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The Dark Unknown History
Ds 2014:8 The Dark Unknown History White Paper on Abuses and Rights Violations Against Roma in the 20th Century Ds 2014:8 The Dark Unknown History White Paper on Abuses and Rights Violations Against Roma in the 20th Century 2 Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU) and Ministry Publications Series (Ds) can be purchased from Fritzes' customer service. Fritzes Offentliga Publikationer are responsible for distributing copies of Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU) and Ministry publications series (Ds) for referral purposes when commissioned to do so by the Government Offices' Office for Administrative Affairs. Address for orders: Fritzes customer service 106 47 Stockholm Fax orders to: +46 (0)8-598 191 91 Order by phone: +46 (0)8-598 191 90 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.fritzes.se Svara på remiss – hur och varför. [Respond to a proposal referred for consideration – how and why.] Prime Minister's Office (SB PM 2003:2, revised 02/05/2009) – A small booklet that makes it easier for those who have to respond to a proposal referred for consideration. The booklet is free and can be downloaded or ordered from http://www.regeringen.se/ (only available in Swedish) Cover: Blomquist Annonsbyrå AB. Printed by Elanders Sverige AB Stockholm 2015 ISBN 978-91-38-24266-7 ISSN 0284-6012 3 Preface In March 2014, the then Minister for Integration Erik Ullenhag presented a White Paper entitled ‘The Dark Unknown History’. It describes an important part of Swedish history that had previously been little known. The White Paper has been very well received. Both Roma people and the majority population have shown great interest in it, as have public bodies, central government agencies and local authorities. -
Problem of Creating a Professional Dictionary of Uncodified Vocabulary
Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana ISSN: 1315-5216 ISSN: 2477-9555 [email protected] Universidad del Zulia Venezuela Problem of Creating a Professional Dictionary of Uncodified Vocabulary MOROZOVA, O.A; YAKHINA, A.M; PESTOVA, M.S Problem of Creating a Professional Dictionary of Uncodified Vocabulary Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, vol. 25, no. Esp.7, 2020 Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=27964362018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4009661 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative O.A MOROZOVA, et al. Problem of Creating a Professional Dictionary of Uncodified Vocabulary Artículos Problem of Creating a Professional Dictionary of Uncodified Vocabulary Problema de crear un diccionario profesional de vocabulario no codificado O.A MOROZOVA DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4009661 Kazan Federal University, Rusia Redalyc: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa? [email protected] id=27964362018 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-5858 A.M YAKHINA Kazan Federal University, Rusia [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8914-0995 M.S PESTOVA Ural State Law University, Rusia [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7996-9636 Received: 03 August 2020 Accepted: 10 September 2020 Abstract: e article considers the problem of lexicographical fixation of uncodified vocabulary in a professional dictionary. e oil sublanguage, being one of the variants of common language realization used by a limited group of its medium in conditions of official and also non-official communication, provides interaction of people employed in the oil industry. -
Methods in Lexicography and Dictionary Research* Stefan J
Methods in Lexicography and Dictionary Research* Stefan J. Schierholz, Department Germanistik und Komparatistik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany ([email protected]) Abstract: Methods are used in every stage of dictionary-making and in every scientific analysis which is carried out in the field of dictionary research. This article presents some general consid- erations on methods in philosophy of science, gives an overview of many methods used in linguis- tics, in lexicography, dictionary research as well as of the areas these methods are applied in. Keywords: SCIENTIFIC METHODS, LEXICOGRAPHICAL METHODS, THEORY, META- LEXICOGRAPHY, DICTIONARY RESEARCH, PRACTICAL LEXICOGRAPHY, LEXICO- GRAPHICAL PROCESS, SYSTEMATIC DICTIONARY RESEARCH, CRITICAL DICTIONARY RESEARCH, HISTORICAL DICTIONARY RESEARCH, RESEARCH ON DICTIONARY USE Opsomming: Metodes in leksikografie en woordeboeknavorsing. Metodes word gebruik in elke fase van woordeboekmaak en in elke wetenskaplike analise wat in die woor- deboeknavorsingsveld uitgevoer word. In hierdie artikel word algemene oorwegings vir metodes in wetenskapfilosofie voorgelê, 'n oorsig word gegee van baie metodes wat in die taalkunde, leksi- kografie en woordeboeknavorsing gebruik word asook van die areas waarin hierdie metodes toe- gepas word. Sleutelwoorde: WETENSKAPLIKE METODES, LEKSIKOGRAFIESE METODES, TEORIE, METALEKSIKOGRAFIE, WOORDEBOEKNAVORSING, PRAKTIESE LEKSIKOGRAFIE, LEKSI- KOGRAFIESE PROSES, SISTEMATIESE WOORDEBOEKNAVORSING, KRITIESE WOORDE- BOEKNAVORSING, HISTORIESE WOORDEBOEKNAVORSING, NAVORSING OP WOORDE- BOEKGEBRUIK 1. Introduction In dictionary production and in scientific work which is carried out in the field of dictionary research, methods are used to reach certain results. Currently there is no comprehensive and up-to-date documentation of these particular methods in English. The article of Mann and Schierholz published in Lexico- * This article is based on the article from Mann and Schierholz published in Lexicographica 30 (2014). -
