highlights include the following: • Scaling up field-tested approaches to FLUP and protected area management planning through new national policies, DENR guidelines and tools, and design of a new Protected Area Academy; • Integrating environmental and wildlife law subjects into university criminology degree curricula, thereby helping to ensure that new graduates have the knowledge and skills needed to address environmental crimes; • Uncovering new information that are advancing the understanding of local biodiversity through university research partnerships; and

42 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 • Strengthening wildlife and environmental law enforcement through new protocols that apply cutting-edge geospatial technology, while also helping to advance progress on landmark legislation to create the Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau under the DENR.

These stories are presented in more detail in the section below.

Creating Access to Basic Environmental Education for Public Elementary Schools Across the Country

As blended and online learning has become a core part of the “new normal” during the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to develop content and strengthen access to educational materials in the Philippines’ remote and underserved communities has grown. Protect Wildlife’s partnership with wireless communications and digital services provider Smart Communications, Inc.—forged in early 2020, prior to the pandemic—to finance an expansion of the School in a Bag program could not have been timelier for underserved communities and activity sites. Protect Wildlife and Smart Communications are co- financing production of these portable, digital classroom kits for 20 new communities and are also developing new content on wildlife conservation that will be included in kits being used across the Philippines.

Smart Communications’ School in a Bag is a long-standing corporate social responsibility initiative designed for students in public primary and secondary schools located in hard-to-reach communities. Under the partnership for “matched giving,” Protect Wildlife and Smart Communications will each finance distribution of 10 School in a Bag kits allocated for remote schools in activity sites. Protect Wildlife is also developing new environmental education content that Smart Communications will also integrate into the kits’ current offerings. Each kit includes 10 tablet devices, a laptop, a DVD player, an LCD projector, an internet dongle, and a solar power source for off-grid schools without access to electricity. The kits feature a teaching pedagogy focused on remote, blended learning and K-12 content in both printed and electronic formats.

School in a Bag offers Protect Wildlife the opportunity to widely distribute a basic environmental education module across the country, thereby creating access to conservation-related information and activities otherwise absent from standard curricula. The materials developed by Protect Wildlife will be uploaded into the 207 existing School in a Bag kits, extending the activity’s reach and messaging to teachers and students in rural or underserved communities across the Philippines.

Environmental education is considered an important aspect of biodiversity conservation interventions that has been shown to increase knowledge2 and improve attitudes. Pro-environmental attitudes are

2 Vaughan, Christopher & Gack, Julie & Solorazano, Humberto & Ray, Robert. (2003). The Effect of Environmental Education on Schoolchildren, Their Parents, and Community Members: A Study of Intergenerational and Intercommunity Learning. The Journal of Environmental Education. 34. 12-21. 10.1080/00958960309603489.

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Sample contents of a School in a Bag digital classroom kit from Smart Communications. To this, Protect Wildlife will add wildlife conservation educational materials for teachers and students. (Photo: Smart Communications)

formed in childhood, and efforts targeted at children offer potential knowledge transfer to their parents, and, therefore, adults who are the primary actors of behaviors that negatively impact the environment3. The new materials were formatted into a toolbox of resources called Kuwentong Kalikasan (Nature Stories) to help teachers from Grades 3 to 5 to supplement lessons that can cut across Science, Filipino, Social Studies, and Reading, as well as lessons for school-based environmental clubs.

Protect Wildlife developed Kuwentong Kalikasan’s educational inputs on wildlife and human-wildlife interface around Bloom’s six levels of cognitive skills: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate and Create. Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy is a technique used by teachers globally to form strategies, exercises and tools for delivering content that will help achieve desired learning outcomes. The content will be designed for students to progressively build their knowledge and skills through each of the six levels, ending with students creating or formulating personal actions to protect wildlife and conserve nature. For example, to create a poem about wildlife protection, the participant must list and describe ways to protect wildlife (remember), interpret why they have to be protected (understand), classify ways of protection (apply), explain and differentiate them (analyze), and assess and provide conclusions (evaluate). Through the poem activity, students are able to actualize their knowledge of wildlife protection (create). Through these exercises, students are given opportunities to demonstrate learning and actualization of knowledge of wildlife protection.

Kuwentong Kalikasan will feature twelve endemic and endangered species, including the Philippine eagle, Philippine pangolin, and Sulu hornbill, among others. A combination of printed materials and digital tools

3 Damerell, Peter & Howe, Caroline & Milner-Gulland, Eleanor. (2013). Child-orientated environmental education influences adult knowledge and household behaviour. Environmental Research Letters. 8. 015016. 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015016.

44 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 will be made available through School in a Bag. By creating additional printed materials and a teacher’s guide that can be easily reproduced by reprinting, DENR and NGOs also have the opportunity to apply these lessons during school tours and outreach activities beyond the life of Protect Wildlife.

Strengthening National Policies and Programs on Biodiversity and Resource Conservation and Management in Forest Lands, Protected Areas and Other Conservation Sites

Early in activity implementation, Protect Wildlife found that national policies and guidelines for the management of forest lands and national parks were overly siloed and did not reflect real-world demands for integrated planning and governance, particularly given the Philippine context, where it is common for communities to reside and work in these areas. Through Protect Wildlife implementation in Palawan, Zamboanga City and the Sulu Archipelago, and Regions 3 and 12, the team developed and field-tested landscape-driven management planning approaches together with its partners and, based on findings, adapted them for implementation in varying contexts.

With activity closeout on the horizon, Protect Wildlife is pivoting back to integrate these field-tested tools and approaches into environment and natural resources policies, guidelines and tools, positioning DENR partners to scale up USAID’s investments in natural resource management across the Philippines. The activity’s work to integrate protected area, forest land and seascape land use policies under a uniform approach, and its success in operationalizing the Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (PBSAP) for local execution, are two illustrations of the activity’s scaling up efforts.

Aligning Forest and Protected Area Land Use Planning Approaches to Facilitate Integration into Comprehensive Land Use Standards

Prior to Protect Wildlife’s interventions, protected area and forest land use plans were largely standalone documents that did not lend themselves to integration into umbrella-level, comprehensive plans created according to Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) standards. The activity saw the opportunity to align commonly applied approaches to protected area and forest land use planning to HLURB standards and also develop recommendations to enhance the HLURB guideline on CLUP preparation. Specific policy interventions related to land use planning in forest lands, protected areas and ancestral domains include the following: 1. Establishing a unified approach to zoning, ensuring better coordination across groups engaged in forest land, protected area and comprehensive land use planning, and building connectivity between LGUs and the DENR when issuing zoning ordinances in public lands; 2. Compelling the DENR to execute diligent review and quality control to ensure that recommended or approved land uses in public lands are compliant with existing policies; 3. Holding both LGUs and the DENR responsible for regulation of land uses in public lands and enforcement of zoning ordinances for forest lands and protected areas as they relate to road construction and other social and infrastructure support to upland communities; 4. Creating a joint approval mechanism for the DENR and LGUs regarding land uses in public lands, which will improve due diligence in response to investment and development permitting, while also providing greater clarity for private sector investors. Current guidelines do not clearly delineate these processes at the local level, especially with respect to CLUP approval and implementation; and

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5. Including completion of an enhanced FLUP and CLUP, using new frameworks developed with support from Protect Wildlife, as basis in the review and evaluation of environmental impacts and investment-specific applications for ECC.

Working with the DENR, Protect Wildlife helped to create a joint DENR-BMB and DENR-FMB technical working group to harmonize zoning, land and resource use rules and other aspects of policy, where possible, between forest land and national parks and protected area data, with the goal to improve resource planning and management standards and protocols. The technical working group developed the framework to undertake the harmonization processes and proposed it through an inter- agency vetting process, field testing the approach through an activity in Zamboanga City.

Following confirmation of the value of the approach through the activity, the technical working group, with Protect Wildlife technical support, is now preparing a technical bulletin on the harmonization of land and resource uses, definitions and statistical reporting strategies. Protect Wildlife considers this to be a valuable knowledge product that will affect a change to reporting processes on forest statistics by differentiating forest lands from national parks and protected areas, providing greater clarity for DENR officials and the public at large.

Operationalizing National Plans for Implementation of Conservation Work under the Convention on Biological Diversity

The Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan serves as the framework for implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, a roadmap for the country’s actions to conserve biodiversity and govern the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services. While objectives and targets were established at the national level by partners at DENR-FMB and DENR-BMB, the Philippines lacked a flow-down mechanism for their execution at the local level. Hence, Protect Wildlife and the Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) under the United Nations Development Programme helped DENR-FMB and DENR-BMB officials to develop a standardized local Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP) preparation process that brought together best practices identified through pilot BSAP exercises held in Protect Wildlife sites, specifically in Zamboanga City, Zamboanga Sibugay, Aurora and South Cotabato.

Strengthening coordination across bureaus and local level agencies and stakeholders was one of the major areas of success in adapting BSAP for local implementation. The integrated and participation- driven approach applied by Protect Wildlife and local partners replaced the traditional sectoral and fragmented style of strategy setting, with LGUs now given more active roles in preparing and implementing the local BSAP. This governance approach brings a fresh mandate to LGUs, supported by national government agencies, in generating improved local support and investments for the conservation of local biodiversity assets. With DENR’s Technical Bulletin for Biodiversity Strategic Action Plans expected to be in place by the end of 2020, all other areas for local BSAP preparation will follow a set of standards and processes. The BSAP will see the involvement of other DENR bureaus in future local BSAP preparations as biodiversity assets straddle the concerns of these agencies.

46 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Applying Field-Tested Approaches to Refine National Policies

In Year 4, Protect Wildlife consolidated the tools, guidelines and lessons learned from implementing these activities and began to integrate them into a number of policies and implementation guides in partnership with DENR. Support toward policy development and preparation of technical guidelines will serve as the vehicle for Protect Wildlife to position DENR and other national and local partners to scale up field-tested practices for years to come. Select policies that the activity has helped complete include the following: • DENR-BMB Technical Bulletin for enhanced protected area planning processes. This contains proposed refinements to DENR Memorandum Circular No. 04 Series of 1993 or Guidelines for the Adoption of the Integrated Protected Areas System General Management Planning Strategy. It consolidates several technical bulletins that are applicable to protected area management plan preparation and creates a pathway to improve coordination among DENR-BMB divisions in programming activities in protected and conservation areas. The enhanced version simplifies the preparation of work and financial plans and the presentation of management strategies and support activities. The enhanced version also contains samples of management prescriptions and management guidelines, another area of weakness among PAMOs. DENR-BMB’s National Parks Division is leading the review of this policy. • DENR-BMB Technical Bulletin for Biodiversity Strategic Action Plans. The first draft of this user- friendly guide for the DENR and LGUs in preparing a provincial- or city-level Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan was initially reviewed by the DENR-BMB’s Biodiversity Policy and Knowledge Management Division. A second review with Protect Wildlife and BIOFIN is being scheduled in the fourth quarter of FY 2020. • DENR Memorandum Order on the selection and conservation of candidate flagship species. This is a refined draft of the amendments to Memorandum Order No. 7 or Guidelines on the Selection and Conservation of Candidate Flagship Species. The policy will assist protected area and LGU efforts to select management indicator species—which, if appropriately selected, can serve as indicators for the health of the local ecosystem—and flagship species and prepare conservation plans for their selected species. DENR-BMB’s Wildlife Resources Division will be responsible for the review of this policy. • DENR Administrative Order on Carbon Accounting, Verification and Certification System (CAVCS). This policy institutionalizes the CAVCS and Carbon Sink Program. The policy went through initial review by the DENR policy technical working group. The final review awaits the finalization of the CAVCS manuals and templates that will be attachments to the DENR administrative order. Related to the order, Protect Wildlife supported the development of CAVCS manuals, Forest Carbon Project Plan template and Forest Carbon Accomplishment Report template, which incorporate the recommendations of stakeholders generated during the consultative workshop held in March 2020. A second review by sectoral representatives is being planned prior to the expected approvals by the DENR in September 2020.

While not yet finalized, Protect Wildlife also began policy efforts in Year 4, which will be completed in the coming quarters, including the following: • Integration of the DENR-FMB Lawin System with DENR-BMB’s Biodiversity Monitoring System. Protect Wildlife’s Project Steering Committee raised to the potential to adopt its Lawin System for

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forest management to also monitor biodiversity and threats in protected areas. Protect Wildlife focused support on first updating DENR-BMB’s Biodiversity Monitoring System, which, like Lawin, was originally crafted for use in protected areas. As a next step, the activity team will support DENR-FMB to effect similar changes in the Lawin System—integrating the two systems to capture real-time observations in biodiversity monitoring areas in both forest lands and protected areas. The DENR-FMB Lawin team and DENR-BMB are now collaborating to enhance the Biodiversity Monitoring System manual. • Preparation of environmental impact assessment checklists for environmentally critical projects. Protect Wildlife provided assistance to DENR-BMB, in order to improve its technical assistance to the DENR Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB) in reviewing project descriptions, feasibility studies and environmental impact statement of environmentally critical projects, particularly those projects with biodiversity components. Protect Wildlife helped to develop improved checklists that properly represent biodiversity considerations as they relate to mining, forestry, renewable energy, land reclamation, agriculture, road, hydropower, and coal-fired power plant environmental impact reviews. The checklists are under review by various technical divisions of DENR-BMB. This assistance will ensure that DENR-BMB is equipped with the tools to support DENR Environmental Management Bureau in the environmental impact assessment review process. • Draft DENR Administrative Order on ecological restoration in large-scale mining operations. Protect Wildlife strove to build on the strengthened cooperation and coordination between DENR-BMB and DENR Mines and Geosciences Bureau (DENR-MGB) by engaging them to jointly draft the DENR administrative order on ecological restoration in large-scale mining operations. The joint effort to develop the policy will finally establish coordination between the two agencies, especially in the common concern of managing and conserving habitats in mining areas, including areas for restoration. DENR-MGB will have better access to biodiversity and habitat conservation strategies applicable in mining operations, and apply science-based restoration measures that will return mined-out areas to their original (approximation) habitat structure and condition. This draft policy is pending at the DENR-MGB technical working group for its review, a prerequisite to holding a final consultation with sector representatives.

National Capacity Building Support to Benefit Forest Lands, Protected Areas and Other Conservation Sites

The sustainable benefits of well-managed biodiversity-rich landscapes and seascapes to local governments and communities are facts of science. While Protect Wildlife’s policy, tools and systems- development initiatives, as presented above, will definitively strengthen the institutional framework for conservation and land management—ultimately, the well-being of ecosystems and the people who depend on them also depends on officials’ knowledge, skills and overall capacity for local execution. The activity and the DENR are nearing the final stages of developing capacity-building platforms to help local officials to fill existing gaps, and better position themselves to govern the Philippines’ rich natural resources. In the sections below, Protect Wildlife presents results from Year 4 initiatives to design new or refine existing training programs.

48 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Training Guides on Forest Land Use and Protected Area Management Plan Preparation

Drawing from experience in designing and rolling out implementation guides and supporting efforts to craft actual FLUP and protected area management plans in Protect Wildlife sites, in Year 4, Protect Wildlife began a knowledge management exercise to compile the field-tested methodologies, tools and materials into training guides for the Philippines’ forest lands and protected area officials. The training guides, developed for application in training of trainers sessions, shall serve as tools for DENR frontline technical cadres to build the capacity of personnel and governance units across line units and LGUs for preparation of integrated conservation and development plans and practicing the science of holistic resource management

The training guides will also position the DENR to standardize planning and management protocols across forest lands and protected areas, as required by Presidential Decree 705 or Forestry Code, and RA 7586 or NIPAS Act, as amended. The Protected Area Management Planning methodology features nine sub-modules that collectively address processes for development of protected area goals and objectives, analysis of the management situation vis-à-vis policy-prescribed land and resource uses, development of zoning and management prescriptions, development of management focuses and strategies, and work and financial planning for execution of the plan. The FLUP methodology features six major modules that address field validation of policy-designated land uses; sectoral, inter-sectoral and cross-sectoral analysis of FLUP and CLUP data; identification of conservation areas within forest lands; and establishment of current and projected land and resource uses in forest lands, among others.

Establishment of a Protected Area Academy

In addition to the training guide on protected area management planning, the DENR, in order to achieve the vision and goals for strengthened protected area management and conservation established through the Protected Area Masterplan 2018-2043 and PBSAP, requested Protect Wildlife support for the establishment of a Protected Area Academy. USAID’s support is timely, leveraging the increasing budget appropriations for legislated protected areas, to mobilize training and resources towards the establishment of a PA Academy under the DENR ENR Academy. The Protected Area Academy will provide comprehensive training on protected area management for a range of stakeholders, with customized modules for DENR senior executives, directors and assistant directors, PENRO and CENRO technical staff, PAMO staff, PAMB members, LGU officials, legislator staff, non-technical PAMB members, and community stakeholders. The customized modules for each target audience shall have common lecture topics on the implementing rules and regulations of the NIPAS and ENIPAS Acts, integrated landscape and seascape planning and protected planning, governance and management zoning, investment planning for multiple use zones, enforcement and dispute resolution, PES and integrated protected area fund, tenure management, and wildlife and habitat management, among other areas.

DENR envisions launching the Protected Area Academy in late 2020. Protect Wildlife has agreed to assist with the design of curriculum and training modules for protected area superintendents (PASus). In Year 4, Protect Wildlife launched the initiative, completing a training needs assessment that targeted 57 PASus and 41 rangers. The PASu assessment spanned 12 core competencies in protected area management: enforcement; planning and management; conservation management; communication skills; sustainable development and communities and associated livelihoods; socioeconomic and cultural

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assessments; natural resources management; daily field operations and site management; recreation, associated livelihood and tourism; awareness, education and public relations; program development; and financial and physical resources management. The training needs assessment indicated that a representative sample of those assessed had generally low competency across many of the less technical, but equally critical, management- and finance- related aspects of protected area management. These include daily operations and site management, financial and physical resources management, program development, awareness raising and livelihood competencies.

Given the more limited training available to protected area rangers, the training needs assessment indicated low competencies across all four areas against which they were rated: protected areas policy, planning and management, enforcement, natural resource assessment, and daily field operations and site management.

In the coming months, Protect Wildlife will apply these findings to develop the curriculum, syllabi and instructional materials for the Protected Area Academy.

Drone Imaging and Analysis Training

To position regional officials to maximize benefits from new drones provided by DENR’s central office, Protect Wildlife contributed to the design of a training program to guide local officials to transform image data from unmanned aerial vehicles into spatial products for forestry application. Following a pilot training for DENR-FMB and DENR-BMB held in January 2020, Protect Wildlife supported efforts to refine lecture materials for wider application in Regions 3, 4B, 9 and 12. To provide maximum flexibility for implementation in this age of the pandemic, the training was designed with flexibility in mind, and is conducive to either face-to-face or online delivery.

Improved capacity for National Greening Program (NGP) monitoring, from seedling survival to productivity of the project site, is one of several benefits offered by drones, particularly for areas that are challenging to access. Results of drone-assisted monitoring can be applied to assess the integrity of agreements signed by the DENR and the community participants regarding the NGP. The utility of UAV imagery has led the project and partners to issue recommendations to the NGP office on how they may improve their current approaches to monitoring through drone technology, particularly now that travel is limited due to the pandemic.

Training of National NGP Trainers and NGP Extension Officers

Protect Wildlife also supported efforts to develop materials and guidelines for DENR-FMB trainers to apply for training NGP extension officers. The NGP program continues to receive significant support from the Philippine Congress—including an allocation of approximately $100 million for the 2021 budget. USAID is supporting DENR’s efforts to effectively administer the program by supporting this national training initiative. With the fast turnover rate of trained extension officers, and the target recruitment of more than 1,000 NGP extension officers by the end of 2020, DENR-FMB is relying on Protect Wildlife support to strengthen its existing economic and business management training materials, and to package all modules and tools into a comprehensive training package. With DENR-

50 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 FMB, the activity will provide inputs to a technical bulletin on strengthening tenure systems to strengthen value chains for tenured and untenured NGP beneficiaries.

Ensuring the Next Generation of Criminology Students Graduate with Knowledge of Environmental and Wildlife Law

With no signs of a slowdown in the number of environmental and wildlife law and trafficking violations— even in the midst of a global pandemic—and increasing public awareness regarding linkages between the illegal wildlife trade and public health, the importance of strengthened enforcement has rarely seemed clearer. Thanks to support from USAID, universities and colleges across the country are working to ensure that tomorrow’s enforcement officials graduate with proper training in environmental and wildlife law.

To address the major gap in the prevailing criminology curriculum, early in activity implementation, Protect Wildlife successfully introduced conservation education and environmental and wildlife laws through an Environmental Law and Protection syllabus. The development of the syllabus was a pioneering work of Protect Wildlife, initiated with seven universities and colleges in activity sites, namely, Holy Trinity University, Palawan State University, Western Philippines University, Mahardika Institute of Technology, Tawi-Tawi Regional Agricultural College, Universidad de Zamboanga and Western Mindanao State University. The syllabus covers topics on principles of environmental protection, specifically on ecosystem and biodiversity, threats and environmental laws. Protect Wildlife later provided support to further develop the syllabus to include topics on detection and investigation of environmental crimes and gathering of evidence for prosecution of cases, adjusting the syllabus to Environmental Law, Protection and Investigation (ELPI).

In Year 3, Protect Wildlife and the Philippine Society of Criminologists and Criminal Justice Professionals launched a nationwide roadshow as a strategy to present and promote the adoption of the ELP syllabus by universities and colleges that award Bachelor of Science in Criminology degrees. The ELP roll-out took the form of a capacity-building workshop for deans and faculty members who are handling courses under the criminology programs of selected members of PSCCJP. The workshop was designed not only to introduce the ELP syllabus as a new instruction material but to train participants to teach the course. By the close of the workshop, participants gained knowledge on the importance of the environment and the basic principles and relationships between environmental science and environmental laws; understood the appropriate teaching and learning activities for students to acquire skills in detection and investigation of environmental crimes; developed, with mentoring support, sample teaching tools and materials to effectively deliver course contents to the students as aligned to the requirement of the Commission on Higher Education for learner-centered approach; and learned how to conduct field investigation of environmental issues. The objective of the curriculum enhancement efforts is to position colleges and universities to produce criminology graduates who are better prepared to address wildlife and environmental crimes.

In Year 4, Protect Wildlife and PSCCJP completed the nationwide roadshow to showcase the ELPI syllabus to criminology program faculty and administrators across the country, including: • Region 3 on August 6 to 9, 2019, held in Cabanatuan City and participated in by 17 colleges and universities

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• Regions 11 and 12 on October 22 to 25, 2019, held in Davao City and participated in by 37 colleges and universities; and • Regions 7 and 8 on January 21-24, 2020, held in Tacloban City and participated in by 24 colleges and universities.

These figures bring to 102 the total number of colleges reached by the roadshow. The nationwide roadshow resulted in the following major achievements in Year 4: 1. The adoption of the syllabus in criminology education by the following five colleges and universities outside of Protect Wildlife sites: • Manuel Gallego Colleges, Cabanatuan City: ELP was implemented in academic year 2019-2020 and is offered to second-year students. • Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City: ELP is part of the program for academic year 2020-2021 and will be offered to third-year students. • Rizwood Colleges, Cebu City: ELP is for implementation in academic year 2020-2021. • Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc., Lucena City: Adopted the ELP syllabus in its program for academic year 2020-2021. In 2019, the Student Academic Development Program offered an ELP seminar for students enrolled in the old Bachelor of Science in Criminology curriculum, which does not include ELP. • University of Mindanao-Matina, Davao City: The contents of the syllabus were integrated into the instruction materials used in teaching the subject Environmental Law, Protection and Investigation. 2. The issuance of the CHED Regional Office XI of Memorandum Order 40, Series of 2020, on Adoption of the Syllabus on Environmental Law, Protection and Investigation Effective Academic Year 2020-2021. Addressed to public and private colleges and universities offering criminology education program, the directive covers 24 schools offering criminology programs in Region 11. Of these, 21 participated in the ELPI syllabus roll-out in October 2019, and one, the University of Mindanao-Matina in Davao City, has adopted the use of the syllabus ahead of the CHED Memo Order.

While CHED Memorandum Order No. 5, Series of 2018: Policies, Standards and Guidelines for the Bachelor of Science in Criminology Program prescribed the offering of the ELP course in the fourth year level, colleges and universities have the academic freedom to move it up to second (academic year 2019- 2020) or third (academic year 2020-2021) level. Thus, apart from ELPI syllabus adoption by schools and CHED Region XI, the actual use of the syllabus in instruction is notable in this reporting period.

Delivering Groundbreaking Achievements through Partners’ Research Initiatives

In Year 4, Protect Wildlife initiated support to seven new research initiatives that brought to 27 the total number of research initiatives that the activity currently manages.

Three research efforts are aiming to develop new understanding of endemic species and habitats of conservation significance in activity sites. These are the Philippine eagle in Pasonanca Natural Park in Zamboanga City; Sulu hornbill in the proposed Upper Malum Watershed conservation area in Panglima Sugala, Tawi-Tawi; and Philippine tarsier in Mount Matutum Protected Landscape in South Cotabato and

52 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Sarangani. Four new research initiatives are being funded under Protect Wildlife’s research assistance program for master’s and doctorate students. Through this program, the activity aims to support student research into biodiversity conservation, protected area management, and combating wildlife trafficking issues in Protect Wildlife work sites—targeting awards to research initiatives that will address species and habitat conservation, sustainable resource use, and wildlife crime challenges, particularly those that will introduce or test new or improved technologies.

These studies produced a number of scientific breakthroughs and important findings that can be applied to help expand our understanding of endemic species and conserve their habitats. On December 4, 2019, for instance, the Philippine eagle research team spotted a male eagle flying away from a tree canopy after delivering food, when an adult female eagle emerged into view from a thicket of ferns. From afar, the team observed the nest and its feathered dwellers, including a healthy and well-fed one- month-old eaglet. This is the first active Philippine eagle nest recorded in Pasonanca Natural Park and the third in the whole Zamboanga Peninsula.

During the third quarter of Year 4, Protect Wildlife’s support enabled researchers to make progress in expanding the limited global knowledge base on the critically endangered Sulu hornbill. Through a population survey completed in the research team’s first expedition, they identified four separate groupings of the hornbill, three nests and a host of endemic flora and fauna in the forest of Tawi-Tawi.

In the following sections, Protect Wildlife briefly presents details and notable findings to date from these and other research initiative being implemented across activity sites.

Uncovering Signs of Hope for an Endangered Eagle in Pasonanca Natural Park

Protect Wildlife partnered with the Philippine Eagle Foundation to conduct the study “Research and Conservation of Philippine Eagles within the Zamboanga Peninsula,” specifically within Pasonanca Natural Park, one of the remaining intact lowland dipterocarp forests in Mindanao. The park is jointly managed by the DENR and the Zamboanga City Water District and is of high conservation interest as it is one of the few habitats within Zamboanga Peninsula of the critically endangered Philippine eagle. In Year 4, PEF undertook four expeditions and achieved a number of scientific breakthroughs which are presented in greater detail in the Zamboanga City section of this report.

Estimating the Remaining Population of the Elusive Sulu Hornbill, the Rarest Hornbill in the World

Protect Wildlife partnered with the Philippines Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, Inc. (Philbio) to conduct the study “Project Tawsi: Sulu Hornbill Project in Upper Malum Watershed,” Philbio works with the ASEAN Center for Biodiversity and the local government in Tawi-Tawi to monitor and update the status of Sulu hornbill populations in forest and migration sites. Through this study, USAID shares in the partnership to conserve and protect the remaining individuals of this critically endangered bird. The study aims to assess the status of the Sulu hornbill and its critical habitats in the Upper Malum Watershed in Panglima Sugala municipality in Tawi-Tawi province, and assess the remaining forests in the watershed. In Year 4, Philbio completed a reconnaissance to select and establish monitoring sites and Expedition 1, which documented initial findings on Sulu hornbill populations, biodiversity within

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habitats and ecological observations. Findings are further detailed in the Zamboanga City section of the report.

Information generated by this research project will be inputs to the declaration of Upper Malum Watershed as a Local Conservation Area. Project results will also be packaged into information materials as technical support to local government units and the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao-Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Energy (BARMM-MENRE) in Tawi- Tawi, in raising community awareness of the global importance of the Sulu hornbill and its habitat for biodiversity conservation and management. The study is also expected to contribute to best practices in Sulu hornbill assessment that can be replicated in other ASEAN countries.

Exploring the Genetic Diversity of the Iconic Philippine Tarsier

Protect Wildlife partnered with the University of the Philippines-Institute of Biology (UPIB) for the “Defining Boundaries: Home Range, Habitat Use, and Genetic Diversity of the Philippine Tarsiers in the Mount Matutum Protected Landscape Tarsier Sanctuary” study. While a tarsier sanctuary is established in Mount Matutum, there is a considerable lack of scientific support to many aspects of the sanctuary, as well as to the strategies implemented to protect the tarsiers. This study intends to establish the ecology, behavior and genetic diversity of tarsier within the site; and to characterize vegetation and habitat types present within the sanctuary, as well as the assemblage and diversity of insects and other invertebrates in A Philippine tarsier (Carlito the area to determine suitability of the sanctuary to support syrichta) hugs a mossy branch. tarsiers. The intended outcome impact of the initiative is for While a tarsier sanctuary is sanctuary managers to use its findings to improve conservation established in Mount Matutum in South Cotabato, there is a approaches and inform decision-making regarding ecotourism considerable lack of scientific investments. support to many aspects of the sanctuary, as well as to the strategies implemented to protect In Year 4, University of the Philippines and Mindanao State the tarsiers. University-General Santos City presented the project to the Protect Wildlife partnered with the Mount Matutum protected area management board and University of the Philippines Institute conducted a reconnaissance on February 22 to 25, 2020. of Biology to study the ecology, behavior and genetic diversity of Information gathered from reconnaissance was used in designing tarsiers in the sanctuary. Expedition 1, which was scheduled for March 9 to April 2, but delayed due to imposition of travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Protect Wildlife, UPIB, DENR and LGU officials are engaged in active discussions about the potential to resume the research, or otherwise adjust the study design.

54 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Empowering Students to Study New Technologies for Forest Conservation, Generate Knowledge to Inform Conservation Area Management Strategies for Mount Busa Local Conservation Area, and to Explore Other Conservation Issues

Also in Year 4, Protect Wildlife extended support for the following four student-led research initiatives: 1. Biodiversity Assessment of Marine Ecosystem of Burias, Glan, Sarangani: Basis for a Learning Package by Leizle Coronica, PhD in Science Education (major in Biology), Graduate School, Notre Dame of Dadiangas University. The study aims to assess the status of marine ecosystems of Burias and develop localized learning packages to be used for teaching Marine Biology in Notre Dame of Dadiangas University. 2. Improved Mangrove Crown Measurement from Airborne Lidar Data Using Marker-controlled Watershed Algorithm-filtered Hamraz Technique by Rufo Marasigan, Jr., Doctor in Engineering (Computer Engineering), Technological Institute of the Philippines. The study looks into the application of new technology for accurate forest inventory, monitoring and management in support of the protection of mangrove trees in the Philippines. 3. Abundance and Distribution of the Philippine Brown Deer (Rusa marianna) in the Obu Manuvu Ancestral Domain, Davao City by Jhonnel P. Villegas, MS in Biology, Ateneo de Davao University. The study looks into the abundance, movement, habitat use and home range of this endemic species and generate baseline information that can guide management of the species and habitats within the ancestral domain. 4. Amphibians and Reptiles in Mount Busa, Kiamba, Sarangani Province: Species and Functional Trait Responses along Forest Gradients by Kier Pitogo, MS in Wildlife Studies, University of the Philippines-Los Baños. Amphibians are bio-indicators of environmental conditions and together with reptiles are important part of the food chain. The study will conduct rapid surveys of species present in the area. Data will be submitted to CENRO of Kiamba to contribute to the information requirement to develop a management plan for Mount Busa local conservation area.

Enforcement Policy Development

Using Heat Maps as a Tool to Illustrate the Threat of Illegal Fishing, Inform Development of National Anti-Poaching Protocol

In recent years, the Philippines has experienced a documented increase in the entry of foreign fishing vessels (FFV) in the country’s exclusive economic zone in the West Philippine Sea. Not only have there been significant losses to the country’s, there have been instances when Philippines fishing vessels have been harassed or damaged by FFVs with the most recent incident being the intentional ramming of the F/V Gem-Ver in June 2019 by a Chinese trawler.

While FFV operations occur throughout the day, night fishing is a particular concern as they utilize huge lights in their fishing operations, decimating pelagic fisheries in the area. DA-BFAR has been constrained in exercising its authority as the lead bureau for addressing poaching operations, due to its reliance on a dated, 20-year-old protocol that has not kept pace with trends in fisheries law enforcement.

Last April 16, 2020, Protect Wildlife provided final inputs to the DA-BFAR technical working group for the draft National Anti-Poaching Protocol that will govern the process of interdicting, apprehending, boarding and the filing cases against any FFV found operating or fishing within Philippine waters. These

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One of the heat maps developed by Protect Wildlife for DA-BFAR, showing fishing vessel activity for 2019 at the Kalayaan Group of Islands in West Philippine Sea.

FFVs often target marine turtles, giant clams, sharks, corals and other threatened or endangered marine wildlife.

Building the case for the new protocol, Protect Wildlife developed 13 heat maps showing the intrusion of FFVs in the West Philippine Sea, which were presented by DA-BFAR during a high-level meeting with the Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine Navy, National Intelligence Coordinating Agency, National Security Council and the Department of National Defense last June 9, 2020. The maps were generated using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data—technology developed by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)—covering Fisheries Management Area 5 and the Kalayaan Group of Islands for the period of 2015 to February 2020. VIIRS detects the use of lights for night fishing and marks these coordinates. Spatial analysis of these light points can show when fishing pressure is heaviest in a given area. VIIRS is also useful for tracking fishing vessel intrusions into prohibited areas.

The heat maps clearly show the prevalence of FFVs within the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone. This data, along with high profile cases of incursions like those referenced above, have helped to secure overwhelming support to strengthen both the anti-poaching protocol, and DA-BFAR’s Five-Year Fisheries Enforcement Operations Plan, which was also developed with the support from Protect Wildlife.

The newly strengthened protocol provides for new coordination processes, with DA-BFAR as overall commander for multi-agency operations that address poaching. The rules of engagement and procedures that address poaching will also be standardized across the different law enforcement bodies under implementation of the new policy. The technical working group has endorsed the draft protocol to the National Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council as part of the formal adoption process.

Conceptualizing stand-alone Environmental Law Enforcement Bureau to Oversee Long- Term Capacity Building and Enforcement Management across DENR

56 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Year 4 also saw Protect Wildlife’s successful contributions to a bill that would, if passed, professionalize environmental law enforcement within the DENR. Over the previous decades, DENR law enforcement hiring and assignments were made without the benefit of a standardized, long-term training development program. Enforcers are not required to undergo any physical conditioning and most capacity development is learned on the job rather than through an institutionalized process. Further, specialized trainings such as crime scene forensics, wildlife and wood identification, boarding procedures, surveillance, intelligence gathering and investigation were not available to most enforcers due to dependence on foreign-assisted projects for design and facilitation. Spurred to action by the increasing number of attacks on DENR rangers, as well as the increasing shift of timber and wildlife crimes from domestic crime to transboundary trafficking, the DENR launched work in 2019 with Protect Wildlife to build an enforcement program under a designated bureau that will oversee the long-term capacity building and enforcement management and planning needs of its bureaus and personnel.

On June 5, 2020, a bill creating an Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau was filed by Representative Loren Legarda in the House of Representatives. The bill—House Bill No. 6973, Creating the Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau Under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Providing for its Powers and Functions and Appropriating Funds Therefor, and for Other Purposes (Annex C)—builds a strong case for creation of a stand-alone bureau for enforcement, citing linkages between the illegal wildlife trade and habitat destruction to zoonotic diseases; threats to nature and water sources from wastewater, hospital and other hazardous wastes, and the general weak enforcement of other environmental laws. Specifically, the bill supports the following: • Calling for capacitation of the DENR’s enforcement agents to be achieved through an academy that will teach basic and advanced level skills—such as forensics, intelligence and surveillance, and criminalistics—which lends itself to professional career advancement in environmental law enforcement within the Department, completely overhauling the ad hoc nature of the present system; • Empowering the DENR to mainstream environmental and wildlife law into traditional enforcement agencies such as the Philippine National Police and the National Bureau of Investigation; and • Directing the DENR to develop a dedicated forensics laboratory to help solve environmental crimes involving wildlife, forestry, protected areas, pollution and toxic substances, and creates technical positions within the laboratory that will bring scientific approaches to law enforcement.

The experiences of Protect Wildlife in conducting environmental law enforcement trainings and other technical matters helped in providing inputs in the bill’s provisions on standardizing basic and advanced- level trainings for the DENR’s enforcers, as well as for other law enforcement agencies. Some of these conceptual trainings were tested during Years 3 and 4 of the activity, particularly the second advanced training on intelligence, monitoring and investigation that was conducted in September 2019 in Clark, Pampanga; and its technical support in designing a learning activity for the DENR on personal and operational safety, security and small-unit tactics that was conducted in December 2019 in Puerto

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Princesa. The last training was fully implemented by the DENR and it was the DENR’s response to equip their enforcers with improved knowledge on field tactics as a result of the deaths of several of their rangers these past several years.

Protect Wildlife’s support for the bill cut across Year 4, from planning meetings in August 2019, consultations from November 2019 to February 2020, and participation in technical working group efforts to craft the bill in the third and fourth quarters of Year 4. During the latter quarters, Protect Wildlife contributed extensively to workshop design, facilitation and providing content for the actual bill. After filing the bill on June 5, 2020, Protect Wildlife continued to provide technical assistance to the Office of the Undersecretary for The Wildlife Forensics Enforcement’s Environmental Protection and Enforcement Task Capability Assessment in the Force (DENR-EPETF) for drafting a communications plan— Philippines report provides an analysis of current Philippine wildlife which included frameworks on establishing key messaging, forensics capabilities and presents a talking points and other tactics—designed to mobilize support road map and model for the development of a wildlife forensics for the passage of the bill into law. laboratory for the Philippines.

Providing research analysis on wildlife law enforcement to support policy development

Protect Wildlife supported a number of research and analysis efforts to support DENR’s efforts to make data-driven policy decision and align its approach to enforcement to best practices.

Development of Wildlife Forensics Capacity. In June 2020, Protect Wildlife formally submitted its report, Wildlife Forensics Capability Assessment in the Philippines, to the National Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee-Sub-Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (NALECC-SCENR), DENR Office of the Undersecretary for Law Enforcement, and DENR- BMB (Annex D). A culmination of more than two years of cross visits, assessments, and planning meetings, the report provides an analysis of current Philippine wildlife forensics capabilities and presents a road map and model for the development of a wildlife forensics laboratory for the Philippines. The results of the study were originally intended to establish a dedicated forensics laboratory for wildlife. However, the unitary model presented in the study in terms of staffing, strategic management, and functions provided a framework in drafting the provisions in the EPEB bill that would establish a dedicated in-house environmental forensics lab for the DENR that would

58 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 cover not only wildlife forensics, but also crimes involving forestry, PA, pollution, mining and other environmental laws.

Analysis of Wildlife Trafficking Trends: In response to the request of DENR-BMB’s Wildlife Resources Division to analyze their data on wildlife seizures from enforcement operations, Protect Wildlife engaged a consultant to provide a top-level analysis of current trends in wildlife trafficking. The activity facilitated two presentations on the study results of wildlife seizures for the DENR-BMB, DENR-EPETF, PCSD, DA-BFAR, Bureau of Customs and the Philippine National Police Maritime Group. The report, Wildlife from Forests to Cages: An Analysis of Wildlife Seizures in the Philippines, gathered seizure data from the DENR, other law enforcement agencies and open sources to analyze trends which are the most highly trafficked species identify hotspots, transport and concealment methods, and update known trafficking routes. Key findings include the following: • Palawan remains a top source of poached wildlife, with the hill mynah and the blue-naped parrot being the most trafficked. For mammals, Philippine pangolin scales and meat fetch the highest prices in terms of faunal species. Marine turtle eggs are still widely traded especially in the Southern Philippines with the trade crossing into Sabah; • There is an increasing number of seizures of wildlife from Indonesia. Of interest in terms of exotic species is the increasing popularity of sugar gliders for the pet industry which have the potential to become an invasive species should they escape; • Wildlife laundering by registered zoos and holders of certificates of wildlife registration is increasing with more records in terms of inventoried wildlife not matching the reproductive capacities of several species; • Overland and sea transport are still the preferred shipping methods with NCR as the primary destination, and Bataan, Batangas, Cavite, Quezon, Occidental Mindoro and Negros Occidental as important transit hubs of wildlife smuggled out of Palawan; and • There are emerging routes of concern as well, from Zamboanga City to Dumaguete City; Palawan to Bataan; Misamis Oriental to China.

Inputs were provided by the participants to validate the data and improve the draft. A second draft will be presented to enforcement agencies for validation next quarter, prior to the finalization of the report.

Assessing What Drives Trafficking for Certain Wildlife. Protect Wildlife launched local implementation of the CAPTURED study in Year 4. This study will analyze why certain wildlife are being targeted for the illegal wildlife trade. Applying the CAPTURED criteria of ‘concealable, available, processable, transferrable, useable, removable, enjoyable, and desirable,’ the study will analyze and predict what the next species or wildlife products will be targeted or produced in the coming years. Research criteria has been refined, target respondents finalized, and a pre-testing of the survey and interview questions have been conducted. The study will be fully rolled out next quarter. The results on emerging trends and modes of concealment can help the DENR and future USAID projects develop response mechanisms and policies to improve combating wildlife trafficking (CWT) operations.

Preparing Rules on Administrative Adjudication for Protected Areas: The activity submitted to the National Parks Division draft rules on Administrative Adjudication for Protected Areas pursuant to the provisions of the ENIPAS Law. The draft rules cover the procedure for initiating investigation and assessment of

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violations, the imposition of penalties that are short of incarceration, setting of fines and the issuance of notices of violations, cease and desist orders, and other ancillary processes to protect the biophysical integrity of a protected area. The rules are applicable to forestry, wildlife, fisheries, illegal occupation and other violations committed within a protected area. The NPD will submit the draft to their technical working group for refinement and additional technical assistance will be provided by Protect Wildlife.

Systems Development

In addition to support for the BRAIN System and national level support for WildALERT, which are presented in the Cover Story, Protect Wildlife began to support DENR’s efforts to strengthen the National Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center (NWRRC).

As part of its support for the DENR, the activity team met with NWRRC staff in Year 4 to identify their priority needs to improve on the care and management of the wildlife at the facility. Among the priority issues identified by their staff include the acquisition of modern diagnostic and wildlife handling equipment, upgrading the veterinary diagnostic room, and procurement of a dedicated wildlife ambulance.

Last March 3, 2020, at an event commemorating World Wildlife Day, USAID officially turned over to the NWRRC a veterinary x-ray machine and an upgraded diagnostic room that will house the x-ray and planned ultrasound equipment. The diagnostic room was upgraded by providing lead sheets to protect both WRC staff and the wildlife from unnecessary radiation exposure when the x-ray machine is being used. The x-ray provided to the NWRRC is an electronic machine that does not use the old-style film and can do 10,000 images per cartridge. This will down the operating, processing and maintenance costs of the equipment. The set includes a computer terminal that processes the images and stores the radiographs. The computer has dedicated software that not only processes the images but will serve as an image database. The machine will provide the NWRRC with high resolution images for wildlife that may have sustained broken bones or have been shot by poachers. During the same turn-over event, USAID also announced that it will be providing an ultrasound machine and a dedicated wildlife ambulance. The ultrasound is part of the diagnostic equipment upgrade program and will be portable so that DENR veterinarians can take it to the field to examine rescued wildlife.

In Year 4, Protect Wildlife also commenced development of an electronic management system for monitoring and tracking the inventory of wildlife at DENR-established wildlife rescue centers across the country. This was pursuant to a request by the DENR-BMB Wildlife Resources Division to improve the DENR’s database which is paper-based, thus presenting a problem in keeping an updated record of the wildlife at the various rescue centers across the country. The first workshop for development of Wildlife Rescue Center Status Database (WILDBase) was conducted in November 2019 where it defined user functionalities and process flows. In March 17, 2020, a validation workshop and walkthrough of the alpha system was conducted at the Palawan Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center in Puerto Princesa, which was unfortunately truncated due to the imposition of COVID-19 quarantine measures. Last June 3, 2020, a validation workshop and walkthrough of the alpha version was tested at the NWRRC. Wildlife handlers and the DENR veterinarians tested the app’s mobile phone functions to conduct an inventory and recording of the wildlife located within the NWRRC, their enclosure numbers, health status and others. The desktop version had data uploaded into the system to

60 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 test the system’s functions for intake of wildlife, to test the drop down fields, and to refine its user feel and responsiveness. The mandatory forms used by the DENR as the health records of the wildlife were converted into digital form, making their recording more efficient. This testing program extended into the succeeding weeks in order to finalize user functionalities, with continuing online discussions between the NWRRC veterinarians and the developer as the latter builds the beta version. WILDBase will be undergoing further development and its beta version will be tested next quarter.

W-GDP Support to Microenterprises

Protect Wildlife is helping to lead implementation of the Women’s Global Development and Prosperity Initiative in the Philippines by targeting community-based organizations and people’s organizations in activity sites that are dependent on natural resources and other ecosystem goods and services from forest lands and protected areas, and have significant representation of women in officer positions and their membership.

The W-GDP Initiative is anchored on three pillars: Women Prospering in the Workforce, which will support workforce development and skills training; Women Succeeding as Entrepreneurs, which is centered on entrepreneurship and access to capital, markets and networks; and Women Enabled in the Economy, which will address factors that affect women’s ability to reach their economic potential, including applicable laws, regulations, policies, practices and norms.

Under W-GDP, Protect Wildlife is focusing efforts on the second pillar, targeting support at least 20 enterprises with active women members and aiming to strengthen the economic benefits derived from biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of natural resources for 1,000 women 5,000 household members. W-GDP support for women’s livelihoods include training on organizational development, procuring processing equipment and post-harvest facilities, strengthening access to credit, and facilitating marketing agreements and networking opportunities.

To achieve women empowerment and economic well-being, while reinforcing Protect Wildlife’s natural resources management objectives, Protect Wildlife is targeting people’s organizations with Indigenous Persons membership, upland farmers and fisher folks operating enterprise activities in multiple use zones of protected areas and production zones of forest lands. Within the sections below, we present background on the analysis and selection of target enterprises, technical support delivered to date, and partnerships forged, with leveraged financial support, to strengthen and sustain achievements beyond the life of the activity.

