Macedonian Front 1918

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*Balkan Front German Relief Map MACEDONIAN FRONT 1918 Macedonian Front Dates: 13 – 18 September 2020 (5 Nights/6 Days) – Total Price (Per Person)*: 1450€ (sharing 2 persons) 185€ (plus for single supplement) *Special prices for groups W I Day 1 – Sunday 13 Sep - Arrival Day 3 – Tuesday 15 Sep – Dobro W - Arrival at Thessaloniki Airport Polje - Transport to Hotel - Dobro Polje breakthrough battlefield - Ice breaking drink - 2 stands, battle development - Travel to Kilkis Day 2 – Monday 14 Sep – Study Day - Overnight in Kilkis Day 4 –Wednesday 16 Sep- Skra - Study period - Skra-di-Legen battlefield - Early phases of the campaign - 2 stands, battle development - Entente Cemeteries - Wine tasting - Travel to Loutra - Overnight in Kilkis -Overnight in Loutra 1918 *Voras Mountain Day 5 –Thursday 17 Sep – Doiran Day 6 – 18 Sep – Departure War - Doiran battlefield - Travel to Thessaloniki Airport - 2 stands, battle development - Departure - Battle decisions - Travel to Thessaloniki - Group dinner What is Included What is NOT Included Macedonian Front 3*/4* hotel accommodation(basic) Flights costs including breakfast Pick up transport from/to airport Information pack Evening presentations (where appropriate) All transportation costs All entrance fees All presentations in battlefields Tour manager available day and night All dinners Bottled water each day Farewell dinner Memorabilia gift 1918 Front War Map of Greece Recommended Reading List - Hall, Richard, Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2010. Macedonian - Palmer, Alan, The Gardeners of Salonika, The Macedonian Campaign 1915-1918, London: Faber and Faber, 2009. - Wakefield, Alan, Under the Devil's Eye The British Military Experience in Macedonia 1915 – 1918, Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2017. .

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What Were the Conditions on the Macedonian Front in World War One Like for a Soldier, and Why Is the Army’S Work There Largely Forgotten?
What were the conditions on the Macedonian Front in World War One like for a soldier, and why is the army’s work there largely forgotten? This year is the Centenary of the Great War and we have been remembering the horrors our ancestors had to go through. Currently there is an extremely high awareness of WWI and those who died fighting in it. In fact, this awareness seems to stretch to every point of our lives, even the adverts we see on television. But is that all there is to it, or are we missing something out? I‟m sure you have seen the Sainsbury‟s advert which has captivated many people. It shows the 1914 Christmas Truce, which took place on the Western Front. In fact, all our remembrance is associated with the Western Front, perhaps because that‟s where all the action happens in the films and books we read. Moreover, the generals at the time were focussing all their interests on the Western Front and ignoring an almost entirely different war playing out in the East. This is a forgotten war. The forgotten war. I am going to base this around my Great-Grandfather‟s experience in Macedonia. He was a Scotsman (Maurice Smith Bryce) serving as a doctor with the RAMC and gaining two military crosses along the way. Firstly, I must explain the circumstances that my grandfather came in to. My Great- Introduction grandfather When you hear of the Macedonian Front you probably don‟t have the slightest inkling what it is about. Here‟s an answer: the Macedonian Front was one of WWI‟s eastern European fronts and it was the Allies‟ first victory as well as playing a part in bringing about the defeat of Germany.
