DOCSLIB.ORG

Post-Colonialism, Autobiography and Malaysian Independence

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Post-Colonialism, Autobiography and Malaysian Independence Durham E-Theses CULTURE, POWER AND RESISTANCE: POST-COLONIALISM, AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND MALAYSIAN INDEPENDENCE WAN-AHMAD, SHARIFAH,SOPHIA How to cite: WAN-AHMAD, SHARIFAH,SOPHIA (2010) CULTURE, POWER AND RESISTANCE: POST-COLONIALISM, AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND MALAYSIAN INDEPENDENCE, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/176/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Culture, Power and Resistance: Post-Colonialism, Autobiography and Malaysian Independence Sharifah Sophia W. Ahmad A thesis submitted to Durham University as a requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Applied Social Sciences Durham University 2010 Declaration None of the material contained in this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree in the University of Durham or any other university. None of the material contained in this thesis is based on joint research. The content of this thesis consists of the author‟s original individual contribution with appropriate recognition of any references being indicated throughout. Statement of Copyright The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would not have completed this thesis if Professor Roy Boyne, my research supervisor, had not offered such infinite patience, critical commentaries and productive arguments. It was my good fortune to have benefited greatly from his excellent supervision. Ms. Louise Greener, of the Language Centre, helped enormously to introduce me to academic writing, also gave me counsel and encouragement when desperately wanting. I also had the support of Dr. Catherine Palmer, especially her guidance on fieldwork and methods. Having tried to save me from errors, they cannot be held accountable for them. I must thank the wonderful people I had the pleasure to meet and interview. They were so generous with their times and recollections. Mr. John Norton was warm and supportive in many ways. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Abdul Mutalip Abdullah, the former Dean of Faculty of Social Sciences in UNIMAS, for his unwavering trust and support, without which this research would be impossible in the first place. My Mother, Kak Ina, Didi, Tajol and Ratna, for graciously letting me pursued my ambition thousands of miles away from home. I offer deepest appreciation and love for a lifetime. ABSTRACT This research examines the relationship between the representation of colonial history and the elite claim of authority in Malaysia. Specifically, it investigates the claim that Malayan independence was achieved through a peaceful struggle. In order to address this claim, it was important to examine: 1. The representation of the colonial period in national history 2. UMNO1 dominance in politics, economy and culture, and its claim of almost total authority for the achievement of Malaysian independence. 3. The extent to which the UMNO claim has hindered the development of democratic forces. The excavation of supplementary and alternative narratives of Malaysian history has been central for this research. In particular, the mainstream representation of history is challenged through autobiographical revelation. The thesis focuses on the formation of the dominant representation during the colonial era, showing how the process suppressed other perspectives. „Radical‟ nationalism during anti- colonial struggle in the period after the Second World War, from 1945 to 1957, is explored. The perspectives and experiences of radical nationalists are used as the basis for a critique of the dominant discourse of the post-independence political elites. In particular, the emergence of autobiographical fragments has enabled exploration of mundane but abiding resistance. While some notable