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Literacy and Census: E Case of Banat Bulgarians, 1890–1910
144 P P Literacy and Census: e Case of Banat Bulgarians, 1890–1910 Literacy is a dynamic category that changes over time. e understanding of writing has gradually been expanding while its public signi cance has been increasing. e transition to widespread literacy was performed from the 17 th to the 19 th centuries and was connected with the rise of the bourgeoisie, with the development of services and technology that generated economic demand for literate workers. is transition was a slow and gradual process and deve- loped at di erent rates in di erent geographical regions, but from a global point of view it was marked by unprecedented social transformation: while in the mid-19 th century only 10% of the adult population of the world could read and write, in the 21 st century – despite the ve-fold increase in population – 80% have basic literacy. 1 In recent decades this transformation has caused a considerable research interest in the history of literacy and the process of over- coming illiteracy. On the Subject of Research Herein, with respect to the spread of literacy in Austria–Hungary are studied the Banat Bulgarians, who are Western Rite Catholics. In 1890 they numbered 14 801 people. At that time the Banat Bulgarians had already been seled in the Habsburg Empire for a century and a half. ey were refugees from the district of Chiprovtsi town (Northwestern Bulgaria) who had le Bulgarian lands aer the unsuccessful anti-Ooman uprising of 1688. Passing through Wallachia and Southwest Transylvania (the laer under Austrian rule) in the 1 Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2006. -
CULTURAL HERITAGE in MIGRATION Published Within the Project Cultural Heritage in Migration
CULTURAL HERITAGE IN MIGRATION Published within the project Cultural Heritage in Migration. Models of Consolidation and Institutionalization of the Bulgarian Communities Abroad funded by the Bulgarian National Science Fund © Nikolai Vukov, Lina Gergova, Tanya Matanova, Yana Gergova, editors, 2017 © Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum – BAS, 2017 © Paradigma Publishing House, 2017 ISBN 978-954-326-332-5 BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ETHNOLOGY AND FOLKLORE STUDIES WITH ETHNOGRAPHIC MUSEUM CULTURAL HERITAGE IN MIGRATION Edited by Nikolai Vukov, Lina Gergova Tanya Matanova, Yana Gergova Paradigma Sofia • 2017 CONTENTS EDITORIAL............................................................................................................................9 PART I: CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A PROCESS DISPLACEMENT – REPLACEMENT. REAL AND INTERNALIZED GEOGRAPHY IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MIGRATION............................................21 Slobodan Dan Paich THE RUSSIAN-LIPOVANS IN ITALY: PRESERVING CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS HERITAGE IN MIGRATION.............................................................41 Nina Vlaskina CLASS AND RELIGION IN THE SHAPING OF TRADITION AMONG THE ISTANBUL-BASED ORTHODOX BULGARIANS...............................55 Magdalena Elchinova REPRESENTATIONS OF ‘COMPATRIOTISM’. THE SLOVAK DIASPORA POLITICS AS A TOOL FOR BUILDING AND CULTIVATING DIASPORA.............72 Natália Blahová FOLKLORE AS HERITAGE: THE EXPERIENCE OF BULGARIANS IN HUNGARY.......................................................................................................................88 -
Family Language Policy in Bilingual Finnish and Swedish Families in Finland
FAMILY LANGUAGE POLICY IN BILINGUAL FINNISH AND SWEDISH FAMILIES IN FINLAND Austin Huhta Master’s Thesis Applied Linguistics Department of Language and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Fall 2020 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Faculty Department Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Language and Communication Studies Author Austin Huhta Title Family Language Policy in Bilingual Finnish and Swedish Families in Finland Subject Level Applied Language Studies Master’s Thesis Month and year Number of pages December 2020 30 Abstract In Finland families are only allowed to choose one language for their child to be the child’s L1 even if the family is bilingual. With both Finnish and Swedish being national languages of Finland this thesis looked into which language a family chose, why they chose it, and how they helped their child maintain it. Looking at their perspective on this can allow us to get further insight into family language policy in Finland. The research method used here is a case study, with semi-structured interviews for the data collection and interpretive phenomenological analysis for the data analysis. This thesis interviewed a bilingual family with a Finn and a Swedish Swede and their one child. It found that while their initial language choice was Swedish, that their family language policy was dynamic. Over time the child was switched from Swedish medium education to Finnish medium education; however, at home multiple family language policies worked together to help maintain his Swedish language skills. The findings demonstrated that the right combination of family language policies and more formal educational settings can work together to help children grow up to be bilingual even if the minority language is mainly used at home. -
Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities
Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Edited by Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold Niina Hynninen Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold • Niina Hynninen Editors Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Editors Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold Department of English Department of English Stockholm University Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Niina Hynninen Department of Languages University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ISBN 978-3-030-38754-9 ISBN 978-3-030-38755-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38755-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
A Comparison Among Neighbours on the Moldova-Ukrainian Border
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Vol 17, No 1, 2018, 1-23. Copyright © ECMI 2018 This article is located at: http://www.ecmi.de/fileadmin/downloads/publications/JEMIE/2018/Schl egel.pdf How could the Gagauz Achieve Autonomy and what has it Achieved for them? A Comparison Among Neighbours on the Moldova-Ukrainian Border Simon Schlegel* East-Ukrainian Centre for Civic Initiatives Abstract In southern Bessarabia, a multi-ethnic region on the Moldovan-Ukrainian border, one ethnic group, the Turkic speaking Gagauz, have managed to negotiate a unique autonomy status with the Moldovan government in 1994. Neither their Bulgarian neighbours nor the Gagauz on the Ukrainian side of the border have achieved a similar degree of political autonomy. The analysis presented here looks into the historical factors that enabled autonomy for the Gagauz in Moldova. It wraps up the literature on the emergence of the autonomy status and draws on interviews with activists and educators. It appears that a unique geopolitical constellation was more decisive for the achievement of autonomy than local or national ethno-politics. The comparison with neighbouring groups suggests that under the precarious economic circumstances in the region, the effect of autonomy on the preservation of language was rather small. The main effect of the autonomy was that the Gagauz elite had the means to adopt their own geopolitical position, sometimes contradicting the central government. With the beginning of the Ukrainian Russian conflict in 2014 this characteristic of Gagauz autonomy came to be seen as a potentially dangerous precedent in Ukraine. Keywords: Ukraine; Moldova; Gagauz autonomy; language policy * Research for this paper has been generously funded by the Max-Planck-Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle, Germany. -
Yaroslav KICHUK Tetyana SHEVCHUK PUBLIC
Yaroslav KICHUK Tetyana SHEVCHUK PUBLIC MOVEMENT OF THE NATIONAL MINORITIES IN BUDZHAK POLIETHNIC SOCIETY AS A FACTOR OF INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION (PERIOD OF INDEPENDENT UKRAINE) - Abstract - The article deals with the revival of civil society institutions, cultural activities of national minorities and people-to-people diplomacy of national and cultural public organizations in Budzhak – the Ukrainian region, located between the Dniester and the Danube deltas, bordering on Romania and Moldova. A significant increase in ethnic consciousness, as well as a sharp focus of regional communities on the preservation and development of their national languages and cultural traditions has been observed in the territory of the Budzhak frontier since the late 1980s. The imperative for the development of the Ukrainian post-imperial transformational society in Budzhak has been the synergy of activities of the Albanian, Bulgarian, Gagauze, German, Greek, Jew, Polish, Romanian (Moldovan), Russian, Ukrainian etc. national minorities with the purpose of developing their language and culture (traditions, rituals and beliefs, art and song, folk crafts) and preserving the cultural identity of their ethnic groups. To gain mutual understanding in interethnic relations, the representatives of national diasporas, together with the local educational establishments, take great pains to create optimal conditions for the development of all national minorities, pay enormous attention to educational activities aimed at raising the historical memory of the peoples of Budzhak, promote intercultural dialogue and tolerance as necessary prerequisites for living in multicultural society. Keywords: national minorities; development of local communities; civil society institutions; national and cultural public organizations; non- Izmail State University of Humanities, Ukraine ([email protected]), ORCID: 0000-0003- 0931-1211. -
Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) // Slověne