Organizational Assessments

In the second quarter of Year 4, Protect Wildlife started its implementation by hiring two organizational and enterprise development specialists who will provide capacity building support to identified enterprise partners. Together with the specialists, the team adapted a tool called People’s Organizational and Enterprise Readiness Assessment (PO-OERA), to help determine the level of organizational development and enterprise readiness of 40 potential community-based organizations and people’s organizations from the four activity sites. Through a rating scheme embedded in the tool,

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Protect Wildlife gauged whether the organization and, more specifically, its women leaders and members, were of sufficient capacity to benefit from support under the W-GDP Initiative.

The PO-OERA tool, which was designed through a World Bank project, is used to assess organizations in the areas of organizational viability, legal personality, track record of projects, membership increase and scope, external interface or network relationships, financial competence, and organizational leadership. Through the W-GDP initiative, Protect Wildlife integrated variables on people’s organizations’ involvement in environment conservation and protection practices into the PO-OERA tool to ensure that any enterprise activity that the activity supports is conducted in a sustainable manner. Revisions to variables were also made to emphasize the importance of women participation, such as the number of leaders and number of women accessing benefits.

In the second and third quarters of Year 4, the team applied the PO-OERA tool to conduct needs assessments with 40 organizations across all Protect Wildlife field sites. In the assessment, the team identified major gaps and issued recommendations for organizational development and pinpointed opportunities for women in the enterprise chains. Protect Wildlife also used the findings to identify where potential exists for women to upgrade their productivity skills based on Protect Wildlife’s W- GDP framework. Of the 40 organizations, Protect Wildlife rated 27 as functional, sufficiently linked to the project’s co-objectives for natural resources management, and with capacity to absorb technical assistance and investments in improved processing capacity.

TABLE 3: POTENTIAL W-GDP-SUPPORTED ENTERPRISES

Number of W-GDP Number of Protect Wildlife Sites Priority Commodity Enterprises Female Members Aurora-Nueva Ecija 1 23 Turmeric Palawan 10 174 Purple Yam and Cassava 12 1,318 Abaca, Cacao, Coffee GenSan-South Cotabato-Sarangani and Mangrove 5 260 Cacao, Seaweeds and Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi Food processing Total 27 1,775

Engaging Selected W-GDP Beneficiaries

With the beneficiary selection complete, Protect Wildlife transitioned in the latter half of Year 4 to design and delivery of customized technical support to each people’s organization based on assessments of their organizational development and enterprise management capacity and systems. Interventions include organizational development and business planning and management training; strengthening access to market information and networks and access to credit; and supporting capital investments in technology, basic infrastructure and postharvest equipment. These will enable the people’s organization to move to a higher level of an organization and horizontally toward becoming part of a network, and move from being producers to processors or traders that use technology to produce better quality products, command better price, and penetrate more local markets.

62 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 To date, Protect Wildlife has delivered this assistance to 14 people’s organizations, connecting with 544 female beneficiaries. Among the achievements to date, Protect Wildlife has done the following: • Invested in a spindle stripping machine for producing abaca fiber for abaca farmers from Datal Basak Upland Farmers Association, a W-GDP beneficiary group. The new processing equipment positions the farmers to process abaca fibers up to 20 times faster than stripping by hand. Mechanized production also greatly improves the quality of abaca fiber and increases its volume by up to 72 percent. These improvements can help abaca farmers in Sarangani province to respond to the growing demand for abaca fiber, which can be used to produce medical-grade and eco-friendly face masks and

personal protective equipment that are desperately needed for response to the global pandemic. Women farmers in southern Palawan can expect a continuous • Strengthened the curriculum and supported facilitation harvest of their ube (purple yam), of the Climate Smart Farmers’ Field School for abaca thanks to the partnerships forged by Protect Wildlife with Sunlight Foods production, in partnership with PhilFIDA, Maasim LGU Corporation, local government units, and Conrado and Ladislawa Alcantara Foundation and local NGO IDEAS, and the additional support from the W-GDP Incorporated (CLAFI). With Protect Wildlife’s support, Initiative—all of which can help grow PhilFIDA is executing a re-design of the six-month and sustain their new community training on abaca production to integrate climate smart enterprise. farming and conservation agricultural practices into the curriculum. The partners, along with CLAFI and Maasim LGU, are piloting the enhanced curriculum with farmer members of Datal Basak Upland Farmers Association and Ho’lgad Oli Lamnok Kluwel Farmers Association, among other local groups. • Facilitating access to finance for United Maligang Farmers Multi-Purpose Cooperative in Kiamba, Sarangani. Protect Wildlife aided the cooperative’s efforts to secure a ₱3 million loan through the Foundation for a Sustainable Society, Inc. (FSSI) that they are now using as a working capital to operationalize their province-wide abaca consolidation and trading activities. Following release of the funding in November 2019, the coop began a mass purchasing effort, buying and consolidating abaca fiber from the municipal consolidators and walk-in farmers from across the province. The activity also provided various organizational and enterprise development trainings to

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build the coop’s capacity for strategic planning, policy formulation, and marketing. • Engaged Samahan ng mga Katutubong Palaw'an na Mangangalaga sa Kalikasan sa Sitio Babanga, Pinagtibukan It Palaw’an, and Bunyugen Menge Kepelewanan at Sowangan Quezon—southern Palawan people’s organizations whose membership is overwhelmingly from the Palaw’an tribe— in the Protect Wildlife’s successful partnership with Sunlight Foods Corporation, local LGUs and the Institute for the Development of Educational and Ecological Alternatives (IDEAS) to provide farmer members with opportunities to earn premium contract growing prices with Sunlight Foods Corporation by applying conservation-oriented upland farming methods to produce ube.

These and other progress updates and success stories are presented in more detail in the forthcoming field site reports.

Partnerships Under W-GDP Initiative

Beyond the technical support directly delivered under W-GDP through these partnerships, Protect Wildlife is striving to build sustainable connections between people’s organizations and partners’ leadership so that technical support can continue beyond the life of the activity. Partners from the public sector and civil society are contributing their respective expertise toward the initiative through technical support, training design and facilitation, and the design, operations and maintenance of processing equipment. Below, we present background on select partnerships, and close with a summary of the financing leveraged through each. • Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority, Maasim LGU and Conrado and Ladislawa Alcantara Foundation, Inc. for abaca production through technical assistance and the Climate Smart Farmers’ Field School. • Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization to introduce postharvest and processing improvements for agricultural commodities and provide support for procurement, management and maintenance of equipment. • Foundation for a Sustainable Society, Inc. on strengthening enterprise management capacity of partner people’s organizations and extending access to finance for microenterprises. • Philippine Department of Science and Technology and Industrial Technology (UP Biomech CEAT) shares designs and technical support for postharvest processing, including production of designs and support for procurement, management and maintenance of postharvest processing equipment for seaweed and other agricultural commodities. • World Bank’s Philippine Rural Development Project and the Department of Agriculture, to jointly implement technology training and application of appropriate practices for the cultivation and processing of major commodities, such as abaca, cacao and coffee in South Cotabato; and to develop a pool of para-technicians to expand service delivery in upland and indigenous communities.

64 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 TABLE 4: PARTNERSHIPS AND FUNDING LEVERAGED TO SUPPORT W-GDP INITIATIVE

Public Sector and CSO Partners in W-GDP Leveraged Value Agreement Date Philippine Rural Development Project (PRDP) ₱3,611,633 October 2019 Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority (PhilFIDA) 3,072,846 September 2019 Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PhilMech) 1,000,000 January 2020 Public Sector Sub-total ₱7,684,479 Conrado and Ladislawa Alcantara Foundation, Inc. (CLAFI) ₱5,000,000 September 2019 Coalition of Social Development Organizations in South Cotabato (CSDO-SC) 2,000,000 October 2019 USDA-funded PhilCAFE Project 2,592,100 February 2020 Foundation for a Sustainable Society, Inc. (FSSI) 1,00,000 November 2019 CSO/Donor-Funded Project Sub-total ₱10,592,100.00 TOTAL ₱18,276,579

Media Coverage

Protect Wildlife tapped major broadsheets and online news sites in the Philippines for coverage of its major activities (Annex B). These include the Philippine pangolin research in Palawan, the Philippine eagle expeditions in Pasonanca Natural Park, the launch of WildALERT, and other wildlife-related news where the activity was mentioned. The Protect Wildlife team was also sought for expert interviews for stories on the illegal wildlife trade crisis and the connection of wildlife trafficking to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Stories were generated through submitted pitches and media invitations to Protect Wildlife activities. Notable media pickups include front page and above-the-fold articles in Philippine Daily Inquirer, one of the largest and trusted national broadsheets and news websites in the country with a claimed daily reach of 2.7 million; BusinessMirror, a national business daily with a dedicated section to environment news every week; Palawan News, the leading English news website in Palawan province; and Mongabay, a global environmental news website with a claimed monthly reach of 1.92 million. The conduct of Zoohackathon 2019 was also covered by CNN Philippines, which is the leading English news broadcast in free-to-air TV in the country.

MANILA-BASED ACTIVITIES FROM YEAR 4, QUARTER 4

In the table below, Protect Wildlife presents activities led from the Manila office during April 1 to June 30, 2020 period.

TABLE 5: YEAR 4, QUARTER 4 PROGRESS REPORT IN MANILA

PARTNER SA ACTIVITIES DATES ORGANIZATIONS Submission to the DENR’s Office of the Undersecretary for Enforcement and Muslim Affairs the draft bill on creating the Environmental Protection May 2020 and Enforcement Bureau, for review by DENR-EPETF.

DENR-EPETF SA 5 Participation in workshops for the development of a communications plan June 24 to build broad-based support for the passage of the EPEB Bill filed in and 30, Congress. Messaging for internal and external audiences of the DENR were 2020 designed.

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PARTNER SA ACTIVITIES DATES ORGANIZATIONS Submission to DENR-BMB National Parks Division of the draft Rules on DENR-BMB SA 5 May 2020 Administrative Procedure for Protected Areas. Launch of a six-month engagement with Resources, Environment and DENR-BMB SA 3 Economics Center for Studies to design the curriculum and training May 2020 modules for DENR’s Protected Area Academy. Preliminary presentation of the analysis of seizure data on wildlife (and wildlife parts and by-products), covering a period of 10 years (2010-2019). May 26, The online presentation was a venue to validate data from DENR-BMB. 2020

DENR-BMB SA 5 Presentation of the report Wildlife from Forests to Cages: An Analysis of Wildlife Seizures in the Philippines to law enforcement agencies, including June 18, the Bureau of Customs, Philippine National Police Maritime Group, DA- 2020 BFAR, PCSDS and DENR-EPETF. Online review of WILDBase desktop and mobile app functions as part of the preparations for the online workshop with DENR-BMB and NWRRC staff. Protect Wildlife introduced the initial build of the cloud and mobile May 29, application to the technical working group involved in the inception planning 2020 workshop held last November 25 to 26, 2019.

DENR-BMB SA 5 Validation workshop of the alpha version of WILDBase to test its

functionalities and refine processes. Several walkthroughs were conducted

due to social distancing guidelines so that several wildlife keepers could use June 16- the app and provide feedback. The workshop was done online with the 23, 2020 consultant based in Palawan and the DENR participants gathered in two different venues at DENR-BMB to comply with social distancing rules. Partial uploading of wildlife inventory was done. Online meeting with DENR-BMB and BIOFIN on the status of the May 29, DENR-BMB preparation of local BSAPs and of the draft technical bulletin on BSAP 2020 localization. Meeting to review the objectives and the design of the planned training for wildlife handling and restraint techniques. It was decided to hold a training June 2, DENR-BMB SA 5 of trainers in the light of COVID-19 quarantine and mass gathering 2020 restrictions. Facilitation of Environmental Impact Assessment and Biodiversity Conservation Learning Event for DENR-BMB staff with DENR-EMB. Protect June 11, DENR-BMB SA 3 Wildlife presented improved Environmental Impact Assessment checklists 2020 for Environmentally Critical Projects, which included mining, renewable energy, land reclamation, and projects. Online briefing and refresher on the upgraded version of WildALERT for DENR-BMB, DENR Knowledge and Information Systems Service, Philippine Operations Group on Ivory and Illegal Wildlife, and Enforcement Divisions of selected DENR regional offices. This was followed by the field testing of June 16- DENR-BMB SA 5 the upgraded version, which was conducted in the regions and the NCR to 23, 2020 test the robustness of the app, the functionalities of the major upgrades and the interface of the app with the CRM. About 500 simulated reports from 8 regions were filed by the participants. Consultations for the development of the survey respondents list for the June DENR-BMB SA 5 CAPTURED study and the pre-test of the questionnaire. Initial interviews 2020 were conducted with selected government officials and enforcers.

66 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 PARTNER SA ACTIVITIES DATES ORGANIZATIONS Online consultation to assess previous training programs on fighting forest June 5, DENR-FMB SA 3 fires and the logistics and manpower capacities of the Bureau of Fire 2020 Protection and the DENR. Participation in the DENR-FMB Learning Event on REDD+ and Forest June 17, DENR-FMB SA 3 Reference Emission Level (FREL). Protect Wildlife served as lead discussants 2020 for FRELL and Greenhouse Gasses Inventory. Multi-agency meeting on intrusions of fishing vessels in the West Philippine Sea. This was attended by with the Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine Navy, the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency, National Security Council, June 9, DA-BFAR SA 5 and the Department of National Defense. Protect Wildlife provided several 2020 maps to DA-BFAR in line with its support to the five-year Enforcement Operations Plan and the Anti-Poaching Protocol. Meetings to discuss content of training designs for adult learning and May to DOJ SA 5 popular education techniques and how to deliver on the training given June limitations imposed by COVID-19 restrictions. 2020 Series of online assessment, mentoring and planning meetings for the refinement, adoption, operationalization, upgrading and roll-out of the BRAIN online permit system last May 1, 2020. The RESPONSE module also underwent the same process and was field tested. April to

PCSDS SA 5 June Online assessment of the BRAIN System with 25 participants, representing 2020 the central and district management offices of PCSDS. The assessment analyzed the performance of the BRAIN System since its launch in early May, identified challenges in its operations, and provided recommendations on how to improve the online permitting system. May to Smart SA 1, Series of coordination meetings on the development of environmental June Communications SA 2 education lessons and materials for the School in a Bag. 2020 Meeting with PCSDS for the review and finalization of the diorama models June PCSDS SA 1 and other procurement concerns for the Biodiversity Resource Center. 2020 Online workshops with Tubbataha Management Office staff on the June 9 Tubbataha development of a calibrated social media content strategy for Tubbataha and 19, Management Office Reefs Natural Park. 2020 Series of meetings with tarsier research team to discuss impacts of the May to UP Institute of Biology SA 4 community quarantine on the continuation of the research, and revise work June plans and timeline. 2020 Meetings to assess impact of COVID-19 on the conduct of Expedition 2 for June Philbio SA 4 Sulu hornbill research in Tawi-Tawi and revise work plan and timeline. 2020

PLANS FOR NEXT QUARTER

SA 1: Behavior Change Communication

Theory of Change Result: Foundational knowledge improved

• Assist DENR-BMB to develop a Facebook campaign on the link between CWT and zoonosis. • Assist DENR-BMB Wildlife Resources Division develop digital Wild and Alive materials for its website.

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• Provide inputs to the development of a BCC module for the Protected Area Academy. • Provide inputs to the development of modules for the Youth Eco-Camp for Santa Cruz Islands.

Theory of Change Result: Improved community attitudes toward conservation

• Continue development and deployment of School in a Bag materials to partner schools and agencies. • Design and complete preparations for the conduct of the end-line KAP survey for southern Palawan, Santa Cruz Islands and Glan in Sarangani Bay.

Theory of Change Result: Improved institutional and private sector attitudes toward conservation

• Monitor construction progress of Connected to the Wild traveling exhibit of The Mind Museum and prepare for target launch on November 2020.

SA 2: Conservation Financing

Theory of Change Result: Available financing arrangements are identified and realigned to support conservation

• Sign the partnership agreement with Smart Communications on School in a Bag. Also initiate discussions on potential agroforestry investment areas in Palawan. • Continue collaboration with ACDI/VOCA’s Philippine Coffee Advancement and Farm Enterprise (PhilCAFE) Project for the development of coffee production manual that integrates conservation-related practices. Provide advice to PhilCAFE on potential coffee expansion areas based on zoning plans of protected areas and forest lands in Region 12. • With PhilFIDA, complete the conservation-enhanced Climate Smart Farmers’ Field School training modules that were pilot tested in Sarangani, • Follow up with FSSI on funding support for farmers’ cooperatives in Sarangani for the rehabilitation of old and productive abaca areas and the development of new areas in production zones within Mount Busa local conservation area.

Theory of Change Result: Opportunities for new conservation financing arrangements identified and designed with partners

• Develop PES case studies based on the experience and lessons learned from Brooke’s Point, Palawan, Zamboanga City and Region 12. The case studies will highlight the technical assistance process and the actions taken by partners to establish PES schemes and to re-invest PES revenues into conservation. • Test and refine the PES training guidebook that is currently under development. This guidebook contains the training modules, instructions and templates that the activity developed for use of DENR and LGUs in scaling up PES development.

68 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Theory of Change Result: Government and CSOs initiate and implement financing arrangements

• For the implementation of the W-GDP Initiative, continue to coordinate with national agencies, CSOs, and the private sector in addressing organizational strengthening and enterprise development needs of target people’s organizations and community-based organizations in activity sites. • Facilitate the procurement of post-harvest and processing equipment for target people’s organizations and community-based organizations. • Initiate the development of at least two case studies on the empowerment of women in W- GDP-supported microenterprises.

SA 3: Conservation and Governance

Theory of Change Result: Increased capacity of relevant government agencies, protected area management boards and CSOs in integrated resource planning and management

• Continue technical support to DENR-FMB and DENR-BMB for the finalization of the following policies, guidelines, tools and documentation reports: ▪ National Greening Program management models and policy support for tenured and non- tenured beneficiaries; ▪ CAVCS policy, manuals (1, 2 and 3), templates for the preparation of Forest Carbon Project Plan and Forest Carbon Accomplishment Report; ▪ Policy on carbon sink program, validation and verification guidelines for independent third- party validators and verifiers of Forest Carbon Projects; ▪ Review of the draft FREL report and technical process documentation; ▪ Policy on almaciga tapping; ▪ Manual on the Prevention, Suppression, and Management of Forest and Grass Land Fires (and use it to train selected DENR-FMB trainers); ▪ Policy on the selection of management indicator species and flagship species; ▪ Technical Bulletin for the PBSAP localization and the draft manual. This will be done in collaboration with BIOFIN. The technical bulletin will standardize local BSAP preparation as well as DENR investment to its preparation; ▪ Environmental Impact Assessment checklists for Environmentally Critical Projects that integrates biodiversity conservation. • Support the development of the Terms of Reference for the service provider that DENR-FMB is procuring to upgrade the SMART-NGP module and tool, and arrange a Design-Thinking Workshop with DENR-FMB and selected DENR participants to discuss the inputs of DENR Regions to the Terms of Reference. • Coordinate with DENR-FMB the finalization of the training modules and materials for NGP extension officers, and how and when to simulate their use among the DENR-FMB-selected national NGP trainers. • Coordinate with DENR-FMB on the roll-out of the adjusted drone image processing and analysis training design in DENR Regions 3, 4B, 9 and 12. The roll-out results are good bases in

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submitting recommendations to the NGP on how drone technology can improve monitoring and evaluation of NGP areas, from seedling survival to productivity of the plantation sites, particularly those areas that are relatively difficult to access. • Continue to facilitate the coordination between DENR-FMB and DENR-BMB in preparing the following: ▪ Technical bulletin on harmonization of land and resource uses, definitions, and statistical reporting strategies. These will be important inputs to the training guides on FLUP and protected area management plan preparation that the activity is undertaking. ▪ Adjustments to the Biodiversity Monitoring System manual for its integration with the Lawin System. Protect Wildlife will continue to advise DENR-BMB and DENR-FMB on the finalization of the protected area-level list of management indicator species for use in the Lawin System and on the rationale behind shortlisting the species to a minimum number. The Lawin app can only accommodate a certain number of species, preferably those that stand the chance of getting observed in DENR-BMB’s biodiversity monitoring. • Continue the development of the Protected Area Academy curriculum, training modules for PASU and protected area rangers, course syllabi and instructional materials. • Continue assistance to the field teams in completing integrated FLUP and CLWUP (Palawan), FLUP (Palawan and Region 12), protected area and LCA management plans (Palawan and Region 12) and other related management planning and plan implementation activities in different sites. • Support the review of the Sustainable Forest Management Bill and advocacy activities of the Society of Filipino Foresters, Inc. for the passage of the bill in Congress.

Theory of Change Result: PAMB formulates improved policies for better protected area management

• Support teams in designing PAMB activities that are focused on policy development, implementation of strategies and activities per approved management plans, strengthening of internal operations and financing. Based on assistance of Protect Wildlife, and the wealth of lessons and experiences obtained by the technical working group and Protect Wildlife since assistance started in 2017, many policy concerns that are local in genesis but with national implications following the goals and strategies outlined in the Protected Area Masterplan are ready to be translated into policy. In coordination with DENR-BMB, site-based PAMB policy recommendations are for processing into end-of-project outputs. • Provide technical assistance in drafting protected area bills covering Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Natural Park. El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area, and Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary • Conduct preparatory activities and develop the design for the assessment of the performance of selected PAMBs using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool.

70 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 SA 4: Conservation Research

Theory of Change Result: Capacity of partner colleges and universities to leverage funds, do research and curriculum development, and disseminate research results increased

• Work with partner research institutions (Philbio, UP Institute of Biology, Philippine Eagle Foundation); colleges and universities (Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography); and graduate students in reviewing work plans, monitoring community quarantine guidelines in respective study sites, and identifying implementable options to complete and attain objectives of the researches in the midst of limitations posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. • Review completed research outputs and explore opportunities for the dissemination of results (on-line research presentations and webinars, social media posts, publications) that are relevant to policy, resource management and wildlife conservation actions. Develop research briefs and other information materials on research findings. • Monitor and document adoption and by partner colleges and universities of the curriculum, syllabi and instruction materials developed with Protect Wildlife assistance. Evaluate results of curriculum development initiatives of partner universities, particularly their contribution to enhancing conservation education. • Continue collaboration with PSCCJP in tracking the status of ELP syllabus adoption by its member colleges and universities.

SA 5: Wildlife Law Enforcement

Theory of Change Result: National and local enforcement capacity to detect, investigate, prosecute and adjudicate improved

• Support the DENR and NALECC-SCENR in advocating for the creation of the Environmental Protection and Enforcement Bureau to institutionalize and professionalize environmental law enforcement in DENR and that will support other law enforcement agencies in building their environmental law enforcement capacities. ▪ Assist in developing and implementing a strategic communications plan for the Office of the Undersecretary for Law Enforcement to help build support for the passage of the bill creating the EPEB. ▪ Provide technical assistance in developing basic and advanced level training designs that will standardize training courses for the proposed training academy under the EPEB. ▪ Provide technical assistance in developing an integrated enforcement operations manual of operations under the framework of the proposed EPEB. • Continue to support the DENR-BMB National Parks Division in finalizing the administrative adjudication regulations to improve the implementation of the ENIPAS law. • Support DENR-BMB in developing systems and deploying tools to identify and report wildlife crimes, and to improve the monitoring and care of wildlife that have been rescued or may be seized as part of CWT operations.

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▪ Present WildALERT to the DENR-BMB senior staff to update them on the status of the system. Finalize the development and roll out of the WildALERT System. Trainings on managing the taxonomic database, systems administration and a trainers training will be conducted to ensure the full optimization, operationalization and sustainability of WildALERT. The System will be rolled out in phases by the DENR to their field units, other law enforcement agencies and eventually, the public. ▪ Finalize and roll out the WILDBase System, a data management system that will keep track of wildlife surrendered or turn over to DENR-operated wildlife rescue centers and improve inventory monitoring at the rescue centers. ▪ Turn over an ultrasound machine and facilitate the procurement of an ambulance for NWRRC to improve the diagnostic care and transport of rescued or seized wildlife. As for the NWRRC, Protect Wildlife will also provide an engineering design that will provide a template for the phased development of a modern NWRRC as well as a visitor’s center that will educate the public on wildlife. ▪ In support of the Philippine government’s COVID-19 response plan based on the Inter- Agency Task Force Technical Working Group for Anticipatory and Forward Planning, conduct a trainer’s training on the proper handling of wildlife to designated DENR wildlife handlers across the regions. This training will focus on the management of rescue centers, wildlife biosafety handling protocols to minimize the possibility of zoonotic diseases, as well as the care and management of wildlife. Protect Wildlife will be providing wildlife handling equipment to DENR-BMB to be distributed to cover all regions. Equipment will include armored gloves, raptor gloves, wildlife tagging equipment, snake tongs, and other materials that would improve the restraint and handling of wildlife. • Continue supporting the BMB in analyzing trends in the illegal wildlife trade to improve policy and response mechanisms as part of the government’s CWT operations. ▪ Implement the CAPTURED study that will analyze what characteristics make certain wildlife and wildlife products desirable as a product in order to determine what could be the next series of products that will be part of the wildlife trade in the future. ▪ Finalize the data analysis report on wildlife law enforcement for the DENR-BMB to improve its understanding of trends in seizures of wildlife.

Theory of Change: Institutionalization of training programs at national level to provide continuing support to regional field teams

• Support the Department of Justice (DOJ) in conducting an online training of prosecutors on adult education and the use of popular education techniques to improve the capabilities of DOJ’s in-house trainers to teach environmental laws. Participants to this training will be prosecutors who have participated in previous technical trainings on environmental law and the prosecution of environmental crimes

72 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Theory of Change Result: National and local coordination mechanisms of enforcement authorities is strengthened

• Provide technical assistance to PCSDS to adopt, operationalize and deploy the BRAIN System and PALAWEEN to systematize and enhance enforcement responses of national agencies and local government units on environmental law enforcement in Palawan.

Theory of Change Result: Incidents of wildlife, forestry and fisheries crime are reduced

• Conduct focus group discussions and workshops to gather and analyze data to determine and document improved enforcement practices and capacities, and impacts of Protect Wildlife interventions at both site and national levels.

PALAWAN

In this section, Protect Wildlife presents activity highlights in Palawan for the year covering July 2019 to June 2020 and the activities scheduled for the remaining months—from July 1 to September 30, 2020— which are listed according to SA Theory of Change results.

HIGHLIGHTS FOR YEAR 4

Building on the strong partnerships and gains from the previous years, Protect Wildlife continued to implement the multi-pronged approaches toward supporting biodiversity conservation, enhancing ecosystem goods and services, and improving human well-being in Palawan. The following are the key highlights from Year 4 implementation: • Incentivizing compliance to approved zoning through increasing productivity in multiple-use zones of Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape and production zones of adjoining forest lands—while also supporting local livelihoods during the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and response; • Expanding activities in key conservation areas in central and northern Palawan, focusing on technical support to enhance conservation and management activities in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Cleopatra’s Needle Critical Habitat, and El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area; • Promoting the PES scheme in Brooke’s Point as a model of success being replicated in other municipalities such as Rizal, Sofronio Española, Narra, Taytay and San Vicente; and • Increasing awareness and support for conservation of important Palawan wildlife species, at the provincial, municipal and protected area levels by adopting flagship species, which serve as vessels to promote conservation and to act as symbols for pride of place.

Incentivizing compliance to approved zoning through increasing productivity in multiple- use zones of Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape and production zones of adjoining forest lands

Owing to its rich biodiversity and the challenges associated with inappropriate land-use and habitat fragmentation, Southern Palawan is Protect Wildlife’s key focal site in modeling an integrated landscape

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approach to land use planning with a protected area as the centerpiece. In partnership with key stakeholders, forest land use plans of five LGUs were completed as of June 2019 and the Mount Mantalingahan management plan was adopted in December 2019. As primary management tools for establishing responsibilities and accountabilities in managing and regulating land and resource uses in public lands, these plans aim to strengthen the protection of the protected area, the surrounding forest lands and wildlife habitats. These tools also promote sound forest resource management by ensuring that production activities are in balance with the goals of forest protection and biodiversity conservation. Moreover, these plans serve as basis for directing investments on forest restoration and soil and water conservation through assisted natural regeneration, agroforestry development and sustainable agriculture practices.

The zoning plan for the Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape and the FLUPs of five municipalities in southern Palawan shows a total of 81,787 hectares outside of the strict protection zone and other conservation areas that can potentially be developed as productions areas. Within these areas are about 17,000 households which are currently engaged in subsistence and small-scale farming. Crops commonly grown are upland rice, banana, root crops, and coconuts. It is not uncommon to find farmers who continue to practice uma or kaingin, or slash-and-burn agriculture, as this is a recognized practice of indigenous Palaw’an community.

There is significant potential to make these areas more productive and provide upland households with an alternative approach to farming that promise reliable income, with conservation co-benefits, while also incentivizing compliance with land use plans. Protect Wildlife is striving to help Mount Mantalingahan partner communities to make production zones more productive through a range of interventions including conservation agriculture and agroforestry. The goals of these interventions are to incentivize compliance with the zoning regime, to reduce inappropriate resource uses in protection zones, and to introduce sustainable practices and conservation agriculture skills. This is being implemented in collaboration with the five municipalities in southern Palawan, Mount Mantalingahan PAMO and PCSDS.

Germinating Interest in Agroforestry and Investing in Improved Livelihoods and Forest Cover

With a vision to increase forest cover, while also making a long-term investment in high-value fruit trees, Protect Wildlife launched an agroforestry initiative early in Year 4. This intervention entailed procurement and distribution of quality vegetable seeds and high-value fruit trees seedlings to farmers who are committed to plant and nurture them in farm lots and home gardens that are within the defined production areas. Prior to the distribution of vegetable seeds and fruit-tree seedlings, Protect Wildlife leads an orientation on the principles of agroforestry, agroforestry techniques and organic vegetable cultivation, followed by hands-on training on site preparation, and planting and maintenance of seedlings.

In September and October 2019, Protect Wildlife engaged 598 farmers in planting 40,000 durian seedlings across approximately 400 hectares. As of March 2020, 90 percent of the farmers were compliant with activity guidelines—planting appropriately-spaced durian in designated farm plots and following appropriate nurturing. Buoyed by the success, these farmers expressed interest in working

74 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Protect Wildlife engaged close to 600 farmers in 2019 to plant 40,000 durian tree seedlings across approximately 400 hectares of forest lands in southern Palawan. These farmers are looking forward to expand their farm plots with additional fruit tree seedlings of lanzones and rambutan.

with Protect Wildlife to expand their farm plots with additional fruit tree seedlings to be provided during the second round of support in early Year 5.

In time for 2020 planting season, Protect Wildlife is expanding the efforts to engage the tenured occupants of the protected landscape. Targeting the first round of beneficiaries, as well as new participants who reside within or near designated multiple-use zones in Sofronio Española, Brooke’s Point, Bataraza, Quezon and Rizal LGUs, Protect Wildlife launched the second stage of the agroforestry initiative in June 2020. This initiative is governed by a signed agreement between the farmers, the barangay chairpersons, and Protect Wildlife which outlines the responsibilities and commitments of all parties. Slated for an early launch—but postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions—the Palawan team planned an aggressive campaign to complete the orientation and training, reaching more than 1,500 farmers across an expansive area within a one-month time frame.

As of this report, orientation on site preparation and seedling handling is currently ongoing. The team expects to distribute 40,000 lanzones and 60,000 rambutan seedlings to the targeted 1,500 farmers in Sofronio Española, Brooke’s Point, Bataraza, Quezon and Rizal between July to September 2020. Protect Wildlife and LGU partners shall provide oversight and quality assurance of the planting process.

As a complement to the long-term investment in agroforestry, Protect Wildlife is also providing seeds and planting materials and training the same partners in organic vegetable farming. These short-term crops will reduce pressure to secure livelihood support through alternative, and potentially more destructive means. In November 2019, the activity led a training on organic vegetable production and provided basic farm tools and starter packs of an open-pollinated variety of vegetable seeds. The vegetables harvested from the farmers’ home gardens in April helped to augment limitations in food supply during the COVID-19 enhanced community quarantine period.

Alongside the second phase of the agroforestry initiative, Protect Wildlife will also provide the targeted farmers with the same support for organic vegetable farming—providing significant relief during the

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economic stagnation wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is expended to linger through the year and beyond.

Reaping Rewards of Hard Labor in Purple Yam Demonstration Farms

While the agroforestry initiative, a long-term investment in forest cover and livelihoods—will not bear fruit for years, Protect Wildlife’s partnership with Sunlight Foods and LGUs to produce ube using conservation-friendly methods is already generating returns for local farmer-beneficiaries. Through the partnership, Protect Wildlife provided target farmers’ groups with opportunities to earn premium contract growing prices with Sunlight Foods Corporation by applying conservation-oriented upland farming.

After toiling for ten months in their plots of purple yam, the members of the five people’s organizations who established purple yam demonstration farms harvested 6,430 kilos of ube in January 2020. The five demonstration farms harvested an average of 1,300 kilograms of ube, 80 percent of which were of size and quality for sale and processing. As part of the partnership agreement with local farmers, Sunlight Foods committed to purchase ube at 150 percent of the prevailing market price, ₱15 (US$0.30) per kilo, rather than ₱10 (US$ 0.20) per kilo. The total sales of ube—₱96,457.50 (US$1,887.60)—was distributed to the members commensurate to the level of effort that they contributed to the farms.

As a learning experience, these results of the first harvest provide an initial demonstration that conservation-friendly livelihoods are not only possible but can also be profitable. With continuing technical guidance, the farmers are expected to improve their farming practices to get better yields in the subsequent cropping seasons.

Inspired by the environmental and economic benefits of the ube initiative, the mayor of Brooke’s Point committed to assist Protect Wildlife and Sunlight Foods’ efforts to scale up ube production with technical and logistical support from the municipal agriculture office. In response to the request of farmers, the mayor committed to invest in a water system in Barangay Saraza to help local farmers meet water demands for ube production. Incidentally, the water system is part of the approved three-year work and financial plan for the PES re-investment—which Protect Wildlife supported. The system is to be developed in Macagua watershed within the calendar year. Barangay Saraza is within Macagua watershed, one of the three watersheds supplying water to the entire municipality of Brooke’s Point. Thus, the water system will serve both the ube farm and the domestic water needs of the community.

For the second cycle of planting, which started in March 2020, Sunlight Foods Corporation provided planting materials and conducted a re-orientation on ube propagation for Protect Wildlife’s initial five partner organizations and an orientation for members of the three people’s organizations in expansion sites. The activity is working with 82 member-farmers in the expansion sites, which are located in Barangay Malis in Brooke’s Point, Barangay Sowangan in Quezon, and Barangay Punta Baja in Rizal. The farmers planted the ube setts in April amidst the pandemic. Under the W-GDP Initiative, Protect Wildlife also invested in farm tools (iron digger, shovel, single-wedged bolo, garden hoe, water sprinkler) to help the women and men to efficiently complete their tasks in their organization’s respective communal farms. While the project’s support is primarily focused on the eight partner communal farms, 20 farmers in Saraza, Brooke’s Point cultivated ube in their individual farms.

76 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 To sustain ube production in southern Palawan, Protect Wildlife assisted Sunlight Foods Corporation in identifying and building a relationship with a local consolidator—the Institute for the Development of Educational and Ecological Alternatives. A duly registered cooperative organized and existing under the laws of the Philippines based in Quezon, Palawan, IDEAS promotes sustainable livelihoods through agriculture and enterprise development, utilizing appropriate technologies that will result in improved health status, increased and sustained productivity and increased income for marginalized men and women. As consolidator, IDEAS will link the farmer groups and Sunlight Foods through a range of approaches, including the following: • Monitoring ube farms and farmer associations covered by the ube contract growing scheme, ensuring compliance to the rules, quality and technical standards, and requirements prescribed in the sustainable agriculture code adhered to by the buyer; • Consolidating ube as per scheduled harvests, while executing proper handling, grading, packing, and tagging to ensure traceability; • Facilitating shipment and record retention for harvest data, traceability records, acknowledgement receipts, while also tracking transport costs from farm gate to consolidation point for reimbursement by Sunlight Foods Corporation.

Through Protect Wildlife support, IDEAS and Sunlight Foods Corporation fully executed a partnership agreement on these terms in June 2020—laying the legal groundwork for them to sustain and expand the ube initiative following the closure of Protect Wildlife.

Expansion of technical support to key conservation areas in central and northern Palawan

Building on its experiences in southern Palawan, Protect Wildlife expanded its assistance for conservation planning and management activities to central and northern Palawan. The activity currently provides technical assistance to Cleopatra’s Needle Critical Habitat and Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park in central Palawan, and to El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area in northern Palawan. These three protection and conservation areas collectively have a total area of 150,030 hectares. Consequently, El Nido LGU was targeted for a pilot activity on the integration of land uses in forest lands and protected area into the comprehensive land and water use plan (CLWUP).

Cleopatra’s Needle Critical Habitat

With an area of 41,350 hectares, Cleopatra’s Needle is one of the oldest and most diverse forests in the country. Its intact forests are home to threatened endemic species, including the Palawan hornbill, Palawan peacock-pheasant, Palawan flycatcher, Palawan bearcat, Palawan bearded pig and Palawan flying squirrel. It is also home to majority of the indigenous Batak population in Palawan, who are highly dependent on its ecosystem services for their well-being.

Protect Wildlife launched efforts to strengthen management of Cleopatra’s Needle in January 2019 with an orientation for the technical working group on the planning process and the assistance to be provided by the activity. Given the centrality of the indigenous communities to Cleopatra’s Needle, Protect Wildlife adopted stakeholder collaboration and participatory processes as core guiding principles for management planning. With the technical working group, Protect Wildlife engaged the barangay, community and indigenous people’s stakeholders not only in data gathering and validation,

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An important home to endemic Palawan wildlife, as well as to Batak and Tagbanua communities, Cleopatra’s Needle will soon have a management plan that will serve as a roadmap for effectively protecting this critical habitat.

group discussions, and participatory mapping, but also in reviewing the plan. Protect Wildlife and the technical working group also committed to ensure that once established (upon completion of the management plan), the Cleopatra’s Needle management board will include representation from stakeholder groups, including the three indigenous people’s communities.

Beyond engagement and representation on an eventual management board, Protect Wildlife sought to ensure that traditional economic activities practiced by Batak and Tagbanua communities, such as the collection of bagtik, or resin from the almaciga tree (Agathis philippinensis), were addressed through the management plan and zoning. One of the several strategies identified in the draft plan is the protection and conservation of habitat of priority threatened species, including almaciga. The plan includes forest rehabilitation and restoration activities, sustainable livelihood, behavior change communication, and research, development and extension activities on the protection of almaciga trees and on sustainable tapping methods. Specific actions outlined in the plan include the following: • Mapping and assessment of almaciga areas as basis for formulation of almaciga management plans; • Establishment and maintenance of a nursey for almaciga and other indigenous species; • Training to improve almaciga tapping technique and resin quality classification; and • Awareness campaigns for priority threatened species in Cleopatra’s Needle, including almaciga.

As of this writing, the first ever management plan for Cleopatra’s Needle Critical Habitat is in the final stages of refinement and is expected to be submitted for adoption by the interim management committee in August 2020. Protect Wildlife and partners at the Puerto Princesa City LGU are demonstrating an approach that could serve as a model for meaningful engagement of IP communities in critical habitat management planning.

78 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 In Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Protect Wildlife provided technical assistance in cave management and maintenance plans, analysis of PES opportunities, and identification of management indicator species.

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

Immediately adjacent to Cleopatra’s Needle is Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, a 22,202-hectare World Heritage site that is under the management of the City Government of Puerto Princesa. Early in Year 4, Protect Wildlife committed to lead three technical assessments that would inform development of the updated management plan for the national park: a review of the cave management and maintenance plans and tourism operations, an analysis of PES opportunities within the national park, and the identification of a management indicator species that may be monitored as a proxy for the ecosystem’s health.

Protecting the Crown Jewel of the National Park: Cave Management and Maintenance. Protect Wildlife launched the cave assessment activities in October 2019 with international cave management expert, Dr. George Veni of the U.S. National Cave and Karst Research Institute. With focus on the underground river and four caves within the park, the study involved visits to the caves, discussions with staff, review of data, observation of tourism operations and interviews with visitors. Through the assessment, Dr. Veni recommended the following measures to the park’s management office: • Allocate funds for research and study, among other topics: ▪ Mapping the diversity and range of cave species ▪ Carrying capacity of the cave which currently receives a maximum of 1,200 daily visitors, with focus on impacts of tourism on the caves’ bats and bird inhabitants; and ▪ Fungus observed on the floor of two caves, which could pose health risks. • Develop a management plan for the Cabayugan River watershed, the source of water of the underground river. • Diversify attractions (i.e., hiking trails to other caves, longer paddle boat tours) with set carrying capacities for each attraction and improved tourist amenities to enhance visitor experience. • Improve the environmental messaging for the public and for tourist participation in park preservation. • Put in place measures for safety and emergencies.

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Along with these recommendations, the report identified immediate, second-level and long-term actions that park officials may use when finalizing their updated management plan.

Exploring the Potential for PES to Contribute to Natural Resource Management. The second assessment pertained to the PES opportunities in the PPSRNP. As a World Heritage site that drew nearly 300,000 visitors in 2018, the park generates significant resources through tourism fees. The annual collections— approximately ₱20 million—address the full cost of the park’s tourism operations and management. The revenue is not sufficient, however, to meet the actual costs of protecting and managing its natural assets—which are most critical to ensuring that the park remains a tourism draw and provides the ecosystem goods and services on which the local communities depend.

Protect Wildlife’s assessment was designed to identify opportunities to supplement the tourism fees, and help park officials to mobilize PES schemes and plough back funding into natural resource management and conservation. Protect Wildlife launched support in November 2019 with an orientation on establishing PES schemes. The orientation drew representatives from the various enterprises that are dependent on the park’s ecosystem goods and services, including hotels, resorts, restaurants, transportation services, souvenir shops, and community-based tourism associations.

The orientation provided both the theoretical and operational guidelines for establishing PES schemes and operationalizing them in the park in partnership with PCSDS, DENR, protected area management board members, communities, and the public and private enterprises. Following the activity, 19 establishments signed letters of intent to signify their willingness to learn and develop PES scheme with the objective of contributing to the protection, rehabilitation and management of the park. The orientation was followed by a workshop on resource valuation and cost and revenue analysis in February 2020. In this activity, Protect Wildlife and partners agreed to conduct a willingness-to-pay survey among tourists. The activity launched the first phase of cost and revenue analysis—assessing the enterprises’ operations to assess financial health and capacity to contribute to PES funds. The subsequent activity—to conduct the survey and to complete a full cost and revenue analysis in partnership with the 19 enterprises that signaled their intent to establish a PES scheme—was scheduled for the fourth quarter, but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Presently, Protect Wildlife is re-designing this and subsequent PES modules in collaboration with PCSDS and PAMO officials, who will facilitate the remaining sessions when the local tourism industry recovers from the pandemic.

Monitoring Ecosystem Well-Being through Proxy Management Indicator Species. Another relevant undertaking in the park is the identification of management indicator species and related life forms. Indicator species are widely used in biodiversity conservation to detect and monitor changes in the ecosystem. At present, there is no common methodology for selecting indicator species for protected areas in the Philippines. Indicator species can serve as a window to the current status of the ecosystem in that their presence and status, or changes thereof may help managers to detect and predict physical or chemical changes in the environment, the status of other species they directly or indirectly interact with, impacts

80 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 of natural or anthropogenic events, and many other related elements that may tell the story of their environment.4

Through its partner Center for Conservation Innovations, Protect Wildlife shall develop and test a methodological framework to identify management indicator species; identify habitat change predictors and develop a species-focused habitat change model; develop a habitat evaluation model; and develop and facilitate a training program on management indicator species methodology and habitat modeling for park staff, LGU officials, and stakeholders.

Initially, the following six species were identified as best candidate indicators for the park: Palawan peacock-pheasant, falcated wren-babbler, spot-throated flameback, red-headed flameback, blue-headed racket-tail, and Palawan tit. By its conclusion, Protect Wildlife aims to build local capacity and identify, from the initial six, an actual indicator species. The full intent of the initiative is much broader. Protect Wildlife seeks to establish a methodology and an implementation guide for selection of priority species for conservation management (i.e., indicator species and flagship species) that can be used as references by the DENR, LGUs and other stakeholders across the Philippines. The activity is ongoing and slated for completion by the second quarter of Year 5.

El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area

El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area covers terrestrial and marine ecosystems with a total area of 90,321 hectares, 42 percent of which is terrestrial and 58 percent is marine. The management board created a technical working group on protected area management planning in July 2019. To complement Malampaya Foundation’s efforts to update the marine portion of the protected area’s 2013 interim management plan, in 2019, Protect Wildlife began to support the management planning for the El Nido-Taytay’s terrestrial portions. The activity conducted this support alongside its efforts to prepare El Nido’s FLUP and the integration of the FLUP and protected area management plan into its comprehensive and water use plan.

The preparation of the CLWUP and FLUP of the municipality of El Nido provides an opportunity for the protected area management plan to be fully integrated and harmonized with these LGUs’ plans. This approach, which is anchored on integrated environmental management, enables officials to coordinate management across an entire seascape and landscape that is comprised of the protected area, forest

4 Hill MO. 1979. TWINSPAN - a FORTRAN Program for Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University. Landres PB, Verner J, Thomas JW. 1988.Ecological Uses of Vertebrate Indicator Species: A Critique. Conservation Biology. 2(4):316–328. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1988.tb00195.x Cairns Jr J, Pratt JR. 1993. A history of biological monitoring using benthic macroinvertebrates. In: Rosenberg DM, Resh VH. Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macroinvertebrates. New York: Chapman and Hall: 10–27. Burger J. 2006. Bioindicators: Types, Development, and Use in Ecological Assessment and Research. Environmental Bioindicators.1(1):22–39. doi:10.1080/15555270590966483 Dufrene M, Legendre P. 1997. Species Assemblages and Indicator Species: The Need for a Flexible Asymmetrical Approach. Ecological Monographs. 67(3):345.doi:10.2307/2963459 De Cáceres M, Legendre P, Moretti M. 2010. Improving indicator species analysis by combining groups of sites. Oikos. 119(10): 1674-1684.

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lands, alienable and disposable land, and municipal waters. Under this approach, the various plans will ascribe to consistent zoning and policies and share common restrictions on land and resource use. This unified approach creates a through-line through the various plans, eliminating confusion on behalf of enforcers who cross park boundaries, and providing consistency demanded by investors seeking permits to use the land and resources.

Protect Wildlife convened a series of protected area planning workshops between August 2019 and January 2020. The final output is a management plan covering the years 2020-2029, as an updated version of the interim management plan prepared in 2013. Early in Year 5, Protect Wildlife will convene the technical working group to review the draft, make necessary revisions and present it, through the PASu, to the PAMB for adoption.

