Due Diligence Report on Ethnic Minorities

Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project (RRP CAM 51159-002) Due Diligence Report on Ethnic Minorities November 2019 Cambodia Irrigated Agriculture Improvement Project Canal 15 Subproject Prepared by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 2 October 2019) Currency unit – Riel (KR) KR1.00 = $0.00024 $1.00 = KR4,081 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank DDREM – Due Diligence Report on Ethnic Minorities EA – Executing Agency FWUC – Farmer Water User Committee GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IP – Indigenous Peoples IPP – Indigenous Peoples Plan MEF – Ministry of Economy and Finance MOWRAM – Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology O&M – Operation and Maintenance PDWRAM – Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PDRD – Provincial Department of Rural Development PIB – Project Information Booklet PMIC – Project Management and Implementation Consultant PMU – Project Management Unit RGC – Royal Government of Cambodia ROW – Right-of-Way SES – Socio-Economic Survey TRTA – Transaction Technical Assistance NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This due diligence report on ethnic minorities is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. GLOSSARY Consultation A process that (i) begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; (ii) provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information in the language that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; (iii) is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion with due regard to cultural norms; and (iv) is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and (v) enables incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures and implementation issues. Displaced Person Any person who is physically displaced (relocation, loss of residential land or loss of shelter) and/or economically displaced (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources or means of livelihood) as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Entitlement Refers to a range of measures comprising compensation, relocation cost, income rehabilitation assistance, transfer assistance, income substitution/business restoration, etc. which are due to the DPs, depending on the type and severity of their losses, and are sufficient to restore their economic and social base. Indigenous Peoples Refers to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees: (i) self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; (ii) collective attachments to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the subproject area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; (iii) customary cultural , economic, social , or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and cultures; and (iv) a distinct language, often different from the official language of the country or region. Land Acquisition Refers to the process whereby individual, household, firm or private institution is compelled by a public agency to alienate all or part of the land it owns or possesses to the ownership and possession of that agency for public purposes in return for compensation at replacement costs. Vulnerable groups These are distinct groups of DPs who are likely to be more adversely affected than others and who are likely to have limited ability to re- establish their livelihoods or improve their status and comprise of: (i) households living below the national poverty rate established by the Royal Government of Cambodia (who are with Poor ID), (ii) female headed households with dependents , (iii) disabled headed households with no other means of support, (iv) elderly headed households with no other means of support, (v) child headed households with no other means of support, (vi) landless households, and (vii) ethnic minorities. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 7 I. PROJECT AND SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 1 A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 B. Canal 15 Subproject in Takeo Province ............................................................................................... 1 II. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................. 6 A. Baseline Socio-Economic Information of Cham Ethnic Group in the Subproject Area ........................ 6 B. Social and Cultural Characteristics of Cham Ethnic Group ................................................................ 11 III. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION .......................................... 13 A. Information Disclosure, Public Consultation and Participation Carried out during the DDREM Preparation .............................................................................................................................................. 13 B. Information Disclosure ........................................................................................................................ 16 IV. BENEFICIAL MEASURES..................................................................................................................... 18 A. Potential Impacts on the Cham Ethnic Group .................................................................................... 18 B. Beneficial Measures ........................................................................................................................... 19 V. CAPACITY BUILDING ............................................................................................................................ 19 VI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .................................................................................................... 20 A. National Level ..................................................................................................................................... 20 B. Arrangements for Implementation of the Measures in the DDREM ................................................... 20 C. Provincial Level .................................................................................................................................. 21 D. District and Communal Levels ............................................................................................................ 21 E. Project Management and Implementation Consultants (PMIC) ......................................................... 21 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................................... 23 VIII. MONITORING, REPORTING, AND EVALUATION ............................................................................ 25 IX. BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN ........................................................................................................ 27 X. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................... 27 APPENDICES ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 1. Minutes of Consultation Meeting with Cham Ethnic Group during the DDREM Preparation ................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Appendix 2: Photos Taken during DDREM Preparation ......................................................................... 37 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: District, Communes and Villages in the Command Area ................................................................ 4 Table 2: Population of Cham Ethnic Group in the Command Area .............................................................. 6 Table 3: Age Bracket of Ethnic Household Members in the Command Area ............................................... 6 Table 4: Education Level of Ethnic Household Members over 15 Years Old in the Command Area........... 7 Table 5: Percentage of Children Who Drop out of School Disaggregated by Ethnicity (%) ......................... 7 Table 6: Main Occupation of Household Members in Working Age ............................................................. 8 Table 7: Main Source of Ethnic Minority Household Income ........................................................................ 8 Table 8: Number of Migrants........................................................................................................................

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