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Eiropas Savienība Kā Tiesību Subjekts: Problēmas Un Risinājumi

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Eiropas Savienība Kā Tiesību Subjekts: Problēmas Un Risinājumi Renāte Fila EIROPAS SAVIENĪBA KĀ TIESĪBU SUBJEKTS: PROBLĒMAS UN RISINĀJUMI Promocijas darbs tiesību doktora zinātniskā grāda iegūšanai Specialitāte – juridiskās zinātnes Apakšnozare – starptautiskās tiesības Darba zinātniskais vadītājs: Dr. iur., asociētais profesors Jānis Grasis Promocijas darbs izstrādāts ar ESF līdzfinansēta projekta “Atbalsts doktorantiem studiju programmas apguvei un zinātniskā grāda ieguvei Rīgas Stradiņa universitātē”, vienošanās Nr.2009/0147/1DP/ 1.1.2.1.2/09/ IPIA/VIAA/009, atbalstu. Rīga, 2014 ANOTĀCIJA Promocijas darba mērķis ir izpētīt Eiropas Savienībā esošo starptautisko līgumattiecību administratīvi tiesiskos aspektus, kompleksi ar administratīvo tiesību avotu piemērošanas teorētisko un praktisko jautājumu izpēti, apzināt Eiropas Savienības jurisdikcijas apjomu, robežas un ar noteikto jurisdikciju saistītās problēmas un izstrādāt priekšlikumus, kas dotu iespēju precīzi norobežot valsts konstitūtiem piemītošās administratīvās tiesības no administratīvajām tiesībām, kuras starptautiskajās attiecībās pilnvarota īstenot starptautiska organizācija un tās konstitūti. Promocijas darbā ir ievads, piecas pamatdaļas, kuras ir sadalītās vairākās apakšnodaļās, secinājumi un priekšlikumi un izmantotās literatūras saraksts. Teorētisko un praktisko atziņu analīzes rezultāti ir atspoguļoti 8 (astoņos) attēlos. Darba ievadā tiek aplūkota pētāmās tēmas aktualitāte, tiek izskaidrots pētījuma mērķis, uzdevumi, pētījuma objekts un priekšmets, kā arī pētījumā izmantoto zinātnisko metožu pamatojums. Darba pirmo daļu veido administratīvi tiesisko attiecību noteikšanas un nostiprināšanas Eiropas Savienības pārvaldības sistēmā vēsturiskais apskats, saistīto tiesību aktu un zinātniskās literatūras analīze un starptautiskas organizācijas pārvaldības īpatnību noskaidrošana. Darba otrajā daļā tiek analizēti Eiropas Savienības administratīvi tiesisko attiecību struktūras elementi, t.i., izpētīti Eiropas Savienības subjekti, objekti un administratīvi tiesisko attiecību saturs, klasificēti šo administratīvi tiesisko attiecību veidi, apzināta to izplatība ekonomisko procesu ietekmē un sekas. Darba trešajā daļā tiek analizēta Eiropas Savienības tiesībsubjektība, līgumos noteikto kompetenču apjoms, to nozīme, īstenošanas priekšnosacījumu atbilstība starptautiskai organizācijai kā tiesību subjektam, kā arī identificētas kompetenču piekritības problēmas. Darba ceturtajā daļā tiek analizēta un hipotētiski izvērtēta ar Lisabonas līgumu izdarīto grozījumu piemērošana un identificētas problēmas, kas būtu attiecināmas uz tiesībsubjektības realizāciju un tās piekritību federālam pārvaldības subjektam, kā arī vērtēta normu un definīciju atbilstība kā piekrītoša izpildei starptautiskā organizācijā. Darba piektajā daļā, lai salīdzinātu Eiropas Savienībai kā starptautiskai organizācijai līdzvērīgus tiesību subjektus Eirāzijas telpā, veikts pētījums tiesību apjoma, normu satura ziņā līdzvertīgu vai pārāku, konkurējošu starptautisku organizāciju identificēšanai, un pierādīta Eiropas Savienībai konkurējošu tiesību subjektu neesamība, kā arī iepriekš izdarīto salīdzinājumu metodoloģiskās kļūdas attiecībā pret pētījuma objektu. 2 Pētījuma empīriskās daļas apakšnodaļās ir atspoguļots pētīšanas metodoloģijas raksturojums, pētījuma norise, iegūtie rezultāti un to statistiskā un kvalitatīvā analīze, kā arī filozofiskā interpretācija. Pamatojoties uz teorētisko analīzi un pētījumā iegūtajiem empīriskajiem rezultātiem, ir izdarīti secinājumi un izteikti priekšlikumi. Darbā izmantotās literatūras saraksts sastāv no 339 literatūras avotiem un 338 citiem informatīviem resursiem latviešu, krievu un angļu valodā, kā arī normatīvajiem aktiem un tiesu prakses dokumentiem. 3 ABSTRACT The aim of the the promotion paper is to study administrative legal aspects of current European Union international contractual relations in connection with a study of theoretical and practical aspects of enforcement of administrative law sources and to elaborate proposal that would provide an opportunity to separate the existing authorities organ of state (constitutions) from those governance rights that are empowered to utilize in international relations by governance institutions of international organizations. The Thesis consists of introduction, five basic parts, that are divided into several underchapters, conclusions and proposals and a list of references. The results of analysis of theoretical and practical conclusions are reflected in 8 (eight) pictures. The introduction of the Thesis describes the topicality of the studied topic, the hypothesis, aim, tasks, research object and subject of the Thesis as well as justification of the scientific methods used in the research are explained. The