25106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972

xxx-x... , Army of the United States (colonel, Maj. Gen. John Terrell Carley, xxx-xx-xxxx , Army of the United States (colonel, U.S. U.S. Army) . Army of the United States (colonel, U.S. Army) . Maj Gen. Thomas Edward Fitzpatrick, Jr., Army) . Brig. Gen. Kenneth Banks Cooper, xxx-xx-x... xxx-xx-xxxx , Army of the United States Brig. Gen. Peter George Olenchuk, xxx-xx-x... xxx-x... Army of the United States (colonel, U.S. (colonel, U.S. Army) . xxx-... , Army of the United States (colonel, U.S. Army) . Brig. Gen. George Magoun Wallace II, xxx-... Army) . Maj. Gen. Dennis Philip McAuliffe, xxx-xx-x... xxx-xx-xxxx , Army of the United States (colonel, Maj. Gen. Frank Anton Hinrichs, xxx-xx-xx... xxx-x... , Army of the United States (colonel, U.S. Army) . U.S. Army) . xxx-... , Army of the United States (colonel, U.S. Maj. Gen. Robert Neale Mackinnon, xxx-... Army) . Brig. Gen. Richard Edward McConnell, xxx-xx-xxxx , Army of the United States (colonel, Maj. Gen. Curtis Wheaton Chapman, Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx , Army of the United States U.S. Army) . (colonel, U.S. Army) . xxx-xx-xxxx , Army of the United States Maj. Gen. Harold Gregory Moore, xxx-xx-x... Maj. Gen. Robert Carter McAlister, xxx-xx-x... (colonel, U.S. Army) . xxx-x... , Army of the United States (colonel, xxx-x... , Army of the United States (colonel, U.S. Army). Brig. Gen. Chester M. McKeen, Jr.; xxx-... U.S. Army) . Brig. Gen. Charles Echols Spragins, xxx-xx-x... xxx-xx-x... , Army of the United States (colonel, Maj. Gen. Herbert Joseph McChrystal, Jr., xxx-... , Army of the United States (colonel, U.S. U.S. Army) . xxx-xx-xxxx , Army of the United States (colo- Army) . Brig. Gen. Dean Van Lydegraf, xxx-xx-xxxx , nel, U.S. Army) .

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

SPEEDY TRIAL Many local Courthouse observers agree and There being no objection, the article say Hamilton County Common Pleas Court was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, judges are working harder and disposing of as follows: more cases than ever. HON. WILLIAM J. KEATING According to the figures, in the first six AMCH ITKA OTTER KILL H ELD 1,000 OF OH IO months of his year, judges disposed of an (By Dennis Cowals) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES average of 362 cases, including 145 criminal AMCH ITKA, ISLAND, ALASKA.—A month-long cases. They had an average 504 cases pend- survey on this remote Aleutian island has Monday, July 24, 1972 ing, including 76 criminal cases. D uring convinced biologists that shock waves from Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, last No- this time there was an average of 311 new last November's underground test of a proto- vember I introduced a bill designed to in- cases filed per judge. type anti-missile nuclear warhead killed as Here are the actual figures released by the sure the prompt disposition of criminal many as 1,000 sea otters. Supreme Court showing vases disposed of B ut Alaska State game B iologist Karl cases arising in Federal district courts, during the first six months of 1972 and cases Schneider, a sea otter specialist who had and this legislation was drawn up in light pending as of June 30: claimed earlier that the five megaton hydro- of evidence of increasing time intervals Judge Gilbert Bettman, cases disposed, gen bomb killed more otters than the Atomic between the arrest of criminals and their 381; cases pending, 439. Energy Commission admitted or had pre- trials. Judge Lyle Castle, cases disposed, 407; dicted before the Nov. 6 blast, says there is Nevertheless, steps are being taken in cases pending, 486. "no significant long-term damage" to the many areas throughout the country to Judge Frank Gusweiler, cases disposed, island's otter population. 296; cases pending, 552. Scientists believe 6.000 to 8,000 sea otters correct the problems caused by backlogs Judge John Keefe, cases disposed, 292; inhabit this rocky, treeless island, 1,200 miles in courtroom dockets. An article recently cases pending, 589. southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. appearing in the Cincinnati Enquirer Judge Ralph Kohnen, cases disposed, 302; Schneider said recently completed popula- helps to illustrate what is being done in cases pending, 499. tion surveys "didn't change our opinions of my own congressional district, where Judge Robert Kraft, cases disposed, 441; what happened a great deal." cases pending, 510. judges are under strict orders from Chief AEC CLAIM CHALLENGED Judge William S. Matthews, cases disposed, Justice C. Williams O'Neill of the Ohio 321; cases pending, 496. A week after the detonation of project Supreme Court to expedite the disposi- Judge William R. Matthews, cases disposed, C annikin more than a mile underground, tion of criminal cases. 463; cases pending, 601. Schneider and other state biologists chal- Mr. Speaker, it is highly gratifying to Judge William Morrissey, cases disposed, lenged the AEC's claim that only 18 otters note this kind of response from State and 409; cases pending, 470. died, suggesting instead that 800 to 1,000 local officials to insure the guarantee of Judge Melvin Rueger, cases disposed, 387; riad been killed along a seven-mile stretch of cases pending, 424. Bering Sea beach. criminal defendants to a "speedy and D r. Melvin R. Meritt, the AEC's top en- public trial." Properly implemented Judge Robert Wood, cases disposed, 290; cases pending, 480. vironmental effects scientist for Cannikin across the land, speedier trials will cer- and the island's 1969 Milrow test, doubted tainly help to reduce the overall crime the charge, saying he "couldn't believe 800 rate, as well as help to restore a measure EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TEST AT otter were killed." A month before the blast, of lost confidence in the ability of our AMCHITKA, ALASKA, A YEAR AGO AEC scientists had predicted that perhaps 240 judicial institutions to deliver a fair and otters would die as a result of the test. prompt application of the law to all of- But a savage, 100-mile-an-hour Aleutian HON. MIKE GRAVEL storm swept the island the night before the fenders. test. Its dying gusts would have removed the Mr. Speaker, I insert this article from OF ALASKA evidence, carrying away nearly all of the the Cincinnati Enquirer into the RECORD IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES o tte rs th a t w e re k ille d b y th e b la s t, Schneider and others countered. at this point : Monday, July 24, 1972 JUDGES REDUCE BACKLOG OF CASES Only comparison studies requiring a new otter census this year would settle the mat- Under the watchful eyes of the Ohio Su- Mr. GRAVEL. Mr. President, the data and evidence of the effects of the AEC ter, the scientists agreed. preme C ourt, local C ommon Pleas C ourt From the Las Vegas test headquarters of judges have reduced their backlog of pend- underground nuclear test at Amchitka, Alaska, a year ago are still trickling in. the AEC, an agency spokesman admitted the ing cases this year. discrepancy between otter counts made this Cases awaiting final disposition dropped At the time I opposed the test on the from 6089 in January to 5546 in June, ac- summer and last. grounds that it was unnecessary from a The hig hest otter tally along the area cording to statistics released by the Supreme weapons standpoint, it was hurtful to our Court this week. D uring this period, 3424 showed 1,215 animals in the area. "This year new cases were filed. international relations and was unduly the count was 452," the spokesman said. "It The figures used by the high court were destructive environmentally. A news is assumed there are fewer sea otters there supplied by the 11 local judges, who, for the story in the Washington Post of July 23, because of Cannikin," he allowed. first time, are individually accountable for 1972, presents further information on the An official report is expected this fall, he all matters before them. ecological damage reported. The num- said, following yet another autumn otter Previously, the 11 judges combined their ber of sea otters killed in that blast was census which will be compared with a similar figures into a single report which was sub- at least 1,000 as opposed to the AEC study made a month before the test. This summer's work, involving researchers mitted to the Supreme Court. claim that only 18 otters died. In the in- Ohio Supreme Court Chief Justice C. Wil- from federal, state and university labora- terest of sharing this information with tories under contract to the AEC, revealed liam O'Neill believes the new system making Senators who may have missed the in- each judge responsible for his docket has "a clear pattern of otters coming into the speeded up case disposition throughout the formative news item, I ask unanimous area from b oth sides," said b iolog ist state. consent that it be printed in the RECORD. Schneider. July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25107 PREPARING TO LEAVE ployees. As used tn the proposal, the term pared by the economists Oscar and Edna While the otters are moving in to reclaim "employee" is used without limitation. There­ Gass. Their conclusions concerning the their feeding and rearing grounds, the AEC's fore, the term is intended to include all employees, whether full-time employees, part­ effect of such an amendment include, 300-man work force is packing up and pre­ among others, the fallowing: paring to move off the island the agency has time employees, or seasonal employees. occupied for more than fl ve years and in The proposal is in furtherance of section The added costs of the more expensive U.S.­ which it has invested more than $200 million 8(d) of the Act providing, among other flag tanker operations will ... in time, be leading up to the Cannikin test. things, that information obtained by the borne by the whole body of Americans, partly This month, workmen had begun disman­ Secretary be obtained with a minimum as taxpayers and partly as consumers of oils. tling the trailer camps which once housed burden upon employers, especially those We would expect a U.S.-flag "cargo prefer­ 700 men, reeling in more than 1,000 miles of operating small businesses. ence" program to contribute significantly to cable stretched across the tundra, and gener­ Written data, views, and arguments con­ the already-ongoing "export" of petroleum ally trying to clean up the debris left from cerning the proposal may be submitted to refinery capacity from the United States. AEC's tenancy. . the Office of Occupational Safety and Health The balance of reasoning and of experi­ The 200-man camp from which scientists Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Room enced judgment stands against the proposi­ triggered the controversial blast has alroody 3818, 441 G Street NW., Washington, DC tion that "cargo-preference" for c01nmercial been dismanrtled and trucked 42 miles along 20212, within 30 days after the publication of import; tankers will contribute to the Na­ the spine of the barren island to Constan­ this notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER. The tional Security of the United States. data, views, and arguments will be available tine Harbor, where it now awaits shipment Mr. President, these statements speak to an Air Force radar station at Shemya, for public inspection and copying at that 225 miles farther down the Aleutian chain. office. for themselves as to the undesirability of But teams of biologists and other scien­ The new § 1904.15 would read as follows: imposing for the first time a restrictive tists will keep coming back to Amchitka. § 1904.15 Small employers. cargo preference requirement on the over the years to check for leaking radio­ Any employer who had no more than carriage of private commercial cargoes. activity at the AEC's two test sites and an­ seven (7) employees at any one time during I ask unanimous consent that copies of other used by the Defense Department in the calendar year immediately preceding a my correspondence with the Department 1965. current calendar year, shall meet his obliga­ tions under this part by: (a) Complying with of Defense and a summary of the memo­ any reporting obligations under § 1904.8 con­ randum by Oscar and Edna Gass be cerning fatalities or multiple hospitalization printed in the RECORD. PROPOSED CHANGES IN OCCUPA­ accidents, and (b) meeting any cbligations There being no objection, the items TIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH for maintaining a log of occupational injuries were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, RECORDING REQUIREMENTS and illnesses under § 1904.2 and for making as follows: reports under § 1904.21 upon being notified JUNE 16, 1972. in writing by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Hon. MELVIN R. LAmD, that the employer has been selected to par­ Secretary, HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER ticipate in a statistical survey of occupational Department of Defense, OF WISCONSIN injuries and illnesses. Washington, D.C. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Sec. 8, 84 Stat. 1598; 29 U.S.C. 657) DEAR MR. SECRETARY: The Senate Commit­ Signed at Washington, D.C., this 10th day tee on Commerce recently reported the blll,· Monday, July 24, 1972 of July 1972. H.R. 13324, to authorize appropriations for Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. G. c. GUENTHER, fiscal year 1973 for certain maritime programs Speaker, in order to carry out the pur­ Assistant Secretary of Labor. of the Department of Commerce. poses of the Williams-Steiger Occupa­ [FR Doc.72-11105 Filed 7-18-72;8:53 am] In reporting this blll the Committee tional Safety and Health Act, employers amended it by inserting a new sec,t;ion 3, the effect of which is to require that at least 50% are required to keep and make available of all oil imported on a quota basis, alloca­ to the Secretary of Labor records on cer­ OIL IMPORT CARGO PREFERENCE tions or licenses, other than residual fuel oil tain activities under the act. Employers AMENDMENT to be used as fuel and No. 2 fuel oil, be car­ are also required to maintain accurate ried on higher-costing U.S. flag tanker ves­ records and periodic reports of work­ sels. I and several of my colleagues opposed related deaths, injuries, and illnesses. this amendment when it was considered in HON. NORRIS COTTON Committee and presently intend to move to The Department of Labor's recent OF NEW HAMPSHIRE strike it at such time as the Senate considers to proposal exempt businesses of fewer IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES this blll. . than eight employees from certain rec­ Enclosed is a copy of the bill, H.R. 13324, ord-keeping requirements is a sensible Monday, J_uly 24, 1972 and the report of the Committee accompany­ move. This proposal would serve to re­ Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, later this ing it (Rept. No. 92-841). You will observe duce the amount of paperwork now re­ week it is expected that the Senate will that a. considerable portion of this report is quired of the small businessman. As you begin consideration of H.R. 13324, the devoted to trying to justify this oil import know, the Department continues to want maritime authorization. Included in the cargo preference amendment on such to develop, even with this exception, a grounds as national security (see pages 12 bill is a provision requiring that 50 per­ and 13) and the alleged unavailabllity of ves­ capability of judging the hazards in cent of oil imports, excluding residual sels of the so-called "Effective U.S.-Con­ those businesses. This, it seems to me, is fuel and No. 2 fuel oil, be carried on costly trolled Fleet (EUSC) (see pages 17-19). vital to our etiort to begin to pull to­ U.S.-flag tankers. Knowing that your Department does conduct gether the kind of accurate data which On three separate occasions-June 13, continuing studies on our national sealift re­ we now lack about the extent of acci­ 29, and 30-I have placed in the CON­ quirements, and that such matters as na­ dents at the worksite. GRESSIONAL RECORD correspondence be­ tional security come within the particular expertise of the Department of Defense, I to my I am pleased share with col­ tween myself and each of several Cabinet would appreciate receiving your comments leagues the following proposal to amend officials concerning the oil import cargo on those .portions of the Committee's report the recordkeeping requirements under preference amendment. To date the re­ which seek to justify section 3 of the blll, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, sponses from these officials, including the H.R. 13324, on these grounds. as published in the Federal Register for Special Assistant to the President for With best wishes. Wednesday, July 10, 1972: Consumer Affairs, Mrs. Virginia Knauer, Sincerely, [Department of Labor, Occupational Safety have been unanimous in their opposition NORRIS COTTON, and Health Administration, 29 CFR P,art to this amendment. U.S. Senator. 1904] I further invite attention to the letter SAFETY AND HEALTH RECORDS AND REPORTING which I received from the General Coun­ GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, SMALL EMPLOYERS- sel of the Department of Defense, Mr. J. Washington, D.C., July 21, 1972. Pursuant to section 8 o! the Willia.ms­ Fred Buzhardt, dated July 21. It is the Hon. NORRIS COTTON, Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act opinion of the Department that: U.S. Senate, of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 657) and Secretary of The enactment of Section 3 of H.R. 13324, Washington, D.C. Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 F.R. 8754), it as reported in the Senate, would be tnimical DEAR SENATOR COTTON: This is in response is hereby proposed to a.mend 29 CFR Part to the nation's security. (emphasis added). to your letter of June 16, 1972, requesting 1904 by establishing a new § 1904.15 to read comment with respect to certain portions as set forth below to fac111tate compUance In addition, Mr. President, I have re­ of the Committae report on H.R. 13324, 92d with recording and reporting requirements ceived a memorandum on the cargo pref­ Congress, a bill "To authorize appropriations by employers with fewer than eight (8) em- erence amendment in H.R. 13324, pre- for the fiscal year 1973 for certain marl- 25108 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 time programs of the Department of Com­ MEMORANDUM States. This export involves especially a near­ merce." The portions of the report to which Preliminary Observations on the Proposal to circle of offshore territories, for whom the you make refe..-ence are those Justifying the Accord Legal Preference to US-Flag Tank­ long-haul foreign-flag carriage precedes re­ bill's oil import cargo preference amend­ ers in the Carriage of 50% of Imports of fining. The location of these refineries abroad ment on the grc,unds of national security Oils (with certain exceptions) might involve, in the next decade, a multi­ and the unavailaibllity of vessels of the so­ billion dollar outflow of capital, together call ed "Effective U.S. Controlled Fleet SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS with the export from the United States of (EUSC) ." 1. If not offset by substantial export of the related skilled employments. These would The growing dependence of the United US refinery capacity, the proposal to pre­ be employments both in petroleum refining States on foreign oil is a matter of great con­ empt 50 % of all US imports of oils ( except­ and in other industries which are advan­ cern to the Department of Defense. That de­ ing residual and no. 2), through US-flag tageously located when they can receive pendence poses a threat to the security and "cargo-preference", would require the con­ short-distance deliveries from refineries. well being of the nation, in the event that struction, in US shipyards, of something like 7. U.S.-flag "cargo-preference" would op­ availability of foreign oil is denied, whether 3,600,000 deadweight tons of ocean-going erate, like any other factor which increases through political, economic or mllitary tankers, in each of the next 12 years. the cost of foreign oils delivered to U.S. ports, actions. 2. This building of tankers, on a steady to fac111tat.e the raising of the prices of do­ A key factor in insuring our capab111ty schedule, would give rise to perhaps 50,000 mestically produced American crude oils. to move oil over hostile seas, or to provide to 60,000 permanent manufacturing jobs, in 8. The burden of "cargo-preference" will flexib111ty of source, is an adequate tanker the shipyards and in the establishments of fall unevenly on various groups of firms in fleet which can be relied on for delivery of the shipyards' suppliers. U.S. petroleum refining and marketing. whatever oil is available during periods of As these new tankers came into service, the (a) The smaller refiners will be more political or economic stress of war. U.S. flag permanent operating jobs afforded, to US damaged than the larger. The smaller re­ vessels with American crews a.re the most seafaring men, would gradually cumulate to finers now receive a relatively larger share reliable source of ocean transport. Availa­ a total, toward 1985, of perhaps 5,000 to of crude import quotas, and they will cor­ bllity of Effective U.S. Controlled (EUSC) ves­ 10,000--the exact number depending both on respondingly lose more when import rights sels or other foreign flag vessels is of course the characteristic ship-size adopted and on (burdened by "cargo-preference" costs) lose less assured. However, in view of the prob­ the degree of continued overmanning on some of their value. able denial of some oil sources, a possible US ships. (b) The "independent" refining companies reduction in world civil consumption in 3. The construction subsidy cost, to the (who produce in the U.S. little of their own times of stress, and the surplus in world Treasury of the United States, of this pro­ crudes) will be more damaged than the "in­ tanker tonnage, it does not appear that non­ gram of pre-empting tanker import cargo tegrated" companies (who largely produce availability of tankers, although of concern, would be a minimum of $110 per deadweight in the U.S. the crude oils they refine here). would be the only problem in some future ton. This would mean a minimum subsidy ( c) The companies already positioned in crisis. From a security standpoint, we believe cost of $400 million annually or a. total ocean-going t*anker operations may be less the oil problem centers heavily on the avail­ subsidy in the range of $5 billion for the 12- damaged than others. ability of the oil itself, and in time of war, year program. 9. The balance of reasoning and of ex­ the ability to provide adequate protection The US Treasury would then be paying a perienced judgment stands against the for tankers on the high seas. subsidy of some $7,000 each year for every proposition that "cargo-preference" for com­ Even if it were to be concluded that a sub­ job this program created in US manufactur­ mercial import tankers will contribute to stantial portion of our oil import should ing. the National Security of the United States. move in U.S. flag vessels for security reasons, 4. We do not have any reliable way to esti­ One element in the current pattern is large we do not believe that H.R. 13324 would mate how much more will .t e charged, on im­ ( about 25 % ) American ownership and con­ accomplish that purpose. By exempting fuel port carriage from the increasingly distant trol of the worldwide commercial tanker oil from its provisions the bill would leave origins of oils, by US-flag tankers, under con­ fleet, though dominantly through economical the East Coast totally dependent on foreign ditions of 50% monopoly, than would be (and non-controlling) "flags of conven­ vessels for a vital segment of its oil supply. charged by fully competitive foreign-flag ience". And by financially penalizing the U.S. refiner tankers. We merely report the opinion, now This pattern has proven compatible with of fuel oils who would be required to import current in Washington, that US-flag vessels nearly worldwide (fully 90%) tanker coop­ half his crude oil in U.S. flag vessels, it are likely to charge, on the average, some­ eration in "crisis management" whenever would discourage increases in domestic fuel thing like 50¢ per barrel more. the ocean-going oil supply has been threat­ oil refining capacity, already in critically Such e. 50¢ additional charge would yield, ened with disturbance. "Cargo-preference" short supply, and encourage expanded off­ toward 1985, on oils "eligible" for cargo­ would breach this cooperation, through seg­ shore construction of refineries with at­ preference, something like $2¥.l million per mentation and counter-segmentation of tendant security risks. day or more than $800 million per year! We world tanker carriage. For the National Se­ The bill would lend further encourage­ do not characterize this total as probable curity of the US, the consequence would ment to the already developing trend towards or improbable. We do however urge that more probably be loss than gain. the construction of offshore transshipment every reasonable step of policy and admini­ 10. A substantial alleviation of the burden terminals, and do much to eliminate the stration be taken to prevent the emergence and damage of "cargo-preference" would re­ economic pressure for construction of deep of such a. monstrous development of the sult if, in the basic enactment, the initial water ports in the U.S. In the process, the current US maritime idea.logy of "operating­ experience of preference were limited to the 50% U.S. flag rule would apply to a. declining differential" subsidies. carriage of tanker cargo originating in the volume of direct shipments from oil sources Were this 50¢ added charge indeed to be Western Hemisphere. This limitation would to the U.S., and to an increasing volume of paid, it would amount ( on the basis of reflect recognition that there are not, at short haul relay movements. The total U.S. 10,000 additional seafaring jobs) to an addi­ present, the US-flag tankers which would be flag tonnage likely to result from application tional burden of $80,000 each year for each required for a responsible 50 % participation of H.R. 13324 under those cirr.umstances additional American seafaring man afforded in worldwide tanker movements to the US. would bP- only a small fraction of the total employment by this program. The regional limitation would reduce-­ tonnage involved in the delivery of oil to the 5. In the very short run, where the U.S. though not eliminate-the "scalping" of im­ United States. general price level of oils does not move, we porters by tanker opera.tors. Properly formu­ The degree of improved security which anticipate that higher Import costs for crude lated, such a limitation would also provide might accrue from the relatively small gain oils (whether arising from added tanker for a review by the Congress, after a term in U.S. flag vessels would be more than offset charges or any other cost) will operate to of years, when the experiment could be by likely developments resulting from appli­ diminish the profitab111ty of U.S. refining and abandoned or enlarged. cation of similar legislation by foreign na­ marketing. 11. An even more fundamental alleviation tions on which we depend for oil. A growing In the long-run, however, when capital would be constituted by a provision, in the percentage of our imports might then depend must be attracted into U.S. oils to permit enabling legislation, that no requirement of on the availability of giant crude carriers expansion, there is no presumption that "cargo-preference" should operate to bar any higher materials import costs will operate to US refining company from using the cheap­ wearing the flag of oil supplying nations in­ est import transportation it could find, in­ stead of the third party nations now provid­ reduce the rate of profit in American oil refining and marketing. It is therefore to cluding foreign-flag tankers, to carry to the ing flags of convenience. Thus, a nation be anticipated that these higher costs will United States a minimum of 25 % of all the which chose to deny supply of its oil, could be "passed on" to others. crude oil the company must purchase for simultaneously deny us the means to trans­ The added costs of the more expensive refining in the US, after deducting from its port replacement oil from other sources. U.S.-fla.g tanker operations will then come, total refinery runs the full amount of crude In view of the foregoing, it 1s the view of in time, to be borne by the whole body of oil this refining company itself produces in the Department of Defense that the enact­ Americans, partly as taxpayers and partly the US. This alleviation would give recogni­ ment of Section 3 of H.R. 13324, as reported as consumers of oils. tion to the fa.ct that, on present trends, im­ in the Senate, would be inimical to the na­ 6. We would expect a U.S.-flag "ca.rgo­ ported crude oils from overseas are likely tic n's security. preference" program to contribute signifi­ to become, in the next decade, fully as im­ Sincerely, cantly to the already-ongoing "export" of pe­ portant an element in US crude oil supply J. FRED BUZHARDT. troleum refinery ca.pa.city from the United as the entire production of crude a.nd field July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25109 condensate of the "lower 48" States. It would burdens of his position and do whatever Constantine A. Anthony, President, Arling· reflect recognition also that, in the measure he can to end the pressing problem of ton. that a refiner needs to make net purchases Harry Brown, Vice President, Arlington. of crude oils for his own US refining, he is unemployment in the Oakland metro­ politan area. His selfless devotion to the Chris A. Varellan, Secretary, Arlington. not benefited by the crude import quota Michael P. Pappas, Treasurer, Arlington. system which operates to raise the prices of NAB and its purposes should not only Pano Liatos, President, Richmond. domestic US crudes. This net buyer of crude serve as an example to us all, it should Frank Yannis, Vice President, Richmond. oils for refining needs competitively, in pro­ reassure us of the value-not to men­ G. T. Georges, Secretary, Richmond. portion to his crude buying requirements, tion the necessity-of individual involve­ X. Morris, Treasurer, Richmond. to have access to the cheapest crude im­ ment for the good of the community. Theodore Boyce, President, Norfolk. ports-supported by the cheapest tanker In closing, Mr. Speaker, I again wish Joseph Mandeleris, Vice President, Norfolk. transportation-anywhere available. to state my deepest appreciation for the Stanley C. Passaris, Secretary, Norfolk. 12. "Cargo-preference" belongs to the pro­ George Pahno, Recording Secretary, Nor- foundly defeatist camp of public economic fine service rendered the people of the folk. policy. Such defeatism regularly looks, in in­ Oakland area by Mr. Daly and the Na­ N. G. Theodisious, Treasurer, Norfolk. ternational transactions, toward curtailing tional Alliance of Businessmen. Paul C. Flegas, President, Roanoke. US expenditures on ( cheap, competitive) im­ James V. Mallis, Vice President, Roanoke. ports of goods and services and then sub­ John G. Peroulas, Secretary, Roanoke. stituting for these imports more expensive James Tames, Treasurer, Roanoke. domestic production of equivalent things. AHEPA CELEBRATES ITS GOLDEN George Kolidakis, President, Hopewell. A US economic policy not permeated by this Dean Vonetes, Vice President, Hopewell. defeatist outlook would look rather toward ANNIVERSARY James Matthews, Secretary, Hopewell. increasing US incomes by expanding Ameri­ James Basis, Treasurer, Hopewell. can exports of those goods and seTVices in Milton Sarris, Secretary, Arlington. which US production is most competitive. HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST Ken Bellas, Treasurer, McLean. It is of the nature of the defeatist approach Current national officers to arise from an 1nitial weakness and to OF vmGINIA deepen the weakness from which it springs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Col. Peter N. Derzis, Chairman, Supreme Trustee, Arlington. Monday, July 24, 1972 John Angelopoulos, Ahepa Mother Lodge, Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, the Danville. OAKLAND NATIONAL ALLIANCE OF American Hellenic Educational Progres­ Current district lodge officers BUSINESS DOES GREAT JOB sive Association celebrates its golden an­ George Johnson, Lt. Governor, Arlington. niversary this month. It was 50 years ago Milton Sarris, Secretary, Arlington. that the order was founded, on July 26, Chris A. Varellan, Athletic Director, Falls HON. JEROME R. WALDIE 1922, in Atlanta, Ga. Church. OF CALIFORNIA The aims of this fine organization re­ Past national officers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES flect a highmindedness worthy of every Alfred G. Vonetes, Past Supreme Lodge, American. In addition to the good fel­ Hopewell. Monday, July 24, 1972 John P. Angelson, Past Supreme Lodge, lowship which one finds in the order Norfolk. Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, at this loyalty to the United States and respect time I would like to express my appre­ for its institutions and laws are para­ ciation for the magnificent efforts of the mount objectives. PENNSYLVANIA ANALYZES STATE Metropolitan Oakland Area National The educational goals have found tan­ INSURANCE PROBLEMS Alliance of Businessmen, and especially gible expression in the form of finan­ their former chairman, Mr. Edward J. cial support for scholarships and institu­ Daly. tions of higher learning both here and HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE Under the inspired 4-year leadership abroad. OF :MISSOURI of Chairman Daly, the Oakland NAB Few fraternal organizations have con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES energetically pursued the development tributed so much to aid the victims of Monday, July 24, 1972 of jobs for the hard-core unemployed national disaster than the Order of and the returning veteran. The Oakland Ahepa. Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, the State NAB has proven itself to be of invalu­ I am proud to be able to count myself of Pennsylvania is taking what may be a able aid to the community by activity as a member, and I cherish the friend­ leader's role in analyzing State insurance engaging business participation in com­ ships which I have found there as much problems. bating the crisis in unemployment. as I do the ideals for which it stands. The following article should be of in­ During the tenure of Mr. Daly, 8,256 Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this terest to all who purchase life insurance: deserving persons found full-time em­ opportunity to salute this great order on VARIATION IN SURETY COST C~HARGES ployment in over 351 companies, both its 50th anniversary, and I am appending CAN DOUBLE FROM FIRM TO FIRM large and small; 9,800 young people the names of our local chapter officers in (By Bob Woodward) found summer jobs; and 38 companies the Commonwealth of Virginia: A national shopper's guide for life insur­ loaned 90 executives to help in the orga­ ORDER OF AHEPA ance shows that some major companies nization and operation of the JOBS charge more than twice as much as others program. VIRGINIA for similar policies, and that some of the These figures alone, however, only LCYJal chapter officers best known firms charge the most for cover­ provide a measure of progress, they are John Samos, President, Newport News. age. not a final analysis of result. They are Theodore Takis, Vice President, Newport Among the life insurance firms doing busi­ News. ness in the Washington area, for example, but the indicators of an on-going com­ Mickey Markos, Secretary, Newport News. average annual cost for the same $10,000 mitment by aware private industry and Peter Savrides, Treasurer, Newport News. straight life policy from Connecticut Mutual concerned individuals, such as Mr. George Zambos, President, Fredericksburg. Life is $22.40 compared to $53.10 a year from Daly, to solving one of the major prob­ Mike G. Kontounadis, Vice President, Fred- Travelers Insurance Co. lems facing America today. ericksburg. This means that over 20 years it takes to The response of these men and their James Govenides, Secretary, Fredericks­ pay off such a policy, the Counnecticut companies to the often heard call for in­ burg. Mutual subscriber would pay $448, compared volvement in civic affairs has been hon­ Mitchell P. Raftelis, Treasurer, Fredericks­ to $1,062 paid by a subscriber of Travelers. burg. The national shopper's guide was released est and unhesitating. Those who work Arthur Craten, President, Alexandria. this month by Pennsylvania's crusading in­ to further the goals of the National Al­ Nicholas Collasanto, Vice President, Alex- surance commissioner, Dr. Herbert S. Denen­ liance of Businessmen unselfishly give of andria. berg, as an outgrowth of a shopper's guide their time and energy because they know Emanuel Psarakis, Secretary, Alexandria. released in April for firms selling life insur­ how desperately their services are need­ Nicholas Charuhas, Treasurer, Alexandria. ance in Pennsylvania. ed by this Nation's underprivileged. Stephen Andrews, President, Williamsburg. The national guide shows the actual cost of Mr. Edward Daly, as president and Dr. Pete N. Poulos, Vice President, Wil- insurance after the insured person ha.s pa.id chairman of the board of World Air­ liamsburg. premiums and deducted the ultimate cash Col. Christopher L. Pappas, Secretary, Wil­ value of the policy and the money paid back ways, is an outstanding example of a liamsburg. by the company in dividends. man who has been will1ng to add to the John Baganakis, Secretary, Williamsburg. This method of arriving at the average an- 25110 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 nual cost was developed by a committee of costs include Metropolitan, Prudential, John family has $20,900 in coverage. Total life insurance industry representatives and is Hancock, Travelers, Connecticut General, insurance in force is now more than $1.4 generally considered the best way to com­ Occidental Life of California, Lincoln Na­ trillion. pare policies and show true cost to the sub­ tional and Mutual of New York. The national shopper's guide was com­ scriber. The guide says that the best buys are piled from a $25 book called "Cost Facts on Spokesmen for the Life Insurance Associa­ Bankers Lif_e, Connecticut Mutual, The Life Insurance," which is published by the tion of America and the Institute of Life In­ Northwestern Mutual, Massachusetts Mutual, National Underwriter Company of Cincinnati. surance said yesterday that the method is New England Mutual, New York Life, and Denenberg has also issued shopper's guides probably the best. Sun Life Assurance Co. of Canada. on automobile insurance and hospitals in However, both noted that there are other Denenberg does not conceal his purpose in the Philadelphia area. Both have been fol­ ways to compare policy costs and take into publishing the guide: "We will continue to lowed by a storm of protest from those consideration such factors as the desire of publish the list of the highest cost companies involved. some policyholders to pay less of a premium in order to put pressure on all life insurers In issuing the national guide on life in­ in the years when they are young. to lower their premiums," he said in a recent surance, Denenberg emphasized that a per­ The chief conclusion of the national guide speech. son with a higher cost life insurance policy is that the firms charging the lowest pre­ In a telephone interview yesterday, Denen­ would probably make a mistake to switch mium are not necessarily the best buys. berg said that the life insurance industry to another company. The Connecticut Mutual annual premium, "hasn't tasted the lash of competition." He said this was because cash value and for example, is $135 a year, compared to $118 He said he will periodically publish a list dividends increase sharply as the policy gets for Travelers. But the guide calculates inter­ of the ten firms with the highest life insur­ older, making a switch a mistake. est, dividends and cash value and concludes ance cost and the lowest. "It will be like the The ranking of the companies is based that the ultimate cost of the Connecticut FBI's 10 most wanted list, only we'll have a solely on cost and does not take into account policy is $614 less over 20 years. 10 least wanted list also," Denenberg said. the overall financial conditions of the com­ The comparisons were done on the $10,000 The national guide, he said, should cause pany and the service provided by the agent. straight life policy because it is the most the 450,000 agents selling life insurance to Denenberg said his insurance department popular and representative of life insurance put pressure on their companies to make has already received about 50,000 requests offerings. It is popular because it provides their prices competitive. for copies of the life insurance shopper's both life insurance coverage and return on Denenberg said that the guide could easily guide. He predicted that millions of copies investment. save consumers $3 billion a year in premiums of the guide would soon be in circulation. Ranking on the national guide is for the if they shop for the best buys, and the pub­ George K. Bernstein, the federal insurance 30 largest life insurance firms in the nation. licity forces rates down in the entire industry. administrator, and Edward P. Lombard, They hold more than half of all life insur­ Total payments for life insurance in 1970 superintendent of the D.C. insurance depart­ ance policies nationally, and all have offices were about $37 billion. ment, both said yesterday that the guide is in the Washington area. About 7 of every 10 people in the nation an excellent aid for anyone shopping for a The large firms with higher than average have a life insurance policy. The average new life insurance policy.

