An Annotated Bibliography of the Benthic Marine Algae of Alaska
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ADF&G JECHN ICAL DATA REPORT NO. 31 STATE OF A.LAS KA (Lirn ited Distribution) Jay S. Hammond, Governor AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE OF ALASKA By: Sandra C. Lindstrom ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF F ISH ATID GAME James W. Brooks Subport Building, Juneau, Alaska 99801 Commissioner ADF&G TECHNICAL DATA REPORTS This series of reports is designed to facilitate prompt reporting of data from studies conducted by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, especially studies which may be of direct and immediate interest to scientists of other agencies. The primary purpose of these reports is presentation of data. Descri ption of programs and data col 1ecti on methods is included only to the extent required for interpretation of the data. Analysis is general 1y 1 imited to that neces- sary for clarification of data collection methods and interpretation of the basic data. No attempt is made in these reports to present analysis of the data relative to its ultimate or intended use. Data presented in these reports is intended to be final , however, some revisions may occasional ly be necessary. Minor revision will be made via errata sheets. Major revisions will be made in the form of revised reports. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE OF ALASKA Sandra C . Lindstrom Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Commercial Fisheries Juneau, Alaska TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ...................................... .,. ................ 1 Introduction ............................................................. 1 Content of Bibliography ................................................. 3 Systematic List of Alaska Algae Chlorophyta .......................................................... 5 Phaeophyta .......................................................... 7 Rhodophyta ..........................................................10 Species Bibliographies Chlorophyta ..........................................................18 Phaeophyta ..........................................................44 Rhodophyta ..........................................................86 Literature Bibliography ................................................158 Index ..................................................................166 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the following people who provided information for this bibliography: N. I. Calvin, J. H. Gnagy, D. Howe, H. W. Johansen, K. V. Koski, P. A. Lebednik, D. Lunsford, J. F. Palmisano, R. F. Scagel, and M. J. Wynne. I particularly appreciated the critical comments of P. A. Lebednik and M. J. Wynne *om their perusal of the first draft of the manu- script. I would also like to acknowledge the help of the following people who provided identifications of specimens I sent them from Alaska: I. A. Abbott, M. D. Guiry, H. W. Johansen, and T. F. Mumford, Jr. Finally, I would like to thank the following people for their help: D. C. Barilotti, for his encouragement; R. E. Foreman, for inviting me to spend a summer at the University of British Columbia; and C. L. Rosier, for believing in seaweeds. INTRODUCTION . .A Brief History For anyone interested in studying the marine algae of Alaska, the lack of a single reference work to the flora of the area is an immediate and almost over- whelming handicap. This volume attempts to fill that void on an interim basis by providing within one cover references to all of the published and some of the unpublished work on the seaweeds of this area. Records of seaweed collections in Alaska before the turn of the century are described by Setchell and Gardner (1903). Their account of these early collections is utilized in the following narrative. Papenfuss (in Abbott and Hollenberg, 1976) also provides a very readable phycological history of Pacific North America. The first collection made in the vicinity of Alaska was by Steller, who visited the shores of Kamchatka between 1742 and 1745. Algae collected by him were described by Gmelin in 1768. The first algae collected in the area popularly known as the Pacific Northwest were taken by Menzies, who visited this area in a trading ship between 1779 and 1786 and later accompanied Vancouver on his exploratory voyages in the Northwest, including Alaska, between April 1791 and October 1795. Menzies' collections were figured and described by Turner in publications which appeared between 1808 and 1819. Several species collected by Menzies were named and imperfectly described by Esper in 1802 from fragments sent him by Turner without the latter's suspicion of how they were to be used. Chamisso collected many algal specimens on Von Kotzebue's expedition between 1816 and 1817, which