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Notes on Ceramium (Rhodophyta: Ceramiales) from the Hawaiian Islands!

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Notes on Ceramium (Rhodophyta: Ceramiales) from the Hawaiian Islands! Pacific Science (1995), vol. 49, no. 2: 165-174 © 1995 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved Notes on Ceramium (Rhodophyta: Ceramiales) from the Hawaiian Islands! ISABEL MENESES 2 ABSTRACT: Ceramium is widely distributed and recorded from the coasts of the North Pacific Ocean. Thus, it is not surprising to find new species and new records of this genus among the numerous islands spread in this oceanic region. Extensive examination ofmaterial collected around O'ahu and other Hawaiian Islands has yielded two new records: Ceramium aduncum Nakamura (pre­ viously known from Japan), Ceramium clarionensis Setchell & Gardner (pre­ viously recorded for the Pacific coast of Mexico), and a new species, Ceramium cingulum Meneses. APPROXIMATELY 55 SPECIES of the genus Cer­ the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, appearing in amium (Ceramiaceae) have been reported almost any collection made, mainly as epi­ for the tropical and subtropical North phytes. Recently, four new species were re­ Pacific Ocean, representing about one-half of corded (Norris and Abbott 1992). The goal the known species worldwide. Detailed de­ of the study reported here was to include all scriptions as well as passing references in possible morphological variations in the marine floras of this region describe species Ceramium taxa collected. Thus, intensive mainly from the Pacific coast of North and collections were made around O'ahu, and Central America (Setchell and Gardner 1924, collections from other Hawaiian Islands were 1930, 1937, Dawson 1944, 1945a,b, 1954a,b,c, examined. As a result three new records and 1957b, 1961, 1962, Hollenberg 1948) and one new species of Ceramium are reported. Japan (Yendo 1917, Nakamura 1950, 1965, Hono 1972, 1977). In Hawai'i, records of Ceramium species MATERIALS AND METHODS have been made since about 1876 (Abbott 1980), and a number have been published Haphazardly sampled collections were (Abbott 1947, 1980, Hollenberg 1968, Doty made at several sites around the island of et al. 1974, Norris and Abbott 1992). O'ahu. Localities were chosen on the basis of Recognition and interpretation of sea­ habitat diversity and accessibility. sonal and environmental modifications ofthe Specimens were preserved in 2-5% buf­ thallus (Dixon 1960, Garbary et al. 1978, fered formalin/seawater anddried and pressed Womersley 1978, Suh and Lee 1984) have on herbarium sheets or fixed and preserved contributed to a clarification of the taxo­ as whole mounts on permanent microscope nomic standing ofsome species in Ceramium. slides. Material preserved on slides was Thus, some ofthe originally described species stained with 1% aqueous solution of aniline have been reduced to synonymy, and the blue slightly acidified with hydrocWoric species delimitation in the genus is under­ acid (Tsuda and Abbott 1985). Plants were going a series of changes resulting from crit­ mounted in 25% solution of clear Karo com ical examination of the diagnostic features. syrup (Best Foods, CPC International, Eng­ Species of Ceramium are common around lewood Cliffs, New Jersey) in distilled water with a few crystals of phenol added as a pre- set:Vative<T-his~proGedure- stained-a~:ial ceHs­ IManuscnpt aCceptedl May 1994. differentially from cortical cells in Ceramium, 2 Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822. Current address: De­ while highlighting the primary pit conections. partamento de Ecologia, Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica Observations and measurements were made de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. using a light microscope (Zeiss). 165 166 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 49, April 1995 Nodal and internodal measurements, cell protruding, consisting of a central row of sizes, number of cortical cell rows, and other large cells with three to six layers of smaller data are given in ranges in which the num­ outer cells irregularly arranged; nodal diam­ bers in parentheses indicate the extreme eter 1.9 times the diameter of the internodes values of the entire range and the other num­ (Figure 3); 170-280 J1.m in diameter, 64-170 bers are the extremes that include 75% of the J1.m long in basal portions of the plant; 140­ individuals recorded. 