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Институт за Матица српска Историјски институт Београд стратегијска истраживања Matica srpska Institute of History Belgrade Strategic Research Institute Међународни научни скуп International Scientific Conference ДОБРОВОЉЦИ У ВЕЛИКОМ РАТУ 1914 1918 THE VOLUNTEERS IN THE GREAT WAR 1914 1918 програм / program 17 – 21. октобар 2016, Београд, Србија Централни Дом Војске Србије October 17th – 21st, 2016, Belgrade, Serbia Central Military Club ОРГАНИЗАЦИОНИ ОДБОР академик Михајло Војводић, председник (Србија) др Бранко Бешлин (Србија) др Ђорђе Ђурић (Србија) др Срђан Рудић (Србија) др Милић Ј. Милићевић (Србија) др Милан Терзић (Србија) потпуковник др Миљан Милкић (Србија) потпуковник др Далибор Денда, научни секретар (Србија) др Харолд Раф (САД) др Ефпраксија Пасхалиду (Грчка) др Андреј Шемјакин (Русија) др Тодор Петров (Бугарска) др Тамара Шер (Аустрија) др Ђузепе Мота (Италија) др Вацлав Шћепанек (Чешка) ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Academician Mihailo Vojvodić, president (Serbia) Branko Bešlin, PhD (Serbia) Djordje Djurić, PhD (Serbia) Srđan Rudić, PhD (Serbia) Milić J. Milićević, PhD (Serbia) Milan Terzić, PhD (Serbia) Lt Col Miljan Milkić, PhD (Serbia) Lt Col Dalibor Denda, PhD, scientific secretary (Serbia) Harlod E. Rough, PhD (USA) Efpraxia S. Paschalidou, PhD (Greece) Andrey L. Shemyakin, PhD (Russia) Todor Petrov, PhD (Bulgaria) Tamara Scheer, PhD (Austria) Giuseppe Motta, PhD (Italy) Václav Štěpánek , PhD (Czech Republic) програм / program Уторак, 18. октобар 2016, 9.00 сати Tuesday, October 18th , 9.00 a.m ОТВАРАЊЕ СКУПА O P E N I N G C E R E M O N Y Поздравнe речи: Welcome Addresses: Др Јованка Шарановић, директор ИСИ Jovanka Šaranović, Ph.D, Director of the SRI Др Срђан Рудић, директор Историјског института Београд Srđan Rudić, Ph.D, Director of Institute of History Belgrade Проф.
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Balkan Wars Between the Lines: Violence and Civilians in Macedonia, 1912-1918
ABSTRACT Title of Document: BALKAN WARS BETWEEN THE LINES: VIOLENCE AND CIVILIANS IN MACEDONIA, 1912-1918 Stefan Sotiris Papaioannou, Ph.D., 2012 Directed By: Professor John R. Lampe, Department of History This dissertation challenges the widely held view that there is something morbidly distinctive about violence in the Balkans. It subjects this notion to scrutiny by examining how inhabitants of the embattled region of Macedonia endured a particularly violent set of events: the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 and the First World War. Making use of a variety of sources including archives located in the three countries that today share the region of Macedonia, the study reveals that members of this majority-Orthodox Christian civilian population were not inclined to perpetrate wartime violence against one another. Though they often identified with rival national camps, inhabitants of Macedonia were typically willing neither to kill their neighbors nor to die over those differences. They preferred to pursue priorities they considered more important, including economic advancement, education, and security of their properties, all of which were likely to be undermined by internecine violence. National armies from Balkan countries then adjacent to geographic Macedonia (Bulgaria, Greece, and Serbia) and their associated paramilitary forces were instead the perpetrators of violence against civilians. In these violent activities they were joined by armies from Western and Central Europe during the First World War. Contrary to existing military and diplomatic histories that emphasize continuities between the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 and the First World War, this primarily social history reveals that the nature of abuses committed against civilians changed rapidly during this six-year period.
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The Chronicle of the First World War and Its Impact on the Balkans Birinci Dünya Savaşı’Nın Tarihi Ve Balkanlar’A Etkisi
The Chronicle Of The First World War And Its Impact On The Balkans Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın Tarihi ve Balkanlar’a Etkisi Erjada Progonati* Abstract The process of the two Balkan Wars (1912-1913) remained incomplete until the First World War started. The aim of this study is to give some informations about The First World War and the role that Balkan region played to this war when the national consciousness of Balkan peoples began to crystallize. After the two Balkan Wars, all the Balkan states continued their efforts to gather their co-nationals into their national states. It’s concluded that the Balkan Wars leaded to the internationalization of this crisis spreading it to an ample area while many other crises at the same region were resolved without a general war in Europe. It appears that the First World War that began in 1914 in the Balkan region was a continuation of the wars that started in 1912-1913 period in the same are. Key Words: World War I, Balkans, Nationalism, Balkan Wars, History. Özet İki Balkan Savaşı (1912-1913) süreci, Birinci Dünya Savaşı başlayana dek eksik kalmıştır. Bu çalış- manın amacı, Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve ulusal bilinçlerin belirginleşmeye başlayan Balkan halklarının savaşta oynadığı roller hakkında bazı bilgiler vermektir. İki Balkan Savaşlarından sonra bütün Balkan devletleri ulus-devletlerine ortak vatandaşlarını toplamak için çabalarını sürdürmüştür. Aynı bölgede birçok krizin Avrupa’da genel bir savaşa götürmeden çözüme kavuşurken Balkan Savaşları bu durumu daha geniş bir alana yayarak krizin uluslararasılaşmasına yol açtığı sonucuna varılmaktadır. 1914 yı- lında ve Balkanlar bölgesinde başlayan Birinci Dünya Savaşı, aynı bölgede ve 1912-1913 döneminde yaşanan savaşların devamı niteliğinde olduğu düşünülmektedir.