differences are found in the character of resistance, there remains a persistent theme of democratic aspiration in the counter-narratives of Malaysian politics and society, alongside the persisting elite structures of politics and culture extending from the colonial through to the post-colonial eras. The analysis of the autobiographical reflections of radical nationalists demonstrates levels of cultural resistance which have not been recognised until now. 1 The United Malay National Organisation (UMNO) was founded in March 1946 by Onn Jaafar, a son of Johor‟s Chief Minister and an adopted son of the Raja of Johor. He was Johor‟s Chief Minister from 1946-1949. The party‟s leadership was drawn from the aristocratic and traditional elite and this still remains true today. The party slogan was Hidup Melayu (Long live Malays) which was in contrast to its main competitor at the time, the Malay Nationalist Party (MNP) that advocated Merdeka (Freedom). ABBREVIATIONS ABIM Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia) AMCJA All-Malaya Council for Joint Action API Youth Movement for Justice (Angkatan Pemuda Insaf) AWAS Women Progressive Corps (Angkatan Wanita Sedar) CO Colonial Office DAP Democratic Action Party HICOM Heavy Industries Corporation ISA Internal Security Act KEADILAN People‟s Justice Party KMM Young Malay Nationalist Party (Kesatuan Melayu Muda) MARA People‟s Trust Council (Majlis Amanah Rakyat) MAS Malayan Administrative Service MATA Supreme Religious Council of Malaya (Majlis Agama Tertinggi Malaya) MCA Malaysian Chinese Association MCP Communist Party of Malaya MCS Malayan Civil Service MIC Malaysian Indian Congress MNP Malay Nationalist Party MPAJA Malayan People‟s Anti Japanese Army (communist guerrilla group) MU Malayan Union proposal NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (formed in 1949) NEP New Economic Policy NOC National Operation Council PAS Islamic Party of Malaya/Malaysia (Parti Islam Se-Malaya) PERNAS National Trust Agency (Perbadanan Nasional) PETRONAS National Petroleum Corporation (Petroliam Nasional Berhad) PKM Communist Party of Malaya (Parti Komunis Malaya) PUTERA Central Force of the Malay People (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) RIDA Regional Industrial Development Assistance SEDC State Economic Development Corporation Suhakam Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Manusia) TELECOM National Telecommunication (Telekom Malaysia Berhad) TNB National Energy Corporation (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) UMNO United Malay National Organisation GLOSSARY Adat custom Bumiputera „son of soil‟. A reference to Malay and native communities in Sarawak and Sabah Dakwah missionary activity Hidup Melayu Long Live Malay Imam expert/authority in religion Kerajaan a polity based on the sovereignty of a raja Kesateria warrior/fighter Kaum Ibu Women‟s Section (of UMNO) Madrassah religious school Malaya A pre-1963 name for Malaysia; before Sarawak, Sabah and Singapore joined in the Federation. Merdeka freedom or independent Mufti a scholar in jurisprudence Penghulu district chief Rakyat common people from ordinary class Tanah Melayu Land of the Malays (i.e. Malaya/Malaysia) Ulama religious expert TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Abbreviations iii Glossary v INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 Culture, Power and Politics in Colonial and Post-Colonial Malaysia 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 Decolonisation and the End of Empire 7 1.3 Economy 11 1.3.1 Colonial Economy 12 1.3.2 Post-Independence Economy (New Economic Policy) 14 1.4 Politics 20 1.4.1 Colonial Politics 21 1.4.2 Post-Independence Politics 25 1.5 Plural Society 28 1.5.1 Plural Society in the Pre-War Period (1880s-1941) 29 1.5.2 Plural Society in the Post-War Period (1945-1957) 34 1.5.3 Plural Society in the Post-Independence Period 38 1.6 Religion and State Control 42 1.6.1 Religion in Colonial