Attachment a ‐ Forest Service Wildfire, NEPA, and Salvage Summary
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California Fire Siege 2007 an Overview Cover Photos from Top Clockwise: the Santiago Fire Threatens a Development on October 23, 2007
CALIFORNIA FIRE SIEGE 2007 AN OVERVIEW Cover photos from top clockwise: The Santiago Fire threatens a development on October 23, 2007. (Photo credit: Scott Vickers, istockphoto) Image of Harris Fire taken from Ikhana unmanned aircraft on October 24, 2007. (Photo credit: NASA/U.S. Forest Service) A firefighter tries in vain to cool the flames of a wind-whipped blaze. (Photo credit: Dan Elliot) The American Red Cross acted quickly to establish evacuation centers during the siege. (Photo credit: American Red Cross) Opposite Page: Painting of Harris Fire by Kate Dore, based on photo by Wes Schultz. 2 Introductory Statement In October of 2007, a series of large wildfires ignited and burned hundreds of thousands of acres in Southern California. The fires displaced nearly one million residents, destroyed thousands of homes, and sadly took the lives of 10 people. Shortly after the fire siege began, a team was commissioned by CAL FIRE, the U.S. Forest Service and OES to gather data and measure the response from the numerous fire agencies involved. This report is the result of the team’s efforts and is based upon the best available information and all known facts that have been accumulated. In addition to outlining the fire conditions leading up to the 2007 siege, this report presents statistics —including availability of firefighting resources, acreage engaged, and weather conditions—alongside the strategies that were employed by fire commanders to create a complete day-by-day account of the firefighting effort. The ability to protect the lives, property, and natural resources of the residents of California is contingent upon the strength of cooperation and coordination among federal, state and local firefighting agencies. -
Urban Interface (WUI) Fires
NIST Special Publication 1198 Summary of Workshop on Structure Ignition in Wildland- Urban Interface (WUI) Fires Sponsored by ASTM International E05 Committee Samuel L. Manzello Stephen L. Quarles This publication is available free of charge from: http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1198 NIST Special Publication 1198 Summary of Workshop on Structure Ignition in Wildland- Urban Interface (WUI) Fires Sponsored by ASTM International E05 Committee Samuel L. Manzello Fire Research Division Engineering Laboratory Stephen L. Quarles Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety Richburg, SC This publication is available free of charge from: http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1198 September 2015 U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Willie May, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The content of the oral presentations reproduced in this workshop report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent NIST’s perspective. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 1198 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 1198, 82 pages (September 2015) CODEN: NSPUE2 This publication is available free of charge from: http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1198 Table of contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Workshop Objectives 1 1.2 Program of Workshop 2 1.3 Participant Listing 5 2. -
The 2007 Southern California Wildfires: Lessons in Complexity
fire The 2007 Southern California Wildfires: Lessons in Complexity s is evidenced year after year, the na- ture of the “fire problem” in south- Jon E. Keeley, Hugh Safford, C.J. Fotheringham, A ern California differs from most of Janet Franklin, and Max Moritz the rest of the United States, both by nature and degree. Nationally, the highest losses in ϳ The 2007 wildfire season in southern California burned over 1,000,000 ac ( 400,000 ha) and property and life caused by wildfire occur in included several megafires. We use the 2007 fires as a case study to draw three major lessons about southern California, but, at the same time, wildfires and wildfire complexity in southern California. First, the great majority of large fires in expansion of housing into these fire-prone southern California occur in the autumn under the influence of Santa Ana windstorms. These fires also wildlands continues at an enormous pace cost the most to contain and cause the most damage to life and property, and the October 2007 fires (Safford 2007). Although modest areas of were no exception because thousands of homes were lost and seven people were killed. Being pushed conifer forest in the southern California by wind gusts over 100 kph, young fuels presented little barrier to their spread as the 2007 fires mountains experience the same negative ef- reburned considerable portions of the area burned in the historic 2003 fire season. Adding to the size fects of long-term fire suppression that are of these fires was the historic 2006–2007 drought that contributed to high dead fuel loads and long evident in other western forests (e.g., high distance spotting. -