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The Impact of 1918 on Bulgaria
Center for Open Access in Science ▪ https://www.centerprode.com/ojsh.html Open Journal for Studies in History, 2020, 3(1), 1-10. ISSN (Online) 2620-066X ▪ https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsh.0301.01001u _________________________________________________________________________ The Impact of 1918 on Bulgaria George Ungureanu University of Pitești, ROMANIA Faculty of Theology, Literature, History and Arts Received: 21 May 2020 ▪ Accepted: 8 July 2020 ▪ Published Online: 25 July 2020 Abstract Among the states that participated in World War I, Bulgaria is an interesting case, being the only Slavic and the only small state allied with the Central Powers. In addition, Bulgaria was the first member of the Quadruple Alliance that admitted their defeat with the Armistice of Thessaloniki (16/29 Sep 1918). The armistice signed in the Greek Macedonia capital ended not just Bulgaria’s three years involvement in the Great War, alongside Germany, Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, but also a longer period of violent confrontations if we include the two Balkan Wars too (1912-1913). After the implication in these successive conflicts, the small Slavic state had seen significant human and material losses (155,000 deaths on the battlefields, 400,000 wounded, and over 155,000 deaths due to diseases). One in six men aged 20 to 50 lost their lives during the period October 1912 to September 1918. The hereby study deals with the effects of these losses, sufferings and deprivations (doubled by the bitterness of defeat but also by hopes of winning the victor’s benevolence) at different layers: the army, the civilian population, the political life and the diplomacy.
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The New York Herald. Part 11
THE NEW YORK HERALD. PART 11. [COPYRIGHT, 1916, NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, NEW YORK HERALD COMPANY.] In the Metropolitan District. SEPTEMBER 13, 1916.- -IBY THE PRICE ONE CENT THREE CENTS on Trains and Elsewner* PERONNE MENACED BY A BIG FRENCH ADVANCE ON NORTH FRENCH NOW REACH DILL FI A NEW BULGARIANS LOSE 36-HOUR BATTLE, Greeks if They Join Allies ALLIES PURSUING ON STRUMA FRONT Would Like to Conduct Own IHE BAPAUME OB FRENCH WAR LOAN Campaign British Established on East Allies capture British crosi a Against Bulgars Bulgarian the struma \ Bank of River and French trenches on SL?VLAKAtP V ' \ - NORTH OF PERONNE GOES Z Mite FRONT. GROUND TO DEPUTIES < Barely an Capture Village. 800 YARDS DEPTH) 7 V Escaping Alliance with the Central Powers Through %J'\ a Bribe of $200,000,000 Offered by Baron Schenck, Deliver Offensive Vigorous Finance Minister c „ Says First AMBULANCES BUSY ON 'Moriashr ol a AY Agent of Prussia, Leaders Now Turn to Entente from Combles to the Somme, Five Per Cents Are Now DEMIR-HISSAR ROAD for Way Out of Their Dilemma. Advancing Rapidly. Above Issue Price. W r ) q French Carry Bulgar Positions and AY E JSSLeavriM [Special Cable to the Herald.] ROME, Tuesday. CARRY WHOLE Advance on Line West of A SYSTEM DEPUTIES, STANDING, proposal that the Greek army, with the Serbian forces subservient to it, will undertake OF PRUSSIAN TRENCHES APPLAUD ROUMANIA the Vardar. I BOMBARD YE—! / to handle alone the offensive In the southeast against the Bul- fc* S ENEMY tSEY B , : garian and Austro-Prussian armies is declared to have been put forward as a —— way London, Wednesday.