240 J1.m (up to 280 J1.m) in diameter, 48-150 Herbarium specimens examined include J1.m long in upright portions. Cortical cells material from the National Museum of Nat­ 13-19(25) J1.m long by 6-9 J1.m wide; round­ ural History, Smithsonian Institution (us), ish to somewhat angular in shape except Isabella A. Abbott personal collection (IAA), for those located in the lowest nodal row, the Herbarium of the University of Cal­ where they are axially elongated. Gland cells ifornia at Berkeley (CAS in uc), and my per­ (15)19-31 J1.m by 11-20 J1.m, abundant or sonal collection (1M). A set of microscope scarce, scattered throughout the nodes slides bearing my Hawaiian study material (Figure 3), especially in the younger parts of has been deposited in the Herbarium of the the plant. Tetrasporangia (Figure 4) borne on Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BISH), with some cortical cells, initially adaxial and later sur­ duplicates at the Universidad Catolica de rounding the entire node, rounded, thick­ Chile (ssuc). walled, 38-51 by 35-54 J1.m, involucre absent. Gametangial plants were not observed. Ceramium aduncum Nakamura Figures 1-4 REMARKS: Ceramium aduncum was de­ Ceramium aduncum Nakamura, 1950: 158­ scribed by Nakamura (1950: 158-160) and 160, figs. 2b, 3; 1965: 119-180, pI. II, figs. 1­ reported from Taiwan to Hokkaido. Naka­ 2; !tono, 1972 :81, fig. 11 a. Synonyms: C. cir­ mura (1950: figs. 3a and f) illustrated tetra­ cinatumYendo (non Agardh), 1917:92-93. sporangial plants in which the cortical bands Ceramium "sp. nov.?" Setchell & Gardner, are somewhat reduced when compared with 1930: 173, pI. 7,fig.25. C. clarionensissensu the Hawaiian plants, whereas the broader Dawson (non Setchell and Gardner), 1950: nodes depicted for a cystocarpic plant seem 134, pI. 4, fig. 29; 1954b :448, fig. 55K; 1956: more in agreement with the nonreproductive 54; 1961 :440; 1962: 53, pI. 18, figs. 5-6. material from O'ahu. Plants epiphytic on species of Galaxaura, Nakamura (1950: 159-160) mentioned the Acanthophora, and Graci/aria or entangled similarity of his material to a possible new with other algae, forming small turfs on pro­ species of Ceramium reported by Setchell and tected shallow subtidal reef flats. Thallus 4­ Gardner (1930) from sterile material from 15 rom tall, basal portions creeping on the Guadalupe Island. Because - of the scanty substrate. Branching pattern dichotomous, material available and its lack of reproduc­ mature plants with up to six dichotomies; tive organs, no name was proposed for the adventitious branches infrequent. Apices species. Examination of this material (uc strongly forcipate with outer margins dentate 1462250jMason 169) showed that it consists (Figures 1, 2). Attachment by means of two of one dichotomous branch with typical well­ types of rhizoids, two to three cells long end­ developed C. aduncum nodes and abundant ing in a blunt apex, or one-celled ending in gland cells characteristic of this species. a discoid base with small digitations, both There is no doubt that the Ceramium "sp. types 16-22 J1.m (occasionally 30 J1.m) thick. nov.?" of Setchell and Gardner (1930) is the Internodes nearly up to 1.5 times as long as same species as C. aduncum Nakamura. wide;-160-240 -lim-in-diam@t@l",-94=1-76J1.ID. ­ In_the_same _pubJic.a.tio.11,..se~.b~~_9ar.9-~ (sometimes up to 290 J1.m) long in the lower ner (1930: 170-171) described Ceramium creeping portions of the plant and 144-240 clarionensis from Clarion Island (Revilla­ J1.m in diameter, 12~108 J1.m (seldom 240 J1.m) gigedo Islands, Pacific coast of Mexico) as a long in the upright portions. Nodes slightly species with distinctive protruding involucrate ii4$i¥UW Ceramium from the Hawaiian Islands-MENEsES 167 1 . 3 FiGURES 1-4. Ceramium aduncum Nakamura. 1, Forcipate apices; scale = 140 /lm. 2, Close-up showing gland cells (arrowheads); scale = 55 /lID. 3, Close-up of lower portion of thalus showing compact nodal structure and gland cells located in the upper portion of the nodes; scale = 50 /lm. 4, Tetrasporangial plant; scale = 85 /lm. tetrasporangia, 65-75 Jim diameter, borne on not with C. clarionensis. Examination of ma­ the abaxial side of the filaments. Dawson terial identified by Dawson as C. clarionensis (1950: 134-137) later reported C. clarionensis (Dawson numbers 10964,10909,10890,8600, from the Gulf of California and along the 10944, 8377, 10767 in us) as well as the type Pacific coast of southern California and material of C. clarionensis clearly indicates llQrJhem_Mexico. Rowey:er, ~.Dawson's -de­ thatthese aretwedifferent species; Hawson~s scription and figures (1950: pI. 4, fig. 29) material is of C. aduncum Nakamura, show­ agree with descriptions of C. aduncum by ing tetrasporangial and nodal arrangements Nakamura (1950) and the Ceramium sp. characteristic of this species. nov.? of Setchell and Gardner (1930) and Ceramium aduncum also resembles Cer- 168 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 49, April 1995 amium ornatum Setchell & Gardner (1930), a algae occurring subtidally, in areas subjected species also described from Isla Guadalupe. to medium wave exposure. Thallus 2-9 mID Nevertheless, in spite of the similarities in the long, basal portions horizontally attached to nodal structure and in the occurrence of the substrate and upper portions remain free noninvolucrate tetrasporangia in both spe­ and grow upright. Branching pattern dichot­ cies, C. ornatum lacks the typical gland cells omous, usually three or four dichotomies of C. aduncum. In addition, C. ornatum has present throughout the thallus, exceptionally tetrasporangia located in whorls protruding up to six dichotomies present; numerous ad­ from the upper half of the nodes, which con­ ventitious branches formed, up to 12-13 per trasts with C.
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