International Roaming BEREC Benchmark Data Report April – September 2016

BoR (17) 102

1June 2017 BoR (17) 102

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 3 2. Regulatory evolution ...... 4 3. Methodology for the data collection ...... 6 4. Main Findings ...... 9 5. Charts ...... 13 5.1. Domestic services - ARRPU and consumption patterns ...... 14 5.1.1. Average Retail Revenue per User (ARRPU) ...... 14 5.1.2. Consumption patterns for domestic retail services ...... 16

5.2. The development of Roaming Services ...... 21 5.2.1. Voice roaming services ...... 21

5.2.1.1 RoW retail prices ...... 21 5.2.1.2 Wholesale prices ...... 24 5.2.1.3 Consumption patterns ...... 34 5.2.2. SMS roaming services ...... 47

5.2.2.1 RoW retail prices ...... 47 5.2.2.2 Wholesale prices ...... 49 5.2.2.3 Consumption patterns ...... 58 5.2.3. Data roaming services ...... 65

5.2.3.1 RoW retail prices ...... 65 5.2.3.2 Wholesale prices ...... 67 5.2.3.3 Consumption patterns ...... 77 5.3. Wholesale roaming (outbound): Agreements applying Article 3 of the Roaming Regulation ...... 83

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1. Introduction

This BEREC Benchmark Report on International Roaming (the “Report”) presents the results of the 18th round of data collection on European international roaming services undertaken by the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). The Report covers the period 1 April - 30 September 2016, i.e. the 2nd and 3rd quarter 2016. The Report also includes data from previous rounds of data collection conducted by BEREC and its predecessor, the European Regulators Group (ERG), to provide context for the current figures. The earliest data is from the 2nd quarter 2007, when the Roaming Regulation was about to enter into force.

The applicable regulatory framework for this data collection is Roaming Regulation (EU) No. 531/2012, as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 2120/20151, applied in the European Union (EU)2, which includes new requirements for the retail and wholesale regulated tariffs for voice, SMS and data roaming. For the 18th Benchmarking exercise, significant changes were made to meet these new requirements. This was considered necessary, as the TSM Regulation incorporates substantial changes to the Roaming Regulation, which leads to the new roaming regime. In addition, according to Article 19 paragraph (4) of the Roaming Regulation (EU) No. 531/2012 as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 2120/2015, BEREC is obliged to regularly collect data from national regulatory authorities (NRAs) on the development of retail and wholesale charges for regulated voice, SMS and data roaming services. Those data are used to assess the competitive developments in the Union-wide roaming markets and are notified to the Commission at least twice a year. Furthermore, there is a new requirement for BEREC to report regularly on the evolution of pricing and consumption patterns in the Member States for both domestic and roaming services and the evolution of actual wholesale roaming rates for unbalanced traffic between roaming providers.

BEREC is coordinating this process of data collection by pursuing the following objectives:

 simplifying the process not only for NRAs as BEREC acts as a central point for the data collection, but also for the Commission, as the data are received from a single source and following uniform data processing;

 coordinating the procedures of individual NRAs, as the data collection exercise uses a single and commonly agreed data collection model, and the process is synchronised and based on the same collection periods. BEREC consults the market players and the Commission before finalising the data collection templates;

 providing, as far as possible, a common response to the different questions posed during the collection process by operators and NRAs, as BEREC serves as the forum where these questions are commonly debated and addressed.

1 Regulation (EU) No. 2120/2015, hereinafter ‘TSM Regulation‘, available at: http://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015R2120 2 The amendments where incorporated in the EEA agreement 29 April 2016, but did not enter into force for the EEA/EFTA countries Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland since the three countries had made reservations for approval by their respective Parliaments. However, in Norway the Electronic Communications Regulation was changed, and the amendments entered into force 1 June 2016

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2. Regulatory evolution

The ERG initially worked on the long-standing issue of high prices for international roaming services. Following its creation in January 2010, BEREC took over responsibility for this work from ERG.

The 2007 Regulation

In 2005, ERG undertook a study on international roaming that concluded that the EC Regulatory Framework did not provide the necessary tool-kit for NRAs to tackle the problems identified. ERG wrote to the Commission in December 2005 highlighting its concerns.

After significant debate, the first Regulation on international roaming services was published on 29 June 2007. The primary provisions capped wholesale and retail charges for voice calls under Eurotariff and set a number of transparency provisions to help to ensure that consumers were well informed. The provisions of the Regulation entered into force at different times, with retail and transparency provisions taking full effect by the end of September 2007 and wholesale provisions calculated annually from the end of August 20073.

The 2009 amended Regulation

On 7 May 2008, the Commission launched a public consultation on the functioning of the 2007 Regulation. ERG’s views expressed in response to the consultation were substantially reflected in the Commission’s legislative proposals,4 published on 23 September 2008, to extend the 2007 Regulation in duration and scope.

On 22 April 2009, the European Parliament adopted Regulation (EC) No. 544/2009 at first reading, with a view to amending Regulation (EC) No. 717/2007. Subsequently, on 8 June 2009, the Council of EU Telecoms Ministers formally adopted the new EU roaming rules approved by the European Parliament. The definitive text of Regulation (EC) No. 544/2009 was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 29 June 20095,6.

In particular, the Regulation introduced the following measures related to price control, applicable from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2012:

 an extension of wholesale and retail price regulation for voice services, with yearly decreases in the levels of the caps;

 price regulation of SMS roaming services at both the wholesale and retail level;

 price regulation of data roaming services at the wholesale level.

And from July 2010 to June 2012:

3 In Norway and Iceland the 2007 Regulation was in force from the end of 2007 to the 2nd quarter 2010. 4 http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/roaming/docs/regulation/reg_en.pdf 5 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:167:0012:0023:EN:PDF 6 From the 3rd quarter 2009 to the 1st quarter 2010, Regulation 544/2009 applied in the EU while the first Roaming Regulation (EC) No. 717/2007 remained in force in Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, with slightly higher voice caps, no SMS caps and no wholesale data cap.

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 retail transparency measures to protect consumers from “bill shock” when data roaming.

The 2012 Regulation

On 29 June 2010, the Commission published an interim report7 on the functioning of the 2009 Regulation. The Commission’s Digital Agenda for Europe8 also included a target for roaming, where ‘the difference between roaming and national tariffs should approach zero by 2015’.

In accordance with the 2009 Regulation, BEREC provided advice to the Commission on the functioning of the Regulation and future regulatory options in its December 2010 Report9, supplemented by its February 2011 response to the Commission’s public consultation10.

The Commission then published a full review of the functioning of the Regulation and legislative proposals for a new Regulation in July 201111.

On 30 May 2012 the Council of the European Union approved the International Roaming Regulation III12, which entered into force on 1 July 201213.

The Regulation introduced the following measures, applicable from 1 July 2012:

 an extension of wholesale and retail price regulation for voice and SMS with yearly decreases in the levels of the caps until 30 June 2014 with those caps to remain in force until 30 June 2022 for wholesale services, and until 30 June 2017 for the Eurotariffs, subject to a further review by 30 June 2016;

 an extension of wholesale price regulation for data with yearly decreases in the levels of the caps until 30 June 2014 with those caps to remain in force until 30 June 2022;

 price regulation of data roaming services at the retail level with a yearly decrease in the level of the cap until 30 June 2014 with the cap to remain in force until 30 June 2017, being subject to a further review by 30 June 2016;

 the obligation for MNOs to meet all reasonable requests for wholesale roaming access, which comprises direct wholesale roaming access and wholesale roaming resale access under the rules set out in the Roaming Regulation. The Regulation also included provisions on the separate sale of roaming services which entered into force on 1 July 2014.

The 2012 Regulation as amended by Regulation (EU) No. 2120/2015

On 3 April 2014, the European Parliament (EP) took up the position, within the framework of the procedure for the adoption of a Regulation for a European Single Market for Electronic

7 http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/roaming/docs/interim_report2010.pdf 8 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0245:FIN:EN:PDF 9 http://erg.eu.int/doc/berec/bor_10_58.pdf 10http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/roaming/docs/cons11/Berec.pdf 11http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/roaming/index_en.htm 12http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:172:0010:0035:EN:PDF 13 With regard to the EEA EFTA countries, it must be noted that the Roaming Regulation applies in these countries as from 7 December (Norway and Liechtenstein) and 21 December (Iceland) 2012.

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Communications (TSM Regulation), to abolish retail roaming surcharges in order to allow customers to “Roam Like at Home” (RLAH) with a fair use limit.

Regulation (EU) No. 2015/212014, adopted by the European Parliament on 27 October 2015 and published in the Official Journal of 26 November 2015, includes amendments to Roaming Regulation No. 531/201215, the main one being the principle of Roam-Like-At-Home, i.e. requiring roaming providers not to levy any surcharge in addition to the domestic retail price on roaming customers as of 15 June 2017 (RLAH tariffs). But the Roaming Regulation allows providers to add a surcharge for regulated roaming services in addition to the domestic price during the transitional period (30 April until 14 June 2017). Furthermore, similar to the provisions set out in the third Roaming Regulation, roaming providers can also offer alternative roaming tariffs as an alternative to RLAH and RLAH+16 and customers may deliberately choose those alternative tariffs.

The amendments to the Roaming Regulation resulted in an update of the BEREC Benchmark Report and the current Report includes RLAH, RLAH+, fixed period tariffs and alternative tariffs offered by operators. 3. Methodology for the data collection

Because of the broad scope and complexity of the new requirements stemming from the TSM Regulation, new key indicators have been developed for the data collection. In addition, while the results are derived from the same questionnaire, the methodology used for some data from these new key indicators can differ between countries for a number of reasons, particularly relevant are the following:

 Differences in the methods used by operators to allocate volumes for the different roaming services. For instance, complex tariff structures in which different roaming plans apply (for example after exceeding roaming limits, the user is automatically switched to a different roaming tariff plan) can affect the interpretation of the results since there is not an harmonized methodology among operators for allocating the volumes between the different types of services (RLAH, RLAH+, fixed periodic tariffs and/or alternative tariffs).

 Difficulties in estimating the actual revenues for the roaming services. Most of the operators provide domestic bundled services and it is therefore difficult i) to estimate how much of the bundle the user used for roaming services and ii) to allocate revenues to the domestic individual services (e.g.: fixed voice, mobile, internet, TV). Therefore, in the report all revenues resulting from bundled services are allocated to domestic services regardless of whether the service is provided in the domestic network or in a visited network.

Therefore, the results presented in the Report should be read with the aforementioned caveats in mind and taking into account the operators’ problems with data reporting. The development of a proper methodology to present comparable characteristics of EU/EEA international

14 Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015R2120 15 Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32012R0531 16 RLAH + allows the roaming provider to apply a surcharge in addition to the domestic retail price during the transitional period (from 30 April 2016 until 14 June 2017)

6 BoR (17) 102 roaming markets is work in progress. Due to the revision of the methodology it may be necessary to revise the current data collection and therefore this report.

