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Cambodia: Baseline Study Report Commercialization of Aquaculture for Sustainable Trade (CAST) Cambodia: Baseline Study Report The Commercialization of Aquaculture for Sustainable Trade (CAST), Cambodia, project is funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and implemented by the American Soybean Association (ASA) and World Initiative for Soy in Human Health (WISHH). The project supports increased agricultural production and trade in Cambodian aquaculture. Project Duration: 2018-2023 Implemented by: American Soybean Association (ASA)/World Initiative for Soy in Human Health (WISHH) Baseline study conducted by: WorldFish Commercialization of Aquaculture for Sustainable Trade (CAST) Cambodia Baseline Study Report Prepared for American Soybean Association (ASA) and World Initiative for Soy in Human Health (WISHH) Prepared by WorldFish August 2019 i BASELINE STUDY TEAM The study was conducted by WorldFish and Nuppun Research and Consulting LtD. The WorldFish team members were: • Olivier Joffre, PhD (corresponding author); • Sarah Freed, PhD • Cristiano Rossignoli, PhD • Nhuong Tran, PhD • Kai Ching Cheong • Mith Samonn • Eam Dyna • Bun Chantrea • Peter Jackson • Yumiko Kura The Nuppun Research and Consulting team included: • Pisey Khin • Chanthan Tha • Julie Ngo • Sreykhouch Ek • Porleang Sim • Phearum Heng • Sokha Eng ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The evaluation team wishes to acknowledge ASA/WISSH for providing guidance and support. Many individuals representing government, donors, and the private sector, participated in the interviews conducted by the evaluation team. The evaluation team expresses gratitude to the provincial and district, commune and village authorities for their support in identifying survey respondents. We would like to especially thank Fisheries Administration Cantonment officers who supported fieldwork and helped the survey team in identifying aquaculture producers and other actors of the value chain. We also thank Mr Thay Somony, Director of the Department of Aquaculture Development, and Dr Hav Viseth, Deputy Director General, Fisheries Administration, Cambodia, for their support and guidance. We also extend sincere appreciation to Nuppun enumerators and field supervisors for their invaluable input and tireless effort from the pre-test to the end of fieldwork, and to all participating survey respondents for their generosity. We would like to thank various other respondents, donors, development partners, actors of the aquaculture value chain for their time and valuable inputs during the Key Informant Interviews. Finally, we would like to thanks our data analysis teams at the Nuppun Research and Consulting and the WorldFish headquarters for their patience and time in cleaning and analyzing the data. WorldFish August 2019 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 7 2. METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Methods for population-based survey ................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 Survey design and objectives ............................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2. Respondents and study areas ..................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3. Understanding the population of interest ................................................................................ 11 2.1.4. Sample design ............................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.5. Questionnaire design ................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.6. Field work ................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.7. Quality control and data cleaning ............................................................................................. 15 2.1.8. Data analysis and indicators ...................................................................................................... 15 2.1.9. Covariate and propensity score matching (PSM) ..................................................................... 16 2.2. Methods for qualitative study .......................................................................................... 17 2.2.1. Objectives and topical focus area ............................................................................................. 17 2.2.2. Study participants, interviewing and data collection ............................................................... 18 2.2.3. Data preparation, coding and analysis ...................................................................................... 18 2.3. Limitation of the data collected ................................................................................... 19 3. BASELINE RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................. 20 3.1. What is the current productivity of feed mills, aquaculture producers and hatcheries and nurseries? .............................................................................................................................. 20 3.2. What is the current soy protein and fish product trade in Cambodia? ........................... 20 3.3. What is the current quantity and quality of feed and seed produced for aquaculture producers and its availability and accessibility? ....................................................................... 21 3.4. What is the current supply of premium quality, Cambodian-grown freshwater fish to the local market? ......................................................................................................................... 22 3.5. What is the current potential beneficiaries’ ability to access finance that is needed for business growth and development? ........................................................................................ 23 3.6. Where are clusters of active SME farms and hatcheries that meet the selection criteria as potential beneficiaries of CAST? ............................................................................................. 25 3.7. Where are existing value chain networks at provincial level that can be strengthened to meet CAST objectives? ........................................................................................................... 25 3.8. Who and where are existing or potential extension service agents that can become core facilitators of value chain networks? ....................................................................................... 25 3.9. What are the constraints and opportunities within various segments of the commercial aquaculture value chain in Cambodia? .................................................................................... 26 4. SITUATION ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 26 4.1. Population characteristics ................................................................................................ 26 4.2. Seasonality of production and sales ............................................................................. 27 4.3. Hatcheries and nurseries production systems .............................................................. 29 4.4. Fish farm production systems ...................................................................................... 30 4.5. Post-harvest (collectors, wholesalers and processors) .................................................. 33 4.6. Support system ........................................................................................................... 35 4.6.1. Access to loans ........................................................................................................................... 35 4.6.2. Access to knowledge and information ...................................................................................... 36 4.7. Aquaculture feed production and distribution.............................................................. 37 4.8. Climate change adaptation .......................................................................................... 38 4.9. Spatial distribution of farmer clusters and processing hubs .......................................... 39 5. STANDARD AND CUSTOM INDICATORS .................................................................... 41 5.1. Infrastructure and assets ............................................................................................. 41 5.2. Production and value of aquaculture products ............................................................. 43 5.3. Management practices of producers and input suppliers .............................................. 44 5.4. Post-harvest related indicators .................................................................................... 45 5.5. Access to loans and information .................................................................................. 47 6. COVARIATE AND CONFOUNDER ANALYSIS AND PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING ...... 48 6.1. Covariate analysis ......................................................................................................
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