DOCSLIB.ORG

Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer MASS SPECTROMETRY Product Specifications Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer Unmatched analytical performance, revolutionary MS architecture The Thermo Scientific™ Orbitrap Fusion™ mass spectrometer combines the best of quadrupole, Orbitrap, and linear ion trap mass analysis in a revolutionary Thermo Scientific™ Tribrid™ architecture that delivers unprecedented depth of analysis. It enables life scientists working with even the most challenging samples—samples of low abundance, high complexity, or difficult-to-analyze chemical structure—to identify more compounds faster, quantify them more accurately, and elucidate molecular composition more thoroughly. • Tribrid architecture combines quadrupole, complex MSn experiments such as HCD linear ion trap, and Orbitrap mass analyzers followed by ETD for glycopeptide • Multiple fragmentation techniques—CID, characterization or HCD followed by CID HCD, and optional ETD—are available at for small-molecule structural analysis. any stage of MSn, with subsequent mass analysis in either the ion trap or Orbitrap The ultrahigh resolution of the Orbitrap mass mass analyzer analyzer increases certainty of analytical • Parallelization of MS and MSn acquisition results, enabling molecular-weight to maximize the amount of high-quality determination for intact proteins and confident data acquired resolution of isobaric species. The unsurpassed • Next-generation ion sources and ion scan rate and resolution of the system are optics increase system ease of operation and robustness especially useful when dealing with complex • Innovative instrument control software and low-abundance samples in proteomics, makes setup easier, methods more metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and powerful, and operation more intuitive similar applications. The Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS can perform The intuitive user interface of the tune editor a wide variety of analyses, from in-depth and method editor makes instrument calibration discovery experiments to characterization of and method development easier. The method complex PTMs to comprehensive qual/quan editor also contains a comprehensive library workflows. The availability of multiple of application-specific templates for commonly fragmentation techniques—CID, HCD, and performed analyses. ETD—at any stage of MSn, with fragment ion detection in either the ion trap or Orbitrap mass analyzer, offers a new level of versatility and performance for the most challenging applications. Users can perform 2 The optional Thermo Scientific™ EASY-ETD™ Dual-Pressure Linear Ion Trap Performance Characteristics ion source uses Townsend discharge • High-pressure cell for precursor ion Linear Ion Trap Mass Range ionization to generate a highly stable reagent isolation from 0.2 amu to full mass range Standard – m/z 50–2,000 ion flux. The source is very compact, fitting • Collision-induced dissociation (CID) and High Mass – m/z 200–4,000 inside the mass spectrometer. Intelligent, electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) automated precursor ion sorting routines, Orbitrap Mass Range reagent filtering using the quadrupole mass • Low-pressure cell for improved scan speed, Up to m/z 6000 without precursor ion resolving power, and mass accuracy filter, and charge-state-specific calibration of selection • Dual-dynode detector with high linear ETD reaction time maximize the quality of dynamic range for improved quantitation Resolution ETD spectra. and a large surface area for increased 15,000–450,000 (FWHM) at m/z 200 lifespan and robustness Hardware Specifications Scan Rate (under defined conditions) Vacuum System n Ion Source Orbitrap MS up to 15 Hz • Split-flow turbomolecular pump controlling Ion trap MSn up to 20 Hz Thermo Scientific™ EASY-Max NG™ vacuum in multiple regions Mass Accuracy (under defined conditions) Ion Source • Precise and accurate low mTorr pressure • Outstanding performance without control in the ion-routing multipole <3 ppm RMS using external calibration adjustments • Differentially pumped to ~3 × 10-4 Torr in <1 ppm RMS using internal calibration • Automatic gas and electrical connections the ion trap chamber MS/MS Electrospray Ionization (ESI) on installation -10 • Differentially pumped to <2 × 10 Torr in Ion Trap Sensitivity • Enhanced exhaust port efficiently removes Orbitrap