Promoting and replicating a model of success on PES

As featured in Quarterly Progress Report 12, Protect Wildlife has helped Brooke’s Point LGU to operationalize a PES scheme, which has become a model for how a local government, communities, enterprises and other organizations can work together to leverage sustainable financing for watershed management and conservation, and how stakeholders from different sectors can be motivated to participate and invest in local-led efforts to protect their natural resource base. In Year 4, Brooke’s Point LGU began its first plough-back activities, to purchase a five-hectare residential lot for relocation of affected households within river easements in Macagua watershed; construct five Level 2 water systems; repair a hanging bridge traversing Cabinbin River in Tigaplan watershed; and design watershed monitoring stations in Macagua and Tigaplan watersheds. For these initial projects, the local government allocated approximately ₱3 million (US$59,000).

Within Palawan, other local governments are following Protect Wildlife’s success with Brooke’s Point and are working to develop their own PES schemes. All these LGUs have enacted ordinances that provide for PES, except for San Vicente. • Rizal has also begun collecting PES from their water consumers with a total accumulated collection of ₱407,809.71 as of June 2020. The Rizal local government has completed and approved its ring-fencing guidelines, business plan, and work and financial plan for PES re- investment in Malambunga watershed. Moving forward, Rizal waterworks management aims to intensify collection efforts, improve its financial management system by fully implementing the financial management guidelines and to provide incentives to the stewards of the water source through reinvestments in their communities. Under the leadership of the MENRO, the priority activities in Malambunga watershed for 2020 are the establishment of nursery for enrichment planting, agroforestry and support to livelihood for the local communities. • Taytay is currently finalizing its business plan and its ring-fencing process. As of December 2019, Taytay waterworks’ total PES collection was ₱66,900.00. USAID’s Safe Water activity is transitioning to build on Protect Wildlife’s initiatives in Taytay. • Narra municipality has drafted financial management guidelines for the water operation and PES revenues. • San Vicente is in the initial stages of the preparation of the business plan, which is slated for completion by end of September 2020.

82 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 • Sofronio Española, with Protect Wildlife support, completed draft financial management guidelines for its ring-fenced water utility account and is slated to finalize its business plan in the first quarter of Year 5. • Bataraza’s water utility, while not yet fully operational, has already collaborated with Protect Wildlife to prepare a draft business plan and ring-fence its water utility accounts. These will serve as their reference once the water system becomes fully operational.

Increasing awareness and support to conservation of important Palawan wildlife species

With Protect Wildlife support, the Provincial Board issued an ordinance in February 2019, enjoining municipalities to identify flagship species and provide protection mechanisms. Protect Wildlife is helping to mobilize declaration of flagship species as a platform for communicating biodiversity conservation messages to various types of audiences and reinforce the importance of Tabon bird or Philippine megapode wildlife and habitat protection in line with management plans. (Megapodius cumingii), flagship species This is the case with the Palawan peacock pheasant (Polyplectron of Quezon, Palawan napoleonis) as the emblem of Puerto Princesa City for decades; the Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia) as Narra’s symbol of pride of place; and Makmak, the blue-naped parrot (Tanygnathus lucionensis) of Brooke’s Point as the ambassador for several behavior change campaigns in the last two years.

Guided by the Palawan provincial government’s ordinance that prescribes guidelines for the selection and declaration of flagship species of each municipality, in Year 4, several municipalities Palawan hill mynah or kiyaw identified their respective flagship species through ordinances (Gracula religiosa palawanensis), flagship and resolutions, including Quezon, Bataraza, Rizal, Balabac, species of Rizal, Palawan Dumaran, and Roxas. The province also declared its own flagship species. Select declarations, with details on the flagship species and efforts to protect them and raise awareness, are presented below.

Quezon’s Tabon Bird. Quezon’s municipal ordinance declared the Philippine megapode (Megapodius cumingii) or tabon bird as the municipality’s flagship species. The tabon bird brings a strong connection with the culture and history of Quezon. The historic

Tabon caves complex in Quezon—where the oldest known Balabac mouse-deer or pilandok Homo sapien fossil in the Philippines was discovered—was (Tragulus nigricans), flagship species of named after this bird. According to the International Union for Balabac, Palawan Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the tabon bird’s population trend is decreasing; although it is not being traded illegally, the survival of its hatchlings in the wild is low due to human

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consumption, disturbance of nesting sites, mangrove conversion, and informal settlements in the shoreline.

To help ensure the effective implementation of the ordinance, the office of the mayor created the Tabon Bird Implementing Team composed of LGU representatives, PCSDS, DENR, Philippine National Police, deputized WEOs, Department of Education, Palawan State University and Western Philippines University. A fund of ₱300,000 was appropriated for the initial implementation of the ordinance. In February 2020, the implementing team developed an action plan for tabon bird conservation with the goal of “protecting and conserving the tabon bird and its habitat in order to maintain its IUCN status as least concern; enhance its ecological, cultural and historical relevance that will evoke the sense of pride and stewardship among Quezonians.” Environmental education and awareness, BCC campaigns, research, habitat management and enforcement are key components of the action plan. The action plan is the basis for the LGU’s annual appropriation to be allocated to support its implementation.

Rizal’s Palawan Hill Myna. In December 2019, the municipality of Rizal adopted an ordinance declaring the Palawan hill myna (Gracula religiosa palawanensis) as their flagship species. The hill myna is one of the most popular avian pets in Asia, owing to its ability to mimic noises and human speech; it is traded in large numbers both locally and internationally. It is included in the IUCN red list of threatened bird species. Rizal is one of the major sources of hill myna pet trade, thus the ordinance is aimed at strengthening enforcement. Through the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office, deputized WEOs in Rizal are closely working with the PCSDS enforcement team, Philippine National Police, the DENR-CENRO forest protection officers and Mount Mantalingahan rangers in addressing wildlife collection and trade. Under the PES re-investment plan for example, they are hiring additional enforcement officers to augment the existing human resource of the LGU.

Balabac’s Mouse-deer. Balabac’s flagship species is the Balabac mouse-deer (Tragulus nigricans) or pilandok. The species is a small, nocturnal ruminant which is endemic to Balabac. It is enlisted by IUCN as endangered. Protect Wildlife and PCSDS supported local officials’ efforts to develop a draft species action plan, with priority actions to strengthen enforcement against habitat destruction that heavily impacts the pilandok. PCSDS will continue to support research on the biology and ecology of the species. Currently, PCSDS, in collaboration with the municipal LGU, is conducting information campaigns on the Wildlife Act and the ecological importance of the mousedeer and the other important species in Balabac, such as the saltwater crocodile.

Palawan Province’s Pangolin

At the provincial level, the Philippine pangolin is Palawan’s flagship species, as explicitly written in the vision for the Philippine pangolin conservation roadmap approved by the PCSDS in February 2020. To implement the roadmap, a Sub-Committee on Pangolin Conservation and Management was created by PCSDS under its mandate in the implementation of the Philippine Wildlife Act in Palawan and as CITES management authority in the province. The enhancement, finalization and approval of the pangolin conservation roadmap were prompted by the results of Protect Wildlife’s study on the abundance of Philippine pangolins through ground surveys, camera traps and local knowledge surveys in Victoria- Anepahan mountain range, which covers the municipalities of Narra, Quezon and Aborlan, and Puerto Princesa City.

84 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Research findings and stock-taking of pangolin-related studies by various groups were used to inform selection of the following priority actions for the Philippine pangolin conservation roadmap: • Declare the Philippine pangolin as the provincial flagship species • Forge an inter-LGU agreement to manage the Victoria-Anepahan mountain range as a conservation area; • Enhance training for wildlife law enforcers to develop skills, such as detecting concealment methods for pangolin scales; • Streamline rescue and confiscation protocols; and • Train local dogs, particularly aspins, for detecting illegal pangolin trade at airports and seaports.

The sub-committee is tasked to ensure that the implementation of the Philippine pangolin conservation strategy is monitored and evaluated. The sub-committee is also expected to implement appropriate and immediate measures in response to specific issues.

Several other municipalities— Araceli, Brooke’s Point, Cuyo, El Nido, San Vicente, Sofronio Española, and Taytay—are continuing work with Protect Wildlife and PCSDS to select and declare their respective flagship species. The protected areas in Palawan are also adopting their flagship species. The Philippine cockatoo is clearly the key species of Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Narra. El Nido-Taytay has adopted the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park chose the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), which used to be common in Philippine waters but are now largely limited to Tubbataha. Mount Mantalingahan has proposed the Palawan scops owl (Otus fuligenosus palawanensis).

PALAWAN ACTIVITIES FROM YEAR 4, QUARTER 4

In the table below, Protect Wildlife presents activities implemented within the April 1 to June 30, 2020 period.

TABLE 6: YEAR 4, QUARTER 4 PROGRESS REPORT IN PALAWAN

FOCAL AREAS / SA ACTIVITIES DATE PARTNERS Retrieval of camera traps in El Nido-Taytay and uploading SA 3 May 2020 of imageries into the Wildlife Insights platform for analysis. Drafting of El Nido FLUP and CLWUP based on data sets SA 3 generated from series of technical working group May-June, 2020 El Nido-Taytay workshops in 2019 to 2020. Presentation by Environmental Legal Assistance Center of SA 5 the draft protected area bill and enforcement protocol to June 25, 2020 members of the El Nido-Taytay management board. Monitoring of ube farm planting activities and introductory visit of IDEAS to people’s organization partners in ube Mount Mantalingahan SA 2 production. IDEAS was selected by Sunlight Foods May-June 2020 Corporation to be its ube consolidator in southern Palawan. Online training on acceptance sampling of fruit tree SA 2, seedlings for Davao-based staff who were assigned to May 14, 2020 SA 3 undertake sampling at supplier’s nursery. The inspection

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FOCAL AREAS / SA ACTIVITIES DATE PARTNERS and acceptance sampling in Davao City was held in June 1 to 5. Setup of 30 camera traps in Mount Mantalingahan, the SA 3 third and last site for the Wildlife Insights data gathering. June 8-14, 2020 The camera traps will be retrieved in July. Enforcement assessment workshop and mentoring of wildlife enforcement officers in Quezon, Rizal, Brooke’s SA 5 June 10-11, 2020 Point and Sofronio Española facilitated by Environmental Legal Assistance Center. Online refresher training on conservation-based SA 2 June 16, 2020 agroforestry for Palawan staff. Orientation on conservation agriculture and agroforestry in preparation for planting of high value fruit trees in SA 2, support of restoring Mount Mantalingahan and adjoining June 16-30, 2020 SA 3 forest lands in southern Palawan. Municipalities covered as of June 30, 2020 were Brooke’s Point and Sofronio Espaňola. Organizational and enterprise readiness assessment of the SA 2 three indigenous peoples organizations in the expansion June 23-25, 2020 sites for ube production Two-part online workshop with Tubbataha Management Tubbataha Reefs SA 1 Office on the development of a calibrated social media June 9 and 24, 2020 Natural Park content strategy for Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park. Focus group discussion facilitated by Environmental Legal Rasa Island Wildlife Assistance Center on the protected area bill of Rasa Island SA 5 June 19, 2020 Sanctuary Wildlife Sanctuary. Inputs and comments on the draft bill were solicited from members of the management board. Series of online meetings with PCSDS staff on the diorama SA 1 models and other procurement requirements for the May-June 2020 PCSD Biodiversity Resource Center. Continuing participation and support to the assessment of the BRAIN online permitting system and the field testing of RESPONSE and case development modules with wildlife Palawan / PCSDS trafficking monitoring units and WEOs. Last June 2, an online assessment of the BRAIN System was held with 25 SA 5 April-June 2020 participants from the central and district management offices of PCSD to analyze the performance of the system since its launch in early May, identified challenges in its operations, and provided recommendations on improvements and upgrades to the system. Secured technical support of the municipal engineer of Quezon for the construction of floating seaweed dryers for W-GDP partners in Barangays Isugod and Aramaywan. Quezon LGU SA 2 June 2020 Local officials confirmed that the proposed location for the dryer construction was compliant with LGU coastal zoning regulations.

PLANS FOR NEXT QUARTER

SA 1: Behavior Change Communication

86 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Theory of Change Result: Foundational knowledge improved

• Continue to assist PCSDS in developing biodiversity conservation messages for the Biodiversity Resource Center, a facility that will serve as an environmental education hub highlighting the value of biodiversity in Palawan and the threats it faces, such as wildlife crimes. Facilitate the provision of information and communication equipment and materials to the center.

Theory of Change Result: Improved community attitudes toward conservation

• Finalize and produce the signages and information materials for the Palawan Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center in Puerto Princesa City. • Deploy School in a Bag materials to selected schools in the province. • Assist PCSDS in developing a campaign to support its conservation program for the Philippine pangolin, using the Protect Wildlife-funded pangolin study as input. • Collaborate with Mount Mantalingahan PAMO staff to expand the Kagubatan ay Kinabukasan (Our Forest is Our Future) thematic campaign, which previously focused on ecosystem services. Messages on zoning will be incorporated into the campaign. • Finalize arrangements for the conduct of end-line KAP survey in Southern Palawan.

Theory of Change Result: Improved institutional and private sector attitudes toward conservation

• Continue to provide guidance to PCSDS in scaling up Wild and Alive campaign in transport terminals in other wildlife trafficking hotspots in the province (e.g., Busuanga, Brooke’s Point, Buliluyan, Rio Tuba, Taytay, El Nido and Coron) • Install billboard for Rizal focused on water users.

SA 2: Conservation Financing

Theory of Change Result: Available conservation financing arrangements are identified and realigned to support conservation

• Assist PCSDS in completing the draft provincial policy for PES in Palawan. By providing PES modules and through virtual mentoring, assist the PCSDS team develop a technical assistance strategy for interested LGUs and establishments.

Theory of Change Result: Government and CSOs implement financing arrangements

• Assist Taytay LGU to finalize the business plan for their waterworks systems and adopt ring- fencing and PES fund management guidelines that include re-investment of PES revenues in conservation activities. Also assist San Vicente LGU draft its waterworks business plan. • If conditions allow and tourism operations in the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park resume, continue the PES assistance to ecosystem-linked enterprises in the park.

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Theory of Change Result: Existing and new funds established for investments supporting biodiversity conservation

• Monitor PES revenue generation and utilization of Protect Wildlife-assisted PES initiatives in Palawan and document PES revenue re-investment activities and results.

Theory of Change Result: Improved value chains for livelihoods and enterprises generates revenues

• Complete the refresher training on conservation-based agroforestry to the first batch of agroforestry beneficiaries and training to a new batch of agroforestry beneficiaries in the multiple-use and traditional-use zones of Mount Mantalingahan and Cleopatra’s Needle. • Facilitate the distribution of high-value fruit tree seedlings to pre-identified farmer cooperators who have undergone training on conservation agriculture and agroforestry. • Continue to monitor ube farm plots in southern Palawan in collaboration with IDEAS. • Complete the construction and the turn-over of floating seaweed dryers to two coastal people’s organizations and provide guidance in the development and adoption of guidelines for the operations and maintenance of these facilities. • Provide processing equipment (e.g., cassava graters) and facility improvement support to selected POs to enable them to diversify their livelihood activities. • Initiate the conduct of organizational strengthening and enterprise management training to target people’s organizations in southern Palawan.

Theory of Change Result: Social, economic and environmental benefits from communities, revenue for LGUs and profit/goodwill for private sector generated

• Validate the number of men and women, and household members benefiting from Protect Wildlife-supported livelihood and microenterprise initiatives, as well as other assistance that contributes to economic benefits, and document benefit flows. • Develop a case study for W-GDP, highlighting private sector engagement in the ube production activities of people’s organizations in southern Palawan.

SA 3: Conservation and Governance

Theory of Change Result: Increased capacity of relevant government agencies, LGUs, PAMBs and CSOs in integrated resource planning and management

• Facilitate the completion of the El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area management plan and the FLUP of El Nido, with clear implementation and financing arrangements. • Facilitate the completion of the management plan for Cleopatra’s Needle Critical Habitat and its endorsement to the Puerto Princesa city council. • Complete the remaining modules for the pilot integration of land uses in forest lands and protected areas into the CLWUP of Bataraza and El Nido. Learnings from these two LGUs will

88 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 be inputs to the refinement of guidelines for enhanced FLUP and protected area planning processes. • Conduct drone image processing and analysis training program for DENR and partner agencies.

Theory of Change Result: LGUs co-lead with DENR in conservation and enforcement efforts

• With LGUs, CENROs and PCSDS, facilitate the formulation of unified enforcement plans for the Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, El Nido-Taytay Management Resource Protected Area, Cleopatra’s Needle Critical Habitat and Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. Facilitate the development and adoption of enforcement coordination protocols that will serve as a guide to all enforcement units and agencies operating in these protected areas.

Theory of Change Result: PAMB formulates improved policies for better protected area management

• Complete the standardized camera trap deployment in Mount Mantalingahan for Wildlife Insights and support the analysis of camera trap data generated in three protected areas in Palawan to assess species populations as indicators of conservation effectiveness. • Monitor and review outputs of the research study under contract with the Center for Conservation Innovations on the identification of the management indicator species for Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, and the preparation of Habitat Change Model and Habitat Evaluation Model.

Theory of Change Result: Professional development of WEOs, enforcement groups and LGU zoning officers is supported

• Train additional LGU-based and community WEOs in southern Palawan, El Nido and Puerto Princesa City and facilitate their deputation by the PAMB or PCSDS.

SA 4: Conservation Research

Theory of Change Result: Capacity of universities and local research organizations to leverage funds, do research and curriculum development, and disseminate research results increased

• Provide technical assistance to partner universities in Palawan to complete the development of ELP teaching tools and materials (i.e., Palawan State University) and preparation of marine biology laboratory manual (i.e., Western Philippines University). • Monitor and document adoption by partner universities of the curriculum, syllabi and instruction materials developed with Protect Wildlife assistance. Evaluate results of curriculum development initiatives of partner universities, particularly their contribution to enhancing conservation education.

Theory of Change Result: Science-based information for policy-makers, program designers and enforcement agencies produced

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• Present the results of the Philippine pangolin study to LGUs and local stakeholders in Victoria- Anepahan Mountain Range. • Actively participate in meetings and support activities of the subcommittee on Pangolin conservation and management of the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development. • Complete the collection of data and documentation of interviews with various actors in the wildlife trade in Palawan for the CAPTURED study.

SA 5: Wildlife Law Enforcement

Theory of Change Result: National and local law enforcement capacity improved

• Assist municipal LGUs adopt policies to protect threatened species and wildlife habitats. • Follow up with the municipal councils of concerned LGUs the enactment of fisheries ordinances that the activity helped draft. • Continue support in the development and upgrading of the BRAIN System (Module 3) of PCSDS with concurrent field testing and mentoring for the online permitting, online case filing, and RESPONSE modules. • Support the development of protected area bills for Mount Mantalingahan, Rasa Island, El Nido- Taytay and Malampaya Sound. • With SA 1, support the establishment of an evidence museum and the PCSDS Biodiversity Resource Center.

Theory of Change Result: Local enforcement improved

• Continue to collect and analyze data on enforcement actions to assess enforcement performance and results of technical assistance.

ZAMBOANGA CITY-SULU ARCHIPELAGO

In this section, Protect Wildlife presents activity highlights in Zamboanga City-Sulu Archipelago from July 2019 to June 2020 and a preview of priority activities scheduled for the next quarter, July 1 to September 30, 2020, which are listed according to SA Theory of Change results. This will also be the final quarter of implementation in Zamboanga City and the Sulu Archipelago. Activities will be focused on handing over ongoing initiatives to local partners and executing closeout of field site offices.

HIGHLIGHTS FOR YEAR 4

Year 4 highlights from the Zamboanga City-Sulu Archipelago site include: • Helping to create a model for adapting Philippine Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan goals and targets for local execution—creating a central platform, the Zamboanga City BSAP, with a uniform definition of biodiversity assets that pulls together biodiversity linkages from across the various management plans supported under Protect Wildlife; • Launching support for delineation and demarcation of Pasonanca Natural Park and Santa Cruz Islands—core actions to support compliance with zoning regimes; and

90 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 • Marking scientific discoveries on the critically endangered and iconic Philippine eagle and Sulu hornbill, among other findings from Protect Wildlife-supported research initiatives.

These and other highlights are presented in more detail in the following sections.

Placing More Than 83,000 Hectares of Biologically Significant Area Under Improved Management, through New Management Plans in Zamboanga City—Helping to Secure Critical Ecosystem Goods and Services

In addition to challenges wrought by climate change—precipitation extremes characterized by longer periods of drought interspersed with periods of intense rainfall, and the impacts of seal level rise and extreme sea level events on coastal communities—2020 introduced new challenges, the global pandemic being foremost among them, to local economies and livelihoods that have touched communities throughout the Philippines, including Zamboanga City. In this time of uncertainty, the integrity of local ecosystems’ regulating and provisioning functions are more important than ever, offering a resilience buffer to communities in need. In this environment, Protect Wildlife collaborated with local DENR and LGU officials and communities across the peninsula to raise awareness of the critical functions of local watersheds and mangroves forests, and to put in place new management regimes designed to preserve their integrity.

The activity’s efforts from previous years culminated in the placement of more than 83,000 hectares of critical biodiversity under improved management plans—creating a clear framework to protect and preserve the Ayala and Manicahan Watersheds, and the Central Mangrove Forests, which help to provision water while regulating flooding, storm surge and other extreme sea level events.

Specifically, Protect Wildlife facilitated the completion of Zamboanga City’s FLUP for DENR Region 9 review in November 2019; approval of the Ayala and Manicahan Watershed management plans by the Zamboanga City Development Council; and a resolution approving the Central Mangrove Forest Land Management Framework Plan from the Zamboanga City Development Council in March 2020. The Zamboanga City FLUP, which was endorsed by the City Development Council to the Sangguniang Panlungsod for approval and for integration into the city’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan this quarter, was reported in prior year’s annual reports. In this report, Protect Wildlife presents the detailed background on the completion of the Ayala and Manicahan Watershed and Central Mangrove Forest Lands’ respective management plans.

Ayala and Manicahan Watershed Management Plans

The Ayala and Manicahan watersheds—which supply water to the Zamboanga City Water District, and to Manicahan Water and Sanitation Association and Mindanao Power Corporation, respectively—have vital significance to the city’s ability to meet the growing demand for water and energy. To help preserve these critical resources, Protect Wildlife led efforts over a two-year period dating to April 2018 to facilitate participatory mapping and zoning processes and decisions, and to support partners’ efforts to secure consensus on management plans for the watersheds. Last February 2020, Protect Wildlife supported efforts of the technical working group to present the watershed management and development plans for Ayala and Manicahan watersheds to the city’s watershed management council.

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Following the presentation, the council issued its formal approval of the plan through Watershed Management Council Resolution No. 2020-01: Adopting and Endorsing to the City Council the Ayala Watershed Management and Development Plan; and Watershed Management Council Resolution No. 2020-02: Adopting and Endorsing to the City Council the Manicahan Watershed Management and Development Plan.

Subsequently, the technical working group successfully presented the management plans to the Zamboanga City Development Council, securing its approval and endorsement to the City Council through passage of CDC Resolution No. 2020-001: A Resolution Adopting and Endorsing to the City Council the 2020-2030 Updated Ayala Watershed Management and Development Plan; and CDC Resolution No. 2020-002: A Resolution Adopting and Endorsing to the City Council the 2020-2030 Updated Manicahan Watershed Management and Development Plan.

The two management plans promote a structure that underscores the accountability and responsibility functions of the various governing bodies from the barangay- up to city- level. Each plan calls for the creation of watershed management offices in Ayala and Manicahan that will lead the coordination between various partner institutions and stakeholders in implementing the plans and mobilizing resources. Once the plans are approved, these officials will lead efforts to implement the activities outlined in the plan, including those designed to address the presence of toxic materials from abandoned mines, illegal logging, charcoal production and wildlife poaching.

As the Zamboanga City Development Council awaits formal approval from the City Council, the Zamboanga City government has already allocated funding from its 2020 budget to support tree planting activities within the watersheds. As established in the watershed management plans, the goal is to plant 100,000 tree seedlings this year to increase tree cover and promote filtration. These initial efforts demonstrate the city’s commitment to the goals and activities outlined in the plans. These management plans will also be the basis for the issuance of community tenure instruments in the forest lands and will facilitate the implementation of the FLUP.

Central Mangrove Forest Lands Management Framework Plan

The central mangrove forest lands are the largest mangrove forest within Zamboanga City. Located at the tip of the Zamboanga peninsula, the mangrove forest covers nearly 2,700 hectares, which represents approximately half of the city’s total mangrove area. A key source of protection and livelihoods for coastal communities, the mangrove forest serves as a storm surge buffer and a spawning area for coastal fisheries. Improved conservation and management of the central mangrove forest lands—the only remaining major pocket of contiguous mangroves in Zamboanga City—is essential for the preservation of ecosystem services that the city and its coastal barangays, in particular, depend upon.

Mangrove forest lands in Zamboanga City are vulnerable to human-induced pressures, such as the expansion of settlements, fuelwood extraction and surreptitious land titling. In the absence of clear resource management, these threats may render these areas susceptible to destruction and conversion to inappropriate uses, threatening the mangroves’ functions as fishery nurseries and a buffer against storm surge and erosion, as well as other ecological services mangrove forests provide for coastal communities and wildlife.

92 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 A key source of protection and livelihoods for coastal communities, the central mangrove forest lands of Zamboanga City also serve as a storm surge buffer and a spawning area for coastal fisheries.

Like with the Ayala and Manicahan watershed management plans, central mangrove forest land conservation efforts began in April 2018, with city-wide stakeholder consultations in the coastal barangays of Talon-talon, Mampang, Arena Blanco, Mariki, Rio Hondo, Kasanyangan and Tugbungan. This work was followed in March 2020, with issuance of Zamboanga City Development Council Resolution No. 2020-003: A Resolution Adopting and Endorsing to City Council the 2020-2030 Management Framework Plan of the Central Mangrove Forest Lands of Zamboanga City. Once approved by the City Council, the city government will implement the measures outlined in the plan, including an initiative to reforest 20 to 30 hectares of the central mangrove forest lands area, which would provide more area for fish spawning and seaweed production, thereby benefiting local livelihoods.

Zamboanga City BSAP Ties Local Plans Together to Unify Pursuit of Conservation

As referenced in the Manila section of this Annual Report, Zamboanga City hosted Protect Wildlife’s pilot efforts to operationalize the national-level Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for local execution. The PBSAP serves as a roadmap for the country’s actions to conserve local biodiversity and govern the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services in compliance with the Convention on Biological Diversity. To ensure effective implementation of the PBSAP, however, DENR-BMB urged LGUs to adopt localized action plans to protect and conserve the country’s biodiversity assets, which are keys to sustainable growth and development. With partners in Zamboanga City and Zamboanga Sibugay, Protect Wildlife built out a test case for the PBSAP’s localization and operationalization across the Philippines.

Zamboanga City was an ideal pilot site, considering the large number of management plans that Protect Wildlife has supported since the project’s inception—the two protected area management plans, FLUP, Ayala and Manicahan Watershed and Central Mangroves management plans. These plans sit like nesting dolls within the city’s BSAP—the umbrella repository for all biodiversity assets, across all management plans, in the province. The great value of a BSAP is that it serves as a central platform, with a uniform definition of biodiversity assets, that pulls together biodiversity linkages from across the various management plans. The BSAP makes sense of these various plans, and organizes them behind the central

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purprose of conserving local biodiversity and governing the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services. Further, the BSAP was designed for use as a tool for communicating and reporting, and as a platform for attracting investments from private sector, bilateral and multilateral parties with biodiversity conservation and governance objectives.

In launching this initiative, Protect Wildlife supported several workshop activities, and with officials from the LGU, other government agencies, CSOs, the academe and communities, the technical working group for Zamboanga City completed the draft plan in January 2020. The draft Zamboanga City BSAP was then routed to various agencies for review and comment, including CENRO Zamboanga City and the city LGU, and then forwarded to PENRO Zamboanga Sibugay for final technical review.

The technical working group presented the salient features of the plan to the Zamboanga City Development Council last March 3, 2020. Due to its overarching significance in the city’s FLUP, watershed management plans, Biodiversity Plan and protected area management plans, the council passed Resolution No. 2020-003: Adopting the Zamboanga City BSAP 2019-2028, formally endorsing it to the Sangguniang Panlungsod for action.

Delineation and Demarcation of Two Protected Areas in Zamboanga City: A Cornerstone for Effective Management of Land Use Zones

When done the right way—through comprehensive assessments and training and participatory exercises that give stakeholders from senior-level local officials to indigenous communities a clear stake in the process—management planning and zoning is a labor- and time- intensive undertaking. Through these efforts in Pasonanca Natural Park and Great and Little Santa Cruz Islands Protected Landscape and Seascape, Protect Wildlife has helped to put in place management plans that reflects compromises between conservation and livelihood demands, and are more likely to be accepted and adhered to over the long-term.

With management plans now in place, Protect Wildlife is able to transition the project’s support toward execution of its core strategies. Following DENR Administrative Order 2008-24, Guidelines for the Assessment and Delineation of Boundaries between Forest Lands, National Parks and Agricultural lands, Protect Wildlife launched efforts with Pasonanca Natural Park and Santa Cruz Islands partners late in Year 4 to execute a delineation survey and demarcation of boundaries of pilot zones of the two protected areas.

Pasonanca Natural Park Delineation

With officials from the DENR, Zamboanga City Water District (ZCWD) and the city government, Protect Wildlife launched delineation and demarcation work for Pasonanca Natural Park in the final quarter of Year 4. The protected area management plan calls for all strict protection and multiple-use zones to be “delineated on the ground and demarcated by the DENR using natural and fabricated markers with assistance from the city government, ZCWD and other stakeholders.” The plan further states that “visible signages shall also be installed to create awareness about the protected area and its boundaries among on-site communities, protected area managers, eco-tourists and the general public.” To mobilize these efforts, the protected area management board passed a resolution on October 30,

94 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 2019 approving the delineation and demarcation activity.

Based on the simple premise that compliance requires awareness, Protect Wildlife worked with local partners to identify priority areas for delineation and marking based on consideration of threats to wildlife and biodiversity and local community support. Partners identified barangays located in the natural park’s buffer zones as priority areas—noting the role of boundaries in reducing intrusion into strict protection zones or expansion of activities beyond the allowed zones.

In the final quarter of Year 4, Protect Wildlife began this initiative with a series of teleconferences with DENR and other partners, in compliance with local health and safety requirements for Zamboanga City. The protected area superintendent initiated social preparation, aided by a formal letter from the city mayor—along with promotional leaflets in Chavacano language prepared by Protect Wildlife—to the chairpersons of seven barangays that straddle Pasonanca Natural Park.

On June 25, 2020, members of the CENRO-led delineation and demarcation team led a reconnaissance activity beginning with orientation and consultation with the community. Protect Wildlife also contributed to a brief training activity on the use of handheld GPS devises, strategies for marking and tagging demarcation sites, and safe placement of boundary stake markers. Armed with the needed resources, the team proceeded to conduct the delineation survey of the pilot area from June 26 to 30, 2020, laying 30 initial boundary stakes along approximately 2,300 hectares along the park’s east and west boundaries.

Treating this as a pilot exercise, Protect Wildlife aims to leave Zamboanga City officials with a clear roadmap to execute delineation of the protected area and eventual demarcation with concrete monuments or vegetative markers or signs. Through this demonstration, the activity helped to develop the process for delineation and demarcation as per DENR Administrative Order 2008-24 and other DENR support policies specific to protected area management for delineation and demarcation. The framework for delineation and demarcation activities included the execution of site surveys, GPS readings and laying of boundary stakes; and planning and installation of demarcation monuments— concrete or vegetative markers or signs—that use suitable materials.

In the first quarter of Year 5, Protect Wildlife and the delineation and demarcation team will continue delineation activities in the pilot area and produce a map showing the results of the delineation survey, including recommendations on other priority areas. The team will also prepare a demarcation plan that identifies priority areas for demarcation and recommended demarcation materials. In preparing these recommendations, the team will consider existing threats to forest resources, the cost-effectiveness of establishing permanent markers in a specific zone, and the proximity of the boundaries to settlements, infrastructure, and patrol areas.

In the next few months, the regional delineation and demarcation team of DENR Region 9, which has more sophisticated survey equipment, is expected to complete the delineation survey in more rugged terrain and assist in laying concrete standard boundary markers in accordance the guidelines stipulated in DENR Administrative Order 2008-24. Based on the survey and demarcation plan, the delineation and demarcation team intends to install signs and markers in select multiple-use zones and strict protection zones in the Banuang biodiversity monitoring station.

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Installation of Buoys in Santa Cruz Islands

In line with the Santa Cruz Islands management plan, which was approved by the PAMB on February 20, 2019, Protect Wildlife committed to work with the PAMO to execute select priority activities identified in the plan, foremost among them the installation of buoys to demarcate and protect the islands’ coral reefs. Protect Wildlife set out to support this effort by providing the buoys and materials that will be used for demarcation.

The PAMB approved the installation of buoys through a resolution passed on December 6, 2019. The purpose of demarcation with buoys is to protect shallow reef areas from intrusion and destruction by tourists and motor boats, and to designate boat mooring areas.

Core members of Santa Cruz Islands technical working group—including PAMO, city LGU, CENRO and Zamboanga State College of Marine Science and Technology officials—are leading the installation of buoys with Protect Wildlife support. Santa Cruz community members are heavily engaged in the fabrication of sinkers and rafts (which will be used while installing buoys), which were developed on site. Currently, 58 sinkers are under fabrication, and will be deployed for the installation of 23 primary floating buoys, 23 secondary floating buoys, and 10 mooring buoys.

Due to work and travel restrictions, Protect Wildlife and its technical working group partners were unable to complete this effort in Year 4, as originally planned. To date, 18 sinkers have been fabricated; fabrication of remaining sinkers are slated for completion in the first quarter of Year 5, followed by installation of marine and mooring buoys.

In the coming months, core technical working group members will install the marker buoys and mooring buoys in designated sites, observing proper installation protocols so that disturbance to marine habitats are minimized. In developing the installation plan, the activity prepared an environmental impact mitigation and monitoring plan to govern the installation and to strictly limit any adverse effects on the ecosystem of the protected area. In a risk assessment exercise prior to installation, Protect Wildlife and its local partners identified entry of poachers, pilferage of buoys and adverse weather events as major factors that may result in the displacement or loss of the buoys. To mitigate this risk, the city LGU committed to conducting monitoring through regular patrols and to maintaining open communication and awareness-raising activities with nearby fishing communities. The information dissemination will focus on the importance of the buoys in the management of the protected area; and the benefits to coastal communities through marine conservation and ecotourism outcomes. In case of damage or loss, repair or replacement of buoys shall be undertaken by the city LGU.

Achieving Research Breakthroughs Under Protect Wildlife Research Initiatives

In Year 4, Protect Wildlife supported four major research studies in Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi— training these efforts at scientific discovery on the critically endangered and iconic Philippine eagle and the Sulu hornbill, and on coastal and marine ecosystems, on which coastal communities depend for their livelihoods.

96 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Coastal Resource Assessment of Eleven Islands

A cluster of islands and islets that belong to Barangays Panubigan and Dita of Zamboanga City, Once Islas or Eleven Islands boasts rich fisheries resources and raw natural beauty. In recognition of these assets, the Zamboanga City government aims to classify Eleven Islands as an ecotourism growth area, but lacks the biophysical, socioeconomic and fisheries data needed to inform the design of effective and sustainable coastal resource management and ecotourism programs.

The Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology has been engaged to bridge this data gap, leading a coastal resource assessment organized into three components—biophysical (habitats, water quality and bathymetry), fisheries and aquaculture, and sociocultural and economic—in partnership with Protect Wildlife. With a team of 10 faculty members, two city LGU staff, eight research assistants and 14 enumerators, the assessment commenced in July 2019 with community consultations in the two barangays and ocular visits to establish suitable sampling sites and stations. Through the consultations, the research team engaged barangay officials, representatives from the Office of the City Agriculture, City Tourism Office and DENR Region 9. The assessment covered the following: • Biophysical features and quality of coastal and marine habitats (coral reef, seagrass, and mangroves) and marine waters; • Sea surface circulation and bathymetry of the sea floor Various underwater survey within the Eleven Islands; methodologies conducted by the • Status of fisheries (capture and aquaculture) and other Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology for their resource uses, fishing practices and threats; coastal resources assessment study in • Socio-cultural profile and economic activities of the Eleven Islands. people living in the coastal areas of Barangays Dita and Panubigan and in the islands; and • Environmental awareness of coastal and island residents, their perceptions on establishing marine protected areas in their locality, and governance concerns.

Protect Wildlife is currently providing assistance to Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology in data management and analyses. From this basis, the college will identify areas that suitable for the establishment of MPAs and other conservation measures.

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Kappaphycus striatus var. Kappaphycus striatus var. Kappaphycus striatus var. Kappaphycus striatus var. katunay green katunay brown seven colors subul black

Kappaphycus alvarezii var. Kappaphycus alvarezii var. Kappaphycus alvarezii var. tambalang green tambalang red tambalang brown

Seven seaweed cultivars from the micropropagules collected by the team from Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography for their seaweeds research.

Seaweeds Study in Tawi-Tawi

A major seaweed producer, Tawi-Tawi is said to contribute approximately 85 percent of the total seaweeds export of the country. With nine of the 11 Tawi-Tawi municipalities producing seaweeds, it is estimated that approximately 5,200 households depend on the industry for their livelihoods. Available data indicate that seaweed production in Tawi-Tawi has been declining, however, due to a number of factors—foremost among them the occurrence of the disease known as “ice-ice,” wherein the seaweeds whiten and harden due to certain bacteria. This is exacerbated by the declining quality of seedling material which result in low plant growth, low biomass, and low quality of carrageenan. Low-quality planting materials are also more prone to “ice-ice.”

Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography was at one time successful in the use of micro-propagation technologies to produce quality seaweed planting materials in its seaweed cultivars laboratory. However, it lost its collection of micro-propagules and sporelings in 2016. Protect Wildlife is providing the university the opportunity to rebuild its collection and enable it to provide support needed to strengthen the Tawi-Tawi seaweed industry. Its designation as seaweeds center of the Bangsamoro strengthens its position to lead the research and technology development on seaweeds in the region.

98 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 The university’s seaweed research project has three stages: (a) the cultivation of laboratory-generated cultivars, which are expected to have good growth performance and good quality carrageenan, (b) culture of seaweeds in a land-based nursery for three months, and (c) monitoring and growth in a sea- based nursery for another three months. These stages will take place in university-managed facilities. After the third stage, the carrageenophytic cultivars and improved farming technologies will be made available to seaweed farmers of Panglima Sugala.

In June 2019, the team started the collection of seaweed cultivars in two barangays in Panglima Sugala, a major seaweed producer in the province. In July 2019, the team completed its seaweed cultivar collection effort. From these collections, university prepared branch cultures, maintained and monitored their growth in preparation for micro-propagules production. Seaweed samples with the strongest growth performance and/or better carrageenan quality were then chosen for micro-propagation.

Through these and collection efforts from the prior project year, the research team collected 774 jars of micro-propagules, containing 25,027 micro-propagules. The micro-propagules include seven seaweed cultivars (Kappaphycus striatus var. katunay green, K. striatus var. katunay brown, K. striatus var. seven colors, K. striatus var. subul black, Kappaphycus alvarezii var. tambalang green, K. alvarezii var. tambalang red and K. alvarezii var. tambalang brown).

Cultured branches and micro-propagules in the seaweed cultivars laboratory and land-based nursery. In this research, the university is giving attention to both the replicability of the technology and the economics of micro-propagation. The challenge is for the university not just to produce improved cultivars but for the micro-propagation of cultivars to sustain the province’s seaweed industry. Production cost data will be generated to establish the extent to which access by small seaweed farmers to improved planting materials can be enhanced.

The transplant of the propagules to the sea-based nursery was not completed by the close of Year 4 as originally planned. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions, the team focused the work from April to June on continuous monitoring of the micro-propagules in the laboratory, for presence of “ice-ice” or others threats. With the calibrated lifting of restrictions, the university and Protect Wildlife are now working toward the completion of sea-based nursery construction—and the final stage of the study.

Philippine Eagle Study in Pasonanca Natural Park

The Pasonanca Natural Park in Zamboanga City is one of the last remaining intact lowland dipterocarp forests within Mindanao Island. The park has approximately 12,107 ha of secondary and old growth dipterocarp forests. It is at the same time a Key Biodiversity Area and an Important Bird Area, having at least 142 species of birds (Conservation International, Haribon, DENR 2008; Paguntalan et. Al. on 2011).

The park is one of the only few eagle habitats within the Zamboanga Peninsula. The heavily guarded and protected park might be serving as a “source population” of young eagles that eventually re-colonize “unprotected” territories elsewhere along the forest corridor. While evidence of eagle existence had been observed, a nest had yet to be found inside the park as of August 2019, when Protect Wildlife launched a research project with the Philippine Eagle Foundation, seeking to achieve that milestone.

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The objective of the research is to delineate at least two eagle nesting sites within the park and conduct behavioral observations of the resident eagles and their young. With partners from the DENR, PAMO, city LGU, ZCWD, and local academe, PEF was also tasked with developing an eagle education and conservation program for Pasonanca Natural First photo of an adult Philippine Park. eagle inside Pasonanca Natural Park documented by the expedition team. PEF completed four expeditions covering sites within the Pasonanca Natural Park where sightings, encounters, and evidence of eagle presence (i.e., feather molts) have been recorded. Foremost among these, the team reported a breakthrough on October 23, 2019—when members observed and photographed an adult Philippine eagle emerging from the tree line of Katala ridge in Pasonanca Natural Park. The eagle was observed to be carrying a large-bodied prey—a known behavior among nesting raptors. The expedition team reported The Philippine eagle pair displaying that the eagle was most likely delivering food to an already- their talons as part of courtship incubating female mate in an active nest. behavior. The eagle’s nest, home to an estimated 30-day old eaglet, was found on December 5, 2019. The expedition provided the first documentation of an adult, free-living, and apparently breeding wild Philippine eagle in Pasonanca Natural Park. This scientific breakthrough shows that the forests of the park can serve as an important nesting site of Philippine eagles.

A nesting tree is a good indicator Things took an unfortunate turn when the expedition team that Philippine eagles are thriving in returned in January 2020 and saw that the nest was empty. Pasonanca Natural Park. When the team climbed onto the nest, they found feathers, small bones and skin patches of the eaglet, with no sign of its parents. The team collected the remains of the young eagle and sent these to the University of the Philippines for DNA and genetic tests.

The team spotted the eagle parents numerous times in two more expeditions in February and March 2020. Both eagles showed courtship behaviors, such as exchanging vocals, soaring

together, and displaying their talons, with the male even The expedition team looks for eagle activities in the forest from high attempting to mate with the female in a few occasions. These above a tree platform. are positive signs that the eagle pair can still re-nest and lay a new egg.

These initial findings are a strong validation of the conservation measures put in place in Pasonanca Natural Park by the city

100 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 government and the DENR, including regular patroling and enforcement by forest guards of ZCWD, which translate to well-protected forest habitats that are highly favorable for nesting eagles.

Study on the World’s Rarest Hornbill in Panglima Sugala, Tawi-Tawi

The Sulu hornbill (Anthracoceros montani), locally known as tawsi, is said to be the rarest hornbill in the world. With no one precisely certain about the remaining populations of this elusive hornbill, researchers at the ASEAN Center for Biodiversity,

Philippines Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, the local government of Tawi-Tawi province and Protect Wildlife are striving to build the global knowledge base of this critically The Sulu hornbill study led by Philbio and funded by USAID is a race endangered bird found only in Sulu Archipelago at the against time as it seeks to gather more southernmost tip of the Philippines. While it is subject to information about this elusive bird and help save its dwindling population international trade controls, there are no conservation before it succumbs to possible measures in place to protect the declining population of the extinction due to persistent threats to Sulu hornbill, manage critical habitats in its limited geographic its forest habitats in Tawi-Tawi province. range, and address threats to this species.

Protect Wildlife, in collaboration with the Panglima Sugala LGU, DENR 9, and the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao-Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Energy, officially launched the Sulu hornbill research project on January 16, 2020 in Panglima Sugala. The PhilBio research team conducted its first expedition from January 28 to February 11, 2020. Through transect walks, mist-netting, harp trapping and other measures, the research team positively identified 101 bird species—including four separate groups of Sulu hornbill individuals and three nests. Among other highlights, the expedition team reported the following: • Siting of three Sulu hornbill nesting trees, one of which was previously unknown, along with seed droppings that indicate that individual hornbills were visiting the nests; • Observations of parents feeding immature hornbills with ficus fruits; • Identification of four separate groups of hornbills within the 400-hectare sampling area, including one incident where seven individuals were grouped together; • Multiple threatened bird species sightings, including the critically-endangered Sulu hornbill, blue-winged racquet-

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tail parrot and Philippine cockatoo, the endangered Tawi-Tawi brown dove, and the vulnerable Sulu woodpecker and rufous-headed kingfisher; and • Identification of three plants that were not previously known to occur in Tawi-Tawi: lipstick vine (Aeschynanthus copelandii), jade vine (Strongylodon pulcher) and the begonia.

The Sulu hornbill study is designed to produce the following results: • Estimated population, distribution, habitat description and requirements, and threats to the Sulu hornbill in Upper Malum watershed in Panglima Sugala, Tawi-Tawi; • Updated conservation status and map of the remaining forests in Upper Malum watershed, with ecological observations of other threatened species; and • Technical report and findings based on research results, to be presented to the local government in support of the declaration of the site as a local conservation area.

Research findings will be applied by local officials to pursue the establishment of a conservation area for the Sulu hornbill in Upper Malum and the development of a management plan for the watershed; roll out an awareness campaign on the need to protect the Sulu hornbill and abate destruction of their habitats in the watershed; formulate science-based policies and implement appropriate management measures to protect Sulu hornbill habitats and arrest other threats to the hornbill; and develop capacities of local communities to participate in species and habitat protection.

The PhilBio team plans to execute the next expedition following the lifting of travel restrictions to Tawi- Tawi. Moving forward, Protect Wildlife will support local government efforts to pass an ordinance declaring the Sulu hornbill as the Panglima Sugala flagship species and to apply research findings to inform a conservation roadmap for the species.

ZAMBOANGA CITY-SULU ARCHIPELAGO ACTIVITIES FROM YEAR 4, QUARTER 4

In the table below, Protect Wildlife presents activities implemented within the April 1 to June 30, 2020 period.

