“Solid Waste Management in cross-border rural and coastal areas of South Eastern European region” Final conference June 2016 Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment

Collected Municipal Waste (t/y) Non-

Compliant

Collected Seasonal Tourism

Landfills

Waste ((t/y) (t/y)

Impacts Environmental Environmental

Municipal Waste Not Sources Problems Collected (t/y)

Illegal

Dumps

Tourism Waste (Not Waste generation Waste

Collected (t/y) currents) sea (rivers, hways Impacts

Economic Pat Recycled Packaging Waste Reduced Impacts ((t/y) Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment: Adriatic Coast Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment Impacting and Impacted Municipalities

Pilot Impacted by Impacting Municipality Albania Lezhe Not Impacted High impact for Mljet and Slivno Upstream communities along the Drin River before the Vau I Dejes Moderate impact for Mljet and Slivno Vau I Dejes HPP because the Buna / River is creating the High impact for Mljet, Slivno and Ulcinj Shkoder border (Buna / Neretva Delta) Shkoder, because the Buna / Bojana River is creating the Moderate impact for Shkoder, high Ulcinj border impact for Mljet and Slivno Bar Not impacted Not impacting Low impact from municipalities located in the south - Herceg Novi Low impact for Mljet and Slivno Shkoder, Vau I Dejes, Lezhe and Ulcinj (by sea currents) Neum Not impacted Not impacting Croatia BiH municipalities located outside the pilot region (by Neretva); Shkoder, Slivno Not impacting Vau I Dejes, Lezhe and Ulcinj (by sea currents) Mljet Shkoder, Vau I Dejes, Lezhe and Ulcinj Not impacting Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment

• Environmental Impacts: Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment Economic impacts: • Lost revenues from tourism • Costs for Cleaning Coasts Total Lost Pilot revenues revenues Municipality (EUR/year) (EUR/year) Country Unit Costs/km Length of Total costs bathing beach beaches (Km) (EUR) Albania (EUR) Lezhe 214,502,097 5,362,552 Albania 5,878 56.5 332,107 Vau I Dejes 46,998,707 1,174,968 Montenegro 7,054 34.6 244,068 Shkoder 678,128,672 16,953,217 BiH 5,094 15 76,410 Montenegro Croatia 16,067 85 1,365,695 Ulcinj 100,583,600 2,514,590 Total Region 2,018,280 Bar 121,984,300 3,049,608 Herceg Novi 163,587,400 4,089,685 • Costs for Cleaning Illegal Dumps Bosnia and Herzegovina Approximately 31,131 tons of waste are not collected Neum 26,551,136 663,778 Assuming a unit price of 50 EUR/ton for collection, Croatia the annual costs for cleaning the illegal dumps are Slivno 15,811,700 395,293 estimated at around 1,556,550 EUR. Mljet 9,867,000 246,675 Total Pilot Region 1,378,014,612 34,450,365 Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment: Sharra Region Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment Environmental Impacts

• Water pollution; • Threats to the riverine wildlife (Drini E Bardhe and Lepenec) • Destruction of protected areas: Lumi i Gashit in Tropoja; Lugina e Valbones in Tropoja; Tej Drini i Bardhe in Has; Korab-Koritnik; Sharr National Park. • Affected natural and tourist resources in the Sharra Region: - Kukes: Valbona valley, canyons of Gryka e Gashit and Shishtavec, the skiing station of Shishtaves, the tower houses of Arren, Lake Fierze; - Dragas, Prizren and Strpce: Sharr National Park; Brezovica ski centre; - Tearce and Jegunovce: Sharra Mountain. Economic Impact Assessment • Cleaning of illegal dumps: Waste Not Collected Unit Price for Clean Up Total Clean Up Costs (EUR/ton (tons/annum) (EURO/ton) 10,569 50 529,000

• Cleaning of debris Fierze Lake:

Country Unit Costs/km bathing Length of beaches Total costs (EUR) beach (EUR) (Km) Albania 5,878 80 470,240 • Loss of power generation due to floating debris

Estimated loss coefficient Power generation in (kWh) 0,25% 0,50% 0,75% 1,00% 1,25% 1,50% 523.000.000 1,307,500 2,615,000 3,922,500 5,230,000 6,537,500 7,845,000 Price (EUR/KWh) 0.00718757 0.00718757 0.00718757 0.00718757 0.00718757 0.00718757 Financial loss (EUR) 9,398 18,795 28,193 37,591 46,989 56,386 Contributions Floating Debris • Impacting and Impacted Municipalities:

Contribution of pilot municipalities to the floating waste generation in the Vardar River 3.000

2.500

2.000

1.500

1.000

500

0 Prizren Strpce Tearce Jegunovce Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment: Tara-Drina-Sava Region The Sources of Floating Debris The Sources of Floating Debris: Illegal Dumpsites Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment Environmental Impacts