included a stop at Unalaska, and these specimens were described chiefly by C . Agardh in 1821 and 1822. In 1826 to 1829, Postels and Mertens accompanied Lutke to the Northwest coast. Mertens made notes, some of which were published in 1829. Postels made a series of magnificent drawings which were later published with Ruprecht in 1840. Kastalsky, on another of Lutke's ships, also collected material which was utilized by Postels and Ruprecht in their Illustrationes Algarum. Collections were made at Sitka, the Alaska Peninsula, Unalaska, the Pribilof Islands, and Kamchatka . One of the most valuable phycology references to Alaska and the Northwest coast came from a 1851 publication by Ruprecht on collections made in the Sea of Okhotsk by Redovski as well as by M~osnessenskiand Middendorf and also by Steller. Although dealing with another area, this work contains valuable references to species and specimens from Alaska and the Northwest with notes on their occur- rence there and comparisons with similar or identical species from other areas. In 1889, Kjellman enumerated the algae collected during Nordenskjold's voyage in 1880 through the Bering Strait to Port Clarence and St. Lawrence Island. In 1899, Setchell brought together and published records of algae collected in the Pribilof Islands by a variety of people. Many of the records of Alaska algae from the 1903 paper by Setchell and Gardner came from an extensive collecting trip made in 1899 by the University of California and including Jepson, Hunt, Lawson, and Setchell . This group collected at St. Michael, Cape Nome, Unalaska Bay, Delarof Harbor on Unga Island, Karluk, Uyak Bay, St. Paul (Kodiak Island) , Orca, Juneau, and Sitka. Setchell and Gardner also utilized collections made by private individuals and commercial com- panies in Alaska that had been deposited in the University of California herbarium. These collections came from various areas in the territory, including the eastern Bering Sea, St. Paul Island, Norton Sound, Morzhovoi Bay, Agattu and Kiska Islands in the Aleutians, Yakutat Bay and Sitka. In June and July of 1899, the Harriman expedition also visited Alaska. Marine algae were collected at Annette Island, Wrangell, Juneau, Sitka, Glacier Bay, Prince William Sound (near Orca and in Virgin Bay), Cook Inlet, Kukak Bay, Kodiak Island, and Popof and Unga Islands in the Shumagin group. These specimens were identified by Saunders, who was also a member of the expedition, in 1901. Between 1913 and 1915, the U . S . Bureau of Soils sent two expeditions to Alaska to assess the availability of commercial quantities of the kelps Alaria fistulosa , Macrocystis integrifolia , and Nereocystis luetkeana . Reports of these two expeditions were written by Frye (1915) and Rigg (1915). Several collections by Japanese phycologists have also been made in Alaska (Okamura, 1933; Tatewake and Kobayashi, 1934; Chihara, 1967) . Collections made during the summers of 1959-1960, 1962-1966, and 1968-1969 under the direction of Dr. Robert F . Scagel of the University of British Columbia have included both intertidal and subtidal sites in Alaska from Dixon Entrance to the Gulf of Alaska, including Kodiak Island, and through the inner Aleutian Islands as far as Attu Island. Publications from these collections are currently limited to papers on Laminaria and the distribution of the Laminariales by Druehl (1968, 1970) and on Hedophyllum and Alaria by Widdowson (1965, 1971), and a paper on Porphyra by Conway, Mumford, and Scagel (1975). Another collecting trip sponsored by the University of British Columbia was made to Southeastern Alaska in January 1971. Markham, McBride, and Newroth (1972) report on the species collected during that voyage. Following the Good Friday earthquake in 1964, the National Academy of Sciences sponsored a biological expedition to Prince William Sound in the late spring and early summer of 1965. Algal specimens from the 33 stations were collected and identified by Johansen and reported in 1971. A biological assessment program preceding and following the two atomic bomb tests on Amchitka Island provided extensive information on seaweed distri- butions and biological interactions on this island between 1967 and 1973 (Burgner, --et al., 1968, 1969, 1971a, 1971b, 1972; Dayton, 1975; Estes, 1974; Estes and Palmisano, 1974; Lebednik, 1973; Lebednik and Tutmark, 1970; Lebednik, et-- al., 1971; Nakatani, --et al., 1973, 1974; Palmisano, 1975; Weinmann, 1969; Wynne, 1969, 1970a, 1970b, 1971a, 1971b) . Lebednik (personal communication) has collected seaweeds in Alaska both under the auspices of the Amchitka program and on his own. Results of a seaweed survey made by the University of Alaska in northern Southeastern Alaska and on the north side of the Alaska Peninsula in 1970 were published the following year (McRoy, --et al., 1971). The university has also been involved