Period 44 1.6.2 Religion in the Post-Independence Period 50 1.7 Theme of „Peaceful‟ Independence 56 1.7.1 Debate on Peaceful Independence 59 CHAPTER 2 Theorising Cultural Resistance: Edward Said’s Orientalism and Post-Colonial Studies 2.1 Introduction 63 2.2 Orientalism (1978) 63 2.2.1 Ground of Emergence 65 2.3 Overview 68 2.3.1 Definitions and Main Argument 72 2.3.2 Power-Knowledge Nexus 75 2.3.3 Resistance 78 2.3.4 Culture 81 2.3.5 Developing Framework for Analysis 87 2.4 Orientalism and Post-Colonial Studies 88 2.4.1 Defining Post-Colonialism 90 2.4.2 Post-Colonial Theories of Resistance 92 2.5 Post-Colonialism from Malaysian Perspective 95 2.5.1 The Myth of the Lazy Native (1977) 97 2.6 Cultural Resistance: A Conceptual Framework 104 2.6.1 Culture as Resistance 104 2.6.2 History as Field of Struggle 112 2.6.3 Agency and Subaltern 119 CHAPTER 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Research Aims 128 3.2 Epistemology 129 3.3 Data Gathering 128 3.4 Definitions of Memoir / Autobiography 135 3.4.1 Biographical Research and Approaches to Biography 136 3.5 Cultural Resistance in Memoir 139 3.5.1 Autobiography and Society 138 3.5.2 Resistance in Autobiography 140 3.5.3 History in Autobiography
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) 1946 - 1999 Azeem Fazwan Ahmad Farouk
    Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften Philosophische Fakultät III der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Culture and Politics: An Analysis of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) 1946 - 1999 Azeem Fazwan Ahmad Farouk Südostasien Working Papers No. 46 Berlin 2011 SÜDOSTASIEN Working Papers ISSN: 1432-2811 published by the Department of Southeast Asian Studies Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6 10999 Berlin, Germany Tel. +49-30-2093 66031 Fax +49-30-2093 66049 Email: [email protected] The Working Papers do not necessarily express the views of the editors or the Institute of Asian and African Studies. Al- though the editors are responsible for their selection, responsibility for the opinions expressed in the Papers rests with the authors. Any kind of reproduction without permission is prohibited. Azeem Fazwan Ahmad Farouk Culture and Politics: An Analysis of United Malays National Organi- sation (UMNO) 1946 - 1999 Südostasien Working Papers No. 46 Berlin 2011 Table of Contents Preface........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Organizational Structure and Centralization..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Penyata Rasmi Parlimen
    Jilid II Hari Isnin Bil. 20 5hb Januari, 1981 PENYATA RASMI PARLIMEN . PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN NEGARA SENATE PARLIMEN KELIMA Fifth Parliament PENGGAL KEDUA Second Session KANDUNGANNYA PERLANTIKAN YANG DI-PERTUA DEWAN NEGARA: Y. B. Tan Sri Ismail Khan [Ruangan 2445] MENGANGKAT SUMPAH: Tan Sri Zaiton Ibrahim [Ruangan 2447] Tuan Syed Kamarulzaman bin Syed Bahaldin [Ruangan 2447] PENGUMUMAN YANG DI-PERTUA: Mengalu-alukan Ahli Baru [Ruangan 2447] JAWAPAN-JAWAPAN MULUT BAGI PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN [Ruangan 2447] USUL: Merakamkan Ucapan Terima Kasih kepada bekas Yang di-Pertua dan bekas Timbaian Yang di-Pertua Dewan Negara [Ruangan 2481] RANG UNDANG-UNDANG: Rang Undang-undang Penilai dan Pentaksir [Ruangan 2506] Rang Undang-undang Kumpulan Wang Pembangunan (Pindaan) [Ruangan 2520] DICETAK OLEH JABATAN PERCETAKAN NEGARA, KUALA LUMPUR HAJI MOKHTAR SHAMSUDDIN. J.S.D.. S.M.T., K.M.N., P.I.S.. KETUA PENGARAH 1985 MALAYSIA PARLIMEN KELIMA—DEWAN NEGARA Penyata Rasmi Parlimen PENGGAL YANG KEDUA AHLI-AHLI DEWAN NEGARA Yang Berhormat Tuan Yang di-Pertua, TAN SRI ISMAIL KHAN, P.S.M. , B.K.T. , P.P.T. (Dilantik). ,, Menteri Tak Berpotfolio, DATO HAJI MOHAMED BIN NASIR, S.P.M.K., J.M.N., J.P. (Kelantan). ,, Menteri Tak Berpotfolio, DATUK PENGIRAN OTHMAN BIN HAJI PENGIRAN RAUF, P.G.D.K., A.D.K. (Sabah). ,, Setiausaha Parlimen Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Alam Sekitar, TUAN LAW HIENG DING, P.B.S. (Dilantik). ,, JENERAL TAN SRI HAJI ABDUL HAMID BIN BIDIN, P.S.M., S.P.M.K., D.I.M.P., J.M.N., P.M.p., P.P.T., P.J.K. (Dilantik). ,, TUAN HAJI ABDUL HAMID BIN TAHIR, S.M.T., B.C.K., P.J.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia, September 2006
