DOCSLIB.ORG

Historic Structure Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historic Structure Report National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site 526 Auburn Avenue Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site Historic Structure Report Cultural Resources, Partnerships, and Science Division Southeast Region 526 Auburn Avenue Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site Historic Structure Report May 2017 Prepared by: WLA Studio SBC+H Architects Palmer Engineering Under the direction of National Park Service Southeast Regional Offi ce Cultural Resources, Partnerships, & Science Division The report presented here exists in two formats. A printed version is available for study at the park, the Southeastern Regional Offi ce of the National Park Service, and at a variety of other repositories. For more widespread access, this report also exists in a web-based format through ParkNet, the website of the National Park Service. Please visit www.nps. gov for more information. Cultural Resources, Partnerships, & Science Division Southeast Regional Offi ce National Park Service 100 Alabama Street, SW Atlanta, Georgia 30303 (404)507-5847 Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site 450 Auburn Avenue, NE Atlanta, GA 30312 www.nps.gov/malu About the cover: View of 526 Auburn Avenue, 2016. 526 Auburn Avenue Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site Historic Structure Report Approved By : Superintendent, Date Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site Recommended By : Chief, Cultural Resource, Partnerships & Science Division Date Southeast Region Recommended By : Deputy Regional Director, Date Southeast Region Approved By : Regional Director, Date Southeast Region Page intentionally left blank. Table of Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................ xiii Management Summary ....................................................................................................................................1 Project Team ........................................................................................................................................................1 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................2 Purpose and Scope ......................................................................................................................................2 Historical Overview ......................................................................................................................................2 Statement of Significance ............................................................................................................................3 Project Methodology ...................................................................................................................................3 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................................4 Administrative Data .....................................................................................................................................6 Locational Data ...........................................................................................................................................6 Related NPS Studies ....................................................................................................................................6 Real Property Information ............................................................................................................................7 Size Information ..........................................................................................................................................7 Cultural Resource Data ................................................................................................................................7 Proposed Treatment ....................................................................................................................................7 I.A Historical Background and Context ...................................................................................................9 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................9 Founding and Growth of Atlanta ................................................................................................................... 11 Reconstruction ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Race Riot of 1906 ............................................................................................................................................ 17 The Emerging Middle Class in Atlanta ........................................................................................................... 18 Decline of Sweet Auburn ................................................................................................................................ 20 Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement ............................................................................... 22 Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site ................................................................................................ 24 I.B Chronology of Development and Use ........................................................................................... 27 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 27 Early Occupants and the Kirk Family .............................................................................................................. 28 NPS Ownership................................................................................................................................................. 31 Timeline ............................................................................................................................................................ 34 I.C Physical Description .................................................................................................................................. 37 The Old Fourth Ward and Martin Luther King, Jr. Historic Site ................................................................... 37 526 Auburn Avenue: The Site ........................................................................................................................ 38 A Prototype House ........................................................................................................................................... 38 526 Auburn Avenue: The House .................................................................................................................... 39 National Park Service v Structural Systems .................................................................................................................................. 42 Utilities ..................................................................................................................................................... 44 Exterior Features ....................................................................................................................................... 