Organizing Knowledge: Comparative Structures of Intersubjectivity in Nineteenth-Century Historical Dictionaries
Organizing Knowledge: Comparative Structures of Intersubjectivity in Nineteenth-Century Historical Dictionaries Kelly M. Kistner A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Gary G. Hamilton, Chair Steven Pfaff Katherine Stovel Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Sociology ©Copyright 2014 Kelly M. Kistner University of Washington Abstract Organizing Knowledge: Comparative Structures of Intersubjectivity in Nineteenth-Century Historical Dictionaries Kelly Kistner Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Gary G. Hamilton Sociology Between 1838 and 1857 language scholars throughout Europe were inspired to create a new kind of dictionary. Deemed historical dictionaries, their projects took an unprecedented leap in style and scale from earlier forms of lexicography. These lexicographers each sought to compile historical inventories of their national languages and were inspired by the new scientific approach of comparative philology. For them, this science promised a means to illuminate general processes of social change and variation, as well as the linguistic foundations for cultural and national unity. This study examines two such projects: The German Dictionary, Deutsches Worterbuch, of the Grimm Brothers, and what became the Oxford English Dictionary. Both works utilized collaborative models of large-scale, long-term production, yet the content of the dictionaries would differ in remarkable ways. The German dictionary would be characterized by its lack of definitions of meaning, its eclectic treatment of entries, rich analytical prose, and self- referential discourse; whereas the English dictionary would feature succinct, standardized, and impersonal entries. Using primary source materials, this research investigates why the dictionaries came to differ. -
Family Language Policy in Bilingual Finnish and Swedish Families in Finland
FAMILY LANGUAGE POLICY IN BILINGUAL FINNISH AND SWEDISH FAMILIES IN FINLAND Austin Huhta Master’s Thesis Applied Linguistics Department of Language and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Fall 2020 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Faculty Department Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Language and Communication Studies Author Austin Huhta Title Family Language Policy in Bilingual Finnish and Swedish Families in Finland Subject Level Applied Language Studies Master’s Thesis Month and year Number of pages December 2020 30 Abstract In Finland families are only allowed to choose one language for their child to be the child’s L1 even if the family is bilingual. With both Finnish and Swedish being national languages of Finland this thesis looked into which language a family chose, why they chose it, and how they helped their child maintain it. Looking at their perspective on this can allow us to get further insight into family language policy in Finland. The research method used here is a case study, with semi-structured interviews for the data collection and interpretive phenomenological analysis for the data analysis. This thesis interviewed a bilingual family with a Finn and a Swedish Swede and their one child. It found that while their initial language choice was Swedish, that their family language policy was dynamic. Over time the child was switched from Swedish medium education to Finnish medium education; however, at home multiple family language policies worked together to help maintain his Swedish language skills. The findings demonstrated that the right combination of family language policies and more formal educational settings can work together to help children grow up to be bilingual even if the minority language is mainly used at home. -
Historical Astrolexicography and Old Publications
Library and Information Services in Astronomy III ASP Conference Series, Vol. 153, 1998 U. Grothkopf, H. Andernach, S. Stevens-Rayburn, and M. Gomez (eds.) Historical Astrolexicography and Old Publications Terry J. Mahoney Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Abstract. I describe how the principles of lexicography have been ap- plied in limited ways in astronomy and look at the revision work under way for the third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary,which,when completed, will contain the widest and most detailed coverage of the as- tronomical lexicon in the English language. Finally, I argue the need for a dedicated historical dictionary of astronomy based rigorously on a corpus of quotations from sources published in English from the beginnings of written English to the present day. 1. The Role of Lexicography in Astronomy Lexicography is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary1 as “the writing or com- pilation of a lexicon or dictionary.” Among the various senses for lexicon listed in OED2 is, “The vocabulary proper to some department of knowledge or sphere of activity.” I define astrolexicography as the application of the practices of lex- icography to the astronomical lexicon. However, the discipline of lexicography may be applied to many types of reference works other than dictionaries (for example, “encyclopaedic dictionaries”, glossaries of technical terms, thesauri, lists of key words, etc.). A full survey of astronomical lexicographical works will be the subject of a future paper. Here I shall limit myself to identifying what I consider to be an important lacuna in astronomical literature. -