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Malaysia, September 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: MALAYSIA September 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Malaysia. Short Form: Malaysia. Term for Citizen(s): Malaysian(s). Capital: Since 1999 Putrajaya (25 kilometers south of Kuala Lumpur) Click to Enlarge Image has been the administrative capital and seat of government. Parliament still meets in Kuala Lumpur, but most ministries are located in Putrajaya. Major Cities: Kuala Lumpur is the only city with a population greater than 1 million persons (1,305,792 according to the most recent census in 2000). Other major cities include Johor Bahru (642,944), Ipoh (536,832), and Klang (626,699). Independence: Peninsular Malaysia attained independence as the Federation of Malaya on August 31, 1957. Later, two states on the island of Borneo—Sabah and Sarawak—joined the federation to form Malaysia on September 16, 1963. Public Holidays: Many public holidays are observed only in particular states, and the dates of Hindu and Islamic holidays vary because they are based on lunar calendars. The following holidays are observed nationwide: Hari Raya Haji (Feast of the Sacrifice, movable date); Chinese New Year (movable set of three days in January and February); Muharram (Islamic New Year, movable date); Mouloud (Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday, movable date); Labour Day (May 1); Vesak Day (movable date in May); Official Birthday of His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (June 5); National Day (August 31); Deepavali (Diwali, movable set of five days in October and November); Hari Raya Puasa (end of Ramadan, movable date); and Christmas Day (December 25). Flag: Fourteen alternating red and white horizontal stripes of equal width, representing equal membership in the Federation of Malaysia, which is composed of 13 states and the federal government.
    [Show full text]
  • 17Th Annual Report of the Bank for International Settlements
    BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 1st APRIL 1946—31st MARCH 1947 BASLE 16th June 1947 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introductory Remarks 5 II. Transition from War to Peace Economy 9 Budget situation (p. 9), resources for productive investments (p. 9), subsidies (p. 10), nationalisations (p. 11), financial accounts (p. 11), foreign credits and foreign aid (p. 13)., em- ployment policy (p. 14), shortage of consumption goods (p. 15), wage increases (p. 15), price control (p. 16), wheat situation (p. I"]), meat, fat etc. (p. 18), industrial production (p. 20 ), coal , situation (p. 22), over-employment (p. 25) . III. Price Movements 28 Types of movement (p. 28), prices in Greece (p. 28), Hungary (p. 28), Roumania (p. 29), China (p. 29), Poland (p. 30), Italy (p. 30), France (p. 31), Finland (p. 32), Bulgaria (p. 32), Belgium (p. 32), Czechoslovakia (p. 32), Holland (p. 32), Turkey (p. 32), United States (p. 33), Great Britain (p. 35), Germany (p. 36), Austria (p. 37), wartime shortages (p. 38), general observations (p. 39) IV. Recovery of Foreign Trade .................. 41 Volume of world trade (p. 41), foreign trade in the United States (p. 42), in Canada (p. 45), Great Britain (p. 46), Denmark (p. 49), Norway (p. 49), Sweden (p. 5°), Finland (p. 50), Belgium (p. 51), Holland (p. 51), Switzerland (p. 52), Portugal (p. 52), France (p. 52), Italy (p. 54), Germany (p. 55), Poland (p. 5&), Czechoslovakia (p. 57), Austria (p. 58), Hungary (p. 58), Roumania (p. 59), Yugoslavia (p. 59), Bulgaria (p. 59), Greecç (p. 59); Turkey (p. 60), U.S.S.R.