• Water pollution • Threats to the riverine wildlife (Drina River and its right tributaries Cehotina, Lim, , Rzav and Jadar, the left tributaries Sutjeska, Praca and Dranjaca • Destruction of protected areas: Durmitor National Park in Montenegro, Sutjeska National Park in Bosnia and the Tara National Park in • Endangered riverine ecosystems: Salmonidae family with Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) and Brown trout (Salmo trutta) by the floating waste and wood filings, (which are thrown from sawmills located in the catchment), entering the gills of fish • Human health problems in terms of potential injuries of people by sharp objects at the beaches and settled at the bottom of the reservoirs Potpec, Visegrad, Bajina Basta and Zvornik Economic impacts

Cleaning illegal dumpsites Waste Not Collected Unit Price for Clean Up Total Clean Up Costs (tons/annum) (EURO/ton) (EUR/annum) 99,363 50 4,968,150

Cleaning Floating Debris at Reservoirs Lost and Revenues from Power Generation • Total loss at the Zvornik HPP is in the range of 366,000 EUR a year. • Total loss at the Bajina Basta HPP is in the range of 1,160,000 EUR a year. • Total loss at the Potpeć HPP is in the range of 170,000 EUR a year. ISWM Model (All Regions) ISWM Models Problem Solution Scarce information on the amounts, Regional monitoring system of beach marine composition and spatial distribution of floating litter based on the Marine Litter Watch protocol debris / marine litter Incomprehensive municipal and hence national  Develop and implement regionally statistics harmonised methods for: o waste sampling analyses o determination of the waste collection service coverage,  Create inventories of illegal dumpsites upon the clean-up campaigns using the mobile application “TrashOut” and joining the initiative “Let`s Do It World”;  Exploit clean-up campaigns are a formidable tool to raise public awareness;  Strengthen enforcement against illegal waste dumping following the clean-up events.  Set a mechanism for regional cooperation towards harmonising and synchronising the implementation of these methodologies ISWM Models Problem Solution Insufficient waste management practices in the  Carefully plan the rural waste collection system by: majority of pilot municipalities, constituting the root o Setting convenient collection routes, cause for the generation of marine litter: o Establish suitable collection points for mobile • lack of organisational and financial capacity of or fixed transfer of waste delivered by the operators to cover remote rural areas with an citizens or local community elected waste organised waste collection service; collection agents; • littering habits of population (and tourists) due to o Plan the collection schedule (travel time per a the low awareness on deriving adverse route and frequency of collection) environmental and economic impacts; o Plan the required resources (containers, refuse • lack of responsiveness to newly introduced waste vehicles, staff, fuel) segregation practice in some municipalities;  Establish “door-to-door” waste collection system • insufficient enforcement. in rural areas not covered by the service; initiate primary waste segregation upon the start-up of operations;  Implement public awareness campaigns to foster the acceptance of the new service, including the primary waste segregation;  Invite the private sector to take over segregated recyclables from the collection points; Rural waste collection: Adriatic Coast Rural Waste Collection Ulcinj Rural Transfer Station https://www.h-gac.com/community/solid-waste-management/documents/guide_to_developing_community_solid_waste_facilities.pdf Rural Waste Collection - Ulcinj

ROUTE 1 (GREEN) minutes Location Loc. km to between No. 1 2 3 4 5 No. Location location locations a - garage to route time, e- time to drive 1 3.74 9.35 a+e to garage at the end of the trip 15 0 0 0 15 2 dolna kleznja 7.89 9.47 N Number of locations 1 1 1 1 1 transfer st. near 2980.7 3 Sas 4.12 4.12 Wg Waste generation per location (kg) 396.01 125.69 7 532.67 0 mide Wsw Waste specific weight 98 98 98 98 98 sas CR Compaction ratio 3 3 3 3 3 Collection time per location or stodra bc pickup+put down time (min) 15 15 15 15 0 kravari bkm Time to drive between location (min) 9.4 9.5 4.1 5.2 17.22 ostros Disposal time and trip back to collection d route 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 4 4.32 5.19 е In/out garage 10 0 0 0 10 5 tr st. to Mzura 14.35 17.22 f+g Off route time (15% of day) 0 0 0 0 72 bkm 28.13 c Number of trips per week 1 1 1 1 1 Tot b YLOC Total collection time per location 49.4 24.5 19.1 20.2 144.2 (bkm+bc) 73.13 Y Total collection time (min) 257.3 Rural Waste Collection Ulcinj Number of containers and trucks needed in Orange route Truck volume needed Waste at No. of containers Collection points location needed Zoganj 396.01 4 Dolna kleznja 125.69 1 Transfer stanica 2980.77 30 Vol=Tot waste/specific Krute 532.67 5 weight/compact ratio Total waste 4035.127 40 13.72

