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Home , Laotian Civil War

INDO-PACIFIC AND THE

Course code JSIA Elective

Semester Fall 2020

Instructor Ms. Harnit Kang

Email [email protected]

Phone 839 690 1529

Office hours & room TBA

Class time TBA

Classroom TBA

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INDO-PACIFIC AND THE COLD WAR

Course description

This course will be a study of countries in the region of the Indo-Pacific and the conflicts they endured during the Cold War. We will look at the myriad political, economic and security circumstances of the time. There will be some focus on the non-aligned movement (NAM) and its evolution with geopolitical pressures. We will look at the role of USA & Erstwhile USSR in the Cold War conflicts, whether directly or indirectly. These would include wars such as the First Indo- war, Egyptian revolution, , Iranian coup & revolution, Laotian , strait crisis, war, Tibetan uprising, Sino-Indian war, conflicts in , and Malaysia, Sino- and finally the Soviet-Afghan war.

Learning objective

Over the course you’ll find an interconnectedness between the topics we study and how they collectively shape the present and future trajectory of international relations in the Indo-Pacific. The purpose of this course is to develop a strong grasp of the Indo-Pacific region, from the vantage of a significant historical period, studying its impact on the current state of affairs and finally the upcoming geopolitical order. We will not look at all the conflicts that took place during the Cold War period; only those where there was a conflict involving a Communist state or forces thereof. Your understanding of the course topics will be gleaned through not only, your daily in-class participation but also a midterm exam, a reflection piece and a final exam.

Student responsibilities

▪ Students are expected to come to class having done their assigned readings. The first portion of class will be presentation and lecture by myself. The second portion will be your opportunity to actively participate in class discussion. You are expected to do so with comments, insights and questions that are helpful, insightful and move the discussion forward. To make sure the class space is inclusive, and everyone is contributing, I may call on you in class.

▪ Disrespect in any shape or form towards your fellow students or any attempts to disrupt the class decorum will not be tolerated. This includes arriving to class on time and not using technology during class period i.e. other than to access course content or share related information.

▪ Academic integrity: All the work that you submit, must be your original work. No plagiarism. Students are also required to abide by any examination rules set forth by JSIA.

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▪ All assignments must be submitted on time. Take precautions to ensure that you have access to reliable internet connection, so you submit your assignments on time.

▪ Citations: You may use either the APA or Chicago style of citation but kindly use the same throughout your work.

▪ Paper format: Please use Times New Roman font at 12 and double spaced.

Assignments and Grading criteria:

ASSIGNMENT WEIGHTAGE DUE DATE

Participation 5% Noted during each class period.

Presentations 25% TBA

Reflection piece 20% TBA

Final Exam 50% During End-term exam week. TBA

ASSIGNMENT WHAT’S REQUIRED

Class Offer commentary and questions indicating grasp of the assigned readings Participation and in class lecture. Your contributions move the class discussion forward. (5 marks)

Presentations This shall be conducted as a team of 4-6 persons. You team is tasked with synopsizing a conflict in the Indo-Pacific during the Cold War period. Presentation will be 10 minutes, followed by a 5-minute discussion. Submissions will include a PowerPoint and one 1000-word write up per team. (25 marks)

Reflection Piece A 1500-word analysis of the impact or legacy of the Cold War on any one country of the Indo-Pacific, of your choosing. (20 marks)

End Term Exam A combination of five short answer questions (6 marks each) and two essay questions (10 marks each) based on all materials covered since after the midterm exam. (50 marks)

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# Week # Class TOPIC

1 1&2 - (1946-54)

2 3&4 COLD WAR CONFLICT IN INDONESIA - (1948 onwards)

3 5&6 COMMUNIST INSURGENCY IN MYANMAR - (1948-88)

4 7&8 KOREAN WAR – (1950)

5 9&10 EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION - (1952)

6 11&12 TAIWAN STRAIT CRISIS – FIRST & SECOND (1954-55 / 1958)