PREMIUMS AND INSURANCE COST FOR A $10,000 STRAIGHT LIFE CASH-VALUE INSURANCE POLICY SOLD BY THE 30 LARGEST COMPANIES (3)

Male Age 20 or Female Age 23 (4) Male Age 35 or Female Age 38 (4) Male Age 50 or Female Age 53 (4) Average (6) Average (6) Average (6) Rankin~ At Annual Yearly Cost of Ranking At RankisS At COMPANY (5) Pr!~~~~ Yearlfns~~!~i~ Age 0/23 Premium Insurance Age 35/38 Pr!~i~~ Yearlrn;u~~tni! Age /53

1. Bankers life Company (Iowa) ______$149. 70 $24. 70 2 $229.10 $42. 00 1 $400. 30 $119. 20 1 2. Connecticut Mutual life Ins. Co ______135. 00 22.40 1 218. 50 46. 70 3 397. 70 132. 70 6 3. The Northwestern Mutual life Ins. Co ______157. 40 28. 70 3 234. 80 45.50 2 405. 40 129. 40 3 4. Massachusetts Mutual life Ins. Co ______156. 30 29.50 5 236.10 50.00 4 407. 90 131. 40 5 5. New England Mutual life Ins. Co ______155. 20 31. 70 6 232. 50 50. 50 6 398. 80 129. 70 4 6. New York life Ins. Co ______152. 40 32. 50 8. 233. 40 52. 40 8 400. 50 127. 70 2 7. Sun life Assurance Co. of Canada ______153. 30 29.10 4 234. 00 50.10 5 409.00 137.90 7 8. Great-West life Assurance Co. (Canada) ______131. 30 31. 90 7 206. 00 52. 20 7 366. 80 140. 70 8 9. The Equitable life Assurance Society ot the U.S. (NY) ______---- __ ------. ------. ------152. 70 33.60 10 233. 20 56.60 12 404. 50 141.10 9 10. The Manufacturers life Ins. Co ______127. 80 37.10 19 197. 00 56. 00 10 343. 70 142. 50 11 11. The Penn Mutual life Ins. Co ______153. 00 35. 60 14 235. 40 58. 30 15 412. 70 144. 10 13 12 . State Farm life Ins. Co. (2) ______146. 10 32. 60 9 227. 40 53.60 9 409. 20 152. 80 18 13. Mutual Benefit life Ins. Co ______158. 00 34. 90 12 238. 70 58.00 14 412. 30 147. 60 15 14. Aetna life Ins. Co .. ______------___ __ 160. 60 42.00 25 239. 50 56.40 11 408. 50 142.30 10 15. John Hancock Mutual life Ins. Co ______157. 00 35. 70 15 242.10 61. 60 19 415. 70 144. 90 14 16. Continental Assurance Co ______155. 70 36. 00 16 241. 20 59.10 18 419. 90 147. 90 16 17. The Prudential Ins. Co. of America (2) ______157. 10 36. 40 17 244. 40 63. 20 21 438.10 143. 90 12 18. The Canada life Assurance Co ______141. 20 35.00 13 214.00 56. 80 13 384. 60 153. 00 19 19. The Mutual life Ins. Co. of N.Y. (2) ______152. 00 34. 20 11 234.10 58. 50 16 416. 20 152. 60 17 20. The Lincoln Nat'!. life Ins. Co. (Ind.) ______155. 20 36.60 18 235. 60 58.90 17 408. 60 153. 00 19 21. Occidental life Ins. Co. of California ______153. 30 42.10 26 233. 50 65. 80 22 401. 30 156. 30 21 22. The Minnesota Mutual life Ins. Co. (2) ______156. 40 39. 70 23 238. 90 62. 50 20 414. 80 162.10 22 23. Metropolitan life Ins. Co. (2) . ------158. 60 37. 20 20 248.10 66.80 23 427. 10 165. 80 23 24. Connecticut General life Ins. Co ______139. 40 39. 50 22 220. 40 70. 70 24 398. 80 175. 30 24 25. American National life Ins. Co. (2) ______155. 80 38.40 21 239. 70 71. 30 26 423. 50 180. 20 25 26. The National life & Accident Ins. Co. (l) ______116. 50 40. 30 24 190. 80 73.60 27 343. 70 180. 60 26 27. The Western and Southern life Ins. Co. (2). ______156. 60 43. 60 28 246. 30 73. 80 28 426. 30 184. 40 27 28. Allstate life Ins. Co. (l) ______109. 00 42. 50 27 176. 00 71.10 25 343. 00 194. 80 30 29. Provident life and Accident Ins. Co. (Tenn.) (l)___ 108. 80 48.10 29 177. 30 77.30 29 328. 70 184. 70 28 30. The Travelers Ins. Co. (l) ______118. 00 53.10 30 190. 90 84. 70 30 348.10 194. 40 29

(1) Policies that pay no dividends , but guarantee premium rate. (4) Usual premiums for a female are the same as those for a male three years younger. (2) Policy includes waiver of premium for disability at no extra cost. Costs have been adjusted (5) listed according to the average of the costs at the 3 ages. to remove the estimated charge for this benefit. (6) Ranked at each age according to the average yearly cost of insurance over a 20-year period. (3) Largest by volume of total life in force. Only companies licensed in the United States are shown.

RESOLUTIONS OF NATIONAL SOCI­ Annual Congress at Indianapolis from Congress be included in the Extensions ETY OF SONS OF THE AMERICAN June 11 to June 14. of Remarks. REVOLUTION At the Congress, this patriotic orga­ There being no objection, the resolu­ nization adopted. 12 resolutions, some tions were ordered to be printed in the HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. dealing with national and international RECORD, as follows: OF vmGINIA affairs and others commending officials RESOLUTIONS of the society. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES The National Society of the Sons of the The SAR is to be commended for its Monday, July 24, 1972 American Revolution, at its 82nd Annual firm adherence to patriotic principles Congress, assembled from Jun'e 11th through Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ and its service to the Nation. June 14th, 1972, at the Indianapolis Hilton, dent, the National Society of the Sons of I ask unanimous consent that the text Indianapolis, Indiana, adopted by unanimous the American Revolution held its 82d of the 12 resolutions adopted at the SAR vote, the following resolutions: July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25111

RESOLUTION NO. 1 all programs of the Society for a deepening regret of the recent death of F.B.I. Director Whereas, President Richard M. Nixon's of the spiritual motivations of our people. J. Edgar Hoover; and policy regarding the war in' Vietnam is to RESOLUTION NO. 5 Whereas, the Blst Annual Congress by its continue to seek to negotiate a just and Whereas, for many years, certain agencies Resolution No. 7 has strongly approved Mr. honorable settlement and a return of Ameri­ of the Judiciary and Executive Branches of Hoover's policies, leadership and dedication can prisoners held by the Communist forces, the Federal Government have directed vari­ to law and order; and but not to participate in a surrender of the ous local school districts to adopt courses of Whereas, Mr. Hoover was the first recipient freedom of the mlllions of South Vietnamese action which have encroached upon parental of the National Society's Law Enforcement citizens nor in a surrender of the honor of and local authority governing neighborhood Commendation Medal being presented to him our nation; schools; and by the then President General, Walter Now, therefore be it Resolved, that the Na­ Whereas, such encroachment threatens to Sterling; tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ destroy our public schools and places in Now, therefore be it resolved by the Na­ tion in its 82nd Annual Con·gress assembled Jeopardy the traditional control of Public tional Society of the Sons of the American hereby affirms its support of these policies as Education by the States; Revolution at its 82nd Annual Congress as­ stated by The President of the United States Now therefore be it Resolved that the sembled that we express our deepest regret and urges that he take all necessary and National Society, Sons of the American Rev­ upon the passing of Mr. J. Edgar Hoover and responsible action to effect an end to the olution in its 82nd Annual Congress assem­ extend our sincere sympathy to his family conflict, a prompt return of American pri­ bled, urges the United States Congress to and many friends and we express our deep soners held by the Communists and the propose and the States to adopt a constitu­ gratitude to the dedicated service he gave reasonable assurance of the freedom of the tional amendment which would assure the during his lifetime to the people of the South Vietnamese people whom we have be­ preservation of our neighborhood schools and United States of America and to the preser­ friended from future political and military promote the provision of a quality education vation of the principles upon which our aggressions. to all children, and prohibiting any form Republic was founded. RESOLUTION NO. 2 of compulsory busing of students to achieve RESOLUTION NO. 10 Whereas, the National Society, Sons of the racial balance. Whereas, the United Nations General As­ American Revolution has noted a rapid rise RESOLUTION NO. 6 sembly has expelled loyal member of the in public proposals that the United States Whereas, one of the most revered men in U.N. the National Republic of China, and should grant amnesty to those young men the United States, President Abraham Whereas, this action by the U.N. violated who have fled their country to avoid mili­ Lincoln, directed that the song "Dixie" be the principles of its own Charter, and tary service and those who have deserted played at events celebrating the end of the Whereas, Nationalist China was a peaceful, from military service, and War Between the States; and dues paying member of the U.N. and a friend Whereas, we believe those young men who Whereas, "Dixie" is a most important part of the United States, and have fled or deserted have refused to fulfill of Americana, and should be recognized as Whereas, the U.N. has admitted Commu­ one of the most essential duties of citizen­ such by all patriotic citizens; and nist China, a government which has slaugh­ ship and that it would be a violation of faith Whereas, respect for America and its old tered millions of its own people, and has im­ with those hundreds of thousands of brave and respected institutions and traditions, in­ posed a constant reign of oppression and men who have honorably served their coun­ cluding the music which makes up a part slavery, and try, those who are prisoners of war and those of her history, should be displayed by all Whereas, Commun.1st China, hav.ing been who have given their lives, the ultimate patriotic citizens; g.iven a seat on the Security Council, can sacrifice; Now, therefore be it resolved that the Na­ now veto any action by the U .N. thereby Therefore be it resolved, that we express tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ making it totally impotent as a force for our strong opposition to such action; that tion in its 82nd Annual Congress assembled peace, and we call upon our Senators and Representa­ endorses the right of all free citizens to Whereas, many of the United Nations pro­ tives 1n the Congress and the President of freely play and sing the song "Dixie" and ponents seek to grant a total Power of At­ the United States to resist the pressures other music forming a part of our American torney over the internal affairs of its mem­ being mounted for amnesty; and that the heriitage, and urges all civil authorities to bers which would thereby deprive the United appropriate authorities prosecute those of­ preserve this right as one of those funda­ States of its Sovereign Powers and make it fenders swiftly and fully when and if they mental freedoms which are so dear to the subservient to the will of multitudinous, for­ are apprehended. hearts of true Americans. eign countries, and RESOLUTION NO. 3 Whereas, competent testimony shows that RESOLUTION NO. 7 certain foreign nations are using their mem­ Whereas, truth constitutes the greatest Whereas, the California Society, Sons of weapon against communist falsehoods; and bership in the U.N. to bring in spies and the American Revolution has taken appro­ subversion to attack the United States in­ Whereas, "Radio Free Europe" and simi­ priate action to support the establishment ternally; lar agencies have done a commendable task, of the Patton family home in the City of on a relatively modest budget, in penetrating Now, therefore be it resolved,, that the Na­ San Marino, California as a memorial to the tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ the Iron Curtain and presenting essential late, General George S. Patton, Jr.; and truthful news, thereby bringing a ray of tion again goes on record as opposing con­ Now, therefore be it resolved by the Na­ tinuation of our membership in the United hope and comfort to the enslaved masses tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ Nations. laboring under the communist yoke; tion in its 82nd Annual Congress assembled Now, therefore be it resolved that the that it endorses the action of the aforesaid RESOLUTION NO. 11 National Society, Sons of the American Rev­ California Society and urges the establish­ Whereas, it has been the policy of the Na­ olution favors these programs and urges that ment and maintenance of the Patton Home tional Society of the Sons of the American they be continued. in San Marino, California as a permanent Revolution to re-affirm and re-adopt all pre­ memorial to the memory of General Patton. vious Resolutions; RESOLUTION NO. 4 Now, therefore be it resolved, that the Na­ Whereas, many citizens are expressing con­ RESOLUTION NO. 8 tional Society does re-adopt and re-affirm all cern for the moral decay, the spiritual dearth Whereas, the National Society, Sons of the previous resolutions where applicable. and the rise of destructive revolutionaries American Revolution and the Indiana So­ who are seeking to destroy the American ciety, Sons of the American Revolution lost a RESOLUTION NO. 12 way of life and undermine the principles of steadfast and valiant compatriot upon the Whereas, the 82nd Annual Congress of the our Constitutional Republic; and passing of Compatriot James Arthur De­ National Society of the Sons of the American Whereas, every endeavor to make the fibre Weerd, D.D.; and Revolution has been successful in every re­ of our country stronger has little hope of Whereas, upon the occasion of the 82nd spect; and success unless our citizens are inculcated Annual Congress being convened in his be­ Whereas, our appreciation should be ex­ with the need to observe the principles of loved State of Indiana, it is deemed fitting tended to the individuals and groups that that a special tribute to our late Compatriot contributed to the success of this Congress; love of country and our countrymen, Justice DeWeerd be adopted by this Congress; Now, therefore be it resolved, that the Na­ and service; and Now, therefore be it resolved by the Na­ tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ Whereas, the Chaplain General of the Na­ tional Society, Sons of the American Revolu­ tion hereby expresses its grateful apprecia­ tional Society in his report to this Congress tion in its 82nd Annual Congress assembled, tion to President General Eugene c. McGuire has urged a National spiritual effort on the that we express our deepest regret upon the and to his charming and devoted wife, Paula, part of all Compatriots of the Society; passing of Compatriot James Arthur De­ for the faithful performance by him of the Now, therefore be it Resolved that the Weerd we extend our sincere sympathy to arduous duties of his high office and the his family and many friends; and we express National Societ y, Sons of the American Rev­ gracious giving of their talents to his out­ olution at its 82nd Annual Congress assem­ our deep gratitude for all of the dedicated service he gave during his lifetime to the standing administration; and bled en dorse the recommendation of the Be it further resolved: that our apprecia­ Chaplain General in said report and urgently Society and to the preservation of the prin­ ciples upon which our Republic was founded. tion be given to our Executive Secretary, ask all Chaplains of the State Societie!' and Warren S. Woodward, and his lovely wife, local Chapters of the Sons of the American RESOLUTION NO. 9 Gisela, for their vital role in the arrange­ Revolution and all Compatriots everywhere, Whereas, the National Society, Sons of the ments for, and execution of, the Congress, to give earnest and active encouragement to American Revolution has learned with deep and 25112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 Be it further resolved: th&t our grateful dom, :md reduce citizens to serfs in their much classical Rome realized its debt to appreciation and thanks be extended to: own country. Greece. Compatriot Marshall E. Miller, Chairman A good example, one I have often The legacy of Greece to the rest of the of the Indiana. Society Congress Arrange­ talked about, is the country of Lithuania. Western World is beyond compare and ments Committee, and his attractive wife, Marilyn, and Compatriot Jack M. Carmichael, This is a nation of freedom-loving value. Hellenism sparked the Renais­ President of the Indiana. Society and Co­ peoples who have struggled under the sance; from there the spirit of "the glory Chairma.n of the Indiana. Society Congress yoke of communism since 1940 when that was Greece" permeated so thorough­ Arrangements Committee, and members of Lithuania was forced into becoming a ly into the mainstream of the Western the Indiana. Society and their la.dies who part of the Soviet Union. World that Sir Henry Maine's classic re­ assisted them, and in particular, Compatriot Lithuania's history goes back to the mark is not too far off the mark: and Mrs. Cyril L. Johnson, Compatriot and 12th century. For more than 600 years Except the blind forces of nature, nothing Mrs. Albert T. Morris, Walter C. Bridgewater, her people repeatedly were compelled to moves in this world which is not Greek in Troy G. Thurston, Lowell C. Reed, Adam origin. Riggin and Estel L. Allen: fight in defense of their national sov­ The Honorable Edgar D. Whitcomb, Gov­ ereignty. By a peace treaty in 1919, how­ Our present-day political system has ernor of the State of Indiana. and The Hon­ ever, the Soviet Government recognized reached a point that would seem strange orable Richard G. Lugar, Mayor of the City the rights of Lithuania over its territory to the classical Greek, it is true. Yet, the of Indianapolis and The Honorable John W. and people. During this period 0f inde­ idea of a government answerable to the Walls, Senior Assistant Mayor of the City pendence Lithuania made progress in of Indianapolis for their well-received greet­ governed, trial by jury, civil liberty of ings and remarks to this Annual Congress; many areas such as agriculture, industry, thought, speech, writing, assemblage, a.Iid Compatriot Fred J. Milligen, Speaker a.t education, and social reforms. worship have all had major stimulation the Monday luncheon; Although Lithuania had established a from Greek beginnings. These things set Mr. M. Stanton Evans, Speaker a.t- the firm basis for a free and self-sufficient off the Greek from his Oriental neighbor. Tuesday evening banquet; nation, at the end of the second decade They gave the Greek an indepenaence of Colonel (and Compatriot) Charles M. Duke, of independence she was swallowed up in spirit and initiative that the Greek, in Jr., USAF, the first member of the Sons of the grasping clutches of the Soviet Union the American Revolution to walk on the turn, has passed on to us. Moon, and Speaker a.t the Wednesday eve­ along with her stout hearted Baltic Ahepa has among its members the lin ~ ning banquet, and his lovely wife, Dottie, neighbors, Latvia and Estonia. The fires eal and spiritual descendants of the men who charmed everyone; of freedom, which once burned so bright­ and minds who began these things and to Mrs. Donald Spicer, President General, Na­ ly, were extinguished. whom the Western World owes so very tional Society, Daughters of the American Another, more recent example of the much of its heart and soul. Here, then, is Revolution; Mrs. Roy D. Allen, Senior Na­ repressive hand of communism, is the a factor of Ahepa's existence sometimes tional President, National Society, Children treatment the Soviet Jews are now re­ forgotten, but always present: to preserve of the American Revolution; Mr. Philip E. Horne, National President, Children of the ceiving in their own country. Many have these ideals and serve as a constant re­ American Revolution; and to Mrs. Floyd H. made attempt after attempt to migrate minder of the rock from which we are Grigsby, State Regent, Indiana. Society, to Israel only to be thwarted by the So­ hewn. Daughters of the American Revolution, for viet Government. As Will Durant put it, in the conclud­ their attendance at and greetings to this The great courage of these people-­ ing lines of his book "Our Greek 82nd Annual Congress; and people all over the world now under Heritage": Past President General Charles A. Ander­ the iron hand of communism-will serve Greek civilization is a.live; it moves in son, M.D., for arranging the display of Com­ every- breath of mind that we breathe; so patriot S. Hubba.rd Scott's collection of his­ as a warning that freedom cannot be sup­ pressed forever. Thus, Mr. Speaker, I much of it remains that none of us in one torical, State and Territorial fl.a.gs belonging lifetime could absorb it all. . . . those who to the Ohio Society, Sons of the American am proud to join with my colleagues in commemoration of this great time of re­ cherish freedom, reason and beauty .. . will Revolution; hear behind the turmoil of political history The Sta.ff of the Indianapolis Hilton for dedication to the ideal of freedom and the voices of Solon and SOCrates, of Plato their cooperation and assistance in connec­ justice for all. and Euripides, of Pheidia.s and Praxiteles, ot tion with this 82nd Annual Congress of the Epicurus and Archimedes; they will be grate­ Society. ful for the existence of such men, and will Be it further Resolved: That the National seek their company across a.lien centuries. Society, Sons of the American Revolution, in GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY OF AHEPA They will think of Greece a.s the bright its 82nd Annual Congress assembled, hereby morning of that Western civilization which, expresses its sincere appreciation to all the with a.11 its kindred faults, is our nourish­ many others whose efforts contributed to the ment and our life. success of this Congress. HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY OF INDIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE 13TH OBSERVANCE OF CAPTIVE Monday, July 24, 1972 THE ADMINISTRATION'S VIETNAM NATIONS WEEK Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, the Order of BUDGET "EXCUSE" FOR NEW Ahepa is observing its golden anniver­ WEAPONS sary thls year, and it can look back on its HON. FLOYD V. HICKS first half-century of existence with well­ OF WASHINGTON HON. LES ASPIN earned and well-deserved pride. Its con­ OF WISCONSIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tributions to the betterment and enrich­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, July 24, 1972 ment of social, moral, and family life in the American Republic through its civic Monday, July 24, 1972 Mr. HICKS of Washington. Mr. Speak­ works and programs are famous. I be­ er, this past week, we have been marking Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, the Nixon lieve, however, that one of its most im­ administration is using the $2.2 billion the 13th observance of Captive Nations portant and significant roles is that ex­ Week. It's a sad anniversary for it re­ Vietnam supplemental budget request as pressed by Ahepa itself, as one of its a convenient excuse to purchase some minds us that, in spite of the latest dis­ objects: cussions with the People's Republic of military equipment which has nothing To promote a better and more comprehen­ to do with Vietnam or the recent North China and the Soviet Union, vast areas sive understanding of the attributes and of the globe and a vast portion of hu­ ideals of Hellenism and Hellenic Culture. Vietnamese offensive. manity still do not know the freedom The Nixon administration has used as and independence we sometimes take for Peoples, cultures, nations, societies, are a principal justification for its supple­ granted. all too often prone to forget that from mental budget request the need to re­ Lands with great pride and ancient which they sprung, and to which they place weapons including aircraft lost heritages have fallen before the jugger­ owe so much. Still, from time to time, during the recent :fighting. But the ad­ naut of the armed doctrine of commu­ they return to these things; as Longfel­ ministration is simply wrong. There is nism. Regimes imposed on these lands low noted, "Cato learned Greek at in this supplemental budget $161 million persecuro religion, stifle individual free- eighty," and this is one indicator of how for 200 new aircraft sought by the ad- July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25113 ministration which is not to replace air­ military aid authorization bill a provision BUYING POWER OF CORN AND craft lost during the offensive but to buy categorically cutting off funds to maintain WHEAT NOW A SMALL FRACTION " any" American forces in Sout h Vietnam OF 1952 VALUE brand new equipment. after Aug. 31, that ls, to preclude a residual Among the items sought by the ad­ force; Mr. Mansfield indicates he would slip ministration are more than 40 F-4 Phan-­ the date a month. The administration op­ tom jets, 132 big Huey helicopters, and poses this particular "Ma nsfield amend­ HON. JOHN M. ZWACH 93 A-37 attack jet :fighters. ment," which differs from earlier versions, OF KINNESOTA Some of these are for replacements for on grounds that the President alone should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES planes lost in the fighting, but others are direct pol:cy on Vietnam a n d that passage would deprive him of an important bargain­ Monday, July 24, 1972 simply additions to our forces. To date ing chip-t he threat of indefinitely main­ absolutely no justification for putting taining a residual force--which he ls using Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, ever since this $161 million purchase into the sup­ at the Paris talks. (The amendment further I have been in Congress, I have been plemental budget has been offered. stat es t hat all American military operat ion s working for 100 percent of parity prices Mr. Speaker, most of the planes would in I n dochin a should end aft er the United for our agricultural producers. They need not be available until at least 1973 or St ates a n d Hanoi agree to a cease-fire and these prices because everything they buy 1974 and will have no effect on the cur­ after the prisoners are released, but this part has advanced greatly in cost. rent offensive. Maybe the administration of the amen dment ls simply a declaration without the force of a fund cutoff behind it .) This tremendous increase in farm pro­ is counting on the war continuing until A vote could come as early as today. duction costs over the last 20 years was 1973 or 1974? If the administration feels The issue ls more complex than the debate dramatized in a recent analysis prepared that it needs these 200 new planes, then on it has so far made out. To st art, we would by the Congressional Research Service of it should request them in its regular reiterate our judgment that it is unfor­ the Library of Congress. budget next year with full justification. tunate a n d gratuitous for the President to Walter W. Wilcox, senior specialist in I am calling upon the Nixon adminis­ keep contending that Congress has no role agriculture, was asked to determine how tration today to revise the supplemental in foreign affairs beyon d ratifying his own decisions. The Congress-in this instance, many bushels of wheat and corn it took budget request to include only the real the Senate--has ample constitutional and to buy a selected list of production items cost of the war. institutional claim to try to affect war pol­ in 1952 and 1971. The supplemental budget which totals icy. And although t he onset of the political He found, for example, that it took $2.2 billion is an addition to the $83.6 campaign unden iably complicates the mat­ almost three times as many bushels of billion sought by the Nixon administra­ ter, the issue posed by the Mansfield wheat to buy a half-ton pickup in 1971 tion for defense spending this year. amen dmen t should not be regarded as one as it did in 1952. It took more than four Mr. Speaker, the Vietnam supple­ to be treated on party lines. But neither can the amendment be taken times as many bushels of corn and more mental budget should only contain those simply as an index of whether a given sena­ than five times as many bushels of wheat items needed to fight the present tor is "for" or "against" the war, regardless to pay real estate taxes on farm land. offensive. of t he tendency of some of its supporters This is the selected list of production to call it an "end-the-war" measure. In no items and the number of bushels of conceivable sense could the removal of wheat and com required for both years: NEGOTIATED SETI'LEMENT PROS­ American forces from Sout h Vietnam alone PECTS SHOULD NOT BE HIN­ "end the war," or even the American role DERED in the war. American planes based outside 1952 1971 of South Vietnam could still be bombing, Production item bushels bushels American prisoners would still be capt ive, HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. and the American-supported government in 30-39 HP tractor: Wheat______------· ------1, 283 3, 074 OF NEW YORK Saigon-whose leader's removal is Hanoi's Corn ______------dominant war aim-would still be in power. 1, 659 3, 291 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 12' self-propelled combine: Passage of the amendment would no doubt Wheat_ ___ ------______----- 2, 483 8, 051 Monday, July 24, 1972 be taken by many as a triumph for the Corn ______------______3, 210 8, 622 Y2 ton pickup truck: "peace" movement. It would be politically 792 Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I commend embarrassing to the President, though surely Wheat_Corn ______------_--____- - -_ 2,324 the July 21, 1972, lead editorial in the 1, 024 2,488 he could find a political riposte by accusing 4-doorWheaL standard-s ______ize automobile______: ___ Washington Post for the thoughtful con­ his supporters--and fairly so-of undercut­ 943 2, 882 Corn ___ __ -- __------1, 220 3, 087 sideration of my colleagues. Many of us ting his negotiating strategy in Paris. But Real-estate taxes per 100-acres farm want the Congress to play a far more none of these results, however they are evalu­ land: active role in sharing responsibility with ated, should be confused with ending the CornWheat______-- __----____-_-__----______---- _- 36 195 war. 46 209 the Chief Executive in foreign policy and All machinery repairs per tractor on military decisions. We are concerned The core truth ls that the denial of funds farm: for a residual force would indeed undercut Wheat______-- __-- -- - _------56 138 with the erosion of powers during this the President's negotiating strategy. That Corn ______------____ _ 72 148 century, clearly vested in the Congress being so, we submit that the only basis on Building repa irs per fa rm: CornWheat______--______--_-_-______------__--_--__ -_ 68 191 by our Federal Constitution. which a responsible vote can be cast for the 88 205 The Post editorial considers the latest Mansfield amendment is the belief that Mr. 10-hour day of farm labor: Nixon's strategy is not going to work by Wheat______------3 11 attempt to legislate an end to the war, 4 and concludes that a vote for it at this November anyway and that he will then be Corn _. _------______---·- 12 time would be "capricious." It questions defeated by Senator McGovern. Mr. McGov­ ern has pledged, of course, not only to pull THE CONGRESS PROJECT the aptness of even calling a fund cut­ all forces out of South Vietnam within 90 off an "end the war" amendment. It days of ta.king office but--a step not con ­ points out that, if passed, the war would templated at all by the Mansfield a.mend­ HON. BOB WILSON continue; our POW's would still be hos­ ment--to stop the bombing on Inauguration tages; and the present Saigon regime Day. That is to say, before ta.king a crucial OF CALIFORNIA would still be in power. card out of Mr. Nixon's bargaining hand, leg­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The editorial recognizes the basic risk islators must be persuaded that the Presi­ in passage of the Mansfield amend­ dent's policy and political career alike are Monday, July 24, 1972 ment-that it would undercut the Paris bankrupt. Without such a dual conviction, Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I negotiations, in no way assist the ne­ a vote for the Mansfield amendment would know that many of my colleagues are. gotiating process and only hamper the be capricious in the extreme. And even with pondering over the ponderous question­ present hopeful signs of a negotiated set­ those two convictions, those who vote for the Mansfield amendment must take upon naire prepared by the Nader organiza­ tlement. themselves the responsibility for bringing tion and delivered to Members of Con­ The editorial follows: Congress into the act not only far too late gress. As Members of this body, we are [From the Washington Post, July 21, 1972] in the day but in a way which would constantly being asked to give our opin­ THE MANSFIELD AMENDMENT threaten to undermine or even scuttle the ions or explain our voting records--so At Senator Mansfield's initiative, the For­ Paris negotiating process which, whatever questionnaires themselves are not new eign Relations Committee wrote into the its promise, ls now so clearly under way. to us. Dummy Sig 77 25114 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 The length of the Nader survey, how­ IT IS TIME WE WERE HEARD AGAIN started, control the appetite of profit ever, involves considerably more than blind corporations, and remind big labor just filling in information. The Wall HON. JAMES ABOUREZK that its responsibilities extend beyond Street Journal of June 29 comments on an extra dollar for its members. the size of the job Mr. Nader expects of OF SOUTH DAKOTA Too often the elected representatives Congress and the unlikely aspects of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the people have done just the opposite. the survey really receiving the attention Monday, July 24, 1972 Instead of controlling the big and the rich, they have been controlled by them. from Congress that Mr. Nader demands. Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. Speaker, there is The text of the editorial is as follows : Instead of questioning the arrogant ex­ a feeling of mistrust and fear building in pert, they have bought his advice and THE CONGRESS PROJECT our land. Nothing seems to work the way laughed at the plain ideas of the average It will be, says Ralph Nader, "probably it should anymore. Things are strangely citizen. the most comprehensive and detailed study out of control. It is time to put a stop to this sort of the Congress since its inception." Some Government is bigger than ever before. 800 people, mostly volunteers, are arriving o~ thing. It is time to look at the simple But it cannot be trusted and it cannot wisdom of the average American. in Washington to gather the statistics, con­ perform. duct interviews and write studies. "The We know that we need jobs. Let us project is by far the largest undertaken by Business is richer than ever before. But make it our business to insist that Gov­ Nader," says an associate. "There's no other its products are shoddy and its concern ernment put us to work when we need it. major !Oroject goi::,g on now- this is the whole seems only with private profit and ever And let us end this foolishness that there ball game.'' higher prices. is not anything to do when we need bet­ The project's scope is indeed awesome, Labor is stronger than ever before. t~r schools, curbs on pollution, new hos­ perhaps as ambitious as the building of the But it is powerless to keep its members' pyramids, if not the filming of "Gone With pitals, drug abuse clinics, recreation fa­ wages ahead of rising costs and is too cilities, and a hundred other things. The Wind!" There is a report that one often blind to the rights of the country Nader volunteer drove 450 miles in Wyo­ _We know that inflation is robbing us ming to conduct a single interview. Ulti­ as a whole. blind. Let us end it with a program that mately, the research will yield a 3,000-page For all our bigness and power, things asks equal sacrifice of all instead of study on congressional committees and a as simple as a job for every citizen, food putting the whole burden bn the wage similar volume or volumes on the legislative at prices a family budget can stand, or earner who can least afford it. process. Mr. Nader promises recommenda­ even a clean flowing little stream, seem We know that our tax system is a bad tions for reforms in "excruciating detail." beyond our ability to create. And there will be 35 to 40-page profiles on joke. Let us insist that the rich and the The root cause of this powerlessness in corporate giants pay their fair share. each of the 535 members of Congress, which the midst of great strength is not hard he hopes to publish well before this Novem­ And let us use their share, once they start ber's elections. to find. It is the direct result of big or­ paying it, to relieve the crushing prop­ We can hardly wait, yet we suspect the ganizations whose very power blinds ert~ tax burden on the average family. venture may take Mr. Nader and his crew them to the needs of the common citizen. Fmally, we know above all that our a bit longer than they a.t first imagine. The When you are mighty, as Government country is in real trouble. Let us face that heart of the research appears to be a. ques­ and big business and labor surely are, it fact. by demanding that foreign wars, tionnaire that has been sent to each mem­ is all too easy to use your might instead ber of Congress. There are 633 questions, exotic weapons, and multiple moon shots of your commonsense. wait until we have put our own house in each of which would easily require a half­ For example, if you are Government, hour of a. Senator's or Congressman's time, in order. We pay the taxes. We have des­ addition to the research services of his and you are all powerful, why bother ask­ perate needs of our own. Let us take care staff. Working nonstop during a 40-hour ing the average guy if he thinks it is of those needs and worry about outer week, with time out for an occasional cof­ worth it to spend $150 billion to pulverize space later. fee break and to change the ribbon on his a little country in far-off Asia? Your This, then, is the basic outlook I have typewriter, a congressman could have the foreign policy experts tell you you have questionnaire in Mr. Nader's hands by mid­ brought to my work in the U.S. Con­ to do it, and your computers tell you you gress. I deeply believe that the average September. can win, so what more advice do you Some members of Congress might wish to American, as an individual, has much of take more than a half-hour for each ques­ need? value to offer his country. His voice has tion, to make the Nader project truly mean­ Or if you are a giant corporation, and been drowned by the loud demands of ingful. The questions are fairly sweeping, you are rich, why bother asking the the rich, the big, and the well organized. after all. Consider the first three: working farmer what it will mean if you It is time we were heard again. "1. Since becoming a member of Con­ move in, buy up land, and monopolize gress, what have been your three greatest agriculture from seed to supermarket. accomplishments for your district? Your Your analysts tell you land is a good in­ COMMERCE LIAISON JOB OUT­ reasons? vestment, and your tax lawyers tell you STANDING "2. Since becoming a. member of Congress, if you lose on farming you can write it what have been your three greatest accom­ off on taxes anyway, so why ask anyone plishments fol' the count ry? Your reasons? HON. DON FUQUA "3. Overall, do you believe the Congress else if you should do it? today has more ability or less ability to solve Of course, if Government had bothered OF FLORIDA contemporary problems facing this coun­ to ask the average guy about Vietnam be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES try than it did a generation ago to solve fore it was too late, he might have said Monday, July 24, 1972 the country's problems then? Your reason?" he would rather have his tax dollars Surely it would be more reasonable of used for schools and hospitals and drug Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, I would like Mr. Nader if he only required that one ques­ abuse clinics. But nobody asked. to join those colleagues who have paid tion a. day be answered. Each member of Or, if business had asked the farmer tribute to the fine work which Marvin Congress could then plan to get up a little "Lucky" Mondres has done as the con­ earlier, and while his mind was still fresh, what he thought of conglomerate farm­ answer a. question before breakfast. Or, he ing, he might have said it would break gressional liaison officer of the U.S. De­ could spend the day contemplating that millions of family farmers and drive partment of Commerce. day's question and put his thoughts to paper them into the crowded cities where they I had a particular interest in the ap­ just before bedtime. True, the project would would be forced onto welfare. But nobody pointment of Mr. Mondres as he is from then take just under two years, but the asked that question either. my great State, coming here in 1967 to pyramids weren't built over the weekend. serve as administrative assistant to Con­ And the study would be ready by the 1974 I believe those are the questions that have to be asked. And if Government, or gressman HERBERT BURKE. elections. In the past 3 % years, serving with Given a. little extra. time, members of business, or labor will not ask them, then Congress might even be willing to answer the people must give their answers with­ the Commerce Department, I have had a few more probing questions that the Nader out being asked. numerous occasion to call on Lucky and people sortehow failed t o include in their The elected representatives of the peo­ I have always found him to carry out questionnaire. Question No. 634, for exam­ ple are supposed to speak for them. They his assignments with thoroughness and ple, could be: "How did you spend your are supposed to be the ones who ques­ dispatch. The Department will have a summer vacation?" Then again, we realize tion the powerful on behalf of the peo­ difficult time in finding someone as con­ that Mr. Nader had to draw the line some­ scientious in the performance of these where. If he didn't, Congress would not ple. They are supposed to be the ones be eager to assist him. who stop pointless wars before they get duties. July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25115 Establishing some liaison between the PROCLAMATION OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK after all, the last major country into that huge bureaucracy of the Federal Gov­ The United States Congress, in enacting market." Public Law 86-90, has called for annual ob­ "On the one hand," King concluded, "we ernment is a continuing problem. Those have the People's Republic of China looking of us in the Congress have to count on servance throughout the country of Captive Nations Week. inwardly and relating their trade and invest­ men such as Lucky Mondres to get us It is a basic American principle-shared ment policies to the goal of sustaining an through to the right officials when we by all New Yorkers-that everyone should economic system built on self-sufficiency. On are working on projects to help our con­ be able to choose the type of government the other hand we have Taiwan, externally stituencies. under which he would prefer to live. oriented, building an economic destiny based There is a corresponding responsibility Many residents of our state are linked by on trade and investment and reaching c,ut to advise on the part of congressional ties of birth, culture, family, and principle from a viable economic base. Common to with those in foreign lands who have lost both is the great Chinese asset of capability liaison officers to inform their respec­ being admirable applied to two different sys­ tive heads of departments of congres­ their national independence directly or in­ directly to foreign powers. tems." sional attitudes and proposals. These New Yorkers-many of whom have The "China Conference," is the second an­ In both instances, Lucky Mondres has themselves found asylum in America from nual International Business Outlook C:m­ been outstanding and I join with my col­ captive nations abroad-have deep convic­ ference principally sponsored by the Center leagues in expressing our appreciation tions about the political oppression of their for International Business. The first confer­ for a job well done. homelands. It is fitting that we express our ence in this continuing series was the high­ sympathy with the aspirations of liberty ly successful program, "Japan's New Role in which they hold so dear. the World Economy," held in Los Angeles, Now, therefore, I, Nelson A. Rockefeller, October 18-19, 1971. CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK Governor of the State of New York, do Conference speakers included the Honor­ hereby proclaim the week of July 16-22, 1972, able Herman H. Barger, Deputy Assistant as Captive Nations Week in New York State. Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, Washington, HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI D.C.; B. T. Rocca, Jr., former President and OF NEW YORK Chairman, and currently a Director, Pacific IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vegetable Oil Corporation, San Francisco, CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL California.; Pat Clever, President, Canadian Wednesday, July 19, 1972 BUSINESS CONFERENCE ON Manoir Industries, Limited, Toronto, Canada; CHINA TRADE Dr. Robert F. Dernberger, Professor of Eco­ Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, each year nomics, University of Michigan; Kenneth since I came to Congress in 1959, the D. Gott, Managing Director, Business Inter­ Congress has joined with private indi­ HON. THOMAS M. REES national. Asia/Pacific, Hong Kong; Dr. Stan­ viduals and organizations throughout OF CALIFORNIA ley Lubman, Professor of Law, University our Nation in marking Captive Nations of California at Berkeley, California; Wilford Week. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Welch, Senio:r Sta.ff Member, Arthur D. Little, The observance allows all of us an Monday, July 24, 1972 Inc.; Dr. David Wilson, Editor, China Quar­ terly, London, England; and Dr. Yuan-Lt Wu, opportunity to speak with a collective Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, last June 12 Professor of Economics, University of San voice of the plight of the peoples of the and 13, the Center for International Francisco, President, Asia Science Research captive nations. Business sponsored a conference in Los Associates, San Francisco, and former Deputy The oppression of these individuals is Angeles concerning trade and investment Assistant Secretary of Defense, International hard for many Americans to understand Security Affairs, Department of Defense, in Taiwan and the People's Republic of Washington, D.C. because it is so foreign to their way of China. At this assembly, senior govern­ life. Yet for so many, many years the The Center for International Business ls a ment officials and business leaders of non-profit, international research organiza­ peoples of the captive nations have been many nations joined together to dis­ tion. Its purpose is to study economic and under the whip and restrictions of their cuss the many aspects of international political issues basic to the formulation of Communist leaders. business activities. I submit the text of policies affecting the international. business Our Federal Government has made a newsletter I received regarding this environment and to develop objective anal­ overtures to the Soviet Union, and our conference: yses which can be translated into practical Chief Executive recently was entertained courses of action by the business community UNITED STATES-CHINA TRADE CONCLAVE CON­ and other decision-makers in the private sec­ by the Russian leaders. But there has CLUDED-INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS OUTLOOK been no apparent defresting of the cold tor. CONFERENCE FORESEES SELECTIVE GROWTH OF The Center also serves as a focal point for war as it applies to the captive nations. TRADE WITH CHINA the dissemination of information and ideas During the past year, 17 Latvian Com­ Los ANGELEs.-Growth of trade with China of value to international businessmen in munists smuggled a memorandum out of is foreseen as slow and selective, yet very their policy- and decision-making activities; Latvia which exposed the criminal colo­ significant. and provides information and guidance in nial policies of the Soviets in Latvia. In This was among the general conclusions the field of world trade through it's World this memorandum the Latvians asked for reached at a major, two-day conference held Trade Libraries Division, in San Francisco, world help in stopping the colonization June 12-13, 1972, at Los Angeles. The con­ California. ference, attended by some two hundred do­ and Russification of Latvia. mestic, as well as international business and Earlier this year, 17,000 Lithuanians government leaders, was sponsored by the signed a petition asking for their rights Los Angeles-based Center for International AHEPA CELEBRATING GOLDEN and a halt to religious persecution in Business. The Center is an affiliate of Pepper­ Lithuania. More recently, thousands of dine University. ANNIVERSARY Lithuanians demanded their rights and "Focus of the conference was necessarily on independence in Kaunas and battled the the People's Republic of China because that HON. 0. C. FISHER Soviet police and paratroopers who were is the area we know least about," said Rich­ ard c. King, executive director of the Center. OF TEXAS sent to suppress them. King noted, "With regard to Taiwan, we as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Ukrainians are more vocal than U.S. businessmen are certanily aware of their Monday, July 24, 1972 ever in their demands for independence 'economic miracle' with substantial GNP despite ever-increasing Soviet repression. growth of approximately 10% annually, Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, this year The other captive people hope and wait which provides attractive investment and marks the golden anniversary of the for their independence and the day they trade opportunities for many foreign coun­ American Hellenic Educational Progres­ can live and build their future in their tries." sive Association. I extend my congratu­ own sovereign lands. "Most likely opportunities for U.S. busi­ lations to this great patriotic and philan­ in nessmen are in high technology areas that Mr. Speaker, we the Congress must relate to economic development, such as air­ thropic organization. continue our support for peaceful efforts craft, heavy equipment, turnkey industrial Their achievements and their con­ to biing freedom and a better way of installations including petrochemical plants tributions to worthy causes are well life for these oppressed peoples. and hydro-electric generating facilities." known and appreciated. Ahepa can point As part of my remarks I include the "However," King continued, "We have ig­ with pride to a half century of note­ text of the proclamation issued by Gov­ norance and misunderstanding to overcome, worthy progress. They have made an ernor Rockefeller of New York designat­ and we lack experience in trading with the outstanding record of which they have ing Captive Nations Week. People's Republic of China, since we are, good reason to be justly proud. 25116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 GUN CONTROL live in some fear of robbers and burglars in­ Myth No. 6: "Gun laws would not result vading their homes. About 26 percent of all in much cost or inconvenience to lawahiding households have acquired handguns in the citizens." HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY belief that they provide an effective defense There are, to be sure, some gun-control against the criminal stranger, and this is why laws that won't cost much-the problem is OF ll.LINOIS we have 30 million privately owned hand­ that they might not achieve much either. 1N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES guns. If we really want to keep guns out of the Monday, July 24, 1972 Yet the homeowner's gun rarely protects hands of the irresponsible, we must put all him against burglars, who seek to elude him, owners to the inconvenience of getting li­ Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, or the occasion robber, who counts on sur­ censes and registering guns. If we want to I am inserting an article from today's prise and a weapon of his own to render the dramatically reduce handgun violence, we Christian Science Monitor which I be­ homeowner helpless. The loaded handgun in probably have to reduce the total number of your home is much more likely to accident­ such guns. lieve is a timely analysis of myths which ally kill someone in the family than to save prevent any reasonable discussion of the This is really a simple corollary to Myth his life. No. 3, because if legitimate gun ownership need for gun control legislation. Perhaps if this were fully understood, most is part of the problem, loss of freedom and As the article points out, there is domestic handguns, and most of our gun inconvenience to legit-imate gun owners is exaggeration and misunderstanding on problems, would go away by themselves. But part of the solution. both sides of the gun control issue. Only that is unlikely. Myth No. 7: "Only the National Rifle As­ a rational as well as factual discussion, People seek guns for a sense of security and sociation stands between this country and however, will result in legislation bene­ will resist heeding any information that un­ effective gun laws." dermines that sense of security. Just as gun-owning groups see the call for ficial to us all. Myth No. 3: "Legitimate citizens a.re not In an efiort to promote a calm and more controls as an evil conspiracy, many pa.rt of our gun problem." pro-control citizens think that the only real rational approach to the issue of gun Since crime is caused by criminals, many opposition to gun regulation is the National controls, I am submitting the article writ­ people argue that our many million gun-own­ Rifle Association. But opposition to compul­ ten by Franklin E. Zimring, a professor ing families have nothing to do with the sory licensing a.nd schemes to cut down on of law at the University of Chicago and gun problem. handgun ownership has its roots much deep­ Yet the truth is that the majority of all er in American culture. associate director of the university's Cen­ gun homicides are committed by persons ter for Studies in Criminal Justice. It is People in this country are afraid of crime, without serious prior criminal records. And and having guns makes them feel better. It as follows: even more important, without registration GUN CONTROL is also difficult for legitimate gun owners to and license laws it is very difficult to keep 30 see themselves as any part <::II the problem, At times of violence or assassination, million handguns in legitimate hands while since 99 percent of all our guns are used re­ Americans tune in to the hopeful optimism still preventing potential criminals from sponsibly and everyone sees himself as pa.rt of of those who see the end of violence around buying guns secondhand or stealing them. thait 99 pereent. It is thus difficult to convince the next corner of gun legislation. Even Even registration of guns and licensing of him that there should be gun laws that in­ more regularly, gun-owning groups assure their owners might not stem the flow from convenience him. us that the 30 million handguns in the na­ legLtimate to illegitimate owners with so Myth No. 8: "All that is needed to solve our tion have nothing to do with violent crime many millions of guns in circulation. gun problem is strict legislation." in the United States. Each side is convinced So it appears that we wlll have to bring American experience With prohibition of that it is absolutely right, and nobody both­ many millions of guns under control to get alcoholic beverages suggests tha.t new laws, ers to get his facts straight. Sadly, our na­ at the violent quarter of a mlllion gun alone, are not any guarantee of significant tional debate over gun control is often a bat­ episodes. social change. Myth No. 4: "Gun laws can't work since tle of empty slogans. Public support for law must be hdgh for if a Before we get suitably serious about the criminal don't obey laws." There is a grain of truth to this argu­ law cuts against the grain of public senti­ gun problem in this country, it will be nec­ ment, too many people will disobey it. Police essary to clear away some of the rhetorical ment, but it is nonetheless a dangerous over­ and court support a.re necessary if legisla.tion excesses that have marked the gun-control simplification. In fact, the agument proves a bit too is to be more than a hollow shell. Also, it debate. The first step ls a few basic facts. should be clear by now, with as many thou­ There are about 100 million guns in this much since it suggests that all criminal sand gun laws scattered around this country country-more than two-thirds of them shot­ laws a.re futile, because all the people who vi­ olate them are, indeed, criminal. The more as gun deaths, tha.t passing the right laws guns and rifles, the tradit ional sporting under the right conditions is much more im­ weapons in American life. The other 30 mil­ complicated truth is that laws do not work portant than pa.ssing another law. lion or so are handguns owned more in automatically. They must be enforced and they must deal with the reality of gun use We need to know more than we do about cities than in rural areas, rarely used in guns and the effect of gun laws. We need to sport and nine times as likely as long guns in this country. But laws that cut down the change attitudes and values. to be involved in crime. transfer of guns from legitimate to illegi­ timate owners or dramatically reduce our Clearing a.way a few of the myths sur­ The vast majority of all guns are not rounding the gun debate is only a. first step in violently misused, but guns are involved domestic handgun supply, can cut down on the role of guns in violence. choosing the appropriate national gun policy. in a. quarter of a million violent episodes Once it is known that gun controls will be ex­ each year, and our millions C\f guns-again Myth No. 5: "Gun laws can reduce crime pensive, might take many years to a.ccom­ particularly ha.ndguns--contribute to the in the United States to the same levels ex­ perienced in countries like Britain and plhsh, and are not the final solution to the crime problem by making robbery easy and crime problem, we must address the question serious assault more dea.1.lly. The real diffi­ Japan." If the anti-contr'.>l partisans tend to forget d! whether various types of control are worth culty in the present debate over gun laws ia their cost..s. that half of the participants underestimate the gun part of our crime problem, some of the problem while the other half under­ the pro-control people seem to forget that In relation to mild steps such as firearm estimate the time, money, and loss of liberty guns are only a part of the set of special registra.tiion, the answer is easy to find. Even that will probably be necessary to solve it. problems that make violent-crime rates if the effect of such laws is modest, the fail­ The best way to illustrate this theme is by higher in this country than in the rest of ure to try them can only mean that we a.re examining eight myths about guns--four modern Western society. not serious about curbing violence. from each side. We often hear that the Uni~ States has A campaign to remove the handgun from Myth No. 1: "We have a crime problem, not a gun-killing rate 38 times as high as Eng­ civilian ownership raises harder questions. In a. gun problem." land, which presumably means that we could a. nation dedicated to individual freedom, in This refrain, often heard from anti-gun reduce killing to the English rate if we an era when we are finding that the criminal control groups is true to the extent that 100 adopted stern gun controls. Unfortunately, prohibition of things like marijuana and million guns would pose no problem in this our violent crime rate will remain much abortion may not be worth the cost, there is country if nobody fired one. The problem is higher than that of other developed coun­ a special irony in hearing liberal politicians that robbers, angry husbands, and barroom tries no matter how much we do about guns, urge a criminal prohibition of handguns. because Americans rob and attack one an­ debaters use them hundreds of thousands of Yet the handgun is a special problem. times each year. other with all weapons at greater rates than And when guns are used, they increase the do the English or Japanese. With the possible exception of heroin, chance that death will result by a factor of Reducing the proportion of attacks by never has a product cost so much and given four. We have both a crime problem and a. guns will reduce the death toll from attack so little to the quality '>f American urban life. gun problem, and each makes the other because other weapons are less dangerous. A strategy a.s unstylish a-S prohibition may worse. But it is not a cure for crime, and those be the appropriate solution to the handgun Myth No. 2: "The handgun is a useful tool who oversell gun control in this way only add problem. It may not. But before we can make of household self-defense.'' to our profound national confusion over intelligent choiceE in this area, we must face Millions of Americans (myself included) guns and violP-nce. the real is.sues. July '£4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25117 VlEWS ON GUN CONTROL: cm­ Hruska has staunchly supported the posi­ And both advocate a bill banning hand­ CAGO TRIBUNE TASK FORCE tion of the most powerful antigun control guns that cannot pass a "safety and relia­ REPORT PART V force, The National Rifle Association (NRA). bility" test rather than a "sporting purposes" He hopes the NRA will build its $25 million test now applied to imported guns under the "mecca" for sportsmen in Nebraska, a Hruska 1968 Act. HON. ABNER J. MIKVA aide confided. CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE OF ILLINOIS Political leaders can also feel the stirrings The administration promised to produce of less vocal and unorganized urban dwellers such a bill seven months ago, but it has yet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who are demanding action to control gun to be seen. The history of this long-promised Monday, July 24, 1972 sales. measure best reveals the administration's at­ FEAR LOSING SEATS titude on handgun legislation. A top admin­ Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, gun control "Altho the big majority favors gun control, istration official explained it this way: has become an explosive issue in Con­ a strong and intense minority believes this "Before the Wallace shooting there was gress. As many fight for strong control­ issue and owning guns is all important," a conspiracy of silence between Congress ling laws, others fight for no fire arm re­ Proxmire said. and the administration. There was nothing strictions. Still others try to remain out That is the dilemma of Washington leaders spoken, but we got clear signals that no one today. wanted to bring up the gun control issues. of the issue, but as public pressure in­ Everyone from the top on down said 'Don't creases, they find it harder to avoid. Their minds are haunted by the shadow of former Sen. Joseph Tydings (D., Md.) and send that damn bill up here.' It wouldn't get This is the fifth in a series of 1 O others whose political careers were supposed­ anywhere and all it would do ts result in articles recently written for the Chicago ly crushed by the steamroller of the antigun tremendous exposure to editorial criticism Tribune. The task force was created to control forces. before an election." study the role of the handgun in the "The administration just doesn't want to "When Wallace got shot, [Sen. Birch] Bayh epidemic of violence throughout Amer­ deal with that political bru-ha-ha," said one [ chairman of the juvenile delinquency sub­ ica. legal adviser when asked if the White House committee] and Celler broke the silence and Today's entry is based on interviews favored bans on handguns. "Not at this time, started calling hearings and making noises in this administration. The political liab111- about moving bills. and statements made by various Con­ ties are fantastic. Let's face it. There are "They sensed the public tide turning and gressmen. It expresses the dilemma of several former senators you can ask about it became politicaJly expedient to put up an many Members of Congres~aught in that." appearance of advocating gun control. They a crossfire between the gun lobbyists and "Every Congressman who lost his seat in are no more sincere now than before. They public pressure for gun control legisla­ 1970 is convinced he lost because he voted knew we were sitting on the thing and they tion. The views of those violently op­ for the gun control bill. The gun lobby takes didn't do a damn thing until Wallace got credit for their defeat," Mikva said. shot. Even now, no one has any illusions posed to restrictions and those desperate­ a.bout those bills passing into law." ly trying to get legislation passed are Some legislators like James Abourezk (D., S.D.), a freshman congressman, sit back hop­ Bayh's bill would apply the same "sport­ portrayed. ing the issue will pass them by. Abourezk ing purposes" test to American-made hand­ The article follows: may have to vote on a gun bill for the first guns used on imported handguns. But his GUN CONTROLS Too HOT FOR MOST time after hearings held this week on House voting record and failure to push his own bill POLITICIANS Judiciary Committee chairman Emanuel thru lends some credence to the accusations. It is one of the most politically explosive Celler's proposal. He voted for the 1968 Gun Control Act but issues in the country today, and that is why voted to repeal it only a few months later. CONSTITUENCY "EMOTIONAL" "Did I vote that way?" he asked, incredu­ the Nixon administration, its predecessors, "We were hoping there wouldn't be a blll and political leaders have sat on gun control lously. "Well, if I voted that way I voted to vote on," said David Voight, an aide to wrong." legislation for yea.rs. Abourezk who sits on the committee. "Our That was the candid confession of a high He voted against three other bills aimed constituency is very emotional a.bout guns. at gun registration, but voted for one bill administration official who described a Guns are a way of life and their attitude is that called for licensing of firearms owners. "conspiracy of silence" between Congress and if you take away my guns, you'll take away While a Presidential candidate last Octo­ the White House "not to bring up the gun my wife next." ber, Bayh held hearings on his own handgun control issue," until at least after the elec­ Stirring among the shadows of Tydings and bill, leaving a tougher bill, proposed seven tion. the others a.re memories of more tragic months earlier by Sen. Kennedy, languishing Pending bills, the official said, "are just events. More than a political career was lost before the subcommittee. window dressing to salve the national con­ when bullets killed the Kennedys and near­ After holding the hearings, he let his own science," and no one has any illusions that ly took the life of Gov. George c. Wallace bill sit for months, only pressing to report they will pass into law. "The only solution last month. It is events like these that peri­ to the nation's gun problem is total domestic it out days after Wallace got shot. odically bolster the mounting clamor for gun IGNORE MIKVA BILL disarmament, which is politically unaccepta­ control. ble and impossible at "iihis time." "But the administration reads all the polls Like Bayh, Celler refused to hold hearings POLITICIANS AFRAID TO ACT of the rural states and ignores the cry of the on two tough gun control bills proposed by urban areas," Sen. Edward Kennedy [D., Mikva. and Rep. John Murphy [D., N.Y.J, So, as