TABLE 7: YEAR 4, QUARTER 4 PROGRESS REPORT IN ZAMBOANGA CITY-SULU ARCHIPELAGO

FOCAL AREAS SA ACTIVITIES DATE / PARTNERS Consultations and discussions with PEF, PAMO, ZCWD and city government on the draft ordinance declaring the Philippine eagle and SA 3 May 2020 Zamboanga bulbul as flagship species of Zamboanga City. The city mayor expressed her support to this proposal. Completion of the fourth expedition of PEF to Pasonanca Natural Park Pasonanca Natural for the research on Philippine eagles. The expedition was cut short in Park March due to the COVID-19 lockdown. During this trip, the PEF did a characterization of the nest that they discovered in previous SA 4 May 20-30, 2020 expeditions and continued to observe the eagle pair. As part of this trip, Protect Wildlife supported the PEF in tagging, release and conduct of a telemetry study of the Philippine eagle that was rescued in Siocon, Zamboanga del Norte. The release was done in May 21, 2020.

102 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 FOCAL AREAS SA ACTIVITIES DATE / PARTNERS Meetings among PASu, CENRO Zamboanga City, Protect Wildlife and other partners to plan the delineation and demarcation survey of the SA 3 management zones in Pasonanca Natural Park. This was followed by a June 14-25, 2020 reconnaissance of the pilot area for delineation and meetings with barangay officials to inform them about the activity. Conduct of the preliminary delineation survey and establishment of SA 3 June 26-30, 2020 boundary stakes in pilot zones by the inter-agency delineation team. Meetings with the people’s organizations in Barangays Salaan and Tolosa, and with Office of the City Agriculturist and CENRO SA 2 Zamboanga City for the proposed training on cacao cultural June 2020 management, postharvest handling and processing as part of W-GDP Initiative. Submission of the Santa Cruz Islands Destination Management Report SA 3 by the Protect Wildlife Tourism Development Specialist. A copy of the May 20, 2020 report was forwarded to the PAMO for review and comment. Series of consultation-meetings with the Ateneo Center for Santa Cruz Islands Environmental Sustainability and PAMO for the design of an activity to SA 3 prepare the modules and train facilitators for a Youth Ecological Camp May-June 2020 at Santa Cruz Islands. ACES and PAMO are planning to jointly organize a conservation-oriented youth camp in the islands in 2021. Meeting with Mampang Seaweeds Planters Association on the construction of a floating solar seaweed dryer under the W-GDP Initiative. Central Mangrove SA 2 May-June 2020 Forest Land Discussions with DOST/UP CEAT BioMech, DOST Region 9 and Office of the City Agriculturist for technical support during the bidding and construction of floating seaweed dryers. Creation by Zamboanga Sibugay governor of a technical working group for the formulation of the province’s BSAP. SA 3 May-June 2020 Zamboanga Meetings and small group workshops to generate the data needs for the Sibugay drafting of the BSAP and to plan next steps for its completion. Coordination with Zamboanga Sibugay technical working group on the SA 3 June 2020 drafting of the Provincial Environment Code. SA 3, Issuance of an Executive Order approving and adopting the Bud Bongao May 2020 SA 2 Management Plan and Financial Management Guidelines. Refinement of the draft management plan for the Malum Watershed of SA 3 May-June 2020 Panglima Sugala. Submission of recommendations and draft of ordinances for the adoption by Tawi-Tawi LGUs of the following flagship species: Philippine Tawi-Tawi long-tailed macaque for Bongao; Sulu hornbill for Panglima Sugala; SA 3 May 2020 Philippine cockatoo for Languyan, Napoleon wrasse for Sitangkai, and Green sea turtle for Turtle Islands. The draft ordinance for the flagship species is under review by Philbio. Submission to Turtles Islands LGU of the draft Inter-Agency Covenant SA 5 for Security, Wildlife and Environmental Law Enforcement for Turtle May 2020 Islands. Submitted to Isabela City council officials a draft city ordinance for the Isabela City SA 3 May 2020 adoption of the Basilan yakal and tarsier as flagship species. Mindanao State Maintenance and monitoring by the MSU TCTO research team of the SA 4 April-June 2020 University-Tawi- growth and weight of the seaweed micro-propagules that have been

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FOCAL AREAS SA ACTIVITIES DATE / PARTNERS Tawi College of transplanted to the land-based nursery established in the MSU TCTO Technology and Hatchery. The ambient water condition in the tanks such as salinity and Oceanography water temperature were monitored daily. Zamboanga State Integration and analysis by the research team of the data generated College of Marine from field research activities in Eleven Islands. On June 30, Protect SA 4 April-June 2020 Sciences and Wildlife held a meeting with the research team to plan next steps for Technology final report preparation and preparation of Zamboanga City. Kasanyangan Signing of a partnership agreement between Protect Wildlife and Center for Kasanyangan Foundation. The organization commits to support the Community SA 2 organizational and enterprise development of the three W-GDP June 10, 2020 Development and people’s organizations in Zamboanga City and their microfinancing Microfinancing, Inc. needs in the future.

PLANS FOR NEXT QUARTER

SA 1: Behavior Change Communication

Theory of Change Result: Foundational knowledge improved

• Provide inputs on behavior change communication to the training of facilitators and development of modules for the Santa Cruz Islands Youth Ecological Camp. The training will be led by the Ateneo Center for Environmental Sustainability and Santa Cruz Islands PAMO.

Theory of Change Result: Improved community attitudes toward conservation

• Turnover of School in a Bag materials to two public elementary schools in the buffer zone of Pasonanca Natural Park in Zamboanga City and an upland public school in Malum watershed of Panglima Sugala, Tawi-Tawi. • Design and install a Wild and Alive billboard at the Zamboanga City seaport. • Complete the design and installation of billboards in Pasonanca Natural Park with message related to the ongoing delineation of multiple use zones and strict protection zones. • Complete the installation of Protect Our Paradise campaign materials at Santa Cruz Islands. • Finalize arrangements for the conduct of end-line KAP survey in Santa Cruz Islands.

SA 2: Conservation Financing

Theory of Change Result: Available conservation financing arrangements are identified and realigned to support conservation

• Provide advice to Santa Cruz Islands PAMO and DENR Region 9 on the appropriate account to establish for revenue collections and the recordkeeping and financial management system for the co-managed protected area.

Theory of Change Result: Existing and new funds established for investments supporting biodiversity conservation

104 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 • Monitor and analyze integrated protected area fund and PES revenue generation and plough- back initiatives in Zamboanga City and in Bud Bongao Forest Park; submit recommendations for improved management and utilization of revenues.

Theory of Change Result: Improved value chains for livelihoods and enterprises generates revenues

• Prepare arrangements for the construction of a floating seaweed dryer for Mampang Seaweeds Planters Association and assist efforts to develop and adopt guidelines for the operations and maintenance of the facility. • Work with Kasanyangan Foundation in the conduct of organizational and enterprise development training to three partner people’s organizations in Zamboanga City. • Collaborate with JAS Agri-Ventures, MCNut Philippines and Kasanyangan Foundation on the technology training on cacao and coffee production and processing for members of the two people’s organizations in the buffer zone of Pasonanca Natural Park. • Collaborate with CENRO Zamboanga City and Office of the City Agriculturist in agroforestry training and delineation and recognition of agroforestry farms of individual household members of the people’s organizations. • Provide the Tawi-Tawi Mother’s Club Marketing Cooperative with basic tools and equipment in support of its fish paste production.

Theory of Change Result: Social, economic and environmental benefits from communities, revenue for LGUs and profit/goodwill for private sector generated

• Validate the number of men and women, and household members benefiting from Protect Wildlife-supported livelihood and microenterprise initiatives, as well as other assistance that contributes to economic benefits, and document benefit flows.

SA 3: Conservation and Governance

Theory of Change Result: Increased capacity of relevant government agencies, LGUs, protected area management boards and CSOs in integrated resource planning and management

• Complete the Isabela City FLUP and facilitate its presentation to the City Development Council and submission to the DENR IX Regional FLUP Technical Review Committee. • Complete the Malum Watershed Management Plan and presentation to the Municipal Development Council and Sangguniang Bayan of Panglima Sugala. • Complete the drafts of the local BSAP and the Environment Code of Zamboanga Sibugay. • Conduct Drone Image Processing and Analysis Training Program for DENR and partner agencies.

Theory of Change Result: LGUs co-lead with DENR in conservation and enforcement efforts

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• Facilitate discussions between DENR Region 9 and Zamboanga City LGU to identify priority actions with respect to the renewal and implementation of co-management agreements for Pasonanca Natural Park, Santa Cruz Islands, and Ayala and Manicahan watersheds. • Complete boundary staking and the demarcation plan for the pilot management zones of Pasonanca Natural Park. • Complete the installation of marine and mooring buoys for Santa Cruz Islands. • Support the OCENR for the enactment of a city ordinance declaring the Philippine eagle and Zamboanga bulbul as the flagship species of Zamboanga City. Support the Office of the City Environment and Natural Resources and the Philippine Eagle Foundation in drafting a conservation plan for the Philippine eagle. • Support the develop of the modules and training of facilitators for the Youth Ecological Camps that will be jointly organized by PAMO and Ateneo Center for Environmental Sustainability in Santa Cruz Islands.

Theory of Change Result: PAMB formulates improved policies for better protected area management

• Complete Santa Cruz Islands carrying capacity study and tourism destination management report and present results to the PAMB. • Assist Pasonanca Natural Park and Santa Cruz Islands PAMBs in preparing their Manual of Operations.

Theory of Change Result: Professional development of WEOs, enforcement groups and LGU zoning officers is supported

• Conduct basic Bantay Dagat training for Zamboanga City central mangrove forest land community members. Local resource persons from DA-BFAR, Zamboanga City LGU and CENRO Zamboanga City will be engaged to deliver the training (with Protect Wildlife inputs through video).

SA 4: Conservation Research

Theory of Change Result: Capacity of universities and local research organizations to leverage funds, do research and curriculum development, and disseminate research results increased

• Facilitate the completion of the Eleven Islands research report by Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology through support in data analysis and integration and the formulation of recommendations for protected area establishment and coastal resources management planning in Eleven Islands. • Facilitate the completion of sea-based nursery by the Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography and the outplanting of seaweed cultivars. Monitor progress of the university in the preparation of remaining deliverables including the final report, which should include recommendations to university leadership and interested LGUs and stakeholders to sustain and take forward the gains from the USAID-supported research toward

106 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 improving quality of seaweeds and local production in the province. • Assist Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography in developing a workable cooperation mechanism with Panglima Sugala LGU and farmers for the second phase of the research—outplanting in Panglima Sugala seaweed farmers. • Support the completion of Expedition 2 of Philbio’s Sulu hornbill research team. • Monitor the approval and adoption of the ELP syllabus by the Tawi-Tawi Regional Agricultural College and of the enhanced Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science syllabus by Western Mindanao State University.

Theory of Change Result: Science-based information for policy-makers, program designers and enforcement agencies produced

• Support the presentation of the Eleven Islands research results and recommendations to concerned Zamboanga City offices and barangay officials. • Arrange for the presentation of the Sulu hornbill research results to the local government of Panglima Sugala and other stakeholders immediately after the completion of Expedition 2. • Support the presentation of the results of the Philippine eagle research to the Pasonanca PAMB and other stakeholders and the formulation of policies and conservation program for the Philippine eagle (with SA 3). • Complete interviews of target respondents from Zamboanga City for the CAPTURED study.

SA 5: Wildlife Law Enforcement

Theory of Change Result: National and local enforcement capacities to detect, inspect and prosecute improved

• Provide technical assistance to the Zamboanga City Anti-Wildlife Trafficking Task Force and the Composite Fisheries Law Enforcement Team in building an enforcement database and to improve on spatial planning for law enforcement using VIIRS technology. • Follow up on the creation of the Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary Inter-Agency Task Force and support its organizational meeting by providing an orientation on wildlife and environmental law enforcement. • Re-orientation on environment and natural resources laws for forest guards of ZCWD for the renewal of their deputation as WEOs • Orientation for Zamboanga City, Isabela City and Tawi-Tawi on flagship species.

Theory of Change Result: Local enforcement improved

• Continue to collect and analyze data on enforcement actions to assess enforcement performance and results of technical assistance.

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GENSAN-SARANGANI-SOUTH COTABATO (REGION 12)

In this section, Protect Wildlife presents activity highlights in Region 12 for the year covering July 2019 to June 2020, summarizes activities completed during the most recent quarter, and highlights planned activities for Year 5, Quarter 1, which are listed according to SA Theory of Change results.

HIGHLIGHTS FOR YEAR 4

Highlights from Protect Wildlife’s support to Region 12 partners and stakeholders in Year 4 include the completion of the Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape 10-year management plan

and the activity’s support to kick start its implementation with a

focus on marine turtle conservation and enforcement; and the The Sarangani Bay Protected extensive support across the abaca value chain—from access to Seascape Management Plan was crafted to secure three critical and financing, training on conservation-friendly agriculture, and equally important objectives: the investments in postharvesting equipment—delivered under the health of Sarangani Bay, indicated by a well-conserved biodiversity and W-GDP Initiative. These and other highlights are presented in robust environment; the sustainable more detail in the following sections. production of ecosystem goods and services that support the local economy; and the well-being of Sarangani Bay Officials Complete 10-Year Management community members. Plan and Build Momentum for Implementation, Launching Initial Activities with Protect Wildlife Support

Bringing together more than 1,000 coastal community barangay members from six local governments, Protect Wildlife helped Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape officials to achieve their vision, securing the completion of a 10-year protected area management plan in time for the celebration of the protected seascape’s 24th anniversary.

Sarangani Bay’s 215,950-hectare coastline is dotted with municipalities, including Glan, Malapatan, Alabel and Maasim, Maitum and Kiamba and the city of General Santos; sun and sand-based tourism businesses; and manufacturing and processing plants focused primarily on landings in the Tuna Capital of the Philippines. In recognition of the region’s great dependence on this critical natural resource, and the threats of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and runoff from farms and plantations, the DENR designated Sarangani Bay as a water quality management area.

108 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Protect Wildlife’s work positioned Sarangani Bay protected area officials to turn these concerns into an actionable plan that defines clear roles and responsibilities, establishes targets and monitoring activities, and lays out a financial assessment and annual financing targets to enable implementation. The new protected area management plan was presented and approved by the members of the PAMB during the last quarter of 2019 and was formally accepted by the DENR regional director on March 4, 2020 in a ceremonial turnover ceremony to celebrate the 24th anniversary of the bay’s declaration as protected seascape.

The newly-approved management plan encapsulates the vision, goals and outcomes, as well as the actions needed for their attainment, within the first five-year period from 2020 to 2024. With Protect Wildlife technical support, the plan was developed by a technical working group especially created and convened for the purpose. The plan was crafted to secure three critical and equally important objectives: the health of Sarangani Bay, indicated by a well-conserved biodiversity and robust environment; the sustainable production of ecosystem goods and services that support the local economy; and the well-being of community members.

Further, Protect Wildlife and the technical working group aimed to learn from the previous decades’ management plan, completing a post-mortem assessment to highlight challenges and proactively counter stumbling blocks related to management and monitoring, enforcement and sustainability of funding. The planning process introduced by Protect Wildlife and the technical working group covered nine management focuses with partners developing corresponding activities within agreed zoning plans that feature clear timelines, sources of funding, implementation strategies, roles of responsibilities of all stakeholders/member and an established monitoring system.

Following the guidelines and processes set forth by DENR-BMB through the issuance of Technical Bulletin No. 2016-08, the management plan is structured in nine sections, including the following key sections: • Section 5: Vision, Goals and Objectives, which provides a narrative on the long and short-term goals of stakeholders, and presents the management focus to guide implementation across all actions. It includes a logical framework built upon objectively verifiable indicators, means of verification and external assumptions for the goals, management focuses, activities, and sub- activities. • Section 6: Management Strategies, Interventions and Activities, which presents, in great detail, standards, guidelines, prescriptions, zones and programs for the management of Sarangani Bay. Management standards and guidelines encompass the entirety of the protected area, while management zones and prescriptions are specific to the zone and sub-zone in every LGU. • Section 9: Financial Plan shows the resources needed to implement the plan on an annual basis for the first five-year period of the plan, and summarizes existing and potential sources of revenues to fund Sarangani Bay activities.

Major sources of committed funding for the estimated ₱266 million cost of implementing the plan include regular allocations from the DENR and local government units; fee collection by PAMO officials, as well as penalties and fines collected in response to violations; and pledges from stakeholders in the

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private sector and donor communities. In the table below, we present the current spending and commitments made by a range of partners toward implementation of the management plan.

TABLE 8: CURRENT SPENDING PLAN AND COMMITMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SARANGANI BAY MANAGEMENT PLAN

To build momentum for adoption of the management plan, Protect Wildlife worked with key partners— including the PAMB, PAMO, DENR Region 12, DA-BFAR Region 12, Sarangani provincial government, local government units, enforcement agencies, RD Foundation and Mindanao State University-General Santos City—to launch implementation of a number of its core initiatives in Year 4, including marine turtle and marine mammal conservation, and wildlife and environmental crime enforcement. In the following section, we provide background on these initiatives and their importance to the plan, and to the integrity of the seascape.

Introducing New Tools and Skills to Strengthen Marine Turtle Conservation

During the process of management planning, the technical working group identified several threats facing marine turtles, among them poaching of marine turtle eggs, illegal settlements in foreshore areas, expansion of tourism establishments and other non-sustainable land uses that hinder marine turtles from nesting and eggs from hatching. Results of recent validation mapping shows that 13 of 67 Sarangani Bay coastal barangays are regular nesting sites of the olive ridley marine turtles. Through management zoning exercises under the Sarangani Bay initiative, Protect Wildlife and local partners identified 16 turtle nesting sites which were highly concentrated on the east side of the bay in the coastal barangays of Glan, Malapatan and Alabel. Nesting sites were also found in Maasim, Kiamba and Maitum.

To address concerns on marine turtle protection, the technical working group programmed a number of protection and conservation activities under the plan’s Management Focus 2: Habitat and Ecosystems Restoration and Enhancement, including training on nest conservation and protection, policy support, and information, education and communication; building partnerships with communities and the private sector; and adopting protocols for the management of nesting sites and establishment of hatcheries.

In Year 4, Protect Wildlife directly led a training course on the handling of marine turtles and protection of nesting sites for representatives from coastal LGUs and barangays which host nesting sites, and the DENR. The course focused on addressing some of the identified threats and introduced proper

110 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 protocols and standards. It was recommended that the Developing local protocols for the establishment and management Sarangani Bay management board develop a marine turtle of marine turtle hatcheries conservation management plan aligned to the national

Marine Turtle Conservation Action Plan. Protect Wildlife worked with partners to adapt the DENR’s national Protect Wildlife, likewise, developed a set of local protocols protocols for marine turtle egg for the establishment and management of marine turtle handling and management for local implementation in Sarangani Bay.The hatcheries (refer to text box). Protocols covered site science-driven protocols addressed the selection, construction of the hatchery, and operations following: which included staff requirements, data recording and • Emphasis on turtle egg protection reporting. The protocols were formally approved by the within habitats rather than relocation to hatcheries, when Sarangani Bay PAMB in June. conditions allow. The protocol emphasizes that protecting natural Even prior to their adoption, actions were already being nests results in higher success in hatchling emergence and that taken on the ground. CENRO Glan, Glan LGU and RD translocation to hatcheries should Foundation adopted measures outlined in the protocol in the only be considered if the survival establishment of one new marine turtle hatchery in Barangay of the eggs and hatchlings in natural nests is unlikely due to Burias. Plans have been developed to establish a marine inundation, flooding or other turtle learning center near the hatchery for use in imminent risks. awareness-raising activities for local communities and the • Alternative site selection criteria. youth. This activity is slated for completion in Year 5. Even in instances where a turtle egg is unlikely to survive in its natural nest, the protocol makes Amplifying Messages through BCC Campaigns and clear that relocation to a new, Flagship Species Designations natural nesting site in an area of the beach that is at higher elevation or less risk, rather than To generate momentum and promote the sustainability of to a hatchery, is the soundest Sarangani Bay’s marine turtle conservation program, Protect approach. Wildlife supported the implementation of several BCC • Turtle egg-handling guidance. In campaigns in coordination with graduates from the activity’s instances where a turtle egg must be translocated, stakeholders are Campaigning for Conservation trainings who are based in urged to avoid touching the eggs LGUs, DENR offices and RD Foundation. Campaigns reached for at least two hours after they are nested. more than 1,000 individuals at local celebrations and festivities. More materials are planned for development and • Recommendations on turtle egg hatchery design. The protocols call launch next quarter for the promotion within coastal for hatcheries with a sandy communities of the protocols for reporting sightings of substrate that mimics the natural nest conditions, and the turtle nests to proper authorities. establishment of a clear pathway from the hatchery to the sea. To promote sustainability and institutionalize efforts, the • Operations and record-keeping activity team coordinated with DENR 12 to support passage guidelines. The protocol of multiple ordinances on flagship species. Several workshops establishes data collection and record keeping recommendations have been conducted related to the identification of flagship so that trends may be monitored species and writeshops in crafting of ordinance. During the over time. year, the municipality of Malapatan passed and approved an ordinance declaring the marine turtle as its flagship species. Alabel is also considering the adoption of marine turtle as its

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flagship species. Ordinances outline conservation measures and action plans for raising awareness and monitoring for compliance with marine turtle protection objectives.

Building Skills for Rescue of Marine Mammals Vulnerable to Stranding

In Quarter 3, Protect Wildlife also supported initial implementation of a marine mammal rescue training, in partnership with DENR-BMB, DENR Region 12 and Sarangani Bay PAMO. Through its regular monitoring activities, Sarangani Environmental Conservation and Protection Center (ECPC) has documented the presence of spinner dolphins, Fraser’s dolphins, short-finned pilot whales, Risso’s dolphins, dwarf sperm whales and pygmy sperm whales in Sarangani Bay—approximately a third of all known marine mammal species in Philippine waters. The center has also documented several marine mammal stranding incidents on the bay’s beaches, including killer whales, an unidentified beaked whale and dugongs.

Protect Wildlife helped organize a marine mammal stranding response training in March 2020. Through the activity, Protect Wildlife and partners reached 37 stakeholders from LGUs, DENR, DA-BFAR, CSOs, Environmental Conservation and Protection Center, academe, private sector and communities with best practices on marine mammal rescue focusing on use of nationally accepted protocols. All techniques were developed to reduce the stranded mammals’ stress and to practice proper handling in ensuring that the mammals’ return to the bay is completed as quickly as possible. The training had three specific objectives: provide knowledge and skills on the basic biology of marine mammals and proper handling and response during stranding incidents, understand the gaps in functionality of the existing wildlife rescue network and identify possible solutions, and draft a short-term action plan to aid in revitalizing the existing network. Recommendations developed from the training include institutional strengthening measures and a clarification of roles and responsibilities within the network. As with Glan municipality’s declaration on marine turtles, to promote sustainability and institutionalize efforts, Sarangani Bay selected the dugong as its flagship species.

Standing Up an Enforcement Body to Implement Wildlife and Environmental Laws

In addition to establishing rules and facilitating training, Protect Wildlife also provided technical support to build out enforcement actions to help police the bay. The activity launched work with the management board this year to develop an enforcement protocol—clear guidelines for strengthening protection and law enforcement capacity and one of the plan’s nine management focal areas. Under the enforcement protocol, the management board created the Sarangani Bay Law Enforcement Group, a multi-stakeholder group under the board’s law enforcement committee. The Law Enforcement Group coordinates and harmonizes the actions of enforcement groups at all levels in the protected seascape. It is composed of the DENR, DA-BFAR, Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine Navy, Department of National Defense, Philippine National Police and its Maritime Group, Integrated Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council, LGUs and NGOs.

With structure and membership clarified during the process, Protect Wildlife assisted the management board in formulating the system through a series of participatory writeshops. Through these efforts, Protect Wildlife helped partners to craft its enforcement protocol handbook for Sarangani Bay. The handbook provides guidance on enforcement operations and coordination between agencies, and also

112 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 serves as a resource on relevant laws and forms. The report addresses mandates and jurisdiction of the Law Enforcement Group and member-agencies, operational guidelines based on identified scenarios, enforcement operations, administrative complaints, pertinent laws, and applicable forms.

The new enforcement protocol was formally presented at the Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape Enforcement Summit on March 4, 2020, attended by LGUs of the six coastal municipalities of Sarangani Bay and the city of General Santos. The enforcement summit took place during Sarangani Bay Day festivities—the first celebration of the bay since it was declared a protected area in 1996. In addition to unveiling the protocol, Protect Wildlife helped to raise The Sarangani Bay Protected awareness and secure the support from member agencies Seascape Enforcement Protocol establishes clear guidelines for and local government units, who formalized their support via strengthening protection and law signature on a covenant of support at the conclusion of the enforcement capacity for the Sarangani summit. Bay Law Enforcement Group, composed of various enforcement agencies and units that patrol the bay.

Providing Technical Support that Spans the Abaca Value Chain Under the W-GDP Initiative

As a complement to Protect Wildlife’s efforts to strengthen management of protected areas and forest lands in Region 12, in Year 4, the team has been providing support to communities within protected areas and local conservation areas in South Cotabato and Sarangani to incentivize their participation in conservation and management initiatives. To reduce pressure on strict protection zones and the critical biodiversity within them, and demonstrate that investments in the protected area’s and local conservation area’s multiple use zones can meet the livelihood demands of local communities, Protect Wildlife, with partner LGUs and DENR, has launched initiatives with upland indigenous communities to enhance their skills in abaca and coffee production and marketing.

Based on the activity’s analysis, these two commodities are well established in the target upland communities, but due to reliance on traditional practices for cultivation and processing, the farmer communities are not able to meet the current demand for both processed abaca and Arabica and Robusta coffee beans, or consistently produce the quality level needed to secure the highest prices. In response,

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Protect Wildlife developed partnerships with the local people’s organizations’ enterprises—focusing on groups with high levels of female membership—microfinance institutions, LGUs, CSOs, national-line agencies such as DENR 12, Department of Agriculture Region 12 and PhilFIDA, and with other development projects, namely the United States Department of Agriculture-funded PhilCAFE Project and the World Bank- funded Philippine Rural Development Project. In partnership with these organizations, Protect Wildlife is collaborating with local abaca and coffee producer groups to introduce more conservation-friendly, and climate-resilient production methods; strengthen their access to credit to finance investments in their capacity and equipment; and to directly invest in post-harvest processing equipment and training to position the groups to Producing tinagak or continuous improve the quality of their products. abaca thread made from fine-quality abaca fiber is one of the important In the following sections, we present our Year 4 achievements skills learned by farmers in Maasim, Sarangani during workshops hosted with respect to abaca production and processing. Although by Protect Wildlife and partners in coffee production and processing training and planning activities the province. have commenced, the bulk of these efforts will be implemented in the first months of Year 5 and will be featured within these forthcoming reports.

Introducing Conservation-Friendly and Climate- Resilient Agriculture Practices

During the third quarter of Year 4, Protect Wildlife officially launched a Climate Smart Farmers’ Field School for abaca production, in partnership with PhilFIDA, Maasim LGU and Conrado and Ladislawa Alcantara Foundation, Inc. Cultivation and production of abaca has traditionally been practiced by communities living in the mountainous and forested areas of Mount Busa. From the strong fibers of abaca, farmers produce tinagak or abaca thread, which is made into sinamay or weaved abaca thread. Both are used by artisan weavers, who are mostly female, to produce clothing, bags, slippers, and various handicrafts and accessories. The bulk of abaca supply is used for ropes, twines, marine cordage, binders, cord, pulp, and paper products such as tea bags, filter paper, sausage skin, currency paper, vacuum filter, diapers and medical masks.

Climate Smart Farmers’ Field School on abaca production is a six-month training program that emanated from PhilFIDA’s Integrated Pests Management-Farmers’ Field School on abaca production. The program’s core curriculum covers all aspects of

114 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 abaca production and farm management technology, with emphasis on pest management, including farmers’ awareness and responsibility toward social and environment concerns. With Protect Wildlife’s support, PhilFIDA is executing a re-design of the program to integrate climate smart farming and conservation agricultural practices and agroforestry into the curriculum. The partners are working together to pilot the enhanced curriculum with 30 farmer-members of Datal Basak Upland Farmers Association, Ho’lgad Oli Lamnok Kluwel Farmers Association, and Moto Ladal Farmers Association, who all depend on abaca as their primary source of livelihood.

Through curriculum enhancements, Climate Smart Farmers’ Field School will increase farmers’ understanding of the ecosystem, climate change and biodiversity conservation, and how related knowledge and skills can be applied to make farm-level decisions in abaca production. This 24-week activity will also educate farmers on the biological importance of Mount Busa, its barangay boundaries, zoning, and the allowed and disallowed land and resource uses.

Protect Wildlife recognized this as an opportunity to strengthen an important source of livelihoods for indigenous farmers, while also promoting conservation and sustainable agroforestry methods to maintain permanent tree cover in upland areas. The enhanced curriculum is being piloted through the following three modules: 1. Community Awareness and Responsibility toward the Environment, which includes lessons on soil and water conservation management, forest landscape restoration, agroforestry systems and integrated nutrient management; 2. Technical Capability Enhancement, with sessions on soil sampling and testing, site selection, land preparation, intercropping and cultural management, the lifecycle of aphids and other insect pests, composting and mulching and organic pesticides; and 3. Practical Skills and Enterprise Development, which covers postharvest handling, farm recordkeeping, abaca value adding, enterprise development and leadership and values.

Protect Wildlife places significant focus in the curriculum re-design on the concept of agroforestry. Although abaca thrives under tree cover, proper agroforestry is not widely practiced in Mount Busa communities. For example, most T’boli farmers in Mount Busa apply traditional methods, often planting abaca too densely and failing to apply proper thinning and weeding practices. As a result, both abaca yield and income generation lag behind potential.

Agroforestry is an important technical innovation and land use system geared toward sustainable watershed management to improve farm productivity, ensure food security, increase income among upland farmers and enhance environmental protection. This land use system enhances the productive functions (increased yield and productivity of all the components), as well as the protective functions (soil erosion control, water conservation, carbon sequestration, etc.) of the upland farming system. Beyond diversification of farmers’ crop systems and income, agroforestry provides wildlife habitats and helps promote rainwater infiltration, control runoff and soil erosion, ensuring that farms absorb organic matter and nutrients that fuel growth. Trainers couple these lessons with soil and water conservation management practices that further promote healthy farms and ecosystems. Field school participants learn simple interventions, like mulching, crop rotation and the development of terraces, ditch and bund earth structures, grass strips, and diversion channels that promote water infiltration and soil conservation.

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Protect Wildlife is also developing content on the production of quality agroforestry trees, seed selection, propagation and nursery establishment and management. Along with agroforestry, climate change mitigation and adaptation, integrated nutrient management and forest landscape restoration are additional inputs that will be integrated in this field school curriculum. Once complete, Protect Wildlife and partners will work together to further refine the curriculum based on findings from its pilot implementation, and then incorporate it into PhilFIDA’s official abaca curriculum, which will be implemented across the Philippines.

Although the completion of the training was delayed due to restrictions put in place to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, Protect Wildlife and partners scheduled to begin new classes early in Year 5, Quarter 1, with new health and safety measures to ensure safe execution.

Strengthening Access to Financing for Local Enterprises and CSOs

In addition to training on improved cultivation methods, Protect Wildlife also supported efforts to scale up producers’ business efforts. Working with PRDP and PhilFIDA, the activity provided technical assistance to United Maligang Farmers Multi-Purpose Cooperative in Kiamba, Sarangani to position the co-op to serve as a consolidator of abaca fiber for regional producers. While they previously limited operations to Kiamba LGU, United Maligang expanded its operation province-wide after being selected to participate in the PRDP’s Enhancement of Production, Processing and Marketing of High Quality Abaca Fiber project. Through this project, the cooperative secured a ₱35.7 million infrastructure grant and accreditation as a grading and balling establishment. Through this, the cooperative became the lone PhilFIDA Abaca Licensed Trader-Exporter and Licensed Processor in the region.

Protect Wildlife aided the cooperative’s efforts to secure a loan through the Foundation for a Sustainable Society, Inc., an organization that has committed millions in microloans to support enterprise development efforts supported by the project. Protect Wildlife’s support extended from proposal preparation to award and monitoring on the utilization. Once secured, United Maligang applied the loan as a working capital to operationalization their province-wide abaca trading. Following release of the funding in November 2019, the cooperative began a mass purchasing effort, buying and consolidating abaca fiber from the municipal consolidators and walk-in farmers from across the province. Protect Wildlife also provided various organizational and enterprise development trainings to build the coop’s capacity for strategic planning, policy formulation, and marketing.

Currently, United Maligang serves as a leader in the abaca community, providing guidance and support to abaca producers and people’s organizations across Region 12, including the Knoon Highland Farmers Association from the municipality of T’boli an adjacent area in South Cotabato. United Maligang has also launched work with PhilFIDA, LGUs, and the private sector to ramp up training for people’s organizations, with aims to increase the supply of these lucrative fibers.

As a component of select face masks and personal protective equipment, the demand for abaca has rapidly increased over the previous quarter. PhilFIDA reports that the national consumption of abaca for local consumption and export in 2019 was 59.3 metric tons. PhilFIDA Davao officials have estimated that demand in 2020 will soar to more than double the previous’ year’s consumption. Currently, United

116 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Maligang has a monthly target of 10 tons as part of its marketing agreement with Ching Bee, one of the largest abaca trader, processor, and exporter in the country.

In the coming quarters, Protect Wildlife will continue to extend support to the cooperative, graduating abaca producers from the climate smart farmer field school who will bring the enhanced skills needed to ramp up supply, as well as direct support to United Maligang on business planning and capacity building.

Investing in Improved Post-Harvest Processing and Efficiency

To further strengthen local abaca producers as a component Spindle stripping machines will not of the project’s integrated approach to conservation and only help farmers strip abaca fibers livelihoods, Protect Wildlife is striving, under USAID’s W- much faster. These will also greatly improve the quality of their processed GDP Initiative, to invest in improved processing technology. fiber, helping farmers command a better price for their abaca products.

When completing the activity’s original assessments of abaca producers, local farmers raised concerns regarding a lack of production facilities and equipment. Reflecting on the absence of these tools, during validation and focused group discussion, farmers informed the activity that matured abaca plants were simply left in the fields due to the limited capacity for processing. PhilFIDA advises that the majority of Region 12’s upland farmers still rely on the manual process of stripping abaca fiber, which is 10 to 20 times slower compared to using mechanized processing.

Through the W-GDP Initiative, Protect Wildlife was able to invest in improved processing equipment for these farmers. On June 8, the activity awarded four spindle stripping machines to abaca farmers in Sitio Datal Basak in Maasim, Sarangani. Protect Wildlife partners, CLAFI and PhilFIDA, also contributed to this support.

Using the portable machines will position abaca farmers of Holic Farmers Association, Moto Ladal Farmers Association, and Datal Basak Upland Farmers Association to produce abaca fibers up to 20 times faster than stripping by hand. Mechanized production also greatly improves the quality of abaca fiber and increases its volume by up to 72 percent, helping farmers to command a better price from consolidators such as United Maligang.

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In the coming quarters, Protect Wildlife plans to award three additional spindle stripping machines to Knoon Highland Farmers Association, located within the Allah Valley Protected Landscape in the municipality of T’boli, South Cotabato; Upper Valley Rural Improvement Club Maitum located within Mount Busa Sarangani Complex Local Conservation Area in the municipality of Maitum, Sarangani; and Lake Sebu Indigenous Women Weavers Association located within the Allah Valley Protected Landscape in the municipality of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato.

Collectively, Protect Wildlife’s efforts across the abaca value chain will help abaca farmers, processors and consolidators to respond to the growing demand for abaca fiber for medical-grade and eco-friendly face masks and personal protective equipment—while also boosting local livelihoods facing the unprecedented economic downturn resulting from COVID-19 and response measures. Through this highly targeted support, the activity is promoting an economic pathway through sustainable, conservation-based practices among abaca farmers, while reinforcing the need to conserve Mount Busa and other forests in Region 12, where abaca plants thrive.

REGION 12 ACTIVITIES FROM YEAR 4, QUARTER 4

In the table below, Protect Wildlife presents activities implemented within the April 1 to June 30, 2020 period.

TABLE 9: YEAR 4, QUARTER 4 PROGRESS REPORT IN GENSAN-SARANGANI- SOUTH COTABATO

FOCAL AREAS / SA ACTIVITIES DATE PARTNERS Follow-up discussions with General Santos City’s Office of the Integrated SA 2 Barangay Affairs and some PES partners on the submission of signed May-June 2020 Memorandum of Agreements on PES. Mount Matutum Preparation of a detailed design and schedule for the conduct of SA 3 integrated conservation and development training for communities in June 2020 Mount Matutum barangays. Submission of draft protocols for marine turtle hatchery and turtle SA 3 April 2020 nests/egg management to PAMO. Presentation of the marine turtle conservation and hatchery protocols to SA 3 June 25, 2020 the PAMB, which approved the adoption of the protocols. Finalized the report on Capacity Building for Marine Mammal Stranding Sarangani Bay SA 3 Response and Rescue with an action plan for strengthening the Marine May 2020 Wildlife Response Team. The report was submitted to PAMO. With RD Foundation, initiated the Pawikan Conservation Campaign in Barangay Burias, Glan. Marine turtle conservation billboards were pre- SA 1 May-June 2020 tested and the artwork was refined to include translations. The conceptualization of a comics type of material was also initiated. Coordination with the Allah Valley PAMO for the completion of Allah Valley SA 3 May 2020 management zoning recommendations and map projections. Coordination work with PhilFIDA and CLAFI to finalize the training and Mount Busa SA 2 session guides in preparation for the resumption of the abaca field school May-June 2020 sessions in July and the turnover of abaca stripping machines. The design

118 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 FOCAL AREAS / SA ACTIVITIES DATE PARTNERS and schedule of other training activities related to abaca production stripping machine operations were also finalized. Turn-over of four abaca stripping machines to three abaca producing June 8, 2020 SA 2 farmers’ associations in Maasim, Sarangani. Together with the LGU staff of Maitum and Kiamba, Sarangani, visits to 9 barangays to finalize arrangements and schedule with barangay councils for June 25-26, SA 3 the conduct of land use validation exercises as part of the process for 2020 preparing the management plan for the Mount Busa Local Conservation Area. The validations activities were set for July 2020. Review and submission to the South Cotabato Provincial Environmental SA 2 Management Office of the draft PES ordinance, with recommendations April 2020 from Protect Wildlife. Consolidation of inputs of LGU inputs to the South Cotabato BSAP and SA 3 May-June 2020 South Cotabato initial drafting of the plan. Preparation of a detailed design and schedule for the conduct of SA 3 integrated conservation and development training for communities in June 2020 LGUs that are preparing FLUPs. Technical support to Upper Lumabat Small Farmers Cooperative in the drafting and submission of a ₱3 million loan proposal to FSSI to finance SA 2 May 2020 the upgrading of its cacao production, marketing of dried cacao beans, and FSSI processing of cacao into tablea. Technical support to the Tribal Leader Development Foundation in SA 2 preparing and submission of its loan proposal to the FSSI for a potable May 2020 water system expansion project. Teleconference with the PhilCAFE project team for the development of ACDI-VOCA / SA 2 the fifth module of the coffee manual, which will feature the integration of June 22, 2020 PhilCAFE agroforestry system and other conservation related topics.

PLANS FOR NEXT QUARTER

SA 1: Behavior Change Communication

Theory of Change Result: Improved community attitudes toward conservation • Complete the development of outreach job aids (flipcharts, comic books, etc.) that will serve as a toolkit for partners to relay conservation concepts and messages, such as marine turtle. handling, during community trainings and meetings. • Produce the billboards for the marine turtle campaign for installation by partners. • Deploy School in a Bag materials to eight selected schools in Sarangani and South Cotabato. • Finalize arrangements for the end-line KAP survey in Glan, Sarangani.

SA 2: Conservation Financing

Theory of Change Result: Available conservation financing arrangements are identified and realigned to support conservation

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• Support efforts of South Cotabato provincial government to enact a PES provincial ordinance; assist organize technical working group discussions and presentations to stakeholders. • Conduct Training of Trainers on PES for South Cotabato. The training will be delivered through virtual sessions until travel restrictions are lifted for resource persons from Manila.

Theory of Change Result: Government and CSOs implement financing arrangements

• Follow up and guide PES partners who attended the negotiations workshop in March 2020 on next steps toward the signing of memoranda of agreements. • Assist concerned staff of the four LGUs in Mount Matutum and the City of General Santos in presenting PES to their respective municipal and city legislative councils to secure authority for the local chief executives to sign the PES memorandum of agreement. • Continue to assist people’s organizations develop conservation or livelihood proposals for submission to FSSI or to other potential funding partners.

Theory of Change Result: Improved value chains for livelihoods and enterprises generates revenues

• Initiate the conduct of organizational strengthening and enterprise management training to target people’s organizations in South Cotabato and Sarangani. The activity will tap partner national agencies, CSOs and private organizations to deliver the training. • Deliver support materials (training materials, inputs, and post-harvest and processing equipment) for people’s organizations that are engaged in abaca, cacao and coffee enterprises. Conduct training on the proper operations of the equipment and assist recipients in the development of policies for the operations and maintenance of these equipment. • Continue and complete sessions of the Climate Smart Farmers’ Field School for abaca. Complete the curriculum and session guides for the field school for use of PhilFIDA in other sites. • Organize meetings with CLAFI, RD Foundation, PRDP, PhilFIDA and CDSO to assess the status of implementation activities and update joint work plans for the remaining period of the activity in the region.

Theory of Change Result: Social, economic and environmental benefits from communities, revenue for LGUs and profit/goodwill for private sector generated

• Validate the number of men and women, and household members benefiting from Protect Wildlife-supported livelihood and microenterprise initiatives, as well as other assistance that contributes to economic benefits, and document benefit flows. • Initiate the development of a case study on the coffee and abaca enterprise in the region, highlighting private sector engagement in enterprise development activities.

120 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 SA 3: Conservation and Governance

Theory of Change Result: Increased capacity of relevant government agencies, protected area management boards and CSOs in integrated resource planning and management

• Continue to assist DENR 12 and Local Government Units in the completion and finalization of Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan for the province of South Cotabato. When possible, conduct a small consultative workshop for the Sarangani BSAP toward the end of the quarter. • In close coordination with DENR 12 and PEMO South Cotabato, continue the conduct of coaching and mentoring of partners LGUs in finalizing their FLUP. • Initiate integrated conservation and development training for upland community members of LGUs in South Cotabato that are preparing their FLUPs. Timing for the training will depend on the lifting of restrictions on travel and training in South Cotabato. • Collaborate with CENRO Kiamba, Sarangani province, Mount Busa Task Force and other partners in preparing the management plans for Mount Busa and Allah Valley. • Conduct drone image processing and analysis training program for DENR and partner agencies.

Theory of Change Result: LGUs co-lead with DENR in conservation and enforcement efforts

• Develop activity design and field implementation plan for the proposed delineation of Mount Matutum strict protection zone, as well as its partial demarcation. • Develop the activity design and field implementation plan for the proposed delineation and demarcation of selected marine protected areas and other conservation zones in Sarangani Bay.

Theory of Change: PAMB formulates improved policies for better protected area management

• Assist the Mount Matutum management board in updating its PES policy in the light of current PES initiatives. • Support the development of enforcement protocol for Mount Matutum. • Support the adoption and implementation of the marine turtle conservation and hatchery protocols by the Sarangani Bay management board. • Support initiative to develop criteria and schedule of administrative fines for Sarangani Bay in line with the ENIPAS Law.

Theory of Change Result: Professional development of WEOs, enforcement groups and LGU zoning officers is supported

• Support training of Sarangani Bay enforcers, tapping local resource persons from DA-BFAR and DENR. • Collaborate with CENRO Kiamba in the conduct of enforcement training for community WEOs for Mount Busa.

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SA 4: Conservation Research

Theory of Change: Capacity of universities and local research organizations to leverage funds, do research and curriculum development, and disseminate research results increased

• Provide coordination and logistics support to the following Protect Wildlife-funded research activities: ▪ Amphibians and reptiles in Mount Busa (student research) ▪ Diversity and composition of pteridophytes in Mount Matutum (student research) ▪ Biodiversity survey and tarsier research in Mount Matutum (UP Institute of Biology) • Monitor adoption and use of outcomes-based-education teaching tools and materials for the marine biology, environmental sciences, and related programs of the Mindanao State University- General Santos City.

Theory of Change Result: Science-based information for policy-makers, program designers and enforcement agencies produced

• Complete interviews of target respondents from Region 12 for the CAPTURED study.

SA 5: Wildlife Law Enforcement

Theory of Change Result: National and local law enforcement capacity improved

• Conduct workshops for the development of enforcement database for Mount Matutum and Sarangani Bay. • Continue assist in the development of local policies or ordinances on flagship species and flagship species conservation plan. Assist Glan LGU in drafting an ordinance for the protection and conservation of raptors. • Support the development of enforcement protocol for Mount Matutum.

Theory of Change Result: Local enforcement improved

• Collect and analyze data on enforcement actions to assess enforcement performance and results of technical assistance.

REGION 3

In this section, Protect Wildlife presents Year 4 highlights from Region 3, where the team has addressed biodiversity conservation and CWT issues in selected sites in Aurora, Nueva Ecija and Bataan provinces. Following a presentation of highlights, we present a summary of Region 3 activities from the previous quarter, April to June 2020, and preview priority activities scheduled for the next quarter—from July 1 to September 30, 2020—which are listed according to SA Theory of Change results. Notably, this will be the final quarter of implementation in Region 3. Activities will be focused on handing over ongoing initiatives to local partners and executing closeout of the Region 3 office in Palayan City.

122 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 HIGHLIGHTS FOR YEAR 4

Year 4 highlights from Region 3 include a series of complementary activities, whereby the activity balances support for management planning and conservation work— adoption of the Aurora Memorial National Park 10-year management plan and PBSAP localization efforts—with livelihood-focused support, including technical assistance to the Salabusob Integrated Livelihood Association of Women (SILAW) to strengthen its turmeric enterprise, and helping to mobilize support under a new bamboo industry roadmap. These stories are presented in more detail in the following sections.

PAMB Adopts and Launches Initial Technical The vision of the Aurora Memorial Activities Under the 10-Year Management Plan of National Park Management Plan Aurora Memorial National Park is divided into short-term goals and corresponding tactics to protect and conserve biodiversity, forest lands and On November 2019, the Aurora Memorial National Park other priority wildlife habitats in the PAMB passed Resolution No. 2019-12, adopting its 10-year park through a range of approaches. These include BCC campaigns, protected area management plan. Prepared by the PAMB’s sustainable livelihoods, enforcement designated technical working group, with assistance from measures, improved management, Protect Wildlife, the management plan will serve as a 10-year sustainable financing schemes, and climate and disaster risk management road map toward the achievement of the following long- interventions. term vision: “Aurora Memorial National Park, a protected area rich in biodiversity, ecological, historical and cultural values and a renowned ecotourism destination, managed by an effective PAMB in partnership with empowered, responsible and resilient stakeholders toward economic and environmental sustainability.”