7 13&14 VIETNAM WAR – (1955-75)

8 15&16 LAOTIAN CIVIL WAR – (1959-75)

9 17&18 TIBETIAN UPRISING – (1959) & SINO-INDIA WAR – (1962)

10 19&20 COMMUNIST INSURGENCY IN THAILAND – (1965-83)

11 21&22 (1967-75)

12 23&24 COMMUNIST INSURGENCY IN MALAYSIA – (1968-89)

13 25&26 SINO-VIETNAM WAR – (1979)

14 27 &28 IRANIAN COUP & REVOLUTION – (1979)

15 29 &30 SOVIET-AFGHAN WAR – (1979)

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COURSE READINGS & SCHEDULE

Class # FIRST INDOCHINA WAR- (1946-54)

1 Geoffrey Warner. The First Indochina War: French and American Policy 1945– 54. International Affairs v52 n4 (19761001): 673-675

Phi Vân Nguyen. Fighting the First Indochina War Again? Catholic Refugees in , 1954–59. Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia v31 n1 (20160331): 207-246

2 George C. Herring. The Truman Administration and the Restoration of French Sovereignty in Indochina. Published 1977. Political Science. DOI:10.1111/j.1467- 7709.1977.tb00233.x Corpus ID: 154862316

Gilles Boquérat (2005) India's Commitment to and the Settlement of the Indochina War, Cold War History, 5:2, 211- 234, DOI: 10.1080/14682740500062119

Class # COLD WAR CONFLICT IN INDONESIA - (1948 onwards)

3 K McGregor. A reassessment of the significance of the 1948 Madiun Uprising to the Cold War in Indonesia . Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, Jld. 27, No. 1& 2, 2009.

4 Hadiz, Vedi R. (2011). Indonesian Political Islam: Capitalist Development and the Legacies of the Cold War. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 30, 1, 3-38.

Class # COMMUNIST INSURGENCY IN MYANMAR - (1948-88)

Dukalskis, Alexander. Why Do Some Insurgent Groups Agree to Cease-Fires While 5 Others Do Not? A Within-Case Analysis of Burma/Myanmar, 1948-2011. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 38 (10): 841-863

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A, Adeleke. The strings of neutralism: Burma and the Colombo Plan. Pacific Affairs, 2003 6 – JSTOR

David I. Steinberg. Book: Short of the goal: U.S. policy and poorly performing states. Chapter 7: The U.S.-Burmese Relationship and Its Vicissitudes

Class # KOREAN WAR – (1950-53)

7 Robert Jervis. The Impact of the Korean War on the Cold War. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 24, No. 4 (Dec. 1980), pp. 563-592.

8 Hao Yufan and Zhai Zhihai. China's Decision to Enter the Korean War: History Revisited. The China Quarterly, No. 121 (Mar. 1990), pp. 94-115.

L Fisher. The Korean War: on what legal basis did Truman act? American Journal of International Law, 1995.

Class # EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION - (1952)

9 Hazem Fahmy. An Initial Perspective on “The Winter of Discontent: The Root Causes of the Egyptian Revolution. Social Research: An International Quarterly, Volume 79, Number 2, Summer 2012, pp. 349-376.

10

P Sluglett. The Cold war in the Middle East. International relations of the Middle East, 2005.

International: The revolution and its legacy; Egypt's 50th anniversary. The Economist; London Vol. 364, Iss. 8283, (Jul 27, 2002): 53.

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Class # TAIWAN STRAIT CRISIS – FIRST & SECOND (1954-55 / 1958)

11 H Matsumoto The Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1954-55 and US-ROC Relations. 2010 - core.ac.uk.

MM Sheng. Mao and China's Relations with the Superpowers in the 1950s: A New Look at the Taiwan Strait Crises and the Sino–Soviet Split. Modern China, Volume 34 Number 4, October 2008 477-507, © 2008 Sage Publications.