mass analyzer 2 μL of a 50 fg/μL solution of reserpine solvent vapor, improving uptime and (100 fg total) injected at a flow of 500 μL/min reducing chemical noise Options will produce a minimum signal-to-noise ratio ™ ™ Ion Optics Thermo Scientific Ion Max NG Ion Source of 100:1 for the transition of the isolated • Adjustable heated electrospray ionization protonated molecular ions at m/z 609 to S-Lens (HESI) probe for ultimate sensitivity the largest two product ions, m/z 397 and • Progressively spaced stacked-ring ion • Flow rates from 1 μL/min up to m/z 448, when the mass spectrometer is guide (S-Lens) captures and efficiently <2,000 μL/min operated at unit resolution in the full-scan focuses ions in a tight beam MS/MS mode, m/z 165–615. The test • APCI/APPI probe compatible with liquid requires the HESI probe. • Large variable spacing between electrodes flow rates of 50 μL/min to 2 mL/min provides better pumping efficiency and without splitting Dynamic Range improved ruggedness Thermo Scientific™ NanoSpray Flex NG™ >5,000 within a single scan, guaranteeing • Automatic tuning program optimizes specified mass accuracy transmission Ion Source • Supports static packed-tip and dynamic MS Scan Power Active Beam Guide nanoelectrospray experiments MSn, for n = 1 through 10 • Reduces noise by preventing neutrals and • Compatible with liquid flow rates of Synchronous Precursor Selection high-velocity clusters from entering the 50 nL/min to 2 μL/min quadrupole mass filter Up to 15 precursors per MS2 scan, for MS3 ™ ™ • Axial field along the length of the rods Thermo Scientific EASY-Spray Ion Source analysis only improves ion transfer robustness • Maximum nanoelectrospray performance Multiplexing Using Ion-Routing Multipole with no need for adjustments Quadrupole Mass Filter Up to 10 precursors per scan using ™ ™ • Precursor ion selection with high ion Thermo Scientific EASY-ETD Ion Source quadrupole mass filter transmission • Generates fluoranthene anions for electron Polarity Switching • Precursor ion isolation window widths from transfer dissociation (ETD) One full cycle in 1.1 sec (one full scan in 0.4 amu to 20 amu • Townsend discharge ionization is extremely positive mode and one full scan in negative stable and robust Ion-Routing Multipole mode at resolution setting of 35,000) • Compact size, located entirely within the • Higher-energy collisional dissociation footprint of the instrument ETD Option (HCD) cell • Active reagent ion filtering using 3 μL/min infusion of a 1 pmol/μL solution of • Ion storage with or without fragmentation mass-resolving quadrupole angiotensin I will produce an electron-transfer • Efficient and stable ion transfer between dissociation fragmentation efficiency of >15% ™ ™ the ion-routing multipole and the Orbitrap Thermo Scientific EASY-IC Ion Source Analog Inputs and linear ion trap mass analyzers • Generates internal calibrant ions for real-time mass calibration on every One (1) analog input (0–1 V), Orbitrap Mass Analyzer spectrum One (1) analog (0–10 V) • Nitrogen-filled C-Trap • Provides <1 ppm RMS mass accuracy • Ultra-high-field Orbitrap mass analyzer with resolving power up to 450,000 FWHM and isotopic fidelity up to 240,000 FWHM at m/z 200 • Scan rate up to 15 Hz • 16-bit signal digitization 3 Figure 1. Orbitrap Fusion ion path Software Features Data System Exclusive Technologies • High-performance PC with Intel® • Dynamic scan management allows for • Data-dependent neutral-loss experiment microprocessor intelligent, real-time scheduling, triggers MS3 scans on only MS/MS • High-resolution LCD color monitor parallelization, and prioritization of the scan product ions with a predefined neutral loss events. It also enables selection, sorting, • Microsoft® Windows® 7 operating system • Isolation window offset allows for custom and routing of precursors to different centering of the isolation window when • Microsoft Office 2010 software fragmentation modes and analyzers based working with broad isotopic distributions • Thermo Scientific™ Xcalibur™ processing on user-selected parameters, including precursor m/z, intensity, and/or charge. • Quanfirmation experiment uses synchronous and instrument control software HR/AM SIM for quantitation with full-scan • Tune editor for system calibration, • Precursor fragmentation can take place in MS/MS in the ion trap for precursor diagnostics, and manual data acquisition the ion-routing multipole (HCD) or in the