46 Windows and Doors ................................................................................................................................. 46 Porches and Steps .................................................................................................................................... 48 Interior Features ...................................................................................................................................... 49 Storage Room 001 .................................................................................................................................. 49 Hall 002 ................................................................................................................................................... 50 Storage Room 003 .................................................................................................................................. 51 Unfinished Room 004............................................................................................................................... 52 Entry Hall 101 .......................................................................................................................................... 54 Room 102 (Parlor) .................................................................................................................................... 56 Stair Hall 103 ........................................................................................................................................... 57 Room 104 (Dining Room) ......................................................................................................................... 58 Hall 105 ................................................................................................................................................... 59 Room 106 ................................................................................................................................................ 60 Storage
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Atlanta Preservation Center's
    THE ATLANTA PRESERVATION CENTER’S Phoenix2017 Flies A CELEBRATION OF ATLANTA’S HISTORIC SITES FREE CITY-WIDE EVENTS PRESERVEATLANTA.COM Welcome to Phoenix Flies ust as the Grant Mansion, the home of the Atlanta Preservation Center, was being constructed in the mid-1850s, the idea of historic preservation in America was being formulated. It was the invention of women, specifically, the ladies who came J together to preserve George Washington’s Mount Vernon. The motives behind their efforts were rich and complicated and they sought nothing less than to exemplify American character and to illustrate a national identity. In the ensuing decades examples of historic preservation emerged along with the expanding roles for women in American life: The Ladies Hermitage Association in Nashville, Stratford in Virginia, the D.A.R., and the Colonial Dames all promoted preservation as a mission and as vehicles for teaching contributive citizenship. The 1895 Cotton States and International Exposition held in Piedmont Park here in Atlanta featured not only the first Pavilion in an international fair to be designed by a woman architect, but also a Colonial Kitchen and exhibits of historic artifacts as well as the promotion of education and the arts. Women were leaders in the nurture of the arts to enrich American culture. Here in Atlanta they were a force in the establishment of the Opera, Ballet, and Visual arts. Early efforts to preserve old Atlanta, such as the Leyden Columns and the Wren’s Nest were the initiatives of women. The Atlanta Preservation Center, founded in 1979, was championed by the Junior League and headed by Eileen Rhea Brown.
    [Show full text]
  • REGIONAL RESOURCE PLAN Contents Executive Summary
    REGIONAL RESOURCE PLAN Contents Executive Summary ................................................................5 Summary of Resources ...........................................................6 Regionally Important Resources Map ................................12 Introduction ...........................................................................13 Areas of Conservation and Recreational Value .................21 Areas of Historic and Cultural Value ..................................48 Areas of Scenic and Agricultural Value ..............................79 Appendix Cover Photo: Sope Creek Ruins - Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area/ Credit: ARC Tables Table 1: Regionally Important Resources Value Matrix ..19 Table 2: Regionally Important Resources Vulnerability Matrix ......................................................................................20 Table 3: Guidance for Appropriate Development Practices for Areas of Conservation and Recreational Value ...........46 Table 4: General Policies and Protection Measures for Areas of Conservation and Recreational Value ................47 Table 5: National Register of Historic Places Districts Listed by County ....................................................................54 Table 6: National Register of Historic Places Individually Listed by County ....................................................................57 Table 7: Guidance for Appropriate Development Practices for Areas of Historic and Cultural Value ............................77 Table 8: General Policies
    [Show full text]
  • Raise the Curtain
    JAN-FEB 2016 THEAtlanta OFFICIAL VISITORS GUIDE OF AtLANTA CoNVENTI ON &Now VISITORS BUREAU ATLANTA.NET RAISE THE CURTAIN THE NEW YEAR USHERS IN EXCITING NEW ADDITIONS TO SOME OF AtLANTA’S FAVORITE ATTRACTIONS INCLUDING THE WORLDS OF PUPPETRY MUSEUM AT CENTER FOR PUPPETRY ARTS. B ARGAIN BITES SEE PAGE 24 V ALENTINE’S DAY GIFT GUIDE SEE PAGE 32 SOP RTS CENTRAL SEE PAGE 36 ATLANTA’S MUST-SEA ATTRACTION. In 2015, Georgia Aquarium won the TripAdvisor Travelers’ Choice award as the #1 aquarium in the U.S. Don’t miss this amazing attraction while you’re here in Atlanta. For one low price, you’ll see all the exhibits and shows, and you’ll get a special discount when you book online. Plan your visit today at GeorgiaAquarium.org | 404.581.4000 | Georgia Aquarium is a not-for-profit organization, inspiring awareness and conservation of aquatic animals. F ATLANTA JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2016 O CONTENTS en’s museum DR D CHIL ENE OP E Y R NEWL THE 6 CALENDAR 36 SPORTS OF EVENTS SPORTS CENTRAL 14 Our hottest picks for Start the year with NASCAR, January and February’s basketball and more. what’S new events 38 ARC AROUND 11 INSIDER INFO THE PARK AT our Tips, conventions, discounts Centennial Olympic Park on tickets and visitor anchors a walkable ring of ATTRACTIONS information booth locations. some of the city’s best- It’s all here. known attractions. Think you’ve already seen most of the city’s top visitor 12 NEIGHBORHOODS 39 RESOURCE Explore our neighborhoods GUIDE venues? Update your bucket and find the perfect fit for Attractions, restaurants, list with these new and improved your interests, plus special venues, services and events in each ’hood.