12 Leonard H. D. Gordon. Opposition to Use of Force in the Taiwan Strait, 1954-1962. The Journal of American History, Vol. 72, No. 3 (Dec 1985), pp. 637-660.

Class # VIETNAM WAR – (1955-75)

13 George C. Herring. America and Vietnam: The Unending War. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 70, No. 5, America and the Pacific, 1941-1991 (Winter, 1991), pp. 104-119.

Gabriel Kolko. The Nature of the Vietnam War. Australian Left Review, 1(25), 1970, 3- 14.

14 Leonid L. Kyianytsia. A ‘Triangular’ Relationship with the Great Powers: The Case of the post-Cold War Vietnam Balancing versus China and the USA. Ukrainian Policymaker v5 (2019): 44-52.

Branislav L. Slantchev. National Security Strategy: The Vietnam War, 1954-1975. January 1, 2014.

Class # LAOTIAN CIVIL WAR – (1954-73)

15 Background on points paper. CIA archives. https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80R01720R001300050007- 2.pdf

Tony Waters. The Parameters of Refugeeism and Flight: The Case of Laos. Disasters, Vol 14, No.3.

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16 Simon Montlake. In parts of Laos, the Vietnam War is still being fought ; Journalists' arrest highlights a former CIA-backed group battling Communist government. The Christian Science Monitor; Boston, Mass. [Boston, Mass]26 June 2003: 7.

IG Baird, P Le Billon .Landscapes of political memories: War legacies and land negotiations in Laos. Political Geography, 2012 – Elsevier.

Channapha Khamvongsa and Elaine Russell. Cluster Bombs in Laos: Legacies of War. Critical Asian Studies 41:2 (2009). http://legaciesofwar.org/files/Critical_Asian_Studies- Legacies_of_War_Cluster_Bombs_in_Laos.pdf

Class # TIBETIAN UPRISING – (1959) & SINO-INDIA WAR – (1962)

17 Sikria, Rajvi. The Tibet factor in India-China relations. Journal of International Affairs; Spring 2011; 64, 2; ABI/INFORM Collection pg. 55

Melvyn C. Goldstein. The United States, Tibet, and the Cold War. Journal of Cold War Studies 8(3):145-164 · July 2006.

18 Mirsky, Jonathan. Tibet: China’s Gaza. Asian Affairs, vol. XL, no. III, November 2009.

The plateau, unpacified; Tibet. The Economist ; London Vol. 420, Iss. 9007, (Sep 17, 2016): 43-44.

Gere, Richard; Pelosi, Nancy. As the Dalai Lama Turns 80, Tibet Still Suffers Wall Street Journal , Eastern edition; New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y] 06 July 2015: A.11.

Class # COMMUNIST INSURGENCY IN THAILAND – (1965-83)

19 Bob Bergin. Defeating an Insurgency—The Thai Effort against the Communist Party of Thailand, 1965–ca. 1982. Studies in Intelligence Vol 60, No. 2 (Extracts, June 2016)

Why the USSR backed Thailand in its fight against communist insurgents. Ajay Kamalakaran. Dec 2016. https://www.rbth.com/arts/2016/12/19/why-the-ussr-backed-thailand-in-its-fight- against-communist-insurgents_661844

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Colin Campbell. Many Thai Communists give up their long warfare in the jungle. NY Times. July 1983. https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/04/world/many-thai-communists-give-up-their- long-warfare-in-the-jungle.html

20 Thai communists 'loved the King'. Post. Nov 2016. https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1146025/thai-communists-loved- the-king

Ex-communists pocket cash benefits in Thai amnesty deal. June 2017. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/communists-pocket-cash-benefits-thai- amnesty-deal-170625060842716.html

Election Commission rejects Communist Party of Thailand. https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2018/03/19/election-commission-rejects- communist-party-of-thailand/