    [Show full text]
  • University Students' Perceptions on Inter-Ethnic Unity Among
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by UKM Journal Article Repository Jurnal Komunikasi Malaysian Journal of Communication Jilid 34(4) 2018: 134-153 University Students’ Perceptions on Inter-ethnic Unity among Malaysians: Situational Recognition, Social Self-Construal and Situational Complexity ARINA ANIS AZLAN CHANG PENG KEE Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia MOHD YUSOF ABDULLAH International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur ABSTRACT National unity is pertinent to the stability and progress of a country. For multi-ethnic nations such as Malaysia, diversity is perceived as a challenge to national unity. Extant literature shows that the different ethnic groups in Malaysia have expressed different ideals on inter-ethnic unity and differ in their ideas on how it may be achieved. To what extent do these differences exist? The purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of inter-ethnic unity in Malaysia among the three main ethnic groups. A survey measuring perceptions on the issue of inter-ethnic unity was distributed among 575 university students at four different institutions of higher learning in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The results show that the different ethnic groups held similar problem perceptions in terms of problem recognition, involvement, constraint recognition, and did not differ significantly in terms of their social position on the problem. There were however, significant differences between the Chinese and Malay/Bumiputeras, as well as between the Chinese and Indians when it came to perceived level of knowledge and experience about the problem. The findings indicate that different ethnic groups may be differently equipped to handle the issue of inter-ethnic unity in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Tragic Orphans: Indians in Malaysia
    BIBLIOGRAPHY Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, Tunku. Looking Back: The Historic Years of Malaya and Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Antara, 1977. ———. Viewpoints. Kuala Lumpur: Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 1978. Abdul Rashid Moten. “Modernization and the Process of Globalization: The Muslim Experience and Responses”. In Islam in Southeast Asia: Political, Social and Strategic Challenges for the 21st Century, edited by K.S. Nathan and Mohammad Hashim Kamali. Singapore: Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, 2005. Abraham, Collin. “Manipulation and Management of Racial and Ethnic Groups in Colonial Malaysia: A Case Study of Ideological Domination and Control”. In Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations in Malaysia, edited by Raymond L.M. Lee. Illinois: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1986. ———. The Naked Social Order: The Roots of Racial Polarisation in Malaysia. Subang Jaya: Pelanduk, 2004 (1997). ———. “The Finest Hour”: The Malaysian-MCP Peace Accord in Perspective. Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, 2006. Abu Talib Ahmad. “The Malay Community and Memory of the Japanese Occupation”. In War and Memory in Malaysia and Singapore, edited by Patricia Lim Pui Huen and Diana Wong. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2000. ———. The Malay Muslims, Islam and the Rising Sun: 1941–1945. Kuala Lumpur: MBRAS, 2003. Ackerman, Susan E. and Raymond L.M. Lee. Heaven in Transition: Innovation and Ethnic Identity in Malaysia. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1988. Aeria, Andrew. “Skewed Economic Development and Inequality: The New Economic Policy in Sarawak”. In The New Economic Policy in Malaysia: Affirmative Action, Ethnic Inequalities and Social Justice, edited by Edmund Terence Gomez and Johan Saravanamuttu.
    [Show full text]
  • Pengaruh Pemikiran Islam Liberal Dalam Fahaman Anti Hadis
    PENGARUH PEMIKIRAN ISLAM LIBERAL DALAM FAHAMAN ANTI HADIS Kamal Azmi Abd Rahman1 1 Kamal Azmi Abd. Rahman, Pensyarah di Jabatan Dakwah dan Usuluddin, Fakulti Pengajian Peradaban Islam, Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor. ([email protected]) Abstrak Isu mengenai Anti Hadis di Malaysia bermula pada tahun 1986 ekoran daripada penulisan kontroversi bertajuk Hadis Satu Penilaian Semula oleh Kassim Ahmad. Di dalam buku tersebut, beliau cuba mengupas masalah perpecahan ummah. Menurut beliau, keimanan kepada Hadis sebagai sumber rujukan selepas al-Quran telah menjadi faktor utama perpecahan ummah tersebut. Oleh yang demikian, golongan Anti Hadis menyarankan supaya umat Islam merujuk kepada al-Quran sahaja sebagai panduan hidup. Artikel ini akan membahaskan tentang fahaman Anti Hadis dan hubungannya dengan pemikiran Islam liberal. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif – analisis kandungan yang akan menjelaskan tentang pemikiran Anti Hadis melalui penulisan Kassim Ahmad. Kajian mendapati bahawa Anti- Hadis meneruskan gagasan-gagasan idea yang dibawa oleh kumpulan Islam Liberal seperti mengkritik ulama dan pemahaman Islam semasa, dasar keterbukaan kepada semua fahaman dan ideologi serta mentafsir nas secara historis dan hermeneutik. Kata Kunci: Anti Hadis, Kassim Ahmad dan Islam Liberal 1. Pengenalan Islam liberal adalah sebuah ideologi yang semakin berkembang dalam kehidupan masyarakat Islam kini. Gerakan Islam Liberal mengambil landskap Renaissance di Barat sebagai asas kepada semangat pembebasan yang mereka inginkan. Jika John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith dan lain-lain tokoh liberal di Barat telah berjaya membentuk satu kehidupan baru dalam kehidupan masyarakat Barat dengan idea-idea pemebebasan, sekular dan individualistik, maka umat Islam juga mampu membangunkan masyarakat mereka dengan cara tersebut. Walaupun tidak seratus peratus sama, namun mereka bersetuju dengan kerangka pemikir Barat tersebut yang menuntut usaha pembaharuan dalam memahami agama dan nas dalam kehidupan moden.