    [Show full text]
  • The Atlanta Constitution Circulation
    CIRCULATION CIRCULATION LA*T »imi>AT. 47,885 THE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION 49,425 Omar mm* Smmtmf. carrier tttl-nrr, U orata Vol. XLVUJ. — No. 158. ATLANTA. QA., SATUBDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 20, 1915.—FOURTEEN PAGES. MBKl* c*»i«» «• the atrMta and at »ew« •(•Mete fi e*Bt»> Ca/f'forn/afis and Af/anfans Georgia Woman Is Declared SERBS BEATEN TO PIECES Gossip Over the Telephone Best Farmer in the Southeast At Opening of New Service BY CORONER'S JURY BETWEEN BULGAR HAMMER Across the desert, over the Kockle IN LETTING BABE DIE ANB THE TEUTONIC ANVIL and through western plains last nigh there came contributions to the enter- HARVEST FESTIVAL tainment presented by the Southern Six Physicians, After Hear- Bell Telephone and Telegraph company to 250 city and state officials and busi ness men at the chamber of commerce ing Evidence, Hold Dr. Almost Trapped, the Serb- hall. Haiselden Was Morally DAVIS IS RUN DOWN ians Must Fight Greatly WILL CLOSE TODAY It waa the official opening of Atlanta extension of the transconti- and Ethically Right in Re- nental telephone service, that reaches Superior Forces- or Retire from New York to San Francisco. At- fusing to Operate. AND KjUffl BY to Montenegro, Albania or WITH GREAT FROLIC lanta sat and gossiped with San Fran- cisco about the fair, the weather, cur- rent topics and personal amtters. Greece. Chicago came in, too, and so dl( Smoke Prevented Motor- Denver and Salt Lake City and a II tU RIGHT FOR A PHYSICIAN Indications Are That Today unheard-of town out in Nevada, named man From Seeing Man on Wlnnemucca.
    [Show full text]
  • OBJ (Application/Pdf)
    COMMUNITY BUILDING IN ATLANTA: THE PITTSBURGH / RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY, 1883-1930 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY RAYMOND F. GORDON DEPARTMENT OF AFRO-AMERICAN STUDIES ATLANTA, GEORGIA AUGUST 1977 T - A-2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES iii LIST OF MAPS iv INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter I. GENERAL BACKGROUND—ATLANTA1S GROWTH DURING THE POST-RECONSTRUCTION ERA 2 II. THE PITTSBURGH RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY: THE FORMATION OF A BLACK COMMUNITY, 1883-1930 10 III. THE INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF THE PITTSBURGH RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY 23 CONCLUSION 37 BIBLIOGRAPHY 40 i i LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Pittsburgh Residential Community Population, 1883-1930 . 13 2. Pittsburgh Residential Community Migrant Popula¬ tion, 1900-1910 17 3. Pittsburgh Residential Community Occupational Structure, 1910 18 4. Pittsburgh Residential Community Occupational Structure, 1920 19 5. Pittsburgh Residential Community Occupational Structure, 1930 19 6. Pittsburgh Residential Community Black Property Owners 22 iii LIST OF MAPS Map Page 1. Atlanta's Black Communities 8 2. Residences Occupied by Blacks and Whites in the Pittsburgh Residential Community, 1890 14 3. Residences Occupied by Blacks and Whites in the Pittsburgh Residential Community, 1900 15 4. Residences Occupied by Blacks and Whites in the Pittsburgh Residential Community, 1910 16 5. Black Residential Areas, 1890 25 6. Black Residential Areas, 1920 26 7. The Pittsburgh Residential Community 30 INTRODUCTION The economic progress of Blacks in Atlanta's earliest periods of growth and development was the result of a vigorous drive on the part of leading black and white citizens to bring about a better working relation¬ ship between these two groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Station No. 6 Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church and School