The assessment of the international roaming market was based on the requirements set out in Article 19 (4) of the Roaming Regulation. In order to assess the competitive developments in the Union-wide roaming markets, BEREC has to regularly collect data from national regulatory authorities on the development of retail and wholesale charges for regulated voice, SMS and data roaming services. On the basis of the collected data, BEREC also has to report regularly on the evolution of pricing and consumption patterns in the Member States for both domestic and roaming services and the evolution of actual wholesale roaming rates for unbalanced traffic between roaming providers.

While the changes to the Roaming Regulation refer to the RLAH regime, these requirements are applicable from 17 June 2017 and the current Report includes RLAH tariffs offered by the operators prior to the date set out in the Roaming Regulation. In this context, it is necessary to underline that the RLAH offers may include different restrictions or ‘add-ons’. BEREC notes that there is much variation in how such offers are provided which resulted in monitoring general consumption patterns. A further assessment of RLAH tariffs within the Roaming Regulation framework will be considered in the future BEREC Reports.

Legislative amendments were also made to address the transitional period from 30 April 2016 until 14 June 2017. Article 6f (2) of the Roaming Regulation allows providers to add a surcharge for regulated roaming services in addition to the domestic price during the transitional period (RLAH+ tariffs). Where a roaming provider applies a surcharge for the consumption of regulated retail roaming services, the sum of the domestic retail price and any surcharge applied must not exceed the price cap set out in Article 6e (1) (b). For calls received, which are not charged domestically, Article 6e (1) (c) provides that any surcharge applied shall not exceed the weighted average of the maximum mobile termination rates set out in the Implementing Act17. For calls made, SMS sent and data used, Article 6e (1) (a) provides that any surcharge must not exceed the wholesale caps, which are currently 5 cents per minute, 2 cents per SMS and 5 cents per MB respectively18. Due to the complexity of such tariffs and operators reporting capabilities, the current BEREC Benchmark Report includes an assessment of RLAH+ tariffs with respect to consumption patterns.

The Roaming Regulation allows tariff packages which provide roaming customers with a per diem, or any other fixed periodic roaming charge (hereinafter "fixed periodic roaming tariff") and which contain a certain volume of regulated roaming services (Article 6e (1), subparagraph 4). Therefore, operators can offer fixed periodic roaming tariffs with a volume allowance as an option to their customers during the transitional period in addition to the regulated roaming tariffs. This means that these fixed periodic roaming tariffs cannot be the only tariff option available to roaming customers. A fixed periodic roaming tariff complies with Article 6e (1) Roaming Regulation - and should not be treated as an alternative tariff pursuant to Article 6e (3) - on condition that the consumption of the full amount of that volume leads to a unit price for regulated roaming calls made, calls received, SMS messages sent and data roaming services which does not exceed the sum of the domestic retail price and the maximum

17 Pursuant to Regulation (EU) No. 531/2012 the Commission is to review the weighted average of maximum mobile termination rates across the Union annually, available at: http://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2015.331.01.0007.01.ENG 18 The prices do not include VAT.

7 BoR (17) 102 applicable surcharge as set out in 6e (1) first subparagraph. Fixed periodic roaming tariffs are sometimes linked to other roaming tariff plans (for example after the caps of the domestic FUP are reached, the value of the roaming price is a daily tariff). As different tariffs are applied this results in some operators having problems to split traffic and revenues between roaming tariff plans. Due to this fact, this Report assesses the consumption patterns related to the fixed periodic tariffs.

BEREC also has to report about the evolution of actual wholesale roaming rates for unbalanced traffic between roaming providers. This requirement is also reflected in the current BEREC Benchmark Report.

Furthermore, BEREC also reports about the evolution of pricing and consumption patterns in the Member States for domestic services. The BEREC Benchmark Report was also changed in view of this requirement.

Over 184 providers of international roaming services provided information for this Report. This number includes virtually all of the mobile network operators in the EU and in Norway, as well as a significant number of MVNOs that provide EEA roaming services. BEREC estimates that this covers around 95% of EU consumers using international roaming services today.

Considering the aforementioned difficulties in obtaining reliable data, for some indicators, there is a limited number of countries which have opted for not supplying the data relative to those indicators. This is not at all unusual for a comprehensive data collection of this type. In most cases the NRA was able to work with the company to resolve or alleviate the problem. In other cases, where system upgrades are necessary to comply with the new format of the data collection, the operator was asked to provide the best possible estimate currently available and to complete upgrades in time to provide high quality data for the next data collection. Some NRAs expressed major data quality challenges at the national operators’ level as well as the use of different reporting systems by operators. In this context, the terminology for some elements of the questionnaire will be clarified in order to allow operators to make the necessary changes in the reporting systems19.

At the wholesale level, operators often receive discounts based on variables like volume of traffic, calculated at the end of a 12-month period. When providing data for these reports, operators may estimate the effect of such discounts on data for each quarter. Because the actual discount may vary from the estimate, there may be an apparently ‘anomalous’ result for the quarter when the discount is actually applied. This should be kept in mind when comparing wholesale figures for different quarters in the same year.

In a few cases the number of operators changed, which may cause an apparent change in prices between quarters. This can also lead to strong volume changes.

When wholesale prices are above the price caps, in most cases the reason is that the average price to comply with the Regulation is the annual price and not a quarterly one, and in such

19 ANACOM took the option not to ask the operators to adapt their systems before a common set of consistent assumptions is defined to be applied in all the countries for allocating revenues to roaming services and to mobiles domestic services and to allocate volumes for the different roaming tariff types. UK were unable to provide data for some specific indicators due to the impact of the changes in the request form. The missing wholesale data will be verified during the next data collection.

8 BoR (17) 102 cases some quarters compensate for others. Another reason may also be inaccuracies in reporting for the data collection itself.

For ease of comparison, the Euro is used throughout this Report. Within the EEA, currency fluctuations between the Euro and other national currencies are likely to have affected the average prices reported for EEA countries outside the Euro zone.

All retail prices included in the charts below exclude VAT. They are an average of prices paid by postpaid and prepaid tariff plan customers. All averages are based on billed minutes of voice calls or billed megabytes of data, unless expressly stated otherwise.

With regard to wholesale roaming resale access according to Article 3 (4) of the Roaming Regulation, MNOs may charge fair and reasonable prices for components not covered by para. 3. Thus prices may be higher than the price caps given in Article 7 (1). Some data also include volumes and tariffs coming from roaming in non-EU countries in Europe. It should also be noted that the average wholesale roaming voice tariff for agreements applying Article 3 of the Roaming Regulation might be above the cap because the calculation is based on actual minutes (the Regulation permits to invoice 30 seconds for calls that are shorter).

The EU Roaming Regulation also applies to the EEA EFTA States Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.

In addition, Switzerland contributed to the data collections, although the 2007, 2009 and 2012 Roaming Regulation is not applicable there20. 4. Main findings

The information gathered by BEREC continues to show a good level of compliance with the Roaming Regulation in EU Member States.

Wholesale rates

At the wholesale level, the voice, SMS and data roaming charges set between operators are in line with the declining regulated average caps. Some countries reported average prices slightly above the price caps.21

The applicable price caps and the related EEA average prices during the data collection period were:

Q2 2016 Q3 2016 Service at wholesale level (no VAT) EEA Price EEA Price Cap Average Cap Average Wholesale voice (€c/minute) 5 2.921 5 2.905 Wholesale SMS (€c/SMS) 2 0.919 2 0.868 Wholesale data (€c/MB) 5 0.961 5 0.954

20 Figures from Switzerland are excluded from both “EEA” and “EEA EFTA” averages. 21 The reasons for most such cases are explained in the Methodology chapter. Moreover, NRAs are monitoring compliance with the provisions of the Regulation to gather further information on possible reasons for reported prices that are higher than the caps. BEREC will keep monitoring this issue closely.

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Retail domestic prices (ARRPU)

BEREC has analysed the retail domestic prices and found that it is hard to disaggregate the different mobile communications services since they are often provided as part of a bundle. Operators are finding it difficult to organize their revenue data by individual service categories (ISCs), such as fixed telephony, mobile telephony, fixed broadband and others. Bundles challenge this practice as ISCs require allocating bundle revenues to their components. Therefore, BEREC examined the alternative of presenting data on the evolution of ARRPU. However, in the context of the BoR (16) 33 BEREC Report on the wholesale roaming market it was emphasized that the ARRPU depends on many different parameters (volumes, handset subsidies, sensitivity to the number of active SIM cards, etc.). In general, the ARRPU is quite a weak index for comparing domestic price levels. Further conclusions on price levels of mobile communications services can be made only by a thorough review of retail prices for mobile communications services. For the calculation of ARRPU, BEREC used the data submitted by operators22. The domestic monthly ARRPU for Q3 2016 varies considerably between the countries, ranging from € 1.286 per month to € 32.204 per month, with a weighted EEA average of € 8.697, see Figure 1. Disproportion between individual ARRPU´s could be caused by different methodologies used by operators.

Wholesale rates for calls made

At the wholesale level (Figures 10 -11), the EEA average Eurotariff was 2.921 Euro cents in Q2 2016 and 2.905 Euro cents in Q3 2016 compared to a cap of 5 Euro cents. The regulation has led to a constant reduction in the average EEA wholesale prices for intra-EEA roaming voice calls (Figure 12). BEREC also assessed also the prices for balanced and unbalanced traffic (Figure 8 – 9). The EEA average wholesale price for balanced traffic was 3.214 Euro cents during Q2 2016 and 3.130 Euro cents during Q3 2016. Meanwhile, the EEA average payments for unbalanced traffic were at 2.748 Euro cents during Q2 2016 and 2.841 Euro cents during Q3 2016.

Wholesale rates for SMS

At the wholesale level, the 2012 Regulation led to a reduction in the average EEA SMS price (Figures 30 - 35) to 0.919 Euro cents in Q2 2016 and 0.868 Euro cents in Q3 2016. In comparison, the EEA average price was 13.314 Euro cents in Q2 2009, before the 2009 Regulation came into force. The average price for the balanced traffic was 1.099 Euro cents in Q2 2016 and 1.102 Euro cents in Q3 2016. Over the same time, the average price for the unbalanced traffic was 0.790 Euro cents in Q2 2016 and 0.788 Euro cents in Q3 2016.

Wholesale rates for data

At the wholesale level, the average data cap of 5 Euro cents in Q2 2016 and Q3 2016 applies in the EEA under the 2012 Regulation. The EEA average price for wholesale data (Figures 47 - 48) fell to 0.961 Euro cents per MB in Q2 2016 and 0.954 Euro cents per MB in Q3 2016, compared to € 1.812 Euro cents and € 1.690 Euro Cents in Q2 2015 and Q3 2015. In the

22 The monthly ARRPU was calculated per country by dividing retail revenues (i.e total revenues related to mobile voice, SMS and data traffic. Any other type of revenue, such as those originating from mobile devices, subscription fees to services etc. are not included) in the respective quarters with the total number of domestic and roaming subscribers per country within the same period and dividing it by 3.