Patterns and Паттерны и Mechanisms of механизмы Lexical Changes in the лексических Languages of Symbiotic изменений в языках Communities: симбиотических Kinship Terminology сообществ: термины in Karashevo родства в Карашево (Banat, Romania) (Банат, Румыния) Daria V. Konior Дарья Владимировна Конёр The Institute for Linguistic Studies Институт лингвистических исследований of the Russian Academy of Sciences Российской академии наук St. Petersburg, Russia С.-Петербург, Россия Abstract This article deals with the ethnolinguistic situation in one of the most archaic areas of language and cultural contact between South Slavic and Eastern Ro- mance populations—the Karashevo microregion in Banat, Romania. For the fi rst time, the lexical-semantic group of kinship terms in the Krashovani dia- lects from the Slavic-speaking village of Carașova and the Romanian-speak- ing village of Iabalcea is being analysed in a comparative perspective as two Цитирование: Konior D. V. Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) // Slověne. 2020. Vol. 9, № 1. C. 381–411. Citation: Konior D. V. (2019) Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania). Slověne, Vol. 9, № 1, p. 381–411. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.1.14 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 2020 №1 Slověne Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: 382 | Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) separate linguistic codes which “serve” the same local culture. The main goal of the research was to investigate patterns of borrowing mechanisms which could link lexical (sub)systems of spiritual culture under the conditions of in- timate language contact in symbiotic communities. -
Folkloric Aspects of the Romanian Imaginary and Myth
Folkloric Aspects of the Romanian Imaginary and Myth Folkloric Aspects of the Romanian Imaginary and Myth By Claudia Costin Folkloric Aspects of the Romanian Imaginary and Myth By Claudia Costin This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Claudia Costin All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-1111-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-1111-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................... vii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Calendar Holydays: The Mythical Dimension and the Spectacular The Custom of the Lads from Şcheii Braşovului: Mythical Reminiscences and Symbolical Valences ........................................ 1 From Mythic-ritualistic Gesture to Popular Show Căluşarii ................ 12 The Sânziene—Between Tradition and Actuality ................................ 21 Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 25 The Woman in Historical Romania The Imaginary of the Female Body -
Bulgarian Diaspora in the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Bulgaria (1992-2013)
UDC 327(497.2):323.113(=163.2) B. P. Grushetsky Taurida National V. I. Vernadsky University (Simferopol) BULGARIAN DIASPORA IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA (1992-2013) Protecting the rights of Bulgarians living abroad is regarded as one of Bulgaria's foreign policy priorities by all its governments. The role of the Bulgarian Diaspora in foreign policy is determined by the fact that the number of Bulgarians living outside the historic homeland is 1.5 million people according to the State Agency of Bulgarians abroad (SABA). It exceeds 20% of the total number of Bulgarian people. Presently there aren’t comprehensive studies of the foreign policy of Bulgaria concerning the Bulgarian Diaspora. Some publications analyzed only the impact of this policy on bilateral relations of Bulgaria with certain countries, where ethnic Bulgarians live: Albania [2; 42] Serbia [1; 3; 26; 34; 40], Ukraine [9; 27]. Legal acts of the Republic of Bulgaria are used for more complete topic disclosure: the Constitution [11], laws [6-8], government programs [19-21; 30], decrees of the Council of Ministers [14-18], international agreements [5] and other official documents [10; 22; 24; 29; 31]. Statistical data of SABA [23] and the official census [4; 13; 28; 32; 33; 35-39; 41] are used for count the number of Bulgarians living abroad. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the main features of the state policy of the Republic of Bulgaria concerning the Bulgarians living abroad. Research objectives: to identify the main areas of settlement of the Bulgarian Diaspora, to analyze legal acts that govern the relationship between the official authorities of Bulgaria and Bulgarians living abroad, to distinguish state institutions responsible for the implementation of this direction of foreign policy of Bulgaria, to determine the stages of the state policy in this area, including nature of reform in 2009-2011. -
Bulgaria Citizenship Report May 25 2013