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Austria-Hungary's Last War, 1914-1918
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY’S LAST WAR, 1914-1918 (ÖSTERREICH-UNGARNS LETZTER KRIEG, 1914-1918) EDITED BY THE AUSTRIAN FEDERAL MINISTRY OF THE ARMY AND WAR ARCHIVE Under the Direction of Edmund Glaise-Horstenau Edited by Josef Brauner, Eduard Czegka, Walther Heydendorff, Rudolf Kiszling, Carl Klumpner, and Ernst Wisshaupt Translated by Stan Hanna Vol 5 (1916) THE EVENTS OF AUGUST TURN TO THE FINANCIAL With 35 leaflets 1934 Publisher of Military Science Releases Vienna © 2005 Stan Hanna. All Rights Reserved. Austria-Hungary’s Last War, 1914-1918 Vol 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS TO THE FIFTH VOLUME (1916) I. The World Situation in Summer 1916........................1 A. Theaters of Operation on Land and Sea......................1 B. The Political Situation of Both Sides......................5 1. The Central Powers through summer 1916...................5 2. The Entente..............................................9 II. The Southwestern Front in the First Half of August 1916.11 A. The Sixth Battle of the Isonzo............................12 1. The Italians prepare a new attack on the Isonzo.........12 a. Situation on the Southwestern Front at the end of July.12 b. Development of Italian operational plans for 1916......13 c. Deployment and strength of the Italians................15 d. Order of battle of the k.u.k. forces in the Italian theater on 1 August.......................................20 e. Units and preparations of the k.u.k. 5th Army..........31 f. The battle plan of the 3rd Italian Army and measures to conceal their intentions..................................35 2. Loss of the Görz bridgehead.............................36 a. Opening actions on 4 and 5 August......................36 b. The surprise attack on the bridgehead..................37 c.
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The Decision by Britain and France to Create the Macedonian Front In
Angeliki Sfikà-Theodosiou The Italian Presence on the Balkan Front (1915-1918)* The decision by Britain and France to create the Macedonian front in September 1915 was severely censured in the West, chiefly by those who believed the military operations on the western fronts were crucial to the success of the war. Particularly in Italy, which had joined the Entente by the Treaty of London on 26 April 1915, reaction was strong, and political and military circles were casting a wary eye over the expediency of their own participation in the planned operation in the Balkans. At the insistence of the French, the Italians initially agreed to co operate with the Allies in Macedonia, circumstances permitting. But when the matter came up for discussion, although the Italian Foreign Minister, Sidney Sonnino, believed it was in Rome’s interests not to stand aloof from the Allied operation, he was most reluctant to send Italian troops to Thessaloniki. However, he did not dismiss what he considered a more effective, though rather dangerous, plan: namely to respond to the Allies’ desperate pleas to help the Serbs by sending a detachment into Albanian territory. Consequently, Italy sought to combine the presence of its forces in this area with the pursuit of one of the fundamental priorities of Italian foreign policy; a priority that had emerged as early as the previous century, namely Italian interest in Albania. Meanwhile, having ellicited the Allies’ consent, in the Treaty of London, to Italian sovereignty over the island of Sasson, Valona, and the surrounding area, Italy now had the chance to establish a strong base on the opposite coast of the Adriatic.
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World War One Blog October 1918 to November 1919 Adobe
Irish Voices from the First World War A blog based on PRONI sources Certificate of military service to British Empire in World War One by New Zealand volunteer, D1998/2 October 1918 to August 1919 The Armistice of November 1918 was drafted to bring about a cessation of hostilities but not to conclude the process of unconditional surrender by the German government. One of the initial difficulties in the settlement of peace after Armistice was identification by the Allies of the source of legitimate administrative authority in Germany after the abdication of the Kaiser and while the country lay on the brink of social collapse in 1919. Accordingly, the Armistice had to be prolonged three times (in December 1918 and in January and February 1919) before the Treaty of Versailles ratified the 34 clauses of the Armistice in January 1920. Numerous small-scale post-war military conflicts lingered on or erupted for more than a year after peace in Western Europe was concluded. There was a great deal of administrative work also involved in moving from war to peace. Ration book issued to demobilised servicemen during 1918 and 1919, D961/7 Document 1: News from the Macedonian Front as Allied forces bring about surrender of Bulgarian Army, Sept-Oct 1918 [D1893/14, 15] After lengthy spells of inactivity or attritional combat during 1916 and 1917 the multi-cultural Allied force based in Eastern Greece struck out north and east through the Bulgarian lines. The Allies were able to take advantage of failing morale and rising revolutionary sentiment in the Bulgarian army in the course of the Vardar offensive of September 1918.