The vision is divided into nine short-term, five-year goals and corresponding tactics to protect and conserve existing biodiversity, forest lands and other priority wildlife habitats through a range of approaches, including the following: • BCC campaigns and sustainable livelihoods support to raise awareness and incentivize compliance; • Enforcement measures and improved management tactics to monitor and arrest degradation and outright crime; and • Sustainable financing schemes and climate and disaster risk management interventions to strengthen resilience of the protected area and its stakeholders.

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These strategies will be selectively deployed across the park’s strict protection zones and multiple-use zones. The purpose of zoning is to rationalize the allocation of land and resource uses and prescribe guidelines and standards for protecting and conserving the park’s biological, ecological, historical and sociocultural values without sacrificing the health and livelihood needs of its inhabitants and buffer zone communities. • Strict protection zone areas are set aside for the highest protection in order to maintain biological and other values. These zones, which encompass 5,288 hectares or approximately 81 percent of the park’s total land area, cover areas at high risk to geohazards, such as landslides and flooding, easements for water bodies, areas of cultural and ceremonial importance to the indigenous peoples and other unique natural features such as caves and waterfalls. • To balance protection and socioeconomic demands, the park’s multiple-use zones are designated to support the need for settlement, food, sustainable materials, sustainable livelihood and conservation enterprises, and improved revenue generation for the integrated protected area fund. With more permissive rules and guidelines for resource use and extraction, multiple- use zones, which cover 1,228 hectares or the remaining 19 percent of the park, are comprised of settlements, traditional and sustainable land use agriculture, agroforestry, and extraction activities, and income-generating or livelihood activities.

Implementation of the management plan is the joint responsibility of the PAMB and the PAMO. With the plan in place, the PAMO, headed by a protected area superintendent, and the PAMB have launched implementation of initial activities. In the following sections, we present highlights from activities that are underway, with Protect Wildlife technical support.

Wildlife Protection and Conservation

Protect Wildlife supported PAMB efforts to develop its manual of operations, the framework and guidelines for executing conservation objectives. The manual, drafted in accordance with DENR-BMB Technical Bulletin No. 2017-04, sets forth the minimum standards for PAMB’s operations and conduct of business. It describes, among others, the PAMB’s guiding principles, organizational structure, functional relationship with DENR, operating system and financial administration. The manual was adopted by the PAMB on October 10, 2019.

Using the manual as a guide, the PAMB is implementing a range of projected area management interventions. For example, the DENR has conducted periodic biodiversity monitoring in designated areas within the park using the biodiversity monitoring system to record data on natural biological resources and their utilization. Threats commonly encountered include timber poaching, slash-and-burn farming, illegal occupancy and gathering of orchids. Among the birds observed are crested serpent eagle, tarictic hornbill, barred honey buzzard, and swift. Monitoring is conducted quarterly, with local officials employing four approaches: focus group discussions, field diary, photo documentation and transect walks. Park officials have established permanent monitoring stations at Dimani in Villa Aurora, Maria Aurora. The focus is in data collection and analysis to identify trends in biodiversity and apply findings to guide actions in protected area management.

Protect Wildlife also launched policy and awareness raising interventions around conservation objectives addressed in the management plan. On November 2019, pursuant to the Wildlife Resources

124 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Conservation and Protection Act, Protect Wildlife conducted an orientation on flagship species—the selection and promotion of iconic species that can serve as emblems of conservation for protected areas. During the workshop, the PAMB shortlisted two important wildlife species found in the park: the Philippine eagle and Rafflesia lagascae. Both are priority species for conservation because of their rarity and uniqueness, and their designation as critically endangered. Hence, the PAMB officially adopted them as flagship species through Resolution No. 2019- 13.

Protect Wildlife is also supporting efforts to roll-out the initiative in Region 3 LGUs. In January 2020, the team Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga conducted a follow-up workshop on the adoption of flagship jefferyi), flagship species of Bongabon, species by LGUs within the park. Bongabon, Maria Aurora and Nueva Ecija and Maria Aurora, Aurora

San Luis LGUs are in the process of passing ordinances to adopt their respective flagship species, the Philippine eagle for Bongabon and Maria Aurora; and rafflesia for San Luis. The ordinances include provisions on prohibited acts like killing, inflicting injury, trading, collecting, hunting, possessing and trading of said wildlife species, with corresponding penalties. The ordinances also include provisions on the protection of the species’ habitats, with prohibitions on squatting, slash and burn faming and dumping of garbage, among others. Protect Wildlife continues to coordinate with local officials regarding public hearings for the passage and adoption of the ordinances—which have been delayed due to COVID-19 restrictions. Rafflesia lagascae, flagship species of San Luis, Aurora Sustainable Livelihood Interventions

Like most protected areas in the Philippines, Aurora Memorial National Park has areas occupied by forest dwellers—a stark reminder of the importance of balancing restrictions and enforcement with interventions that support local habitants in a sustainable manner. There are four established barangays inside the park: Villa Aurora, Labi, Diteki and Calaanan. The majority of the occupants depend from the resources in the park for their livelihood. Protect Wildlife, with the PAMO, strive to improve access to secure, and sustainable, livelihood opportunities to legitimate occupants of the park as a strategy to increase their environmental compliance and commitment as conservation partners (Short-term Goal 5). To this end, Protect Wildlife, through its W-GDP Initiative, has started supporting the Salabusob Integrated Livelihood Association of Women in

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their turmeric production enterprise.

SILAW was informally organized in 2008 and registered under DOLE as a farm workers’ association on July 26, 2011. Turmeric production and drying was introduced by the Institute for Foundation Learning, which provided training on care and management of turmeric and linked them to Tropical Farms, a food processor in Quezon City. For six years, the group managed a communal farm, but then transitioned to supporting its members to individually plant turmeric at their farm lots—within the park’s multiple-use zones—which were allotted by the DENR.

Following this transition, however, and less engagement with Institute for Foundation Learning, the market linkages began to wither and increasingly, their produce was left unsold. From its original membership of 23, eight remain active, and are engaged in turmeric production and processing into turmeric chips or powder, which they retail to the community and local buyers.

SILAW’s original buyer, Tropical Blend in Manila, remains interested but needs reassurance that the enterprise can meet its monthly volume demand for dried sliced turmeric chips. Currently, the individual households are doing backyard drying of their turmeric produce using trays made of bamboo. SILAW’s weekly capacity represents only 16 percent of the total monthly demand. To deliver even this limited output, the women members spend long hours, manually slicing the turmeric rhizomes using kitchen knives.

Protect Wildlife, under the W-GDP Initiative, is targeting its support to SILAW on three primary fronts: to build the enterprise’s organizational and business planning capacity, while also investing in processing enhancements and revitalizing its market linkages. When Protect Wildlife launched its engagement, the group drew in nine additional members, with 17 participating in learning sessions and organizational assessments. With the groups expanded membership, Protect Wildlife will advance work in the first quarter of Year 5 to provide capacity building on organizational and business management and planning, and invest in a multi-commodity solar tunnel dryer to increase processing capacity. Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization, Protect Wildlife’s advisory partner for processing equipment design and operations under W-GDP, notes that dryers can produce up to 700 kilograms per week. While that level of production is not envisioned, the investment will position the SILAW to meet or exceed Tropical Blend’s volume demands, thus restoring confidence in their marketing partnership.

To further support sustainable livelihoods in the park, Protect Wildlife also opened initial discussions with Sunlight Foods Corporation, Protect Wildlife’s partner in southern Palawan for ube production. Protect Wildlife is targeting Kalipunan ng Liping Pilipina, a women’s group inside the park, as possible enterprise partners through a contract growing scheme. With the Municipal Agriculture Office, the activity is supporting a soil analysis to gauge the viability of ube cultivation within interested farmers’ lots.

Wildlife and Environmental Crime Enforcement

To reduce the threats from illegal activities and harmful practices, Protect Wildlife, in coordination with PAMO, drafted two core policies—for standing up a PAMB Law Enforcement Committee; and to develop an Aurora Memorial National Park Law Enforcement Protocol—as guidelines for enforcement

126 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 in the park.

The committee has the following functions: 1. Recommend measures to address threats, issues and concerns related, but not limited to resource use conflicts; 2. Monitor and report to the community on the enforcement and compliance with agreed upon rules and regulations to protect species or habitat; 3. Review the threats and sources of threats to biodiversity resources and ecosystems of the protected area as well as location of exits, entry and routes to the protected area; 4. Review policies and regulations on acceptable/allowable activities, including safety protocols on the activities of permitted hunters, gatherers of timber and non-timber forest products, pasture land owners, farmers, traders, officers and staff other government facilities, school children and youth, barangay officials and other residents of the communities inside and around the protected area; 5. Formulate coordinating mechanism/arrangements with local communities to prevent illegal activities, in dealing with violators, seizures or confiscation and preservation of evidence, in case of violators; 6. Facilitate and coordinate the formulation, approval and implementation of the Protected Area Protection Plan in collaboration with the Protected Area Law Enforcement Team, law enforcement and regulating agencies such the police, military, and members of the judiciary LGU (Sangguniang Barangay) representatives, resources users and residents of the communities inside and around the protected area; 7. Recommend the deputation of volunteers for protection and enforcement and coordinate their training and subsequent deployment; and 8. Monitor and review reports of compliance of deputized Environment and Natural Resources Officers, volunteers and stakeholders with the Protected Area Protection Plan.

The Law Enforcement Protocol will serve as the playbook for the committee, with guidelines on implementation of enforcement and conduct. The protocol identifies coordination mechanisms between offices and officials, hot spot areas, and patrol sectors. The overarching intent is to provide uniform guidelines for PAMO, PAMB and other implementation partners on the various steps involved in enforcement for various cases. It also includes provisions on surveillance, arrest, search, seizure and detention and preservation and handling of evidence, with the end view of minimizing possible errors and administrative lapses in these sensitive duties.

Strengthening Resilience with Sustainable Financing

Lastly, to improve protected area financing (Short-term Goal 9), Protect Wildlife supported efforts to draft a policy on establishing rates and fees for use toward protected area management and operations. Fees that may be collected include entrance fees, facilities use, fees for recreational/ecotourism activities, fees for commercial documentation, and development fees. With PASu, Protect Wildlife referred to a range of national- and protected area-level orders and planning documents to establish fee values, including DENR Administrative Orders on rates and fees for entrance and use of protected area resources (Administrative Order 2016-24) and on rules on special uses within protected areas (Administrative Order 2018-05); and the 2016 Aurora Memorial National Park Ecotourism Business

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Plan and Protected Area Management Plan.

Income derived from fees will be deposited to the park’s integrated protected area fund, 25 percent of which will be remitted to central integrated protected area fund while the remaining 75 percent will be retained in the protected area to finance local initiatives. The PAMB projects that within the first five years of management plan implementation, the fees will generate up to ₱60 million in revenue. This would cover approximately 25 percent of the management plan implementation costs for the period.

Next quarter, Protect Wildlife will meet with the PAMB in a special meeting as a closeout activity for Protect Wildlife. Two major policies are scheduled to be approved: the Law Enforcement Protocol, and Rates and Fees for Use of the Protected Area. Prior to closing the office, the team will facilitate an initial review of management plan implementation, identifying factors that either facilitate or hinder the execution of planned activities. From it, strategies will be formulated that will guide the PAMB and the PAMO in realizing the management plan’s vision.

Balancing Conservation and Production Objectives with Parallel Planning Activities, Formulation of Aurora BSAP and Bamboo Industry Development Roadmap

Recognizing that poverty and limited access to economic opportunities are key drivers of resource degradation and biodiversity loss, Protect Wildlife is aiding local officials’ efforts to balance biodiversity planning and implementation actions with programs to address socioeconomic concerns. In line with this approach, the Region 3 team paired its support to Aurora provincial officials for a Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP), with contributions to the development of a Bamboo Industry Development Roadmap. Below, we first present background on the project’s support to the Aurora BSAP, which is focused on biodiversity conservation and protection initiatives. This is followed by a profile of the Bamboo Industry Development Roadmap, which the project team presented to local officials as an opportunity to promote sustainable economic development in the province that can contribute to, rather than detract from BSAP objectives.

Aurora Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

The Aurora BSAP is being prepared by the representatives from the DENR, provincial and municipal LGUs, DA-BFAR, National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Aurora State College of Technology, and local NGO Daluhay. The Aurora BSAP will feed into the national-level PBSAP. Aurora provincial officials, through the BSAP, will establish local targets and operationalize the plan for local implementation. Through the framework, the DENR and the province of Aurora will encourage LGUs to integrate biodiversity targets and financing mechanisms into their respective areas under their CLUPs, especially those biodiversity assets in protected areas, forest lands, ancestral domain, and coastal and marine areas.

Following workshop modules prepared by Protect Wildlife, DENR-BMB and BIOFIN, the team conducted a BSAP provincial consultation in Baler, Aurora from January 28 to 30, 2020. The activity drew 45 personnel from the DENR, provincial and municipal LGUs, NCIP and Daluhay. The participants set the 2020 to 2028 BSAP provincial targets and identified activities to achieve those targets, estimated the financing requirements to implement the BSAP, and explored opportunities to secure financing in

128 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 support of implementation. BIOFIN also presented a menu of possible funding sources including direct budget support from LGUs, support from partners in the donor community and support from local NGOs, as well as an exploration of user fees, and crowdsourcing, among others.

Out of the 20 targets set in the national BSAP, the localized Aurora BSAP identified 16 targets to formulate biodiversity strategies and action plans for implementation from 2020 to 2028. The plan aims to maintain conservation status of 23 threatened species in the province from the 2016 levels. Species include the yakal (Shorea astylosal), apitong (Dipterocarpus philippinensis), narra (Pterocarpus indicus), kalantas (Toona calantas), kamagong (Diospyros discolor), makaasim (Syzygium nitidum), malabayabas (Tristaniopsis decorticate), molave (Vitex parviflora), pitcher plant (Nepenthes barcelonae), rafflesia (Rafflesia manillana/lagascae), Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyii), kalaw (Aceros waldeni), Luzon bleeding heart (Gallicolumba luzonica), Philippine warty pig (Sus philippinensis), Philippine deer (Rusa marianna), Golden- crowned flying fox (Acerodon jubatus), hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) and dugong (Dugong dugon).

To achieve targets, Protect Wildlife is helping local officials to develop strategies to protect Aurora’s existing forest cover of 218,571 hectares consisting of 132,538 ha of closed forests, 85,518 ha of open forests and 521 ha of mangroves. Likewise, the plan aims to protect marine ecosystems, migratory birds, caves and Indigenous Community Conservation Areas to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems and to provide employment and or alternative livelihood opportunities to indigenous peoples and communities. For lowland communities, strategies are also set to ensure that they will enjoy sustainably the various ecosystem goods and services from the watersheds.

Following the January 2020 workshop to establish targets, Protect Wildlife and stakeholders focused on revising the plan’s maps and gathering reference materials on marine biodiversity to further refine activities and targets. On June 10, 2020, Protect Wildlife helped to facilitate a virtual conference with DENR-BMB, PENRO Aurora and CENROs Dingalan and Casiguran to present the first draft of the BSAP. Through the meeting, the DENR committed to assign a focal person at CENRO to finalize the matrices of targets and activities, and cost computation. The DENR will also engage municipal LGUs to ensure that their respective concerns are included in the plan. The provincial BSAP draft is targeted for completion next quarter, followed by review and approval through DENR Region 3 and DENR-BMB, the provincial development council, and the provincial legislative council for adoption.

While the BSAP focuses on protected and conservation areas, it recognizes that reduction of threats to biodiversity requires broader and coordinated actions that extend beyond identified conservation areas and wildlife habitats. It is important that land use planning of LGUs, economic investments, tourism plans of the province are aligned with or support the biodiversity goals of the province. In line with these objectives, Protect Wildlife is providing support for one of the more promising investment and development plans—a bamboo roadmap.

Aurora Bamboo Industry Development Roadmap Protect Wildlife launched its support for the roadmap based on an analysis of the demand for bamboo, its viability in the province, and past investments to start bamboo enterprises in Aurora. Traditional bamboo products now in demand include materials for house construction such as scaffoldings, fence materials, floor and walls, and bamboo huts; bamboo poles for use as outriggers and as slats for boats;

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and woven products like baskets, winnower, and barbeque sticks. Presently, there is only one Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)-assisted small enterprise in Aurora. The Dipaculao LGU enterprise, managed by Croppers/Sharesmen Association, Inc., manufactures engineered bamboo and cannot, based on its current capacity, meet the demand for the product across the region. While there is existing supply (approximately 100,000 bamboo clumps inside private lands in 74 barangays), and potential to increase cultivation, there is also unmet demand for bamboo within the region.

With assistance from Protect Wildlife in Year 4, the members of the Aurora Bamboo Industry Development Council initiated preparation of the road map through consultations and planning sessions. The resulting draft roadmap charts a pathway to develop bamboo-based communities that can complement development of the bamboo industry through cultivation of bamboo stands, and development of enterprises to produce micro engineered bamboo, furniture and handicrafts, charcoal. The roadmap includes recommendations on a range of incentives that the provincial LGU and DTI Shared Shelter Facilities program officials could put in place to cultivate a stronger bamboo industry. Recommended incentives include training on postharvest processing and production, linkages to the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation for subsidized insurance, and development of more efficient permitting and licensing processes. Many of the incentive programs would be led by Bamboo Industry Development Council members that include representatives from LGUs and national government agencies that have existing programs that could be quickly deployed following roadmap approval.

A concerted effort to expand bamboo cultivation and production in Aurora would complement the province’s BSAP in a number of ways:

• Bamboo plantations can support creation of conservation-related livelihoods for tenured forestland occupants. A large potential for bamboo production is in the province’s production forestlands. A DENR inventory conducted in 2010 shows that there are 798 hectares of bamboo planted inside various Community-Based Forest Management tenured areas under the National Greening Program. From review of LGU FLUPs, there is ample room for further expansion of bamboo production—approximately 9,000 open hectares could be developed as bamboo plantations. This disincentives, or replaces alternative, and more harmful or illegal livelihood endeavors like establishing swidden farms, illegal logging and hunting and poaching of wildlife. • Bamboo is a reforestation species. It is used to restore degraded ecosystems. It can serve as important habitat to some wildlife species like birds, snakes, forest mice monkeys and lemur. • Bamboo forests or plantations contribute to strengthening of ecosystem services’ regulating functions. Bamboo acts as a carbon sink, produces oxygen, provides organic matter, beautifies a landscape and regulates water levels in the watershed.

With the Provincial LGU and DTI, Protect Wildlife finalized a draft road map for presentation to the Provincial Bamboo Industry Development Council next quarter. Other pending actions include the expansion of council membership to include municipal LGU representatives, translating the roadmap into an actionable program, and validation and management of existing bamboo clumps and plantations.

130 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 REGION 3 ACTIVITIES FROM YEAR 4, QUARTER 4

In the table below, Protect Wildlife presents activities implemented within the April 1 to June 30, 2020 period.

TABLE 10: YEAR 4, QUARTER 4 PROGRESS REPORT IN REGION 3

FOCAL AREAS SA ACTIVITIES DATES / PARTNERS Drafting and submission to the PASu of a resolution creating a PAMB Committee May SA 5 on Law Enforcement and the draft of General Enforcement and Coordination 2020 Protocol. Drafting and submission to the PASu of a draft PAMB resolution establishing June SA 2 rates and fees for the use of Aurora Memorial National Park. 2020 Aurora Memorial Market scanning for turmeric products (raw, chips and powder) in support of the National Park proposed micro enterprise of SILAW. Buyers and processors in Region 3 and June SA 2 Metro Manila were identified and their requirements and pricing were 2019 determined. The study will enable SILAW to understand the market for turmeric and inform their decision on the turmeric product that it will produce. Discussions with the Nueva Ecija Provincial Director of DTI on institutional June SA 2 support to SILAW under its small and medium enterprise development program. 2020 Assistance to CENROs Dingalan and Cabanatuan and Dingalan and San Luis LGUs of Aurora, and Bongabon, Gabaldon and Laur LGUs of Nueva Ecija in the May 4-8, SA 3 finalization of the memorandum of understanding for the protection of Mount 2020 Mingan as a critical habitat for Philippine eagle and other wildlife. Mount Mingan Review by the above group of the draft memorandum. The body agreed to push through with the signing of the memorandum after it is revised to consider new June 17, SA 3 inputs. Tasks were assigned to specific organizations for the finalization of the 2020 memorandum. Assistance to the Aurora provincial council in drafting a provincial ordinance on April SA 3 the selection and declaration of flagship species in the eight municipalities of 2020 Aurora. Assistance to Baler LGU in drafting a municipal ordinance titled “Regulating the Transport of Fish and Fishery Products Coming In and Out of the Municipality of April SA 5 Baler, Aurora, Providing Penalty Therefore and Formulating the Necessary 2020 Implementing Rules and Regulations for the Purpose.” A draft ordinance was Aurora Province subsequently submitted to the LGU for deliberation and finalization. With DENR Region 3, PENRO Aurora, CENROs and LGUs and CSO partners, gathering of updated data and shape files for the preparation of Aurora BSAP. May-June SA 3 Several online meeting were held subsequently to review status of BSAP, address 2020 data gaps and set timelines for completion of the plan. Drafting of the Aurora Bamboo Industry Roadmap and presentation to DENR, May-June SA 3 Aurora provincial government and DTI Aurora. 2020 PES team meeting to re-strategize and adjust the technical assistance so it can be May SA 2 completed by September 2020. It was agreed to focus technical assistance to 2020 Bagac LGU. Virtual meeting with DENR-FMB, PENRO Bataan, PASu of Bataan Natural Park, June Bataan Province SA 2 CENRO Bagac and Bagac LGU to schedule the remaining modules to complete 2020 PES establishment in the municipality of Bagac. Gathering of information from PENRO and CENROs from Bataan, NGP June SA 3 coordinators, Bureau of Fire Protection and LGUs in Bataan on issues related to 2020

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FOCAL AREAS SA ACTIVITIES DATES / PARTNERS grassland and forest fires in the province. These will form part of inputs to the development of the Forest Fire Suppression Manual.

Online meeting with DENR-FMB to plan activities on how to improve the value chain of high value crops being produced in NGP sites in Bataan. Pilot sites will June 2, SA 3 be in Bagac and Morong. The proposed plan will be presented to the DENR-FMB 2020 director. Virtual meeting with PENRO Bataan, CENRO Bagac and Mariveles LGU to plan the conduct of the site assessment of marine turtle nesting sites and training. The June SA 3 assessment will lead to the development of local protocols and standards on the 2020 proper handling of marine turtles, eggs and hatchlings, and the establishment and management of marine turtle hatcheries. Assistance to DENR Region 3 in the development of a social media campaign to promote BCC messaging during the quarantine period. The first social media post was published on June 3, 2020 on the DENR 3 Facebook page. June DENR Region 3 SA 1 DENR 3 agreed to publish social media posts along the themes of Good News 2020 Mondays, Wild and Alive Wednesdays and Facebook Follower Fridays. Facebook posts served to continue the Wild and Alive campaign that was launched in airports. Pampanga State Meeting with the university president to discuss plans related to the May Agricultural SA 4 enhancement of the agroforestry syllabi with lessons on entrepreneurship. 2020 University

PLANS FOR NEXT QUARTER

SA 1: Behavior Change Communication

Theory of Change Result: Improved community, institutional and private sector attitude toward conservation

• Roll out a Wild and Alive campaign in Aurora Memorial National Park focused on the protection of the Philippine eagle and anti-poaching of other wildlife such as the Philippine deer. Materials will mostly be out-of-home such as billboards to be installed at barangays within the national park. • Continue to support the Wild and Alive Facebook campaign of DENR Region 3 with heavier focus on the link between illegal wildlife trade and the risk of zoonotic disease. Conduct a workshop on development of Facebook content calendar to be attended by Region 3 PENROs and CENROs public affairs coordinators. • Orientation and turnover of School in a Bag kits to Villa Aurora Elementary School in Aurora Memorial National Park and Malinao Elementary School in Mount Mingan, Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija.

SA 2: Conservation Financing

Theory of Change Result: Available conservation financing arrangements are identified and realigned to support activities

132 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 • Establish rates and fees for the use of resources and facilities at Aurora Memorial National Park. Finalize and present to Aurora Memorial National Park PAMB for adoption through a resolution.

Theory of Change Result: Government and CSOs implement financing arrangements

• Implement PES modular training for Bagac LGU, water utilities and private enterprises, leading to negotiations and signing of memorandum of agreements among them. • Assist Bagac LGU draft and enact an ordinance on PES.

Theory of Change Result: Improved value chains for livelihoods and enterprises generates revenues

• Assist SILAW in establishing a turmeric processing enterprise, as part of the W-GDP Initiative. ▪ Complete the turmeric market analysis and discuss findings with SILAW members. ▪ Explore technical support that can be provided by DTI Aurora, Department of Agriculture and Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization to SILAW and facilitate agreements, if needed. ▪ Conduct basic organizational and enterprise training to help SILAW develop an enterprise development plan for turmeric growing and processing. ▪ Procure and turn over to SILAW the necessary postharvest and processing equipment. ▪ Facilitate technology training on turmeric production and processing. ▪ Assist SILAW in formalizing marketing agreement with buyers. • Explore opportunities for private sector support for conservation agriculture and agroforestry initiatives ▪ Conduct consultation meeting with Kalipunan ng Liping Pilipina on possible ube production in partnership with Sunlight Foods Corporation. ▪ Support soil analysis at Kalipunan ng Liping Pilipina’s farm lots to determine its suitability for ube production. If found suitable, present results to Sunlight Foods Corporation and schedule visit to area.

Theory of Change Result: Social, economic and environmental benefits from communities, revenue for LGUs and profit/goodwill for private sector generated • Validate the number of men and women, and household members benefiting from Protect Wildlife-supported livelihood and microenterprise initiatives, as well as other assistance that contributes to economic benefits, and document benefit flows.

SA 3: Conservation and Governance

Theory of Change Result: Increased capacity of relevant government agencies, protected area management boards and CSOs in integrated resource planning and management

• Continue support to DENR Region 3 in completing the BSAP for Aurora. Facilitate the review of the final draft by partners prior to the BSAP’s endorsement to DENR-BMB.

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• Facilitate the finalization and signing of the memoranda of understanding between the DENR and concerned LGUs (San Luis and Dingalan in the province of Aurora; Bongabon, Gabaldon and Laur in the province of Nueva Ecija) for joint work for the establishment of Mount Mingan as a critical habitat of the Philippine eagle. • Provide advice and assistance to DENR Region 3 in the issuance of tenure instruments to people’s organizations which have been contracted to implement NGP in open access areas. Facilitate an action planning workshop with DENR Region3 and PENRO Bataan to program next steps toward tenure issuance in NGP sites in Bagac and Morong, Bataan. • Conduct of training on drone image processing and analysis for DENR Region 3 and partners, using a mix of virtual and face-to-face sessions. It will include laboratory exercises that participants can do on their own.

Theory of Change Result: LGUs co-lead with DENR in conservation and enforcement efforts

• Assist DENR and Mariveles LGU in the protection of marine turtle nesting sites through the adoption of nationally accepted standards and protocols, and the training of partners on the proper handling of marine turtles, eggs and hatchlings, and the establishment and management of marine turtle hatcheries. A site assessment of marine turtles nesting sites and hatcheries at Mount View, Cabcaben and Townsite, Mariveles will be done in July 2020, followed by a training on marine turtle conservation for CENRO Bagac and concerned barangay and representatives of Mariveles LGU. • In collaboration with PENRO Aurora, continue to assist Aurora Province in completing the draft Bamboo Industry Development Roadmap. Facilitate the presentation of the draft roadmap to the Aurora Bamboo Industry Development Council and provide technical advice to Aurora province, through the provincial government, for the finalization and legitimization of the roadmap and the preparation of an action plan for initial implementation activities.

Theory of Change Result: Professional development of WEOs, enforcement groups and LGU zoning officers is supported

• Train and facilitate deputation of LGU-based and community WEOs in Aurora Memorial National Park and Mount Mingan.

SA 4: Conservation Research

Theory of Change: Capacity of universities to leverage funds, do research and curriculum development, and disseminate research results increased

• Support Pampanga State Agricultural University in the enhancement of the syllabus of about seven subjects in the university’s Agroforestry program.

SA 5: Wildlife Law Enforcement

Theory of Change Result: National and local law enforcement capacity improved

134 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 • Train and mentor members of on-site enforcement groups for Aurora Memorial National Park. Provide guidance in the development of enforcement and reporting protocols, and enforcement operations plans to systematize enforcement coordination among different agencies and LGUs on-site. The draft enforcement protocol and coordination mechanism will be presented to the PAMB for adoption. • Assist the DENR Region 3 Enforcement Division in organizing its enforcement data into a simple database and train staff on the analysis of data to assess enforcement performance and for use in enforcement operations planning.

Theory of Change Result: Local enforcement improved

• Collect and analyze data on enforcement actions to assess enforcement performance and results of technical assistance.

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MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION

Year 4 brought a number of transitions to the activity’s personnel and management posture. Following the first quarter of Year 4, Dr. Ernesto Guiang resigned from his post as Protect Wildlife’s COP, transitioning to an intermittent (STTA) senior technical advisor role. In response, the activity introduced a new leadership team: Ms. Rebecca Paz, who had served as DCOP for the life of the project, transitioned to her new role as COP; and Mr. Joey Manfredo—DAI’s former home office project manager for Protect Wildlife—joined Protect Wildlife as DCOP, effective on November 1, 2019.

The Protect Wildlife team also completed added new procurement and finance positions to oversee a surge in spending during the first three quarters of the year, as the activity began work under the W- GDP Initiative, and as collaboration with partners matured and the team increased its investments in activities and technical support. To support these new activities, the activity also invested in more than 30 short-term consultants to provide expertise. During this period, the activity increased its monthly expenditures, on average, by nearly US$150,000 per month.

As we entered the final quarter, however, the operations team was consumed with overseeing Protect Wildlife’s response to COVID-19. In response to executive orders for quarantine and travel restrictions that were issued by the national government and local governments in our field site’s—as well as the activity’s own risk assessment—the Protect Wildlife management team closed all offices and transitioned to a full telework from March 16 through May 31, 2020; and then authorized a phased reopening beginning on June 8, 2020. Policies and management actions during both periods are presented below.

Imposition of Enhanced Community Quarantine and Office Closures

On March 16, in an address to the nation, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte placed all of Luzon— home to Protect Wildlife’s Manila, Palawan and Palayan City offices—under an enhanced community quarantine. Days later, authorities in Protect Wildlife’s remaining two field sites, Zamboanga City and General Santos City, were also placed on enhanced community quarantine with similar restrictions. The orders required strict home quarantine, transportation suspensions, regulation of food and essential services, and heightened presence of uniformed personnel to enforce quarantine procedures. These orders were to remain in effect through May 15. Based on these executive orders and the activity’s own risk assessment, the Protect Wildlife management team placed the following policies, among others, in place: • Protect Wildlife offices were closed, and activities and travel were postponed until the enhanced community quarantine over Luzon were lifted, and DAI and project management authorized re- opening. • All staff members were stationed in their homes of record, or their home provinces, for telework under the remote supervision of their managers. Managers coordinated with team members to produce detailed work plans, with clear deliverables; completing regular check-ins to assess progress; and reporting to the Chief of Party and Deputy Chief of Party each Friday on key accomplishments and activities for the next week.

136 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 • The Protect Wildlife Chief of Party and Deputy Chief of Party held periodic conference calls to review COVID-19 developments and government-issued restrictions; to make joint decisions regarding office closures, telework arrangements; and to coordinate planning for finance actions. The Deputy Chief of Party issues regular updates and customized telework guidance to all activity staff.

During this period of telework, the management and administration team ensured that core office functions and systems continued to function with limited impact on employees. • Operations: In addition to its normal duties, the operations team oversaw COVID-19 response coordination, inventory management, and remote IT troubleshooting. Among their responsibilities, they are ensuring all staff who are teleworking are submitting approved work plans; preparing and issuing timely COVID-19 status updates and directives; and completing health and security check-ins. • Finance: The activity continued to record financial transactions and issue payments through online banking facilities in close coordination with vendors, while accessing the project financial system through cloud-based interface, rather than the office server. • Communications: IT infrastructure continued to function well, with unencumbered staff access to all finance and management systems.

Phased Reopening

On May 28, 2020, President Duterte announced that Metro Manila and Palayan City would transition to a General Community Quarantine (GCQ) on Monday, June 1. With this change, all Protect Wildlife field sites were now under GCQ or Modified GCQ status—under which, Protect Wildlife offices were legally permitted to open, provided that minimum public health standards—such as use of facemasks and maintenance of social distancing—were followed.

In coordination with DAI’s Global (COVID) Response Task Force (GTRF), Protect Wildlife management developed project health and safety guidelines and a re-opening plan under which the activity secured internal authorization to open all offices effective June 8, 2020. Following full disinfection of offices, procurement of health, safety and personal hygiene supplies, and preparation of new entry stations for temperature screening, select staff began reporting to work on a phased schedule.

Policies governing the phased reopening of offices, which currently remain in place, include: • Any staff member who is part of a vulnerable group (including those who are 20-years old or younger, and those 60 and older) are strongly advised to telework. • All staff members whose work can be performed remotely are authorized to telework. This includes those staff who permanently reside with a family member or friend who is part of a vulnerable group; rely on mass transit; or have other safety concerns. • All staff members who opt to telework are required to submit detailed workplans and progress reports on a weekly basis. • All returning staff members must verify that s/he has had no symptoms of COVID-19, known contact with persons who are infected or were exposed to COVID-19; and must complete online trainings on donning and doffing masks and gloves and general waste management.

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Protect Wildlife also put in place a number of guidelines and requirements related to workplace conduct, and workshop and activities. Guidelines were developed based on Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) requirements and in consultation with DAI’s GRTF. An overview of these policies is presented below.

Workplace Rules and Restrictions

• All staff and visitors must wear face masks at all times (except when eating/drinking). • Upon entering the office, all employees and visitors are screened via infrared thermometers. Individuals with a temperature of >37.5°C will not be permitted entry into the office. All individuals are required to complete daily DOLE health symptoms form. • Staff must, at all times, observe physical distancing (minimum of six feet), proper respiratory etiquette and disinfection protocols. • Upon entry to the office, staff members and visitors must use liquid sanitizer/alcohol to clean hands, or immediately wash hands with soap and water. Hand sanitizer dispensers are placed throughout project offices. • Staff must step into a disinfectant door mat or “foot bath” prior to entering the office. • ‘High-touch’ areas such as doors, printers/scanners, the refrigerator, tables and common surfaces are disinfected on a two-hour schedule.

Workshops and Project Activity Guidelines

• Staff are encouraged to adopt small group mentoring activities in place of larger group trainings or workshops. • Whenever possible, virtual activities should be prioritized over in-person events, using WebEx, Microsoft Teams, Skype, Zoom, telephone conference calls, recorded lectures or other platforms/communication vehicles. Staff are further encouraged to develop meeting notes, recordings and guides to supplement in-person instruction methods. • While Protect Wildlife discourages live-in (overnight) trainings, they are authorized provided that the arrangements are in full compliance with local law; individual room assignments are made; and the training/activity has secured written approval from the COP. • In-person gatherings of any kind (training, workshops, meetings etc.) led by Protect Wildlife must comply with local law, and meet the conditions, including the following: ▪ Facilities must have enough space to ensure that all participants can maintain social distancing of six feet at all times. ▪ Attendance (beneficiaries and facilitators) is limited to 50 percent of the venue or training capacity. ▪ Facility must have clean and accessible restrooms, with hand soap and paper towels. ▪ Protect Wildlife must limit any use of shared items, like pens, paper, etc., by providing participants with their own materials. Common utensils for lunch, snacks or beverages (such as large serving spoons at self-service buffets) are not permitted. Lunch and/or snacks must be individually packaged, or served by individuals wearing health and safety items like face guards, masks and gloves.

138 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 ▪ Protect Wildlife must encourage frequent hand washing and require hand-washing/use of sanitizer upon entry to the facility.

Summary

Operating within these restrictions, Protect Wildlife has successfully reopened all offices, and held regular online and in-person workshops and trainings—making significant progress against work plan goals in the final quarter of Year 4—as detailed in earlier sections of the Annual Project Report—and putting in place procurement plans for Year 5 activity investments.

These and other Year 4, Quarter 4 highlights include: • Onboarded six new LTTA and six new short-term technical assistance (STTA) providers, while adjusting the work scope and increasing the LOE for six active STTA providers. • Procured goods and services through 53 purchase orders and subcontracts valued at ₱6,728,264.35; and • Ensured timely payment for activity operations and activities and submitted accurate invoices to USAID valued at US$1,347,690.07.

In the following sections on Operations and Human Resources, Procurement and Security, Protect Wildlife presents highlights from the quarter. Highlights are followed by activities planned for the July to September 2020 period.

OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RESOURCES

In the Operations and Human Resources section of the report, Protect Wildlife presents an update on hiring and personnel management, and the team’s projected activities for Year 4, Quarter 4 operations activities.

Personnel

TABLE 11: LTTA STAFF BY LOCATION (as of June 30, 2020)

STAFF TYPE LOCATION Zamboanga CATEGORIES TOTAL Region Technical Support Manila Palawan City- GenSan 3 Tawi-Tawi Staff on board as of 4/1 78 43 35 39 14 9 11 5 Resigned staff within 8 4 4 6 0 2 0 0 the quarter New staff onboarded 7 3 4 4 1 1 0 1 between 4/1 and 6/30 Total LTTA 77 42 35 37 15 8 11 6

Short-Term Technical Assistance

Protect Wildlife onboarded the following consultants to execute well-defined and time-bound STTA assignments (Table 12).

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TABLE 12: STTA ASSIGNMENTS APPROVED IN YEAR 4, QUARTER 4

STTA Level Period of Title and Scope of Work Provider of Effort Performance Project Manager (remote). Provide broad-based technical and operational support to the Protect Wildlife field team over the course of the remaining life of the project—with focus on technical writing support for project deliverables. Support the Chief and Deputy Chief of Party’s April 6 – Clarence efforts to execute project strategy development; prepare and submit 18 days December 11, Cabañero project deliverables; draft and/or review technical reports and scopes of 2020 work; support monitoring and evaluation activities; and oversee compliance with contractual requirements. As the project approaches closedown, lead review of procurement, finance, HR, and technical documents to ensure compliance with USAID regulations and DAI policies. Senior Forest Fire Management Specialist. Develop and finalize the manual of the DENR on how to address and manage forest fires. The STTA will focus on fire prevention, mitigation, and suppression; rehabilitation of burned areas; and on conducting a training of trainers to roll out the Eligio March 1 – manual. The manual will also provide the framework in developing forest Soliman 65 days September 30, fire management plans at the landscape level as well as a reporting plan. 2020 The STTA shall take into consideration the inputs of the USFS as appropriate for the manual. The design, finalization, and the conduct of trainings using the manual shall be done in close coordination with the FMB-Protect Wildlife technical team and the USFS. Forest Land Use Plan Writer. Mr. Acosta began work with LGU partners in Tampakan, South Cotabato, using approximately 15 days of LOE to prepare initial inputs for the LGU’s FLUP. Due to recent 15 new November 11, Rogelio developments—disputes between DENR and the MGB Mining Company days (95 2019 – August Acosta that are unlikely to be resolved in the near term—Protect Wildlife total) 21, 2020 determined that this work should be removed from Mr. Acosta’s SOW. In its place, Mr. Acosta shall collaborate with LGU partners in Surallah, South Cotabato, to support preparation of their FLUP. BSAP Writer/Facilitator. Protect Wildlife originally engaged her services to support development of development and facilitator of regional workshops to flow-down objectives from the Philippines BSAP for local 50 new September 23, Delma Buhat implementation; and to support efforts to draft a final Biodiversity Strategy days (150 2019 – August and Action Plan for Zamboanga City and the Province of South Cotabato. total) 31, 2020 Through extension, STTA will add Sarangani Province to scope. Tasks remain the same across sites. BSAP Writer/Facilitator. Protect Wildlife originally engaged her services to support development of development and facilitator of regional workshops to flow-down objectives from the Philippines BSAP for local 50 new September 23, Mikko Garcia implementation; and to support efforts to draft a final Biodiversity Strategy days (150 2019 – August and Action Plan for Zamboanga Sibugay and Aurora. Through extension, total) 31, 2020 BMB requested that consultant support PBSP localization efforts in a new pilot site—Region 7 (Central Visayas). Tasks remain the same across sites. Editor. Since July 2019, Ms. Aguinaldo-Mapa has edited eight protected area management and development plans and three FLUPs for Protect Ma. Estrellita Wildlife. Going forward Ms. Aguinaldo-Mapa will edit the manuscripts of at 60 new July 29, 2019 – Aguinaldo- least three protected area management plans, eight FLUPs, ten briefs of days November 30, Mapa project-supported research activities, and various other publications as (140 total) 2020 necessary. The focus of this assignment will be on editing and final production support for completed FLUPs prior to final submission to local

140 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 STTA Level Period of Title and Scope of Work Provider of Effort Performance government units, Protected Area Management Boards or the DENR Biodiversity Management Bureau. Senior Mobile and Web Developer. New responsibilities under existing SOW address role on WildALERT and NGP Reporting Tool. For WildALERT, during beta testing in February, DENR partners identified minor bugs and upgrades to the application that would improve its functionality. Mr. Calanday addressed the minor bugs prior to a soft launch activity for the application on World Wildlife Day. The more substantive upgrades, however, were not originally anticipated and will be addressed 35 new July 15, 2019 - Fheter John during extension period. days (160 October 15, Calanday total) 2020 - In addition to the WildALERT system upgrades, Forest Management Bureau (FMB) partners have requested support for web development services for its National Greening Program (NGP) Reporting Tool. Through Mr. Calanday’s WildALERT STTA, he familiarized himself with FMB’s Lawin System. Lawin, like the NGP Reporting Tool, uses SMART technology, which has positioned Mr. Calanday to develop the necessary expertise to support development of the tool. Agroforestry Activity Coordinator. The Agroforestry Activity Coordinator will provide short-term technical assistance to agroforestry June 8 – activities in Palawan. He will work with approximately 350 upland Jhon Cayabo 70 days September 30, households in Quezon and Española and will oversee the implementation of 2020 the activity including initial preparations, sampling, distribution, planting, monitoring and reporting. Software Developer-BRAIN Systems. With the additional LOE, Mr. Bautista will focus on: Field testing, refinement, deployment and upgrading February 13, of the enforcement module (Module 2); Testing, refinement, deployment Tiburcio 50 days 2019 – and upgrading of the case and evidence management and e-filing of Bautista (408 total) October 30, administrative cases module (Module 3); Roll out of RESPONSE to 2020 PALAWEEN member agencies in Palawan; and BRAIN system upgrade before final turn-over. Junior Agroforestry Activity Coordinator. Provide short-term technical assistance to agroforestry activities in Palawan. He will work with June 22 – Joseph Verdin approximately 350 upland households in Bataraza and Brooke’s Point and 70 days September 30,

will oversee the implementation of the activity including initial preparations, 2020 sampling, distribution, planting, monitoring and reporting. Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan Writer. The technical writer for the CWLUP of Bataraza will be the lead team member to package the CLWUP in accordance with the standard plan outline and with June 22,– Leendel Jane inputs provided by the Technical Working Group. She will support data 45 days September 30, Punzalan analysis to produce a work plan that is consistent with the goals and 2020 objectives of the Bataraza site, and she will create CLWUP presentation materials for the LGU and DENR. Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan and Forest Land Use Plan Writer. The technical writer for the CLWUP and FLUP for El Nido will package both plans, analyze the relevant data, and create work plans June 22, – Yesmeen with assistance from the SA 3 team. She will use the inputs provided by the 70 days September 30, Frani technical working group and will present on her progress to the group in 2020 order to allow for a continuous exchange of ideas. She will prepare presentation materials that summarize the CLWUP and FLUP for the LGU and DENR.

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Plans for Next Quarter

Over the next quarter, the operations team will continue to provide oversight for the project’s COVID- 19 guidelines, ensuring compliance with requirements across projects offices. The operations team will also oversee closeout activities for the project’s Palayan City, Zamboanga City and Tawi-Tawi offices, ensuring compliance with USAID rules and regulations and DAI policies for office closedown. Closedown support will include closure of vendor relationships, compliant disposition of assets in coordination with USAID, auditing of financial and procurement records, and human resources actions.

PROCUREMENT

In Year 4, Quarter 4, the Protect Wildlife procurement team successfully competed and awarded 53 purchase orders and subcontracts valued at ₱ 6,728,264.35. In Table 13, we present all procurements valued at more than US$3,000 that were awarded this quarter. This table is immediately followed by Table 14, which highlights procurements for active research studies.