Thailand security environment. https://www.jcie.org/researchpdfs/APSO97/16_Thailand.pdf

Thailand and Seato: A Ten-Year Appraisal DE Nuechterlein - Asian Survey, 1964 – JSTOR https://as.ucpress.edu/content/ucpas/4/12/1174.full.pdf

Class # CAMBODIAN CIVIL WAR (1967-75)

21-22 UNTAC in –from occupation, civil war and genocide to peace L Keller - Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, 2005 - brill.com https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9a77/c153d2de467c24956b44ac1f58a2c382e8d9.pdf

Clas COMMUNIST INSURGENCY IN MALAYSIA – (1968-89) s #

23 CB Kheng. The communist insurgency in Malaysia, 1948-90: contesting the nation-state and social change Journal of Asian Studies 11, 1 (June 2009): 132-52. http://www.nzasia.org.nz/downloads/NZJAS-June09/14_Cheah_3.pdf

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24 Amitav, Acharya. , Engagement, or Counter-Dominance? Malaysia's Response to the Rise of Chinese Power. (Revised Version of Paper Prepared for the Project on "Engaging China", Fairbank Centre for East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 30-31 May 1997) http://www.amitavacharya.com/sites/default/files/Containment,%20Engagement,%20or% 20Counter-Dominance.pdf

Class # SINO-VIETNAM WAR – (1979)

25 Pao-Min Chang. Some reflections in the Sino-Vietnamese conflict over Kampuchea. International Affairs. Summer83, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p381. 9p. DOI: 10.2307/2618792.

OPTIONAL: Ken Maclean. In Search of Kilometer Zero: Digital Archives, Technological Revisionism, and the Sino-Vietnamese Border. Comparative Studies in Society and History v50 n4 (Oct 2008) 862-894.

26 Nguyen Minh Quang. The Bitter Legacy of the 1979 China-Vietnam War. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/the-bitter-legacy-of-the-1979-china-vietnam-war/

Qingfei Yin .The Mountain Is High, and the Emperor Is Far Away: States and Smuggling Networks at the Sino-Vietnamese Border. Asian Perspective v42 n4 (Oct-Dec 2018) 551-573.

Class # IRANIAN COUP & REVOLUTION – (1953/1979)

27 Abrahamian, Ervand. The 1953 coup in Iran. Science & Society; Summer 2001; 65, 2; ABI/INFORM Collection pg. 182.

28 EP Rakel. Iranian foreign policy since the Iranian Islamic Revolution: 1979-2006. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2007.

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Class # SOVIET-AFGHAN WAR – (1979)

29 L Goodson, TH Johnson. Parallels with the Past–How the Soviets Lost in , How the Americans are Losing. 2011 Published by Elsevier Limited on behalf of Foreign Policy Research Institute.

Grau, Lester W; Ali Ahmad Jalali. Underground combat: Stereophonic blasting, tunnel rats, and the Soviet-Afghan War. Engineer; Nov 1998; 28, 4; ABI/INFORM Collection

30 Jiayi Zhou. The Muslim Battalions: Soviet Central Asians in the Soviet-Afghan War. Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 25:302–328, 2012.

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JGU Grading Criterion

Marks Grade Grade Point Average

>=80 O 8 79 A+ 7.5 78 A+ 7.5 77 A+ 7.5 76 A+ 7.5 75 A+ 7.5 74 A 7 73 A 7 72 A 7 71 A 7 70 A 7 69 A- 6 68 A- 6 67 A- 6 66 A- 6 65 A- 6 64 B+ 5 63 B+ 5 62 B+ 5 61 B+ 5 60 B+ 5 59 B 4 58 B 4 57 B 4 56 B 4 55 B 4 54 B- 3 53 B- 3 52 B- 3 51 B- 3 50 B- 3 49 F 0 48 F 0 47 F 0 46 F 0 45 F 0 44 F 0 43 F 0 42 F 0 41 F 0 40 F 0

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