EUDO CITIZENSHIP OBSERVATORY COUNTRY REPORT: BULGARIA Daniel Smilov and Elena Jileva Revised and updated May 2013 http://eudo-citizenship.eu European University Institute, Florence Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies EUDO Citizenship Observatory Report on Bulgaria Daniel Smilov and Elena Jileva Revised and updated May 2013 EUDO Citizenship Observatory Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies in collaboration with Edinburgh University Law School Country Report, RSCAS/EUDO-CIT-CR 2013/22 Badia Fiesolana, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), Italy © Daniel Smilov and Elena Jileva This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. Requests should be addressed to [email protected] The views expressed in this publication cannot in any circumstances be regarded as the official position of the European Union Published in Italy European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ www.eui.eu cadmus.eui.eu Research for the EUDO Citizenship Observatory Country Reports has been jointly supported, at various times, by the European Commission grant agreements JLS/2007/IP/CA/009 EUCITAC and HOME/2010/EIFX/CA/1774 ACIT and by the British Academy Research Project CITMODES (both projects co-directed by the EUI and the University of Edinburgh). The financial support from these projects is gratefully acknowledged. For information about the project please visit the project website at http://eudo-citizenship.eu Bulgaria Daniel Smilov and Elena Jileva1 1 Introduction It is a well-known paradox that a polity cannot define its membership in a democratic way; there must be an already defined membership in order for a democratic procedure to take place. -
The Complex Construction of Multilingual Identity: a Comparative Study in Three European Contexts of L3+ Learning
The Complex Construction of Multilingual Identity: A comparative study in three European contexts of L3+ learning Harper Staples Corpus Christi College Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge June 2020 This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Declaration This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any work that has already been submitted before for any degree or other qualification except as declared in the preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the Education Degree Committee. Harper Staples, 28/05/2020 2 Abstract The commonly-cited phrase that bi- and multilingualism are no longer exceptions but rather the rule in most parts of the world is often-cited. This plurilingual reality has profound effects on the daily lives of many, and thus also represents a common experience of a considerable proportion of today’s students in compulsory education. Despite this wide recognition, there remains still a paucity of studies that examine the impact that the acquisition of multiple languages has upon a learner’s sense of self, and moreover, studies that consider methods though which we might evaluate and model these constructions of complex self-concept. A greater understanding of such processes of identification has potential social and educational implications. This PhD study has explored the phenomenon of adolescent multilingual language learner identity development via a mixed-methods, comparative context approach at three school sites based in Finland, France & England. -
Looking Beyond Scores a Study of Rater Orientations and Ratings of Speaking
Looking Beyond Scores A Study of Rater Orientations and Ratings of Speaking Linda Borger DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SPECIAL EDUCATION © LINDA BORGER, 2014 Licentiate thesis in Subject Matter Education at the Department of Education and Special Education, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg. The licentiate thesis is available for full text download at Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (GUPEA): http://hdl.handle.net/2077/38158 This licentiate thesis has been carried out within the framework of the Graduate School in Foreign Language Education “De främmande språkens didaktik” (FRAM). The Graduate School, leading to a licentiate degree, is a collaboration between the universities of Gothenburg, Lund, Stockholm and Linnaeus University, and is funded by the Swedish Research Council (project number 729-2011-5277). Abstract Title: Looking Beyond Scores – A Study of Rater Orientations and Ratings of Speaking Author: Linda Borger Language: English with a Swedish summary GUPEA: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/38158 Keywords: Performance assessment, paired speaking test, rater orientations, rater variability, inter-rater reliability, The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), Swedish national tests of English The present study aims to examine rater behaviour and rater orientations across two groups of raters evaluating oral proficiency in a paired speaking test, part of a mandatory Swedish national test of English. Six authentic conversations were rated by (1) a group of Swedish teachers of English (n = 17), using national performance standards, and (2) a group of external raters (n = 14), using scales from the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the latter to enable a tentative comparison between the Swedish foreign language syllabus for English and the CEFR.