T-M TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS DATABASE: TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES 2nd Edition Brian Clearman Mount Angel Abbey 2008 TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS DATABASE: TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS DATABASE: TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICESMARINE Part Second Edition Volume III, Additional Studies Transportation-Markings: A Study in Communication Monograph Series Brian Clearman Mount Angel Abbey 2008 Dedicated to my Grandparents: Catherine Abbie Brady Sauers, 1878-1919 Frederick William Sauers, 1869-1944 Annie Donaldson Clearman, 1879-1966 Frederick William Des Coudres Clearman, 1871-1968 Copyright (c) Mount Angel Abbey, 2008 All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data [1st ed] Clearman, Brian Database of transportation-marking phenomena : additional studies /Brian Clearman. p. cm. -- (Transportation-markings: v. 3 = pt. 1) "Monograph series." Includes indexes. Contents: i. Marine -- TCD iii. Rail -- iv. Aero 1. Transportation-markings--Databases. I. Title. II. Series: Clearman, Brian. Transportation-Markings : v. 3. TA 1245. C56 1984 vol. 3. 629.04'5 a [629.04'5J--DC21 97-25496 CIP TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 9 CHAPTER ONE INFORMATIVE SIGNS A Indexes 1 Categories 11 2 Alphabetical 19 B Informative Signs 1 Introduction, Overarching Terms & Message Configurations a) Overarching & Sub-Overarching Terms 27 b) Message Configurations 31 2 Destination & Distance Signs 34 3 Route Markers a) Introductory Note & Overarching Terms 39 b) Specialized Route Marker Terms 40 c) Route Marker Tabs 44 4 Mileposts 46 5 Signs Giving General Information (SGGI) a) Overarching Terms 49 b) Service Sign 52 c) Parking Signs 55 d) Recreation Signs 56 e) Other Signs 59 CHAPTER TWO WARNING SIGNS A Indexes 1 Categories 67 2 Alphabetical 75 B Warning Signs 1 Introductory Note, Message Configurations & Overarching Terms 5 a) Introductory Note & Overarching Terms 85 b) Message Configurations 88 2 Roadway Alignment Signs a) Introductory Note & Overarching Terms 89 b) Specific Terms 91 3 Roadway Condition Signs a) Introductory Statements & Overarching terms 94 b) Specific Terms 95 4 Intersection Signs a) Introductory Note, & Overarching Terms 102 b) Specific Terms 103 5 Intermittent Moving Hazards Signs 106 6 Construction & Maintenance Signs 114 7 Other Hazards Signs a) General or Alternate Danger Signs 117 b) Miscellaneous Forms 119 c) Supplemental Plates/Plaques 123 CHAPTER THREE REGULATORY SIGNS A Indexes 1 Categories 126 2 Alphabetical 134 B Regulatory Signs 1 Introduction, Overarching/Sub-Overarching Terms & Messages a) General Note 145 b) Overarching and Sub-Overarching Terms 145 c) Messages 146 2 Priority Signs 148 3 Prohibitory & Restrictive Signs a) Prohibitory Restrictive of Entry Sign 1) One-Way & Both Direction Forms 151 2) Exclusion Categories of Vehicles Forms 152 3) Vehicular Exclusion: Weight, Height & Length Forms 154 6 4) Miscellaneous & Single Forms 155 b) Prohibitory & Restrictive: Turns & U-Turns Signs 156 c) Prohibitory & Restrictive: Overtaking (Passing) Signs 157 d) Prohibitory & Restrictive: Speed Limit Signs 158 e) Miscellaneous, Single Forms, & End of Prohibition or Restrictive Signs 160 4 Mandatory Signs 163 5 Standing & Parking Signs 172 6 Pedestrian Crossings Signs 178 7 Miscellaneous Regulatory Signs 181 CHAPTER FOUR TRAFFIC SIGNALS A Indexes 1 Categories 183 2 Aphabetical 187 B Traffic Signals 1 Traffic Control Signals a) Overarching Terms & General Note for Traffic Signals 191 b) Specific Entries 195 c) Messages 195 d) Traffic Signals Operations 199 2 Pedestrian Signals 200 3 Traffic Signals-Other Forms 202 4 Flashing Beacons a) Overarching Terms 206 b) Specific Terms 207 5 Lighting Devices 209 6 Grade/Level Crossing Signals 211 CHAPTER FIVE TRAFFIC MARKINGS A Indexes 1 Categories 214 7 2 Alphabetical 221 13 Traffic Markings 1 Overarching & Sub-Overarching Terms with General Notes a) Overarching Terms with General Notes 229 b) Sub-Overarching Terms 1) Broader Terms 233 2) More Restricted Forms 235 2 Pavement & Curb Markings a) Longitudinal Markings 236 1) Center Line Markings 236 2) Edge Lines 236 3) Lane Markings 238 4) Other Longitudinal Markings 240 b) Transverse Markings 243 c) Other Pavement & Curb Markings 245 d) Physical Pavement Marking Forms 249 1) Raised Pavement Markers 249 2) Traffic Marking Physical Terms Morphological/Physical 253 3) Other Horizontal Markings 254 3 Hazard & Delineation Markings a) Hazard/Obstruction Markings 256 b) Delineators 259 c) Barricades & Channelizing Devices 260 APPENDIX I: COMPARATIVE SURVEY OF SIGNS i Introduction 263 ii Traffic Signs Systems 263 iii Traffic Signs Approaches 265 iv Traffic Sign Categories 267 v The Chart 267 vi Overarching Terms for Traffic Signs 279 APPENDIX II: TERMS FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES 281 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 285 PREFACE The T-M Database (i, iii, iv, v) of this Series draws together the several dimensions of T-M. It shares this drawing together function with the T-M General Classification (Part H). Perhaps paradoxically the two works draw together by focussing on the individual entity. Both studies illustrate the connections between T-M phenomenon as well as providing a focus on the individual unit. Yet in that process the full panopoly of T-M is unfolded including their shared and connected state. There are thousands of T-M forms. In addition there are many variant forms, alternative names, untold permutations. The sheer number of forms may obscure the common thread of T-M that interweaves the multifoliated multiplicity. Yet ultimately the multiplicity leads to the basic unity of Safety Aids of whatever kind. The variety and diversity point to a restricted system of messages serving one essential purpose: the promotion of safety. The perennial conundrum of the one and the many is found here in T-M. And the one and the many interact and explain each other. The T-M Database examines the four modes of rail, road, aero, and marine T-M safety aids in separate studies though all remain components of Part I. The amount of labor required to prepare the Database precludes assembling all four modes of T-M in a single study (though eventually they may be united). A fifth element has been added that brings together the classifications of the four earlier studies. There has been some confusion over the meaning of Transportation-Markings. Some users have interpreted the term as constituting a synonym for Pavement Markings. This is Not the case. T-M is a general, overarching term for all types of T-M forms. This perspective is reflected by the Library of Congress which employs T-M as a general heading in its Subject Headings. The Library of Congress includes various specific kinds of T-M forms under that general heading, including that of Pavement Markings. In order to reduce any confusion a hyphen has been added that conjoins Transportation and Markings: Transportation-Markings instead of Transportation Markings. Further information on the use of the hypen for T-M is included in the first edition Preface. Classification has been a vital part of T-M from the beginning. It had been hoped to make heavy use of taxonomy in the Database Studies. But the use of the classification in the Database has proven to be problematical. Various T-M forms and classification numbers are not always reflected in the Database. And, conversely, terms of significance in the Database are not always reflected in the classification. As a result the classification did not have a direct role in the first edition of this Study. However, it has a greater role in this edition: Key terms among Sign, Marking and Signal forms have incorporated the classification designations from the classification. These key terms incorporate many other terms. Further information on the classification situation is included in the first edition. The TCD Database has these basic subdivisions: Regulatory, Warning, Informative Signs, Traffic Signals, Traffic Markings, and two Appendices. The first presents a comparative review of Signs in various systems while the second discusses general TCD terms. The first Appendix is adapted from Part E, International Traffic Control Devices. Acknowledgements for the first edition apply here as well. 10 CHAPTER ONE INFORMATIVE SIGNS lA Indexes 1A1 Category Index Introduction, Overarching Terms & Message Configurations (1131) General Notes I, II a) Overarching & Sub-Overarching Terms Advance Direction Direction Signs Destination & Distance Signs Directive Signs Guide Signs Guide & Information Signs Indication Signs Information Signs (I) [II is found on page 16] Information & Direction Signs Informational Signs Informative Signs Place & Route Identification Signs Road Identification Signs Route Markers/Route Marker Sign/Route Sign Signs Giving Indications Only Si . ns Giving General Information b) Message Configurations Destination & Distance Signs (1B2) Advance Direction Signs Advance Signs/Advance Guide Signs/One-Mile Sign/Two-Mile Sign Approach Direction Signs City Name Sign Color-Coded Destination Sign Community Interchange Sign Confirmatory Sign Descriptive Sign 11 Destination Sign Destination & Distance Signs Diagrammatic Sign Direction Indicator Direction Sign Directive Sign Distance/Confirmation-Distance Sign Exit Direction Sign Exit Number Panel Expressway Directional Sign Expressway Interchange Sign Fingerboard Sign Fingerpost/Direction Post/Guide Posts/Signpost Gore Sign Interchange Sequence Signs Mileage Sign Next Exit Supplemental Sign Next (X) Area Sign/Next X Exit Sign Place Sign/Place Name Sign/Place Identification Sign Pull Thru Signs Street Name Sign/Street