firearms violence stalks the country, cla.iining for years that the "climate wasn't most politicians remain in a state of paraly­ Mass. J told Task Force reporters. "They think the guns are where the votes are." right." The NRA 's monthly magazine praised sis, cringing at the mere mention of those him in December, 1970, for "tieing up all ma­ two words ... "gun control." There is some telling evidence to support this. jor gun bills" in his committee. "The Congress is scared out of its wits be­ After Wallace was shot, Celler announced NRA, WHITE HOUSE TALK cause of public pressure on gun control," hearings would be held on his own bill. Mur­ said Congressman Abner J. Mikva [D., Ill.], The White House has opened its doors to phy wrote Celler that 9,000 people had been who has futilely requested hearings on his the NRA and firearms proponents for at killed by handguns since he introduced his tough gun control bill for more than two least two "mutually helpful" conferences measure a year ago, and the bill would have years. on gun bills and enforcement problems, banned the sale of the gun used to shoot Political leaders see the powerful gun Treasury Department officials confirm. Wallace. lobby, with its millions of supporters; flex­ "The doors are open for our views," said William Dickey, deputy assistant secretary ing its muscles at the most casual suggestion Gen. Maxwell Rich, NRA executive vice pres­ of the Treasury Department, denied the of more firearms legislation. ident and lobbyist." I understand we weren't agency was deliberately stalling on the "This is a very, very, potent political welcome during past administrations. Now "safety and reliability" proposal they prom­ force," said Sen. William Proxmire [D., Wis.], we have been asked our opinion and we gave ised to prepare by la.st November. "We just who voted for the 1968 Gun Control Act and it. But we haven't written legislation and I ran into extreme technical and legal prob­ then said in his last campaign that he don't suppose we'll be asked to." lems in setting the criteria," he said. would vote to repeal it. "We have literally But a comparison of positions taken by millions and m1llions of people who own the administration and the NRA belie that STANDARDS RECOMMENDED guns and the intensity of their feelings runs last disclaimer-they a.re one and the same A $136,000 study of 150 handguns com­ high." on gun control. pleted last September by the H.P. White lab­ LAW USELESS: HRUSKA Both oppose federal gun registration, li­ oratory concluded that standards can be set, "The people don't want their guns taken censing, and confiscation, contending they "but they don't establish them," Dickey ex­ from them," said Sen. Roman L. Hruska (R., are unenforceable measures that should be plained. Neb.). "There are 2.5 million handguns made left to the states and not the subject of fed­ The report recommends a safety and reli­ each year. Are there 2 million criminals a eral control. ab111ty test of 3,000 firings and a modified year buying them? The consumer buys them, Both claim general support for the 1968 drop test. The problem, Dickey said, is that and you're not going to stop them by passing Act, but contend some provisions, like am­ some cheap handguns would pass and some a law. This mania for passing laws and saying munition record keeping, are unenforceable expensive ones would flunk. The report notes the problem is solved is foolishness." and useless. that under this test procedure one gun priced 25118 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 under $20 would pass and eight guns over from records of a Washington dealer, had It is our duty to go back to our homes and $100 would fail. criminal records. show just what Girl's State has taught us. A close look at this safety and reliability "If we could do that, why can't the Treas­ We a.re the people who wlll teach them. proposal reveals it is really not a gun control ury Department?" commented one of the in­ Remember as Girl's State has taught us measure at all, but a consumer protection vestigators, Carl Perrian, now a Murphy aide. this week: bill. Experts, including Dickey, agree it would But when Murphy sought to repeat what Be yourself-be your best self. Dare to be put safer more reliable guns in the hands of had been proven successfully in the past-­ different and to follow your own star. criminals as well as consumers. that the records were valuable-the Treasury And don't be afraid to be happy. Enjoy In fact, the White laboratory only agreed Department ignored his request. what is beautiful. Love with all your heart to conduct the test after it was assured it "They sympathize with the gun people," and soul. Believe that those you love, love was for a consumer protection blll and not Murphy said. "It's their political interest you. gun control, said Donald Dunne, manager of with the gun lobby that's been delaying Forget what you have done for your friends the laboratory. everything." and remember what they have done for you. Disregard what the world owes you, and con­ WOULDN'T CONTROL SALES centrate on what you owe the world. "When we were first asked to do it we saw When you are faced with a. decision, make a. thinly veiled attempt to deprive citizens of that decision as wisely as possible, then for­ a. right to own a gun and we wanted no part AMERICAN SPIRIT get it. The moment of absolute certainty of it. Then they explained to us that this never arrives. was in no way a gun control matter but a And above all, remember that God helps product evaluation done against the back­ HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN those who help themselves. Act as if every­ ground of consumer protection," Dunne said. OF TENNESSEE thing depended upon you and pray as if ev­ An administration legal adviser explained erything depended upon God! the strategy of tpis safety and reliability pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posal this way: Monday, July 24, 1972 "It was a perfect solution. It would get the Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker. recently job done of getting those Saturday Night HUSAK TURNS THE SCREW Specials off the street without hitting raw I had the pleasure of attending the 1972 nerves. The minute you talk to a sportsman Volunteer Girl's State Convention in about banning guns based on size or any­ Murfreesboro, Tenn. The young ladies thing else, you start getting into all kind of who were delegates to this convention HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI insolubles." impressed me with their dedication of OF ILLINOIS "PLAYING DEVIOUS GAME" purpose and boundless enthusiasm. High­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He charged the Treasury Department was lighting the convention was an address Monday, July 24, 1972 incompetent for failing to produce the bill by by Cathy Campbell, this year's Girl's now and lamented, "Look where we are-try­ State Governor. Cathy expressed in her Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, lest ing to ram something thru in the second half speech many thoughts which can best we again be misled as to the mellowing of an election year when you're supposed to of the Communist regimes, an editorial be cleaning house and getting things to­ be described as exemplifying the "Ameri­ c-an Spirit." Miss Campbell's ~c:peech tells commentary in yesterday's Washington gether." Star on the latest developments in Congressional criticism of the Treasury of a young Tennessean's love for her Department is also aimed at what some po­ country tempered only by a devotion to Czechoslovakia is a clear indication of litely describe as its lack of enthusiasm about her God. the oppression which continues behind existing as well as pending gun laws. I would like to share Cathy's address the Iron Curtain. "They are playing a devious game. Their with my fell ow Congressmen as they It must be noted that while Com­ heart just isn't in gun laws," charged Mikva. munist regimes have made certain diplo­ He recalled one department official remarking should hear the true voice of our young people ringing out loud and clear: matic adjustments primarily for eco­ to him, "I sure hope your bill doesn't pass nomic purposes with the free world, because they'd have to kill me to get my ADDRESS BY HON. CATHY CAMPBELL there is very little, if any, lessening of guns." Live each day to the fullest. Get the most control as exercised over their own The Treasury Department has a chartered from each hour each day and each year of NRA gun club entitled the U.S. Rifle and Pis­ your life. Then you can look forward with subjects. tol Club, records show. confidence and backward without regret. The editorial follows: Rep. Murphy has had some of the more As we arrived here at Girl's State Sunday HUSAK TURNS THE SCREW frustrating experiences with the agency. In many of us were in a. sense poor because we When he came to power three years ago, April, 1971, he wrote to the Alcohol, Tobacco, had not experienced what Girl's State had to in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of and Firearms Department [ATFD] asking its offer. But as the week progressed we too pro­ Czechoslovakia, Communist party leader opinion on the effectiveness of the 1968 Gun gressed from poor to rich. Gustav Husak, who himself spent more than Control Act. He sought to learn if the act was We have opened our eyes and hearts with 15 years in Stalinist prisons or as an "un­ unenforceable and ineffective, as the admin­ love for our fellow man. We learned to share person," promised that no one would be istration claimed. our thoughts. Working side by side taught persecuted for what he had done or said CITES ARREST INCREASE us the true meaning of love and everlasting during the 16-month reformist regime of friendships. Alexander Dubcek. Acting ATFD director Ralph H. Alkire re­ Girl's State has given us a great pride in sponded May 12 crediting the act with a 234 Although many Czech and Slovak liberals, our country, America. We have learned hand including Dubcek himself, lost their party per cent increase in 111egal gun sale cases and in hand to express our feelings of love for our a. 409 per cent increase in arrests over the membership, their jobs and their homes, great country without being ashamed. Many Husak for many months at least stopped 1934 act. The letter included an interdepart­ of us have learned God plays an ever more ment memo detailing how the 1968 act was short of trying those who sought to give important part in our American life. communism" a human face." being circumvented by some gun dealers. Sunday when looking at quite a few faces On June 3, 1971, Murphy wrote a letter But Husak gave way to the hardliners in we couldn't see how we would ever get the the fall of last year and there followed a thanking the Secretary of the Treasury for Girl's State spirit. But we did and now we the quick response and asking for details on wave of arrests, with perhaps 500 prominent know what past Girl Staters know, that the liberals being picked up. Last week, several these unscrupulous dealers. loving spirit of Girl's State will never die The July 14 response from the head of the of these men and women were sentenced to but will continue in our hearts as we tell prison terms of up to 2 yea.rs, other trials Internal Revenue Service disavowed the others of our adventures. ATFD report as the "opinion of its author are underway and still more are expected to We are not afraid to express our feelings start next month. only," and said a review showed Alkire's letter of love. We are not ashamed to be seen cry­ was incomplete and inaccurate. Murphy never Hardest hit have been the journalists, ing for our country and fellowman. writers, actors and intellectuals who were the received a reply when he asked for specifics If we have put our best foot forward here on the inaccuracies. spearhead of the "Prague spring" of 1968. at Girl's State this week we will leave tomor­ Those who refuse to recant, and to express PURCHASED AMMUNITION row with a lot of love for our fellow citizens, their gratitude for the "fraternal" rape of In October Murphy asked for an ATFD a greater pride in America, not afraid to their country by the Soviet Union, risk never agent to accompany his aides to Maryland shed a tear of love and have a great spirit of being able to send their children to high Girl's State forever. gun stores to ask for their ammunition sales school, to hold a job which is other than If we have become rich in these ways then records. He wanted to learn if the provision we have succeeded at Girl's State. menial, to publish their works or to perforffi of the 1968 act was unenforceable and use­ What's to come tomorrow? What about in public. less, as the administration claimed. Congres­ the people back home and in school who As a consequence of this conspiracy of sional investigators had done this before and need our help? Will they ever know what it's silence, not a single new word of Czech fic­ in 90 minutes found that 37 per cent of the like to stand hand in hand with 475 girls tion was published in one recent year, the 177 ammunition purchasers taken at random. and sing the song "America"? vibrant film industry is in shambles and the July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25119 world-famous Prague theater. "Behind the tion as he can get, for the iSS!\les involved are true fiscal responsibllity has set in, nor that Gates," has been closed. The Czechs, truly crucial. He would be wise to remain ob­ the budget-deficit problem will come under who retain their capacity for wry humor, jective and to put his case in terms that the control. The problem, in fact, is almost cer­ maintain that the Prague subway now under average man, wrestling with his own budget, tain to get much worse. The President's construction has the most artistically dis­ can understand. What we have partly in budget managers are desperately trying to tingushed work force ever assembled for mind is a refresher course in sixth-grade convince themselves they can keep the 1973 such a project. arithmetic, something that for many mem­ deficit under $30 billion, for they know that The recent trials and those now in prog­ bers of Congress--an.d also the administra­ beyond that figure, further red ink will have ress have been closed to the public and the tion-is long overdue. It could start some­ a decidedly inflationary impact. press. Nor have the sentences been an­ thing like this: But all the forces are going in the wrong nounced to the Czechoslovak people. It's a A billion is not, as many people may be direction. For one thing, Tropical Storm pity that Communist party member Angela led to believe by the numbers that fly around Agnes came along, and the President has Davis, who ha.s vowed to continue her fight this town, another word for a million. Nei­ proposed, and Congress will certainly agree. on behalf of "oppressed people everywhere," ther is it on the order of, say 10 million. It ls to spend $2 billion to a.id the flood victims. cannot stop in Prague during her tour of a thousand million. A million one-dollar And the war goes on, with the cost of air Eastern Europe to see how the Red estab­ bills, laid end to end, would stretch one and and naval bombardment certain to cost bil­ lishment treats dissenters. a. ha.If times around the Capita.I Beltway. A lions above what the budget men calculated billion one-dollar bills laid end to end would for mllitary spending in January. Then reach around the world four times. Colum­ oomes the legislation still pending-the big nist Art Buchwald recently suggested that water pollution bill is a good example-al­ HOW MUCH IS A BILLION DOLLARS? Melvin Laird or Elliot Richardson or anyone ready carrying a price tag b1llions above the else who wants to spend a billion dollars or budget figures. Finally, another debt ceil­ more be obliged to go to the bank and ing bill must be enacted by October 30, one HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN oount it out in tens and twenties. An engag­ week before the election, and nobody knows ing idea. Let no one try it, though. For start­ OF NEW HAMPSHIRE how many billion-dollar goodies Congress will ing today, working an eight-hour day and a seek to attach to it. At any rate, this year's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seven-day week ait the rate of one bill per deficit could well run to $40 blllion and be­ Monday, July 24, 1972 second, the job of counting $1 billion in yond. With the economy now on the upswing, equal numbers of ten and twenty-dollar this is precisely the wrong time for that to Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, a Demo­ notes would take until November 24, 1978. happen. If it does happen, though, the Pres­ cratically controlled Congress-which it All this is by way of saying that the con­ ident and Congress wlll have to share re­ has been for most of the last 30 years­ cept of a billion defies easy comprehension, sponsibility and the next President, whoever persists in overspending the revenues of so that to toss the number around casu­ he is, will be forced not only to raise taxes the Nation and forcing us further and ally is usually to operate in an air of but to raise them on a very large order. unreality. It also points up the fact tha.t Another look at our $22,000 wage earner further toward the precipice of national when the President asks for an extra billion is in order. He makes good money and gets a bankruptcy. Despite the alarming fact dollars, or when Congress tacks on to an ap­ raise every year. But months ago he knew that the Nation is operating in the red propriation bill an extra. billion, an enormous that even if he grew cautious, he would to the tune of nearly $30 billion this amoUDJt of money is involved. spend $2,500 more this coming year than he year, the Congress is appropriating ad­ The Nixon budget, presented in January would make. He has not been cautious. In ditional billions upon billions without for the fiscal year that has just begun, calls the first six months of the year, he obligated providing matching revenue. for taking in about $220 billion and spend­ himself for a further $600 to $700. Now he is ing about $245 billion. Knock off seven zeroes preparing to spend hundreds more. Between As the interesting editorial from yes­ in each of those figures, and a picture can terday's Sunday Star-News points out: now and next July, he may well have spent be drawn of a man who will earn $22,000 $26,000 or more, adding to his debts by at The consequences are bound to be pain­ while planning to spend $24,500 in the year least $4,000. ful. The government will have to raise ahead. Once again, the m1111on-billion con­ There are such people, of course, and they taxes-the more Congress and the Adminis­ trast is instructive. A million dollars to the usually suffer painful consequences. Their tration spend beyond what is prudent, the federal budget is the same as a dime to only recourse is to rein in on spending, or more inevitable a truly large tax increase our $22,000 wage earner, or the price of a make more money or both. For the federal becomes. small cup of coffee. A billion dollars, though, government-and, ultimately, for all of us­ is the same as $100 to that wage earner. A the consequences also a.re bound to be pain­ And as the Star-News also interest­ taxpaper in the $22,000 bracket would give ingly points out, if one were to start to­ ful. The government will have to raise taxes. a good bit of thought before putting out an And sooner or later, it will have to recapture day to count a billion dollars at the rate extra $100, and another $100 after that. He a sense of reality about expenditures. In the of one bill per second it would take until might defend it if he were in good financial meantime, the more Congress and the ad­ November 24, 1978, working an 8-hour shape, but not if he were already thoroughly ministration spend beyond what is prudent, day, 7 days a week. overcommitted. the more inevitable a truly large tax increase I commend the editorial to the Now the congressional spenders might rea­ becomes. son that federal revenues are constantly on As a nation, we are very much in the posi­ thoughtful consideration of all who the increase. So they are, by about $20 bil­ realize that the No. 1 problem this tion of the man who is making more money lion a year. The trouble is that automatic than he ever ma.de before, possibly more Nation faces is not crime, not Southeast spending obligations-meaning those Con­ than he ever dreamed of, but who is so un­ Asia, not education, not pollution, not gress has no control over, such "'8.8 interest disciplined in his spending and so overcom­ drugs. Rather, it is a fl.seal situation in on the debt, public welfare and farm sub­ mitted that he cannot do the things he which years of fl.seal irresponsibility sidies--are rising about $12 billion a year. wants to do, and should do. Congress by and theaten to destroy our national ability That leaves about $8 billion in what might large has ignored this lesson. The President be considered newly disposable income if should speak out on it. So should the public. to provide the funds with which to pro­ the government were on an even fiscal keel. tect the United States and attend to its But it is not on an even keel. A big deficit urgent problems both foreign and is inevitable. And knowing that, even before domestic: this fiscal year got underway, Congress added TODA Y'S ASSIGNMENT: COUNT UP TO A $6 to $7 billion to the '73 budget. A good MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ BILLION pa.rt of this represented the 20 percent Social HOW LONG? President Nixon, the reports say, is con­ Security increase. And that, along with much sidering a special message on wha.t Congress of the other increases, reflects what now is doing to his budget and what, if the spend­ has become standard and somewhat cynical HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE ing binge continues, is certain to follow: operating procedure on Capitol Hill: What­ OF IOWA Higher taxes and renewed inflation. ever the budget request for a politically visi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These are hot-weather days, a time when ble and attractive program, pile on more the mind tends to turn away from heavy money and dare the President to veto it. Monday, July 24, 1972 subjects. These are times, too, when it has This is an upsmanship game that has been Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child beoome fashionable to pooh-pooh any sug­ played in the past, but with millions and not asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: gestion of fiscal discipline on the grounds billions of dollars. that it is somehow gauche and unprogres­ Congress cannot be called entirely oblivi­ "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my sive. And we are in an election year, meaning ous to the government's fiscal plight. Just husband alive or dead?" thalt anything the President says about the last week, knowing full well a presidential Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ Democratic Congress will be construed as veto was certain, enough Democrats and tically practicing spiritual and mental wholly political. Republicans teamed up in the House to de­ genocide on over 1,757 American prison­ But we hope the President goes ahead and, feat a completely irresponsible $5 billion ers of war and their families. in addition, grabs for as much public atten- public-works bill. But that does not mean How long? 25120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 THE TROUBLE WITH JUDICARE The problem is that Goodman and Feull­ SERVICE TO THE POOR GENERALLY: VOLUME EVALUATIONS lan have failed to make the relevant in­ The Goodman-Feuman conclusion that quiry of where within the six U.P.L.S. re­ Wisconsin Judica.re compares unfavorably gions the cases come from. The fact ls that to the staff programs in number of cases HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE the situation within the regions in Upper handled in proportion to the number of Michigan is quite similar to that in Wiscon­ OF MISSOURI eligible families 1-s unsupported by the facts sin: a disproportionate amount of service and based on several fundamental analytical IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES goes to the poor in the urban areas, especial­ errors of commission and omission. Monday, July 24, 1972 ly in towns where the regional office (the 1. Undercounting-For reasons I shall private lawyer in Judlcare) ls located and speculate about a little later, Goodman and Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, in the areas Immediately surrounding these towns, Feuillan have missed counting about one continuing consideration of Judicare and to the disadvantage of the poor in the more third of the Wisconsin Judicare caseload. legal aid, this article from the July 1972 rural counties, the more isolated areas re­ The ratio of one case for every thirty-two American Bar Association Journal is moved from the urban centers. The director eligible families derives from their "finding" analytically helpful: of U.P.L.S. voluntarily and candidly admitted that there were 922 closed cases ( excluding to this problem. Initial conferences) in 1970. The official THE TROUBLE WITH JUDICARE EVALUATIONS A brief and sketchy analysis of the U.P.L.S. Community Services Program Progress Re­ (By Samuel J. Brakel) caseload reveals that those counties not ports (known as "MIS Reports") reveal, how­ In the May issue of this Journal (page 476) favored with the location of a regional office ever, that Wisconsin Judica.re produced there was an article by Messrs. Goodman and receive a.bout 25-30 percent less service-pro­ 1,425 closed cases (stm excluding Initial con­ Feulllan entitled "The trouble with Judl­ portionate to population-than the counties ferences) In 1970 for a ratio of 1:20.7 rather care". In my view. that article was more a where the regional offices are situated. More than 1 :82.1 But there a.re additional problems convincing demonstration of the trouble significantly, however, within ea.ch county with the Goodma.n-Feullla.n analysis. with judicare evaluations than of any defi­ a strongly disproportionate number of 2. Unrepresentatlveness of the period se­ ciencies of Judicare a.s a legal services sys­ clients are residents of one or two of the lected-Goodman and Feuillan choose the tem. There are three basic problems with the larger towns, the county seat where the re­ year J.970 to make their quantitative state­ article: ( 1) It relies exclusively on statistical gional office is located or to which staff at­ ments about Wisconsin Judlcare and the information. (2) It uses defective statistics. torneys travel one day a week and perhaps staff programs. But 1970 was not at all a And (3) it applies defective analysis to the a neighboring town or two. typical or average year in terms of the per­ defective statistics. This ls not a criticism of U.P.L.S., but a formance of the various programs. During all Having been involved in the study of Judi­ neutral exposition of the fact that the dif­ of 1970, due to insufficient funding, a re­ ca.re since June, 1971, I believe I am in as good ficulty of serving the more rural poor is at­ striction on divorce intake was in effect for a position as anyone to discuss the difficul­ tributable to a variety of factors neither Wisconsin Judlcare that reduced the number ties posed by the Goodman-Feu1llan article. Wisconsin Judlcare nor U.P.L.S. has been of divorces handled by a.bout 50 per cent. I am not a Judicare proponent or a staff at­ able to overcome entirely. By definition, the Since divorces constituted a.bout 35 per cent torney proponent. I do believe, however, that "more rural" the poor the more isolated they of the judicare caseload in yea.rs when the on the whole judicare has not been given a are from social services generally and from restriction was not operative ( 1966 through fair shake in the evaluative literature which legal services specifically, whether supplied the middle of 1969 and part of 1971) , the has accumulated over the recent years. The by private lawyers or through neighbor­ trouble with selecting 1970 as the compara­ Goodman-Feulllan article is a case in point, hood offices. There not only a.re physical tive twelve-month period becomes clear. To and with that assertion I risk being labeled problems of distance and la.ck of transporta­ illustrate: the number of closed cases (ex­ "biased", "reactionary" or even a "shoddy tion, but also the psychological obstacles cluding initial conferences) in 1969 was researcher". Such is the degree of polariza­ of la.ck of awareness of the nature and func­ 1,895, a ratio, per eligible family, of 1 :15.6. tion that characterizes the legal services de­ tion of service resources, lack of perception For an "average" twelve-month period dur­ bate in which academics and politicians par­ of problems as meriting legal or other pro­ ing the life of the Wisconsin program the ticipate with equal vigor and polemics. It is fessional attention, and so forth. Among the ratio is about 1 :16.5, rather than 1 :20.7 in a risk I am w1lling to take. more rural poor there seems to exist even a 1970, and far from the 1 :32 per Goodman­ The Goodman-Feuillan article comparing culture of self-reliance and voluntary isola­ Feuilla.n. Wisconsin Judicare to the Upper Peninsula tion. The year 1970 ls also highly unrepresenta­ Legal Services in Michigan ( and occasionally Goodman and Feuillan are correct In rec­ tive of the U.P.L.S. performance. Its total to the staff attorney programs of Colorado ognizing element..s of the problem in Wis­ caseload for 1970 is about double of what it and Maine) made four main points: consin. They a.re wrong In concluding that was for each of the first two years of the 1. That Wisconsin Judicare performs less it has been overcome in Upper Michigan. program, 1967 and 1968. It is also consider­ adequately than the staff programs In reach­ What the authors have demonstrated about ably (a.bout 25 per cent) higher than the ing the "more rural" (the more isolated, U.P.L.S. is analogous to the following hy­ total volume in 1969. While a good deal of "poorer") poor. pothetical situation: If Wisconsin Judica.re the increase in the 1970 U.P.L.S. caseload is 2. That Wisconsin Judicare performs less had central recording offices in Green Bay, ta.ken up by initial conferences, the ratio of adequately than the staff programs in num­ Rhinelander, Ashland, Eau Claire, and two closed cases, excluding initial conferences, is bers of cases handled relative to the total in Superior, then the distribution of its also strongly affected. Rather than the 1: 8.0 eligible population (ratio of fa.m1lles served cases would be relatively even. ratio arrived at by Goodma.n-Feuilla.n, the to fam1lles eligible) . 2. Use of inaccurate statistics for Wiscon­ "average" annual ratio for U .P .L.S. is about 3. That the delivery of legal services under sin-Apart from failing to make a genuine 1: 11.0. The comparison now becomes Wiscon­ Wisconsin Judicare is more costly than under comparison, Goodman and Feuillan base their sin Judlcare, 1:16.5; U.P.L.S. 1:11.0; Pine the staff programs. distribution conclusion on statistics that Tree Legal Assistance of Maine, 1:16.1; Colo­ 4. That the presumed inadequacies of Wis­ are defective and greatly exaggerate the prob­ rado Rural Legal Services, 1: 14.6. Very little consin Judicare stem from and are inherent lem in Wisconsin. Because the authors use difference really, especially when a.dditlonaJ in the Judlcare concept, its "voluntaristic" "lawyer" statistics in analyzing the distribu­ distorting factors a.re taken into considera­ set-up. tion of cases in the Wisconsin counties, they tion. All four conclusions are highly question­ fail to take notice of the fact that Wiscon­ 3. Statistical incomparabllity: Problems of able. sin Judlcare clients (and sometimes lawyers) definition, recordkeeping and signlfica.nce­ SERVICE TO THE "MOST RURAL" POOR cross county lines to obtain (deliver) serv­ In the above para.graphs I have played a.long ices. This constitutes a particularly serious with Goodman and Feulllan to show that if The authors conclusion that Wisconsin error for the more rural, poorer counties with Judlcare performs more "poorly" (their pun) they had played their game correctly they few lawyers-the counties a.bout which the could not have reached the conclusions they in this respect than staffed programs is authors make their basic point. For exam­ based on several distinct errors in both their did. I want to go beyond this now and dem­ ple, more than 65 per cent of the caseload onstrate the futility of the game itself, to data and their analysis. in Forest County, Wisconsin, which has only prove that statistics alone a.re meaningless, 1. Failure to analyze the caseloads suffi­ one resident attorney, is handled by a lawyer that they can be manipulated to support ciently-Goodman a!ld Feuillan have com­ from Oneida County who practices two days just about any point the "analyst" desires to pared the judicare performance in twenty­ a week in an office In Forest County. None prove a priori. Absent an understanding of eight different Wisconsin counties to the of the Forest County client.s represented by what the statistics mean, what they refer to staffed office performance in Upper Penin­ this attorney show up as part of the Forest and an exposition of the extent to which sula's six strategically preselected areas, each County caseload In the Wisconsin Judica.re they a.re or are not comparable, the entire served by a regional office. Obviously the au­ thors would find, as they did, that the per­ records. An even more drastic example is effort is spurious at best. formance judged by volume of cases relative Menominee County, which has no lawyers For example, Goodman and Feuilla.n chose to number of eligible families varies only and where the entire caseload is handled by to exclude initial conferences from their slightly (1 :6 to 1 : 9 ) among the six U .PL.S. Shawano County lawyers and recorded as computations of volume. I suspect that this regional offict>s, whereas a greater disparity In Shawano County cases. In short, the Good­ led them to their Initial serious error when performance exists among the twenty-eight man-Feuillan analysis completely breaks they wound up excluding "advice plus" cases W.!.sconsln counties. down precisely in the counties of concern. from the Wisconsin Judicare caseload but July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25121