identity confirmation ion trap (CID, ETD) with fragment detection • Method editor with comprehensive in the linear ion trap or Orbitrap mass Optional Application-Specific Software application-specific template library and analyzers at any stage of MSn analysis ™ ™ drag-and-drop user interface to facilitate • Thermo Scientific Compound Discoverer method development • Dynamic exclusion allows acquisition of software – integrated solution for MS/MS and MSn spectra from lower-intensity small-molecule structural identification Operation Modes ion species • Thermo Scientific™ Mass Frontier™ • Top-speed mode maximizes the number of • Automatic gain control (AGC) ensures that software – predictive fragmentation high-quality MSn spectra from each cycle the ion trap is always filled with the software for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Electron Ionization
    Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Electron Ionization I. Introduction ......................................................................................................317 II. Ionization Process............................................................................................317 III. Strategy for Data Interpretation......................................................................321 1. Assumptions 2. The Ionization Process IV. Types of Fragmentation Pathways.................................................................328 1. Sigma-Bond Cleavage 2. Homolytic or Radical-Site-Driven Cleavage 3. Heterolytic or Charge-Site-Driven Cleavage 4. Rearrangements A. Hydrogen-Shift Rearrangements B. Hydride-Shift Rearrangements V. Representative Fragmentations (Spectra) of Classes of Compounds.......... 344 1. Hydrocarbons A. Saturated Hydrocarbons 1) Straight-Chain Hydrocarbons 2) Branched Hydrocarbons 3) Cyclic Hydrocarbons B. Unsaturated C. Aromatic 2. Alkyl Halides 3. Oxygen-Containing Compounds A. Aliphatic Alcohols B. Aliphatic Ethers C. Aromatic Alcohols D. Cyclic Ethers E. Ketones and Aldehydes F. Aliphatic Acids and Esters G. Aromatic Acids and Esters 4. Nitrogen-Containing Compounds A. Aliphatic Amines B. Aromatic Compounds Containing Atoms of Nitrogen C. Heterocyclic Nitrogen-Containing Compounds D. Nitro Compounds E. Concluding Remarks on the Mass Spectra of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds 5. Multiple Heteroatoms or Heteroatoms and a Double Bond 6. Trimethylsilyl Derivative 7. Determining the Location of Double Bonds VI. Library
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Mass Spectrometry
    Modern Mass Spectrometry MacMillan Group Meeting 2005 Sandra Lee Key References: E. Uggerud, S. Petrie, D. K. Bohme, F. Turecek, D. Schröder, H. Schwarz, D. Plattner, T. Wyttenbach, M. T. Bowers, P. B. Armentrout, S. A. Truger, T. Junker, G. Suizdak, Mark Brönstrup. Topics in Current Chemistry: Modern Mass Spectroscopy, pp. 1-302, 225. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2003. Current Topics in Organic Chemistry 2003, 15, 1503-1624 1 The Basics of Mass Spectroscopy ! Purpose Mass spectrometers use the difference in mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ionized atoms or molecules to separate them. Therefore, mass spectroscopy allows quantitation of atoms or molecules and provides structural information by the identification of distinctive fragmentation patterns. The general operation of a mass spectrometer is: "1. " create gas-phase ions "2. " separate the ions in space or time based on their mass-to-charge ratio "3. " measure the quantity of ions of each mass-to-charge ratio Ionization sources ! Instrumentation Chemical Ionisation (CI) Atmospheric Pressure CI!(APCI) Electron Impact!(EI) Electrospray Ionization!(ESI) SORTING DETECTION IONIZATION OF IONS OF IONS Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) Field Desorption/Field Ionisation (FD/FI) Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption gaseous mass ion Ionisation!(MALDI) ion source analyzer transducer Thermospray Ionisation (TI) Analyzers quadrupoles vacuum signal Time-of-Flight (TOF) pump processor magnetic sectors 10-5– 10-8 torr Fourier transform and quadrupole ion traps inlet Detectors mass electron multiplier spectrum Faraday cup Ionization Sources: Classical Methods ! Electron Impact Ionization A beam of electrons passes through a gas-phase sample and collides with neutral analyte molcules (M) to produce a positively charged ion or a fragment ion.