10 BoR (17) 102 context of the wholesale inbound roaming costs, the EEA average cost of handling the balanced traffic was 1.259 Euro Cents per MB in Q2 2016 and 1.233 Euro Cents per MB in Q3 2016, whereas the EEA average price for handling the extra traffic was € 0.869 Euro Cents per MB in Q2 2016 and € 0.892 Euro Cents per MB in Q3 2016 (Figures 45 – 46).

Wholesale agreements (Article 3)

In the case of wholesale agreements based on Article 3 of the Roaming Regulation, only some operators submitted these data. BEREC’s International Roaming Compliance Report23 showed that operators negotiated roaming services at the wholesale level individually and that the provision of such services was based on commercial agreements. Some light MVNOs as well as resellers stated that these services continued to be provided on the basis of the existing contracts with national host MNOs.

Rest of the world (RoW) retail prices

With regard to ‘Rest of World’ retail voice roaming calls (Figures 6 - 7), the EEA average RoW tariff for calls made was 61.149 Euro cents in Q2 2016 and 58.025 Euro cents in Q3 2016. The EEA average prices for calls received are given in Figure 7. Receiving calls when roaming outside the EEA area cost 35.968 Euro cents in Q2 2016 and 26.473 Euro cents in Q3 2106. At the same time, data from the operators reveals that the average price for data consumption outside EEA (Figure 44) cost 34.340 Euro cents per MB in Q2 2016 and 23.422 Euro cents per MB in Q3 2016.

EEA roaming consumption patterns

In respect of EEA volumes of voice, SMS and data roaming services (Figures 21 - 22, 27 – 28, 42 – 43 and 58-59), one particular issue stands out which is the significant difference between these services. While volumes for voice and SMS services show a minimal or small increase from 2012 (1.5 times for calls made, 1.6 times for calls received and 0.8 times for SMS sent comparing Q3 2015 and Q3 2012), data service volumes increased up to around 17.8 times in Q3 2016 compared to Q3 2012 corresponding quarters24.

The data shows that the consumption patterns and the used roaming tariff plans vary significantly between Member States (Figure 17 – 19). The minutes generated under RLAH+ tariffs account for the majority of voice traffic. Nevertheless customers opted for the RLAH tariffs and in Q3 2015, 29.00 % of minutes of calls made and 18.10 % of minutes of calls received were generated by subscribers of RLAH tariffs (Figures 17-18 and 23 - 24). For text messages sent while roaming within EEA countries. RLAH tariffs accounted for 33.75 % of the total volume in Q3 2016 (Figures 38-39). There is a significantly different trend in the case of data roaming services. In Q3 2015 around 41.92 % of data traffic was based on the RLAH

23 BEREC International Roaming Compliance Report (Regulation (EU) No 531/512 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2012 on roaming), the link: http://berec.europa.eu/eng/document_register/subject_matter/berec/reports/1482-berec-international- roaming-compliance-report-regulation-eu-no-531512-of-the-european-parliament-and-of-the-council- of-13-june-2012-on-roaming 24 It should be noted that the results displayed in the charts might take into account values from a different number of operators that submitted data in the relevant quarters. In this Report Croatia is also included which could affect total volumes as well.

11 BoR (17) 102 data tariff while roaming (Figures 54-55)25. However, these results must be analysed with considerable caution due to the difficulties to split roaming traffic related to the tariff plans introduced under the new roaming regime (as explained in the Methodology chapter).

The average number of roaming call minutes, SMS and data consumption are given in Figures 20, 26, 41, 57. The average EEA subscriber spent only 8.8 minutes per month calling other mobile users in Q3 2016. The number of received call minutes for subscribers abroad amounted to 9.5 minutes per EEA average roaming subscriber per month in Q3 2016. Data roaming sessions ranged from 8 to 342 Megabyte per roaming subscriber per month. It should be noted that these figures include business traffic.

25 It must be noted that not all countries provided data for prepaid or postpaid alternative tariffs and care should be taken when comparing percentages with voice and SMS services.

12 BEREC CN (17) 33

5. Charts

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5.1. Domestic services - ARRPU and consumption patterns

5.1.1. Average Retail Revenue per User (ARRPU)

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Figure 1: Domestic service: monthly retail revenue per subscriber (ARRPU) (prepaid+ postpaid)

32,752 32,204

25 23,982 23,405

18,622

18,307

18,019

17,969

16,331

Euro

14,541

14,495 14,401

15 14,067

13,621

13,391

13,279

13,266

13,095

12,362

12,245

12,159

12,156

10,613

10,572

10,520

10,392

10,329

10,186

9,393

9,264 8,944

10 8,821

8,697

8,596

8,332

8,185

6,668

6,657

6,652

6,621

5,009

4,771

4,212

4,173

4,118

4,072

4,022 4,023 3,933

5 3,873

3,485

3,330

2,167

2,157

1,333

1,312

1,286 1,274

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Iceland, Portugal, UK

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5.1.2. Consumption patterns for domestic retail services

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Figure 2: domestic calls made Average number of minutes per month per subscriber (prepaid+ postpaid) Q2 and Q3 2016

250

216,266

208,295

204,907

202,915

201,936

199,571 192,876

200 192,746

186,010

184,587

180,640

179,465

166,149

160,775

159,719

158,747

157,063

155,621

154,108

154,069

153,831

153,723

153,268

151,884

148,810 142,968

150 141,242

138,121

134,501

132,479

131,232

130,156

126,523

125,120

120,631

118,538

118,017

116,956

116,096

113,155

112,898

110,861

108,246

107,061

105,739

105,079

104,694

103,326

102,078

98,818

95,238 92,002

100 91,970

84,753

61,291

56,912

48,797

47,605 47,439 50 45,828

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Iceland, UK

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Figure 3: domestic calls received Average number of minutes per month per subscriber (prepaid+ postpaid) Q2 and Q3 2016

250

212,132 203,126

200

186,262 170,990

150 145,906

137,231

136,763

128,004

126,501

125,656

124,714

121,780

121,744

118,309

117,125

115,165

115,019

114,668

113,393

108,582

107,496

107,439

106,933

105,690

103,686

102,945

100,411

99,729

99,465

98,752

97,532

97,318

92,168

91,930 91,728

100 91,680

88,400

88,074

85,645

84,357

75,989

71,336

69,345

68,255

67,885

61,428

54,562

51,022

42,548 41,573

50 41,379

40,245

36,726

35,089

34,986

34,332

29,146

28,760

14,547 11,785

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Iceland, UK

18 BoR (17) 102

Figure 4: domestic SMS Average number of SMS per month per subscriber (prepaid+ postpaid) Q2 and Q3 2016

200 181,126

180 162,038

160 140,371

140 135,873

120 113,402

108,640 103,028

100 94,398

85,720

85,036

84,514

84,402

84,251

83,799

80,957

78,603

78,461

76,540

75,413

74,088 73,882

80 73,485

59,602

59,239

56,795

53,491 53,264

60 53,011

52,019

51,372

50,811

50,181

48,235

47,911

45,465

44,623 38,779

40 36,374

26,472

25,334

20,688

19,642

18,428

17,915

16,266 14,893

20 13,223

11,963

11,745

11,737

8,825

8,815

8,548

6,819

3,611

3,436

2,634 2,513 0

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Iceland, Spain, UK

19 BoR (17) 102

Figure 5: domestic data services Average consumption per subscriber per month (Gb, prepaid+ postpaid) Q2 and Q3 2016 10

9 8,809

8 7,720

4,554 3,915

4 3,654

3,558

3,225

3,186 3,126

3 2,741

1,995

1,881

1,838 1,795

2 1,651

1,552

1,349

1,258

1,153

1,142

1,055

1,030

0,984

0,964

0,938

0,874

0,833

0,826

0,773

0,772

0,748

0,728

0,701

0,691 0,683

1 0,652

0,640

0,584

0,561

0,557

0,555

0,535

0,522

0,503

0,492

0,482

0,476

0,436

0,419

0,411

0,401

0,400

0,398

0,346

0,340

0,330

0,250 0,172 0

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Iceland, Sweden, UK

20 BoR (17) 102

5.2. The development of Roaming Services

5.2.1. Voice roaming services

5.2.1.1 RoW retail prices

21 BoR (17) 102

Figure 6: RoW Average retail price per minute for RoW roaming voice calls made (billed minutes, prepaid+ postpaid) Q2 and Q3 2016 350

300 291,209 eurocents

250

200

175,497

171,486

168,622

164,665

142,155 137,570

150 135,957

131,302

127,541

113,977

110,767

109,473

101,281

99,533

91,458

90,801 89,474

100 88,344

84,443

77,129

72,701

66,201

64,464

63,386

63,093

63,063

61,149

58,025

54,697

52,238

46,318

45,080 44,465

50 43,953

32,859

31,451 30,349

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Cyprus, Estonia, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden, UK

22 BoR (17) 102

Figure 7: RoW Average retail price per minute for RoW roaming voice calls received (billed minutes, prepaid+ postpaid) Q2 and Q3 2016

180 160,849

160 eurocents

140 138,297 130,339

120

100 95,647

86,071

83,503

79,375 77,452

80 73,624

69,479

67,479

66,393

65,326

62,960

61,769

57,144 55,338

60 53,330

52,015

49,866

49,515

47,386

47,333

47,263

40,547 36,911

40 35,968

29,455

28,293

26,473

26,240

25,530 15,929

20 14,730

12,242

8,946

7,935 5,733

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Cyprus, Estonia, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden, UK

23 BoR (17) 102

5.2.1.2 Wholesale prices

24 BoR (17) 102

Figure 8: Average wholesale price per minute for intra EEA roaming voice calls: charges for balanced and unbalanced traffic (wholesale roaming inbound) Q2 2016

12 10,126

10 eurocents

8 6,801

5,036

4,789

4,488

4,414

4,331

4,268

4,247

4,171

4,010

3,990

3,976

3,902

3,837

3,747

3,671

3,656

3,621

3,566

3,557

3,552 3,497

4 3,472

3,425

3,402

3,363

3,321

3,316

3,295

3,220

3,214

3,135

3,103

3,094

2,980

2,940

2,890

2,841

2,748

2,674

2,497

2,354

2,285

2,091

2,008

1,992 1,933

2 1,622

1,140 0,183 0

balanced traffic Q2'16 unbalanced Q2'16

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Cyprus: statistics on revenues have been stated by the providers as received and not as billed therefore revenue received corresponding to other periods with higher rates might be included in the data reported, Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016, Ireland, Italy, Portugal: estimates are based on data from different number of operators than estimates in Figure 10 and 11, EEA average (balanced traffic) excludes Cyprus, France, Iceland, UK EEA average (unbalanced traffic) excludes Cyprus, France, Iceland, UK

25 BoR (17) 102

Figure 9: Average wholesale price per minute for intra EEA roaming voice calls: charges for balanced and unbalanced traffic (wholesale roaming inbound) Q3 2016