only "advice only" cases from the other pro­ FUNDING BY DOLLARS PER ELIGIBLE FAMILY the Madison central office, although the pri­ grams.2 But the problems go deeper. vate Wisconsin lawyers also make some con­ WHY EXCLUDE "ADVICE ONLY" CASES? Upper Pine Tree Colorado tributions. Legislative lobbying ls also an Wis- Peninsula legal rural element in Wisconsin Judicare's tactics. Per­ Why exclude "advice only" cases at all, consin ju- legal assist- legal as­ haps the Wisconsin activities are equaled by when these are often final and effective dis­ dicare services ance sistance Maine and Colorado. No evidence exists, how­ positions? What effect does this exclusion ever, that these staff programs greatly sur­ have on the case per eligible family ratio? pass the Wisconsin performance in these Can one simply ignore the fact that under Total annual funding ______$240, 181 $222, 712 $440, 052 $274, 816 areas. judicare approximately 10-15 per cent of $289, 792 In sum, there is absolutely no basis for the caseload (mostly "advice only" cases) El.gible families. 29, 537 14, 547 39, 547 14, 726 the concl uslon that the cost of delivering never is recorded? More serious are the classi­ legal services generally under judicare is fications under which the various programs greater than under staffed office programs. record their cases at all comparable? Is a 1. Fairness of "the only fair calculation"­ "referred" case, an "advice only case" or an The authors begin by asserting that costs can JUDICARE AS A "NONSYSTEM" "advice plus" case under Wisconsin Judicare be compared fairly only for particular type~ Goodman and Feulllan conclude their ar­ anywhere near the same thing as under of cases--divorce and bankruptcy. Their ticle with a sweeping statement that the staffed programs? An analysis of hours spent calculations lead to the result that these trouble With judicare is inherent in the judl­ per case under judicare compared to staffed cases under Wisconsin Judicare are handled care concept, in the "voluntarlstic principle" programs suggests that the classification at anywhere from three to seven times the that gives individual attorneys a measure of schemes are not at all comparable. Should cost for which the staff programs handle control over their caseloads. Judicare ls la­ one then only compare cases "litigated"? Or these cases. Asswnlng the calculations are beled an "uncontrollable system", "a non­ should one look at the total number of hours correct, which is doubtful in view of the system", with whatever negative implications spent per program? If so, what about effi­ erroneous statistics on the volume of cases, accompany that labeling. ciency, impact, quality? they only prove the obvious-that a staff at­ This is mere sociological name-calling. This only hints at some of the many com­ torney program may make some savings in Since the authors have failed to demonstrate plexities inherent in doing a fair and mean­ some areas because of economies of scale. The by facts that there is any particular ingful comparison. Even avoiding the more same could be demonstra.ted about a private "trouble" with judlcare, applying a deroga­ obvious errors of differential exclusion or Wisconsin lawyer in Superior or Eau Claire, tory label to the concept hardly helps the incomparable comparison, one can tilt the With an office hal'f a block from the bank­ case. At any rate, if the authors felt it to be case in favor of one program over another by ruptcy court and a potentially large urban profitable to engage in a conceptual critique, mere selectivity of presentation. For example, caseload, who probably could handle bank­ they should at least have focused on the fol­ one could emphasize that the Wisconsin ruptcies more cheaply than the lawyer whose lowing questions: Is the judicare attorney's Judicare performance surpasses the U.P.L.S. office ts in Glenwood City, population 822 and control-individually or collectively--over performance as measured by the volume and forty miles from the nearest courthouse. caseload any different from the staff at­ ratio of cases litigated (the only truly com­ 2. Less selective statistics-The Good­ torney's? If so, to what effect? Would judlcare parable cases?). In 1969 Wisconsin Judicare man-Feulllan implication that judicare is ex­ be a workable system if attorneys were com­ litigated 1,207 cases; in 1970, 649. U.P.L.S. cessively costly is negated by facts and figures pelled to take all cases brought? Could a staff produced only 367, 466 and 526 litigations in other than the divorce-bankruptcy compari­ program operate on that basis? Is there some­ 1968, 1969 and 1970, respectively. But is this son of dubious accuracy and validity. thing to be said for the "non-system" which a meaningful way of comparing programs? The table demonstrates that Wisconsdn appears to result in the more dedicated and Should Wisconsin Judie-are litigate less or Judicare ls funded a..t a level considerably public-spirited attorneys handling most of U.P.L.S. more? The answer to that depends below the staff programs in dollars per eligi­ the cases? Or is the implication necessarily on a variety of factors and value judgments. ble fainily. This gives credence to the Wiscon­ and exclusively negative? In short, mere statistics, whether reflecting sin Judicare complaint that reductions in The main point which should emerge from total volume less initial conferences or cases caseload (divorce) have had to be made ow­ this response is that an analysis of program litigated only or whatever, mean very little ing to lack of sufficient funding. More sig­ statistics only ls not likely to yield much even if statistically accurate and "com­ nificantly, however, why has Wisconsin been in the way of fair and comprehensible com­ parable". funded at a lower level? Where do the funds parisons. Too many operative factors remain The crucial point to be made is that there go under the staffed programs, reportedly so unknown or unaccounted for in looking at is simply no basis in the limited information much les.s costly than judicare? What is the statistics only. Unwarranted selections are presented by Goodman and Feulllan for the validity or meaning of the "fa.ir" cost com­ made; crucial data are ignored because not inference that there is "trouble" with judi­ parison offered by Goodman-Feulllan? easily available or dismissed as irrelevant; care and none With staff offices. Wisconsin Our re-examination of the question d!. vol­ comparisons are made among elements that Judicare in the first five years and three ume shows that the larger annual costs of are not comparable. Without a knowledge months of its existence has handled about the staff programs cannot be attributed to and understanding of program operations, 12,500 cases, in-eluding initial conferences but the greater volume, either absolute or pro­ it is impossible to do a meaningful evalua­ excluding unrecorded cases and cases han­ portionate, handled. Wisconsin Judlcare, tion and the sequence of statistical analy­ dled by the Madison office, for a ratio of one Maine and Colorado a.re very close in volume. sis becomes inevitable. case for every 2.36 eligible fam.llies. This ra­ Only U .P L.S. is distinctively higher in vol­ The trouble with the Goodman-Feulllan tio is surpassed slightly by U.P.L.S. over its ume, but the cost-saving implications of this article, however, is not just that what they life but not quite attained by the Maine and do not remotely resemble the ones proffered have done ls inadequate, that they have Colorado staffed programs. by Goodman-Feulllan in their cost-per-case missed the mark. Rather, in missing the comparison. Moreover, the straight volume mark, they have contributed to the distor­ NO PROGRAM CAN BE ADJUDGED ON BASIS OF focus ls of marginal usefulness in any event. tion of legal services realities that charac­ MINOR VARIATIONS It ignores the fact that there is a larger terized the earlier evaluative literature. They But no program can be adjudged to fail or amount (proportion) of litigation under have not simply failed to perform a much­ succeed on the basis of minor variations in judlcare. It also ignores the greater amounts needed service; they have done the academic volume of disputable significance. In any at­ of time spent per case by judlcare lawyers and political community concerned With this tempt to draw conclusions from volume, cer­ than by staff attorneys. field a disservice. tain factors relating to the finiteness of legal It could be argued that these are the ad­ There are now no grounds for conclusions need or demand must be considered. Good­ vantages of the staff attorney system. Per­ that judlcare is either "better" or "worse", man and Freuillan have not done this. What haps. One can also debate at length whether cheaper or more costly than staffed programs portion of volume computed reflects service a "typical" divorce merits closer to two than in either rural, urban, semiurban, most rural to new clients or multiple service to families to ten hours of attorney time. It ls more or superurban areas. The data to support previously served? How many legal problems difficult to argue, however, as Goodman and these conclusions have not been gathered; does one "typical" eligible family have over a Feuillan do, that the comparison of Wiscon­ the analysis has not yet begun. period of, say, five years? How I:".lany of these sin Judlcare divorces averaging 10.5 hours merit the time and energies of the program of attorney time versus staff office divorces attorneys? Does the demand for legal serv­ averaging 2.25 hours of attorney time (in­ ices run in cycles or is it constant? Has Wis­ cluding travel and court time!) constitutes J. HAROLD MOORE RETffiES consin Judicare peaked? Can U.P.L.S. be ex­ one of the "only fair" comparisons. pected to maintain its 1970 pace? What are The greater costs of the staff programs the inhibitions posed by limited funding and must come from elsewhere. Perhaps "over­ HON. DON EDWARDS limited sta.fl'? And so forth. head". Or perhaps the significant expendi­ OF CALIFORNIA tures go into law reform, or what Goodman COST ANALYSIS PROVES SELECTIVE and Feuillan might call other "noncompar­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Goodman and Feullian conclud&--.some­ able" cases or activities. The proper data. a.nd Monday, July 24, 1972 what by implication-that judlcare is more a.na.lysls are lacking here. Quite probably, c;ostly than the staff attorney method of de­ Wisconsin Judicare has done more "law re­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. livering services, but only a very selective form"-whatever that may be worth-than Speaker, I would like to take this op­ ana.J,ysls produces this conclusion. U.P.L.S. Most of this work emanates from portunity to take note of the civic acti- 25122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972

vities of a man who will be retiring this It is with great appreciation that I there might develop a trend toward letting September after 42 years with Western bring this to the attention of my col­ powers and forces that should be the serv­ Electric Co. J. Harold (Hal) Moore has leagues today. It is because of such fine ants become the masters and take over the power and right to think, plan and decide not only been valued employee of W~st­ organizations as AHEPA that the spirit for the people and to tell them what they ern Electric, he has dedicated himself to of brotherhood remains a part of the must do or not do. civic-spirited endeavors and the better­ American scene. Many who see such inclinations as fraught ment of the community in which he lives. with grave peril, if permitted to continue In past years, Hal Moore has served as and grow unchecked, feel it is high time chairman of the youth employment pro­ people resolve that not one fragment be ject of the Sunnyvale Chamber of Com­ WAYNE GUTHRIE WRITES ON removed from the bedrock which supports MEANING OF FOURTH OF JULY our great heritage. merce. The project encouraged com­ They a.re concerned that we not sit non­ merce and industry to hire potential cha.181ntly by and permit a Federal bureauc­ dropouts from high school and directed racy in Washington to usurp the powers its special efforts toward those youngsters HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY originally meant to be vested exclusively in who most needed help. He has been in­ OF INDIANA the states or to reach the point where each volved in other capacities with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES citizen loses his or her identity and becomes simply a number in a vast computer. Sunnyvale Chamber of Commerce and Monday, July 24, 1972 has also served as metro chairman for They fear the ever-creeping and widening the National Alliance of Businessmen in Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, my good paralysis of paternalistic welfare, however friend Wayne Guthrie of the Indianap­ well-intentioned, which guarantees every Santa Clara County. He is chairman of person a living from the cradle to the grave the U.S. Industrial Savings Bond Cam­ olis News wrote the following in the without turning a hand, could destroy the paign in Santa Clara County and is also News on July 4, 1972. I am happy to in­ basic principles on which our forebears a director of the Santa Clara County clude it in the RECORD: established this nation-industry, self-reli­ United Fund. He has also been a fund 4TH ALso HONORS TODAY'S PATRIOTS ance and initiative. raiser for the junior achievement or­ (By Wayne Guthrie) Mindful of what happened in the wake ganization in the county. He has also as­ Since childhood many Americans have of World War I when we lived up to our thought of Independence Day, which for pledge of disarmament while other parties sisted such groups as the Opportunities to the agreement, to the contrary, increased Industrialization Center, Skills Center, many years they knew only as the Fourth their military and naval might, many folks Goodwill Industries, and Hope for the of July simply in terms of jollification. They have been wont to regard it solely a.re concerned that we do not fall into that Retarded. as a time to boast of what our forebearers or a similar trap a.gain in any agreement I know that Mr. Moore will be sorely did and to give vent to their feelings in cele­ with Communists who have a record of not missed by his associates, but I am sure bration, such as speeches, parades, martial keeping promises or pledges. that we will continue to see him involving music, song, flag waving, fireworks, picnics, himself in community work. I must com­ shouting or pleasurable entertainment. mend Mr. Moore for his past efforts and That was fitting, of course, because Ameri­ I join his friends, family, and associates cans have a right to be proud of their heri­ MARYLAND FAMILY AIDE PLAN as well as the entire community in wish­ tage and their freedoms, liberties and op­ portunities that are the envy of the rest of ing him well in his much-deserved retire­ the world. HON. GILBERT GUDE ment. But somehow, one can't shake the feeling OF MARYLAND that the times and existing conditions in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America and the rest of the world call for GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY OF ORDER something more than that. It is a feeling Monday, July 24, 1972 OF AHEPA that if we be content simply to spend our Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, on Monday energy, talents and substance in jollification and entertainment we would not be true to we passed in the House H.R. 15657, legis­ HON. JAMES W. SYMINGTON those colonial forebears who risked their all, lation to strengthen and improve the OF MISSOURI including their lives, to give us the Declara­ Older Americans Act. This bill is de­ signed to continue on-going programs, as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of Independence and the Constitution or to those men and women who, in every well as to develop new and expanded Monday, July 24, 1972 age since, have ta.ken the same risks to de­ services for the elderly. One of our deep­ fend, protect, preserve and perpetuatt the est concerns is that our older citizens Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. Speaker, this countless blessings with which those two week the American Hellenic Educational great documents have endowed us. be able to continue to lead productive Progressive Association, the Order of In other words, let us not forget the lives in dignity and comfort during their .Ahepa, celebrates its golden anniver­ patriots of today-in the armed services, in retirement years. The isolation of older sary. At this appropriate time, I would official position, in civic life and in the daily Americans from the rest of the commu­ like to express briefly my gratitude to ma.rt-who have consecrated their lives, ac­ nity is a shameful waste of one of our AHEPA for its countless contributions tions, thoughts and services to the task of Nation's greatest resources. to society at home and abroad. preserving and perpetuating the freedoms I am pleased to call the attention of and blessings we enjoy as a free people but, my colleagues to a program of useful em­ Through the able leadership of Su­ a.las, too often a.re prone to take for granted. preme President Sam Nikis, whom I am Our heritage ca.me from people in whose ployment for older citizens which has honored to have as a member of my hearts and souls burned a belief in social been in existence in my district since constituency, and with the assistance of freedom, dignity of the individual, independ­ 1966. Part of the Over-60 Counseling and the officers of the two St. Louis chapters, ence of action, personal freedom, civic re­ Employment Service of the Montgomery Ollie S. Aslan and Alex Tsimires, presi­ sponsibility, obedience to law and consti­ County Federation of Women's Clubs, dents, George Margos and Chris Mag­ tuted authority and spiritual dedication that which is aided by grants from the Mont­ dalin, vice presidents, George J. Bouras astonished a world that scarcely could be­ gomery County Council and under title lieve what it heard and saw. III of the Older Americans Act, from the and Petro Harakas, secretaries, James They gave us a government in which the Tsichlis and Pete Panos, treasurers, highest officeholder was considered the serv­ Maryland Commission on Aging, this is AHEPA has continued its fine tradition ant of the people--not the reverse--with an a family aide program which trains and of patriotism and humanitarianism. obligation to report to them on and be places older women in full or part-time The list of AHEPA's good works could responsible for his acts. jobs as companions for the elderly or as go on and on. AHEPA's worthy causes It was a nation giving just courtesy to "mother substitutes" for young children. those chosen to serve or represent the people The family aide program has been so cover a broad range on the national and but never relinquishing power over them international level from hospitals, aid successful to date that it has just pub­ or exhalting them above their office. Ushed a "how-to" booklet on organizing to disaster victims, orphans and refu­ Obviously they did not think the time gees, scholarships to needy students and ever would come when conditions and affairs and operating this type of community memorials to some of those who have would become so complex that actually there outreach program to assist those who exemplified AHEPA's purpose. On the would be a tendency to relax or let go of wish to establish such a service in their local level, AHEPA chapters are respon­ their original conception of dignity, liberty locality. A report on the activities of the sible for numerous civic activities for and responsibility. project, from the July 1972 issue of the betterment of their communities. liar, did they dream that in the future "Aging" follows: July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25123

MARYLAND FAMILY AmE PLAN PuBLISHES "How and civic improvement. When disaster the ARBO that the song "America the Beau­ To'' BOOKLET strikes, AHEPA is ready to help the vic­ tiful" be adopted as the official Bicenten­ Because inquiries have been received from tims through the generosity of its mem­ nial hymn. agencies and individuals in 36 States, a how­ bers. When a civic improvement needs Our ARBO Commission Member Thom­ to-do-it booklet h~ been issued on how to asine Hill will be keynotu speaker at the organize and operate a family aide program organized working support, the city can National Student Council's National Leader­ employing women over 50. count on the people of AHEPA. ship Training Conference held in Hot Entitled Good Neighbor Family Aide Pro­ But, first and foremost, the objective Springs, Arkansas, July 23 to 28. The Na­ gram: Outreach to the Unreached, the 30- · of this organization is to "promote and tional Association of Student Councils page booklet was written and edited by Emo­ encourage loyalty to the United States (NASO), the only national youth organiza­ gene Kirk Baxter, who was one of the foun­ of America." The members of AHEPA are tion representing student leaders in Amer­ ders in 1961 of the Over-60 Counseling and foremost among the groups who know ica's secondary schools (32,000 schools), and Employment Service of the Montgomery the value of American citizenship and the Na.tioral Honor Society is sponsoring the County, Md., Federation of Women's Clubs leadership ..:onferences as a forum for ex­ (Aging, Mar. '71, p.10) and who was instru­ appreciate its privileges. ploring the meaning of leadership and its mental in setting up the family aide pro­ They are all of the order of Americans techniques. Miss Hill challenged the dele­ gram in 1966. on whom we can rely under all condi­ gates to realize their positions of leadership The family aide project is a part of the tions. They never fail to carry their during the time of the Bicentennial. She Over-60 program, which is aided by grants share of the load. Our country can never urged them to become Bicentennial com­ from the Montgomery County Council and, have too many like them. municators and to carry the message back under title III of the Older Americans Act, Congratulations to them all and best to their schools that there is to be a na­ from the Maryland Commission on Aging. It tional renaissance between now and 1976 and trains and places older women in full or part wishes for another successful span of 50 that students, as the Citizens of Century time posts as companions for the elderly or years. III, should be in the forefront. "mother substitutes for the young." Mr. James Biddle, Chairman of the ARBO From June 1966 to September 1971 the Heritage '76 Committee opened a two-day program trained 215 home aides, 167 of whom NEWS BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN "think tank" Heritage '76 Advisory Panel are working. During that period 6,000 re­ REVOLUTION BICENTENNIAL COM­ meeting July 18 & 19 stating that the three quests were received for such workers, 60% MISSION panels, Historic Conservation, Commemora­ of them for women to act as companions to tion and Convocations and Publications and the elderly. Research had assembled to review proposals During the last 3 months of 1971, a stepped HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST for recognition by the ARBO that relate to up program trained 243 aides, of whom 132 OF vmGINIA the heritage area and to offer comments and now are working, 107 of them as companions advice to the Commission. Mr. Biddle told to the elderly. During the same period 435 re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those assembled, representatives of major quests for aides were received, only one in Monday, July 24, 1972 national heritage societies and organizations, four of which could be filled. that the ARBO looked to them for guidance The training course of 12 hours-3 hours Mr. WlilTEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I in setting guidelines for the next 4 or 5 years. on each of four successive days-is given by am inserting in the RECORD the July 24, He suggested that they should bring to their experts, including Red Cross nurses, a home 1972, edition of the news bulletin of the individual sessions their own organization's economist, and a psychiatrist. After gradu­ American Revolution Bicentennial Com­ ideas for the Bicentennial and devise the ation, for pay of $1.60 to $2 an hour for part mission. I take this action to help my mechanisms which might be established time work, the aides may assist with feeding, · through which those ideas might be trans­ bathing, planning and preparing meals, shop­ colleagues be informed of developments lated into ARBO programs. ping, and tidying a client's quarters. They across this land preparing for our 200th John C. Chapin, Chairman of the Phila­ are not required to do heavy housework or anniversary in 1976. The bulletin is telic Advisory Panel has outlined the Panel's laundry. compiled and written by the staff of the broad program of Bicentennial awareness General Federation Clubwoman, official ARBC Communications Committee. The being generated throughout the channels of GFWC magazine, carried an article on the bulletin fallows: the philatelic and non-philatelic communi­ program in its April issue. In a. Press Conference a.t ARBO Head­ ties. He commented at the Panel's quarterly ''Goals of the program are to meet two cru­ quarters on Thursday, July 20, Chairman meeting held at ARBO Headquarters July 17 cial needs," says Mrs. Baxter. "To provide a. David Ma.honey with Ooins and Medals that the group's awareness campaign is mov­ source of help in the private home and to Advisory Chairman, George Lang, announced ing simultaneously on several fronts: provide a job opportunity for the older that as of Mid-July 665,900 PNC's have been through stamp shows, organizations and woman for whom job placement in the busi­ sold through the U.S. Mint with a gross stamp clubs, department stores, overseas, and ness world is very difficult because of her of $3,165,000 and a return of approximately the planning for the next series of Bicen­ age." $2,365,000 in net revenue to the ARBO. tennial stamps. Designed to assist those who wish to estab­ Chairman Mahoney told the assembled press, Rep. Thomas Downing was the guest lish such a free community service, using the speaker at the York County (Va.) Fair on cooperation of both voluntary and official "While our appropriation pending in Con­ gress is a prerequisite to State Commission July 3. Congressman Downing commented agencies, the booklet discusses program com­ that the battlefield where British General ponents, training methods, obstacles to be grants, staffing, implementing and organiz­ ing, the funds derived from the sale of this Cornwallis was defeated during the American overcome, and even furnishes sample forms Revolution should have a permanent monu­ essential to operation. item and other planned commemorative medals will allow us to finance many other ment. He joined those recommending a. The manual is free, but for postage and cyclorama so that visitors could more easily handling a fee of 35¢ a copy is charged. It is special projects without asking the taxpayer to pay for the entire Bicentennial." grasp the significance of that decisive available from the Over-60 Service, 4700 Nor­ battle. wood Drive, Chevy Chase, Md. 20015. George Lang, Chairman of the ARBC's Festival USA Committee, has announced At the first meeting of the Wisconsin that the Committee's three Advisory Panels ARBC, Governor Lucey stated, "Our Bicen­ on the Performing Arts, the Creative and tennial celebration should not be a mere Visual Arts, and an Invitation to the World spectacle of form or a mere commemoration CONGRATULATIONS TO AHEPA Panel held meetings at ARBO Headquarters of dust, but a reaffirmation of the living last week and have submitted specific rec­ spirit and timeless vision of the revolution." ommendations to the full Committee re­ In an editorial, the Madison Times com­ HON. JOHN M. SLACK garding the arts, travel and hospitality for mented, "The guidelines set forth at its first OF WEST vmGINIA the Bicentennial. The Panel's recommenda­ meeting will serve the Commission well. It is not merely to be a commemoration of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions wm now be channelled through the full Festival USA Cominittee. past, but a chart as well for the future." Monday, July 24, 1972 The next meeting of the ARBO Executive In an interview with the New Brunswick (N.J.) Home News, Dr. Richard P. McCor­ Mr. SLACK. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased Committee will be on Monday, July 24, 9: 00 a.m. at ARBO Headquarters in Washing­ mick (ARBO Cominission Member) said the to join the many Members who have ton, D.C. Commission's job "is to create an awareness taken special occasion to note the 50th Clifford M. Clarke, vioo-chairma.n of the about the Bicentennial. We must make this anniversary of the founding of the Georgia. Commission for the National Bi­ observance nationwide in scope, and not just American Hellenic Educational Progres­ centennial Celebration was elected chair­ on the Ea.stern seaboard. McCormick added, sive Association, the fine group known man of the Bicentennial Council of the 13 "If re's going to be a successful Bicen­ around the world as AHEPA. Original States at a. recent meeting 1n tennial, it's not going to be done by the Princeton, N.J. Gov. William T. Ca.hill opened Commission, but by the thousands of com­ This is a fraternity of good fellowship the meeting with a call for restoring Ameri­ munities across the nation." with an enviable record of accomplish­ ca's "Spirit of '76" as the major Bicenten­ The Gallup, N.M., Inter-Tribal Ceremonial ment in the fields of education, charity, nial goal. 