    [Show full text]
  • An Organic Chemist's Guide to Electrospray Mass Spectrometric
    molecules Review An Organic Chemist’s Guide to Electrospray Mass Spectrometric Structure Elucidation Arnold Steckel 1 and Gitta Schlosser 2,* 1 Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] 2 Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 January 2019; Accepted: 8 February 2019; Published: 10 February 2019 Abstract: Tandem mass spectrometry is an important tool for structure elucidation of natural and synthetic organic products. Fragmentation of odd electron ions (OE+) generated by electron ionization (EI) was extensively studied in the last few decades, however there are only a few systematic reviews available concerning the fragmentation of even-electron ions (EE+/EE−) produced by the currently most common ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). This review summarizes the most important features of tandem mass spectra generated by collision-induced dissociation fragmentation and presents didactic examples for the unexperienced users. Keywords: tandem mass spectrometry; MS/MS fragmentation; collision-induced dissociation; CID; ESI; structure elucidation 1. Introduction Electron ionization (EI), a hard ionization technique, is the method of choice for analyses of small (<1000 Da), nonpolar, volatile compounds. As its name implies, the technique involves ionization by electrons with ~70 eV energy. This energy is high enough to yield very reproducible mass spectra with a large number of fragments. However, these spectra frequently lack the radical type molecular ions (M+) due to the high internal energy transferred to the precursors [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Methods of Ion Generation
    Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 361−375 361 Methods of Ion Generation Marvin L. Vestal PE Biosystems, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 Received May 24, 2000 Contents I. Introduction 361 II. Atomic Ions 362 A. Thermal Ionization 362 B. Spark Source 362 C. Plasma Sources 362 D. Glow Discharge 362 E. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) 363 III. Molecular Ions from Volatile Samples. 364 A. Electron Ionization (EI) 364 B. Chemical Ionization (CI) 365 C. Photoionization (PI) 367 D. Field Ionization (FI) 367 IV. Molecular Ions from Nonvolatile Samples 367 Marvin L. Vestal received his B.S. and M.S. degrees, 1958 and 1960, A. Spray Techniques 367 respectively, in Engineering Sciences from Purdue Univesity, Layfayette, IN. In 1975 he received his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Physics from the B. Electrospray 367 University of Utah, Salt Lake City. From 1958 to 1960 he was a Scientist C. Desorption from Surfaces 369 at Johnston Laboratories, Inc., in Layfayette, IN. From 1960 to 1967 he D. High-Energy Particle Impact 369 became Senior Scientist at Johnston Laboratories, Inc., in Baltimore, MD. E. Low-Energy Particle Impact 370 From 1960 to 1962 he was a Graduate Student in the Department of Physics at John Hopkins University. From 1967 to 1970 he was Vice F. Low-Energy Impact with Liquid Surfaces 371 President at Scientific Research Instruments, Corp. in Baltimore, MD. From G. Flow FAB 371 1970 to 1975 he was a Graduate Student and Research Instructor at the H. Laser Ionization−MALDI 371 University of Utah, Salt Lake City. From 1976 to 1981 he became I.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction of Mass Spectrometry and Ambient Ionization Techniques
    1 1 Introduction of Mass Spectrometry and Ambient Ionization Techniques Yiyang Dong, Jiahui Liu, and Tianyang Guo College of Life Science & Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China 1.1 Evolution of Analytical Chemistry and Its Challenges in the Twenty-First Century The Chemical Revolution began in the eighteenth century, with the work of French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794) representing a fundamental watershed that separated the “modern chemistry” era from the “protochemistry” era (Figure 1.1). However, analytical chemistry, a subdiscipline of chemistry, is an ancient science and its metrological tools, basic applications, and analytical processes can be dated back to early recorded history [1]. In chronological spans covering ancient times, the middle ages, the era of the nineteenth century, and the three chemical revolutionary periods, analytical chemistry has successfully evolved from the verge of the nineteenth century to modern and contemporary times, characterized by its versatile traits and unprecedented challenges in the twenty-first century. Historically, analytical chemistry can be termed as the mother of chemistry, as the nature and the composition of materials are always needed to be iden- tified first for specific utilizations subsequently; therefore, the development of analytical chemistry has always been ahead of general chemistry [2]. During pre-Hellenistic times when chemistry did not exist as a science, various ana- lytical processes, for example, qualitative touchstone method and quantitative fire-assay or cupellation scheme have been in existence as routine quality control measures for the purpose of noble goods authentication and anti-counterfeiting practices. Because of the unavailability of archeological clues for origin tracing, the chemical balance and the weights, as stated in the earliest documents ever found, was supposed to have been used only by the Gods [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Electrification Ionization: Fundamentals and Applications