12 10,412

eurocents 8,999

5,081

4,966

4,903

4,479

4,440

4,357

4,089

4,037

4,012

3,956

3,852

3,730

3,713

3,680

3,589

3,577 3,565

4 3,494

3,405

3,330

3,309

3,284

3,274

3,190

3,144

3,130

3,032

3,018

3,006

2,968

2,964

2,922

2,908

2,877

2,841

2,748

2,612

2,608

2,578

2,391

2,291

2,149

1,874

1,739 1,625

2 1,584

0,907 0,664

balanced traffic Q3'16 unbalanced Q3'16

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Cyprus: statistics on revenues have been stated by the providers as received and not as billed therefore revenue received corresponding to other periods with higher rates might be included in the data reported, Ireland, Italy, Portugal: estimates are based on data from different number of operators than estimates in Figure 10 and 11 EEA average (balanced traffic) excludes Cyprus, France, Iceland, UK EEA average (unbalanced traffic) excludes Cyprus, France, Iceland, Norway, UK

26 BoR (17) 102

Figure 10: Total wholesale traffic (wholesale roaming inbound) Average wholesale price per minute for intra EEA roaming voice calls Q2 2016

12 10,001

10 9,579 eurocents

6 5,453

5,036

5,034

4,772

4,763

4,711

4,661

4,618

4,561

4,464

4,458

4,431

4,372

4,369

4,354

4,327

4,268

4,108

4,094

3,967

3,931

3,895

3,871

3,860

3,859

3,846

3,816

3,783

3,743

3,723

3,709

3,667

3,656

3,604

3,595

3,557

3,545

3,517 3,468

4 3,442

3,388

3,305

3,296

3,295

3,254

3,165

3,139

2,923

2,921

2,826 2,827

2,807

2,802

2,685

2,534

2,532

2,419

2,414

1,956 1,708 2 1,622

Q2'15 Q2'16 Price cap

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Cyprus: statistics on revenues have been stated by the providers as received and not as billed therefore revenue received corresponding to other periods with higher rates might be included in the data reported, Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016, Ireland, Italy, Portugal: estimates are based on data from different number of operators than estimates in Figure 8 and 9 EEA average (Q2 2016) excludes Cyprus, Iceland, Luxembourg

27 BoR (17) 102

Figure 11: Total traffic (wholesale roaming inbound) Average wholesale price per minute for intra EEA roaming voice calls Q3 2016

12 10,049

10 eurocents

5,256

5,081

5,004

4,779

4,761

4,756

4,746

4,733

4,621

4,479

4,440

4,395

4,390

4,345

4,304

4,212

4,162

4,050

4,014

3,865

3,834

3,822

3,804

3,756

3,744

3,739

3,732

3,637

3,610 3,610

3,604

3,589

3,570

3,565

3,528

3,494 3,451

4 3,435

3,391

3,387

3,296

3,288

3,280

3,274

3,208

3,185

3,161

3,117

3,028

2,999

2,955

2,905

2,820

2,673

2,665

2,317

2,236

2,126

2,086

1,959 1,700 2 1,584

Q3'15 Q3'16 Price cap

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Cyprus: statistics on revenues have been stated by the providers as received and not as billed therefore revenue received corresponding to other periods with higher rates might be included in the data reported, Ireland, Italy, Portugal: estimates are based on data from different number of operators than estimates in Figure 8 and 9 EEA average (Q3 2016) excludes Cyprus, Iceland

28 BoR (17) 102

Figure 12: EEA average wholesale price per minute for wholesale roaming voice calls

60 eurocents

46,188 39,331 40

30 27,715

25,035

24,914

24,508

23,988

22,513

22,337

22,256

21,560

21,152

21,046

19,681

19,624 18,251

20 18,241

17,173

16,797

14,986

14,865

12,928

12,706

11,225

10,339

9,297 8,976

6,693

6,348

4,980

4,782

3,743

3,715

3,686

3,565

3,214

2,921 2,905

0 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 ' Q4 ' Q1 Q2 Q3 '07 '07 '07 '08 '08 '08 '08 '09 '09 '09 '09 '10 '10 '10 '10 '11 '11 '11 '11 '12 '12 '12 '12 '13 '13 '13 '13 '14 '14 '14 '14 '15 '15 15 15 '16 '16 '16

wholesale voice averages Price cap

29 BoR (17) 102

Figure 13: Average wholesale price per minute in Q2 and Q3 2016 (prepaid+postpaid) RoW traffic 100

86,357 eurocents

80 76,889

70 66,399

60 59,165

45,632

43,421

43,261 43,117

35,574

32,813

32,412

31,674

31,566

30,794 29,876

26,280

24,072

22,344

22,291

22,086

21,910

21,361

19,374

19,240

19,103

19,087

19,070

18,909

18,650

18,002

17,988

17,965 17,522

20 17,515

16,408

15,253

15,013

14,821

14,598

14,376

14,316

14,298

14,135

14,062

14,052

13,834

13,743

12,984

12,656

12,537

12,166

10,917

10,075

9,961 9,287

10 9,136

5,767

5,081

2,442

2,324

0,595 0,557 0

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

30 BoR (17) 102

Figure 14: EEA and RoW average wholesale price per minute 16

14,376 eurocents 14 12,984

4 3,214 3,130 2,921 2,748 2,905 2,841

0 Q2 2016 Q3 2016

RoW traffic balanced traffic total traffic unbalanced traffic

31 BoR (17) 102

Figure 15: Wholesale roaming inbound Proportion of balanced/unbalanced traffic within EEA countries Q2 2016

100% 0,95% 2,70% 11,45% 90% 17,62% 23,18%23,90% 31,28% 29,19% 31,63% 31,72% 29,39% 29,60% 30,44% 80% 42,62% 46,28% 46,77% 51,16% 70% 58,05% 51,23% 67,49% 75,76% 60% 77,04% 100,00%

50% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 99,05% 100,00% 97,30% 100,00% 88,55% 69,56% 40% 82,38% 76,82%76,10% 70,81% 68,37% 68,28% 70,61% 68,72% 70,40% 30% 57,38% 53,72% 53,23% 48,77% 48,84% 20% 41,95% 32,51% 24,24% 10% 22,96%

balanced traffic unbalanced traffic

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Italy: Operators reported that the splitting balanced/unbalanced traffic has been estimated and no accounting/certified information is available. Portugal: estimates are based on partial information provided by two operators, Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016, EEA excludes Czech Republic, France, Iceland, UK

32 BoR (17) 102

Figure 16:Wholesale roaming inbound Proportion of balanced/unbalanced traffic within EEA countries Q3 2016 100% 2,37% 3,07% 4,61% 4,79%

90% 18,00% 24,78% 21,73% 29,72% 26,94% 35,02% 36,58% 80% 41,61% 40,35% 39,72%40,27% 42,60% 44,90% 46,13% 44,53% 52,38% 70% 73,88% 60% 79,24% 100,00% 91,29% 50% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 97,63% 96,93% 95,39% 95,21%

40% 82,00% 75,22% 70,28% 78,27% 73,06% 64,98% 55,10% 63,42% 30% 58,39% 59,65% 60,28%59,73% 57,40% 53,87% 55,47% 47,62% 20% 26,12% 10% 20,76% 8,71% 0%

balanced traffic unbalanced traffic

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Italy: Operators reported that the splitting balanced/unbalanced traffic has been estimated and no accounting/certified information is available, Portugal: estimates are based on partial information provided by two operators EEA excludes Czech Republic, France, Iceland, UK

33 BoR (17) 102

5.2.1.3 Consumption patterns

34 BoR (17) 102

Figure 17: Percentage of total minutes of calls made: RLAH, RLAH +, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff Q2 2016

100% 0,69% 3,95% 4,15% 8,91% 5,88% 8,61% 8,54% 6,69% 11,00% 11,69% 10,87% 16,09% 90% 19,72% 19,28% 6,65% 4,39% 22,67% 22,07% 16,45% 7,95% 37,93% 26,96% 9,86% 37,66%36,85% 80% 40,29%38,47% 40,81% 38,74%41,66%9,09% 42,99% 45,57% 26,42% 9,71% 4,68% 30,02% 44,24% 70% 59,71% 59,75% 59,77% 16,70%

44,54% 64,65% 60% 5,45% 3,21% 62,21% 8,50% 34,32% 17,51% 50% 71,03% 22,04% 17,70% 25,43% 24,52%15,96%49,45% 19,88% 51,12% 22,09% 36,75% 0,00% 40% 77,66% 80,28%77,14% 0,45% 69,08% 62,14% 51,45% 50,80% 38,29% 30% 45,06% 30,29% 44,83% 28,11%38,20% 20% 39,49% 40,59% 39,80% 40,23% 36,69%36,11% 38,96% 37,72% 28,15% 32,34% 26,23% 25,37%24,48% 10% 21,53% 13,40% 13,32% 10,00% 8,64% 5,17% 6,15% 5,34% 4,18% 0% 0,43% 0,87% 0,50%

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

EEA average excludes Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Portugal, UK Finland: fixed periodic tariff data has been combined with alternative tariff data, RLAH has been combined with RLAH+

35 BoR (17) 102

Figure 18: Percentage of total minutes of calls made: RLAH, RLAH +, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff Q3 2016

100% 0,45% 3,57%3,32% 4,05%3,88%3,16% 5,15% 7,82% 10,42% 9,69% 9,53%3,71% 10,45% 12,67% 12,79%2,53%14,59% 15,09% 90% 20,41%13,82% 10,14% 25,03% 25,03%25,95% 9,82% 5,75% 28,35% 34,59%15,65% 32,17% 80% 39,44%37,23% 8,64% 38,02% 38,73% 37,99% 26,01% 3,23% 36,51% 24,11% 15,71% 52,25% 0,82% 53,34% 70% 48,19% 66,34% 5,91%26,15% 60% 33,74% 0,66% 26,72% 34,06% 10,33% 10,38% 69,03% 22,31% 52,19% 18,30% 42,15% 50% 40,19% 68,47% 23,50% 0,00% 87,21% 40% 70,35%82,61% 82,17% 37,88%

68,34% 55,56% 63,20% 65,44% 30% 60,61% 43,33% 39,42% 36,63%45,19% 48,51% 44,46% 44,05% 46,66% 45,52% 20% 43,03% 40,91% 35,99% 32,00% 29,96% 30,17%29,00% 10% 21,00% 21,73% 13,12% 10,70% 6,00% 6,85% 8,33%5,68% 6,49% 0% 0,36% 0,00%0,00% 0,74% 0,55%

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

EEA average excludes Denmark, Finland Iceland, Portugal, UK Finland: fixed periodic tariff data has been combined with alternative tariff data, RLAH has been combined with RLAH+

36 BoR (17) 102

Figure 19: EEA percentage and volumes of total minutes of calls made: RLAH, RLAH+, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff (millions of minutes) 100%

15.09%, 372,436 90% 22.07%, 397,430

80% 15.71%, 387,667

70% 16.70%, 300,683

60%

50% 40.19%, 991,669

36.75%, 661,740 40%

30%

20% 29.00%, 715,593 24.48%, 440,910 10%

0% Q2 2016 Q3 2016

RLAH RLAH+ Fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

37 BoR (17) 102

Figure 20: roaming calls made Average number of minutes per month per roaming subscriber Q2 and Q3 2016