TABLE 13: MAJOR PROCUREMENTS FOR YEAR 4, QUARTER 4

Date of Description Total (US$) Purchase Order Logistical Support for the National Wildlife Rescue and Research Center for the Care of Wildlife Rescued or Confiscated during CWT US$11,915.51 30-Jun-20 Operations (ultrasound machine) Smart School in a Bag Sulu Hornbill Animated Short US$5,650.86 10-Jun-20 Purchase of laptops for incoming project staff US$4,039.96 20-May-20 Consultancy Firm for the Development of Curricula, Syllabi, Modules, Instructional Materials, and Training of Trainers (TOT) Program for US$55,033.56 30-Apr-20 DENR’s Proposed Protected Area Academy PCSD BRC: Diorama Wildlife Display US$11,845.13 22-Apr-20 Defining Boundaries: Home Range, Habitat Use, and Genetic Diversity of the Philippine Tarsiers in the Mount Matutum Protected Landscape US$3,412.35 3-Apr-20 Tarsier Sanctuary

TABLE 14: BREAKDOWN OF PROCUREMENT FOR APPROVED RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Period of Y4 Q4 Total Title of Research Study Name of Awardee Performance (US$) Enhancing Seaweed Production and Quality Mindanao State University-Tawi- April 2019 to in Tawi-Tawi Using Laboratory-Generated Tawi College of Technology and US$209.37 March 2020 Cultivars Oceanography Inventory and Scientific Validation of December 2018 Mindanao State University-General Folklore Claimed Medicinal Plants in Mount to November US$399.27 Santos City Matutum 2019 Participatory Coastal Resources Assessment for the Establishment of Marine Zamboanga State College for July 2019 to US$1,080.92 Protected Areas in Eleven Islands of Marine Sciences and Technology October 2019 Zamboanga City

142 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 Period of Y4 Q4 Total Title of Research Study Name of Awardee Performance (US$) Biodiversity Assessment of Marine Research scholarship to August 2019 to Ecosystem of Burias, Glan, Sarangani: Basis US$1,181.10 Leizle Coronica August 2020 for a Learning Package Floristics and Dynamics of Pteridophytes in Research scholarship to Mar 2019 to None for the Mount Matutum Protected Landscape, Christine Dawn Obemio Mar 2020 quarter Southern Mindanao Amphibians and Reptiles in Mount Busa, Kiamba, Sarangani Province: Species and Research Scholarship to August 2019 to US$398.80 Functional Trait Responses along Forest Jhonnel Villegas August 2020 Gradients Research and Conservation of Philippine August 2019 to None for the Philippine Eagle Foundation Eagle within the Zamboanga Peninsula June 2020 quarter Philippines Biodiversity November 2019 None for the Project TAWSI: Sulu Hornbill Project Conservation Foundation, Inc. to June 2020 quarter Unraveling the Mystery of Rafflesiaceae: Research scholarship to February 2019 None for this Evidences from DNA Barcoding and Adriane Tobias to June 2020 quarter Morpho-Anatomy Philippines Ontogenetic Habitat Shift and Research Scholarship to May 2019 to July None for this Connectivity of Plectropomus leopardus in Joey Cabasan 2020 quarter the Sulu-Palawan Sea Systems

Plans for Next Quarter In the next quarter, Protect Wildlife plans to procure the following: 1. Smart Communications School in a Bag. School-In-A-Bag is a portable, digital classroom designed for students in either public primary or secondary schools. Protect Wildlife will sponsor 10 School-In-A-Bag kits that will be matched by Smart with an additional 10 kits. Each one includes ICT equipment such as tablets, a laptop, DVD player, an LCD projector, internet dongle, and a solar power source for schools off-grid. 2. Wildlife Ambulance. NWRRC requires a dedicated vehicle that can safely accommodate and transport rescued wildlife from apprehension sites to the Rescue Center or to transport rehabilitated wildlife to their releasing areas. A dedicated vehicle/wildlife ambulance will increase the chances of survival of wildlife taken during major interdictions that have to be transported to the rescue center. 3. Coffee Processing Equipment. The W-GDP Initiative will provide opportunities for women to become producers/operators, processors, and traders to meet the standards and requirements of the local market. The approach is two pronged: strengthening the selected groups’ organizational management and at the same time assisting them in their enterprise to strengthen their capacities and skills in the agri-value chain. Protect Wildlife has formally partnered with people’s organizations in the coffee municipalities in South Cotabato, within the protected areas of Allah Valley and Mount Matutum to provide support to their biodiversity- friendly enterprises. 4. NWRRC Engineering Design. Protect Wildlife seeks to assist DENR efforts to develop a new NWRRC and to align all enclosures with generally accepted standards that contribute to the well-being and rehabilitation of the wildlife — ensuring that restricted areas are properly demarcated, enclosures are well designed, and public viewing areas properly monitored. The

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activity is seeking offerors to provide professional engineering and design capabilities to lead Protect Wildlife’s design deliverables—assuming full professional liability—for production of engineering designs for the development of the NWRRC on its new grounds, including the design of office and support buildings, walkways, water and sanitation systems, and the design of wildlife enclosures.

SAFETY AND SECURITY

This quarter, the Protect Wildlife Security Manager continued to maintain close coordination with the Regional Security Office of the U.S. Embassy, the Overseas Security Advisory Council and other security-related USAID activities regarding developments that could impact staff safety and security.

Following implementation of the Community Quarantine, the Protect Wildlife Security Manager took an active role in monitoring the health status and safety of Protect Wildlife staff. He also contributed to collection and distribution of COVID-19-related updates and security incidents to activity staff during the lockdown period. In addition to security updates and oversight, he supported Manila office reopening efforts, directing installation of barriers in the holding area, disinfection of the office, and preparation of sanitation checklists. The Security Manager was also responsible for tracking COVID-19 caseloads across activity sites and issuing weekly reports to project management.

Security Incidents and Responses

Between July 2019 and June 2020, Protect Wildlife monitored 1,012 security incidents—none of which were targeted to activity staff or operations. Of these, 230 incidents transpired in activity areas of operation. Security incidence trended downwards this quarter, most likely as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide community quarantine.

Location of Security Incidents Number of Incidents Region 12 (SOCKSARGEN) 98 Region 9 (Zamboanga Peninsula) 58 Palawan (MIMAROPA) 17 Manila and Palayan City (Central Luzon) 40 Tawi-Tawi (BARMM) 17 Total 230

There were no significant incidents at field sites that had direct impacts on project staff or project asset security. Protect Wildlife shares regular, site-based security updates for all staff members, with advisories regarding compliance with quarantine requirements, maintenance of vigilance, and close coordination with barangay- and city- level partners for fieldwork.

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During the quarter, the activity spent US$1,347,690, bringing the cumulative expenditures to US$17,815,028 from inception to date. Total expenditures for the quarter and Project Year, and projections for the remaining period of performance are presented below.

TABLE 15: SUMMARY OF ITD EXPENDITURES AND PROJECTIONS FOR REMAINING IMPLEMENTATION

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ANNEX A

LIST OF REPORTS AND OTHER PRODUCTS COMPLETED IN YEAR 4

MANAGEMENT PLANS

TITLE APPROVAL Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape Approved by PAMB on Dec 16, 2019. PAMB Resolution with DENR Management Plan (2021-2030) MIMAROPA. Mount Matutum Protected Landscape Minutes of PAMB Meeting on Dec 6, 2019. Management Plan (2020-2024) Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape PAMB Resolution 2019-074 Management Plan (2020-2024) Watershed Management Council Resolution No. 2020-01: Adopting and Endorsing to the City Council the Ayala Watershed Management and Development Plan Ayala Watershed Management Plan

(2020-2030) CDC Resolution No. 2020-001: A Resolution Adopting and Endorsing to the City Council the 2020-2030 Updated Ayala Watershed Management and Development Plan Watershed Management Council Resolution No. 2020-02: Adopting and Endorsing to the City Council the Manicahan Watershed Management and Development Plan Manicahan Watershed Management Plan

(2020-2030) CDC Resolution No. 2020-002: A Resolution Adopting and Endorsing to the City Council the 2020-2030 Updated Manicahan Watershed Management and Development Plan Zamboanga City Development Council Resolution No. 2020-003: A Central Mangrove Forests Management Resolution Adopting and Endorsing to City Council the 2020-2030 Framework (2020-2030) Management Framework Plan of the Central Mangrove Forest Lands of Zamboanga City. Zamboanga City Biodiversity Strategic CDC Resolution No. 2020-00 Action Plan (2019-2028) Aurora Memorial National Park PAMB Resolution No. 2019-12 Management Plan (2020-2029)

RESEARCH REPORTS AND OTHER OUTPUTS

TITLE OF REPORT AUTHOR Final Report: Growth and Survival Study of Sandfish Holothuria Western Philippines University College of Fisheries and scabra at different culture stages Aquatic Sciences (Rodulf Anthony T. Balisco, John Patrick A. Gajardo)

Final Report: Microbial macroparasite and microparasite Western Philippines University College of Fisheries and abundance in different culture stages of Holothuria scabra at Rasa Aquatic Sciences (Jhonamie Mabuhay-Omar and Czarina Island and Caguisan, Narra, Palawan Hazel S. Santiago)

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TITLE OF REPORT AUTHOR Final Report: Ranger Perception Survey (Quantitative Analysis)

Dr. William Moreto (STTA) Final Report: Community Perception Survey (Quantitative Analysis) Final Report: Study on the Indicative Presence and Abundance of Katala Foundation (Sabine Schoppe) Palawan Pangolin in Southern-Central Palawan Compendium of Medicinal Plants in Mount Matutum Protected Mindanao State University – Gen. Santos City (Dr. Edna Landscape, Mindanao, Philippines Oconer, Malona Alinsug, Jeanette Madas, Renan Gubalane, Gerald Lobredo, Harold Estandarte, Eden May Somodio, Kurt Pascual) Protocols for Collection of Seaweed Samples and Laboratory Generation of Seed Stocks

Protocols for the collection and preparation of seaweed samples Dr. Jumelita Romero (STTA for the Research on for micro- propagation Enhancing Seaweed Production and Quality in Tawi- Tawi Using Laboratory-Generated Cultivars - Phase 1)

Protocols for micro-propagation and maintenance and template Mindanao State University –Tawi-Tawi College of for growth and survival monitoring Technology and Oceanography (Karen Joy Serag)

Protocols for the Setup of Cultivars in Land-Based Nursery and Templates for Growth and Survival Monitoring

Protocols for out-planting in sea-based nurseries and templates for growth and survival monitoring

“DNA Barcodes Reveal High Genetic Diversity in Philippine Fruit Bats” Luczon AU, Ampo SAMM, Rono JGA, Duya MRM, Ong PS, and Fontanilla IKC. http://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/publication/special- Phil J Sci 148 (SI): 121-128 Special Issue on Genomics issues/genomics/90-148-special-issue/1086-dna-barcodes-reveal- high-genetic-diversity-in-philippine-fruit-bats Expedition 1 Report: Philippine Eagle Survey in Pasonanca Natural Park, Zamboanga City, Philippines:

Sightings of Philippine Eagles and Discovery of the First Philippine Philippine Eagle Foundation (Tristan Luap P. Senarillos, Eagle Nest in Pasonanca Natural Park, Zamboanga City Kemuel S. Libre Jr., Rowell L. Taraya, Algen A. Agua, Perfecto

S. Balicao & Jayson C. Ibanez) Notes on the Breeding Status of the Resident Philippine Eagle

Pair in Pasonanca Natural Park, Zamboanga City, Philippines

Pre-trapping and Tagging Activity of Philippine Eagles in Pasonanca Natural Park, Zamboanga City, Philippines Expedition 1 Report: Project Tawsi: Sulu Hornbill Project Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, Inc. (Lisa Paguntalan, Philip Godfrey Jakosalem, Andrew Ross Reintar Shiella, Mae Olimpos, Manulito Sandoval, Yñigo del Prado, Pedro Villarta, Lorry Alcala,

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TECHNICAL REPORTS

TITLE OF REPORT AUTHOR Wildlife Forensics Capability Assessment in the Philippines Dr. George Phocas (STTA) Wildlife from Forests to Cages: An Analysis of Wildlife Seizures in Emerson Sy (STTA) the Philippines (Revised Draft) Violations Assessment Report: Wildlife and Forestry Crime SA 5 Team Situation In Aurora and Region 3 Organizational and Enterprise Readiness Assessment of People’s Theoffany Joy Cabanda and Joy Grecia (STTA) Organizations in Protect Wildlife Sites Management Plan Evaluation: Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Dr. George Veni (STTA) National Park U.S. National Cave and Karst Research Institute Assessment Report: Sarangani Marine Turtle Nesting Sites Dr. Ma. Theresa R. Aquino (STTA) Local Protocols for the Establishment and Management of Marine Dr. Ma. Theresa R. Aquino (STTA) Turtle Hatcheries in Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape Recommended Standards for Establishing a Marine Turtle Rescue Dr. Ma. Theresa R. Aquino (STTA) Center and Communications Protocol for Stranding Responses Measuring and Implementing Tourism Carrying Capacity in Great and Little Santa Cruz Islands Protected Landscape and Seascape Dr. Miguela Mena (STTA)

Santa Cruz Islands Tourism Destination Management Report Dr. Miguela Mena (STTA)

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ANNEX B

SELECTED MEDIA PICKUPS IN YEAR 4

July 8, 2019, Business Mirror Demystifying the vanishing Palawan pangolin https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/07/08/demystifying-the- vanishing-palawan-pangolin/

July 11, 2019, Philippine Daily Inquirer Despite rescue, survival slim for ‘stressed’ pangolins https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1140329/despite-rescue- survival-slim-for-stressed-pangolins

July 17, 2019, Business Mirror Philippine Marines: Easier to find rebels than pangolins https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/07/17/philippine- marines-easier-to-find-rebels-than-pangolins/

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July 20, 2019, Manila Times USAid sounds alarm over pangolin decline in PH https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/07/20/business/green- business/usaid-sounds-alarm-over-pangolin-decline-in- ph/586656/

July 29, 2019, Business Mirror Experts: Forensic science ‘a must’ to combat illegal wildlife trade https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/07/29/experts-forensic- science-a-must-to-combat-illegal-wildlife-trade/

August 4, 2019, Philippine Daily Inquirer The secret life of pangolins https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1149759/the-secret-life-of- pangolins

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August 21, 2019, Philippine Daily Inquirer Prosecuting wildlife criminals still daunting challenge to gov’t https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1155737/prosecuting-wildlife- criminals-still-daunting-challenge-to-govt

September 14, 2019, Rappler Conserving pangolins in Palawan https://rappler.com/environment/pangolin-conservation- palawan

September 17, 2019, Rappler Coal threatens emerging sea cucumber culture in Palawan https://rappler.com/environment/coal-threatens-emerging- sea-cucumber-culture-palawan

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October 21, 2019, Sunstar Illegal wildlife trade under close watch https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1828544/Pampanga/Loca l-News/Illegal-wildlife-trade-under-close-watch

November 9, 2019, Sunstar Endangered Philippine eagle gets center stage in free film viewing https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1831207/Pampanga/Loca l-News/Endangered-Philippine-eagle-gets-center-stage-in- free-film-viewing

November 11, 2019, CNN Philippines 'Zoohackathon 2019': Fighting illegal animal welfare through technology https://www.cnn.ph/videos/2019/11/11/-Zoohackathon- 2019---Fighting-illegal-animal-welfare-through- technology.html

December 13, 2019, Philippine Daily Inquirer PH pangolin closer to extinction https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1201229/ph-pangolin-closer- to-extinction

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December 20, 2019, Rappler Philippine gov't finds stopping pangolin trade challenging (part 2) https://rappler.com/environment/philippine-government- stopping-pangolin-trade-challenging-part-2

February 18, 2020, Philippine Daily Inquirer Researchers find fewer pangolins in Palawan forests https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1230034/researchers-find- fewer-pangolins-in-palawan-forests

February 24, 2020, Business Mirror The race to save the pangolin in PHL https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/02/24/the-race-to-save- the-pangolin-in-phl/

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March 4, 2020, Mongabay Coronavirus outbreak may spur Southeast Asian action on wildlife trafficking https://news.mongabay.com/2020/03/coronavirus-outbreak- may-spur-southeast-asian-action-on-wildlife-trafficking/

March 09, 2020, Philippine Daily Inquirer App to help curb wildlife trafficking https://technology.inquirer.net/97103/app-to-help-curb- wildlife-trafficking

March 30, 2020, Philippine Daily Inquirer Wildlife trafficking perfect recipe for next zoonotic disease (part 1) https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1250712/wildlife-trafficking- perfect-recipe-for-next-zoonotic-disease#ixzz6U91jvISo

March 31, 2020, Philippine Daily Inquirer Pandemic opens window to set back wildlife trade (part 2) https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1251356/pandemic-opens- window-to-set-back-wildlife-trade#ixzz6U8pKHjWl

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April 27, 2020, Business Mirror DENR pushes stiffer penalty, fine for wildlife trade offenders https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/04/27/denr-pushes- stiffer-penalty-fine-for-wildlife-trade-offenders/

May 3, 2020, Business Mirror ‘Leave bats, rats and snakes alone’ https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/05/03/leave-bats-rats- and-snakes-alone/

June 11, 2020, Philippine Daily Inquirer China drops pangolin from list of traditional meds https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1289639/china-drops-pangolin- from-list-of-traditional-meds#ixzz6U8wkjgIM

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June 14 2020, Business Mirror Research confirms presence of PHL eagle in Zamboanga City https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/06/14/research- confirms-presence-of-phl-eagle-in-zamboanga-city/

June 18, 2020, Mindanews Foundation plans expedition to check on eagle pairs in Zambo https://www.mindanews.com/top- stories/2020/06/foundation-plans-expedition-to-check-on- eagle-pairs-in-zambo/

June 21, 2020, Philippine Daily Inquirer Family of Philippine eagles found in Zamboanga Peninsula https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1294903/family-of-ph-eagles- found-in-zamboanga#ixzz6VHPjrXFR

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ANNEX C

DENR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENT BUREAU BILL

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ANNEX D

WILDLIFE FORENSICS CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

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1 PREFACE

The Government of the Philippines has been continually advancing its capacity to combat wildlife trafficking since its accession to the Conference on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES). Notably, their progress has been firmly rooted in rule-of-law solutions and in sustainable internal practices. Early landmark steps in the past included the organization of implementing offices, enhancements in legislation, official statements about the prioritization of environmental crime, the creation of an environmental “green court” system, and, in the last decade, a Memorandum of Understanding with the United States’ National Wildlife Forensics Lab. More, however, needs to be done; the urgency of the threat to Philippine biodiversity and to environmental and social justice in general in a nation still closely linked to its natural resources might out-match the best slow-paced efforts.

A keystone component of the evolving approach will be the institution of a Philippine wildlife forensics laboratory. The idea was first conceived in the Philippines and discussed with partners, both internally and with important overseas allies such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, among others. A concrete plan of action now needs to be formulated and executed. Through the Protect Wildlife project, USAID and their partners such as USDOI and the Partnership for Biodiversity Conservation Project (PBC with numbered iterations PBC 1, PBC II, etc.) are helping advance this goal. This report aims to assist towards that end by documenting the current state of wildlife forensics and preparing for change to reach the next stage.

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2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Conference on Wildlife Forensics as a Tool to Combat Wildlife Trafficking, held on July 16 to 18, 2019 in Cebu City, convened primary stakeholders in environmental enforcement. The group produced a draft action plan and a Technical Working Group to oversee it. In the week afterwards, further meetings with individual agency leadership were held to validate forensic needs and capacity, cover topics and questions that might not have been addressed at the conference, and report on the overall assessment.

Conference delegates support the creation of a Wildlife Forensic Lab. With their outputs and with continued support from Protect Wildlife and PBC III, the Technical Working Group will be able to finalize and begin implementing the action plan. The action plan ultimately calls for a sustainable, unitary laboratory model that: has appropriate policies and procedures supporting a full range of analytic services; provides access for each of the relevant enforcement agencies; provides analyses and outputs relevant to Philippine courts and laws; adhere to current government structure and policies; and adapts to future developments and contingencies.

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3 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

The forensics capacity of the Philippine Government that supports wildlife law enforcement is currently spread out over several agencies and institutions and done on an ad hoc basis. For example, DNA barcode testing of evidentiary wildlife samples collected from crime scenes is limited to University of the Philippines-Institute of Biology (UP-IB), which then interprets them based on comparisons with their databases. The collection of these evidentiary samples to UP-IB is usually performed by field personnel of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), or the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD), including most cases which are jointly investigated with the Philippine National Police (PNP) or National Bureau of Investigation (NBI). Transmittal of the specimens, and of subsequent reports, is frequently more circuitous by the time it could be tendered before court.

These technical agencies do not typically perform or pursue other aspects of crime scene investigation and preservation of evidence, such as: fingerprinting, molding of shoe prints, crime scene photography, collection and analysis of trace evidence; or capture, tracing and analysis of digital communications and financial transactions related to wildlife crimes. These are left to officers of the PNP and NBI, and then only when present in an operation or when their assistance is otherwise requested. For a variety of logistical reasons, such cases are few relative to the number of opportunities for potential cooperation and to the desired outcome of improved investigative case outcomes.

To address these gaps, various partner agencies have undertaken steps towards building more effective capacity (for example, DENR through Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) and UP-IB has worked to augment the genetic component of wildlife forensics capacity for the Philippine government.) As part of the development process for improving wildlife crime forensics capacity in the country, Protect Wildlife, Partnership for Biodiversity Conservation (PBC) III and the National Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee – Sub-Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (NALECC-SCENR) organized the Conference on Wildlife Forensics as a Tool to Combat Wildlife Trafficking in 2019 in Cebu City to determine how the country will move forward in improving wildlife crime forensics and its support for enforcement. Attendees were appointed to represent the partner agencies as delegates to the conference that facilitated better learning about the topic and better planning for national wildlife forensics efforts.

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Conference on Wildlife Forensics in Cebu. Atty. Asis Perez of the Partnership for Biodiversity Conservation III project facilitated the action planning at the Conference on Wildlife Forensics as a Tool to Combat Wildlife Trafficking in Cebu.

3.1 PURPOSE OF THE ASSESSMENT/REPORT

Alongside that process, Protect Wildlife engaged a short-term technical advisor (STTA) to provide an overall analysis of the forensics capabilities available in the country, and in various government agencies as both providers and/or users. The STTA would provide analysis, report and recommendations on how the government can move forward with the phased development of its wildlife crime forensics program in concert with its expressed intentions and needs. The STTA output, this report, provides an external, third-party summary of Philippine capacity, needs and other information. This report will serve as reference to the Technical Working Group (TWG) in their finalization and implementation of an action plan that was drafted during the Cebu conference on wildlife forensics.

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3.2 SUPPORT FOR STRENGTHENING WILDLIFE LAW ENFORCEMENT CAPACITIES OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

In partnership with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Protect Wildlife and PBC III, two training activities on wildlife crime scene forensics were done in early to mid-2018 for various agencies that included enforcers from DENR, PCSD, BFAR, NBI, and selected local government units (LGUs). The activities were devised as proof-of-concept to develop a wildlife crime scene investigation course that highlights the more technical aspects of evidence preservation and collection, including proper collection of blood and tissue samples and of any items related to financial transactions, trace analysis and photography5. Many other courses and programs have targeted other sectors of wildlife law enforcement and prosecutions in recent years.

3.2.1 VISITS OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL TO USFWS FORENSICS LABORATORY

In December 2018, a Philippine delegation composed of representatives from DENR-BMB, BFAR, PCSD, PNP, NBI, UP-IB, and Department of Justice (DOJ) visited the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Lab (NFWFL) located in Ashland, Oregon, U.S.A. The visit was supported by USAID through Protect Wildlife project and the PBC III project of the United States Department of the Interior (USDOI). Personnel of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and NFWLFL gave a briefing about the laboratory, their protocols and procedures; the staff, its organization; and the different functional sections of the laboratory. The purpose of the visit was for participants to have an in-depth introduction to the organization and management of a wildlife forensics laboratory. The participants discussed initial planning to enhance the country’s capability for using wildlife forensics to deter wildlife trafficking, which would include trade in illicit fisheries, timber and flora. These discussions also included initial ideas on the proposed establishment of the WildFORCE, a working name for a Philippine Wildlife Forensics Center.

PBC II had also supported a previous visit by various personnel of the Philippine government to NFWFL and the USFWS Repository in 2014. PBC II had also supported the secondment of a DENR staff veterinarian to NFWFL as a forensics intern for six months in 2010.

5 Note: equally critical to the technical skills involved in evidence collection, handling and analysis is proper documentation thereof – from chain of custody to well-written, properly referenced and complete reports acceptable to the courts, appropriately formatted and backed up by availability to the prosecutors and courts.

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3.2.2 OTHER SUPPORTED EFFORTS TO STRENGTHEN FAMILIARITY AND CAPACITY WITH WILDLIFE FORENSICS

USFWS Office of Law Enforcement (OLE) brokered a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between NFWFL and the Philippine government. The MOU was a watershed agreement, the first of its kind worldwide for NFWFL, that was formally signed in 2014. Provisions of the MOU are as follows.

• Continuing support to training and other capacity-building to Philippine authorities. • Analytical and technical support for important cases where the Philippine government sought assistance. • Legal and procedural basis for the introduction of U.S.-generated evidentiary analyses to a Philippine court, in those cases where NFWFL gave substantive assistance, and vice-versa. • Basis for future mutual assistance in forensic analysis (e.g., a USFWS-OLE officer in Asia could request Philippine forensic support in a case and introduce the results to a U.S. court.

USFWS-OLE also supported the 2013 Advanced Ivory Forensics Identification Course (taught by this STTA), which was the highest-level offering with hundreds of samples of all types of ivories especially loaned from NFWFL for instruction and one-on-one testing. The dedicated participation of a key group of select agency staff led to the transfer of advanced skills to the Philippine government and a core team of future trainers.

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4 STUDY METHODOLOGY

The study relies in great part on two foundational efforts to understand and document the capacity and needs of the Philippine government with respect to a wildlife forensics laboratory: the Cebu conference on wildlife forensics and a set of follow-up meetings with key stakeholders.

Much study, discussion and effort led to the Conference on Wildlife Forensics as a Tool to Combat Wildlife Trafficking, held on July 16-18, 2019 in Cebu City. The event convened a broad array of representatives from the primary stakeholders in environmental law enforcement (see list of attendees in Appendix A) and led to the production of a draft action plan (see Appendix B) and the provision for a Technical Working Group (TWG) to advance the action plan. The conference allowed an opportunity for Protect Wildlife to make numerous substantive and qualitative assessments and reviews. These included surveys, interviews, votation, break-out groups’ notes, and resolutions and determinations from the breakout sessions, which addressed general points and/or specific, technical matters.

In the week afterwards, Protect Wildlife held meetings with primary stakeholders, including PCSD, BFAR, BMB, DENR, UP-IB, and NBI, to validate forensic needs and capacity and to cover details and questions that might not have been addressed at the Cebu conference.

This report is a distillation of outputs from those two weeks, with some commentary, analysis and recommendations.

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5 ASSESSMENT OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT CAPACITIES FOR WILDLIFE FORENSICS

Attended by representatives from primary stakeholders in Philippine environmental law enforcement, the Cebu conference provided an overview of current forensic capacity. From this overview, it may be gleaned that, overall, potential capacity of the Philippine government is very high as most of the component scientific and technical skills and expertise and a good deal of the requisite equipment exists in the country.

Attendees of the conference agree that the creation of a Wildlife Forensic Lab is the way forward, and have drafted an action plan towards this goal.

Creating a new structure is likely the most efficient path forward as this new structure will bring together existing but disparate skills and resources in a cohesive and sustainable way – and one properly responsive to the legal requirements of the courts, not the preferences of various users. The new structure would make the best use of both the strengths and resources of the various participating agencies and institutions and address their growing needs, given the efforts to ramp up the enhancement of environmental enforcement nationwide that may often go faster than what their individual experience in environmental, criminal or other law can easily process.

The proposed unitary laboratory will have: the appropriate policies and procedures to support a full range of analytic services; access to each of the relevant enforcement agencies; and an eye to contingencies and future developments (such as new technologies, partnerships or select satellite locations for long-term or complex storage). This lab is also the best, perhaps only way, to assure a consistent, quality suite of analytic products and services.

There may be interim steps required to achieve the goal. But these steps should be enacted with a “sunset clause” (should only be in effect for around 12 or 18 months), covering the current and subsequent fiscal year to allow for budget activities to catch up, thus ensuring momentum towards the end-goal.

The draft Action Plan generally reflects this perspective and concords with the assessments made by the STTA.

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5.1 POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR WILDLIFE CRIME FORENSICS

Formal policies governing or relating to wildlife crime forensic, are as follows.

• Broad guidance, albeit with statutory force, such as given in Republic Act (RA) 9147 or the law providing for the conservation and protection of wildlife resources and their habitats; RA 8550 (as amended by RA 10654) or the Philippine Fisheries Code; and RA 7586 (as amended by RA 11038) or the National Integrated Protected Areas System or NIPAS law. • Specific inter-agency directives, such as the NALECC-SCENR. • Specific agency directives, such as DENR Special Order No. 2019-429, Authorizing the Conduct of the Conference on Wildlife Forensics as a Tool to Combat Illegal Wildlife Trafficking on 15- 19 July 2019, dated 27 June 2019, and signed by Undersecretary Ernesto Adobo.

Formal policies with respect to where wildlife crime forensics fits in with national enforcement and/or forensic priorities include as follows.

• With respect to the PNP: the 2006 national PNP strategy plan, where Environmental Crime was set as a high priority pillar (one of six) by the PNP leadership (along with Aviation Security, Crimes against Women and Children, Counter-Terrorism); previous guidance was provided in Letter of Instruction 42/2001 Sangyaman Master Plan dated December 6, 2001 (PNP Master Plan to Help Protect and Preserve Our Environment, Cultural Properties and Natural Resources). • With respect to the NBI: RA 10867 of June 2016 (law reorganizing and modernizing the NBI) that: ▪ directs the NBI to “establish and maintain an integrated, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art network of equipment and facilities to be used by the NBI in its criminal investigations, and provide training thereto…” (referring to crime lab capacity and including cyber investigations and assessments and ballistics); and ▪ somewhat downgrades environmental crimes without an international nexus in their official list of priorities; however, these crimes are still undertaken at the behest of the President or the Secretary of Justice when “in the public interest”, in response to a request for assistance from another agency, or when a given case also triggers another explicit priority (such as national security, money-laundering, anti-graft, etc.). Note that the NBI does have a highly skilled Environmental Crimes Division under the Investigation Service6.

6 See link: https://nbi.gov.ph/services/investigation-services/

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With respect to agreed-upon inter-government policy, i.e., between the U.S. government and Philippine government, the policy environment for the development of wildlife forensics capacity is directly consonant with Strategic Approach 5 of the Protect Wildlife project, which is as follows.

Enhance competencies of national and local government agencies in enforcing biodiversity conservation-related laws and policies, with these five-year targets: • 1,000 government staff trained in combating wildlife and environmental crime • 50 new or revised laws and regulations adopted to combat wildlife crimes • 1,000 confiscations, seizures and arrests resulting from capacity building provided by Protect Wildlife.

It is also supportive of Protect Wildlife Strategic Approach 4, particularly so if the structure and management of the Wildlife Forensics Lab and related factors (such as accreditation) are appropriately designed, crafted, and emplaced. Strategic Approach 4 is as follows.

Enhance capacities of universities to advance biodiversity conservation education, research, monitoring, and innovation, with these five-year targets: • 25 university-supported research initiatives implemented at Protect Wildlife sites • 10 universities developing conservation curricula with support from Protect Wildlife.

5.2 AGENCY-SPECIFIC MANDATES RELATED TO FORENSICS

Details of the mandates of Philippine environmental law enforcement agencies are provided in the Cebu conference report. For purposes of this report’s analysis, the agencies’ mandates align as follows. • Statutory, i.e., from law or legal procedure which impels the use of certain tools, such as wildlife forensics (a “known known”). • Executive, i.e., from policy statements including those mentioned in Section 5.1 or similar providing relevant directives and priorities (a “known unknown”). • Ancillary, i.e., other agency responsibilities or externalities that may indirectly bear on the administration of wildlife forensics (an “unknown unknown”).

Statutory, the first category, is not really subject to change or interpretation other than by the courts or by the passage of new laws by Congress. The laws and procedures under this category reflect the realities and requirements of Philippine criminal and civil law; in particular, the needs of the Green Courts and the procedural practices of the NBI and PNP as well as the growing role and authorities of new enforcement entities such as Fisheries Protection and Law Enforcement Group and Philippines Operations Group on Ivory and the Illegal Wildlife Trade (POGI). Also included in this category are the implied mandates of specific laws; the Wildlife Act, for example, where the law is written in such a way as to require certain types of information at charging or at sentencing.

The second category, Executive, includes those mandates that may be unfamiliar to partner agencies; i.e., DENR may not be familiar with the policies internal to BFAR. This category also includes those mandates that are subject to change but can perhaps be estimated and planned for. To illustrate, both

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PNP and NBI have special divisions and organizational structures tasked with addressing environmental crime: the Police Environment Desk Officer and the Environmental Crimes Division, respectively7. A sudden change in budget priorities could, for example, drive a decision to reprioritize their environmental enforcement activities adversely or restrict their overall day-to-day resources to similar effect. Other examples might include future changes in priorities or policies by partners directly inconsistent with the routine operation of a wildlife crime lab.

The third category, Ancillary, reflects a given agency’s other responsibilities and priorities which might (or might not) be aligned with the practice of impartial evidentiary analysis and could cover broad issues like unforeseen changes in technology, government or law (hence, the unknown unknown). To illustrate, if food safety for fishery products was suddenly transferred to BFAR from the current administering agency, the need for day-to-day regulatory inspection of legal activities might quickly overwhelm an already limited capacity for criminal investigations. Other examples may involve legal, political or operational disagreements at the LGU level, or unforeseen conflicts of interest in analytic procedures or testimony only surfacing later at court hearings in a wildlife crime trial.

An adaptive, cohesive structure is thus suited for the proposed wildlife forensic lab. A structure that integrates its various components and is rooted in current legal practices but is sufficiently impartial to be shielded from potential changes in priorities or budget. In this way, the continued, smooth operation of the lab is better assured – even if one or another component were briefly to falter: “Kaya matibay ang walis, palibhasa’y nabibigkis.”

5.3 FINDINGS

Overall. It was clear that the attendees of the Cebu conference had the support of their leadership for their participation in the conference. The earnestness for making progress in combating wildlife trafficking and the palpable interest for setting up a forensics lab in order to enhance their environmental crime-fighting capacity could be felt and heard. Participants were quite candid and open in their commentaries, within the limits of their knowledge and expertise8. Each of the agencies in attendance have valuable contributions to and viable requests of the practice of forensics in furtherance of environmental investigations. The conference helped reveal to a wider group some of the capacities of other agencies (or even other offices in the same agency), some better understanding of the needs, and helped synthesize the new level of awareness in their draft Action Plan and related activities.

The Philippines has, generally speaking, most if not all of the “ingredients” and certainly the technical skills and scientific expertise to proceed. Some of these ingredients are already in use, albeit not fully

7 A law passed in 2006 altered how NBI prioritizes environmental casework. See further details in Section 6.3.5 of this report. 8 In many similar circumstances internationally, it is often difficult to get full responses and discussions, which reduces the accuracy of estimates and findings. The Philippines should be highly commended for this openness.

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integrated with legal procedures or fully technically developed. Morphology and genetic barcoding are two examples (morphology might benefit from more standardized reporting procedures and formats for presentation to court; while barcoding is strong in that regard, the exemplar library is incomplete and the length of the process is a source of confusion to hurried enforcers with urgent frontline needs). Others are, for varying reasons, yet to be fully leveraged towards fighting wildlife crime. For instance, chemical analyses or criminalistics. Some agencies understand the utility and applications but have no access or equipment. Others have knowhow and equipment but without the applicability to criminal wildlife forensics or the imperative to develop procedures. As in the draft Action Plan, the path forward is in the shared vision of a wildlife forensics crime lab and related and innovative process solutions, such as the Green Courts and BFAR’s Certified Fish Examiner program.

Philippine forensic capacity, by type and function. The conference and the meetings held thereafter gathered details on individual agencies’ existing capacity for forensic analyses and a good deal of insight into their collective understanding of forensic techniques and uses. While the specifics are discussed in greater detail further along in this report (see sections according to agency), their observations – taken from breakout group discussions organized by forensic topics at the conference – are tabled at Appendix C and may be summarized as follows.

• Morphology (wildlife identification). While training activities are being conducted, these are generally limited to two or three participants per region, per taxon. Manuals and taxonomic guides are provided but are, however, also in limited numbers. Participants’ concerns here are: ▪ is how to cascade this level of knowledge further, across more field offices; ▪ ensuring sufficient internet access to field personnel in order to access identification resources, whether online guides or centrally-located experts; ▪ ensuring sufficient training and processes to allow for an efficient exchange of information (such as photographic) between the field and the requisite expertise; ▪ access to more definitive lists of relevant taxonomic experts, and the processes to contact them; ▪ additional training in relevant evidentiary practices other than taxonomy, e.g., use of GPS for properly marking location or photography (and possibly equipment) to effectively record features needed for morphological analysis.

• Chemistry (wildlife identification). There is little known current capacity to engage chemistry techniques such as stable isotope analysis in support of wildlife identification in the country. It is also unknown whether any facilities in the country offer the requisite equipment and expertise. (Note that there was a recommendation about setting up scholarships to encourage chemistry graduates to pursue research and/or careers in this field as most may go to high-paying jobs in the private sector, e.g., the pharmaceutical industry.)

• Chemistry (toxicology). Current capacity is limited, as follows: ▪ Fish kills: via the Department of Agriculture and BFAR; ▪ Human poisoning: via NBI with Department of Health and/or Food and Drug Administration; ▪ Wildlife poisoning: via veterinarians (either government or others) on ad hoc basis.

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The importance of building this capacity was recognized, suggesting that the following items should be considered in a five-year plan: ▪ Establishment of an institution charged with such examinations; ▪ Integration of such an institution with academia, such as state universities with veterinary programs; ▪ Possibly linked to a combination of DENR and/or BMB’s Wildlife Rescue Center, NBI forensic laboratory and PNP crime lab and satellite facilities. ▪ Coordination and cooperation of such an institution with other countries to assist in the development of proper techniques, standards, and best practices, and ensure policies in support of same.

• Genetics. While the importance of this capacity was recognized, its utility in criminal investigations was perhaps overestimated (due to timing and other procedural attributes). This topic was primarily deferred to UP-IB, which performs this work. Their recommendations in this regard were to: ▪ improve cooperation with other agencies and labs (NBI, PNP) to enhance operations; ▪ cooperate with other countries to help develop proper techniques and best practices; and ▪ enhance existing collections of genetic material (i.e. “barcode library”).

• Criminalistics. While importance of this technical area of expertise was recognized, unfamiliarity with the field led perhaps to stakeholders underestimating its breadth and true utility in criminal wildlife investigations. This topic was mostly deferred to PNP and NBI, seen as a separate endeavor that is PNP and NBI responsibility.

In closer perspective. A proper needs analysis relies on a franker discussion of failures as opposed to successes - something that is often hard to tease out in public discussions or forums. Effective, targeted recommendations depend on the accuracy of needs analysis and on a full understanding of and agreement on the definitions of terms. This understanding was addressed through interstitial meetings during the conference and in the agency meetings that followed. During the Cebu conference (and in prior experience), some variances had become evident in the definition and usage of terminology often in direct relation to the level of involvement and experience of the participant in actual criminal case investigations and prosecutions.

A simple example is the mere definition of “wildlife forensics lab”: to most, it meant a unitary wildlife crime lab, providing an integrated set of analytical tools for use in criminal investigations that is analogous to the NBI or PNP Crime Labs or, more precisely, similar to NFWFL. To some, at least at first, it meant a place to extract and process samples for further analysis elsewhere. To others, it seemed to mean a form of “repository” while there are those who saw it combined with, or restricted to, scientific research. Few originally perceived it as a crime lab first, specializing in wildlife but engaging in a full spectrum of forensic techniques. This explains a “failure to understand their failures” or learn from them with respect to court-acceptable reporting and testimony, and the support needed for effective criminal cases and investigations into wildlife trafficking and related environmental crime.

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Conference on Wildlife Forensics in Cebu. Dr. Ian Kendrich Fontanilla of the University of the Philippines gave the participants a crash course on DNA barcoding.

Take-aways from the Cebu Conference. The Cebu conference looks to have crystallized a common understanding of a wildlife crime lab’s role and structure, and agreed upon ways to further ensure agreement on this point. For example, partners can refer to the ISO international accreditation standards for crime labs as an objective source of guidance and parameters9.

The remote presentation by NFWFL helped visualize what a crime lab might or should be. The head of the morphology unit and the Deputy Director discussed their roles at the U.S. lab, its full range of analytic capacity, some of the infrastructure involved, and some of their limitations. An important take- away is the Deputy Director’s characterization of NFWFL’s main duties. The duties are defined not by one or another technique or tool but by forensic objectives: to identify evidence; to establish class and character of the evidence as needed; and to link victims and suspects with the evidence.

9 Accreditation standards point towards process and logistics as appropriate solutions to difficulties inherent in the archipelago, without costly redundancy.

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Next, the Cebu conference provided a forum to refine stakeholders’ understanding of the choices and tools involved. Some participants expressed a preference for genetic barcoding as “the” tool to solve their wildlife identification problems”. However, this confuses a tool or tactic with a winning strategy. In a form of unremarked observer bias, they had not led case investigations frequently enough to distinguish between the level of accuracy required at the different stages of an inquiry or to be aware of time restrictions associated with different legal proceedings to complete a given task.

Genetic barcoding – for those species where it can be done – might have a turnaround time of up to six weeks or more. While the accuracy is good enough for any stage of an investigation or court case and can likely be accomplished in a timely enough fashion for trial, it exceeds the time allotted for the early stages of an investigation (i.e., interception, detention, seeking warrants, etc.) where only probable cause needs to be determined. The time available in such instances is normally less than one day – from 18 hours (between a seizure and a proper filing) down to perhaps an hour or less (for example, when intercepting trucks or vessels with suspected wildlife, or cargo or passengers at an airport). Relying on genetic analyses in this case will significantly impact interceptions and seizures downward, although the success rate across a few cases that might make it to court might paradoxically increase.10

For this reason, it is critical to include traditional enforcement agencies such as the NBI and PNP in any technical working group, and ensure that the justice system’s perspective is weighted accordingly as the Action Plan is refined and finalized. Some of the technical agencies are still evolving with respect to their investigative capacity and can greatly benefit from the perspective of NBI and PNP; also, perhaps, from the criminal law expertise and experience of DOJ’s National Prosecution Service or Philippine Judicial Academy (PhilJA) in making effective choices and plans in the types of forensic analyses and procedures they will come to rely on and in developing effective processes, policies and capacity11.

Funding was raised as a potential limiting factor but was mostly tabled for later discussion. Some participants thought there should be several wildlife forensic labs located across the country, e.g., in Luzon, Palawan, Mindanao, maybe the Visayas (one participant advocated for “a forensics lab in each CENRO office”). This initial divergence was addressed by further clarification and agreement on the role of a wildlife forensics lab (or more correctly, and to clarify any semantic discord, a “wildlife forensics crime lab”) and by referring to the likely estimates of costs and other resources involved.

What follows are findings that cover the capacities of various Philippine agencies and institutions and their needs vis à vis a wildlife forensic lab, and observations about their potential contribution and support of the shared goal of a national lab, as envisioned in the Action Plan.

10 Hence, the importance of properly designed performance metrics when assessing the success of environmental enforcement. 11 Something similar used to be the case in the United States, perhaps an artefact of earlier organizational structures of the various land management and technical agencies, where all branches of the agencies, even law enforcement, were led by scientists or civil attorneys as opposed to law enforcers and prosecutors.

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5.3.1 DENR CAPACITIES

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources has several bureaus whose duties might intersect with a Wildlife Forensic Lab. These are primarily the BMB and FMB. Other such bureaus are EMB; staff-level Central Office who would largely be in charge of policy, funding and management; its field staff in the provinces such as the offices of the Provincial (PENRO) and Community (CENRO) Environment and Natural Resources Officer; and oversight of certain infrastructure or facility issues, etc.

Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) is the primary agency for law/policy enforcement on terrestrial wildlife and the administration of terrestrial CITES matters, and is a key partner in many wildlife investigations. While BMB does have enforcement authority over the general administration of environmental law, including civil powers, they have limited criminal enforcement authority. To address this, BMB works closely with officers of the NBI and PNP to advance criminal wildlife cases12. The PNP and NBI support may be direct (such as morphological identification, necropsies, or the subsidy of investigation costs) or indirect (such as coordinating analyses with other parties such as University of the Philippines – Institute of Biology or UP-IB or information exchange with CITES, etc.).

BMB maintains an evidence storage lock-up on premises at their national office complex in Quezon City. There is also a Wildlife Rescue Center there with a veterinary lab to support live wildlife seizures, wildlife health or cause-of-death determinations, etc. Their veterinarians on staff can reliably address most any inquiry as to cause-of-death, morphological identification, geographical range, etc. Other staff routinely perform records searches pertaining to wildlife (e.g., records of importation, CITES documents, permits and licenses, etc.). BMB staff are frequent participants in specialized training: as “students” in continuing education and as presenters and instructors.13

On the use genetic barcoding services, as provided by UP-IB, BMB representatives shared a recent success case into the illicit collection and commercialization of protected flora in the bonsai trade where their staff maintain proper chain of custody, are able to provide testimony, and comply responsively with the rules and requirements set by police, prosecutors and judges.

Forest Management Bureau (FMB) has some capacity with respect to identification of woods and timber, although this was not confirmed by a follow-up visit or previous direct experience. According to follow- up discussions with investigative agencies, such work typically involves cooperation with UP Los Baños- Forestry Products Research department (an FMB partner), either directly or via Department of Science

12 There is an administrative unit in BMB, known as POGI group, which comprises of hybrid teams of technical experts and police-authorized personnel to take on important or high-profile wildlife trafficking cases. 13 For example, most of their technical staff attended and excelled at the 2013 Advanced Ivory Identification Course sponsored by BMB and USFWS-OLE in support of mandates by the CITES Secretariat.

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and Technology (DOST). In some cases, UP-IB may also able to provide support through BOX 1. NEED FOR PROCESS genetic barcoding, as in the BMB case involving SOLUTIONS bonsai trade. One office wanted to address recent reports of illicit harvest of mangrove wood from a restricted Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) has area, and the subsequent production of charcoal some equipment for water-testing, although this for commercial sale. They wanted to know how was not confirmed by a follow-up visit. It was, barcoding or other analyses might resolve the however, reported by law enforcement investigation. partners who had mixed success with their Needs. Presented with the sale of suspected outputs and results. Two partner agencies illegally-sourced charcoal, they would like to reported that despite having some equipment, perform tests to effect the identification of the EMB did not have the ability to properly link species involved. evidence with victims, suspects, and primary or Current limitations. Scientific exemplars for secondary scenes. While EMB might not be a wood of the species involved are available for primary partner in a wildlife crime forensics lab, some 20 species of mangrove found in the an important role was identified for them at the Philippines – but not of its end-products, such as conference: when wildlife is harmed or killed by charcoal. It is unclear which analytic exams would work, as the heat involved in production will 14 pollutants, such as chemical or mining spills. likely degrade the features required to perform identifications, such as genetic material. Given Given the capacities of the individual bureaus, sufficient research, it might be possible to DENR as a whole has significant contributions develop sufficient comparative data to link to make – and BMB in particular. In frank mangrove wood’s morphology or chemistry with discussions about their needs and limitations, it its charcoal but that research has not yet been done. appears that most issues would be addressed by appropriate process solutions, and by the Likely solutions. It appears that the approach envisioned crime lab and its draft action plan. sought is a scientific one. While that is worth An example from the focal group discussion at pursuing, the traditional enforcement solution to this type of problem is investigative: proper the Cebu conference that will illustrate this surveillance, documentation and interviews of point is detailed in Box 1. witnesses along the trail (harvest, transport, production, sale), possibly with an undercover Based on the subsequent small meeting purchase. Circumstantial evidence, corroborating discussions, examples of these issues can be facts, and interviews should adequately characterized as follows. substantiate this type of case for successful prosecution. However, the lack of sufficient access (or support) to fully authorized • Concerns about the speed of investigators is a likely factor contributing to the identification to ensure proper seizures hunt for a “quick” scientific solution instead as and detention of evidence of suspected well as familiarity of technical staff with scientific, as opposed to investigative, solutions.