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Journal of Balkan and Black Sea Studies Year 4, Issue 6, June 2021, pp. 155-212. Bulgaria’s Secret Empire: An Ultimatum to North Macedonia Tomasz Kamusella Abstract: In the summer of 2019, 30 years after the end of communism in Europe, Bulgaria began to forward the way of Skopje numerous onerous demands as a salient precondition for opening European Union (EU) accession negotiation talks with North Macedonia. All of these demands are dictated by ethnolinguistic nationalism that underlies the Bulgarian national master narrative. On 9 October 2019, the Bulgarian government officially adopted these demands in the form of an ultimatum, bar the term. Sofia did not have to deploy this ultimatum to stop the talks, since earlier Paris temporarily blocked the pending accession negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia. It appears that in the face of economic and political problems at home, Bulgarian politicians tend to use nationalism (and populism) to divert citizens’ attention. The Bulgarian government seems to emulate the Kremlin’s policy of the “Russian World,” which on the basis of ethnolinguistic nationalism claims for Russia all the territories inhabited by Russian-speakers. After the fall of communism, a similar policy of “Bulgarian World” (Bılgarski sviat) has been pursued by Sofia from Moldova to North Macedonia and Albania, clamouring for recognizing all the Slavic-speakers in this wide area as members of Ph.D., Reader in Modern History, University of St Andrews, Scotland, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3484-8352; e-mail: [email protected] Submitted: 21.12.2020, Accepted: 16.06.2021 TOMASZ KAMUSELLA the Bulgarian nation. -
Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities
Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Edited by Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold Niina Hynninen Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold • Niina Hynninen Editors Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Editors Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold Department of English Department of English Stockholm University Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Niina Hynninen Department of Languages University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ISBN 978-3-030-38754-9 ISBN 978-3-030-38755-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38755-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
The Racist Legacy in Modern Swedish Saami Policy1
THE RACIST LEGACY IN MODERN SWEDISH SAAMI POLICY1 Roger Kvist Department of Saami Studies Umeå University S-901 87 Umeå Sweden Abstract/Resume The Swedish national state (1548-1846) did not treat the Saami any differently than the population at large. The Swedish nation state (1846- 1971) in practice created a system of institutionalized racism towards the nomadic Saami. Saami organizations managed to force the Swedish welfare state to adopt a policy of ethnic tolerance beginning in 1971. The earlier racist policy, however, left a strong anti-Saami rights legacy among the non-Saami population of the North. The increasing willingness of both the left and the right of Swedish political life to take advantage of this racist legacy, makes it unlikely that Saami self-determination will be realized within the foreseeable future. L'état suédois national (1548-1846) n'a pas traité les Saami d'une manière différente de la population générale. L'Etat de la nation suédoise (1846- 1971) a créé en pratique un système de racisme institutionnalisé vers les Saami nomades. Les organisations saamies ont réussi à obliger l'Etat- providence suédois à adopter une politique de tolérance ethnique à partir de 1971. Pourtant, la politique précédente de racisme a fait un legs fort des droits anti-saamis parmi la population non-saamie du nord. En con- séquence de l'empressement croissant de la gauche et de la droite de la vie politique suédoise de profiter de ce legs raciste, il est peu probable que l'autodétermination soit atteinte dans un avenir prévisible. 204 Roger Kvist Introduction In 1981 the Supreme Court of Sweden stated that the Saami right to reindeer herding, and adjacent rights to hunting and fishing, was a form of private property. -
The Art of Lexicography - Niladri Sekhar Dash