Costs km EUR/week EUR/m Truck (diesel engine) 34.42 6.14 24.58

TOTAL COSTS ULCINJ (GREEN AND ORANGE ROUTE) • 71 containers of 1.1m3 volume = 24,850 EUR . • One truck of 15m3 volume = 70,000 EUR; • Staff of 3 persons (one driver and two loaders) will be engaged 10 hours a week; • The monthly costs of fuel =75 EUR; • Door-to-door collection costs = 400-500 EUR per waste collection agent a month Rural waste collection: Sharra Region Rural Waste Collection (Routing Dragas) Rural Waste Collection (Dragas)

ROUTE 1 drag Location Waste minutes per between Loc No. month km to location locations 1 Mike 1932 3.59 4.33 2 Transfer st 1 38157 6.25 7.50 Globocice 20160 Krusheve 17997 Zli 12810 Restelice 98658 3 Transfer st 2 35028 16.3 19.64 Dikanc 2604 Brod 32424 4 Transfer st 3 42147 13.3 16.02 Leshtan 16443 Radesa 25704 5 Xerxe 4956 4 4.82 6 Kerstec 8820 12.4 14.89 7 Dragash landfill 8.5 10.20

bkm 77.40 Tot b (bkm+bc) 167.40 Rural Waste Collection (Dragas)

ROUTE 1 (Purple) Location No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

a - garage to route time, e- time to drive to garage at the end of the a+e trip 15 0 0 0 0 0 15 N Number of locations 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Wg Waste generation per location (kg) 483.00 9539.25 8757.00 10536.75 1239.00 2205.00 Wsw Waste specific weight 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 CR Compaction ratio 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 bc Collection time per location or pickup+put down time (min) 15 15 15 15 15 15 0 bkm Time to drive between location (min) 4.3 7.5 19.6 16.0 4.8 14.9 10.2 d Disposal time (time at landfill 30 min) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 d In/out garage 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 f+g Off route time (15% of day) 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 c Number of trips per month 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 YLOC Total collection time per location 44.3 22.5 34.6 31.0 19.8 29.9 137.2

Y Total collection time (min) 319.4 Rural Waste Collection (Dragas)

Number of containers needed & truck volume No. of Collection Waste at containers Frequency Collection points location needed Truck volume needed Mike 483.00 5 1.642857143 1 time a month Tr st 1 9539.25 97 32.44642857 3 times a week Tr st 2 8757.00 89 29.78571429 3 times a week Tr st 3 10536.75 108 35.83928571 3 times a week Xerxe 1239.00 13 4.214285714 2 times a month Kerstec 2205.00 23 7.5 1 time a week Total waste 32760.00 299 111.43

Costs km EUR/week EUR/m Truck (diesel engine) 64.34 8.49 33.97 Rural waste collection: Tara-Drina-Sava Region Concept of Rural Waste Collection ()

Transfer St. Waste PopulationWaste kg/day kg/week 223 156.1 1092.7 Đurašići 194 135.80 1092.70 80 56 392.00 379 265.30 1857.1 46 32.2 2249.10 Vrbovo 63 44.10 308.70 689.50 3341.80 Number of containers and truck`s volume needed No. of Truck Waste at containers volume Collection points location needed needed Transfer st: Vrbovo, , Karoševna, Seljašnica and 7,104 72 24 12m3 Costs km EUR/day EUR/m Truck (diesel engine) 60.74 10.84 325.26 Investment: Rural Waste Collection Total New truck`s Investment New volume Costs Bins Costs Tracks Transfer Transfer Municipality Bins (m3) (EUR) (EUR) Station (No) (EUR) Prijepolje 108 12 37,676 67,000 12 120,000 Sabac 205 12 71,890 67,000 15 150,000 Srebrenica 84 12 29,368 67,000 8 80,000 Visegrad 21 12 7,220 67,000 5 50,000 Rudo 25 10 8,608 60,000 6 60,000 Milici 44 12 15,508 67,000 7 70,000 Mali Zvornik 9 12 3,203 67,000 1 10,000 Pljevlja 24 12 8,252 67,000 7 70,000 Ljubovija 41 12 14,493 67,000 5 50,000 Ugljevik 99 12 34,758 67,000 5 50,000 33 12 11,638 67,000 4 40,000 Uzice 86 12 30,040 67,000 8 80,000 Zvornik 205 12 71,842 67,000 9 90,000 Bratunac 25 12 8,736 67,000 3 30,000 Bogatic 107 12 37,577 67,000 4 40,000 Bjeljina 193 12 67,543 67,000 10 100,000 Bajina Basta 31 12 10,853 67,000 6 60,000 Bjelo Polje 36 12 12,520 67,000 7 70,000 Gorazde 91 12 31,693 67,000 11 110,000 Krupanj 51 12 18,008 67,000 7 70,000 Loznica 186 12 65,205 67,000 9 90,000 Lopare 76 12 26,584 67,000 6 60,000 Total 1,781 262 623,210 1,467,000 155 1,550,000