14 EMB was not directly represented at the Cebu conference.

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wildlife violations, particularly when involving priority casework with interceptions in the field of meat, parts of wildlife, and timber. • Concerns about the viability of DENR’s testimony and expert determinations for court, especially in light of recent decisions and jurisprudence that reportedly drastically limits DENR’s role and effectiveness in assessing timber value and in certain land use and record questions. • Interest in accelerating and streamlining use of and access to underused types of analyses, which could address evidentiary issues common to their priority cases (e.g., digital, chemical). • Interest in enhancing standards and streamlining practices for analytic skills they are currently using (e.g., morphology) to improve casework, timing and viability for Philippine courts and internationally when shared with partners in transborder wildlife trafficking investigations. • Interest in developing analyses for particular species of priority interest or devised to address particular cases and circumstances due to frequency, or case sensitivities. • Interest in infrastructure support as DENR is the owner of some facilities that may greatly support one or another part of an operating wildlife forensics lab. This includes DENR Wildlife Rescue Centers at Quezon City and Palawan (for the intake of live, seized wildlife, etc.), and even large buildings potentially able to house a lab (for example, as noted by a ranking staffer at a DENR meeting, the Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau or ERDB building at UPLB that until recently was home for the ASEAN Center for Biodiversity and is now vacant).

5.3.2 PCSD CAPACITIES

The Palawan Council for Sustainable Development has a special role in fighting wildlife crime as one of the lead management agencies with jurisdiction over Palawan, which is logistically remote and home to many of the most at-risk wildlife and timber resources. PCSD also has special responsibilities as a partner CITES authority. During the follow-up site meeting, its leaders offered to support efforts to build the wildlife barcode “library” for wild Palawan species – resources often involved in some of the most deleterious violations and high-priority cases. PCSD is a significant partner on both the contribution and user sides of the equation.

In reviewing their needs above what was presented at the Cebu conference, PCSD leaders shared their concerns about the magnitude of seizures of wildlife, timber and fishery resources. They also explained their concerns about the logistics and costs associated with casework, including travel, shipping, storage, staffing, etc. In a visit to their storage area, the Protect Wildlife team, composed of the STTA and the project site manager for Palawan, found a variety of property that had been seized as evidence: sea turtle shells, pangolin scales and fish; and chainsaws and other equipment. While the properties were basically secured, they were stored in the heat and humidity so that decomposition and mold had started on the perishable items, and durable items were rusting and degrading.

Further discussion revealed that there was a disconnect between evidence storage and a general repository of old seizures; between active, inactive and closed cases. There also did not seem to be any central set of records of accessions and dispositions of evidence (cross-referenced to case, date, adjudication, etc.), though there was probably a basic long-hand ledger (or similar) being maintained. These issues would appear to first call for process solutions. For example, managers with experience in criminal procedure should be able to work with the courts on appropriate legal processes to reasonably

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limit, adjudicate or otherwise administer evidence that are currently over their capacity to store or maintain15 while preserving case integrity.

The Protect Wildlife team also visited PCSD’s proposed site for their lab. There were several household-type chest freezers in the facility filled with specimens ranging from pangolins to fish. The specimens seemed sufficiently preserved, though there did not appear to be any provisions for back-up power. The facility, under final renovation, is designed and planned to house a PCSD visitors’ center and interpretive museum, for which PCSD plans to set up some way of contributing towards operating costs such as an entry fee. Much of the display would include seized specimens of wildlife and educational materials about wildlife and illegal wildlife trafficking.16

The Protect Wildlife team next visited the former Crocodile Breeding Center, now a DENR-run Palawan Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center with a public visitation Seized wildlife, including sea turtles and other species, component. The facility has a staff veterinarian at PCSD. (Photo by George Phocas) and a number of interpreters for the public. Live wildlife seizures by PCSD are brought to the facility for treatment and assessment and kept in a secured, non-public area. When feasible, animals are released to the wild near the facility or sometimes, depending on species and condition, to more remote locations. Wildlife that cannot be released17 is retained at the zoo- like facility. As with PCSD, there did not seem to

15 BFAR’s FPLEG is familiar with court orders and other processes available under Philippine law to resolve such issues. 16 While the objective of an educational center is laudable, there may be some navigation required to adjust its relative prioritization (along with the monetization of seizures) over counter-trafficking and enforcement efforts. 17 Main reasons seized wildlife cannot be released: it was a non-native species; its health precludes safe return to the wild (e.g., a broken wing or communicable disease); or it had become tame and wouldn’t survive on its own.

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Seized chainsaws at the PCSD evidentiary storage facility. (Photo by George Phocas) be any central set of records of accessions and dispositions. For instance, animals held at the facility were no longer given modern traceable and individual identification tags such as bands, tattoos or microchips, but were instead marked with older techniques such as scale clipping.

To summarize, PCSD has some good mechanisms for the intake of seized wildlife including, critically, the intake and care of live wildlife as well as some capacity for other forensic services such as morphological identification (of locally found species only) and veterinary services (e.g., necropsies). Outside of those skill areas, their forensic capacity is very limited, and insufficient with respect to marking and record- keeping, to which they are looking to standardization compatible with the strategic plans of the stakeholders from the Cebu conference.

Regarding their needs, their investigative capacity is primarily geared towards internal casework (i.e., counter-poaching) as opposed to counter-trafficking. This is understandable as they are a main source point. However, their ability to pursue effective transborder investigations is anemic due to logistics, communications, et al.; also perhaps due to PCSD’s core role as a technical agency tasked with land use and management but with little law enforcement or criminal law experience. With little experience in the selection and use of advanced forensic techniques or their integration into effective criminal prosecutions, their priorities thus tend toward the generic:

• building more effective cases involving Palawan’s resources via appropriate forensic analyses; • minimizing burdens on existing local resources (e.g., storage, funds); • furthering outreach and related initiatives about wildlife trafficking; and • development of better techniques to assist in countering timber trafficking.

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5.3.3 BFAR CAPACITIES

BFAR is the primary agency for law/policy enforcement on marine wildlife species and administration of marine CITES matters; and is a key partner in many investigations. BFAR has a number of ways where their duties might intersect with a Wildlife Forensic Lab: the Fisheries Protection and Law Enforcement Group (FPLEG); the Provincial Fishery Offices; the Central Office and their laboratories, including their own small field labs; the large, centrally-located National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) and their partner facilities in academia or government like Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Center.

During the previous administration, BFAR took steps to train and professionalize a duly-authorized police enforcement unit known as FPLEG, which worked closely with LGUs and officers of the NBI, PNP and Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) to advance criminal investigations. FPLEG is able to support investigations through basic morphological identification and can access more advanced resources as well as specialty information pertaining to fisheries and fishery administration including records of permits, licenses, registrations, etc. FPLEG also can access technical BFAR staff who can conduct necropsies where needed, and coordinate with other parties such as DENR, UP-IB, CITES, etc. BFAR has aquatic veterinarians on staff who can reliably address most any inquiry as to cause-of-death, morphological identification, geographical range, etc.

BFAR’s staff generally performs records searches pertaining to wildlife (e.g., records of importation, CITES documents, permits and licenses, etc.). As the recordkeeping system is updated to the new U.S.- supported Fishery Law Enforcement Management Information System or FLEMIS, this capacity will improve markedly, especially pertaining to remote access in the field. As reported in one-on-one discussions, BFAR is also increasing their forensic capacity through chemical analysis, and has one mass spectrometer (and another on order) towards this end. Their staff are frequent participants in specialized training: as “students” in continuing education and as presenters and instructors at national and international training events.

On use genetic barcoding services as provided by University of the Philippines, Institute of Biology (UP- IB), BFAR representatives shared their recent successful case into illicit trade in sea turtle meat where FPLEG and other BFAR staff can maintain proper chain of custody, are able to provide testimony, and are responsive to requirements and rules of police, prosecutors and judges.

BFAR’s institutional capacity to innovate and explore effective rule-of-law solutions may be illustrated by their Certified Fish Examiner program, which they devised as a response to the problem of introducing dynamited fish as court evidence in the prosecution of dynamite fishing – a priority type of case that is still, unfortunately, somewhat frequent (see Box 2). Their Certified Fish Examiner program is a good example of an effective and adaptive process solution, which could be applied to certain other types of procedure and gaps in wildlife cases and could be a component of the solutions offered under the aegis and direction of a wildlife forensics lab. (The program is also an example of a certification or accreditation issue best handled by a unitary lab, which can more readily prioritize and support these issues.) BFAR is also trying to develop detection and analytic techniques for fish toxicology to address another frequent type of violation: use of cyanide in the collection of aquarium fish. This type of pursuit

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BOX 2. PROCESS SOLUTION: BFAR’s CERTIFIED FISH EXAMINER PROGRAM

The program was devised as a response to a problem nagging the effective prosecution of dynamite fishing. To properly introduce dynamited fish as evidence before the court, officers need to establish cause of death of the specimens. Up until the early 2000s, this was typically done by sending a representative sample of the fish in question to a BFAR aquatic veterinarian. At the time, there were but a limited number in the country and the logistics made it difficult to get the analytic results in a timely fashion, which reduced the number of viable cases to bring before the courts.

Under BFAR’s Certified Fish Examiner program, selected officers undergo specialized training in performing fish necropsies that is specific to the identification of the use of dynamite. The course was designed by veterinarians and approved by their professional association, making the trained officers’ potential appearance as expert witnesses acceptable to the courts. Later, the entire training and certification was validated by DOJ. The number of dynamite fishing cases rose and the case success rate rose as well. Reportedly, there are some differences, albeit slight, between training provided the earliest and the most recent certificate holders – BFAR is reconciling this and noted that the legal status of the certificate holders and their determinations had not been affected.

– important as a national priority – may benefit from the creation of a national forensics lab as a lab may be able to supply the requisite influence and guidance to encourage follow-up research, either via its own internal agreements and MOUs or informally18.

BFAR was frank about other types of gaps, as well; other areas and issues they are exploring include technical and legal enhancements to coral identification and other morphological analyses19; and genetic barcoding. Their concerns here are as follows.

• Whether the execution of analyses might be decentralized to the regions. • On who bears the cost of fees for amplification and chemicals. If it is the originating office, this may result in low capacity, as reflected in valid requests. If it is pushed to a centrally-paid system, there will be high demand, even if the analysis is inappropriate to the reason for the request (i.e., timing. • In either case, increasing the skill and capacity of field personnel to properly extract samples, and improving the collection and transmittal of samples around the country, in general.

18 One possible method was proposed by a university in Portugal in 2013 but their results have yet to be reproduced elsewhere. Roughly described, it involves the detection not of cyanide but of specific hormones expressed by fish when exposed to cyanide. Few places have the capacity to attempt to reproduce or expand upon this finding; and without “encouragement”, such facilities are unlikely to pursue this type of non-profit, secondary research. 19 Concerns included “tactics” such as improving equipment or reference material for specific genera like coral; and “strategy” such as standardizing the analyses and reporting of morphological analysis nationwide.

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Given the range of capacities and their institutional understanding and informed mindset on the subject, BFAR has significant contributions to make. In frank discussions about their needs and limitations, it appears that many issues would be addressed by appropriate process solutions, and by the envisioned crime lab and its draft action plan. To summarize, examples of such needs can be characterized as follows.

• Concerns about the speed of identification in order to ensure proper evidentiary procedures, especially in cases of suspected violations involving meat or parts, or perishable materials, a frequent characteristic of BFAR case evidence. • Concerns about the storage and processing of certain non-wildlife seizures (e.g., explosives and poisons) and the enhancement of (or adherence to) inter-agency policies and procedures to ensure appropriate efforts and outcomes in such high-priority cases. • Interest in developing court-acceptable analyses to address the issue of cyanide fishing, always a high-priority issue both locally (i.e., residual effects on the reef) and in transborder trade. To this end, they have already aimed at improving their capacity in chemical analyses at NFRDI. • Interest in developing acceptable field analyses to address casework involving meat and other products (e.g., shark fins) that don’t lend themselves easily to field morphological identification. • Interest in increasing access and streamlining efforts involving criminalistic and digital analyses. • Interest in enhancing standards and practices for analytic skills they are currently using (e.g., morphology) to improve casework, timing and legal viability before the Philippine legal system and internationally when shared abroad in international trafficking investigations. • Interest in developing and/or enhancing certain types of digital analyses to address the issue of vessel tracking, encroachment and violations of protected areas: examples include better access to digital services to read vessel’s GPS and radar logs; or coordination with PCG and Philippine Navy to better make use of advanced analysis techniques20 (e.g., specific emitter identification) at joint operational efforts such as the coast watch facility.

5.3.4 PNP CAPACITIES

The Philippine National Police is a primary partner in the enforcement of environmental laws, with a uniformed and patrol presence across the country. Along with NBI (whose work is primarily plain- clothes and investigative), they have full statutory police powers and are authorized to enforce all laws of the nation. The PNP provides important contributions in the following ways:

• to forensics directly, through support of wildlife investigations by their statutorily-mandated crime labs, primarily in traditional criminalistics (e.g., ballistic analysis, fingerprinting, etc.);

20 This example would be more about how BFAR could start to properly gather evidentiary materials in the field for such complex analysis by Philippine border and security agencies who perform them already, rather than conduct such analyses themselves; and integrate ensuing results, as appropriate, into their casework and planning.

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• operationally, through the support of Police Environmental Desk Officer, which is vital in garnering resources and support in field investigations in the provinces (for example, in navigating LGU interactions); • operationally, through their authoritative presence in joint operations requiring coordination and cooperation with other national agencies; • for BFAR’s interests in particular, through the PNP Maritime Group, with their significant police authority, work with LGUs, and patrol presence and capacity in municipal waters with small craft.

These are their current contributions, with the last three bullet-points typically in support of joint operations with a representative of the relevant technical agency available onsite. At the Cebu conference, the PNP representative, who is associated with their crime lab and currently assigned to the Transnational Crime Center, described the capacities of their own crime laboratory and related satellite facilities. He detailed examples of forensic support the PNP provides to government partners, in particular to wildlife investigations. He was also able to confirm that the PNP crime lab at Camp Crame is accredited to ISO standards21.

Note, however, that PNP’s most frequent need occurs as a solo consumer of forensic analyses: typically, it is related to their operation of highway checkpoints around the country. Often the site of interceptions (if not always seizures) of illicit truckloads of timber and other wildlife moving within the country, this nearly always involves a time-critical request for identification to support detention (i.e., probable cause determination of genus or species) without personnel from the technical agency on hand to support.

The PNP’s primary interest is in the provision and/or development of an appropriate menu of analytical tools, sorted by “accuracy” (i.e., probable cause vs. beyond a reasonable doubt) and time requirements. As they typically are working at the frontlines (e.g., highway checkpoints), the PNP will require more immediate determinations, while the more accurate validation of results for trial and sentencing would be performed after a seizure during the later phases of an investigation.

5.3.5 NBI CAPACITIES

The National Bureau of Investigation, particularly their Environmental Crime Division (ECD), is a critical partner in the investigation and prosecution of wildlife trafficking. Their special agents normally lead inquiries into the most complex and egregious cases of wildlife trafficking as well as criminal investigations with international links. In addition to their role as primary user of wildlife forensic

21 A likely driver for planning for and modeling the equivalent accreditation of any wildlife forensic lab.

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services, they make significant contributions via BOX 3. NBI SCENARIOS OF their individual expertise and their lab, typically ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME in the area of criminalistics and digital forensics. INVESTIGATIONS During the meeting at their ECD office in

Scenario 1. Given information about the sales of Manila, NBI officers led with two scenarios to sea turtle meat in Region XII, NBI officers illustrate some of the challenges they have faced purchased some of the meat while undercover – in their environmental crime investigations (see but the case stalled when the local technical Box 3). The first scenario was a stalling of case expert refused to provide support and could not get a determination in a timely manner. Their when the technical expert refused to provide refusal was initially said to be based on a fear of support and could not get a determination of the suspect and their claims of personal safety the sea turtle meat in a timely manner. When caused significant delays and additional efforts. It asked what is a “timely manner”, NBI officers was later determined that the expert was actually explained that they typically have 18 hours working with the suspect, posing additional risks to NBI agents and otherwise weakening the between a seizure and the required filing of investigation. No follow-up on the expert’s appropriate charges before the court. NBI apparent role was pursued. officers confirmed that probable cause determinations are sufficient at this stage. Scenario 2. In a timber investigation in Region V, NBI special agents, acting on a tip, purchased However, the technical expert they met with timber samples from a suspect vendor. They could not offer a “menu” of forensic analyses, sought assistance from DOST, who connected nor was it clear whether they could distinguish them with the Forestry Research Institute at between the rationales involved in choosing UPLB to perform analysis. The wood was between different types of analysis. positively identified as an endemic Philippine dipterocarp (specifically “white lauan”; scientific name Shorea contorta) using a modern timber NBI agents agreed that in their direct identification technique involving microscopy and experience with multi-agency cases, technical digital imagery of wood exemplars for personnel were often less than cooperative, comparison. The NBI followed up with a seizure which might be due to “chain of command”, of 7,000 board feet of white lauan. Upon meeting with a DENR official, the official asserted that the agency priorities, travel or examination costs, wood was actually “meranti” wood, a similar employee availability, or, usually, a combination Malaysian species that could be confused with of these. Some instances can be attributed to white lauan, and for which they had issued more worrying rationales such as conflicts of importation permits to the subject of the interest or worse; historically, such instances investigation. DENR did not appear to perform any forensic analysis, other than cursory were not subject to investigation or observation of a specimen in hand. Reportedly, it impeachment (see second scenario in Box 3). was unclear whether DENR’s presumptive identification was linked to the permit (i.e., NBI agents agreed that the ideal circumstance “because an import permit for meranti wood was would involve the existing NBI lab being trained issued, it must be that”), or to potentially less acceptable reasons (e.g., the permit was applied up and fitted out to encompass wildlife forensic for or, worse, issued with this eventuality in analyses. They did not, however, think this was mind). The case was dropped and no further likely: their own lab is affected by the status of actions were taken. the NBI compound at U.N. Avenue – a sub- standard building that is now filled beyond capacity. Some tests are being farmed out;

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chemical analyses (e.g., case evidence related to pollution, piggeries, toxic waste, and water quality) are now performed externally. Costs for reagents alone have risen to approximately ₱2,000 per test, deterring proper investigations. NBI agents also report that a significant-sized budget allocation for forensic equipment was returned to the central government due to a lack of space to put said equipment at the NBI compound22.

For cases where NBI officers are unable to secure the support of technical and forensic support staff in a timely manner, considering the 18-hour window they face in filing the appropriate charges before the court, access to local expertise was initially thought to resolve this. But experience has shown this is not always the case (as in the first scenario in Box 3). NBI’s preference is that such supporting technical personnel should be available to travel to the site according to the investigation’s timeline (and not their own or their agencies’) while local support is used secondarily. This will serve several purposes: to focus efforts, to avoid conflicting priorities (whether personal or agency), and to avert time lost to transit, negotiations over costs, etc.

To date, NBI has been able to do this with BMB and DOST personnel on an ad hoc basis, though with some delays related to securing of funding23, particularly inter-agency funding for travel. NBI particularly has had good success working with DOST (note that, reportedly, DOST has in turn asked to secure an MOU with NBI to cover the safety and security of their personnel while in the field with the agents).

NBI’s primary interests are detailed as follows.

• How to improve the reliability of technical expert witnesses. This refers to such experts as a class (e.g., which agency or institution do likely witnesses work for, and what is its primary role) and as individuals, as to: ▪ their credibility (including ability to be vetted for impartiality, etc.); ▪ their availability (on scene, at court, etc.); ▪ the quality and applicability of their technical analyses; ▪ the content and form of their testimony; and ▪ the timing, quality and responsiveness of their recordkeeping and reporting. • More training on court-mandated issues for non-law enforcement professionals in the role of partner investigators (i.e., what is important to case development). • More training and familiarization for NBI agents on forensic analysis types: their uses, timing and alternatives.

22 This suggests a strategy driven by better coordination between agencies with facilities and no equipment and agencies with equipment but insufficient facilities or space. 23 For example, in one major international smuggling case that the STTA assisted in, the investigation was stalled over the costs of travel for participants (approximately $600 USD). This was ultimately resolved by the agencies but did cause some delays and occasion for additional violations (including further take of endemic, CITES-listed Philippine wildlife) to occur.

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• Wherever possible, make available (or innovate) field kits for NBI agents, along with pertinent training in their use and theory. This would in practice be analogous to their use of test kits for narcotics in drug case seizures, in time for filing charges and later validated as needed by more detailed (and expensive) analyses.

5.3.6 FORENSICS CAPABILITIES OF OTHER AGENCIES

The Department of Science and Technology (DOST), as reported by NBI, has been able to provide effective and timely forensic support – in timber cases, for example. The methodology used, which is microscopic analysis of wood grain that is cross-referenced to digitized imagery of a standardized collection, is one of the more effective analytic techniques and is a modern international standard recommended by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s Best Practice Guide for Forensic Timber Identification24. DOST built on their partnership with UPLB Forest Research Lab, and its large collection of morphological standards and other resources, to accomplish this.

DOST is an agency of great interest for wildlife forensics as they are essentially “impartial”. They are not issuing permits for nor have authority over the use (or misuse) of natural resources. They generally do not conduct research or commercial activities. This suggests that they can be an important partner in a wildlife forensic lab, especially when considering criteria such as accreditation or impartiality before the courts. They are a reliable source of scientific and technological expertise in the Philippines and should be a primary partner included in the TWG when it is convened.

While the Office of Transport Security under the Department of Transportation and the Bureau of Customs do not have any major forensic capacity, it is worth noting that their access to x-ray and related equipment at the borders is potentially of use in supporting forensic examinations in the field. While such equipment is currently helping identify contraband (e.g., concealed wildlife) for further examination by appropriate border authorities, x-rays can also be used, with appropriate training or guidance, for more specialized types of examinations like finding microchips in a live animal, bullets in a carcass, etc. (such capacities should be noted for later reference and inclusion in a master strategy).

5.4 UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SYSTEM

The University of the Philippines (UP) System has in the last two years made increasing calls for the development of forensic science as a discipline, as a service, and as a degree program. This was evident in meetings with the USFWS Regional Attaché in 2016 (specifically with UPLB) and in policy directives of

24 https://www.unodc.org/documents/Wildlife/Guide_Timber.pdf (note, the STTA was a participant and primary contributor to this document)

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the UP Board of Regents, as related by Dr. Ian Kendrich Fontanilla during a follow-up meeting on the Cebu conference.

The UP system has a great deal to contribute in the form of scientists and skills and in political and infrastructure capital. The added bonus of a degree program could greatly benefit the practice and sustainability of forensics in the Philippines, specifically in the vision of forensics as relating to wildlife, forest25 and fishery resources. The degree program would directly align with Protect Wildlife’s Strategic Approach 4. With the forensic science program, UP is a good bet to become a regional center of excellence in this field and a source of national pride.

5.4.1 UP LOS BAÑOS

Any discussion of the identification of Philippine flora and fauna (including timber) and related analyses is incomplete without mention of UPLB. Located in the province of Laguna, the university is one of the country’s leading institutions for applied natural sciences. As such, it maintains large collections of properly documented, museum-grade specimens for research, already in use for comparative examinations of Philippine and some foreign species.26 It is home to UP’s main schools for natural resources and hosts the ASEAN Center for Biodiversity, the International Rice Research Institute (with its cutting-edge access to scientific analyses and research) and other inter-government and regional technical institutions like Southeast Asia Regional Council on Agriculture.

Among the current and potential contributions to wildlife forensics capacity from UPLB are as follows.

• Scientific capacity. The expertise in wildlife science, forestry, etc. and the available resources to support the same (i.e., a collection of properly curated specimens, certain specialty equipment, etc.). • Technical expertise. A large pool of technical and support staff familiar with the types of equipment, maintenance, etc. involve). • Infrastructure. Whether: 1) in existing support, such as facilities already properly housing significant collections of fauna and flora specimens and related equipment; 2) possible future support, such as a building to house a lab, such as ERDB, or the space to conduct effective trainings nearby and/or onsite, such as the Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve that already accommodates training for their forestry and natural resources students; or 3) by its attributes,

25 Note, in addition to timber resources, DENR and PCSD have also prioritized concerns for the proper management and enforcement of non-timber forest products and resources. This especially impacts indigenous groups as well as subsistence or displaced communities in remote areas, disproportionately so in Palawan, BARMM and CAR. 26 While UPLB was not directly represented at the Cebu conference nor part of a direct visit in the following week, the STTA has visited many times the staff and leadership at their campus and facilities. A significant proportion of the Cebu conference participants also earned their collegiate degrees, undergraduate and graduate in UPLB.

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such as relative proximity to BFAR or DENR training schools, or to NAIA for proximity to air passenger and cargo traffic. • Political capital with government and political partners and resources (in particular with DENR). • Academic linkage. As a locus for new curricula such as wildlife forensics, and as the campus most aligned with applied natural resource management and sciences.

5.4.2 UP INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY

The UP-IB is one facility in a complex of genetic science centers located at the Diliman campus in Quezon City, including the Genomics Institute, et al. UP-IB has stepped up to the challenge of providing an important component tool to the overall practice of forensics in the Philippines: the use of genetic bar-coding. Towards this end, they have an MOU with BMB to facilitate their work and ensure a base level of procedural standards (e.g., chain of custody, standardized evidentiary labelling and numbering, etc.).

Genetic barcoding is a cutting-edge technique that promises to assist in cases (or in the phases of investigations) where the identification of species in evidence is a critical element and needs to be determined beyond a reasonable doubt or cannot be determined through other methods and tests27. The technique has already been used in cases brought by BFAR and DENR, and plans are in place to expand UP-IB’s “library” of comparison exemplars – particularly for species found in Palawan. The use of barcoding for furthering wildlife investigations is consonant with similar efforts worldwide, but there are several caveats to consider and clarify for policymakers28.

During the Cebu conference, the first presentation, “Current Status of Wildlife Forensics in the Philippines”, was given by Dr. Fontanilla of UP-IB. He briefly discussed the technique, described the tools and lab at UP-IB, and described cases where they had been able to provide important wildlife identification analyses to BFAR and DENR. During the follow-up meeting, Dr. Fontanilla also volunteered a correction, responding to a misunderstanding arising from semantics: UP-IB is a “wildlife genetic barcoding forensic laboratory”, not a “wildlife forensic laboratory”. The primary capacity and value of UP-IB is the use of genetic barcoding techniques to provide beyond reasonable doubt determinations of species identification.

The discussion with Dr. Fontanilla was informative; the gaps discussed ranged across a spectrum: some are complex, hard-to-predict issues, some remain to be determined, some are still being understood, while others are still being identified. The complex issues are often only apparent after the work had

27 Typically, at trial and/or sentencing or in cases involving meat and/or products where other forensic tests or circumstantial investigative proofs (e.g., video of a suspect butchering a sea turtle) are unavailable or insufficient. 28 The primary concern being its utility, or lack thereof, for frontline officers and interceptions due to complexities and timing.

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started, particularly given the priorities and experience of academia. Some such issues are currently being planned for, such as:

• providing for professional forensic society compliant protocols; • separation of enforcement activities from research not covered by such protocols, including forensic and related activities undertaken for non-government organizations and the private sector29.

Other issues remain “to be determined”, such as whether the existing MOU is sufficient to cover:

• when additional analyses are required on the same piece of evidence; • secondary institutions: how other institutes may be involved, whether formally or otherwise; • relevant parameters of analyses; whether analyses are responsive to the investigative request (assuming enough of a detailed request is given), or are they undertaken at the lab’s direction; • adequate provision of feedback and criteria to the requesting office in the field.

Some of the issues that are still being understood are:

• the assumption that allied technologies will be developed elsewhere; • whether all parties, MOU or not, are familiar with the timeframe requirements of analyses; • compatibility with international law enforcement protocols.

Finally, some issues that are still being identified are:

• ability to perform artificial DNA analysis, e.g., tracking “Smart Water” in monitored transactions; • compliance and reporting when evidentiary amplification or sequencing is performed abroad30; • to what extent they will be able to perform all work “in-house”, and when.

To summarize, UP-IB’s expertise is valuable, and their future works will continue to be so. While they have significant contributions to make towards forensic capacity and law enforcement support, many

29 E.g. they have on occasion performed forensic tests for NGOs, not pursuant to a government investigation. 30 Much of the sequencing is performed not at UP-IB but at commercial labs in Malaysia, Singapore and Korea. While BMB’s interpretation is that the material sent over does not require CITES export/import permitting, it is unclear whether or how this activity may be subject to other provisions of law, such as those pertaining to bioprospecting (e.g., RA9147) or to criminal court processes. Also requiring further review is the question of court testimony, if and when required. For example, the Philippine government-NFWFL MOU specifies that US officers will provide testimony upon Philippine government request, with costs borne by the Philippines. Lastly, any linkage or issues associated with a related commercial project (known as the “Google Bar Code of Life” after the corporate owner) are unclear: whether directly, or (potentially) through indirect responsibilities or obligations of UP-IB’s technical partners.

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similar to those listed for UPLB above, their actual maximum capacity is limited, and in ways not always visible to planners or users currently:

• They only perform genetic barcoding (e.g., genomic work is done at a different UP institute). • Currently, they are able to process a maximum of about two or three cases per month. With an expected new, full-time hire coming on board soon, they anticipate this will increase to approximately one case per week. While they are to be commended for their efforts to support enforcement, the actual likely demand from across the country will far exceed their capacity. Conversely, this upper limit on barcoding capacity may not be apparent to end-users in the field. • The time required for tests needs to be better explained to the “clientele” (i.e., users of forensic analytic services) as it may be inconsistent with their actual needs in the field, and the numbers of requests could quickly surpass UP-IB’s current capacity without adequate sorting and vetting; • Whether and how certain activities, such as interaction with research, foreign partners, or non- government or commercial activities, may affect the viability and independence of their determinations, especially as regards court processes.

5.4.3 OTHER UP FACILITIES, AND OTHER ACADEMIC PARTNERS

UP’s campuses across the country and their staff could be tapped to augment the capacity of more centralized forensic efforts in the sense of “satellite” facilities or “adjunct analysts”. A complex case in, say, Mindanao might have difficult timing criteria to meet as regards to court filings. Pre-identified “local talent” at a UP campus closer than UPLB or Diliman could be tapped to prepare and send samples or exemplars and, in some cases, perform the actual analysis, provide testimony, etc. This is being done now informally in a few cases; with institutions outside the UP system as well31. As the requirements of the courts increase (and are better understood outside the circle of prosecuting lawyers) and as the push for more effective prosecutions grows, this type of support would likely benefit of better documentation and regularization through delineated “chain of command” and clear relations (such as inclusion in an MOU) and processes with a primary lab. While doing these might limit the number of academic partners, their contributions and associations will be more formalized and robust.

5.4.4 OTHER POTENTIAL LINKAGES

The ASEAN Center for Biodiversity (ACB) as mentioned earlier is primarily an advisory, inter- governmental entity. In a quote from their official website32, ACB “… was established in 2005 as a dedicated regional centre of excellence on biodiversity to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use through policy support, networking, training, research, and database management…”

31 E.g., Ateneo de Manila University, who performs certain chemical tests in water pollution cases for NBI. 32 See information at https://environment.asean.org/awgncb/ and at https://aseanbiodiversity.org/about-acb/vision-mission-goals/

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Among their other initiatives, ACB is tasked with coordinating wildlife resource policies and international treaties and agreements: “The ACB supports ASEAN governments in the following areas that are of global and regional importance: agriculture and food security; access to, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits from biological and genetic resources; climate change and biodiversity conservation; ecotourism and biodiversity conservation; payment for ecosystems services scheme and valuation of biodiversity; wildlife enforcement; managing invasive alien species; peatland management and biodiversity; Global Taxonomic Initiative; support to the Programme of Work on Protected Areas; and managing biodiversity information and knowledge. These areas have been identified in the various global biodiversity-related agreements such as the CBD, CITES, Ramsar Convention and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.”

The task includes some responsibilities in the coordination of enforcement in ASEAN. While no direct role is foreseen for ACB’s involvement, it is quite likely that if a successful forensic lab program is in place, ACB would be a likely partner to support processes for appropriate communications and partnerships with allied enforcement and forensic efforts in ASEAN33, with governmental entities (such as the wildlife forensics lab at Kuala Lumpur) and academia (such as the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand). ACB could be an important source of support for regional cooperation – more effective transborder enforcement efforts and joint casework addressing the movement of illicit wildlife through Southeast Asia, and ultimately better conservation enforcement outcomes in the region.

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), located in Iloilo, Panay (Region 6), is another regional institution hosted by the Philippines that might have resources to bring to bear on the issue. SEAFDEC maintains large facilities with significant laboratory space and host experts on a wide range of topics that at first glance might not normally be associated with forensic techniques. When investigating a vessel grounding, for instance, and determining after-the-fact the timing and resultant damage to the coral reef, the usual proof involve eyewitnesses, or, when possible, the recovery of corroborating data from the vessel’s navigation system. A lesser-known but valid technique, common in the U.S. enforcement playbook, involves the identification of microalgae on the breaks in the coral34, which can narrow down the incident’s occurrence to certain windows of time. Subsequently, such

33 At the planning level; for operational matters, with active law enforcement-sensitive information, it would likely route, on a case-by-case basis, via foreign enforcement attaché officers or via mechanisms such as ASEANAPOL (see further information at http://www.aseanapol.org/). 34 Different species colonize the freshly broken coral at different times, e.g., within 24 hours, within 48 hours; analogous to the identification of various species of fly larvae to forensically establish time of death upon finding human or wildlife carcasses (in itself, also an underutilized forensic tool in the Philippines). BFAR and SEAFDEC, and secondarily some academic institutions, have such expertise available in the country.

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BOX 4. INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUE FOR FURTHERING CASES OF CONFISCATED CHAINSAWS

The chainsaws confiscated by PCSD might be properly photographed and an inquiry sent to the manufacturer. In a recent similar circumstance in another ASEAN country, seized chainsaws were shown to be “counterfeit” – i.e., branded with a well-known manufacturer’s name that do not produce the product in such a configuration. Once notified, the manufacturer – concerned about reputational damage if associated with illegal logging – turned this around, generating good publicity through its influence and support (monetary and otherwise) to the investigation in the country. A central lab would be the place to retain such institutional thinking, disseminate it as appropriate, and assist in the follow-up. Individual officers and field offices can only do so ad hoc, at best.

information is used to narrow down a search for witnesses or, in the course of interviews, to establish the veracity of affiants. SEAFDEC and BFAR have experts in algae taxonomy whose skills in this regard are underused.

SEAFDEC also has significant regional connections that might be leveraged to assist in the research and validation of new techniques, separate from actual case analyses, and in the extension and sharing of Philippine efforts and advances in ASEAN and further afield.

5.5 UNREMARKED GAPS

There are two important areas that could be addressed by a wildlife forensics lab, for which no real equivalent now exists in the Philippines, or anywhere outside the programs of the main international leaders in wildlife law enforcement. These objectives are hard to envision without long experience in growing criminal enforcement programs, yet would provide a rapid dose of enhancement to both the sometime anemic or still-born investigations in the field and to the development of forensic methods and solutions specifically important to the Philippines. These two areas are cross-cutting objectives that speak directly to long-term sustainability and efficacy and that are best led by a unitary lab. Current efforts are inadequate, on ad hoc basis and not sustainable.

First is the wildlife forensics lab as a “knowledge repository” or center of excellence for the organization and dissemination of techniques and learning that can be passed on to field enforcers. As a central “chokepoint” for seeing the uses, successes or shortcomings of various techniques and analyses with respect to different investigations and agencies from across the country, a forensics lab – particularly a central, unitary facility - would have a unique vantage point. Such a lab would be the lead candidate to recommend one or another effective test or technique to field investigators, as does NFWFL in the U.S., or to suggest and, when appropriate, coach and support further inquiries into new leads (see Box 4).

The lab would also be ideally set to lead training activities for field investigators. This would address a critical gap observed in the Philippines, and noted by the conference delegates: the need to ensure field enforcement personnel are aware of the different forensic tools available. The training should include the “when and how” to use these tools: field skills for identifying, collecting, sampling, and transmitting

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evidence for analysis; and selecting the tool to use. Currently, few personnel are so aware and, with the best intentions, supervisors fall prey to a version of the “CSI effect”: they order up tests, whether effective or not, to at least show something scientific was done (“Send it in for DNA!”) and underscore the importance of the matter at hand.

Second is the wildlife forensics lab as a facility and an authority to perform research into new types of forensic procedures or validate existing ones within the parameters of accreditation requirements3536 (while accreditation criteria generally preclude research, this is a useful exception). This can serve to ensure acceptance of tests or procedures in legal settings, to disseminate information about analytical tools within the professional community, and to develop new tools compliant with the requirements of the courts and accreditation agencies. Even if it is unable to perform the research, such a lab would provide an authoritative voice to articulate and request such efforts.37

These two roles by a wildlife forensic lab would serve as a catalytic point way for potential partners – whether government, academic or private sector - in the Philippines and elsewhere to step up and lend their skills to assist counter-wildlife trafficking38 in other ways.

35 Such an objective seems to be closely aligned with the mission of the DOST. Considering this, and the fact that they are already being preferentially drawn in by NBI for forensic casework support, it is critical to include them in these plans. 36 This capacity might well be a mechanism to support the development of the long-sought-after cyanide field test. 37 Two examples of forensic research papers from NFWFL can be found here: regarding eagle identification, https://www.fwspubs.org/doi/pdf/10.3996/042017-JFWM-035; on hair identification, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250221961_Forensic_identification_of_elephant_and_giraffe_hair_artifacts_using_HA TR_FTIR_spectroscopy_and_discriminant_analysis. 38 The STTA met with a post-graduate biochemistry researcher from Taiwan in 2017 who was concerned about illicit trade in whale meat and had devised a chemical test, similar in method and form to a home pregnancy test strip (it provides a binary yes-or-no response), which could detect meat from cetaceans, sirenians and pinnipeds without discerning between those. The researcher had partnered with a locally-based pharmaceutical company who manufactures such types of home test kits, which in turn volunteered to test and produce kits gratis for use by border authorities looking to distinguish illegal marine mammal meat from other meats. With world-class biochemists and a strong pharma industry base, the Philippines should be able to replicate that kind of work.

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Figure 1. Overview of a Standard Menu for a Wildlife Forensics Laboratory

Refer to Appendix D for full version.

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6 OPTIONS FOR PROPOSED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE UNDER FORENSICS DEVELOPMENT PLAN

This section presents three options that are available in addressing the question of a Philippine wildlife forensics crime lab and the greater goal of enhancing counter-wildlife trafficking in the country.

6.1 ALTERNATIVE 1: A UNITARY WILDLIFE FORENSICS LABORATORY

This option represents a single provider, potentially with satellite facilities or limited contract providers, to service the forensic needs of the various law enforcement partners (see Figure 2).

6.1.1 ADVANTAGES

This option best achieves the goal of addressing the needs and solutions identified by the end-users, i.e., the coordination and logistics involved in selecting and coordinating multiple tasks in a manner best suited to effective presentation before the courts. It removes much of the burden of responsibility to a jointly-operated facility, which would be in a better position to plan for needs and changes, manage budgets and priorities, be responsive to courts and Congress, and better serve partnerships which leverage funding or expertise. The joint management model provides a way of ensuring credit for successes while relieving some of the responsibilities for failures.

6.1.2 DISADVANTAGES

The primary disadvantage of a unitary wildlife forensics lab is the seeming loss of control by technical agencies who would defer in this regard to an independent lab (however, this is actually addressed by the proposed management structure of the lab, i.e., a Director/Secretariat with a Management Board, or other similar arrangement).

6.1.3 POLICY

This option is clearly compliant with the policy directives currently in place, including statutory, executive or ancillary (as previously described). It is also more readily adaptable to any future changes in policy and prioritization. It is also consistent with external drivers, such as the kinds of policies and priorities associated with treaty obligations (e.g., CITES).

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Figure 2. Unitary Wildlife Forensics Laboratory

The lab would have a Director (or Secretariat) that is necessarily impartial to the issues of individual agency regulatory imperatives, responsibilities, etc.; in effect, a chief operation officer overseeing the various members and associates and a Managing Board. The members and associates could be categorized as follows.

• 1st Tier Partners, likely composed of agencies with a core relationship to inputs and outputs from the lab (e.g., DENR, BFAR, PCSD, NBI, perhaps PNP). • 2nd Tier Partners, likely NALECC members who have a direct interest in the lab, but less frequent or primary (e.g., PCG, NICA, EMB, etc.; PNP here if not Tier 1). • Non-voting Associates, who have important contributions/inputs to the lab, and/or infrequent needs of or interactions with the lab (e.g., academia, projects or NGOs, etc.). • Managing Board, with voting authorities, could be composed of the permanent 1st Tier Partners and an equal number of 2nd Tier Partners selected on a rotating basis.

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6.1.4 INFRASTRUCTURE

A unitary wildlife forensics lab would require some investment in infrastructure, though this can be minimized by selecting a location which is adaptable to the purpose and preferably one owned by (and can be volunteered by) one of the NALECC partners. This will reduce the cost and time of construction, and provides for a more sustainable long-term strategy through the direct ownership and responsibility of a “host” partner and the ensuing linked relationship and responsibilities of “guest” partners.

6.1.5 LOGISTICS This option will improve logistical requirements for forensic services including in comparison to current practice. A unitary lab would allow for streamlined contracting for shipping, transport, etc. allowing for better budgeting and cost savings – and more responsiveness to prosecutorial and judicial requests.

6.1.6 PROTOCOLS AND SYSTEMS

Only one set of new protocols and systems will be required for a central lab that will govern its internal structure and its relationships and responsibilities with partner agencies.

6.1.7 TRAINING, SKILLS AND CAPACITY OF WILDLIFE FORENSICS STAFF

This option would lead to improvements in the frequency, quality, variety, and sustainability of training as well as address a wider user audience.

6.2 ALTERNATIVE 2: A LINKED NETWORK OF LABORATORIES AND SKILLS

This option calls for the role and duties of a forensic lab to be apportioned across different agencies, facilities and authorities. It is essentially an updated version of the current status quo: a more developed and formalized network of providers to serve the forensic analytic needs of the various law enforcement partners (see Figure 3).

6.2.1 ADVANTAGES

This option continues to allow the independence of different agencies with respect to forensic services, and require little effort towards cooperation other than some additional policy pronouncements.

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Figure 3. Networked Provision of Forensic Science Services

Arrows show lines of communication, flow of evidence, etc. covered with separate MOUs, funding, etc.

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6.2.2 DISADVANTAGES

A linked network of laboratories does not adequately provide the kind of prioritization and focus needed to ensure the robust provision of forensic services to the field and in a manner supporting more and better prosecutions. Where there have been shortcomings and problems, these have mostly been associated with failures in the logistics and legal coordination involved in investigations with multiple tasks and/or agencies.

Despite well-intentioned efforts to address the disadvantage through additional policy statements, MOUs, MOAs, directives, etc., it is unlikely that these efforts will address the deficiencies substantively. It is also unlikely that any resulting framework and/or timing parameters would change enough to properly support the most important and demanding types of cases that need to be pursued: high- profile, international, corruption, etc.

6.2.3 POLICY

This option appears to be compliant with recent policy changes directing the creation and use of a wildlife forensic lab in several agencies, but not in others – notably, including the statutory and procedural mandates of NBI, a primary investigative partner.

6.2.4 INFRASTRUCTURE

This option does not require any major changes in infrastructure. However, growing shortfalls in space and field capacity will continue to put pressure on what little infrastructure exists to support wildlife forensics.

6.2.5 LOGISTICS

This option would not require any changes to logistics but would still require expenditures for the same (e.g., shipping methods and costs, storage and disposal, etc.), and would react to ever-growing needs and requests on an ad hoc basis. This option also exposes case integrity and evidence to increased risks of loss or compromise while transporting from one lab or facility to another.

6.2.6 PROTOCOLS AND SYSTEMS

This option would require revisions to existing agreements and contractual obligations to ensure that issues mandated by the courts are addressed in a responsive and timely manner across multiple chains of command.

6.2.7 TRAINING, SKILLS AND CAPACITY OF WILDLIFE FORENSICS STAFF

A linked network of laboratories could support some enhancement of skills and capacity for wildlife forensics staff at various agencies, but is unlikely to address the development of common standards (e.g.,

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for reporting, documentation, etc.). Neither does this option make effective use of existing capacity with an articulate, joint vision.

6.3 ALTERNATIVE 3: NO ACTION

This option represents a continuation of the status quo (see Figure 4).

Figure 4. Status Quo of the Provision of Forensic Science Services

Lines show ad hoc relations between users, providers, etc.

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6.3.1 ADVANTAGES This option is the easiest, requiring few inputs or efforts.

6.3.2 DISADVANTAGES

Continuing with the status quo is not responsive to a rising demand for improved enforcement outcomes and court cases, and to obligations to the citizenry or Philippine government partners such as treaty partners. In addition, while this option requires no changes in funding, it may, through lack of improvements and effectiveness, risk reductions in current budgets that were intended to increase, and not stabilize, counter-wildlife trafficking and enforcement efforts. There is an expectation therefore of significant budget, political, reputational, and other costs.

6.3.3 POLICY

This option does not appear to be compliant with proposed policy changes directing the creation and use of a wildlife forensic lab in several agencies.

6.3.4 INFRASTRUCTURE

This option requires no changes in infrastructure.

6.3.5 LOGISTICS

Continuing with the status quo will still require expenditures for logistics (e.g., clearing out of stockpiles, disposal of unnecessary evidence, etc.), however, with far lower probability of any return on investment.

6.3.6 PROTOCOLS AND SYSTEMS

This option requires no change in protocols and systems. However, as the assessment identifies deficiencies and shortcomings in protocols and systems vis à vis wildlife forensics and improved wildlife enforcement, these deficiencies will continue to be unabated.

6.3.7 TRAINING, SKILLS AND CAPACITY OF WILDLIFE FORENSICS STAFF

Continuing with the status quo requires no changes to training, skills and capacity of wildlife forensic staff, but would herald a degradation of forensic skills, due in part to the reinforcement of current inadequate knowledge, practices and performance.

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6.4 INTERIM MECHANISMS

In the period leading up to any implementation of one or another option, the number and variety of interim mechanisms is open-ended. These will depend primarily on the level of commitment to and support for improved enforcement (i.e., court) outcomes. Interim mechanisms include new or improved inter-agency MOUs or certain bureaucratic processes (e.g., establishment of budget line items towards forensics). Any of these mechanisms are still needed components of any of the options and would need to be devised with some continuity, using principles of adaptive management. Any interim steps, however, should be enacted with a “sunset clause”, thus ensuring momentum towards agreed upon objectives.

Regardless of whether Alternatives 1 or 2 were to be chosen39, the funding for the same would eventually need to be regularized. A given user-agency will need to budget for expenses incurred by the costs of forensic support for their investigations, whether the funds are sent to a single unitary lab or ad hoc to different components of a network. Such costs should be budgeted to at least include travel of technicians and witnesses and costs of reagents and shipping40. It is probably best to institutionalize such thinking now, in line with any plan devised by the TWG, in a way that is easily transferable to whichever option were eventually to be chosen.