LINGUISTICS - The Art of Lexicography - Niladri Sekhar Dash THE ART OF LEXICOGRAPHY Niladri Sekhar Dash Linguistic Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India Keywords: Lexicology, linguistics, grammar, encyclopedia, normative, reference, history, etymology, learner’s dictionary, electronic dictionary, planning, data collection, lexical extraction, lexical item, lexical selection, typology, headword, spelling, pronunciation, etymology, morphology, meaning, illustration, example, citation Contents 1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. The History of Lexicography 4. Lexicography and Allied Fields 4.1. Lexicology and Lexicography 4.2. Linguistics and Lexicography 4.3. Grammar and Lexicography 4.4. Encyclopedia and lexicography 5. Typological Classification of Dictionary 5.1. General Dictionary 5.2. Normative Dictionary 5.3. Referential or Descriptive Dictionary 5.4. Historical Dictionary 5.5. Etymological Dictionary 5.6. Dictionary of Loanwords 5.7. Encyclopedic Dictionary 5.8. Learner's Dictionary 5.9. Monolingual Dictionary 5.10. Special Dictionaries 6. Electronic Dictionary 7. Tasks for Dictionary Making 7.1. Panning 7.2. Data Collection 7.3. Extraction of lexical items 7.4. SelectionUNESCO of Lexical Items – EOLSS 7.5. Mode of Lexical Selection 8. Dictionary Making: General Dictionary 8.1. HeadwordsSAMPLE CHAPTERS 8.2. Spelling 8.3. Pronunciation 8.4. Etymology 8.5. Morphology and Grammar 8.6. Meaning 8.7. Illustrative Examples and Citations 9. Conclusion Acknowledgements ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) LINGUISTICS - The Art of Lexicography - Niladri Sekhar Dash Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The art of dictionary making is as old as the field of linguistics. People started to cultivate this field from the very early age of our civilization, probably seven to eight hundred years before the Christian era. -
The Complex Construction of Multilingual Identity: a Comparative Study in Three European Contexts of L3+ Learning
The Complex Construction of Multilingual Identity: A comparative study in three European contexts of L3+ learning Harper Staples Corpus Christi College Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge June 2020 This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Declaration This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any work that has already been submitted before for any degree or other qualification except as declared in the preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the Education Degree Committee. Harper Staples, 28/05/2020 2 Abstract The commonly-cited phrase that bi- and multilingualism are no longer exceptions but rather the rule in most parts of the world is often-cited. This plurilingual reality has profound effects on the daily lives of many, and thus also represents a common experience of a considerable proportion of today’s students in compulsory education. Despite this wide recognition, there remains still a paucity of studies that examine the impact that the acquisition of multiple languages has upon a learner’s sense of self, and moreover, studies that consider methods though which we might evaluate and model these constructions of complex self-concept. A greater understanding of such processes of identification has potential social and educational implications. This PhD study has explored the phenomenon of adolescent multilingual language learner identity development via a mixed-methods, comparative context approach at three school sites based in Finland, France & England. -
A Multilingual Evaluation Dataset for Monolingual Word Sense Alignment
A Multilingual Evaluation Dataset for Monolingual Word Sense Alignment Sina Ahmadi*, John P. McCrae*, Sanni Nimb1, Fahad Khan3, Monica Monachini3, Bolette S. Pedersen8, Thierry Declerck2,12, Tanja Wissik2, Andrea Bellandi3, Irene Pisani4, Thomas Troelsgard˚ 1, Sussi Olsen8, Simon Krek5, Veronika Lipp6, Tamas´ Varadi´ 6,Laszl´ o´ Simon6, Andras´ Gyorffy˝ 6, Carole Tiberius9, Tanneke Schoonheim9, Yifat Ben Moshe10, Maya Rudich10, Raya Abu Ahmad10, Dorielle Lonke10, Kira Kovalenko11, Margit Langemets13, Jelena Kallas13, Oksana Dereza7, Theodorus Fransen7, David Cillessen7, David Lindemann14, Mikel Alonso14, Ana Salgado15 Jose´ Luis Sancho16, Rafael-J. Urena-Ruiz˜ 16, Jordi Porta Zamorano16, Kiril Simov17, Petya Osenova17, Zara Kancheva17, Ivaylo Radev17, Ranka Stankovic´18, Andrej Perdih19, Dejan Gabrovsekˇ 19 *Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway fsina.ahmadi,[email protected] (other affiliations in Appendix A) Abstract Aligning senses across resources and languages is a challenging task with beneficial applications in the field of natural language process- ing and electronic lexicography. In this paper, we describe our efforts in manually aligning monolingual dictionaries. The alignment is carried out at sense-level for various resources in 15 languages. Moreover, senses are annotated with possible semantic relationships such as broadness, narrowness, relatedness, and equivalence. In comparison to previous datasets for this task, this dataset covers a wide range of languages and resources and focuses on the more challenging task of linking general-purpose language. We believe that our data will pave the way for further advances in alignment and evaluation of word senses by creating new solutions, particularly those notoriously requiring data such as neural networks. Our resources are publicly available at https://github.com/elexis-eu/MWSA.