27,425

26,776 25,267

21,019

20,191

19,820

19,357 19,345

20 18,987

18,448

17,722

17,614

14,477 14,242

15 13,794

13,644

13,441

13,235

12,772

12,543

12,306

12,153

11,948

11,856

10,996

10,905

10,648

10,463

10,411

9,912

9,853

9,766

9,607

9,594

9,418 9,099

10 9,055

8,763

8,529

8,516

8,479

8,326

7,700

7,596

7,517

7,335

7,032

6,984

6,765

6,688

6,641

5,912

5,629

5,535

5,421

4,931 4,518

5 4,488

3,685

3,590 1,982

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016 EEA average excludes Iceland, UK

38 BoR (17) 102

Figure 21: Outgoing international roaming traffic Index, intra-EEA roaming calls in Q2 2016 (Q2 2012 = 100, Croatia, Liechtenstein: Q2 2013 = 100) 800

700 668,168 634,037

600

546,073 479,822

500 471,584 451,394

400 386,172

330,881

310,000

306,308

294,940

289,560 282,913

300 269,010

262,317

222,788

219,807

209,120

204,884

203,526

190,339

182,740

182,050

180,596

178,964 175,966

200 167,295

159,281

151,229 151,252

151,415

148,981

146,627

141,476

135,753

135,311

133,223

130,939

128,602

125,303

124,370

122,450

121,154

120,645

118,629

117,749

115,898

112,838

112,187

110,898

108,372

104,070

100,248

100,052

94,793

87,398

84,882 84,275

100 79,986

57,157 21,342 0

Q2 '14 Q2 '15 Q2'16

Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016 EEA average Q2 2016 excludes, Denmark, Iceland, UK

39 BoR (17) 102

Figure 22: Outgoing international roaming traffic Index, intra-EEA roaming calls in Q3 2016 (Q3 2012 = 100, Croatia, Liechtenstein: Q3 2013 = 100)

1 000 984,334

900

800

700

600

516,565 509,736

500 487,627 434,279

400

353,101

343,315

325,988

319,781

295,533

284,670

275,914

275,709 266,299

300 262,222

257,885

255,544

245,535

240,182

229,277

212,847

203,071

181,740

178,898

177,030

173,373

167,963

166,206

165,334 160,912

200 159,710

154,786

154,093

149,993

149,414

148,384

145,188

139,591

139,263

138,819

132,513

124,483

122,274

117,298

111,089

110,602

108,004

107,719

102,141

99,690

97,636

97,028

95,898

96,015

91,690

90,720

89,846

87,715 78,620

100 66,903 35,051

Q3 '14 Q3 '15 Q3 '16

EEA average Q3 2016 excludes, Denmark, Iceland, UK

40 BoR (17) 102

Figure 23: Percentage of total minutes of calls received: RLAH, RLAH+, fixed periodic tariff and alternative tariff Q2 2016 100% 1,41% 6,16%3,54% 4,85%5,45% 9,37% 7,90% 8,40% 11,03% 10,39% 13,24% 90% 8,89% 3,73% 18,95% 1,70% 20,85% 4,60% 24,43% 21,56% 22,88% 27,43% 27,84% 5,91% 31,06% 31,19% 30,02% 27,72% 35,77% 34,69% 34,89% 80% 14,28% 0,10% 21,82% 16,58% 40,47% 6,37%6,09% 1,33% 57,78% 9,82% 70% 59,34% 62,12% 12,91% 6,00% 66,08% 6,66% 5,91% 3,20% 0,00% 58,73% 60% 57,98% 84,32% 17,64%32,30% 24,23% 65,67% 38,81% 50% 74,30% 48,56%

84,95% 37,41% 75,15% 0,00% 40% 0,43% 52,32% 53,16% 69,84% 72,16%74,09% 66,43% 68,74% 60,15% 44,36% 20,76% 30% 62,15%62,66%

46,43% 20% 40,00% 40,23% 39,77% 28,49% 35,01%37,88% 31,37% 31,91% 24,70% 21,46% 24,50% 10% 18,03% 14,26% 14,99% 11,74% 11,95% 10,31% 4,75%5,80% 0% 0,71% 1,40% 2,78% 0,67% 0,81%

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

EEA average excludes Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Portugal, UK Finland: fixed periodic tariff data has been combined with alternative tariff data, RLAH has been combined with RLAH+

41 BoR (17) 102

Figure 24: Percentage of total minutes calls of received: RLAH, RLAH+, fixed periodic tariff and alternative tariff Q3 2016 0,88% 100% 1,55% 3,46%3,04% 4,87% 5,87%4,72% 4,93% 9,17% 8,01% 9,23% 7,17% 12,89% 2,03% 11,81% 8,01% 16,38% 1,88% 13,75% 90% 0,88% 9,15%18,62% 17,75%17,50% 5,70% 9,05% 23,16% 4,32% 30,29% 14,20% 24,31% 6,70% 29,69% 34,74% 38,24% 37,57% 38,52% 4,01% 9,68% 80% 21,00% 40,09% 32,89% 6,48% 0,50% 12,16% 5,24% 70% 59,37% 55,79% 5,72% 57,26% 0,00% 0,00%27,66% 60% 47,77% 0,62% 39,05% 21,19% 60,58% 86,79% 53,70% 73,50% 50% 89,52% 45,20% 58,47% 88,53% 35,70% 83,62% 67,25% 85,92% 40% 78,90% 45,98% 48,32% 69,12% 67,26%60,98% 69,22% 62,43% 30% 59,29% 32,49% 48,11% 44,07% 41,50% 20% 39,44% 36,01% 34,99% 27,79% 24,49%25,25% 25,78% 10% 16,40% 18,10% 13,44% 12,33% 9,29% 7,41%9,09% 0% 0,70% 1,59% 3,02% 0,74% 1,16%

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

EEA average excludes Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Portugal, UK Finland: fixed periodic tariff data has been combined with alternative tariff data, RLAH has been combined with RLAH+

42 BoR (17) 102

Figure 25: EEA Volumes and percentage of total minutes calls received: RLAH, RLAH+, fixed periodic tariff and alternative tariff (millions of minues) 100%

13.75%, 362,810 90% 22.88%, 479,620

80% 9.68%, 255,275

9.82%, 205,911 70%

60%

50% 58.47%, 1542,468

40% 52.32%, 1096,950

30%

20%

10% 18.10%, 477,614 14.99%, 314,200

0% Q2 2016 Q3 2016

RLAH RLAH+ Fixed periodic tariff

43 BoR (17) 102

Figure 26: roaming calls received Average number of minutes per month per roaming subscriber Q2 and Q3 2016 50

43,030 39,987 40

35 29,794

27,759

26,262 23,761

25 23,702

22,875

22,391

22,186

19,899

18,794

18,651

18,606 18,502

20 18,387

18,079

17,963

17,643

17,190

16,948

14,765

14,301 14,088

15 13,985

12,966

10,619

10,177

9,934

9,697

9,688

9,520

9,427

9,291

9,034 8,415

10 8,252

7,613

7,475

7,419

7,348

7,323

7,227

6,970

6,898

6,836

6,704

6,457

6,180

5,893

5,845

5,680

5,191

5,175

5,028

5,000

4,965 4,888

5 3,270

2,682 2,119

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016 EEA average excludes Iceland, UK

44 BoR (17) 102

Figure 27: Incoming international roaming traffic Index, intra-EEA roaming calls in Q2 2016 (Q2 2012 = 100, Croatia, Liechtenstein: Q2 2013 = 100) 600

500 422,25

400

371,91

357,19

342,07

334,51

329,76

311,28 306,73

300

250,32

248,38

230,819

229,81

216,77

214,77

202,92

196,34

190,22

186,633 178,85

200 174,98

172,89

172,097

166,08

164,56

164,04

158,067

156,71

154,21

146,79

142,34

140,28

139,90

138,54

135,447

135,45

129,84

127,75

120,12

119,37

119,244

117,58

115,05

112,42

111,98

111,01

109,57

103,76

103,42

102,46

100,47

96,43

94,21

94,10

93,05

91,62

90,15

89,57 84,92

100 76,17

57,76 56,33

Q2 '14 Q2 '15 Q2'16

Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016 EEA average excludes Denmark, Iceland, UK

45 BoR (17) 102

Figure 28: Incoming international roaming traffic Index, intra-EEA roaming calls in Q3 2016 (Q3 2012 = 100, Croatia, Liechtenstein: Q3 2013 = 100) 600

500 462,36

400 392,57

347,26

338,66

331,940

321,48

288,18 287,15

300 278,42

270,44

248,34

239,42

229,29

225,02

222,11

209,74

202,99 184,79

200 180,15

172,708

171,58

167,33

165,91

165,71

164,859

164,50

160,35

158,92

156,12

149,132

149,07

148,79

148,39

142,95

142,56

133,66

124,14 124,17

121,35

120,65

118,81

115,73

115,33

114,49

108,38

106,95

100,73

95,53 95,62

89,53

89,24

87,75

84,93

84,49

81,13

80,33 79,57

100 78,64

73,39

72,55 46,18

Q3 '14 Q3 '15 Q3'16

EEA average excludes Denmark, Iceland, UK

46 BoR (17) 102

5.2.2. SMS roaming services

5.2.2.1 RoW retail prices

47 BoR (17) 102

Figure 29: RoW Average retail price per SMS for RoW roaming SMS services (prepaid+postpaid) Q2 and Q3 2016

80 69,809

eurocents 61,804

60 58,592 54,955

50 43,278

40 38,727

33,948

32,489

32,145

31,466

30,676

28,754 28,059

30 27,888

26,895

26,734

26,295

25,973

25,930

25,710

25,519

24,687

24,558

24,096

24,082

24,016

23,088

22,731

22,645

22,346

22,059

22,022

21,859

21,725

21,510

21,372

21,007

20,316

20,227

20,097

19,897

19,553

19,326

19,159

18,301

18,142

18,072 17,908

20 17,832

17,107

17,053

16,768

15,336

13,886 13,658

2,273 1,360 0

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Iceland, Portugal, UK

48 BoR (17) 102

5.2.2.2 Wholesale prices

49 BoR (17) 102

Figure 30: Average wholesale price per intra EEA roaming SMS charges for balanced and unbalanced traffic Q2 2016

3 2,803

3 eurocents

1,856

1,709

1,609

1,538

1,467

1,465

1,463 1,437

2 1,409

1,348

1,342

1,315

1,252

1,247

1,217

1,173

1,157

1,154

1,136

1,099

1,067

1,062

1,020

1,019

0,994

0,972

0,960

0,950

0,921

0,912 0,900

1 0,897

0,825

0,798

0,790

0,781

0,707

0,668

0,655

0,615

0,562

0,505 0,474

1 0,441 0,261

balanced traffic Q2'16 unbalanced traffic Q2'16

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016, Ireland, Italy, Portugal: estimates are based on data from different number of operators than estimates in Figure 32 and 33 EEA average (balanced traffic) excludes France, Iceland, Luxembourg, UK EEA average (unbalanced traffic) France, Iceland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Norway, UK

50 BoR (17) 102

Figure 31: Average wholesale price per intra EEA roaming SMS charges for balanced and unbalanced traffic Q3 2016