Synthesis of Knowledge of Extreme Fire Behavior: Volume I for Fire Managers
United States Department of Agriculture Synthesis of Knowledge of Forest Service Pacific Northwest Extreme Fire Behavior: Research Station General Technical Volume I for Fire Managers Report PNW-GTR-854 November 2011 Paul A. Werth, Brian E. Potter, Craig B. Clements, Mark A. Finney, Scott L. Goodrick, Martin E. Alexander, Miguel G. Cruz, Jason A. Forthofer, and Sara S. McAllister A SUMMARY OF KNOWLEDGE FROM THE The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the national forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). -
News Headlines 11/9/2016
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ News Headlines 11/9/2016 Measure A: Town voters say yes to fire tax - overwhelmingly Family of 6 displaced in San Bernardino apartment fire Firefighters Rescue Man Pinned Under SUV These 13 states have the most homes at risk from wildfires 2016 Wildfire Season Not Likely to Top Record-Setting 2015 Season 1 Measure A: Town voters say yes to fire tax - overwhelmingly Matthew Cabe, Daily Press Posted: November 8, 2016, 12:01 AM APPLE VALLEY — Voters are saying yes to the tax measure designed to bolster emergency services in the town, according to unofficial election results posted at 10 p.m. Tuesday. With more than 34 percent of precincts reporting, Measure A has received overwhelming approval, amassing 10,364 votes, which translates to 77 percent of the vote, according to the San Bernardino County Elections Office. Measure A needed a two-thirds majority to pass. Doug Qualls — former Apple Valley Fire Protection District Chief and Measure A’s principal officer — told the Daily Press things are “going well” in the district as a result of the voting. “The threshold of reaching two-thirds of the voters is an extraordinary effort,” Qualls said. “To get two-thirds of the people to agree on something, and we far exceeded that expectation, that’s by commitment to the community.” Qualls called Tuesday’s outcome the result of a reality wherein fire stations need to be reopened; currently just three of the district’s seven fire stations are opened, and emergency-response times are below the national averages. “In 1997,” Qualls said, “the fire district promised the voters that they would deliver the best service they can deliver with the resources provided. -
CALIFORNIA WILDFIRES ~ FEMA EM - 3287-CA Total Incidents from 6/22/08 - 8/06/08
CALIFORNIA WILDFIRES ~ FEMA EM - 3287-CA Total Incidents from 6/22/08 - 8/06/08 BEAR WALLOW SHF JUNE LIGHTNING 12,067 Acres 31 Acres Started 6/21/2008 Started 6/21/2008 UKONOM COMPLEX PANTHER FIRE ALPS COMPLEX 43,390 Acres 11,022 Acres 3,026 Acres Started 6/23/2008 Started 7/24/2008 WHISKEYTOWN COMPLEX Started 6/21/2008 6,240 Acres BLUE 2 FIRE SISKIYOU Started 6/21/2008 6,950 Acres COMPLEX GOULD FIRE Started 6/20/2008 57,785 Acres 229 Acres SHU LIGHTNING COMPLEX PETERSON COMPLEX Started 6/21/2008 Started 6/21/2008 86,500 Acres 7,842 Acres Started 6/21/2008 Started 6/21/2008 MAD COMPLEX DEL 3,705 Acres NORTE CORRAL FIRE Started 6/20/2008 12,434 Acres SISKIYOU Started 6/23/2008 MODOC IRON COMPLEX TGU LIGHTNING COMPLEX 83,340 Acres 22,907 Acres Started 6/21/2008 Started 6/21/2008 HELL'S HALF COMPLEX 15,146 Acres LMU JUNE LIGHTNING Started 6/20/2008 SHASTA 50 Acres Started 6/21/2008 LIME COMPLEX HUMBOLDT 63,192 Acres LASSEN Started 6/20/2008 CUB COMPLEX MILL COMPLEX 19,718 Acres 2,100 Acres HUMBOLDT COMPLEX Started 6/21/2008 Started 6/22/2008 1,325 Acres TRINITY Started 6/21/2008 CANYON COMPLEX RICH FIRE TEHAMA 6,570 Acres PLUMAS 37,357 Acres Started 7/29/2008 YOLLA BOLLY COMPLEX Started6/21/2008 6,625 Acres Started 6/21/2008 CRAIG FIRE GLENN SIERRA YUBA RIVER COMPLEX BUTTE 2,500 Acres MEU LIGHTNING COMPLEX 4,254 Acres Started 8/03/2008 54,817 Acres Started 6/21/2008 Started 6/21/2008 MENDOCINO COLUSA YUBA AMERICAN RIVER COMPLEX LAKE NEVADA SODA COMPLEX 20,541 Acres 8,632 Acres Started 6/21/2008 Started 6/21/2008 SUTTER PLACER CAPPS FIRE -
AN ANALYSIS of WILDFIRE IMPACTS on CLIMATE CHANGE By
AN ANALYSIS OF WILDFIRE IMPACTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE By: Taylor Gilson Mentor: Dr. Elaine Fagner 1 Abstract Abstract: The western United States (U.S.). has recently seen an increase in wildfires that destroyed communities and lives. This researcher seeks to examine the impact of wildfires on climate change by examining recent studies on air quality and air emissions produced by wildfires, and their impact on climate change. Wildfires cause temporary large increases in outdoor airborne particles, such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) and particulate matter 10(PM 10). Large wildfires can increase air pollution over thousands of square kilometers (Berkley University, 2021). The researcher will be conducting this research by analyzing PM found in the atmosphere, as well as analyzing air quality reports in the Southwestern portion of the U.S. The focus of this study is to examine the air emissions after wildfires have occurred in