    North FREEDOM PARKWAY To Carter Center 0 20 100 Meters From Freedom Parkway, turn south onto Boulevard 0 100 500 Feet and follow signs to parking lot. Cain Street Boulevard John Wesley Dobbs Avenue International Boulevard Parking lot John Wesley Dobbsentrance Avenue Butler Street Exit Ellis Street NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE BOUNDARY PRESERVATION DISTRICT BOUNDARY PARKING John Wesley Dobbs Avenue Irwin Street Irwin Street Butler Street Courtland Street Piedmont Avenue Big Bethel African National Park Service Alexander Hamilton, Jr., Methodist Episcopal Visitor Center Home 450 Auburn Ave. The visitor center 102 Howell St. Built 1890-95. This Church Fort Street has exhibits, a video program, and elegant house, whose architectural Hilliard Street John Wesley Dobbs Avenue 220 Auburn Ave. Built 1890s; re- Hogue Street built 1924. The church’s most prom- a schedule of park activities. details include a Palladian window Rucker Building National Park Service personnel and Corinthian columns, was home 158-60 Auburn Ave. Completed inent feature, the “Jesus Saves” sign on the steeple, was added when provide information and answer to Atlanta’s leading black building Atlanta Life Insurance 1904. Atlanta’s first black office questions. contractor in the early 1900s. building was constructed by busi- the structure was rebuilt after a Double “Shotgun” Company Building PROMENADE nessman and politician Henry A. 1920 fire. Row Houses 148 Auburn Ave. Completed 1920; Rucker. The King Center annex (142 Auburn) built 1936. From The Martin Luther King, Jr., Center 472-488 Auburn Ave. Built in 1905 Prince Hall Masonic for Empire Textile Company mill 1920 to 1980, this was the head- for Nonviolent Social Change, Inc., Jackson Street quarters of the country’s largest workers.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORIC DISTRICT INFORMATION FORM (HDIF) Revised June 2015
    HISTORIC DISTRICT INFORMATION FORM (HDIF) Revised June 2015 INSTRUCTIONS: Use this form for a National Register nomination for a district such as a residential neighborhood, downtown commercial area, or an entire city. If you are nominating an individual building or a small complex of buildings such as a farm or a school campus, use the Historic Property Information Form (HPIF). The information called for by this form is required for a National Register nomination and is based on the National Park Service’s National Register Bulletin: How to Complete the National Register Registration Form. Therefore, the information must be provided to support a request for a National Register nomination. You may use this form on your computer and insert information at the appropriate places. This form is available online at www.georgiashpo.org, or by e-mail from the Historic Preservation Division (HPD). Submit the information on a CD or DVD in Word format (not pdf) and send a hard copy. Make sure you include all requested information. This will greatly expedite the processing of your nomination and avoid HPD from having to ask for it. Information requested in this HDIF is necessary to document the district to National Register standards and will be incorporated into the final National Register form prepared by HPD’s staff. If you wish to use the official National Register nomination form instead of this form, please contact the National Register Program Manager at the Historic Preservation Division for direction; be advised that if you use the official National Register form, you must include all of the information and support documentation called for on this HDIF and submit Section 1 of the HDIF.