first part of the Thesis consists of historical description of implementation and strengthening of administrative legal relations within the European Union governance system, analysis of the related legal acts and scientific literature as well as clarification of peculiarities of governance of international organizations. The second part of the Thesis consists of analysis of structural elements of European Union administrative legal relations, i.e. study of the content of the European Union subjects, objects and administrative legal relations, classification of the patterns of the administrative legal relations, identified their spreading within the influence of economical processes and their consequences. The third part of the Thesis describes the European Union legal subjectivity, the scope of the competencies defined in the treaties, their importance, conformity of preconditions for implementation for international organization as a legal subject as well as problems of jurisdiction of identified competences. In the fourth part of Thesis described and done hypothetical valuate as can to use certain amendments of Lisbon Treaty and identify problems for legal subjectivity realizations and its equivalence with subject of federal governance, as well as evaluating the conformity of the norms and definitions for an international organization. In the fifth part of the Thesis in order to compare legal subjects equivalent to the European Union as an international organization within the Eurasian area, doing research for identification of equivalent or superior international organizations in the terms of legal scope and content of the norms, recognizing and prove absence about a legal subject of competitive versus European 4 Union as well as methodological mistakes in the earlier defined comparisons about object of research. The underchapters of the empirical part of the research describe the characteristics of the research methodology, the process of the research, obtained results and their qualitative and statistical analysis as well as philosophical interpretation. Based on the theoretical analysis and empirical results obtained within the research conclusions and proposals are elaborated. The reference of the used literature contains of 339 literature sources and 338 other informative sources in Latvian, Russian and English as well as legal acts and documents of jurisprudence. 5 Satura rādītājs Darbā lietotie saīsinājumi 7 Ievads 8 1. Eiropas Savienības kā sistēmas vispārējs raksturojums 22 1.1. Eiropas Savienības pārvaldības sistēmu raksturojošās iezīmes 22 1.2. Eiropas Savienības sistēmas attīstības raksturojums un tendences 40 1.3. Eiropas Savienības konstitūtu identificēšanas priekšnosacījumi 57 1.4.Eiropas Savienības pārvaldības tiesību institūta identificēšana 69 2. Eiropas Savienības pārvaldības institūts 77 2.1. Valstiskās pārvaldības pilnvaras, to klasifikācija un pārvaldības tiesību subjekti 77 2.2. Pārvaldības proces 91 2.3. Pārvaldības procesa subjektu tiesībspēja 95 3. Eiropas Savienības tiesībsubjektība 99 3.1. Eiropas Savienības tiesībsubjektības saturs un apjoms 100 3.2. Kompetenču saplūšana 106 4. LES un LESD nosacījumu realizācija un problēmas 116 4.1. Ekonomikas un politikas ietekme uz līgumu saturu 117 4.2. Sociālo tiesību īstenošanas kompetence 122 4.3. Brīvības, drošības un tiesiskuma telpas funkcionālās robežas 148 4.4. Secesija vai izstāšanās 162 5. Salīdzinošā metode un rezultāti 178 Nobeigums 198 Izmantotās literatūras, normatīvo aktu, juridiskās prakses, citu avotu un interneta resursu saraksts 206 6 DARBĀ LIETOTIE SAĪSINĀJUMI ANO – Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija ASV – Amerikas Savienotās Valstis Briseles līgums – Apvienošanās līgums, Līgums, ar kuru nodibina vienotu Eiropas Padomi un Komisiju visiem Eiropas Kopienu līgumiem, parakstīts Briselē 1965. gada 8. aprīlī, stājies spēkā 1967. gada 1. jūlijā ECPAK – 04.11.1950. Eiropas Cilvēktiesību un pamatbrīvību aizsardzības konvencija, LR pieņemta 1997. gada 4. jūnijā, stājās spēkā 1997. gada 13. jūnijā EirāEK – Eirāzijas Ekonomiskā Kopiena Eiropas Kopienas līgumi – Parīzes, EURATOM un Romas līgumi EKT – Eiropas Kopienu tiesa ES – Eiropas Savienība EURATOM – Eiropas Atomenerģijas kopienas dibināšanas līgums, parakstīts Romā 1957. gada 25. martā, stājās spēkā 1958. gada 1. janvārī ES pamatlīgumi – pašreiz spēkā esošie līgumi: Lisabonas līgums, LESD, LES, EURATOM LES – Līguma par Eiropas Savienību. 2012. gadā konsolidētā versija, 26.10.2012., OJ C 326. LESD – Līguma par Eiropas Savienības darbību 2012. gadā konsolidētā versija, 26.10.2012., OJ C 326. Lisabonas līgums – Līgums, ar ko groza Līgumu par Eiropas Savienību un Eiropas Kopienas dibināšanas līgumu, parakstīts Lisabonā 2007. gada 13. decembrī, stājies spēkā 2009. gada 1. decembrī LR – Latvijas Republika Māstrihtas līgums – Līgums par Eiropas Savienību, parakstīts
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