Yosemite National Park; and the research analysis will help provide the scientific community with additional data to understand the severity of wildfires and their impacts on climate change. Project Overview and Hypothesis This study examines the air quality from prior wildfires in Yosemite National Park. This research effort will help provide additional data for the scientific community and local, state, and federal agencies to better mitigate harmful levels of PM in the atmosphere caused by forest fires. The researcher hypothesizes that elevated PM levels in the Yosemite National Park region correlate with wildfires that are caused by natural sources such as lightning strikes and droughts. Introduction The researcher will seek to prove the linkage between wildfires and PM. -
August 13, 2018 Northwest Zone Interagency Fire Coordination Group
Northwest Zone Interagency Fire Coordination Group Jump to: Evacuations | Fire Weather | Fire Restriction Discussion | Fire Updates | Air Quality | Prevention Message | Media Contacts RELEASE DATE: Monday, August 13, 2018 – 15:30 p.m. Current Fire Danger: EXTREME FIRE RESTRICTIONS: All jurisdictional agencies in the NW Zone Fire Management Area will enter Stage II Restrictions at 12:01 a.m. Thursday, August 16, 2018. This includes: Flathead National Forest, Flathead County, DNRC NW Land Office Kalispell, Libby, Plains Units; Kootenai National Forest, Lincoln County, Sanders County, Lake County. Glacier National Park is entering Stage II Fire Restrictions at 12:01 a.m. Tuesday, August 14. Current Restrictions: Sanders County: Stage II Kootenai National Forest: Stage I Libby & Plains Units, Montana DNRC: Stage I MULTIPLE LIGHTNING STRIKES ACROSS THE FIRE AREA WERE RECORDED SATURDAY, AUGUST 11, 2018, WITH CONFIRMED FIRES IN ALL JURISDICTIONS. MULTIPLE FIRE REPORTS ARE COMING IN, WITH INITIAL ATTACK OCCURING, RESOURCES RESPONDING, AND MORE FIREFIGHTING RESOURCES BEING ORDERED. A SIZE-UP OF THE BIG PICTURE ACROSS THE AREA IS OCCURING NOW, AND PRIORITIES BEING DETERMINED. Evacuations Glacier National Park 9 p.m. 8/12/2018: Howe Ridge Fire Evacuation Order: Avalanche and Sprague Creek Campgrounds, North Lake McDonald Road (including private residences and Lake McDonald Ranger Station), Lake McDonald Lodge Complex (all businesses, employees, and private residences), private residences along Going-to-the-Sun Road. The Going-to-the-Sun Road is closed near Apgar to Logan Pass on the west side. Apgar Village and most other areas of the park remain open. Glacier National Park Fire Line: 406-888-7077 U.S. -
Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration: Conference Proceedings; 2002 16-18 April; Fort Collins, CO
Fire, Fuel Treatments, and United States Ecological Restoration: Department of Agriculture Forest Service Conference Proceedings Rocky Mountain Research Station April 16-18, 2002 Proceedings RMRS-P-29 Fort Collins, CO June 2003 Omi, Philip N.; Joyce, Linda A., technical editors. 2003. Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration: Conference proceedings; 2002 16-18 April; Fort Collins, CO. Proceedings RMRS-P-29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 475 p. Recent fires have spawned intense interest in fuel treatment and ecological restora- tion activities. Scientists and land managers have been advocating these activities for years, and the recent fires have provided incentives for federal, state, and local entities to move ahead with ambitious hazard reduction and restoration projects. Recent fires also have increased public awareness about the risks and hazards of living in wild areas. The scientific basis for ecological restoration and fuel treatment activities is growing, but remains largely unsubstantiated, with isolated exceptions. Over 300 participants from all over the United States convened in Ft. Collins, Colorado, to learn from 90 oral and poster presentations. Sponsors • USDA Forest Service • Joint Fire Sciences Program • Colorado State Forest Service • Society of American Foresters • Colorado State University • Western Forest Fire Research Center (WESTFIRE) Conference Coordinators • Dr. Phil Omi, Professor, Department of Forest Sciences, Colorado State University • Dr. Linda Joyce, Research Project Leader, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service Editors’ Note Papers presented from the conference were subjected to peer technical review. The views expressed are those of the presenters. Cover photo: Biscuit Fire, Siskiyou National Forest, 2002. -
Attachment B.Pdf