6.5 RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the guidance and expectations of the NALECC-SCENR and of the attending agencies to the Cebu conference, the draft action plan, the additional information developed in smaller meetings, and the efforts and conclusions of previous efforts, it appears that Alternative 1 (the unitary lab) is the preferred option.

A unitary wildlife forensic lab meets the greatest number of objectives set by the stakeholders; and given the legal criteria in play, has the greatest probability of sustainability and success. It also provides for the most streamlined and effective:

• use of available resources; • menu of services available and expertise in selection; • lines of communication from case investigator to analytic services; • lines of communication from the prosecutors and courts to analyses, affiants and witnesses; • parameters to ensure continuity of operations and to assure standards and practices;

39 Option #3 being the “no-action” option and wouldn’t require additional funding or this step. 40 Other inputs to discuss might include some annual amount towards an appropriate proportion of the operating overhead for a unitary lab (Option #1), or sufficient to cover payment of anticipated user fees, defraying overhead costs of several component network providers (Option #2).

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• way for outside support or partnerships to be directed towards the support of Philippine wildlife crime forensics and to counter-wildlife trafficking efforts; and • way to promote sustainable management and accounting for the provision of forensic services.

A unitary wildlife forensic lab would address on-going concerns of the courts, such as impartiality of reporting through separation from regulatory and research functions, while providing a centrally identifiable and responsible authority. It is directly responsive to the needs of NBI, who is the core investigative service at nearly every major, high-priority investigation. It is also compatible with the needs of the kinds of high-priority, transnational, criminal wildlife trafficking investigations that involve cooperative efforts with NBI and foreign enforcement partners (e.g., Interpol, ASEANAPOL, USFWS- OLE, CITES, etc.). Many of these cases are not being pursued or are ineffective; hence, these are rarely in the view of decision-makers, even though these are precisely the kinds of cases that all parties agree need to be enhanced in the effort to better combat wildlife trafficking.

By addressing the legal parameters – accountability, standardization, reporting, accreditation, etc. – most every core requirement and objective will be well served, and more effectively than with the other two alternatives, by the unitary wildlife forensic lab. It will better allow available Philippine resources to interface, cooperate and innovate. Such a sustainable model encourages success in a timely manner: internally amongst Philippine agencies (as users in time-sensitive investigations and court cases) and externally with international partners in transborder investigations. The unitary wildlife forensic lab will provide the best hope for sustainable and cost-effective long-term operations, and the requisite coordination and accountability for the requisite technical and budgetary support.

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APPENDIX D.1

DRAFT ACTION PLAN

GOAL: To raise the Philippine government’s capability on wildlife forensics to deter illegal wildlife trade and IUU fishing

OTHER POTENTIAL OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIME FRAME LEAD PARTNERS PARTNERS 1. By 2024, to have an established ADB, British Embassy,

and operationalized national INL wildlife forensics laboratory To create an inter-agency that will support efforts to Technical Working Group on DENR, BFAR, PBC, Q4, 2019 combat Illegal Wildlife Trade wildlife forensics through PCSDS Protect Wildlife and Illegal, Unregulated and NALECC- SCENR Unreported Fishing To assess existing capabilities of DENR, BFAR, PBC, law enforcement facilities and Q1-Q3, 2020 PCSDS Protect Wildlife partners To conduct inventory and curate PCSDS, DENR (properly preserve and organize) 2019 and continuing; PBC, (BMB, ERDB & the existing wildlife specimen PCSDS - ongoing Protect Wildlife FMB), BFAR (e.g., Palawan) To conduct inventory and consolidate information on PCSDS, DENR PBC, existing reference collection from Q1 2020 and beyond (BMB, ERDB & Protect Wildlife DENR and partner institutions FMB), BFAR related to wildlife forensics To facilitate the issuance of a BMB; EO c/o OP; policy leading to the Amendment to PBC, institutionalization of the wildlife 2019-2022 ADB Wildlife Act c/o Protect Wildlife forensics laboratory (i.e., Sato amendment to Wildlife Act, EO)

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OTHER POTENTIAL OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIME FRAME LEAD PARTNERS PARTNERS To facilitate and support the creation of the TWG, as TWG is after the DENR, DA and appropriate, that will ensure PBC policy (2022-2024) PCSDS implementation of the policy establishing the laboratory 2. By 2024, to have developed To conduct training of wildlife the capability (knowledge, skills forensics and criminal and attitude) of at least 50% of investigation; include curriculum PBC, PBC, Protect Wildlife, Continuing DENR the concerned law development (include PNP, NBI Protect Wildlife include PPSC enforcement units in the and other NALECC-SCENR utilization of wildlife forensics members) evidence for cases To conduct training on marine CSI/underwater CSI; include Continuing BFAR INL and PBC INL curriculum development (include PNP and NBI as participants) To conduct of site visits/cross visits (include in training course); Continuing BFAR and DENR INL and PBC see above To incorporate Environmental Laws in the POI/STP of competency trainings for PBC, investigators, and to develop a Q1 And Q2, 2020 PNP Protect Wildlife Program of Instruction/ Standard Training Program on Wildlife Investigation Specialized Course 3. To integrate wildlife forensics To ensure inclusion of wildlife in law enforcement, forensics in the proposed Same as above BMB Protect Wildlife prosecution and judicial amendment to the Wildlife Act practices Inclusion of wildlife forensics in the training program of Q2, 2020, continuing NPS, Philja PBC prosecutors and judges 4. To educate the local To conduct CEPA on Wildlife PCSDS, BFAR and Protect Wildlife and Continuing British Embassy community on Wildlife Act Act in local communities DENR ADB 5. To facilitate the To work for the amendment of ADB and Protect Same as above institutionalization of wildlife the Wildlife Act Wildlife

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OTHER POTENTIAL OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES TIME FRAME LEAD PARTNERS PARTNERS forensics laboratory through To facilitate the issuance of a policy or legislative action policy leading to the ADB and Protect 2025 BMB institutionalization of the wildlife Wildlife forensics laboratory 6. By 2026, to have conducted an assessment for the need to establish and operationalize Creation of TWG 2026 DENR USAID wildlife forensics laboratory in other parts of the county

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APPENDIX D.2

TABLE OF WILDLIFE FORENSICS CAPACITIES

TYPE SUB-TYPE PRIMARY SECONDARY Stable isotope analysis N/A Chemical Toxicology Limited Specific chemical identification (biological) N/A Genetic Barcoding UP-IB Genomic UP-Diliman Morphology BMB, BFAR, DENR, UPLB National Museum Necropsy (including flora) BMB, BFAR, DENR, UPLB Veterinary Veterinary Health (including flora) BMB, BFAR, DENR, UPLB BAI, BPI Ballistics PNP, NBI Explosives PNP, NBI Fingerprinting PNP, NBI Criminalistics Evidentiary photography PNP, NBI Photogrammetry UP Specific chemical identification (inorganic) NBI [limited] EMB Digital analyses NBI, PNP

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APPENDIX D.3

BASIC TECHNICAL FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES OF A MODEL WILDLIFE FORENSICS LABORATORY

TECHNICAL FUNCTIONS

Morphology: Use of physical features in comparison to known standards to establish identification

Current contributors: BMB, FMB, BFAR, PCSD, UP system, DOST, National Museum; potentially other academic institutions

Staff Qualification Additional Equipment 1 each specializing in Access to validated Morphologist [5] PhD Plant, Mammal, Bird, collection [e.g., UPLB] Reptile, Fish

Veterinary: Includes necropsies and cause-of-death determinations, pathology and parasite identifications, and health and disease checks specimens of fauna, and non-veterinary such as for flora.

Current contributors: BMB, FMB, BFAR; potentially BAI and/or BPI

Staff Qualification Additional Equipment Should cover all orders Veterinarian [2] DVM of creatures, at least Veterinary lab Veterinary technician [3] TBD secondarily

Chemistry: Includes toxicology determinations and evidentiary analyses based on chemical attributes such as stable isotope analysis, carbon-dating, etc.

Current contributors: PNP, DOST, BFAR: potentially UP system, EMB

Staff Qualification Additional Equipment Chemist [2] PhD Skilled with gas and laboratory, plus Lab technician [2] graduate student liquid chromatography chromatography

Genetics: Includes barcoding techniques and other analyses such as relational. Example: “Is this the legally bred offspring of permitted wildlife or a laundered wild specimen?”

Current contributors: UP system, including UP-IB and UP Genomics Institute

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Staff Qualification Additional Equipment Geneticist [2] PhD

Genetics technician [2] BS

Criminalistics: Includes fingerprinting, ballistics, explosives, track and trace analysis, questioned documents, crime scene photography, photogrammetry, etc.

Current contributors: PNP, NBI

Staff Qualification Additional Equipment Crime scene management, ballistics, Criminologist [2] MS Spectral analysis document analysis, Criminologist technician [2] BS scanner, x-ray, weapon identification, Photographer [1] BFA technical cameras and forensics photography

Digital: Includes file and data recovery from computers, storage media, equipment; specific emitter analysis; and digital tracking of communications, marked or microchipped evidence, etc.

Current contributors: NBI, PNP; potentially other NALECC members

Staff Qualification Additional Equipment 1 each specializing in Independent in-house Computer analytics mobile devices, P2P, server, digital analysis MS specialist [4] distributed networks, equipment, room with network architecture Faraday cage

Training and Innovation: Training of and advice to field users of lab services; and innovation or validation of new techniques. Example: a lab could advise on the photography, tests and information needed to pursue further inquiries into evidentiary leads.

Current contributors: Ad hoc

Staff Qualification Additional Equipment Also responsible for Publishing software, Technical writer [1] MA/MS production of commercial grade Statistician [1] MS courtroom printing. presentation materials

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MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

Administrative and Budget

• Human Resources: Current contributions agency by agency • Budget and Purchasing: Current contributions agency by agency • Safety: Current contributions agency by agency • Information Technology: Not currently applicable

Legal Processes

• Standards and Accreditation: Not currently applicable • Security: Current efforts agency by agency • Records and Chain of Custody: Current efforts agency by agency • Reporting and Publishing: Current efforts agency by agency

Staff Qualification Additional Equipment Director PhD or JD Deputy Director JD or PhD HR Manager MA Budget Administrator CPA [or similar] Office manager BA CIO MS Technical Writer MS Physical Security [2] ex-PNP Archivist MS Records Manager [2] BS External Affairs Specialist BA

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ANNEX E

PROTECT WILDLIFE COMMODITY INVENTORY LISTING (as of June 30, 2020)

ANNUAL REPORT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY IN CONTRACTOR’S CUSTODY DAI Global LLC, USAID/Philippines Protect Wildlife as of June 30, 2020

Furniture and Other Non- Motor furnishings expendable Vehicles Office Living Quarters Property A. Value of Property as of last report. $185,277.64 $5,679.70 NA $221,413.23 B. Transactions during the reporting

period. 1. Acquisitions (add): a. Purchased by contractor 1/ NA NA NA $116,883.39 b. Transferred from USAID 2/ NA NA NA NA c. Transferred from others- NA NA NA NA Without reimbursement 3/ 2. Disposals (deduct): a. Returned to USAID NA NA NA NA b. Transferred to USAID- NA NA NA NA Contractor Purchased c. Transferred to other NA NA NA NA Government Agency 3/ d. Other disposal 3/ NA NA NA NA C. Value of property as of reporting $185,277.64 $5,679.70 NA $338,296.62 date. D. Estimated average age of 8.4 Years 2.8 Years NA 2.6 Years contractor held property

I attest that (1) physical inventories of Government property are taken not less frequently than annually; (2) the accountability records maintained for Government property in our possession are in agreement with such inventories; and (3) the total of the detailed accountability records maintained agrees with the property value shown opposite line C above, and the estimated average age of each category of property is as cited opposite line D above.

______Rebecca Paz, Chief of Party, Philippines Protect Wildlife July 30, 2020

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 | 229

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 1 PW-O-PH-16-001 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 63,317.84 1,350.00 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 30-Jun-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

2 PW-O-PH-16-002 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 63,317.84 1,350.00 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 30-Jun-16 Working - Palayan equipment/Laptop

3 PW-O-PH-16-003 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 63,317.84 1,350.00 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 30-Jun-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

4 PW-O-PH-16-004 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 63,317.84 1,350.00 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 30-Jun-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

5 PW-O-PH-16-005 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 63,317.84 1,350.00 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 30-Jun-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

6 PW-O-PH-16-006 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 63,317.84 1,350.00 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 30-Jun-16 Working - General Santos equipment/Laptop

7 PW-O-PH-16-007 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 63,317.84 1,350.00 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 30-Jun-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

8 PW-O-PH-16-008 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 63,317.84 1,350.00 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 30-Jun-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

9 PW-O-PH-16-009 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

10 PW-O-PH-16-010 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Zamboanga equipment/Laptop

11 PW-O-PH-16-011 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - General Santos equipment/Laptop

12 PW-O-PH-16-012 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer equipment No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 17-Nov-16 Working Manila 13 PW-O-PH-16-013 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

14 PW-O-PH-16-014 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - Tawi-Tawi equipment/Laptop

15 PW-O-PH-16-015 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

16 PW-O-PH-16-016 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - General Santos equipment/Laptop

17 PW-O-PH-16-017 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

18 PW-O-PH-16-018 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

19 PW-O-PH-16-019 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

20 PW-O-PH-16-020 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

21 PW-O-PH-16-021 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

230 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 22 PW-O-PH-16-022 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Zamboanga equipment/Laptop

23 PW-O-PH-16-023 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

24 PW-O-PH-16-024 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

25 PW-O-PH-16-025 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.32 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 16-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

26 PW-O-PH-16-026 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

27 PW-O-PH-16-027 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

28 PW-O-PH-16-028 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Laptop

29 PW-O-PH-16-029 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

30 PW-O-PH-16-030 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - General Santos equipment/Laptop

31 PW-O-PH-16-031 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Laptop

32 PW-O-PH-16-032 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Laptop

33 PW-O-PH-16-033 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Zamboanga equipment/Laptop

34 PW-O-PH-16-034 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Zamboanga equipment/Laptop

35 PW-O-PH-16-035 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

36 PW-O-PH-16-036 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Laptop

37 PW-O-PH-16-037 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

38 PW-O-PH-16-038 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

39 PW-O-PH-16-039 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

40 PW-O-PH-16-040 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Laptop

41 PW-O-PH-16-041 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.23 1 Advanced Solutions 17-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 | 231

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 42 PW-O-PH-16-042 HP ELitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 70,350.00 1,455.32 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 16-Nov-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Laptop

43 PW-O-PH-16-043 HP Desktop Mini 800 G2 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 52,650.00 1,069.71 1 Advanced Solutions 1-Dec-16 Working Manila equipment/Desktop

44 PW-O-PH-16-045 HP Desktop Mini 800 G2 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 52,650.00 1,069.71 1 Advanced Solutions 1-Dec-16 Working Manila equipment/Desktop

45 PW-O-PH-16-046 HP Desktop Mini 800 G2 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 52,650.00 1,069.69 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 30-Nov-16 Working - General Santos equipment/Other

46 PW-O-PH-16-047 HP Desktop Mini 800 G2 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 52,650.00 1,069.71 1 Advanced Solutions 1-Dec-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Desktop

47 PW-O-PH-16-048 HP Desktop Mini 800 G2 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 52,650.00 1,069.71 1 Advanced Solutions 1-Dec-16 Working Zamboanga equipment/Desktop

48 PW-O-PH-16-049 HP Desktop Mini 800 G2 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 52,650.00 1,069.71 1 Advanced Solutions 1-Dec-16 Working Zamboanga equipment/Desktop

49 PW-O-PH-16-0718 Zbook Studio G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 97,961.70 2,084.46 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP - 8-Jul-16 Working Manila equipment/Laptop 6986

50 PW-O-PH-16-089 Meraki MX65W-HW Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 135,743.82 2,888.40 1 Core BTS Inc. Working Zamboanga equipment/Firewall

51 PW-O-PH-16-090 SoundStation IP 7000 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Phone - No 55,000.00 1,117.45 1 Imax Technologies Inc 30-Nov-16 Working Conference Phone Manila Desk 52 PW-O-PH-16-091 SoundStation IP 7000 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Phone - No 55,000.00 1,117.45 1 Imax Technologies Inc 30-Nov-16 Working Conference Phone - Palawan Desk 53 PW-O-PH-16-097 HP Elitedesk E232 Desktop Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 19,600.00 398.22 1 Advanced Solutions Working - Palawan equipment/Desktop

54 PW-O-PH-16-099 HP Elitedesk E232 Monitor Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 59,000.00 1,198.72 1 Advanced Solutions 2-Dec-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Monitor - Desktop

55 PW-O-PH-16-102 Fujitsu Scanner Scansnap Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 30,530.00 631.53 1 Advanced Solutions 22-Oct-16 Not Working/Repairable IX500 Manila equipment/Printer

56 PW-O-PH-16-107 LG 49' Commercial TV Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 29,500.00 610.22 1 Imax Technologies Inc 15-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Monitor - Wall Mounted

57 PW-O-PH-16-126 Server Rack - HP 14U Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 71,700.00 1,447.90 1 Imax Technologies Inc 29-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Server

58 PW-O-PH-16-130 HP Laserjet Enterprise MFP Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 260,630.00 5,391.27 1 Advanced Solutions 22-Oct-16 Working M725f Manila equipment/Printer

59 PW-O-PH-16-131 HP Color LaserJet MFP M577 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 114,950.00 2,335.48 1 Advanced Solutions 2-Dec-16 Working Manila equipment/Printer

60 PW-O-PH-16-132 HP Laserjet Pro 400 Color Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 48,950.00 1,012.56 1 Advanced Solutions 19-Oct-16 Working MFP M477fdw Manila equipment/Printer

232 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 61 PW-O-PH-16-134 HP Laserjet MFP M527f Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 134,740.00 2,737.56 1 Advanced Solutions 19-Oct-16 Working - Palawan equipment/Printer

62 PW-O-PH-16-135 HP Laserjet Pro 400 Color Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 48,950.00 1,012.56 1 Advanced Solutions 19-Oct-16 Working MFP M477fdw - Palawan equipment/Printer

63 PW-O-PH-16-136 HP Laserjet MFP M527f Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 134,740.00 2,787.17 1 Advanced Solutions 19-Oct-16 Working Zamboanga equipment/Printer

64 PW-O-PH-16-137 Meraki MR32-HW Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 43,281.39 926.84 1 Core BTS Inc. 19-Jul-16 Working Manila equipment/Network - Wireless Access Point

65 PW-O-PH-16-138 Meraki MR32-HW Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 43,281.39 926.84 1 Core BTS Inc. 19-Jul-16 Working Manila equipment/Network - Wireless Access Point

66 PW-O-PH-16-140 Cisco Small Business 28PP 28- Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 25,208.76 536.40 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP - 7/8/2016 Working Port Manila equipment/Other 6986

67 PW-O-PH-16-141 Cisco Small Business 28PP 28- Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 25,208.76 536.40 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP. 7/8/2016 Working Port Manila equipment/Network - Switch

68 PW-O-PH-16-144 Meraki MX84-HW Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 162,508.34 3,480.00 1 Core BTS Inc. 7/19/2016 Working Manila equipment/Firewall

69 PW-O-PH-16-145 Meraki MX65W-HW Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 134,881.93 2,888.40 1 Core BTS Inc. Working - Palawan equipment/Firewall

70 PW-O-PH-16-146 Cisco Meraki MX65W Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 105,348.11 1,970.00 1 DAI HOME OFFICE Working Manila equipment/Firewall

71 PW-O-PH-16-147 Server UPS Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 39,500.00 802.54 1 Imax Technologies Inc 30-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/UPS 72 PW-O-PH-16-149 HP Proliant Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 88,159.23 1,875.88 1 DAI HOME OFFICE Working Manila equipment/Server

73 PW-O-PH-16-173 Meraki MX65W-HW Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 134,863.25 2,888.00 1 Core BTS Inc. Working Manila equipment/Firewall

74 PW-O-PH-16-176 Video Conference System Kit Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 52,000.00 1,075.65 1 Imax Technologies Inc 15-Nov-16 Working Manila equipment/Other

75 PW-O-PH-16-191 Meraki MX65W-HW Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 134,881.93 2,888.40 1 Core BTS Inc. Working Manila equipment/Firewall

76 PW-O-PH-16-298 Conference Table 12-Seater Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Furniture/Table No 36,000.00 744.68 1 UNICOM Office Designs 17-Nov-16 Working Manila 77 PW-O-PH-16-433 Ford Everest LGS 331 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Vehicle/Car No 1,200,000.00 27,848.69 1 Donated by ENGAGE 1-Jul-13 Working Manila 78 PW-O-PH-16-434 Ford Everest LFU 604 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Vehicle/Car No 550,000.00 12,737.38 1 Donated by ENGAGE 1-Dec-17 Working - General Santos

79 PW-O-PH-16-435 Toyota Hilux AAH 3651 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Vehicle/Car No 1,072,400.00 23,910.81 1 Donated by ENGAGE 10-Dec-14 Working Zamboanga 80 PW-O-PH-16-436 Toyota Hilux AAH 3281 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Vehicle/Car No 1,072,400.00 21,426.57 1 Donated by ENGAGE 10-Dec-14 Working - Palawan

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 | 233

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 81 PW-O-PH-16-437 Polycom Soundstation IP 7000 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Phone - No 34,529.14 775.11 1 Donated by ENGAGE 14-Mar-14 Working Conference Phone Zamboanga Desk

82 PW-O-PH-16-438 VOIP Porttech 2 Channels Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 28,721.49 644.74 1 DAI HOME OFFICE 14-Mar-14 Working Zamboanga equipment/GSM Gateway 83 PW-O-PH-16-439 HP LaserJet Enterprise 700 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 212,414.18 4,913.31 1 DAI HOME OFFICE 6-Nov-13 Working MFP Zamboanga equipment/Printer

84 PW-O-PH-16-440 Security Appliance Sonicwall Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 41,041.61 921.30 1 DAI HOME OFFICE 14-Mar-14 Working Wireless Zamboanga equipment/Firewall

85 PW-O-PH-16-441 Security Appliance Sonicwall Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 41,028.25 921.00 1 DAI HOME OFFICE 14-Mar-14 Working TZ215 - Palawan equipment/Firewall

86 PW-O-PH-16-442 Satellite Phone Thuraya XT Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Phone - No 35,610.25 744.17 1 Donated by ENGAGE 27-Jan-16 Working - Tawi-Tawi Mobile

87 PW-O-PH-16-443 Satellite Phone Thuraya XT Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Phone - No 35,610.25 744.17 1 Donated by ENGAGE 27-Jan-16 Working Manila Mobile

88 PW-O-PH-16-444 Satellite Phone Thuraya Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 44,576.07 996.67 1 Donated by ENGAGE 28-Oct-14 Working SatSleeve - Palawan 89 PW-O-PH-16-445 Satellite Phone Thuraya XT Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 35,610.25 744.17 1 Donated by ENGAGE Working - General Santos

90 PW-O-PH-16-446 Satellite Phone Thuraya Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Phone - No 44,576.07 996.67 1 Donated by ENGAGE 28-Oct-14 Working SatSleeve - Palawan Mobile

91 PW-O-PH-16-447 Satellite Phone Thuraya XT Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Phone - No 35,610.25 744.17 1 Donated by ENGAGE Working - General Santos Mobile

92 PW-O-PH-16-471 Aircondition Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 35,714.30 725.62 1 Josol Marketing 9-Dec-16 Working - Palawan 93 PW-O-PH-16-472 Aircondition Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 35,714.30 725.62 1 Josol Marketing 9-Dec-16 Working - Palawan 94 PW-O-PH-16-511 Aircondition 1.5 HP Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 25,672.32 531.05 1 EMCOR Nunez 9/15/2016 Working Zamboanga 95 PW-O-PH-16-512 Aircondition 2.0 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 32,600.89 679.19 1 EMCOR Nunez 9/15/2016 Working Zamboanga 96 PW-O-PH-17-044 HP Desktop Mini 800 G2 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 52,650.00 1,065.79 1 Advanced Solutions 25-Jan-17 Working - Palayan equipment/Desktop

97 PW-O-PH-17-187 Garmin Oregon 650 GPS with Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Electronics No 26,696.43 537.15 1 Garmin Center – Nauts And 25-Feb-17 Working Camera - Palawan - GPS Vectors Company, Inc.

98 PW-O-PH-17-188 Garmin Oregon 650 GPS with Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Electronics No 26,696.43 537.15 1 Garmin Center – Nauts And 25-Feb-17 Working Camera - Palawan - GPS Vectors Company, Inc.

99 PW-O-PH-17-189 Garmin Oregon 650 GPS with Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 26,696.43 537.15 1 Garmin Center – Nauts And 25-Feb-17 Working Camera Zamboanga - GPS Vectors Company, Inc.

100 PW-O-PH-17-190 Garmin Oregon 650 GPS with Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 26,696.43 537.15 1 Garmin Center – Nauts And 25-Feb-17 Working Camera Zamboanga - GPS Vectors Company, Inc.

234 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 101 PW-O-PH-17-515 Nikon D7200 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 51,899.00 1,036.94 1 Henry's Professional 20-Apr-17 Working Manila - Camera Photomarketing Inc

102 PW-O-PH-17-516 Nikon D5500 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 30,899.00 617.36 1 Henry's Professional 20-Apr-17 Working Manila - Camera Photomarketing Inc

103 PW-O-PH-17-518 Nissan Frontier Pick-Up Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Vehicle/Car No 1,014,404.38 23,140.00 1 Donated by SECURE 12-Aug-14 Working (Glacier White) - Palawan 104 PW-O-PH-17-519 Nissan Frontier Pick-Up Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Vehicle/Car No 1,014,404.38 23,140.00 1 Donated by SECURE 12-Aug-14 Working (Brilliant Silver) Zamboanga 105 PW-O-PH-17-543 Combi Blinds Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Furniture/Other No 75,123.00 1,465.53 1 Rav & JohnRay Marketing 3-Nov-17 Working - Palayan 106 PW-O-PH-17-607 HP Laserjet Printer MFP Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 101,460.13 2,009.80 1 Phil-Data Business Systems, Inc Working M527f - General Santos equipment/Printer

107 PW-O-PH-17-608 HP Laserjet Pro Color Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 43,058.71 852.94 1 Phil-Data Business Systems, Inc Working - General Santos equipment/Printer

108 PW-O-PH-17-611 Split Type, Wall Mounted Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 43,187.80 857.75 1 Jim Harris Bastes Architects Working Inverter Air Conditioner, 230 - General Santos VAC, 60Hz 109 PW-O-PH-17-612 Split Type, Wall Mounted Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 25,762.64 511.67 1 Jim Harris Bastes Architects Working Inverter Air Conditioner, 230 - General Santos VAC, 60Hz 110 PW-O-PH-17-613 HP Desktop Mini 800 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 59,000.00 1,129.19 1 Donated by ENGAGE Working - General Santos equipment/Desktop

111 PW-O-PH-17-639 Modular Table Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Furniture/Table No 44,033.68 874.55 1 Jim Harris Bastes Architects Working - General Santos

112 PW-O-PH-18-00641 HP Elitebook 840 17 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 70,971.00 1,425.69 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Not Working/Repairable Manila equipment/Laptop

113 PW-O-PH-18-01040 Mitsubishi Montero Sport Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Vehicle/Truck No 1,339,286.00 31,059.51 1 Donated by B+Wiser 10-Oct-18 Working 2013 - Palawan 114 PW-O-PH-18-01118 Toyota Hilux Pickup 2005 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Vehicle/Truck No 94,335.21 1,840.69 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Model Plate # ZBA 872 - Palayan

115 PW-O-PH-18-01354 Elitebook Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 77,070.00 1,763.74 1 Donated by FPI Working Manila equipment/Laptop

116 PW-O-PH-18-01355 HP Compaq Elite 8300 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 48,820.00 1,124.88 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Manila equipment/Desktop

117 PW-O-PH-18-0545 Conference Table Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Furniture/Table No 28,037.46 556.85 1 Jim Harris Bastes Architects Working - General Santos

118 PW-O-PH-18-0640 HP EliteBook 800 G3 Mini Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 47,800.00 932.68 1 Phil-Data Business Systems, Inc 17-Nov-17 Working - Palawan equipment/Desktop

119 PW-O-PH-18-0695 HP Envy 14-K038TY Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 52,900.00 1,032.57 1 Donated by BLeaders 31-Jan-19 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

120 PW-O-PH-18-0709 Ford Ranger WPO-494 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Vehicle/Car No 1,052,678.57 20,173.99 1 Donated by Bicol Water Project Working - General Santos

121 PW-O-PH-18-1008 Dell Inspiron 14 7000 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 43,750.00 810.94 1 Netex System Inc. 26-Sep-18 Working - General Santos equipment/Laptop

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 | 235

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 122 PW-O-PH-18-1009 Dell Inspiron 14 7000 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 43,750.00 810.94 1 Netex System Inc. 26-Sep-18 Working - General Santos equipment/Laptop

123 PW-O-PH-18-1010 HP ProDesk 400 G5 SFF Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 31,200.00 578.31 1 Phil-Data Business Systems, Inc 28-Sep-18 Working - Palawan equipment/Monitor - Desktop

124 PW-O-PH-18-1019 HP ProDesk 400 G5 SFF Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 32,600.00 602.59 1 Phil-Data Business Systems, Inc 11-Oct-18 Working - General Santos equipment/Desktop

125 PW-O-PH-18-1363 HP Compaq Elite Desktop Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 48,820.00 1,124.88 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Manila equipment/Desktop

126 PW-O-PH-18-1364 HP Compaq Elite 8300 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 48,820.00 1,124.88 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Manila equipment/Desktop

127 PW-O-PH-18-1365 HP Elitebook Folio 9470 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 77,070.00 1,763.74 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Not Working/Not Repairable Manila equipment/Laptop

128 PW-O-PH-18-1366 HP Elitebook Folio 9470 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 77,070.00 1,763.74 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Not Working/Not Repairable Manila equipment/Laptop

129 PW-O-PH-18-1367 HP Elitebook Folio 9470 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 77,070.00 1,763.74 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

130 PW-O-PH-18-1498 YSI-Multi-Parameter Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 122,911.00 2,346.53 1 Clean World Trading and 5-Apr-18 Working Manila Supplies, Inc

131 PW-O-PH-18-1506 EOS 200D Silver Kit Lens 18- Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 33,033.93 622.69 1 Super East Asia Enterprises, Inc. 8-Nov-18 Working 55mm Manila - Camera

132 PW-O-PH-18-1507 Window Blinds Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Furniture/Other No 63,854.90 1,269.00 1 WindoWay Trading Inc 3-Jan-18 Working Manila 133 PW-O-PH-18-2047 EPSON printer L1455 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 35,352.68 655.89 1 Electro World 21-Sep-18 Working - Tawi-Tawi equipment/Printer

134 PW-O-PH-18-2051 Portable Generator, Honda Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 30,000.00 561.06 1 Safety Enterprises 11/7/2018 Working ER2500 CX - Tawi-Tawi 135 PW-O-PH-18-710 HP NOTEBOOK 14- Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 26,600.00 511.24 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 9-May-18 Working BSO77TX Manila equipment/Laptop

136 PW-O-PH-18-711 HP NOTEBOOK 14- Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 26,600.00 511.24 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 9-May-18 Working BSO77TX Manila equipment/Laptop

137 PW-O-PH-18-712 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 74,000.00 1,407.91 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 30-May-18 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

138 PW-O-PH-18-713 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 74,000.00 1,407.91 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 30-May-18 Working - General Santos equipment/Laptop

139 PW-O-PH-18-714 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 74,000.00 1,407.91 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 30-May-18 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

140 PW-O-PH-18-715 HP Elitebook 840 G3 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 74,000.00 1,407.91 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 30-May-18 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

141 PW-O-PH-18-716 Garmin Oregon 750 GPS Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 28,120.98 526.91 1 Garmin Center – Nauts And 29-Jun-18 Working Manila - GPS Vectors Company, Inc.

236 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 142 PW-O-PH-18-738 Natural Convection Incubator Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 70,535.71 1,355.15 1 Yana Chemodities, Inc 6-Apr-18 Working - Palawan 143 PW-O-PH-18-739 Olympus TG-5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 31,500.00 603.68 1 Infomax Enterprises 26-Mar-18 Working Manila - Camera

144 PW-O-PH-18-784 Open Cabinet Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Furniture/Cabinet No 41,000.00 769.09 1 UNICOM Office Designs 25-Jun-18 Working Manila 145 PW-O-PH-19-0106 Koppel 2.5HP Wall Mounted Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 50,440.00 973.75 1 Rocas Cooling System Services 9-Jul-19 Working Aircon Inverter - General Santos

146 PW-O-PH-19-01079 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV - Palawan equipment/Laptop

147 PW-O-PH-19-01080 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV - Palayan equipment/Laptop

148 PW-O-PH-19-01081 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

149 PW-O-PH-19-01082 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV - Palayan equipment/Laptop

150 PW-O-PH-19-01083 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

151 PW-O-PH-19-01084 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

152 PW-O-PH-19-01085 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

153 PW-O-PH-19-01086 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

154 PW-O-PH-19-01087 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

155 PW-O-PH-19-01091 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

156 PW-O-PH-19-01092 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV - Palawan equipment/Laptop

157 PW-O-PH-19-01093 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV - General Santos equipment/Laptop

158 PW-O-PH-19-01094 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

159 PW-O-PH-19-01095 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 65,385.00 1,350.09 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 23-Apr-19 Working 2FA68AV - Palayan equipment/Laptop

160 PW-O-PH-19-01096 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

161 PW-O-PH-19-01097 HP Elitebook 840 G5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,385.00 1,249.00 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 24-May-19 Working 2FA68AV Manila equipment/Laptop

162 PW-O-PH-19-01098 TG 5 Waterproof Camera Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 30,000.00 579.15 1 Infomax Enterprises 7-Jun-19 Working Manila - Camera

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 | 237

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 163 PW-O-PH-19-01111 Sharp Aircon Inverter Type Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 40,000.00 785.08 1 CEMP Middle East Trading 5-Apr-19 Working - Palayan Corp

164 PW-O-PH-19-01116 Sharp Aircon Inverter Type Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 40,000.00 785.08 1 CEMP Middle East Trading 5-Apr-19 Working - Palayan Corp

165 PW-O-PH-19-01123 Laptop Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 26,900.00 504.04 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 20-Jul-18 Working - Palawan equipment/Laptop

166 PW-O-PH-19-01124 Laptop Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 26,900.00 504.04 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 20-Jul-18 Working - Palawan equipment/Laptop

167 PW-O-PH-19-01131 Generator Set Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 48,000.00 927.54 1 Milbros Marketing Corporation 30-Jul-19 Working - General Santos

168 PW-O-PH-19-01133 DSLR Camera with lens Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Electronics No 73,960.00 1,429.18 1 Digital Interface, Inc. 19-Jul-19 Working - General Santos - Camera

169 PW-O-PH-19-01141 HP Laserjet Enterprise 500 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 135,900.00 3,145.83 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Color M575 F MFP - Palayan equipment/Printer

170 PW-O-PH-19-01183 HP NB Omen Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 136,000.00 2,653.66 1 Imax Technologies Inc 20-Aug-19 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

171 PW-O-PH-19-01191 Eaton Extended Battery Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 43,210.98 970.00 1 Donated by ENGAGE 14-Mar-14 Working Module - General Santos equipment/UPS Battery Module 172 PW-O-PH-19-01192 Eaton 9PX6KG-UPS Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 175,607.19 3,942.03 1 Donated by ENGAGE 14-Mar-14 Working - General Santos equipment/UPS

173 PW-O-PH-19-01193 Cisco Meraki MR33 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 39,572.39 740.00 1 Donated by ENGAGE 29-Jun-18 Working - General Santos equipment/Firewall

174 PW-O-PH-19-01194 Cisco Meraki MX65W Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 1 Donated by ENGAGE 29-Jun-18 Working - General Santos equipment/Firewall

175 PW-O-PH-19-01196 Sonicwall CDP 220 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 98,900.21 2,219.26 1 Donated by ENGAGE 3-Mar-14 Working Manila equipment/Firewall

176 PW-O-PH-19-01197 Biometric Reader Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 24,268.92 561.17 1 Donated by ENGAGE 4-Nov-13 Working - General Santos

177 PW-O-PH-19-01198 Portech 2 channel VOIP GSM Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 28,721.49 644.74 1 Donated by ENGAGE 14-Mar-14 Working Gateway Manila 178 PW-O-PH-19-01199 Sentry Business Safe Digital & Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Safe No 40,049.77 896.00 1 Donated by ENGAGE 14-Oct-14 Working Key lock - General Santos

179 PW-O-PH-19-01200 CCTV Set Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 25,922.61 578.83 1 Donated by ENGAGE 16-Oct-18 Working - General Santos

180 PW-O-PH-19-01201 HP Color Laserjet MFP Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 53,331.02 997.83 1 Donated by ENGAGE 19-Jul-18 Working M477fdw - General Santos equipment/Printer

181 PW-O-PH-19-01202 Develop Ineo 4020 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 48,945.51 902.10 1 Donated by ENGAGE 3-Oct-18 Working - General Santos equipment/Printer

238 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 182 PW-O-PH-19-01204 HP Laptop 15s Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 36,500.00 712.20 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 2-Sep-19 Working Zamboanga equipment/Laptop

183 PW-O-PH-19-01205 HP Laptop 15s Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 36,500.00 712.20 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 2-Sep-19 Working Zamboanga equipment/Laptop

184 PW-O-PH-19-01206 HP Laptop 15s Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 36,500.00 712.20 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 2-Sep-19 Working Zamboanga equipment/Laptop

185 PW-O-PH-19-01207 HP Laptop 15s Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 36,500.00 712.20 1 Advance Solutions, Inc 2-Sep-19 Working Zamboanga equipment/Laptop

186 PW-O-PH-19-01337 Fieldscope 1 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 609.00 1 DAI HOME OFFICE 30-Aug-19 Not Working / Not Repairable - General Santos

187 PW-O-PH-19-01347 Stereo Zoom Microscope Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 149,845.51 2,895.57 1 Micro-Biological Laboratory, Inc 16-Oct-19 Working - General Santos

188 PW-O-PH-19-01348 HP EliteBook 840 G6 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,505.00 1,278.15 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 4-Oct-19 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

189 PW-O-PH-19-01349 HP EliteBook 840 G6 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,505.00 1,278.15 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 4-Oct-19 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

190 PW-O-PH-19-01350 HP EliteBook 840 G6 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,505.00 1,278.15 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 4-Oct-19 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

191 PW-O-PH-19-01351 HP EliteBook 840 G6 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 65,505.00 1,278.15 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 4-Oct-19 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

192 PW-O-PH-19-01356 Herbarium Cabinet Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 408,928.57 7,979.09 1 Project Management& Technical 30-Aug-19 Working - General Santos Resources Corporation

193 PW-O-PH-19-01358 Dell Inspiron Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 68,595.00 1,338.44 1 Compucare Center Working - General Santos equipment/Laptop

194 PW-O-PH-19-01370 HP Laserjet 500 Color M551 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 51,400.00 1,003.29 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Manila equipment/Printer

195 PW-O-PH-19-01374 Inverted Microscope Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 505,066.96 8,926.22 1 Micro-Biological Laboratory, Inc 20-Nov-19 Working - Tawi-Tawi

196 PW-O-PH-19-01411 Fieldscope 2 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 31,788.16 609.95 1 DAI HOME OFFICE 30-Aug-19 Working - General Santos

197 PW-O-PH-19-1142 HP LaserJet 500 MFP Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Computer No 135,900.00 2,703.70 1 Donated by FPI Working - Palayan equipment/Printer

198 PW-O-PH-19-1181 Samsung S4 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Phone - No 25,982.00 576.11 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working - Palayan Mobile

199 PW-O-PH-19-1182 Iphone 5s Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Phone - No 36,420.00 807.56 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Manila Mobile

200 PW-O-PH-19-1190 Cisco Meraki MX65W Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 105,348.11 1,970.00 1 Donated by ENGAGE 29-Jun-18 Working Manila equipment/Firewall

201 PW-O-PH-19-1368 HP Elitebook Folio 9470 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 77,070.00 1,763.74 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 | 239

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 202 PW-O-PH-19-1369 HP Elitebook Folio 9470 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 69,000.00 1,386.10 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

203 PW-O-PH-19-1371 Polycom Soundstation IP Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 38,290.00 775.12 1 Donated by FPI 21-Dec-18 Working 7000-Conference VOIP Manila equipment/VoIP Phone phone 204 PW-O-PH-19-1452 Tamron SP 150-600f/5-6.3 VC Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 44,980.00 882.83 1 Digital Interface, Inc. 7/16/2019 Not Working / Not Repairable USD G2 Manila 205 PW-O-PH-19-1453 Canon EOS 5D Mark IV Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 28,980.00 568.79 1 Digital Interface, Inc. 7/16/2019 Not Working / Not Repairable Manila - Camera

206 PW-O-PH-19-1494 Benro GH2 Magnesium Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 27,680.00 547.58 1 Philinstruments Corporation 25-Nov-19 Working Gimbal Head Manila

207 PW-O-PH-19-1508 Herbarium Dryer Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 50,000.00 966.18 1 JBK Electrical Parts and Services 9-Sep-19 Working Manila

208 PW-O-PH-19-1509 Rectangular Fiber Glass Tank Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 26,880.00 519.42 1 BNH Aqua Culture Corp. 24-Jul-19 Working 1,200L Manila 209 PW-O-PH-19-1510 Rectangular Fiber Glass Tank Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 26,880.00 519.42 1 BNH Aqua Culture Corp. 24-Jul-19 Working 1,200L Manila 210 PW-O-PH-19-1511 Rectangular Fiber Glass Tank Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 26,880.00 519.42 1 BNH Aqua Culture Corp. 24-Jul-19 Working 1,200L Manila 211 PW-O-PH-19-1512 Circular Fiber Glass Tank Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,568.00 571.36 1 BNH Aqua Culture Corp. 24-Jul-19 Working 1,200L Manila 212 PW-O-PH-19-1513 Circular Fiber Glass Tank Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,568.00 571.36 1 BNH Aqua Culture Corp. 24-Jul-19 Working 1,200L Manila 213 PW-O-PH-19-1516 Computer Desktop: Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 44,000.00 869.91 1 Phil-Data Business Systems, Inc 12-Nov-19 Working HPP8RY78PA400G6431 Manila equipment/Desktop

214 PW-O-PH-19-1518 Camera, Olympus TG-5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 30,000.00 583.43 1 Infomax Enterprise 2-Jul-19 Working Manila - Camera

215 PW-O-PH-19-1519 Camera, Olympus TG-5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 30,000.00 583.43 1 Infomax Enterprise 2-Jul-19 Working Manila - Camera

216 PW-O-PH-19-1520 Camera, Olympus TG-5 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 30,000.00 583.43 1 Infomax Enterprise 2-Jul-19 Working Manila - Camera

217 PW-O-PH-20-01523 Electronic X-Ray Machine Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 2,022,321.43 39,746.88 1 Infinnomed Enterprise 31-Jan-20 Working with software and computer Manila software set 218 PW-O-PH-20-1557 Scanner, Fujitsu Scan Snap Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 30,000.00 595.71 1 Phil-Data Business Systems, Inc 13-Feb-20 Working iX1500 Document Scanner Manila

219 PW-O-PH-20-1600 Abaca Stripping Machine Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 112,500.00 2,231.66 1 JD Davao Metal Fabrication and 9-Mar-20 Working - General Santos Services

220 PW-O-PH-20-1601 Abaca Stripping Machine Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 112,500.00 2,231.66 1 JD Davao Metal Fabrication and 9-Mar-20 Working - General Santos Services

221 PW-O-PH-20-1610 Abaca Stripping Machine Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 112,500.00 2,231.66 1 JD Davao Metal Fabrication and 11-Feb-20 Working - General Santos Services

222 PW-O-PH-20-1615 Abaca Stripping Machine Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife Equipment/Other No 112,500.00 2,231.66 1 JD Davao Metal Fabrication and 11-Feb-20 Working - General Santos Services

223 PW-O-PH-20-1621 Tamron Roll Zoom Lens Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 44,980.00 896.66 1 Digital Interface, Inc. 10-Mar-20 Working Manila - Camera

240 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 224 PW-O-PH-20-1625 Computer Desktop Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 50,100.00 994.84 1 PROVANTAGE SYSTEM INC 3-Mar-20 Working Zamboanga equipment/Desktop

225 PW-O-PH-20-1626 Computer Desktop Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 50,100.00 994.84 1 PROVANTAGE SYSTEM INC 3-Mar-20 Working Zamboanga equipment/Desktop

226 PW-O-PH-20-1630 EliteBook 840 G6 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 67,775.00 1,354.15 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 23-Jan-20 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

227 PW-O-PH-20-1631 EliteBook 840 G6 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 67,775.00 1,354.15 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 23-Jan-20 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

228 PW-O-PH-20-1632 EliteBook 840 G6 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 67,775.00 1,354.15 1 Unison Global Technologies, Inc 23-Jan-20 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

229 PW-O-PH-20-1633 Generator Set - 15KVA Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 290,000.00 5,746.61 1 ECT Electromechanical Trading 22-Jan-20 Working Manila and Services/Chara Salcedo Trapero

230 PW-O-PH-20-1634 Camera | Canon EOS 1500D Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Electronics No 28,950.00 577.11 1 Digital Interface, Inc. 10-Mar-20 Working Manila - Camera

231 PW-O-PH-20-1635 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

232 PW-O-PH-20-1636 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

233 PW-O-PH-20-1637 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 20-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

234 PW-O-PH-20-1638 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

235 PW-O-PH-20-1639 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

236 PW-O-PH-20-1640 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

237 PW-O-PH-20-1641 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

238 PW-O-PH-20-1642 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

239 PW-O-PH-20-1643 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

240 PW-O-PH-20-1644 1 M Segmented Bouys Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 29,000.00 575.85 1 INCA Philippines, Incorporated 30-Jan-20 Working Zamboanga

241 PW-O-PH-20-1691 Freezer 2 Door Steel 21CFT Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Refrigerator No 70,500.00 1,397.50 1 Savers Electronic World Inc. 5-Feb-20 Working Manila

242 PW-O-PH-20-1692 Chest Freezer-Chiller 22CFT Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Refrigerator No 29,000.00 574.71 1 Savers Electronic World Inc. 5-Feb-20 Working Manila

PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4 | 241

Property Tag No. Description Classification Office Sub Type Expendable? Total (Php) Total ($US) Qty Vendor Acq Date Condition 243 PW-O-PH-20-1693 Air Condition Ceiling Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Equipment/Other No 100,800.00 1,997.62 1 Savers Electronic World Inc. 5-Feb-20 Working Cassette 4HP HD Premium Manila Inverter 244 PW-O-PH-19-1696 HP Elitebook 840 G6 Operations DAI-Protect Wildlife- Computer No 69,921.50 1,361.40 1 SHI INTERNATIONAL CORP 18-Oct-19 Working Manila equipment/Laptop

242 | PROTECT WILDLIFE ANNUAL REPORT 4