3 2,533

3 eurocents

1,756

1,730

1,539

1,531

1,524

1,456

1,436 1,402

2 1,381

1,340

1,322

1,270

1,254

1,253

1,147

1,144

1,135

1,114

1,102

1,061

1,040

1,010

1,006

0,997

0,992

0,987

0,978

0,970

0,938

0,904 0,891

1 0,890

0,832

0,794

0,788

0,785

0,708

0,664

0,649

0,648

0,597

0,540 0,498

1 0,447 0,120

balanced traffic Q3'16 unbalanced traffic Q3'16

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Ireland, Italy, Portugal: estimates are based on data from different number of operators than estimates in Figure 32 and 33 EEA average (balanced traffic) excludes France, Iceland, Luxembourg, UK EEA average (unbalanced traffic) France, Latvia, Luxembourg, Norway, UK

51 BoR (17) 102

Figure 32: Average wholesale price per intra-EEA roaming SMS (Total traffic) in Q2 2016

6 5,282

eurocents 5

2,611

1,845

1,828

1,819 1,813

2 1,789

1,710

1,643

1,635

1,619

1,615

1,554

1,538

1,525

1,497

1,465

1,437

1,430

1,425

1,418

1,414

1,399

1,397

1,386

1,342

1,339

1,293

1,289

1,275

1,274 1,274

1,265

1,193

1,183

1,180

1,171

1,130

1,127

1,105

1,095

1,094

1,070

1,050

1,045

0,921

0,919

0,906

0,892

0,888

0,875

0,868

0,864

0,857 0,803

1 0,774

0,741

0,714

0,560 0,508

Q2 2015 Q2 2016 price cap

52 BoR (17) 102

Figure 33: Average wholesale price per intra-EEA roaming SMS (Total traffic) in Q3 2016

6 5,160

eurocents 5

1,808 1,805

2 1,803

1,756

1,685

1,628

1,624

1,619

1,597

1,539

1,524

1,517

1,511

1,492

1,483

1,436

1,418

1,416

1,377

1,369

1,322

1,319

1,312

1,291

1,280

1,263

1,255

1,251

1,216

1,167

1,161

1,131

1,125

1,107

1,095

1,073

1,059

1,057

1,026

0,943

0,914

0,891

0,868

0,854

0,844

0,823

0,818 0,788

1 0,782

0,761

0,714

0,707

0,634

0,625

0,607 0,509

Q3 2015 Q3 2016 price cap

53 BoR (17) 102

Figure 34: EEA average wholesale price per SMS (balanced, unbalanced, total trafiic) 1,2

1,099 1,102 eurocents

1,0 0,919 0,868

0,790 0,788 0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0,0 Q2 2016 Q3 2016

balanced traffic total traffic unbalanced traffic

54 BoR (17) 102

Figure 35: Average wholesale price per intra-EEA roaming SMS (Q2 2007 - Q1 2016 - charges to non groups only)

16,671

16,509 16,028

16 15,642

eurocents

15,085

15,029 14,672

14 13,617 13,314

4,273

4,077

3,993

3,792

3,781

3,775

3,773

3,743

3,733

3,674 3,513

4 3,467

3,017

3,007

2,526

2,338

1,941

1,888

1,680

1,639 1,558

2 1,554

1,342

1,275

1,266

1,216

1,092

0,919 0,868

Q2 2011 Q2 2013 Q2 2015 Q2 Q2 Q2 2007 Q3 2007 Q4 2007 Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009 Q2 2009 Q3 2009 Q4 2009 Q1 2010 Q2 2010 Q3 2010 Q4 2010 Q1 2011 Q3 2011 Q4 2011 Q1 2012 Q2 2012 Q3 2012 Q4 2012 Q1 2013 Q3 2013 Q4 2013 Q1 2014 Q2 2014 Q3 2014 Q4 2014 Q1 2015 Q3 2015 Q4 2015 Q1 2016 Q2 2016 Q3 2016

wholesale SMS Price cap

55 BoR (17) 102

Figure 36: Proportion of balanced/unbalanced traffic within EEA countries Wholesale roaming inbound Q2 2016 100% 0,15% 3,01% 14,87% 13,73% 90% 19,73% 18,02% 24,23% 32,26% 33,87% 35,73% 80% 41,27% 47,82% 47,02% 53,03% 70% 60,06% 60,63% 48,38% 63,86% 61,90% 65,22% 62,28% 73,57% 75,68% 60% 79,01% 100,00%

50% 100,00% 99,85% 100,00% 96,99% 100,00% 85,13% 86,27% 40% 80,27% 81,98% 75,77% 67,74% 66,13% 64,27% 30% 58,73% 52,18% 51,62%52,98% 46,97% 20% 39,94% 39,37% 36,14% 38,10% 34,78% 37,72% 26,43% 24,32% 10% 20,99%

balanced traffic unbalanced traffic

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Italy: Operators reported that the splitting balanced/unbalanced traffic has been estimated and no accounting/certified information is available, Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016, Portugal: estimates are based on partial information provided by two operators EEA excludes Czech Republic, France, UK

56 BoR (17) 102

Figure 37:Proportion of balanced/unbalanced traffic within EEA countries Wholesale roaming inbound Q3 2016 100% 4,27% 9,98% 14,45% 90% 25,26% 24,84% 26,45% 33,62% 30,43% 80% 40,87% 44,26% 45,06% 45,33% 51,44% 55,12% 55,30% 70% 59,08% 65,33% 69,11% 68,28% 73,18% 70,15% 60% 83,50% 87,80% 84,42% 100,00% 50% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 95,73% 90,02% 85,55% 40% 74,74% 75,16% 73,55% 66,38% 69,57% 30% 59,13% 55,74% 54,94% 54,67% 48,56% 44,88% 44,70% 20% 40,92% 34,67% 30,89% 31,72% 26,82% 29,85% 10% 16,50% 12,20% 15,58% 0%

balanced traffic unbalanced traffic

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Italy: Operators reported that the splitting balanced/unbalanced traffic has been estimated and no accounting/certified information is available, Portugal: estimates are based on partial information provided by two operators EEA excludes Czech Republic, France, UK

57 BoR (17) 102

5.2.2.3 Consumption patterns

58 BoR (17) 102

Figure 38: Percentage of EEA roaming SMS: RLAH, RLAH +, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff Q2 2016

100% 2,41% 0,26% 2,08% 6,10% 0,15% 3,30% 6,63% 5,23% 9,71% 7,95%10,53% 14,97% 12,78% 9,61% 15,07%3,95%13,77% 90% 12,46% 3,31% 24,59% 23,47% 21,98% 24,42% 6,01% 27,89% 24,64% 19,25% 30,09% 29,43% 32,48% 8,23% 33,93% 15,44% 5,39% 9,04% 80% 36,82% 39,98% 9,14% 30,52% 53,47% 4,30% 4,07% 5,10% 70% 5,30% 0,12% 2,34%23,05% 1,21% 71,64% 60% 58,69% 78,97% 30,79% 73,72% 43,97% 49,68% 50% 76,05% 97,44% 62,17% 64,94% 49,35% 42,51% 84,10% 83,98% 55,56% 40% 67,56% 69,44% 60,62% 67,99% 20,20% 69,91%65,34% 53,07% 59,86% 65,18% 30% 60,02% 2,62% 54,97%36,74% 20% 31,37% 30,06% 26,33% 22,07% 25,74% 27,51% 21,75% 21,03% 10% 17,37%17,10% 14,05%14,89% 12,27% 8,46% 7,83%9,87% 7,09% 6,45% 4,47% 0% 0,17% 2,11% 1,48% 1,49%

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

EEA average excludes Denmark, Iceland, Portugal, UK Finland: fixed periodic tariff data has been combined with alternative tariff data

59 BoR (17) 102

Figure 39: Percentage of EEA roaming SMS: RLAH, RLAH +, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff Q3 2016

100% 1,37% 0,17% 4,61% 0,12%2,93% 2,99% 1,46%2,99% 3,40% 7,72% 6,08% 1,77%7,54%9,32% 6,26% 7,44% 11,15% 8,13% 9,85%12,69% 14,95% 3,23% 16,02% 90% 8,14% 10,77% 18,45%5,20% 22,07% 25,26% 23,75% 5,26% 7,46% 28,59% 30,12% 4,40% 16,88%0,92% 9,08% 33,78% 80% 24,02% 6,80% 22,64% 55,37% 70% 4,47% 0,64% 0,10% 57,55% 20,05% 70,89% 72,22% 60% 75,39%51,35% 58,54% 71,13% 43,34% 50% 78,33% 98,50%97,07% 52,87% 69,33% 61,30% 90,51% 77,43% 87,09% 81,50% 86,07%71,30% 50,47% 54,71% 40% 77,93% 16,82% 62,87% 65,55% 65,84% 30% 2,87% 56,20%

20% 37,69% 30,31% 33,75% 27,81% 26,23% 27,78% 25,44% 10% 21,87% 21,21% 17,58%15,65% 14,10% 12,08% 13,73% 13,58% 8,47% 6,37% 7,46% 0% 0,16% 2,64% 1,39% 1,08% 2,20%

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

EEA average excludes Denmark, Iceland, Portugal, UK Finland: fixed periodic tariff data has been combined with alternative tariff data

60 BoR (17) 102

Figure 40: EEA percentage of SMS sent: RLAH, RLAH+, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff (millions of minutes) 100% 7.44%, 106,189 13.77%, 122,127 90% 7.46%, 106,435

9.04%, 80,179 80%

70%

60% 51.35%, 732,688

49.68%, 440,688 50%

40%

30%

20% 33.75%, 481,637 27.51%, 244,024 10%

0% Q2 2016 Q3 2016

RLAH RLAH+ Fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

61 BoR (17) 102

Figure 41: SMS Average number of SMS per month per roaming subscriber Q2 and Q3 2016

25 23,677

18,568

17,184 16,618

12,390

11,451

11,174

11,051 10,387

9,022

8,744

8,534

8,343

8,242

7,676

6,898

6,413

6,181

5,957

5,781

5,725

5,566

5,487

5,314

5,263

5,240

5,153

5,059

4,971

4,851

4,820

4,521

4,487

4,357

4,293 4,249

5 4,228

4,105

3,923

3,904

3,818

3,787

3,731

3,682

3,499

3,403

3,190

2,935

2,629

2,152

1,990

1,988

1,928

1,884

1,680

1,487

1,441

0,969

0,876

0,461 0,403 0

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Iceland, UK Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016

62 BoR (17) 102

Figure 42: Retail SMS traffic Index, intra-EEA roaming calls in Q2 2016 (Q2 2012 = 100, Croatia Q2'14 = 100, Liechtenstein: Q2'13 = 100) 350