Attachment B IIIIIITIIIIIIII Alrfitffir f- rl David James, Wildfire Resiliency Plan Mgr September 2019 Attachment B Avista lnternal Work Product Report Summary ln June of 2019, a series of wildfire workshops were convened to evaluate opportunities to reduce the risk of wildfire associated with Avista's transmission and distribution systems. Those workshops together with consideration from the Wildfire Steering Committee and the broaderWildfire SME community serve to inform "Avista's Wildfire Resiliency Plan". This document is a summary of the effort to date and includes preliminary recommendations for systems & practices along with modifications to existing maintenance & construction programs The stated goals of the Wildfire Resiliency Plan are: o Enhance Emergency Operation Preparedness: to recognize wildfire as a recurring threat to utility infrastructure, the communities we serve, and our customers. o Promote Safety: to protect physical assets, property, and human lives. To manage the risk of wildfire through design-based, system operations, asset maintenance, and outreach activities. o Safeguard Company Assets: to mitigate the impact of direct financial costs and liability exposure associated with large-scale wildfire events. ln addition to these objectives, a model-framework was identified to promote a comprehensive approach to wildfire risk. The elements of the model include: Planning System Operations & Weather & Fire Risk Regulatory & lndustry Maintenance Monitoring EOP Response System Hardening Situational Awareness Utility lndustry Engagement lnsurance Review Vegetation Management Performance Metrics Partnering with Fire Protection Agencies Risk Monitoring Fire Resiliency Legislative Opportunities 'Ops Toolkit' Communications Plan & Commission Engagement Outreach Plan Hemenfs addressed in this report The table below summarizes the risk cost reduction (risk savings) associated with transmission and distribution treatment options. -
Office of Governor Kate Brown
23 Oregon’s economy continues to do well. Businesses are growing, unemployment is low, and wages are increasing. However, not all Oregonians are enjoying this prosperity equally. We need to be diligent champions of diversity, equity, and inclusion in our work, in our communities, and in our regions. The foundation of the Regional Solutions program recognizes that Oregon is comprised of many different economies and tailors the state’s support to create thriving communities across the state. Regional Solutions staff live and work in the communities they serve, making sure state agencies work together efficiently and collaborate with local partners. The staff work with a grassroots approach powered by the ability to cross-cut agencies to assist businesses, local governments, and partners to get things done. They work on the nuts and bolts of economic development: streamlining permits, advising on land use, and building partnerships between the private, public, and philanthropic sectors. We see the results when businesses grow and things get built: transportation networks, water systems, broadband, homes, innovation centers, and more. That leads to not just more jobs, but better jobs across the state. This is how we support sustained growth rooted in our local communities and their plans to support economic vitality. With the impressive bench strength of the Regional Solutions staff, I give special assignments that move the needle for initiatives of state wide significance. In 2018, Regional Solutions took on workforce housing. Today, we are partnering in communities across the state on five housing pilots that will inform solutions that innovatively address this important issue. -
A Water Year to Remember: Fire to Flood Reflections
A Water Year to Remember: Fire to Flood Reflections Panelists: Jeremy Lancaster Supervising Engineering Geologist California Geological Survey Rachael Orellana Flood Risk Program Manager U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Tom Fayram Deputy Director County of Santa Barbara Pubic Works Department Moderator: Melissa Weymiller Jon Frey Project Manager Engineering Manager Flood Risk Management Program Santa Barbara County U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Flood Control District A Water Year to Remember: Fire and Flood Reflections Floodplain Management Association Annual Conference Reno, Nevada Wednesday, 2018 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Jeremy Lancaster – Sup. Engineering Geologist California Geological Survey 2017 Wildfires – Historic Context California Wildfires Years over 1 million acres since 1987 Year Fires Acres 2017 9,133 1,248,606 2008 6,255 1,593,690 2007 6,043 1,520,362 1999 11,125 1,172,850 1987‐2016 average: 555,700 acres Source: CAL FIRE http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/radarArchive.php Post‐Wildfire Hazards to Life and Property PHYSICAL HAZARD EXPOSURE CHEMICAL HAZARD EXPOSURE • Flooding – 2 to 3 Times the • Incinerated household and Water industrial waste • Debris Flow – 20 Foot thick • Runoff laden with toxic soil boulder laden surge fronts • Degradation of water quality • Rockfall – Can be triggered by wind after a fire! • Hazard Trees – They fall on things! Public knowledge of these hazards generally lacking! Atlas Fire Napa/Solano Counties January 9, 2018; 5pm 2.6 inches, January 8‐ 10 • 1 Death ‐ debris slide/debris flow on CA‐121 ~5pm at Wooden Valley Road • CA‐121 Closed for one day Detwiler Fire March 22, 2018; 6:15p Mariposa County • 2 Deaths • 2 Residences flooded • High School flooded • Elementary School flooded • 11 Roadway Crossings Flooded Slinkard Fire May 21, 2018; 6:27p Mono County • U.S.