'l.'he council voted to recommend to Association suggeS'ted that New Mexico de- 25124 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 velop three U.S. Bicentennial centers for tude and willingness ... Your help will training centers have demonstrated to indus­ each of the state's three cultures. The Asso­ greatly reduce the problem." trial leaders from within and from without ciation sent a request to Gov. Bruce King Obviously, the above comments are from the state their firm commitment to train the proposing one Bicentennial center for Span­ satisfied customers, all. They are unsolicited state's industrial workers. This means that ish-American culture, another for Indian and emanate from the offices of Mississippi the vo-tech centers will assist new and ex­ and a third for Anglo. manufacturing executives who are praising panding industries in the ·recruitment of la­ Rock Island County (Ill.) recently formed their individual experiences with the voca­ bor, counsel with the ma.nufacturer in devel­ a new chapter of the Illinois Bicentennial tional and technical training programs of­ oping moo.ningful training programs, then Commission, and Otto Schweinberger, Dean fered by the Mississippi State Board of train the applicants utilizing the standards of Community Relations at Black Hawk Education through its division of vocational­ established by the employer. College, was named Chairman. Schwein­ technical training. Furthermore, these applicants can be berger assured the persons present that all These, and scores of other Mississippi in­ trained on the vo-tech center's premises community, industrial, fraternal, educa­ dustrialists, have discovered the solution to using state-furnished equipment, if avail­ tional and minority groups would be invited one of the thorniest problems faced by man­ able, or on the plant site using the manufac­ to participate in the group's programs. ufacturers anywhere: the problem of train­ turer's equipment and material. One of the Dr. J. Duane Squires, Chairman of the ing new manpower to staff a newly estab­ centers, Hinds Junior College's Jackson Cen­ New Hampshire ARBC, recently filed a report lished or expanded manufacturing plant and, ter, even goes an extra step in this regard. with Gov. Walter Peterson. In the first two when trained, the problem of re-training this This center, now in its third year of opera­ years of its existence, the N.H. ARBC has manpower to keep abreast of the newest tion, has provided in its gleaming new facil­ formed task forces to organize an observance technological improvements in machinery, ity a 6,400-square-foot room which is dedi­ of the seizure of Fort William and Mary; to equipment, materials and techniques. cated and set aside expressly for industry's plan for a fitting commemoration of New Best of all, Mississippi manufacturers have use. A new industry can establish special Hampshire's important part in the Battle of found that all this can usually be accom­ training programs in this room, move in its Bunker Hill; for an observance of the anni­ plished at little or no cost to them inasmuch own specialized machinery and tailor its versary of the state's first constitution; and as local, state and federal funds are available courses of instruction to its own specifica­ to plan for an appropriate observance of to underwrite the cost of training for em­ tions and needs. Several training operations New Hampshire's vital part in the victory at ployees in new or expanding Mississippi man­ can be oarried on in this room at the same Bennington. facturing and processing plants. A large time, each representing a different industry. number of Mississippi plants are currently Here, as throughout the JC vo-tech system, taking advantage of this program, including instructional costs are paid by the local com­ such bluechippers as Ingalls Shipbuilding munity and reimbursed by the state. In some VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN Division of Litton Industries, St. Regis Paper cases, the locating industry furnishes its Company, Baxter Laboratories, Inc. and own instructors, who then become temporary MISSISSIPPI American Bosch Electrical Products, to name faculty members of the junior college. a few. In addition to the vocational-technical fa­ HON. CHARLES H. GRIFFIN The Magnolia State probably has the most cilities at the state's junior college centers, unique vocational-technical administrative Mississippi recently has constructed, OF MISSISSIPPI setup of any in the nation, for the 23 vo-tech equipped and staffed 28 area county voca­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES training centers in Mississippi are lodged in tional training centers for the state second­ ary schools, with 10 more in various stages of Monday, July 24, 1972 the state's public junior colleges, located strategically throughout the state. Every construction. These facilities are being uti­ Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Speaker, the in­ county in the state is in a junior college lized in the same manner as those at the JC dustrial development of the State of district and junior college administrators ·centers, and many thousands of high school Mississippi has been important to the long have boasted that any student can at­ students and adults are equipping them­ tend the JC nearest him by day and sleep selves for good paying jobs. building of a strong economy and a in his own bed that night. At present the State of Mississippi is utiliz­ better future for all people of our State. Mississippi got a head start on most of the ing a number of federally funded prograDIB For such industrial growth to occur it is states when, in 1963, Congress passed the which are helping manufacturers find and necessary to provide trained manpower. Vocational Education Act ma.king federal train industrial workers. The Manpower De­ The development of an outstanding funds available for the establishment of vo­ velopment and Training Act provides fm;1ds vocational and technical training pro­ cational education training centers. Missis­ for initial and turnover work forces for insti­ gram in Mississippi has made a signifi­ sippi education officials reasoned that the tutional training and for on-the-job training. cant contribution in providing the man­ JC's would be ideal as vo-tech centers inas­ Trainees under MDTA projects can receive much as they already had a built-in admin­ stipends while trainnig, and employers utiliz­ power and stimulation for rapid indus­ istrative organization. Further, in every case, ing the on-the-job training concept can be trial growth. existing junior colleges had land available on reimbursed by the U.S. Department of Labor Mississippi is proud to be one of the their campuses for the construction of vo­ for a portion of the wages paid to its trainees. Nation's leaders in vocational and tech­ tech shops, labs and classrooms. Thus, Mis­ The JOB 70 program for expanding indus­ nical training programs. Under the di­ sissippi was "in business" from a vo-tech tries, which provides supportive training, rection of Dr. Garvin Johnston, State standpoint, while many other states were orientation and counseling at no cost to the superintendent of education, and Troy shopping for land and rounding-up adminis­ employer, is coordinated through the Missis­ trative personnel to staff their institutions. sippi Employment Service and the Vocational V. Majure, director of vocational educa­ For the 1971-72 school year there are more Education Division. tion, Mississippi's vocational education than 29,000 industrial trainees enrolled in It should be pointed out that Mississippi's and technical training programs have these vo-tech centers preparing themselves vocational-technical training centers, both continued to expand and contribute for gainful employment in Mississippi manu­ those ensconced on the junior college cam­ greatly to the economic development of facturing plants. puses and those located in the state's sec­ our State. These modern vo-tech educational facili­ ondary schools, are not established solely to The success and importance of Mis­ ties---significantly, none were in existence provide employees for new and expanding in­ prior to 1963, so the buildings and equipment dustries. The more than 100 programs cur­ sissippi's vocational and technical train­ are first rate-currently offer more than 100 rently being taught at the centers run the ing programs was the subject of a recent different occupational training programs. occupational gamut from Airplane and En­ article in the Changing Middle South Each of the 23 vo-tech centers operates gine Mechanics to X-Ray Technology. In be­ magazine and has been reprinted in the independently, but all perform, essellltially, tween are comprehensive programs for such Mississippi Vocational News. I include the same basic funotion in catering to Mis­ trades and occupations as Commercial Art, a copy of that article in my remarks: sissippi industry. Eaich of the centers offers Data Processing, Dental Assistant, Electronics to provide programs for preparatory skills for Techn ician, Fire Service Technology, Horti­ SATISFACTION GUARANTEED· employees of newly established manufactur­ culture, Law Enforcement Technology, Reg­ (NoTE.-The following article was men­ ing plants in the district in which the JC is istered and Practical Nursing, Operating tioned in the May issue of this publication. located. This is called startup training. Addi­ Room Assistant, Tool and Die, Television It appears in the current issue of "The tionally, each of the centers is equipped to Production, and even such obscure occupa­ Changing Middle South". Many people have offer progra.m.s to provide rapid re-training tions as Horology and Saw Filing (an ab­ requested a copy of the story to see what of workers in existing plants to meet their solutely essential calling in the timbered re­ others are saying a.bout vocational education changing needs. Further, the centers provide gions of the Magnolia. State) . in Mississippi. For the many who have re­ courses-usually when ten or more persons While Mississippi already can claim one of quested a. copy of the story, we re-print the request a course-designed to upgrade the the premier vocational-technical educational article in its entirety.) skills of already employed workers. programs in the United States, there's a "The best we've found . . . Overly im­ Under the guidance of Dr. Garvin H. John­ movement afoot there to cement its position pressed with your efficient and competent ston, state superintendent of education, and in this field and place even greater emphasis manner . . . They're progressing at a fast Troy V. Majure, director of vocational edu­ on occupation-oriented education. rate ... We're impressed with their atti- cation, Mississippi's vocaitional-technical This new and unique concept, which edu- July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25125 cators have dubbed the "Career Centered not see their Communist regimes come South would still be a dependent country Curriculum," got its start in Mississippi when to power by legal or democratic proc­ relying upon her stronger allies. The eco­ the Jones County School system undertook esses. The Soviets invaded these nations nomic strength of Russia and the United the pilot program at the beginning of the States would not be materially increased by 1970-71 school year. The program has met and claim them by brutal force of arms. the military victory of either of the Viet­ with such success that it has expanded into We must not forget this. nams, but would in some cases rema:ln an six other school systems for the current While we must leave no avenues un­ economic burden to be borne by either one school year. explored in the search for a lasting peace, of the two great powers. It is not enou~h to Basically, the program is designed to teach we must keep in mind the facts of op­ sit in judgment on the persons involved in every child in the school system, beginning pression. The Hungarian revolution, the trying to settle the Vietnam question. It is in the first grade, everything that it is possi­ invasion of Czechoslovakia, the riots in not sufficient to blame any one state:,man ible to teach about the world of work-the or leader for the complex and complicated skills required, the financial rewards, the Poland and Lithuania, and the cultural conditions that have made the Vietnam ques­ place in society of the occupation, the ad­ repressions in Ukraine are all examples tion a national and international one. There vantages and drawbacks and the personal of the tragedies bred by Soviet tyranny. is a rcsponsibllity that the heads of the re­ traits required of a particular occupation. If we are to find peace it will have to be spective governments must carry. There is As put into practice in Jones County, the accompanied by freedoms for our fell ow also a responsibility that citizens ought to program consists of a course of study be­ individuals in the captive nations. take in trying to create an atmosphere in ginning in the first grade and continuing Let us not allow ourselves to forget which an open and frank discussion can through the twelfth. Grades one through six these strong-willed people who look to us take place, and any conference on peace are devoted to teaching the child to become may have a fair chance of succeeding. aware of the world of work. Reading, writing for support. I therefore wish to offer a plan for peace and arithmetic are taught through study of that could bring the Vietnam war to an im­ various occupations rather than reading mediate end and save further loss of human about Dick, Jane and Sally. life and property. It is a plan that rises Beginning in the seventh grade, the stu­ DR. J. H. JACKSON'S PEACE PLAN above conflict and does not destroy the au­ dent enters an in-depth survey of the world FOR THE VIETNAM WAR tonomy of either one of the Vietnams, but of work, and the eighth and ninth grades are would leave open the door for future uni­ devoted to a.n intensive occupational orien­ fication of the country and the people. tation program where the students a.re ex­ HON. LOUIS STOKES The following are the principles of the posed to as many occupations as is possible. OF OHIO Plan: This is accomplished through team teach­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I. Permit and encourage all of the people ing, field trips, films a.nd other teaching a.ids, in South Vietnam who believe in, and who all pointing toward helping the child make Monday, July 24, 1972 have accepted the ideology, the philosophy a meaningful choice of an occupation. and practice of the government of North Tenth grade students in the Jones County Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, based upon Vietnam to be located in, and become a program are taught the basic principles and the recommendations of 6 million mem­ part of North Vietnam. skills of a. cluster of occupations in which bers of the National Baptist Convention, II. All people in North Vietnam who have they show an interest, and in the final two USA, Inc., Dr. J. H. Jackson, its presi­ embraced the ideology and philosophy of the yea.rs of high school the students are trans­ dent, has written a peace plan for the government of South Vietnam should be ported to a. central vocational complex where Vietnam war. I believe that his plan de­ allowed to go to South Vietnam without they are taught a.nd drilled in the occupa­ serves unqualified attention-in the opposition or hindrance. tion they have selected. III. We suggest that Russia and all of the Upon graduation from high school the White House, in Congress, and in Paris. supporting allies of North Vietnam would Jones County student has a. choice of con­ Dr. Jackson is a distinguished and bril­ encourage the government of said country tinuing his education in a. four-year college, liant member of the American religious to accept the peace principles offered in Ar­ going into employment, or entering Jones community. His clarity of thought nnd ticles One and Two. Junior College for more specialized study in his overriding compassion are seen in his Then petition Russia to a.id North Vietnam trade or technical courses. peace plan. The plan was sent to Pre.

professor of biology, sociology, public health, tlfl.c society, such as ESA, has published man­ EARNING POWER economics, urban and regional planning, power projections for ecology. on· the basis Universities are "home base" for at least 80 biostatistics. Or you might be in another of of my studies, I project a three-fold expan-· per cent of all ecologists today. As an instruc­ a wide range of fields. During the school year slon of professionals in the field-from to­ tor or assistant professor, with a B.S. or M.S. you might spend 70 per cent of your time day's 4,800 to 14,400 or more by 1980. and having a contract with a large university, teaching, 20 per cent on your own research One of the factors in my projection is the you might receive $7,000-$9,000 per ndne­ projects. The remaining 10 per cent might National Environmental Polley Act of 1969, month year. As a Ph.D., you might be an as­ be devoted to administering projects; writ­ particularly its Section 102(2) (C), which re­ sociate .,r full professor at $10,()()()-$18,000; a ing proposals, papers, and reports; reading quires "108 statements." Such a statement rare few earn $22,000 or higher. scientific literature; referring journal con­ provides a detailed an'alysis of environmental The estimated 5 per cent of ecologists who tributions by others; corresponding with impacts of a proposed governmental step. work for industry earn 30-60 per cent more at other workers; or attending scientific meet­ The Federal government is required to pre­ any level of educa.tion and experience. ings. In the summers you probably would be pare and use such statements in agency re­ Our most reliable salary figures a.re for the employed in some phase of the International view processes before taking any major estimated 15 per cent of ecologists who work Biological Program (IBP) . actions which "significantly affect the quality for the Federal government. At the starting Launched in 1967, and originally scheduled of the human en'Vlronment." In the first two point, with a B.S. and limited experience, you to be concluded in 1972, the IBP has been years the law has been in effect, Federal would be on a par with your colleagues at extended until July 1974. The United States courts across the country have heard more universities, earning $7,319--$9,053. WI.th an ls one of 60 nations participating in coordi­ than 60 cases and rendered decisions which M.S. and several years experience, your salary nated activities under the theme, "Man's prove that the "102" provisions are court could be $11,046-$13,309, beginndng to out­ Survival in a Changing World." The National enforceable. Ecologists fl.led many of those distance ecologists on campus. With a Ph.D. Science Foundation is the Federal lead agen­ cases and acted as expert witnesses in others. and a growing professional reputation, you cy. The National Academy of Sciences ls the could advance to a supervisory position com­ coordinating body. WOMEN WELCOME Opportunities for women ecologists are manding $15,866-$25,538. In the U.S., IBP ecologists are pursuing While the p-restige ls greater in a full pro­ two lines of inquiry. One ls the IBP En­ almost unllmlted. Rachel Carson, who was an ecologist, is fessorship, the salary is higher in industry vironmental Program, based at the University or government. of Texas, which involves cooperating scien­ widely credited with having launched the tists scattered throughout southwestern U.8., contemporary environmental movement with HELP YOURSELF Hawaii, several Latin American countries, her book Silent Spring, published in 1962. The best-laid plans are those you make and elsewhere. They are working on such Today one of the most distinguished yourself. If you want a career in ecology, read problems as airborne diseases a.nd allergies, American ecologists ls Dr. Ruth Patrick. She everything a.bout it you can find. Consult the understanding ecosystems, and preserving the is a. member of the National Academy of quarterly indexes of Science magazine, the quality of the environment. The other part Sciences, an authority on limnology (fresh weekly journal of the American Association of the IBP ls the Human Ada.pta.bility Pro­ water studies, and the director of the De­ for the Advancement of Science, usually gram, based at Pennsylvania State University. partment of Limnology at the Philadelphia found in large school or public libraries. Ask Its works on the biology of human popula­ Academy of Natural Sciences where she has your library to order the paperback "Concepts tions at high altitudes (above 10,000 feet) a staff of 70 men and women. In addition, of Ecology," by Edward J. Kormondy, pub­ may eventually afford ways to protect all of she ls a consultant to Dupont, responsible lished by Prentice-Hall, 1968. Ask your guid­ us from degenerative ca.rdlova.scular diseases. for assessing the ecology at the sites of exist­ a n ce counselor or science teacher for other Other ecologists in this program a.re compar­ ing or proposed chemical plants, and for de­ leads to self-education. ing diets of different populations and study­ veloping water treatment and waste disposal After you've done such "homework," write ing the nutritional status of Eskimos in fac111ties. to several universities and request catalogs North America. Another woman ecologist, along with four and bulletins a.bout ecological studies. If one Ecologists with specific experience a.re women scientists, spent two weeks in a or more interest you, write to the appropriate sought by ACTION (the Peace Corps) and habitat at the bottom of the Caribbean Sea department head and request an appoint­ the Smithsonian Institution. As an ACTION in the Tektite II experiments in 1970. ment to visit, see the facllities, and have an volunteer yeu might be assigned to study the EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS interview with him or some other faculty member. "Crown of Thorns Starfish" which 3-re de­ Many people think of ecology as a branch stroying the coral reefs of Western Samoa.. Finally, you may address specific questions of biology. The classical ecologist al ways had to, or request a vocational guidance publica­ If you're an entomologist you might be as­ his biology at the core of education and ex­ tion from, the Ecological Society elf America. signed to survey and control insects infesting perience. But no more. Today sociology, an­ tomatoes and watermelons in Tonga.. If you're Write its secretary, Dr. J. Frank McCormick, thropology, and economics are more impor­ Professor Ecology and Botany, University of a mammalogist, you might help develop a. tant in the education of an ecologist -:;han preservation program for the Ta.ma.raw-a North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. are the physical sciences. By such steps you can be launched on an work anitnal related to the Asiatic Water If you were plotting an eco-education net­ Buffalo, and an endangered species in the exciting career as an ecologist--the preemi­ work, you would include biological sciences, nent catalyst for environmental quality. Philippines. of course, but you also would include en­ JOB PROSPECTS vironmental health, social sciences, and Manpower authorities foresee an end to the physical sciences, with intricate circuits con­ current surplus of scientists and engineers, necting all points in the net. Not one of these and predict more jobs in their fields than per­ is more important than the others. CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK sons to fill them by 1975-80. Undergraduate training in ecology snould All disciplines in environmental manage­ include a balanced curriculum of biological ment, ln'cluding ecology, should benefit from social, and environmental health sciences. this demand, already accelerated by the During the first two years you should take HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY public interest in, and demand for, environ­ introductory courses in biology, chemistry, OF ll.LINOIS mental improvement programs. Ecology, as calculus, sociology, and physics. Major IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the smallest of the fields of environmental courses should include genetics, physiology, Monday, July 24, 1972 management, should get concentrated atten­ ecology, demography, economics, anthropol­ tion. (The other fields a.re earth sciences, re­ ogy, epidemiology, llmnology and water Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, sources and recreation, environmental de­ quality, and oceanography. Allied sciences summer is traditionally the season when sign, and environmental protection.) Ecology should include a course in geology, one in many American families pack their is neither cyclical n'or overcrowded. Fundings biostatistics, and one in a. computer science. for projects involving ecology should con­ Depending upon the individual student's campers and take to the roads and parks tinue, if not under the IBP then under a interests, he undoubtedly will take addition­ of this great land. Exploring from coast successor program. al courses in chemistry, sociology, health to coast, millions of Americans enjoy the An ambitious new institution, which will sciences, or biology. great natural beauty of our bountiful provide direct employment for increasing Some g·raduate work is desirable, but not country. numbers of ecologists and indirect stimula­ essential, to work in ecology. Study through my tion of other employment, ls The Institute of the M.S. or M.A. d~gree ls common. To be I bring this to the attention of Ecology. TIE was launched in 1971 after sev­ a leader, a Ph.D. 1s regarded as necessary. fell ow Representatives, not to promot.e eral yea.rs of study by the Ecological Society There are many excellent universities and vacation travel, but to point out that we of America. Fifty universities a.nd other or­ colleges which offer ecology as a major spe­ are not captives in this country as are ganizations of North, Central, and South cialty. The outstanding ones are: California. millions of people now living under Com­ America a.re TIE's founding members. Even­ (Berkeley), Colorado State, Cornell, Duke, tually the Institute Will consist of a central University of Georgia, Michigan, Michigan munist domination. Last week as in past headquarters research center with a network State, Minnesota, North Carolina ( Chapel years we remembered these fellow hu­ connecting it to universities which will co­ Hill), Oa.k Ridge National Laboratory, Oregon man beings during "Captive Nations operate in large-sea.le ecological studies. State, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin Week." Neither the U.S. government nor any scten- (Madison), Yale. We often take our freedom for granted 25136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 in this country. From birth, we are free As a member of the Springfield, Ohio, With one exception, our cases was "clas­ citizens, free to travel where we please, chapter of AHEPA, I have come to ap­ sic." On March 15, Robbie was a gurgling, free speak our minds about the opera­ preciate the contributions of this frater­ cheerful bright new member of our house­ to hold; loved and cherished, put to bed with a tions of our government and free to wor­ nity even more. The members include full tummy and a comforting burp. His ship as we desire. These, of course, are businessmen, educators, farmers, and death came some time during his normal only a few of the many freedoms we en­ laboring men-all with the common nightime sleep, discovery at 6:30 in the morn­ joy each day. goal of helping others. More than that, ing. However, unlike most families who are From time to time, I think it is neces­ though, the Order of Ahepa is a family faced with the death syndrome, we were sary to reflect on the opportunities we fraternity, with numerous programs of aware of "crib death" and of a foundation have in America and to sympathize with fellowship and relaxation for all mem­ begun by parents ,f a lost child. We immediately called our pediatrician those in the captive nations who live bers of the family. and the Fire and Police Departments' resus­ under tyranny and enjoy no freedoms at Education-by means of scholarship citation units. We knew it was useless but all. and donations-civic participation, fel­ felt we had to try to revive our son. And, Life is a precious commodity and one lowship, sports programs, disaster re­ indeed, he was pronounced dead by his of the values which makes it precious is lief-these are all part of the work of pediatrician-the very same doctor who, the the capability to make decisions, free AHEPA. On its golden anniversary, it is week before, had pronounced him "a perfect and unencumbered by the political ma­ appropriate for many Americans to con­ baby." chinery of a dictatorial state. His body was left in our apartment, in a gratulate AHEPA on its 50 years of serv­ closed bedroom, with a policeman in attend­ But that is what the people in the ice and to wish it the best of luck and ance until the mid-afternoon at which time captive nations are faced with each day. good wishes for the next 50 years. a medical investigator from the medical Their work, their recreation and their examiner's office observed the body and in­ private lives are controlled in such a terviewed us. We were asked such questions manner that they are restricted in all as "How many times did you hit t he baby?" aspects of their lives. It is a way of life RESEARCH NEEDED ON CRIB DEATH "Did your other child choke or in any way contrary to the natural freedom all hu­ abuse the baby?", "Did you let your dog bite man beings are guaranteed at birth. It the baby?" If we had not been aware of SIDS HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY and confident that we had done absolutely is a way of life Americans have found nothing wrong, one can imagine the guilt intolerable since the beginning of this OF INDIANA and seif-accusation such questions would Nation almost 200 years ago. And it is a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have brought into our lives. In this way, our way of life all Americans should detest. Monday, July 24, 1972 loss differed from that of thousands of other Today, millions of people, including families across the country, families who the Soviet Jews, the Latvians, Lithua­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, the following live for months and, sometimes years, with nians, Hungarians, Czechs, Poles, and article appeared in the Indianapolis Star torment over the death of their baby. of July 21, 1972. Mrs. Choate has elo­ I began my work with the National Foun­ others in the rollcall of captive nations, dation for Sudden Infant Death, Inc., one suffer each day under the unyielding grip quently spelled out the need for further week after the death of my son. In the of a few powerful men. work to discover the cause of this over­ seven years tha.t I have been' involved, na­ As Americans start out on their sum­ whelming tragedy. tional awareness a.bout the magnitude of ~he mer vacations, it would be well if they The article follows : problem has increased greatly; however, paused for a moment and remembered MEDICAL MYSTERY: RESEARCH NEEDED ON Cam families are still sometimes faced with crimi­ these captive people with the hope that DEATH nal charges, stlll faced with la.ck of autopsy (By Judith Choate) and still faced with long months of waiting some day all the peoples of the world to be told why their baby died. We still do shall be truly free to enjoy the fullest There ls no greater mlra.cle than the birth not know the cause of the Sud.den Infant benefits of life. of a perfect child. Cigars are passed out by Death Syndrome but we do know that SIDS We have remembered and honored the proud pa.pas; dreams bloom on mama's face. families are not criminals. people in these captive nations for many Life begins! The National Founda,tlon for Sudden In­ years. Let us pray that in the near future The trip home from the hospital sets the fant Death proposes a standardized procedu.re precedent for "firsts" entered in the baby in every community in the United States for we will be able to help them celebrate book: first car ride, first bath, first smile, the their freedom with the same respect and the humane handling of cases of infants who longed-for first full night's sleep. die suddenly and unexpectedly; a method honor we have shown in commemorating We had hit all these milestones, and more, that ls both compassionate and medically their enslavement. when, on a March morning in 1965, my three­ sound. Autopsies must be performed and par­ year-old son and I began our day with a quiet ents promptly informed of the resultB. ThP. peek at "our baby." With three words-­ criteria for the diagnosis of SIDS should be "Robble looks funny"-! learned how abrupt­ disseminated to coroners and medlca1 ex­ AHEPA'S GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY ly this perfect miracle could end. My thriv­ aminers throughout the country 9,nd the ing, beautiful five-month-old son lay dead In term, "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome," his crib. should be utilized. Every family should re­ HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN No warning sickness, no struggle, no cry; a cel ve authoritative information about SIDS OF OHIO quiet death had come. from a health p!'ofessional who ls both A quiet death came in this country for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES knowledgeable about the disease and skilled Robbie and 10,000 other Robbles that year. in dealing with characteristic grief reactions. Monday, July 24, 1972 And for 10,000 apparently healthy babies These services should be available to every every year-before, since and to come-life family regardless of financial status or type Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, in ls over before it has begun. of medical care. Atlanta, Ga., on July 26, 1922, the Or­ Robbie was a victim of the Sudden Infant der of Ahepa was founded to promote an Death Syndrome (SIDS or also called "crib appreciation of the privileges of citizen­ death"); a disease neither predictable nor ship, and encourage active participation preventable that ls, after the first two weeks of life, the No. 1 cause of infant death in HEROIN TRAFFIC in the political, social, and civic fields of the United States. A disease that in its human endeavor. AHEPA, the American silence and unpredictability takes an incred­ Hellenic Educational Progressive Asso­ ible toll on the lives of surviving family HON. LESTER L. WOLFF ciation, is this year celebrating 50 years members. of service and accomplishment on the The death of any child ls heartbreaking OF NEW YORK local, national, and international level. but no other disease leaves, in its wake, such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As a nonpolitical and nonsectarian or­ guilt, self-doubt; incrimination, psychosis Monday, July 24, 1972 and charges of criminal neglect. Yet, every ganization, AHEPA has fought for the day, 30 to 35 families in this country suffer Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I rise again freedom and self-respect of minorities in not only the loss of a loved infant but ago­ Greece and Cyprus, and has always been to call to the attention of my colleagues nize over their own feelings of responslblllty and the American public the growing willing to aid victims of disaster, both for it, accusations of infanticide by neigh­ here and abroad. AHEPA also provides bors and relatives, ignorance from their threat of heroin traffic coming into this help to noncitizens in attaining full U.S. physicians, suspicion by legal authorities Nation from Southeast Asia. citizenship and in realizing the responsi­ and, often, they are never told why their baby Once again, Mr. Speaker, I renew my bilities and obligations that go with it. died. charge that the administration continues July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25137 to give the public rosy reports of coopera­ and Alfred W. McCoy, a 26-year-old Yale effective efforts "to interdict traffic from the tion from foreign governments on this graduate student who has written a book on north of Thailand to Bangkok and also the narcotics in Southeast Asia. The New York loading of narcotics on ships in Thai har­ critical matter. Yet, when I and other of Times reported Saturday that Mr. McCoy's bors." my colleagues have investigated the allegations concerning the C.I.A. and the At another point in the report, a general problem, we have discovered that the drug traffic had been the subject of an in­ complaint was voiced. "It should surely be heroin traffic is increasing with, in tense and unusually public rebuttal by the possible to convey to the right Thai or Viet­ numerous cases, the active protection of agency. namese officials the mood of the Congress high officials in the nations involved. The Cabinet-level report, made available to and the Administration on the subject of Today's New York Times carries a The Times, buttressed many of the charges drugs," the report said. "No real progress can story: by Seymour Hersh, based on a re­ made by the two critics, particularly about be made on the problem of illicit traffic until the pivotal importance of Thailand to the and unless the local governments concerned port to a Cabinet-level task force, which international drug smugglers. Thailand iS make it a matter of highest priority." substantiates the charges which I have also a major Air Force staging area for the Representatives Steele, Lester L. Wolff, been making. United States. Democrat of Nassau County, and Morgan F. I have formally requested that the De­ In a report on the world heroin problem Murphy, Democrat of Illinois, have spon­ partment of State make this report avail­ last year, Mr. Steele wrote that "from the sored legislation that would cut off more able to the Congress forthwith. If the American viewpoint, Thailand is an impor­ than $100-million in foreign aid to Thailand report is not forthcoming, I shall intro­ tant to the control of the illegal interna­ unless she took more action to halt the pro­ tional traffic in narcotics as Turkey. While duction and traffic of heroin. Their measure duce a resolution of inquiry which would all of the opium produced in Southeast Asia cleared the Hausa Foreign Affairs Committee require the Department of State to trans­ is not grown in Thailand, most of it is on June 21 and is included in the Foreign mit this document to the appropriate smuggled through that country." Assistance Act, now pending. committees of the Congress. Mr. Steele's report, filed with the House During a Congressional hearing into drug As my colleagues are aware, the For­ Committee on Foreign Affairs, noted that traffic last month, Representative Wolff dis­ eign Affairs Committee, based on infor­ many American citizens had established resi­ puted the Administration's contention that mation which I obtained, has already dence in Bangkok, and had moved into the it was making "real progress" in stemming adopted a cutoff of aid to Thailand be­ narcotics trade. The report added that the the narcotics flow and said, "we think the inability of the United States to have a few trade has got so much protection in high cause of its major role in the interna­ notorious smugglers deported had led some places in Thailand that the Administration tional traffic in narcotics. I feel sure that intelligence officials to conclude that the men is afraid they'll tell us to take our air bases the contents of this report will confirm were paying Thai officials for protection. out. if we put too much pressure on them." the decision of the committee to pass my Mr. McCoy said in testimony before Con­ amendment. gressional committees last month that hun­ At this point in the RECORD I should dreds of tons of Burmese opium passed like to include the New York Times through Thailand every year to international A TRIBUTE TO AHEPA markets in Europe and the United States and article: that 80 to 90 per cent of the opium was car­ No HOPE OF HALTING ASIA.N DRUG TRAFFIC ried by Chinese Nationalist paramilitary HON. JOHN W. WYDLER (By Seymour M. Hersh) teams that were at one time paid by the C.I.A. OF NEW YORK WASHINGTON, July 23.