    [Show full text]
  • Kotani Resort Travel & Tours Sdn
    Realisasikan Pengalaman Melancong Bersama Kami…… KOTANI RESORT TRAVEL & TOURS SDN BHD (Anak syarikat KOPERASI KAKITANGAN KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN MALAYSIA BERHAD) KLCC KL TOWER I-CITY SHAH ALAM PUSAT SAINS NEGARA PAVILLION MENARA TINJAU AQUARIA KLCC BUKIT MELAWATI BUKIT BINTANG KG KELIP-KELIP HIGH 5 BREAD TIME MUSEUM BATU CAVES SUNWAY LAGOON TAMAN BOTANI SHAH ALAM PULAU KETAM BAGAN LALANG MINE WONDERLAND WET WORLD SUNGAI GABAI, HULU LANGAT GOLD COAST MORIB RESORT GOLDEN PALM TREE RESORT JALAN TAR TANJUNG HARAPAN TEKALA WATERFALL PORT DICKSON ULU BENDUL PANTAI BLUE DRAGON PD MINI ZOO JERAM TOI WATER WORLD AIR PANAS PEDAS KUALA PILAH • KOTA A FAMOSA • A FAMOSA WONDERLAND • MELAKA WONDERLAND • MENARA TAMING SARI • A FAMOSA WATERFALL • BANDAR HILIR • IKAN BAKAR UMBAI • MAKAM PAHLAWAN MELAKA • PERIGI HANG LI PO • PERKUBURAN BELANDA • TAMAN BUDAYA MELAKA • ZOO MELAKA • JONKER WALKS • TAMAN MINI MALAYSIA • DATARAN PAHLAWAN • TAMAN BURUNG • PUTERI HARBOUR • LEGOLAND • DANGA BAY • JOHOR PREMIUM OUTLET • ZOO JOHOR • GUNUNG LEDANG • DESARU • AIR TERJUN KOTA TINGGI • BAZAR KARAAT • HUTAN BANDAR • MERSING • PULAU SIBU • PADANG BESAR • TASIK MELATI • GUA KELAM THE CARNIVAL WATERPARK GUNUNG JERAI PADANG MERDEKA PANTAI TANJUNG DAWAI PULAU LANGKAWI HUTAN LIPUR SG SEDIM PEKAN RABU ALOR STAR AIR TERJUN LATA MENGKUANG AIR TERJUN LATA SERI PERIGI AIR TERJUN TITI HAYUN AIR TERJUN JUNJUNG RIMBA REKREASI BUKIT HAMPAR PANTAI TENGKORAK ULU LEGONG PULAU SAYAK CANDI LEMBAH BUJANG LADANG ANGGUR TASIK BERIS TOK BALI AIR
    [Show full text]
  • Reassessing the Origins of the Cold War in Southeast Asia, 10-11 July
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals Kajian Malaysia, Vol. 27 No. 1 & 2, 2009 1948 AND THE COLD WAR IN MALAYA: SAMPLINGS OF MALAY REACTIONS Abdul Rahman Haji Ismail School of Humanities Universiti Sains Malaysia Malaysia [email protected] This paper is a preliminary report of an on-going research on the reactions of the Malays in Malaya to the coming of the Cold War to the region, with particular reference to the importance of the year 1948. For the majority of the Malays, the Cold War was most popularly associated with the Emergency, which British authorities had declared in the effort to quell the armed uprising mounted by the MCP. The vast majority of Malays in Malaya were not interested in the on-going Cold War between the Western bloc led by the United States on the side the Eastern bloc led by the Soviet Union on the other. The preoccupations of the Malays during the immediate post-Pacific War period was nationalism and the concomitant effort to gain independence for Malaya from Britain. In particular, they had been rather anxious that the Malays, who were the native of the land, were not robbed of the custodianship over Malaya and political privileges of the Malays in independent Malaya. Consumed with these issues, the Malays had little interests in external affairs. It was perhaps the lack of Malay support that foredoomed the fate of communism in Malaya. Keywords: Cold War in Malaya, 1948, Malay reactions, Malayan Union, Malay Nationalist Party