300

250

207,38 191,73

200 190,08

186,39

167,27

151,636

143,18

142,78 141,26

150 139,28

134,73

132,22

126,28

122,23

121,80

119,053

114,61

112,86

112,64

112,14

110,27

108,08

106,88

106,24

100,364

98,108

95,55

95,11

93,97

93,45

93,50

90,69

89,18

88,63

87,75 87,48

100 86,57

86,19

83,20

81,86

78,71

77,61

77,56

75,049

72,52

71,07

70,95

68,33

65,28

63,94

62,13

61,10

56,76

56,585

56,20

51,85

49,54 45,08

50 38,07

29,77 26,47

Q2 '14 Q2 '15 Q2 '16

EEA average excludes Denmark, Iceland, UK

63 BoR (17) 102

Figure 43: Retail SMS traffic Index, intra-EEA roaming calls in Q3 2016 (Q3 2012 = 100, Croatia Q3'13 = 100)

350 296,36 300 294,50

250 244,77 232,73

200

176,68

155,52 150,30

150 136,65

129,26

126,65

125,48

124,51

124,515

121,13

119,69

117,86

108,64

107,95

106,53

104,39

104,13

103,666

103,08

101,58

100,94

96,615

96,52

95,16

94,89

91,05

89,58 88,75

100 87,89

83,65

82,77

79,83

77,131

76,38

75,75

73,99

73,85

73,78

72,63

69,58

69,52

64,49

62,58

62,37

58,39

57,45

56,68

53,95

53,78

51,90 50,98

50 41,51

35,77

34,41

32,76

30,18 27,96

Q3 '14 Q3 '15 Q3 '16

EEA average excludes Denmark, Iceland, UK

64 BoR (17) 102

5.2.3. Data roaming services

5.2.3.1 RoW retail prices

65 BoR (17) 102

Figure 44: RoW Average retail data price per Mb for RoW roaming data services in Q2 and Q3 2016 (prepaid +postpaid)

700 596,111

600 578,141 eurocents

500

400

300 232,092

200 182,866

172,056

132,422

124,725

121,005

96,569

87,840

82,802

82,113 81,164

100 79,584

72,678

69,324

69,014

66,346

64,988

63,502

60,856

54,650

48,568

45,739

44,816

43,392

43,355

41,308

37,882 37,861

37,498

37,181

36,388

36,237

34,397

34,340

32,070

31,440

30,820

30,326

28,121

24,140

23,636

23,422

23,368

21,476

21,115

16,520

15,001

13,506

13,430

11,565

11,008

8,071

3,935 3,886 0

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Iceland, Portugal, Spain, Liechtenstein, UK

66 BoR (17) 102

5.2.3.2 Wholesale prices

67 BoR (17) 102

Figure 45: Average wholesale data price per Mb in Q2 2016 (prepaid+postpaid) balanced traffic and unbalanced traffic

4,672 eurocents 4

3 2,944

2,766

2,640

2,275

2,271

2,205

2,155

2,094

2,032 1,931

2 1,915

1,790

1,775

1,700

1,585

1,580

1,576

1,532

1,477

1,470

1,445

1,380

1,367

1,355

1,262

1,259

1,232

1,231

1,174

1,124

1,043

1,039

1,000

0,976

0,957

0,922 0,896

1 0,869

0,725

0,624

0,617

0,524

0,516

0,483

0,392 0,106 0

balanced traffic unbalanced traffic

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016, Ireland, Italy, Portugal: estimates are based on data from different number of operators than estimates in Figure 47 and 48 EEA average (balanced traffic) excludes Belgium, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, Sweden, UK EEA average (unbalanced traffic) Belgium, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, UK

68 BoR (17) 102

Figure 46: Average wholesale data price per Mb in Q3 2016 (prepaid+postpaid) balanced and unbalanced traffic 5

5 4,314 eurocents 4

3,281 2,944

3 2,861

2,664

2,551 2,532

3 2,351

2,271

2,069 2,023

2 1,926

1,729

1,704

1,662

1,571

1,547

1,503

1,495 1,442

2 1,391

1,282

1,243

1,236

1,233

1,210

1,180

1,175

1,153

1,114

1,087

1,062

1,041

1,015

0,982

0,955

0,925

0,903

0,892 0,832

1 0,820

0,763

0,677

0,667

0,604 0,584

1 0,155

balanced unbalanced

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Ireland, Italy, Portugal: estimates are based on data from different number of operators than estimates in Figure 47 and 48 EEA average (balanced traffic) excludes Belgium, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, Sweden, UK EEA average (unbalanced traffic) Belgium, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, Norway, UK

69 BoR (17) 102

Figure 47: Average wholesale data price per Mb in Q2 2016 (prepaid+postpaid) Total traffic

14 eurocents 12

4,743

4,593

4,243 4,138

4 3,571

3,365

3,294

3,181

3,104

2,982

2,944

2,840

2,716

2,696

2,500

2,469

2,278

2,249

2,155

2,147

2,126

2,094

2,036

1,901

1,899

1,835

1,812

1,808

1,803

1,801

1,775

1,719

1,700

1,662

1,658

1,641

1,626

1,601

1,541

1,491

1,437 1,407

2 1,395

1,377

1,329

1,318

1,288

1,269

1,243

1,167

1,122

1,050

0,961

0,918

0,872

0,826

0,759

0,527

0,476 0,442

Q2 2015 Q2 2016 price cap

70 BoR (17) 102

Figure 48: Average wholesale data price per Mb in Q3 2016 (prepaid+postpaid) Total traffic

14 eurocents 12

4,418

4,243 3,834

4 3,527

3,285

3,281

3,164

3,084

3,058

3,003

2,989

2,912

2,817

2,466

2,422

2,388

2,351

2,236

2,189

2,181

2,023

1,828

1,821

1,789

1,782

1,775

1,749

1,747

1,690

1,676

1,641

1,616

1,576

1,553

1,532 1,417

2 1,417

1,357

1,339

1,314

1,307

1,268

1,227

1,219

1,203

1,193

1,189

1,152

1,112

1,028

0,996

0,954

0,914

0,813

0,708

0,669

0,650

0,568 0,506

Q3 2015 Q3 2016 price cap

71 BoR (17) 102

Figure 49: EEA average: average wholesale data price per Mb (prepaid+postpaid) 211,337

200

189,778 eurocents

150 119,761

100

59,575 56,172

50 44,902

36,358

35,396

33,292

29,249

26,722

21,325

20,362

16,228

13,756

8,099

7,944

7,575

7,553

6,928

6,117

4,189

3,724

2,655

2,579

1,873

1,812

1,726

1,690

1,395

0,961 0,954 0

Wholesale roaming (inbound) price cap

72 BoR (17) 102

Figure 50: Average wholesale data price per Mb in Q2 and Q3 2016 (prepaid+postpaid) RoW traffic

35 33,186

eurocents 30

20 19,063

15 14,553

13,377

13,013

11,721 10,575

10 9,601

8,071

6,157

6,099

5,930

5,766

5,201

5,181

4,941

4,610

4,545

4,356

4,273 4,208

5 4,012

3,761

3,720

3,523

3,301

3,290

3,180

3,144

3,072

2,968

2,931

2,826

2,636

2,616

2,468

2,387

2,308

2,300

2,286

2,228

1,998

1,849

1,844

1,837

1,771

1,659

1,554

1,521

1,069

1,013 0,937

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

EEA average excludes Belgium, Cyprus, Sweden, Luxembourg, UK

73 BoR (17) 102

Figure 51: EEA average wholesale data price per Mb in Q2 and Q3 2016

5 (prepaid+postpaid) (balanced, unbalanced, total traffic, RoW traffic eurocents

3,180

2,468

1,259 1,233

0,961 0,954 1 0,869 0,892

0 Q2 2016 Q3 2016

RoW traffic balanced traffic Total traffic unbalanced traffic

74 BoR (17) 102

Figure 52: Proportion of balanced/unbalanced traffic within EEA countries Wholesale roaming inbound Q2 2016 100% 8,17% 9,96% 7,61% 7,98% 6,93% 14,52% 90% 16,90% 29,07% 36,15% 33,17% 80% 41,81% 45,48% 49,72% 70% 59,58% 57,97% 65,37% 62,54% 73,51% 60% 80,10% 81,11% 80,82% 81,67% 100,00%

50% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 100,00% 91,83% 90,04%92,39% 92,02% 93,07% 85,48% 40% 83,10% 70,93% 63,85% 66,83% 30% 58,19% 54,52% 50,28% 20% 40,42% 42,03% 34,63% 37,46% 19,90% 26,49% 10% 18,89% 19,18% 18,33%

balanced traffic unbalanced traffic

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Italy: Operators reported that the splitting balanced/unbalanced traffic has been estimated and no accounting/certified information is available, Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016, Portugal: estimates are based on partial information provided by two operators EEA average excludes Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Sweden, UK

75 BoR (17) 102

Figure 53:Proportion of balanced/unbalanced traffic within EEA countries Wholesale roaming inbound Q3 2016 100% 6,34% 5,34% 9,79% 11,18% 11,34% 14,01% 15,33% 90% 25,50% 25,51% 31,40% 35,94% 80% 49,20% 52,78% 52,99% 70% 59,47% 59,67% 65,40% 69,14% 60% 80,31% 87,38% 84,58% 84,78% 100,00% 92,93% 50% 100,00% 93,66% 94,66% 90,21% 88,82% 88,66% 85,99% 84,67% 40% 74,50% 74,49% 68,60% 64,06% 30% 50,80% 47,22% 47,01% 20% 40,53% 40,33% 34,60% 30,86% 10% 19,69% 12,62% 15,42% 15,22% 7,07% 0%

balanced traffic unbalanced traffic

While the measure of balanced/unbalanced traffic should include volumes and revenues from all operators per country, such information is currently available for a limited number of NRAs. For some countries, even if a data set is available, not all operators are included. Please also read carefully Chapter on the methodology for the data collection on page 6. Italy: Operators reported that the splitting balanced/unbalanced traffic has been estimated and no accounting/certified information is available, Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016, Portugal: estimates are based on partial information provided by two operators EEA average excludes Belgium, Finland, France, Luxembourg, Sweden, UK

76 BoR (17) 102

5.2.3.3 Consumption patterns

77 BoR (17) 102

Figure 54: Percentage of retail data roaming services: RLAH, RLAH +, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff Q2 2016

100% 2,04% 0,04% 2,76% 0,57% 6,30% 3,58% 5,04% 6,47% 5,75% 8,74%10,60% 10,41% 9,12% 10,68% 12,47%5,43%13,71% 14,16% 1,57% 12,72% 5,12% 90% 1,23% 5,24% 8,20%24,04% 28,17% 10,71% 30,05% 29,60% 33,79% 33,23% 80% 37,63% 37,59% 33,14% 49,03% 39,67% 48,49% 34,08% 28,46% 70% 36,35% 33,25% 25,50% 62,82% 0,07% 62,76% 16,37% 12,52% 76,76% 16,77% 60% 63,16% 6,72%

8,96% 67,08% 50% 99,62% 11,46%9,84% 13,51% 8,25% 15,72% 88,36%88,37% 87,53%85,75% 46,64%84,48% 40% 68,70% 31,60% 42,85% 65,71%57,44% 30% 60,56% 59,03% 54,67% 52,96%53,18% 48,87% 38,68% 2,42% 44,19%45,45% 22,50% 44,38% 20% 38,31% 35,14% 28,09% 10% 20,82% 18,75% 19,91% 19,82% 12,47% 11,98% 4,04% 4,92%3,13% 0% 0,01% 0,43%0,06% 0,31% 0,38%