-A Cabinet-level re­ There are a number of opium refineries port has concluded that contrary to the along the northern Thal border, he said, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nixon Administration's public optimism, much of the processed high-quality heroin Monday, July 24, 1972 "there ls no prospect" of stemming the is shipped by trawler to Hong Kong. smuggling of narcotics by air and sea in "Even though they are heavily involved Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, I would Southeast Asia "under any conditions that in the narcotics traffic," Mr. McCoy testified, take the opportunity to pay my respects can realistically be projected." "these Nationalist Chinese irregulars units to the Order of Ahepa-a fraternal or­ "This is so," the report, dated Feb. 21, are closely allied with the Thai Government." ganization of the highest caliber-which 1972, said, "because the governments in the He said that Thai Government police units this month celebrates its golden anniver­ region are unable and, in some cases, un­ patrol the northern border area and collect an "import duty" of about $2.50 a pound of sary year. willing to do those things that would have to The order represents the spirit and the be done by them if a truly effective effort raw opium entering Thailand. All this activi­ were to be made." ty, he said, is monitored by United States wishes of the Greek-American commu­ The report, prepared by officials of the intelligence agencies. nity of North America, in matters con­ Central Intelligence Agency, the State De­ THAI-U.S. AGREEMENTS CITED cerning the welfare of all mankind. partment and the Defense Department, noted Mr. Gross, the State Department's adviser Its purposes are in every respect bene­ that "the most basic problem, and the one on international narcotics, said in his Con­ fi.cial to our national designs and deserv­ that unfortunately appears least likely of gressional testimony that "during the past ing of our praise. any early solution, is the corruption, collu­ year the Thais have increased their efforts As a philanthropic body, AHEPA has sion and indifference at some places in some in the drug field with United States and contributed to the relief of victims of dis­ governments, particularly Thailand and United Nations assistance." He cited two South Vietnam, that precludes more effective agreements, signed in late 1971, calling for aster-both natural and man-made-­ suppression of traffic by the governments on more cooperation and more long-range plan­ throughout the full course of its exist­ whose territory it takes place. ning between Thai and United States officials ence. Persons rendered homeless by flood, The report sharply contradicted the offi­ to stamp out the trade. hurricane, and the blight of war, have cial Administration position and Govern­ "Based on all intelligence information turned for assistance to AHEPA, which ment intelligence sources say its conclusions available," Mr. Gross testified, "the leaders has always responded with genuine con­ are still valid today. In May, Secretary of of the Thai Government are not engaged cern. State William P. Rogers told a Senate sub­ in the opium or heroin traffic, nor are they Under the authority of AHEPA, schools committee that "we think all the countries extending protection to traffickers." He added are cooperating with us and we are quite that the top police official in Thailand had have been constructed to further educa­ satisfied with that cooperation." publicly stated that he would punish any tion in the United States and Greece as Similarly, Nelson G. Gross, Senior Adviser corrupt official. well and a program established providing to the Secretary of State and Coordinator The cabinet-level report, submitted to the for an educational journey to Greece by for International Narcotics Matters, testified Cabinet Committee on International Nar­ deserving American students. before Congress in June on the subject of cotics Control, asked "r.ighest priority" for Deeply patriotic, AHEPA was respon­ narcotics smuggling that "the governments suppression of the traffic by Thal trawlers, sible, during World War II, as an official of Thailand, Laos and Vietnam have already noting that each trawler "would represent joined us in the fight and, while we have something like 6 per cent of annual United issuing agency of the U.S. Treasury, for a long way to go, we feel that during the past States consumption of heroin." the sale of $500 million worth of war year some real progress has been achieved." The report said that the trawler traffic bonds. All officials concerned with the drug prob­ should have priority because "it is possible In the war against the ravages of dis­ lem acknowledge that the United States to attack the Thai trawler traffic without ease, AHEPA has contributed to the con­ agencies, under personal prodding from Pres­ seeking the cooperation of Thai authorities struction and operation of hospitals, ident Nixon, have begun an intensive effort and running the attendant risks of leaks, health centers, and medical research to stem the international narcotics traffic. tip-offs and betrayals." centers in both Greece and the United But critics contend that the effort is far less After such a seizure, the report said, the effective today than Administration officials United States Embassy in Bangkok could States. say it is. "repeat with still greater force and insistence It is a special pleasure for me to call • • • flow of narcotics are Representative the representations it has already often made to the attention of the Congress the serv­ Robert H. Steele, Republican of Connecticut, to the Government of Thailand" for more ices of one of my constituents, George L. CXVIII--1584-Part 19 25138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 Bourney of West Hempstead, N.Y., as REACH-ANOTHER KIND OF "Drugs aren't the real problem," she said. supreme trustee and second vice chair­ GRADUATION "It's what's under the surface of one's per­ sonality. Problems can show themselves in man of the order, as well as those of different forms but the result is a defect in the president, secretary, and treasurer attitude and that is really what REACH of the Hempstead chapter, Constantine HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY concerns itself with." Psillis, Chris Constantine, and John OF CONNECTICUT This appraisal gains credence when one Piniat. All have worked hard in the in­ considers that though Leslie was on drugs terests of AHEPA and in so doing have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when she came to REACH; Brad wasn't. What served the interests of America as well. Monday, July 24, 1972 they had in common was unhappiness and It is a matter of the greatest pride on a feeling of alienation from family, friends Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, I be­ and society. · my part to recall my designation as the lieve that community-level drug rehabili­ "A friend brought me down here," Leslie honor guest of the Theodore Roosevelt tation programs off er the best solution said, "when I was a. junior at Ludlowe. I Chapter No. 170 of the Order of Ahepa, to one of our Nation's most urgent prob­ started smoking marijuana. in high school Hempstead, N.Y., at the 20th AHE~A lems. One of the more effective of these and at 16 I started on speed. I guess I got on national banquet held last March m has been the REACH program, organized it because I wanted to be part of something Washington. The banquet was in honor 2 years ago in Fairfield, Conn. Follow­ I never was before. I come from a big family of the U.S. Congress, and I was proud, ing is an excellent article by Ruth Mc­ but I was always really lonely. indeed, have represented my constit­ "When I was a. sophomore I found a circle to Dermott, managing editor of the Fairfield of friends who were getting high and I uents on that occasion. Citizen, discussing REACH's activities: wanted to be accepted by them so I started In all it has accomplished over the past REACH-ANOTHER KIND OF GRADUATION too. If they were doing anything else I prob­ 50 years, AHEPA has won the respect and (By Ruth McDermott) ably would have done the same thing; but good wishes of everyone familiar with the this is what they were doing. In a. week of graduations, of caps and gowns "When I ca.me here (to REACH} I didn't facts and concerned for the welfare of and citations, academic marches and reces­ our country and the world. feel like I had a problem but just being here, sionals, a. quieter ceremony was held in Fair­ I realized getting high wasn't the answer." field marking the successful completion of Brad was an only child and lonely too. another kind of course of learning as six "One day some friends said come down to young men and women were graduated from REACH and meet some girls and I've been ORDER OF AHEPA GOLDEN the REACH program. here since. That was in July of '70 when I ANNIVERSARY REACH differs from most of the academic was 17." institutions that had commencement exer­ "The first day here." Leslie said, "I got the cises. What its class of '72 had learned didn't impression of a lot of people running around HON. SHERMAN P. LLOYD come primarily from books, it came from a looking happy . . . there was a lot of talk OF UTAH living experience and essentially the lesson among us a.bout our feelings which was learned was that a.n alternative life-style IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pretty new to me. Then we developed the existed to the one they had chosen before core family idea. and there was a lot of con­ Monday, July 24, 1972 they ca.me there; that it was a. better life and frontation." , that pursuit of it was worth giving up drug Ray Wilson explained the core family. "The Mr. LLOYD. Mr. Speaker, the Order of dependency and other self-destructive ha.bits Ahepa, the American Hellenic Educa­ program used to be rather loosely structured. of body and mind they had settled on E!,S a. But remember, REACH started as a. Hot Line tional Progressive Association, has a spe­ way of making it in what they pretty univer­ concept, a stop gap for kids who were des­ cial anniversary this month and I wish sally had considered a hostile environment. perate. This served the purpose then but as to join with my colleagues in paying REACH was started in Fairfield two years we developed we realized something more tribute to this fine organization and its ago to meet a growing drug-abuse problem substantial, more structured was needed and membership as they mark their golden among young people and it had a. tough we developed the 'Core Family' idea. The time proving its worth. This was when the emphasis changed from people calling in and anniversary on July 26, 1972. entire drug picture was newer and very con­ Tr..e mc:nbers of the AHEPA are men in stopgap measures to people in our program fusing to most people. Why drug dependency and a permanent design for living. all walks of life. They may be business­ habits arise· in so many young people may be "Once the structure ca.me," Diane said, men, professional men, educators, labor­ just a.s much as a.n enigma. today but the fa.ct "goals came with it. The idea. of the core ing men-but all are men of good moral that there is a problem has certainly become family as Ray and John Folta developed it character with a common goal of good more accepted a.s has the fa.ct that facilities was to create a family environment, sort of fellowship and common understanding. like REACH are of value in combating the a surrogate family here a.t REACH. The first drug abuse. This is reflected concretely in the 12 hours a day in fact, taking on responsi­ The Order of Ahepa has contributed town of Fairfield's appropriating money for financially to many causes during its 50 b111ty here, both of physical work which was REACH in its budget. the building and maintaining the inside and years of existence, on both a national and REACH has had its moments of trial and outside of this building and the mental and international level. These contributions error like all other agencies groping first to emotional work of seminars, encounter are in addition to the many local pro­ understand the anatomy of the drug abuse groups, letting the meaning of being pa.rt of grams under the direction of the local problem and then take steps to combat it. a family infiltrate, learning to set and meet chapters. Local AHEPA chapters have The fact that its staff had deemed this grad­ goals both a.s individuals and as a part of always given generously and vigorously uating class (actually the 2nd, one person the group, lea.ming to be honest and open graduated la.st year} ready to leave the facil­ with oneself and with each other." supported local community undertakings ity demonstrates that, a.t least in its own in the fields of education, charity, and A crucial thing a.bout the core family pro­ eyes, it has evolved a. course of action that gram was it was in effect a workshop. Leslie civic improvement. has yielded results. Results to them meaning and Brad and all the other members of it Members of the AHEPA can take pride the young person has demonstrated his or lived at home, went to school and did all in their accomplishments during the past her ability to assume a life-style that is the other "outside" things with REACH being 50 years. They have championed the interesting and challenging enough to pur­ their base. They learned the r:rucial atti­ cause of education and have always been sue without the use of drugs as a. crutch. tudes there and went into the outside world ready to aide victims of disaster both Two of the six of the '72 graduates a.re to practice them, for that is where they here and abroad. Brad Bratchell and Leslie Martin and we would have to live their lives. asked them what had brought them to And as Ray said, "just getting to be part I am especially proud of the active REACH and why they thought they were of the core family was meeting a goal for membership of AHEPA in the Second ready to leave its protecting arms. Two of you had to earn it. We used to say 'no free Congressional District of Utah, which 'J, REACH's directors sat with us also and told lunch'. That had to be earned. A theory being represent. Sam N. Anton is president ot us how the facility had changed from the that learning to live within it, to develop the Salt Lake City Chapter and Andrew days when it started and why the changes mutual love and respect for fellow family L. Satupis, also of Salt Lake City, is the were significant. They are Ray Wilson, an members, to learn to do your share of a com­ current lieutenant governor of the dis­ ex-addict who is REACH's co-director and mon purpose, a. common job, was to learn ha.e been for two years and Diane Bluett, how to live outside this family too." trict lodge. a trained social service worker who has been No organization or fraternity can "This isn't a residence," Ray said. "The on the staff for one year. idea was to spend a lot of time here at claim any better ideals. The Order of Diane thinks that the problem is primarily REACH a.t commitment without effort ls im­ Ahepa has made invaluable contributions psychological and that the drug abuse ha.bit possible. We had to make life here desirable in almost all phases of American life. is merely a. symptom; REACH obviously can enough to give up drugs and apathy for." I salute the members of this fine orga­ do nothing a.bout the availability of drugs, Gradually the proportion of time changed; nization for their contributions during it can only treat people who a.va.11 themselves less time in REACH, more time outside. Thia the past half century. of it. is the essence of the core family program. July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25139 The success each one finds there is the meas­ century. Congressman Hutchinson and I have u .S. Vice President SPIRO AGNEW is also ure of transference they can make to an not always been in total agreement but I a member. independent life outside REACH. That is know that he ha.s voted his political convic­ what Leslie and Brad achieved. tions only after the most careful study: in The AHEPA chapter in Jacksonville Some of the group projects during their other words Ed Hutchinson does his home­ and the other chapters around the coun· time and continuing were managing hotdog work. try can be duly proud of their record in stands such as they set up for the Outdoor When the 93rd Congress convenes, Ed 1972, as they celebrate their 50th anni­ Art Show recently, organizing Red Cross Hutchinson will be the ranking Republican versary. blood banks and now the coffee house that member of the Judiciary Committee and, if occupies a building of the Fairfield Railroad this body should be reorganized by the Re­ station. This coffee house as a matter of fact publicans, will accede to the Chairmanship represents another step for REACH. of that Committee. It is an interesting point OUR NATIONAL ENERGY CRISIS The program is now divided in two; to deal of history to note that only one other mem­ with heavy drug users and the more casual ber of Congress from Michigan has reached users. They feel they can have a more suc­ the top of the Judiciary Committee. He was HON. MIKE McCORMACK cessful program separating the two. REACH the late Earl C. Michener, of Adrian in Lena­ OF WASHINGTON will remain the structured core family and wee County, who represented the 2nd District IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the coffee house the preventive a.nd educa­ for 30 years until his retirement in 195C.,. tional level. It will be open seven days a week Representative Michener was Chairman in Monday, July 24, 1972 and be self-supporting, "we hope" Diane the 80th Congress. said. "It won't be only a place you can always In the coming months I am sure you will Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I am come to," she added. "We are working toward get to know your new Congressman and pleased to insert in the RECORD excerpts setting up workshops in arts and crafts, a hopefully will develop the same close rela­ from a speech made by the president of photo shop, a leather shop, a drama group tionship with him that we have had in the the National Coal Association to the 20th related to life today, we a.re even ambitious past. Annual Conference of the Great Lakes enough to be planning high school equiva­ With warmest regards, I am, States Industrial Development Council. lency tutoring and hoping to get professional MARVIN L. ESCH. teacher volunteers to help us with this." In this speech, Mr. Bagge discussed our Graduates Leslie and Brad aren't leaving vulnerability to having petroleum im­ REACH entirely, they are moving to staff now ports cut off and the mounting trade and will both be working at the coffee house deficit we are now experiencing from all summer. Brad is going to continue at the ORDER OF AHEPA CELEBRATES our current petroleum imports. University of New Haven in the fall. He will GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY The excerpts of the speech follow: be a sophomore and hopes to become a law­ yer some day. "A storefront lawyer. I would EXCERPI'S OF AN ADDRESS BY CARL E. BAGGE like to work for a program such as REACH HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT A few years ago . . . it would have been or any other social work agency." OF FLORIDA a ridiculously simple question to ask, what Leslie has had one year at the University IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are you going to do for energy? Today the of Rochester and thinks another year out in answer is not quite so simple. Despite the the world working a.nd being with people will Monday, July 24, 1972 fact that the U.S. was blessed with an abun­ help her figure out what she really wants to dance of all types of fuel including coal, oil, do before she goes back to school again. But Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, In Jack­ oil-shale, gas and uranium we have so mis­ she definitely intends to go be.ck and get her sonville, Fla., which I represent in the managed our fuel and energy utilization that degree a.nd "work at something that has to Congress, the Order of Ahepa is cele­ only coal remains abundant. Its use in its do with people." brating its g·olden anniversary during natural state is being outlawed by environ­ Both leave REACH with something they 1972. The organization was founded in mental constraints, and technological devel­ didn't have before. A feeling of love for the Atlanta, Ga., on July 26, 1922. National­ opments to improve its usablllty have been people they know and a. feeling that they are ly, the organization has made many con­ thwarted by legislative neglect. As General stronger people than they were a.nd more George A. Lincoln, the head of our Office able to confront life on whatever terms it tributions for the betterment of Ameri­ o! Emergency Preparedness, said, "Coal has offers itself than before they found their way can life and certainly should be been our most ignored resources." there. recognized at this time. Today the nation is in what I fear are Our American democracy finds a nat­ only the opening stages of an energy short­ ural kinship with those of Greek de­ age and almost complete dependence on the scent who founded the AHEPA frater­ use of foreign fuels. Already the United States LETTER TO CONSTITUENTS imports about 8.5 pecent of its fuel require­ nity, rooted in the spirit of the democracy ments. Our nation imports a quarter of the of ancient Greece. petroleum Lt consumes, and both the total HON. MARVIN L. ESCH The organization promotes and en­ amount and the percentage of imports are OF MICHIGAN courages loyalty to the United states increasing. This is, or should be, a matter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of America and instructs its members in of considerable national concern, because we the tenets and fundamental principles of are already running a sizable deficit in our Monday, July 24, 1972 government, and in the recognition and balance of trade, and the continuing drain of dollars for imported fuel is one o! our biggest Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, since I have respect of the inalienable rights of man­ expenditures. no longer the honor of representing the kind. Perhaps more critical is the fact that the people of Lenawee County, I have today The organization instills in its mem­ friendly nations of the Caribbean which have sent the following letter to my con­ bers a due appreciation of the privileges been supplying most of our oil imports are stituents in that area: of citizenship and encourages them to now producing at or near their capacity, and DEAR FRIEND: Because of the recent Con­ be profoundly interested and actively in addition, their oil is high in sulfur. To­ gressional redistricting, I will no longer participating in the political, civil, social, day's demand is not only for more petroleum have the honor and privilege of representing -and commercial fields of human in all forms, but, under the strictures of air my friends in Lenawee County. During the pollution control, for residual fuel oil which endeavor. is low in sulfur-and that low-sulfur oll past six years, my wife, Olga, and I have de­ The organization has organized like­ veloped many warm friendships with our must come principally from the Middle East. friends throughout Lenawee County and we minded people to provide relief for The nations of the Middle Ea.st are po­ will miss them. The new rPdistricting plan Florida hurricane victims, flood victims litically volatile, and their record of friend­ places the County of Lenawee in the 4t h Con­ in Mississippi, and, in general, needy per­ ship for the United States in recent years gressional Dist r ict which is represented by sons around the world. Jerry Felos and does not give us much confidence. Moreover, Congressman Edward Hutchinson. they a.re already engaged in supplying oil to Sam, his brother, both of Jacksonville, Europe and Japan so that we are truly buy­ Since 1967, I have had the honor of serv­ have been among my very closest friends ing Michigan along side of the Honorable Ed ing oil in a seller's market--and any news­ throughout my life and I know how much paper reader can find recurrent signs that Hutchin son of the 4th District. I kn ow him AHEPA has meant to them as they work a.s a man whose judgment and experience will the Middle East governments a.re missing serve Lenawee County well. together for the betterment of mankind. no opportunity to increase prices and de­ Ed Hutchinson came to Washington ln Several outstanding Americans have mands more control over oil production in 1963 aft er serving five terms in the Michigan been members of this organization and their territory.... We are increasingly plac­ the late Franklin Delano Roosevelt be­ ing a vital pa.rt of our energy supply at State Senat e a.n d t wo terms in the State hazard, in a. position where we may no longer House of Representatives. He also was a. vice­ came a member while still Governor of control our own destiny. president of the 1961-1962 Michigan Con­ New York and maintained his member­ As in the case of oil the supplies of natural stitutional Convention. He is a man who has ship faithfully. Former President Harry gas a.re critically short. Under a misguided served the public !or more than a quarter o! a S. Truman is a member of the AHEPA. policy we have for more than 17 years Im- 25140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 po~ suingent federal controls on the price close examination and since either the naph­ from the gasifier is burned in a gas turbine which producers may be paid for natural tha or the crude oil from which it is derived which spins a genera.tor, and the exhaust gas in the field. Though the policy was in~ would have to be imported, this seems a gases are passed through a. boiler where they tended to protect the consumer against un­ dubious expedient as a large-scale, long-term make steam for a second turbine and gen­ justified price increases, it has had the ef­ solution. erator. fect of keeping prices artificially low, dis­ So we are in trouble with our energy­ Though it has been a. long struggle, gov­ couraging exploration and development of producing fuels. Some projections indicate ernment and industry backing for research new gas fields, and encouraging the use of that in a few yea.rs we will have to import in pipeline-quality gas from ooa.l has now this premium fuel for inferior uses. Tril­ more than half of the fuels we consume as reached a substantial level. However, there lions of cubic feet of gas, for example, have liquid and gases to heat our homes, run our has been little funding for research in low­ been burned under utility boilers in lieu of automobiles, and operate industrial processes Btu gas until this year's budget included for coal, and that gas is not available now to for which fuel in these forms is so critical. the first time a $33 million item for a study the household consumers who need it. . . . We will, unless we take prompt action to of the proces~. We in the coal industry think Today in Washington and Pittsburgh plus prevent this situation by recognizing that this small be.ginning needs to be drastically many other great cities, gas distributors our one remaining abundant fuel resource, increased, and we invite your support for the can accept no new customers, not even. new coal, can be the source of all fuel forms project. homes. necessary. It seems to me that the low-Btu gas In my six years as a member of the Fed­ The best alternative source of gas is syn­ process, With or without the combined cycle, eral Power Commission, I reluctantly en­ thetic gas from coal. You have probably has many attractions for industrial develop­ forced this irrational price policy while sub­ heard of this prospect, or more likely you ment in the Great Lakes states. Because sul­ mitting and arguing for federal legislation have heard of only half of it. fur and other impurities can be scrubbed which would decontrol the field price of new The half that has received the most at­ from the gas as it is produced, and some gas and thus encourage new discoveries. The tention is the conversion of coal to pipeline­ recovered as salable products, it offers a fuel self-defeating policy of field price regulation quality gas, comparable to natural gas. At which can operate Within the limits of air led to other complications for of course as least four processes to accomplish this are pollution control restrictions even in new federal law, it applied only to gas entering now in the pilot plant stage. Here in Chicago, plants. It thus could use the high-sulfur interstate commerce. the pilot plant of the Institute of Gas Tech­ coals of the Midwest which are rapidly being I recall that after the Permian Basin de­ nology has already been operating. In Rapid regulated out of the market in many of our cision, which was the commission's first at­ City, South Dakota, Consolidation Coal Com­ metropolitan areas. tempt to set field prices on an area basis, we pany's 802 acceptor process is expected to had allowed a price of 16.5 cents per thou­ start up this spring, operating on lignite. The • • • • • sand cubic feet for gas from west Texas to National Coal Association's research affiliate, In talking of the gasification prospects for supply a pipeline for the Chicago area. In Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., has signed coal, quite obviously I have been dealing in short order, however, a competing pipeline a $24 million contra.ct to build and operate futures. There is a long lead time between was built entirely within the boundaries of a pilot plant near Homer City, Pennsylvania, having a process on the dra.Wing board, or Texas and hence not subject to the Permian under auspices of the Department of the In­ even at the pilot plant stage, and having gas Basin order which began siphoning off that terior's Office of Coal Research, which is also in commercial quantities at the burner tip. gas for the chemical industry of the Texas sponsoring the two processes previously men­ Any realistic appraisal of the timetable shows Gulf Coast. Under the impetus of higher tioned. In addition, the Bureau of Mines is that it will be about 1978 or 1980 before price, the producers found and sold more gas, building a pilot plant at its own research gas from coal, either low or high Btu, begins but actually less and less gas was committed facility at Bruceton, Pennsylvania. to make an appreciable impact on our na­ to the interstate market. The producers All four of these processes aim at a prod­ tional supply. For the next half-dozen years, could sell it for use within the state for uct comparable to natural gas, with a heat that brings us back to our original question: more than they could get from interstate content of 900 or more Btu per cubic foot. What a.re we going to use for energy? That is not just a rhetorical question. Air pipelines. The engineers and researchers tell us that if Ultimately, a pipeline in dire need of gas all goes well, commercial plants employing pollution control regulations in many states for the Chicago market was forced to buy one or more of these processes Will be ready and cities are so stringent that the high­ Permian Ba.sin gas at a premium from the about 1980. They will each produce at least sulfur coals which make up most of the intrastate line-a price of 12 cents per thou­ 250 million cubic feet a day, and consume reserves in the East and Middle West are sand cubic feet 6ver the maximum it could six million tons of coal a year