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 11-12-2019 Electrification Ionization: undamentalsF and Applications Bijay Kumar Banstola Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Banstola, Bijay Kumar, "Electrification Ionization: undamentalsF and Applications" (2019). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 5103. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/5103 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. ELECTRIFICATION IONIZATION: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Chemistry by Bijay Kumar Banstola B. Sc., Northwestern State University of Louisiana, 2011 December 2019 This dissertation is dedicated to my parents: Tikaram and Shova Banstola my wife: Laxmi Kandel ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my advisor Professor Kermit K. Murray, for his continuous support and guidance throughout my Ph.D. program. Without his unwavering guidance and continuous help and encouragement, I could not have completed this program. I am also thankful to my committee members, Professor Isiah M. Warner, Professor Kenneth Lopata, and Professor Shengli Chen. I thank Dr. Fabrizio Donnarumma for his assistance and valuable insights to overcome the hurdles throughout my program. I appreciate Miss Connie David and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Ion Sources
    Classification of Ion Sources R. Scrivens CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract In this chapter, the anatomy of an ion source is briefly described, as well as a few features of particle motion in electric and magnetic fields, and of particle dynamics and plasmas. Using this information, different types of ion sources are described, highlighting their main mode of operation. 1 Introduction The generation of ions for an ion source is based fundamentally on three main processes, which are i) electron impact ionization, ii) photo-induced ionization and iii) surface ionization. In addition to these, some other atomic and molecular processes can be the process leading to ion extraction, for example, charge exchange between ions and atoms, and molecular dissociation into atoms and ions. Ion sources have always been soundly rooted in the research arena, which has led to continual optimization of the design for each application type and results in an enormous array of ion source types (just a few of which are shown in Fig. 1). In this chapter we will journey through the main different types of ion source, dealing with the main physical processes required for each source to work. To do this, ion sources will be classified into the following general types: • electron bombardment, • d.c./pulsed plasma discharge, • radio-frequency (RF) discharge, • microwave and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), • laser driven, • surface and • charge exchange. Several excellent books on ion sources exist, but, for the most part, Bernhard Wolf’s book Handbook of Ion Sources [1] has been used as the main source of information for this chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold-Atom Ion Sources for Focused Ion Beam Applications
    276 Microsc. Microanal. 23 (Suppl 1), 2017 doi:10.1017/S1431927617002069 © Microscopy Society of America 2017 Cold-Atom Ion Sources for Focused Ion Beam Applications J.J. McClelland,1 W.R. McGehee,1 V.P. Oleshko,2 C.L. Soles,2 S. Takeuchi,3,4 O. Kirilov,3 D. Gundlach,3 E. Strelcov,1,5 N. Zhitenev,1 T. Michels,1,6 V.A. Aksyuk,1 A.V. Steele,7 A. Schwarzkopf,7 and B. Knuffman7 1Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, 2Material Measurement Laboratory, and 3Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA 4Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA 5Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 6Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilemnau, Germany 7zeroK NanoTech, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA While most ion sources for focused ion beam (FIB) applications rely on a very sharp tip to create high brightness, a new type of source has recently emerged which instead exploits the extremely cold temperatures attainable through laser cooling [1]. In these sources, the brightness arises not from localizing the ion emission to a nanometer-scale area on the surface of a tip, but rather through a dramatic reduction in the random transverse motion of the ions. Here, neutral atoms are cooled to temperatures in the microkelvin range, ionized via near-threshold photoionization, and extracted with a uniform electric field to form a highly collimated ion beam. The cooling process, which does not involve any cryogens, is based on scattering of near-resonant laser light tuned just below a sharp absorption resonance in the neutral atom, and can attain temperatures as low as 10 µK in some species.
