Local Governments and Climate Change-Iii (Lgcc3)
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Project/Programme Title: LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE-III (LGCC3) Country(ies): Cambodia National Designated Ministry of Environment Authority(ies) (NDA): National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development Accredited Entity(ies) (AE): Secretariat Date of first submission: 08.10.2020 V.1 Date of current submission: 17.02.2021 V.2 Version: 2 Eligibility for SAP is determined by the review of the concept note and the ESS screening. Simplified Approval Process CONCEPT NOTE TEMPLATE V.1.4 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 1 OF 6 A. Project / Programme Summary (max. 1 page) ☒ Project A.2. Public or ☒ Public sector Enhancing Direct A.1. Project or programme A.3 RFP ☐ Programme private sector ☐ Private sector Acess (EDA) Check the applicable GCF result area(s) that the proposed project/programme targets. Indicate for each checked result area(s) the estimated percentage of GCF budget devoted to it. The summed up percentage should be equal to 100%. Mitigation: Reduced emissions from: ☐ Energy access and power generation: 0 % ☐ Low emission transport: 0 % A.4. Indicate the result ☐ Buildings, cities and industries and appliances: 0 % areas for the ☐ Forestry and land use: 0 % project/programme Adaptation: Increased resilience of: ☒ Most vulnerable people and communities: 25 % ☒ Health and well-being, and food and water security: 20 % ☒ Infrastructure and built environment: 50 % ☒ Ecosystem and ecosystem services: 5 % A.5.1. Estimated mitigation impact (tCO2eq over project lifespan) tCO2eq A.5.2. Estimated adaptation impact 160,000 direct beneficiaries (number of direct beneficiaries) A.5. Impact potential A.5.3. Estimated adaptation impact 1,066,000 indirect beneficiaries (number of indirect beneficiaries) A.5.4. Estimated adaptation impact 6.5 % of the country’s total population (% of total population) A.6. Financing information A. 6.1. Indicative GCF Amount: 10,000,000 Currency: usd Financial Instrument: Grants funding requested (max (If other financial instrument is opted, please specify: _ ) 10M) * Please expand the information if needed. Amount: 0 Currency: usd Financial Instrument: Grants A.6.2. Indicative co-financing (If other financial instrument is opted, please specify: _ ) * Please expand the information if needed. A.6.3. Indicative total project Amount: 10,000,000 Currency: usd cost (GCF + co-finance) a) disbursement A.7. Implementation period: 60 A.7.2. Total project/ programme 240 period: b) repayment period, lifespan if applicable: A.8. Is funding from the A.9. Is the Environmental and ☒ Yes ☒ Yes Project Preparation Social Safeguards Category C or ☐ ☐ Facility needed? No I-3? No The project ESS categorization is C with proposed activities to be considered of low risk with no to minimal adverse impact to the environment or to society. LGCC-3 will A.10. Provide rationale for support climate resilient capacity development, agricultural livelihoods for poor and the ESS categorization vulnerable farmers, and necessary small scale community infrastructure which may (max 100 words) include: domestic water supplies, rehabilitation of near-farm and on-farm water management infrastructure, non-intrusive flood refuges and climate-proofing of other community infrastructure such as rural roads. All sub-projects will be screened for Simplified Approval Process CONCEPT NOTE TEMPLATE V.1.4 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 2 OF 6 environmental and social risks using established procedures. Any sub-projects deemed a significant risk with adverse impacts will be excluded. A.11. Has the CN been ☒ Yes ☐ Confidential A.12. Confidentiality1 shared with the NDA? ☐ No ☒ Not confidential A.13. Executing Entity information NCDDS, Sub-National Administrations food security. Climate trends including greater unpredictability rainy season, increased floods and droughts and higher temperatures are stressing farming systems. Local Governments are responsible to support adaptation but lack capacity and resources. Local Governments Climate Change Phase 3 (LGCC-3) Objective: “Cambodia's A.14. Project/Programme local governments are fully enabled to play their role in building climate rationale, objectives and approach of resilience and fostering sustainable development” will be achieved through programme/project (max capacity development, integrating science-based and participatory adaptation planning 200 words) and Performance Based Climate Resilience Grants to local governments. NCDDS will manage the grants and will monitor E&S risks. UNCDF will support capacity development and knowledge management. B. Project / Programme information B.1. Context and Baseline (700 words) Please see Annex 3 for information and maps supportive of the climate rationale including