    [Show full text]
  • Black History Itinerary
    Black History Tour Tour Length: Half Day (4hrs) Number of Stops to explore: 2-3 Tour allows time to take photos and explore on your own Downtown Atlanta • Olympic Torch & Olympic Rings • Olympic Stadium & Turner Field & Fulton County Stadium • Fulton Court House & Government Center • Atlanta City Hall • Georgia State Capitol Building • Underground Atlanta • Mercedes Benz Dome/Phillips Arena/CNN Center • Famous TV/Movie Locations • Woodruff Park Historic West End (Atlanta’s Oldest Neighborhood) • Tyler Perry Studios/Famous Madea House • West End Historic Homes • The Wren's Nest • Historic West Hunter Baptist Church • Hammond House & Museum • Willie Watkins Funeral Home • Shrine Of The Black Madonna Bookstore & Culture Center • HBCU (Atlanta University Center) Vine City (One of Atlanta’s Oldest Black Neighborhoods) • Charles A. Harper Park • Washington Park (Atlanta’s 1st Black City Park) • Booker T. Washington High School (Atlanta’s 1st Black Public High School) • Martin Luther King Jr, Drive (2nd Major Black Atlanta Avenue of Black Businesses) • Paschal's Restaurant and Hotel (Civil Rights Headquarters/Black City Hall) • Busy Bee’s Soul Food Restaurant • Historic Sunset Avenue Neighborhood (Civil Rights Foot Soldiers Residence) • Historic Herndon Home Mansion & Museum • Historic Friendship Baptist Church Historic Castleberry Hills • New Paschal’s Restaurant & H.J. Russell Headquarters • Castleberry Hill Mural Wall • Old Lady Gang Restaurant (RHOA Kandi Burress) • Famous Movie Location Sweet Auburn Avenue (Atlanta’s Most famous Black Neighborhood) • Mary Combs • Atlanta Daily World • Atlanta Life Insurance • The APEX Museum • The Royal Peacock • Historic Big Bethel A.M.E Church • Hanley’s Funeral Home/Auburn Curb Market • Famous TV/Movie Locations • Historic Wheat Street Baptist • SCLC Headquarters/W.E.R.D Radio/Madam CJ Walker Museum • The King Center/Historic Ebenezer Baptist Church/Birth Home/Fire Station #6 Black History Tour .
    [Show full text]
  • Downtown Atlanta Available Sites
    Downtown Atlanta Available Sites CURRENTLY ON THE MARKET South Downtown 1. Ted Turner Drive at Whitehall Street – Artisan Yards Atlanta, GA 30303 Multi-parcel assemblage under single ownership 9.86 AC (429,502 SF) lot Contact: Bruce Gallman at [email protected] 2. 175-181 Peachtree St SW - Vacant Land/Parking Lot Land of 0.25 AC. Site adjoins Garnett MARTA Station, for sale, lease, or will develop, key corner with 110" frontage on Peachtree St. and 100' frontage on Trinity Ave. For sale at $2,240,000 ($8,712,563/AC) John Paris, Paris Properties at (404) 763-4411 and [email protected] 3. Broad St/Mitchell Street Assemblage 111 Broad Street, SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 (3,648 s.f.) 115 Broad Street, SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 (3,072 s.f.) 185 Mitchell Street, SW, Atlanta, GA 30303 (5,228 s.f.) Parking Lot on Mitchell Street, SW - Between 185 & 191 Mitchell Street 191 Mitchell Street, SW, Atlanta, GA. 30303 (2,645 s.f.) For sale at $3.6 million Contact Dave Aynes, Broker / Investor, (404) 348-4448 X2 (p) or [email protected] 4. 207-211 Peachtree St Atlanta, GA For Sale at $1,050,000 ($35.02/SF) 29,986 SF Retail Freestanding Building Built in 1915 Contact: Herbert Greene, Jr. (404) 589-3599 (p) or [email protected] 5. 196 Peachtree Street Atlanta, GA 19,471 SF Retail Storefront Retail/Office Building Built in 1970 For Sale at $5 million ($256.79/SF) Contact: Herbert Greene, Jr. (404) 589-3599 (p) or [email protected] 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Phoenix Flies Program3.Indd
    Phoenix Flies A Citywide Celebration of Living Landmarks March 5-20, 2011 More than 150 FREE events throughout Atlanta www.PhoenixFlies.org About The Phoenix Flies he phoenix is a mythical, flying creature that is born from the ashes of its own incineration. Like this powerful creature, so too was Atlanta reborn from her ashes. The phoenix has been a part of Atlanta’s seal and served as her symbol since 1887. In creat- March 2011 Ting a celebration of Atlanta’s living historic fabric, The Atlanta Preservation Dear Friends of Phoenix Flies, Center again looked to this magical creature. The Phoenix Flies: A Celebration of Living Landmarks was created in 2003 by Our City is the product of the efforts of those who have gone before us The Atlanta Preservation