To be commer­ being squeezed out of the market. They can­ pay the original producers. cially feasible they Will probably be mine­ not be used in existing plants in many areas. This is only one example of the irration­ mouth plants located in the West, where The federal air quality criteria for new plants now call for standards equivalent to the use ality of wellhead price control. ... There they can be supplied by large tracts of strip­ are many other instances of how the forces pable coal. of seven-tenths of one percent sulfur coal. of the marketplace ultimately overcame the However, the gas produced by these plants That means nearly all steam coal east of the strictures of price regulation-but forced the will not be inexpensive. Its cost is expected Mississippi is ruled out of new plants unless something is done to reduce the sulfur oxide consumer to pay more than he likely would to be competitive With other substitutes for have without the misguided effort of price domestic natural gas,-LNG, Alaskan gas, or emissions. synthetic gas from naphtha, but probably Fortunately, something is being done. Work control. on 80 removal equipment has gone forward out of range for industrial and electric utility 2 use so long as another energy source is avail­ for several years, and a number of processes The shortage of gas has, somewhat be­ are now in the full-scale demonstration plant latedly, launched a search for new or sub­ able. And in fact there is a. likely substitute­ stage. The manufacturers are willing to sell stitute supplies. The logical first place to in­ full-sea.le equipment now for later delivery­ quire was Canada., which is already the source another kind of gas from coal. This is low­ Btu gas, With a. heat content of about 200 realizing the risks of any pioneering process. of about 4 percent of our gas supplies. How­ Although the technology is not fully proven, ever, Canada's National Energy Board has Btu per cubic foot. A non-polluting low-Btu gas can, it appears, be produced in simpler it is fair to say that if you are making the decided that Canada does not have a great basic decisions now about your next electric deal of gas in excess of its own future needs, and less expensive equipment than that re­ quired for the pipeline gas process. It would generating station you can plan to include and the board has voted, at least for the equipment for 80 emission control. Sulfur time being, to allow no additional sales to not be economical to move low-Btu gas by 2 pipeline--you would have to move several dioxide removal is probably not the ultimate the United States. answer to the need for both energy and clean Another possibility is to import liquefied times the volume for the same heat content as natural gas, and of course it could not be air, but it promises to be one of the best natural gas from abroad, principally from answers available now. Algeria. Several proposals for large-scale LNG mingled With natural gas in the same line. shipments are now being considered. The So the logical way to use the process is to • • Federal Power Commission in a landmark install the gasifier at an industrial or electric We in the coal industry are in no position ruling this month authorized long-term LNG utility plant and haul the coal there by con­ to gloat a.bout the environmental problems imports but said it will not assume jurisdic­ ventional means. This also eliminates the of atomic reactors. We do think that if Con­ tion over them until 'they move in interstate need for a large mine-mouth block of com­ gress grants atomic power a partial exemp­ commerce. These imports may be necessary mitted coal reserves, and would be a natural tion from the National Environmental Pro­ for a time, but they give rise to the same use for the substantial but scattered reserves tection Act, on the argument that electricity dangers as do imports of petroleum-indeed, of Appalachia and the Midwest. from nuclear plants is needed, at least an they compound the hazard, for they could Low-Btu gas can be used in conventional even break should be given to fossil-fuel multiply the drain on our balance of pay­ boiler equipment Without air pollution. But plants also, since their environmental effects ments and make even more of our critically more importantly, it seemingly opens the are known and any pollution damage they important energy supply subject to foreign door to a new power generation process­ cause is not permanent. cutoff. the combined cycle system-which has an However, there is a more serious question Another alternative proposed by several indicated efficiency of about 55 percent in­ which utilities should weigh carefully before major pipelines is to make synthetic gas from stead of the 38 percent which is a good rating deciding to buy nuclear reactors. It is the naphtha. But the logic of using one scarce for modern conventional generating stations. same question which I posed several times !uel, oil, to produce another does not stand In the combined cycle system, low-Btu gas in my remarks-What are you going to use July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25141 for energy? Our supplies of low-cost uranium free of ash and sulfur, which can be han­ people program are particularly com­ are critically low-so low that President Nix­ dled as a solid or a low-melting-point liquid. mendable. on has authorized accelerated research to de­ And finally, if government and industry velop a fast-breeder reactor which will make combine in pushing an expanded research AHEPA's public service, at home and more efficient use of our limited fossil fuel and development program in low-Btu gas overseas, has embodied the highest ideals supplies. However, the most optimistic target from coal, I am confident that process will of the Hellenic tradition. Furthermore, date for a breeder demonstration plant is be commercially available late in this decade, through countless ways the order has 1980, and it will be at least 1990 before the allowing high-sulfur coal to be converted at maintained the rich cultural heritage of fast breeder can begin a major contribution the plant site for use as a boiler fuel or in the Greek people, at the same time~ to the national supply of electricity. Com­ the combined cycle. In the same time frame, strengthening the bonds between the monwealth Edison and the Tennessee Valley pipeline-quality gas from coal should be­ Authority have been named as the agencies come available in the Great Lakes states as peoples, spirit, and traditions of Greece to build and operate the first pilot plant, but residential fuel, though as I said, there will and America. Especially noteworthy is the history of the present light-water reac­ probably be little or none to spare for indus­ this organization's efforts to involve tors demonstrates there can be many delays trial accounts. young people through the Son's of Peri­ between the first pilot plant and commercial Thus, in relying on coal for industrial ex­ cles and Maids of Athena. In addition, operation of a number of full-size installa­ pansion in the Great Lakes states, you will the Order of Ahepa has given generously tions. have a steadily widening range of options­ and energetically to local community un­ So long as we are back at our original ques­ use of low-sulfur coal for the next few years, dertakings in the area of education, civic tion-What are we going to use for energy?­ then use of any grade of coal processed to a improvement, and community service. let us reconsider the options available. low-sulfur fuel, sta.ck gas 802 removal, and If you a,re counting on additional sup­ then clean synthetic gas from coal. The fur­ It is indeed appropriate that we pay plies of domestic na,tural gas, you a.re tak· ther you plan ahead, the wider will be your this well-deserved tribute to this fine or­ ing a long cha.nee. It is time, as I as a FPC choice. ganization and its many members who commissioner and the coal industry have As more sophisticated and pollution-free are dedicated to good citizenship, pub­ advocated, to end wellhead price controls, a.t methods are developed to produce energy lic service, and compassion of the fel­ least for new gas, in order to encourage ex­ from coal, the Great Lakes states will be in low man. The Order of Ahepa has ploration and development of new gas re­ a favorable position to use them in indus­ serves. However, I do not hold out this trial development. You are strategically lo­ achieved 50 years of solid accomplish­ measure as a pana.cea. It will help, but it cated to tap the great coal reserves of your ments and exemplary contributions and wlll not long a.llay the shortage of natural own region, of other Midwestern states, of we are certainly fortunate to have such gas. While there is more gas to be discov­ Appala.chia, and even the vast resources of an organization in this country. I com­ ered, given the proper incentives, the nation­ the West. mend it for its fine work and wish it al demand for gas will absorb a.11 the gas the But I would not mislead you into thinking continued success and growth. industry ca.n discover and produce. that this devoutly-desired outcome of abun­ If you plan to use imported oil, you will dant clean energy from coal will arrive un­ be relying on fairly unreliable sources, with bidden and unassisted. It will require an en­ the growing possib111ty that the United larged and diligently pursued research pro­ States for its own economic a.nd political gram, and then a very large investment in NEWSMEN HIT GUILD'S McGOVERN wellbeing must consider restricting those plant and equipment to bring these new STAND imports. The same considerations will apply processes to market. in time, I believe, to imports orf liquefied But the effort will require even more than natural gas or imported feedstocks for syn­ diligence and dollars. The investments in HON. WILLIAM L. SPRINGER thetic gas. new processes will not be made, certainly OF ll.LINOIS If you are depending on aitomic power keep not in the time and scale necessary, unless in mind the inhibitions of fuel supply which we have a firm national energy policy which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cloud the future of atomic energy. I hope declares that this Nation will place its prime Monday, July 24, 1972 the United States can develop the fast breed­ reliance on domestic fuels. er rea.ctor to commercial scale and bring it Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, the into operation without undue delay, for in American Newspaper Guild's endorse­ the long run this nation will need all the ment of GEORGE McGOVERN for President sources of energy it can get. But realistically, GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY OF THE has caused consternation among mem­ the time when the fast breeder wlll be avail­ ORDER OF AHEPA bers of the Washington press corps. It able is a long way off, and prudent steward­ is particularly noteworthy that around ship of our uranium resources should require 300 of them have taken an ad in the tha,t we slow down the wasteful use of our HON. HERMAN BADILLO low-cost uranium in the present inefficient Washington Post to protest their union's light-water reactors. OF NEW YORK action. They said: If there are supply problems with oil, gas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Guild has no business interjecting its and atomic energy, that leaves only coal. Monday, July 24, 1972 members into a partisan political role. Its There are problems in using coal, too, but efforts to do so demean us as professionals not the problem of adequate supply. The Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, I am whose hallmark is fairness. Na..tion has one and a half trillion tons of pleased and proud to join with our col­ coal in reserves already mapped and ex­ leagues in paying tribute to one of this For the convenience of my colleagues plored, or nine times as much energy as in country's most distinguished and out­ I include here the text of the advertise­ all other fuels combined. And geologists ment, as it appeared in the Washington estimate that an equal amount remains to standing fraternal service organiza­ Post of Sunday, July 23, 1972, with the be discovered. tions-the American Hellenic Educa­ Post's excellent editorial of Monday, The main problem in using coal is how tional Progressive Association, more July 24, and an article on the Washing­ to burn its high-sulfur varieties within the commonly known as the Order of Ahepa. ton-Baltimore Guild local's formal cen­ increasingly strict air pollution control re­ Founded on July 26, 1922, AHEPA now quirements. This was a major factor in re­ sure of the way the endorsement was has some 430 local chapters in 49 States, rushed through the Guild's international ducing the amount of coal consumed in the Canada, and Australia. A nonpolitical, United Sta,tes last year. However, existing executive board: equipmerut can control dust and fly ash from nonsecterian fraternal organization, the [ An advertisement from the Washington coal combustion to an efficiency of more Order of Ahepa has contributed to many Post, July 23, 1972) than 99 percent, and the technology to re­ worthy causes and has supported nu­ We the undersigned members of the work­ move sulfur oxides from the stack gases of merous vital projects during its 50-year ing press hereby disavow and publicly dis­ large industrial and electric utility plants history. It has provided relief and assist­ associate ourselves from the endorsement can be ordered now. ance to victims of natural disasters­ by The Newspaper Guild (AFL-CIO) of any Also in the offing is the technology for hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes-not candidate for any office at any time or place. producing low-sulfur fuels from coal. These only in many locales in this country but We make this disavowal in response to the include the production of low-sulfur oils recent endorsement of the Democratic nom­ as in a process being researched by Con­ in Greece, Turkey, and Ecuador as well. It inee for President of the United States by solidation Coal Company. supports a number of hospitals, health Charles A. Perlik Jr., the• president of The Still a n other method for producing a sul­ centers, and a shelter home in Greece Newspaper Gutld. fur-free fuel · from coal now entering the and maintains an academy at Garrison, We in the news business have an obliga­ pilot plant stage is the solvent-refined coal N.Y. The order's efforts in actively sup­ tion to inform the public. The fulfillment process developed by the Pittsburgh and porting education and cultural develop­ of this obligation depends on maintaining Midway Coal Mining Co. under Office of Coal ment and in promoting better interna­ credib111ty with the public. Resea.rch contra.ct. This process yields a fuel, tional relations through a people-to- The Gutld has no business interjecting 25142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 24, 1972 lts members into a partisan political role. Hoffman, Ken Fell, Donald Smith, Rudy san Republicans ( as well as among newspa­ Its efforts to do so demean us as profes­ Maxa., Peter H. Harris, Michael E. Hill. per people in and out of the Guild). Senator sionals whose hallmark ts fairness. It ties Jeannette Smyth, Martin Well, John P. Goldwater, for example, called it "one of the us to a political decision we personally may MacKenzie, Ellsworth J. Davis, Nancy scan­ most interesting and least written about or may not favor. nell,•Barry Sussman, Richard R. Crocker, Jim stories" of the Democratic Convention. Ap­ Organization affiliations for identification Landers, Patrick J. DeCuzzi, Elsie Carper, parently sensing something furtive or clan­ only Sally Quinn, Laura Quirk, Diana Maxwell, destine, he went on to declare that "the Carrie Johnson. public has a right to know a lot more about ASSOCIATED PRESS Leonard Shapiro, Tom Wilkinson, Helen it." Tom Seppy, Harry E. Rosenthal, James C. Dewar, Herman Blackman, Thomas O'Toole, Well, we woud agree with that-although Munn, Robert A. Daugherty, Margaret Ker­ Wendy Sigal, Lawrence W. Feinberg, James the story was in fact fully covered by this nodle DeChard, James H. Phlllips, Jerry L. Rowe, Jr., Carole A. Shifrin, Carroll Kll­ newspaper and many others. Stlll, newspa­ Brown, Harvey Georges, John Duricks, Jack partick, Allen Scott, Robert F. Levey, Jaehoon per readers have a. rightful interest in any Smith, Lee Byrd, Steve Fritz, Thomas Cos­ Ahn, Irna. Moore. open display of political partisanship by an tas, Dona.Id M. Rohberg, Margaret Scher!. Peter Osnos, George Solomon, Richard M. organization composed in part of working re­ Michael J. Hughes, Jerry T. Baulch, Janet Cohen, Paul Hodge, Kenneth Weiss, Richard porters and editors and other newsroom em­ Stalhar, Michael J. Waters, Edward M. L. Coe, Bob Galano, Naomi S. Rovner, George ployes who are supposed to be objective, Fishel II, Donald M. Kendall, Tom Free­ C. Wilson, Henry Mitchell, John R. Allen, fair, unprejudiced and non-partisan in their man, Richard L. Barnes, George L. Gedds, Jean M. White, Donnie Radcliffe. work. So we would like to talk about this is­ Mike Doan, Robert A. Dobkin, Stan Benja­ Christian William, Louise H. Oettinger, sue today, strictly For Your Information, and min, Chick Harrity, Thomas Sheehan, Wil­ William Niederkorn, Rob Marmet, Shelby also commend to you a.n article on the sub­ liam Gorry, Arthur Janes, Lewis Gulick, Coffey III, Peter A. Jay, Mary Lou Beatty, ject elsewhere on this page today in which Donald Sanders. Joan Spiegel, Kenneth Tura.n, Noel Epstein, Mr. Ben Ba.gdlkian describes in some detail UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL Paul W. Valentine, Leon D. Dash. the process by which the Guild arrived at its Peter M111us, Donald A. Taylor, Douglas decision to endorse a presidential candidate Warren L. Nelson, Rick Taggs, Donald R. Watson, Kevin Klose, Franklin L. Offutt, John Finley, Joseph L. Myler, John F. Barton, for the first time. You can judge for your­ T. Allen, Helen Dewar, Karlyn Barker, Nor­ self whether that process was democracy in Robert M. Andrews, Bill Clayton, Ed Rogers, man Driscoll, Myra MacPherson, Angela Dan Rapoport, Dan Phlllips, Elmer Lammi, its purest form. The protest already mounted Terrell, Diana. Maxwell, Richard L. Lyons, by scores of Guild members raises a.t least Frank Eleazer, Steve Gerst, Pye Chamber­ Dan Griffin. layne, Howard Fields, Gene Gibbons, Mike some doubt about that. But leaving that Feinsllber, Gene Bernhardt. WASHINGTON STAR-NEWS question aside as an internal problem for the Guild, the question remains whether it was BALTIMORE SUN James Doyle, Shirley Elder, Marvin E. Coble III, John Fialka, Timothy Hutchens, a sensible, useful and-perhaps most impor­ Peter J. Kumpa, John Carroll, Paul W. Jack Kneece, Roberta Hornig, Ruth Dean, ta.nt--professional thing to do, even assuming ward, Muriel Dobbin, Oswald Johnston, Betty James, William R . Basham, Harold J. that it accurately reflected the sentiment Bruce Winters, Adam Clymer, Albert Flecknoe, Jackie Bolder, Ellen Perlmutter, of the Guild membership. The short answer, Sehlstedt Jr., Art Pine, Charles W. COrddry Pat Lewis. in our view, is that it was not. Jr., Paul J. Jablow. Ronald Sarro, Robert A. Berger, John We would not question the Guild's right, NEW YORK TIMES Mathews, Patricia Simmons, Walter Oates, in theory, to endorse political candidates in Ben A. Franklin, Juan M. Vasquez, David Norbert S. Olshefski, Woody West, Don the same way that other trade unions do. E. Rosenbaum, Laura Waltz, William H. Rob­ Youngstrom, John M. Rosson, Oswald Moore, The issue is whether this particular union, bins, John Hemphlll, N. W. Keady, Warren John Scholz, Charles A. McAleer, Lynn representing this particular group of work­ Weaver Jr., Robert M. Smith, Edwin I. Dale Dunson, Nancy H. Beckham, Lee Cohn. ers, is not obliged, almost by definition, to Jr., Philip Shabecoff, Diane Henry. OTHER ORGANIZATIONS foreswear any participation in partisan po­ litical processes. We would think it is, and Bernard Gwertzman, Jeffrey Sheppard, Jack Don Larrabee, Griffin-Larrabee News Rosenthal, Barbara Dubivsky, John W. Fin­ not for the reason that the Guild's endorse­ Bureau. ment of Mr. McGovern might somehow in­ ney, Ira Kalfus, John M. Crewdson, Michael Knight Kiplinger, Griffin-Larrabee News B. Lien, Nan Robertson, William L. Brobst, E. duce its members to slant their news report­ Bureau. ing or editing in favor of the Democratic can­ W. Kenworthy. David Lynch, Griffin-Larrabee News Bureau. Fannie Jo Hunter, Eileen Shanahan, John didate. The flash flood of petitions signed by Gene S. Goldenberg, Griffin-Larrabee News Guild reporters in protest of the action taken Herbers, Harold M. Schmeck Jr. Janet Mc­ Bureau. Lean, Dans Adams Schmidt, Francis J. Cun­ by their union leadership is eloquent testi­ Richard L. Strout, Christian Science mony to the integrity of the great body of ningham, Dana Little, Kathryn A. Wellde, Monitor. Milly McDermott, Robert B. Sample Jr., Rich­ serious, professional reporters and editors-­ Warren Berry, Newsday. and especially of those dealing with national ard L. Madden, Judith Cummings, Marjorie Lester Bell, Copley News Service. Hunter. Pat Sloyan Hearst Newspapers. politics. As Mr. Bagdikian points out, it is WASmNGTON POST Leland A. Bandy, The State (Columbia, no more reasonable to suspect that these J. Y. Smith, Haynes Johnson, Mary Russell, S.C.) Guild members will be influenced in their work by their union's endorsement of Sena­ Eugene L. Meyer, Timothy S. Robinson, Wil­ Gerald Parshall, U.S. News & World Report. liam Raspberry, Mike Causey, Jack Eisen. Charles Osolin, Winston-Salem Journal. tor McGovern than it is to suspect that they Stuart Auerbach, Victor Cohn, David R. Mary Paul, Reuters. wlll be tll ted towards President Nixon by the fact that the overwhelming majority of Boldt. Ranjit de Silva, Reuters. Lakie L. South, J. Paul McCarthy Jr., Rob­ Fred Farris, International Herald Tribune. their publishers--the people they work for ert L. Asher, Don Oberdorfer, J. D. Alexander, Ida. Kosciesza., International Herald and who have quite a lot to say about the Joe Mastrangelo, Roger Wilkins, Lawrence Tribune. course of their careers--are generally conser­ Laurent, Tom Allen, Jean R. Hailey, Hank Robert Riner, International Herald vative and, thus, more sympathetic to Re­ publican candidates for President. Burchard. Tribune. Eric Wentworth, Alexander D. Horne, John S. Lang, New York Post. In short, it is not the professional news George W. Carter, William L. Claiborne, Eliza­ Helene C. Monberg, Western Newspapers. reporters and editors themselves who wlll be beth J. Knight, Claudia Levy, Carl Bernstein, Roberts S. Allen. influenced adversely by the Guild's action, Peter A. Masley, Ronald Koven, Norman Dris­ Charmayne Narsh, Reuters. and neither is it their product-which can coll, Douglas B. Feaver, Tom Kelley, B. D. Nina. Totenberg, National Observer. be regularly tested for tilt, in any case, be­ Colen. William McGaffln, Chicago Dally News. cause it is out there, all of it, on display Stephen Green, Sunday Orme, Patricia K. This does not purport to be a full list of every day. On the contrary, the problem is Godchaux, Herb Block, W1lliam H. Jones, those in the news profession who agree with in the fact that for a newspaper to be effec­ Thomas A. Ginda, Robert J. Samuelson, the principles set forth in this advertisement, tive, it must not merely be fair and non­ Philip Greer, Elizabeth A. Wllliams, William which has been paid for by those who have partisan in its handling of news; it must also Nye curry, William B. Pollard m, Larry R. signed it. appear to be fair. The problem is in the eye Most of the foregoing signatories are Gulld of the beholder and that is why anything Fox, Joseph M. Boyle, Richard Pearson, Frank which offers strong reason to suspect the Joseph, Robert I. Price, Daniel M. Mccou­ members. Some are not. s. objectivity of those who handle the news-­ brey, William E. Smart. (This ad was arranged by Haynes Johnson and J. Y. Smith of The Washington Post.) anything which shakes the reader's trust and William H. Greider, Ron Shaffer, Linda confidence-is that much more extra, un­ Wheeler, William A. Elsen, Blll Gold, John [From the Washington Post, July 24, 1972] needed freight for any working reporter or F. cumcott, Bob Woodward, Heidi K. Sinlck, editor. It not only robs their work of be­ John Carmody, George A. Kessler, Matthew F.Y.I. lievability but arouses the suspension of Lewis, Marllyn Berger, Ba.rt Barnes, Jim The endorsement of Senator McGovern for news sources as well. That is why the Guild's Mann, Hal Wlllard, Walter B. Douglas. President by the Newspaper Guild, which was endorsement of Senator McGovern, as a prac­ Lawrence E. Tupper, Ben Cason, Andrew announced at the Democratic Convention by tical matter, is so troublesome, not to say Barnes, Robert A. Webb, Lou Cannon, David Guild President Charles A. Perlik, has pre­ reprehensible. For them the Guild's endorse­ s. Broder, George Lardner, Jr., Nicholas von dictably stirred a lot of outcry among pa.rti- ment 1s an encumbrance they neither need July 24, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25143 nor want and it is greatly to their credit chairman of the House Merchant Marine To return to the Maritime Adminis­ that so many of them are moving-by pe­ and Fisheries Committee, of which I am tration's question as to what can be done tition or paid a.els or local voting in repudia­ a member, to hold special hearings con­ for an "encore," I hope to supply ~n op­ tion of their leadership-to shake it off. cerning this matter. The points which portunity to appear before the committee MCGOVERN ENDORSEMENT BY GUILD HIT trouble me include the following: to answer these and other questions BY LOCAL First. The fact, as I understand it, which I have concerning the shipbuild­ The executive board of the Washington­ that none of these contracts is actually ing program. On the facts available to Ba.ltimore Newspaper Guild yesterday for­ binding or enforceable. A substantial me the program seems to create serious mally censured International Guild president legal question exists as to whether the questions. The White House may be try­ Charles A. Perlik Jr. for endorsing the can­ mad rush to obtain the extra 2 percent­ ing to perpetrate a hoax on the ship­ didacy of Sen. George McGovern (D-S.D.) or $13 million-plus-in subsidies has building workers of our country and their before both major national parties held their produced any binding contracts. It ap­ presidential nominating conventions. families, and the administration should At last month's Newspaper Guild conven­ pears that these are one-sided agree­ be given the opportunity to explain tion in San Juan, P.R., the International ex­ ments with only the Government being whether there is substance to this pro­ ecutive board was authorized to consider bound and with there being a loophole gram or whether it is merely another endorsing a presidential candidate after both for the private parties to get out with no political shell game. party conventions. But Perlik announced penalty. This is an extremely serious the board's endorsement of McGovern at the matter. I intend to ask the Assistant Sec­ Democratic Convention last week in Mia.ml. retary for Maritime Affairs to inform Yesterday's local statement, which was MARVIN "LUCKY'' MONDRES passed 9-to-2 after a five-hour afternoon me as to whether they consider these meeting, said, ". . . Perlik ignored the clearly contracts binding and enforceable expressed will of the guild convention.... against the parties, or merely illusory. HON. J. HERBERT BURKE This local condemns President Perlik's ap­ I also intend to ask them to supply me OF FLORIDA propriation of a. right not granted by the with copies of all legal opinions and rul­ guild convention." ings the Maritime Administration has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Reached at his home last night, Perlik said obtained from its general counsel relat­ Monday, July 24, 1972 the "technicality" of waiting until after both conventions was a. "fairly weak reed" for the ing to these contracts. Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, executive boa.rd to stand on. "There was Second. The fact that six of the vessels I was advised recently that Mr. Marvin simply nothing to wait for with the Republi­ totaling $382.1 million, and involving "Lucky" Mondres, who has for the past can; Nixon's nomination wasn't just con­ $164.5 million in Federal subsidies, will several years served as congressional liai­ ceded but was a.n actual fact for our pur­ be too large to serve any American port son officer in the U.S. Department of pose." Nixon campaign officials had an­ and therefore will be unable to operate Commerce, is resigning his post to run nounced earlier that the President had in the foreign commerce of the United for Congress from the newly crea~d enough delegate votes to be renoininated. States. It is highly questionable, to say Perlik added that the McGovern endorse­ 13th Congressional District in the State ment was not made by him but by the entire the least, whether Congress in enacting of Florida. International board by a vote of 14 to 0. and funding this maritime program had I have known Mr. Mondres and his The Washington-Baltimore Guild, second in mind the construction of vessels that family for many years. He came to largest in the country with 1,900 members, would not only no. promote our foreign Washington in 1967, shortly after I was is the first local to have formally condemned or domestic commerce but would not even elected to Congress. He served most ably Perlik. The local's statement supports the operate in such commerce. in my office as my administrative as­ union's right to endorse candidates but says Third. The fact that at least six of the Perlik's actions are not binding on members sistant, but left to accept the position or resources of the local. vessels also apparently contemplate ob­ as congressional liasion with the Depart­ taining operating subsidies that would be ment of Commerce, from which he is paid to companies that have substantial now resigning. foreign-flag operations. The Merchant Mr. Mondres is married and has one MARITIME SHIPBUILDING Marine Act requires that waivers be son and one daughter. He was at one PROGRAM given under such circumstances and pub­ time a resident of north Dade County lic hearings have usually been accorded. and also of South BrownaTd Coun,ty, in It is my understanding that no hearings the area which now encompasses Flor­ HON. JOHN M. MURPHY have been held and no waivers granted ida's new 13th Congressional District. 01' NEW YORK with respect to these contracts. Because of his familiarity with the north IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fourth. The fact that the contracts Dade and south Broward Counties, he Monday, July 24, 1972 for all 16 of these ships were signed on felt disposed to offer himself for public June 30. If they had been signed a few service as a candidate for Congress from Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. hours later on the following day, the sub­ his district, despite the sacrifice he must Speaker, on July 1, the White House sidy would have been automatically re­ make in resigning from his position with announced that on the previous day, duced under the statute from 43 percent the Commerce Department. June 30, five contracts had been signed of the total cost to 41 percent. This would During the many years I have known for 16 vessels totaling $660 million and have saved the Federal Government, "Lucky" Mondres, I have watched him involving $284 million in Federal Gov­ that is, the American taxpayer, over $13 accept the various challenges that were ernment subsidies. This was represented million in subsidies. from time to time presented to him. I as the largest group of peacetime con­ Fifth. The fact that the real owner, as knfJw him for his dedication to his work. tract awards since the inception of the I understand the facts, of three 265,000- his dedication to his friends, I know Merchant Marine Act of 1936. ton tankers to be constructed at a cost of him as a former Florida businessman, Until July 1, the administration's ma­ $210.2 million with $90.6 million in Fed­ and as a former employee of my office. jor shipbuilding program had all of the eral subsidies, is a company whose prin­ As a friend, I must recognize that the earmarks of being a dismal failure with cipal stockholders are not citizens of the task he has cut out for himself in run­ very little new ship construction taking United States. This raises serious ques­ ning for Congress will not be easy. I feel, place under it. tions as to whether the provisions of the however, that the experience as a busi­ The serious question that arises now is law have been met and whether it is a nessman and that which he has gained whether these new contracts are real purpose of our maritime program to give while in Washington as well his desire and binding contracts, or are merely subsidy of this magnitude to non-Ameri­ to offer himself for public service, will illusory promises which bind only the serve as assets in his quest to represent U.S. Government. can citizens. Sixth. The fact that the contract for the people from the new 13th Congres­ At the White House Press Conference, sional District of the State of Florida. a Maritime Administration spokesman three vessels, totaling $114.1 million to be I wish him well in whatever his future said, "I have no idea what we will do for built by Bath Iron Works, was signed in endeavors may be, and I am sure that an encore." The answer to that question a Senate office. Political dividends were there are many Members who serve with will be intriguing. obviously intended by the staging of this me in the House, on both sides of the There are several things that are most announcement in this fashion, and this aisle, who know Mr. Mondres and who troublesome about the White House an­ compromises the integrity of the entire have worked with him who feel the nouncement, and I intend to ask the shipbuilding program. same.