impacts, vulnerabilities and opportunities for improving resilience. Cambodia is a least developed, predominantly agrarian country with approximately 76%[1] of its 15.85 million citizens living in rural areas which comprise 98% of the country's total landmass. Cambodia's climate is tropical, 1901-2016 historical data shows mean annual temperatures of 25-27 degrees Celsius, with highs up to 40 degrees Celsius; and mean annual precipitation of 1,840 mm, with highs of up to 5,000 mm. There are two distinct seasons: a monsoonal rainy season (May to October) delivering up to 90% of the country's annual precipitation; and the dry season from November to April. Baseline change to the climate since 1960 include: mean annual temperature increases by 0.8°C, an increase in the frequency of hots days and hots nights and a decrease in frequency of cold days. Mean rainfall trends are not statistically significant, with some areas experiencing increases and others decreases.[2] Expected climate projections for Cambodia based on multi-model ensembles, under the RCP 8.5 in 2040-2059[3] include mean annual temperature will rise by 1.54 degrees Celsius; annual precipitation will rise by 83 mm; annual cooling degree days will rise by 1,123 mm; and the annual maximum 5-day rainfall will rise by 34 mm. All projections indicate hot days increasing by 14-49% and hot nights increasing by 24-68% with drastic decreases in cold days and nights and monsoonal rain increases. 1 Concept notes (or sections of) not marked as confidential may be published in accordance with the Information Disclosure Policy (Decision B.12/35) and the Review of the Initial Proposal Approval Process (Decision B.17/18). Simplified Approval Process CONCEPT NOTE TEMPLATE V.1.4 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 3 OF 6 Many of the key climate stressors impacting Cambodia are already prevalent from recent observations[4] and include increased: temperatures, evapotranspiration, drought, frequency intensity of extreme weather events (especially tropical storms), flooding, sea-level rise, and changes in rainfall patterns. Cambodia has a climate dependent economy and as such, climate change acts as a threat multiplier impacting poverty, nutrition, agricultural dependence, settlements in flood-prone areas, public health and ecosystems. Agricultural and fishery activities comprise about 27% and 12% of GDP respectively[5] and are essential for food security and livelihoods. Although Cambodia has experienced a steady GDP of 8% over the last two decades owing growth in the garment export and tourism industries[6] drastic climate changes, coupled with one of the lowest adaptive capacities in South East Asia[7], and poor infrastructure have resulted in increased vulnerabilities. The Global Climate Risk Index now ranks Cambodia as the 14th most climate risk prone country in the world[8]. Based upon these and other impacts, climate change may reduce the country's annual average GDP growth by 6.6% and absolute GDP by 0.4% in 2020, by 2.5% in 2030, and up to 9.8% in 2050[9], in addition to threatening lives, livelihoods and ecosystem health. Climate risks for agriculture are numerous with traditional farming systems under increasing stress due to disruptions seeing the wet season becoming shorter but more intense resulting in floods, and the dry season becoming longer resulting in water shortages, dry spells and the emergence of pests and diseases. Drier conditions combined with changing rainfall patterns lead to decreasing crop production and damaged or degraded agricultural land. This is particularly significant as rain-fed agriculture is a key component for most rural households unable to access or afford irrigation infrastructure. For example, rice is the predominant staple and is 80% rainfed, however with greater unpredicatablity seasons, farmers are unable to plan effectively - to plant, fertilise and harvest at optimal times. According to some studies[10], this could lead to 9.9% losses in wet season yields and 7.7 % loss in dry season yields by 2050, respectively. Other risks include increases in disease and pests impacting crop cycles and losses, and requiring farmers to invest further in crop additives such as pesticides, which may be damaging to land and water resources. Livestock farming, mainly poultry and pigs, is an important supplementary income source for land-poor families which are now vulnerable to high temperatures, water shortages and increased spread of disease. The impacts include loss of household income through livestock deaths or under-market sales. Climate risks impacting water resources further increase vulnerability for agriculture, fisheries and related food security and livelihoods, in addition to impacting ecosystems health through flow regime alterations and saline intrusion. Irrigation systems are often degraded and lead to inefficient