Center as a way to celebrate the 25th anniversary and those who make the successes of today stand on their shoulders. of the dramatic rescue of the Fox Theatre, an event that changed Atlanta’s Atlanta is rich with the evidence of this continuing process, from the preservation outlook forever. Since that time surviving names on our original street grid of the mid-19th century to the Modernist architecture of the 1960s, we have much material This March and the celebration has won an Award of Excel- that illustrates the various epochs in the life of our city. The Atlanta in the following lence from the Atlanta Urban Design Com- Preservation Center, through its mission of preserving Atlanta’s historic mission, a Preservation Award from the Geor- and culturally significant buildings, neighborhoods and landscapes, has months take time gia Trust for Historic Preservation, presented been dedicated through advocacy and education to the survival and to explore what over 1,000 events and provided a better un- celebration of this heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • The Atlanta Historical Journal
    The Atlanta Historical journal Biiekhed UE(fATCKJ„=.._ E<vsf\Poio.<f J Summer/Fall Volume XXVI Number 2-3 The Atlanta Historical Journal Urban Structure, Atlanta Timothy J. Crimmins Dana F. White Guest Editor Guest Editor Ann E. Woodall Editor Map Design by Brian Randall Richard Rothman & Associates Volume XXVI, Numbers 2-3 Summer-Fall 1982 Copyright 1982 by Atlanta Historical Society, Inc. Atlanta, Georgia Cover: The 1895 topographical map of Atlanta and vicinity serves as the background on which railroads and suburbs are highlighted. From the original three railroads of the 1840s evolved the configuration of 1895; since that time, suburban expansion and highway development have dramatically altered the landscape. The layering of Atlanta's metropolitan environment is the focus of this issue. (Courtesy of the Sur­ veyor General, Department of Archives and History, State of Georgia) Funds for this issue were provided by the Research Division of the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Alumni Association of Georgia State University, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and the University Research Committee of Emory University. Additional copies of this number may be obtained from the Society at a cost of $7.00 per copy. Please send checks made payable to the Atlanta Historical Society to 3101 Andrews Dr. N.W., Atlanta, Georgia, 30305. TABLE OF CONTENTS Urban Structure, Atlanta: An Introduction By Dana F. White and Timothy J. Crimmins 6 Part I The Atlanta Palimpsest: Stripping Away the Layers of the Past By Timothy J. Crimmins 13 West End: Metamorphosis from Suburban Town to Intown Neighborhood By Timothy J.
    [Show full text]
  • South Downtown Atlanta, Georgia
    NEIGHBORHOOD IDENTITY AND PLACEMAKING SOUTH DOWNTOWN ATLANTA, GEORGIA NEIGHBORHOOD IDENTITY AND PLACEMAKING TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION South Downtown Overview .......................................................... 6 RESEARCH General Research ............................................................................. 9 Historical Significance .................................................................. 10 Challenges and Strategy ............................................................... 12 Central Goal ................................................................................... 13 Logo.................................................................................................. 14 PLACEMAKING Proposals .........................................................................................17 Placemaking .................................................................................... 18 Beautification ................................................................................. 26 Community Event ......................................................................... 38 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 41 4 introduction 5 SOUTH DOWNTOWN 2 OVERVIEW 3 South Downtown is considered to be the area south of Five 6 Points. Alabama Street marks the northern boundary, Ted 1 Turner Drive marks the western edge, and the I-20 and I-85 4 corridors mark the eastern and southern boundaries. 5 The area is also home to the Georgia State Capitol and
    [Show full text]