    [Show full text]
  • Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Parliamentary Debates
    Jilid I Hari Isnin Bil. 24 9hb Julai, 1979 PENYATA RASMI PARLIMEN PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN NEGARA SENATE PARLIMEN KELIMA Fifth Parliament PENGGAL PERTAMA First Session KANDUNGANNYA PENGUMUMAN YANG DI-PERTUA: Pemilihan Yang di-Pertuan Agong [Ruangan 2353] Pemilihan Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong [Ruangan 2354] Memperkenankan Akta [Ruangan 2354] Warkah Jawapan Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku Zainab binti Tengku Mohamed Petra [Ruangan 2355] Mengangkat Sum pah [Ruangan 2356] Mengalu-alukan Ahli-ahli Baru [Ruangan 2356] Perutusan daripada Dewan Rakyat [Ruangan 2356] URUSAN MESYUARAT [Ruangan 2357] JAWAPAN-JAWAPAN MULUT BAGI PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN [Ruangan 2358] USUL: Ucapan Takziab kepada Kcluarga Mendiang Tun (Dr) V. T. Sambanthan [Ruangan 2393] RANG UNDANG-UNDANG: Rang Undang-undang Acara Kewangan (Pindaan) [Ruangan 2405] Rang Undang-undang Mahkamah Rendah (Pindaan) [Ruangan 2425] Rang Undang-undang Perbadanan Kemajuan Kraftangan Malaysia 1979 [Ruangan 2434] MALAYSIA PARLIMEN KELIMA—DEWAN NEGARA Penyata Rasmi Parlimen PENGGAL YANG PERTAMA AHLI-AHLI DEWAN NEGARA Yang Berhormat Tuan Yang di-Pertua, TUN DATO HAJI OMAR YOKE-LIN ONG, S.S.M., P.M.N., S.P.M.S., D.P.M.S, (Dilantik). „ Menteri Tak Berpotfolio, DATO HAJI MOHAMED BIN NASIR, S.P.M.K., J.M.N., J.P. (Kelantan). Menteri Tak Berpotfolio, PENGIRAN OTHMAN BIN HAJI PENGIRAN RAUF (Sabah). Tuan (Timbalan) Yang di-Pertua, TAN SRI DATUK S. O. K. UBAIDULLA, P.S.M., D.P.M.S., J.M.N. (Dilantik). „ Setiausaha Parlimen Kementerian Sains, Teknoloji dan Alam Sekitar, TUAN LAW HIENG DING (Dilantik). JENERAL TAN SRI HAJI ABDUL HAMID BIN BIDIN, P.S.M., S.P.M.K., D.I.M.P., J.M.N., P.M.P., P.P.T., P.J.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Framing Interethnic Conflict in Malaysia: a Comparative Analysis of Newspaper Coverage on the Hindu Rights Action Force (Hindraf)
    International Journal of Communication 6 (2012), 166–189 1932–8036/20120166 Framing Interethnic Conflict in Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis of Newspaper Coverage on the Hindu Rights Action Force (Hindraf) LAI FONG YANG Taylor's University Malaysia MD SIDIN AHMAD ISHAK University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Despite repeated warnings from the Malaysian government, the Hindu Rights Action Force (Hindraf) rally drew thousands of Indians protesting on the streets of Kuala Lumpur on November 25, 2007. Mistreatment of Indians and lack of press coverage of their plight had been commonplace for years. By employing framing as the theoretical framework and content analysis as the research method, this study examines what perspectives newspapers have created that influence citizens’ understanding of the Hindraf movement. Three mainstream newspapers were found to focus on the conflict frame, and their representation of Hindraf articulated a hegemonic discourse that was prejudicial to the interests of the group and contrary to a