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

EEA average excludes Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Spain, Portugal UK Finland: fixed periodic tariff data has been combined with alternative tariff data, RLAH has been combined with RLAH+

78 BoR (17) 102

Figure 55: Percentage of retail data roaming services: RLAH, RLAH +, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff Q3 2016

100% 0,65% 1,62% 1,74% 4,86% 3,68%3,14% 3,26% 7,75% 7,63% 2,85% 6,43% 8,67% 7,42%0,51% 11,64% 4,69% 9,09% 9,75% 13,93%5,43%15,66% 14,23% 7,30% 90% 6,56% 24,19% 26,92%1,20% 34,99% 35,33% 35,55% 80% 21,81% 37,68% 44,31% 26,38% 44,51% 30,86% 37,42% 31,15% 30,59% 23,17% 33,18% 70% 59,48% 54,85% 50,90% 15,64% 5,62% 60% 77,92% 7,81% 7,72% 81,03% 0,05% 14,16%75,44% 50% 99,67% 12,73%14,70% 15,14% 89,98% 88,92% 86,07% 84,58%87,01% 40% 29,34%15,76% 69,70% 46,88% 69,52% 60,44% 65,25% 55,32% 61,51% 21,83% 30% 53,68% 59,76% 60,17% 53,45% 44,13%43,02% 20% 41,34% 38,90% 2,43% 41,92% 32,41% 26,16% 10% 19,64% 20,18%18,32% 16,53% 10,89% 4,08% 3,97%3,38% 0% 0,01% 0,33% 1,95%0,04% 0,00%0,00% 0,60%

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

EEA average excludes Denmark, FInalnd, Iceland, Spain, Portugal, UK Finland: fixed periodic tariff data has been combined with alternative tariff data, RLAH has been combined with RLAH+

79 BoR (17) 102

Figure 56: EEA percentage of data roaming services: RLAH, RLAH+, fixed periodic tariff, alternative tariff (in Gb) 100% 9.75%, 1610276,701 12.72%, 893838,534 90%

80%

33.18%, 5477836,427 70% 33.25%, 2336361,181

60%

50% 41.92%, 2498907,139 38.31%, 1104857,590

40%

30%

41.92%, 6920755,975 20% 38.31%, 2691688,577

10%

0% Q2 2016 Q3 2016

RLAH RLAH+ fixed periodic tariff alternative tariff

80 BoR (17) 102

Figure 57: data services Average consumption per month per roaming subscriber (in MB) Q2 and Q3 2016 400

350 342,380

300 290,471

250 247,490 188,879

200 186,108

160,216 148,910

150

126,891

125,372

120,590 109,379

100

62,989

62,413

58,878

58,130

57,189

55,642

54,868

53,239

51,295

50,702

49,991

48,731

42,014

39,935

39,413

38,434

38,392 36,986

50 36,910

34,246

33,467

33,265

30,278

29,857

29,191

28,491

28,387

27,702

27,329

26,600

22,942

22,579

22,393

19,050

18,860

18,577

17,037

16,361

15,407

15,331

14,123

13,144

13,107

11,974

11,338 8,022 0

Q2 2016 Q3 2016

Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016 EEA average excludes Cyprus, Iceland, Spain, UK

81 BoR (17) 102

Figure 58: Retail Data traffic Index, intra-EEA roaming calls in Q2 2016 (Q2 2012 = 100, Croatia Q2'14 = 100, Liechtenstein Q2'14 = 100) 30000

25000

20000 18781,915

17848,520

17597,829

16357,405

15934,589 15305,939

15000

11132,275 10571,886

10000

8095,298

6101,647

5684,876

5514,002 4746,628

5000 4384,099

3650,605

3449,744

3448,310

3252,506

2466,390

2460,760

2239,734

2216,949

2145,344

1999,254

1986,316

1943,253

1920,199

1894,701

1550,755

1494,220

1493,628

1482,798

1422,849

1427,989

1304,425

1273,975

1258,085

1093,206

1054,324

989,494

982,366

947,630

918,889

869,939

788,909

776,286

773,758

728,699

552,003

549,543

543,622

538,207

500,075

476,527

408,664

373,485 156,925 0

Q2 '14 Q2 '15 Q2 '16

Norway: the Q2’16 value is based on data from June 2016 EEA average excludes Cyprus, Denmark, Iceland, Spain, UK

82 BoR (17) 102

Figure 59: Retail Data traffic Index, intra-EEA roaming calls in Q3 2016 (Q3 2012 = 100, Croatia, Liechtenstein: Q3'13 = 100)

50000 45319,820 45000

40000 36841,702

35000

30000

25000 21460,381

20000

15612,672 15437,380

15000

10348,576 9589,477

10000 8117,375

6084,283

5855,812

5220,567

5135,100

5032,690

4357,420

3795,748 3787,971

5000 3072,616

2951,495

2859,804

2685,815

2538,478

2407,179

2168,518

2177,899 2178,598

2154,966

1952,027

1822,445

1810,505

1779,775

1696,687

1607,613

1556,783

1505,342

1464,710

1332,699

1330,976

1307,055

1254,306

1256,314

1214,994

1191,262

1122,870

1033,761

967,084

858,302

830,963

733,331

681,008

675,627

651,659

610,847

609,005

465,558

440,569

389,111 359,971 0

Q3 '14 Q3 '15 Q3 '16

EEA average excludes Cyprus, Denmark, Iceland, Spain, UK

83 BoR (17) 102 5.3. Wholesale roaming (outbound): Agreements applying Article 3 of the Roaming Regulation

84 BoR (17) 102

Figure 60: Wholesale averages outbound roaming: Voice: Agreements applying Article 3 Roaming Regulation 18

16 16,694 eurocents 15,921

14 14,623

12,825 13,036 12 12,119

10 10,766 10,197

8 8,161

7,006 6 6,517

5,160 4 3,585 3,133 2

0 Q2'13 Q3'13 Q4'13 Q1'14 Q2'14 Q3'14 Q4'14 Q1'15 Q2'15 Q3'15 Q4'15 Q1'16 Q2 2016 Q3 2016

price per actual min EU/EEA Price Cap

85 BoR (17) 102

Figure 61: Wholesale averages outbound roaming: SMS Agreements applying Article 3 Roaming Regulation 5,0

4,5 eurocents 4,324 4,0 4,024 3,764 3,5 3,618 3,537

3,0 3,073

2,5 2,595 2,608

2,342 2,290 2,0 2,163 1,926 1,763 1,5 1,658

1,0

0,5

0,0 Q2'13 Q3'13 Q4'13 Q1'14 Q2'14 Q3'14 Q4'14 Q1'15 Q2'15 Q3'15 Q4'15 Q1'16 Q2 2016 Q3 2016

price per SMS EU/EEA Price Cap

86 BoR (17) 102

Figure 62: Wholesale EEA average outbound roaming: DATA, Agreements applying Article 3 Roaming Regulation 25

21,603 eurocents

15 14,005 12,778 12,792

11,365

9,730 10 8,160 7,236

4,666 5 3,132 3,029 2,914 3,027 2,705

price per MB - EU/EEA Price Cap

BoR (17) 102 List of respondents Operators that provided data for the period 1 April – 30 September 2016: Denmark Hi3G Denmark Austria TDC A1 Telekom Austria Telenor T-Mobile Austria TeliaDanmark Hutchison 3G Austria Lycamobile Estonia HoT Telekom AS EMT Russmedia Elisa Eesti OÜ Top Connect Belgium TELE 2 Eesti Belgacom Mobile KPN Group Belgium (Base) Finland Mobistar Ålands Telekommunikation DNA Bulgaria Elisa Corporation Bulgarian Telecommunication Company TeliaSonera Finland (Vivacom) Telenor Bulgaria France Mobiltel SFR Bouygues Telecom Croatia Orange Caraïbe Hrvatski Telekom Orange France Vipnet Free Mobile Tele2 EI Telecom Lycamobile Cyprus SRR Cyta MTN Cyprus Germany Primetel E-Plus Mobilfunk Telefónica Germany Czech Republic Telekom Deutschland O2 Family Vodafone D2 Air Telecom ČEZ Prodej Greece DH Telecom COSMOTE Mobile O2 Czech Republic Vodafone Panafon SAZKA Wind HellasTelecommunications TERMS CYTA HELLAS TILEPIKINONIAKI SA Tesco Mobile ČR T-Mobile Czech Republic Hungary Vodafone Czech Republic Telenor Magyarország T-Mobile Vodafone Magyarország

BoR (17) 102

UPC Mobile Post Télécom Tango Iceland Orange Communications Luxembourg Nova Luxembourg Online Mobile Síminn Transatel Lux. Vodafone Iceland Malta Ireland Melita Mobile Eircom Limited/E Mobile Mobisle Communications (GO Mobile) Hutchison 3G Ireland RedtouchFone Meteor Mobile Communications Vodafone Malta Telefónica Ireland Limited/(O2) YOM Tesco Mobile Ireland Vodafone Ireland Netherlands KPN Italy Lebara Coop Voce Lycamobile Distribution Digi Italy Tele2 Netherlands ERG Mobile T-Mobile Netherlands Fastweb Vodafone Libertel Green H3G Italia Norway Lycamobile Lycamobile Poste Mobile Phonero Telecom Italia Telenor Tiscali Italia TeliaSonera Norge Vodafone Wind Telecomunicazioni Poland P4 Latvia Polkomtel Bite Latvia T-Mobile Polska LatvijasMobilaisTelefons Orange Polska Tele2 Portugal Liechtenstein CTT – Correios de Portugal Salt (Liechtenstein) NOS Comunicações, S.A Telecom Liechtenstein MEO – Serviços de Comunicações e Swisscom (Schweiz) Multimédia,S.A. Vodafone Portugal – Comunicações Lithuania Pessoais.S.A. BitėLietuva LycaMobile Portugal,Lda Eurocom Mundio Mobile (Portugal) Limited (on the 23rd of Omnitel March 2017 Mundio Mobile (Portugal) Limited Tele2 changed its social designation to Vectone Mobile Teledema (Portugal) Limited) NOWO Communications, S.A Luxembourg ONITELECOM - Infocomunicações, S.A. Entreprise des postes et télécommunications

89 BoR (17) 102

Romania Telekom RMC Orange Romania RCS&RDS Vodafone Romania Telekom RC Lycamobile

Slovak Republic

O2 Slovakia

Orange Slovensko

Slovak Telekom

SWAN Mobile

Slovenia

Telekom Slovenije

Si.mobil

Telemach

T-2

Izi mobil

Mega M

Spain

Euskaltel Orange TelefónicaMóviles de España Vodafone Yoigo

Sweden Hi3G Access Telenor Sverige TeliaSonera Tele2 Sverige

Switzerland Orange Communications Sunrise Communications Swisscom (Schweiz)

United Kingdom 3 UK O2 UK Everything Everywhere Vodafone UK Tesco Mobile Virgin Mobil