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Macedonian Struggle for Independence
Macedonian Struggle For Independence By Risto Stefov Macedonian Struggle For Independence Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2008 by Risto Stefov e-book edition 2 Index Index ............................................................................................................3 Part 1 – Introduction ....................................................................................5 Part 2 – Roman Occupation.........................................................................7 Part 3 - A New Beginning..........................................................................12 Part 4 – Cultural Revival ...........................................................................17 Part 5 - Establishing a Macedonian State ..................................................23 Part 6 - Uprisings against Byzantine Rule .................................................31 Part 7 – The Hrs, Strez and Dragota Uprisings..........................................37 Part 8 – Ottoman Occupation.....................................................................44 Part 9 – Early Uprisings against Ottoman Rule.........................................51 Part 10 – The Karposh
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The British in the Balkans During the Great War
ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output Home away from the home front: the British in the Balkans during the Great War https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40072/ Version: Full Version Citation: Richardson, Rachel (2014) Home away from the home front: the British in the Balkans during the Great War. [Thesis] (Unpublished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email Home Away From the Home Front: The British in the Balkans during the Great War Rachel Richardson Department of History, Classics and Archaeology Birkbeck, University of London Submitted for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy June 2014 1 Declaration The work presented in this thesis is my own. 2 Abstract This thesis is a social history of the British in Serbia, Greece, and what is today Macedonia during the Great War. It explores British wartime experiences by examining their perception of national identity and their attitude towards other nationalities, their relationships and standards of propriety and appearance, aspects of everyday life including recreation, food and drink, the role that events played in forming a communal identity, reactions to and interactions with space and place in Salonika, and their motivations and perceptions of the worth of their work. British people on the Balkan front adapted to their wartime experiences and circumstances with the aid of their cultural background and priorities, existing connections and relationships, their interpretation of their environments, and their sense of duty and accomplishments.
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The Contested Memory of the First World War in Montenegro
THE CONTESTED MEMORY OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN MONTENEGRO FRANTIŠEK ŠÍSTEK This article focuses on the memory of the period 1914–1916, Ta članek tematizira spomin na obdobje 1914-1916, od from the Sarajevo assassination and outbreak of war up to the atentata na Sarajevu in od izbruha vojne do okupacije occupation of Montenegro by the Austro-Hungarian Empire Črne gore s strani avstro-ogrskega imperija januarja 1916, in January 1916 and on two, Serbian and Montenegrin in dve nacionalni, srbski in črnogorski pripovedi o prvi national narratives about the First World War. svetovni vojni. Keywords: First World War, Montenegro, narrative, Serbia, Ključne besede: Prva svetovna vojna, Črna gora, pripoved, memory, discourse Srbija, spomin, diskurz Veliko sodobnih prepirov, povezanih s spomini na prvo svetovno vojno v Črni gori se opira na eno od dveh prevladujočih in medsebojno se izključujočih nacionalnih pripovedi. Gre za dejstvo, že desetletja znano zgodovinarjem. Tako se zagovorniki srbske pripovedi izrecno zavračajo pogled, ki se identificira izključno s črnogorsko pripovedjo. Ob tem se ime sovražnika spreminja, lahko je Turčija, habsburško cesarstvo, Tretji rajh ali pa nazadnje NATO, vendar „boj še vedno poteka.“ Bitka pri Mojkovcu je tako ponovitev bitke na Kosovu in v trenutni politični krizi jo razumejo in predstavljajo kot ponovitev prejšnjih borb. Tako je v srbski pripovedi nenehno ponavljanje borbe med „nami“ in „njimi“ zapleteno že zaradi „domačih izdajalcev“, katerih trenutno inkarnacijo predstavlja vlada Črne gore in zagovorniki črnogorske etnične identitete. Izkaže se, da glavni dejavnik zgodovine ni narod, temveč država: črnogorska pripoved se v prvi vrsti vrti okoli sreče politične suverenosti in neodvisnosti.
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