spirit of democratic inquiry. The dissimilar coverage of the same issue by the alternative newspaper denoted that publication’s varied points of view, which were rooted in different political beliefs, cultural assumptions and institutional practices. Introduction Since gaining independence in 1957, the Malaysian government has viewed interethnic relations as a real challenge to the social stability of the country (Abdul Rahman, 2000; Baharuddin, 2005; Brown, 1994). As early as 1970, Mahathir Mohamad, who was then a medical doctor and later became the fourth and longest-serving prime minister of Malaysia, claimed that there was never true racial harmony in Malaysia. In his much-debated and once-banned book, The Malay Dilemma, he argued that although there was a certain amount of tolerance and accommodation, racial harmony in Malaysia was neither real nor Lai Fong Yang: [email protected] Md Sidin Ahmadd Ishak: [email protected] Date submitted: 2011–06–03 Copyright © 2012 (Lai Fong Yang & Md Sidin Ahmad Ishak).
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Empire and Nation (CS6)-2012.Indd 1 11-09-12 16:57 BEYOND EMPIRE and N ATION This Monograph Is a Publication of the Research Programme ‘Indonesia Across Orders
    ISBN 978-90-6718-289-8 ISBN 978-90-6718-289-8 9 789067 182898 9 789067 182898 Beyond empire and nation (CS6)-2012.indd 1 11-09-12 16:57 BEYOND EMPIRE AND N ATION This monograph is a publication of the research programme ‘Indonesia across Orders. The reorganization of Indonesian society.’ The programme was realized by the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation (NIOD) and was supported by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Published in this series by Boom, Amsterdam: - Hans Meijer, with the assistance of Margaret Leidelmeijer, Indische rekening; Indië, Nederland en de backpay-kwestie 1945-2005 (2005) - Peter Keppy, Sporen van vernieling; Oorlogsschade, roof en rechtsherstel in Indonesië 1940-1957 (2006) - Els Bogaerts en Remco Raben (eds), Van Indië tot Indonesië (2007) - Marije Plomp, De gentleman bandiet; Verhalen uit het leven en de literatuur, Nederlands-Indië/ Indonesië 1930-1960 (2008) - Remco Raben, De lange dekolonisatie van Indonesië (forthcoming) Published in this series by KITLV Press, Leiden: - J. Thomas Lindblad, Bridges to new business; The economic decolonization of Indonesia (2008) - Freek Colombijn, with the assistance of Martine Barwegen, Under construction; The politics of urban space and housing during the decolonization of Indonesia, 1930-1960 (2010) - Peter Keppy, The politics of redress; war damage compensation and restitution in Indonesia and the Philippines, 1940-1957 (2010) - J. Thomas Lindblad and Peter Post (eds), Indonesian economic decolonization in regional and international perspective (2009) In the same series will be published: - Robert Bridson Cribb, The origins of massacre in modern Indonesia; Legal orders, states of mind and reservoirs of violence, 1900-1965 - Ratna Saptari en Erwiza Erman (ed.), Menggapai keadilan; Politik dan pengalaman buruh dalam proses dekolonisasi, 1930-1965 - Bambang Purwanto et al.
    [Show full text]