    [Show full text]
  • EASY-ETD and EASY-IC Ion Sources User Guide for the Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer
    EASY-ETD and EASY-IC Ion Sources User Guide For the Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer 80000-97511 Revision A October 2013 © 2013 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. EASY-ETD and EASY-IC are trademarks, and Orbitrap, Orbitrap Fusion, Thermo Scientific, Tribrid, and Xcalibur are registered trademarks of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. in the United States. The following are registered trademarks in the United States and other countries: Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. The following are registered trademarks in the United States and possibly other countries: Sigma-Aldrich is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology LP. PEEK is a trademark of Victrex plc. PEEKsil is a trademark of SGE International Pty Ltd Corp. All other trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. provides this document to its customers with a product purchase to use in the product operation. This document is copyright protected and any reproduction of the whole or any part of this document is strictly prohibited, except with the written authorization of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. The contents of this document are subject to change without notice. All technical information in this document is for reference purposes only. System configurations and specifications in this document supersede all previous information received by the purchaser. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. makes no representations that this document is complete, accurate or error- free and assumes no responsibility and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, damage or loss that might result from any use of this document, even if the information in the document is followed properly.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrared Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Infrared laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: fundamental and applications Mark Little Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Little, Mark, "Infrared laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: fundamental and applications" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2690. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2690 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. INFRARED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Chemistry by Mark Little B.S., Wake Forest University, 1998 December 2006 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The popular quote, "L'enfer, c'est les autres" from an existential play by Jean-Paul Sartre is translated “Hell is other people”. I chose this quote because if it were not for all the “other people” in my life, I would be sitting on a beach right now sipping margaritas but I would not have my Ph.D. Therefore, I raise my salt covered glass to all my friends, family and colleagues for without their support this program of study would never been completed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Accutof™-DART® 4G: the Ambient Ionization Toolbox™
    The AccuTOF™-DART® 4G: The Ambient Ionization Toolbox™ Introduction JEOL introduced the AccuTOF-DART in 2005 as the first commercially available ambient ionization mass spectrometer system. The atmospheric pressure ionization interface (API) for the AccuTOF system, originally designed as a simple, rugged and reliable LC/MS interface, became the ideal platform for developing the Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) ion source. Because the DART ion source can be positioned directly in front of the AccuTOF sampling orifice without additional interface hardware, a variety of ambient ionization techniques are available to the AccuTOF-DART operator without removing the DART ion source. The third-generation AccuTOF-DART 4G system is an “ambient ionization toolbox” that allows the analyst to choose ionization methods that are best matched to the samples to be analyzed. DART The DART ion source can be operated on the AccuTOF-DART 4G in several different modes to provide complementary information about substances to be analyzed. Helium DART: moderately polar small molecules In positive-ion mode, helium DART[1] generally produces protonated molecules [M + H]+ for compounds with a basic site, a heteroatom, or a site of unsaturation. In negative-ion mode, helium DART produces deprotonated molecules [M – H]- for compounds such as carboxylic acids or phenols that have a labile proton. Samples are introduced directly into the DART gas stream. By heating the helium gas, DART can detect volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Compounds with a molecular weight below 1000 can generally be detected by helium DART. Some compounds with molecular weights in excess of 2000 can be detected if they are sufficiently volatile.
    [Show full text]
  • Ion Source Physics and Technology
    Ion source physics and technology Detlef Küchler CERN/BE/ABP/HSL INTRODUCTION What is an ion source? For an accelerator physicist an ion source is somewhere far away. It is a black box with three buttons: • On/Off • Particle type • Intensity What is an ion source? For an operator, if there is a problem, it must be the ion source! What is an ion source? For an ion source physicist an ion source is … athehis Christmaspiece dailysource of work art of present trouble What is an ion source? Definition (for primary beams) An ion source is a device to create a charged particle beam.beam. This definition is not perfect, but covers most of the cases. Particles in this context are ions, molecules and clusters. Why we have to create a charged particle beam? Ordinary matter is neutral. In an accelerator electric and magnetic fields are used to manipulate the beam (acceleration and transport). What does it mean “to create a particle beam”? + The ion source + • ionizes the particles + + • shapes a beam The main beam properties are defined at the source • charge state • beam intensity • beam energy • beam shape and emittance • time structure (continuous or pulsed) Classification of ion sources Ion sources can be classified by the the particle their mechanism of type application ion generation Classification by ion generation mechanism The ionization takes place by electron due to field in a plasma bombardment ionization due to laser due to charge on a surface irradiation transfer The list is not complete. Classification by particle type Ion sources for positive molecular polarized ions ions ions negative cluster ions The list is not complete.
    [Show full text]