View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue

MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. ii. 109

Mineralogical Chemistry.

Fibrous Quartz from Rhode Island. ALFREDC. HAWKINS (Amer. Min., 1918, 3, 149--151).--Fibrous quartz resembling asbestos in appearance, and consisting of long, delicate, flexible fibres, fills narrow veins in metamorphic slates at several localities in Rhode Island. It ranges in colour from pure whibe to green. The green colour is due to the presence of admixed actinolite, as shown by microscopical examination and by the following analyses : I, green from Feuner’s Ledge, Crsnston; 11, white from the same locality; 111, green from Portsmouth.

SiO,. A1,OR. Fe,O,. CaO. MgO. H,O. CO,. S. Totd. I. 77.15 8.72 7.68 0.70 3.96 1.40 - 0.52 100.13 v 11. 9442 4-68 trace &race 0.16 - - 99.64 111. 91.83 1-61 3.81 0.80 1.37 0.70 0.60 0.12 100.74 L. J. S. Published on 01 January 1919. Downloaded 26/10/2014 03:57:07. Hambergite from Kashmir. R. C. BURTON(Rec. Geol. S.zcrvey Zndia, 1913, 43, 168---172).-C?rystals of harnbergite, together with cookeite, prehnite, tourmaline, , euclase ( ?), and amblygonite, have been found in the granitic dkbris in the Kashmir sapphire mines. They were probably derived from the iieighbouring pegmatites. A description is given of a twinned crystal, Analysis gave : G10. B,OP H,O. Total. Sp. gr. 52.40 [37.39] 10.21 1oo*oo 2.36 L. J. S. Phosphorite from the Island of Juan de Nova, Madagascar. J. ORCEL (Bull. Soc. fmm. Mim., 1918, 41, 104--108).-The phosphate deposits on the small island of Juan de Nova, or St. mristophe, aboutl eighty miles off the west coast of Madagascar, have been formed by the action of soluble phosphates, derived from guano, on the underlying caral-rock. Analysis I is of brown, con- cretionary phosphorite, and I1 of brourn, earthy material of prac- View Article Online

ii. 110 ARSTRA4CTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.

tically the same composition. The latter is worked under the name “leached guano.” The analysis (I) shows an excess of 8.45% CaO, indicating t,he voedckerite formula 3Ca,(P04)2,Ca0 (A., 1912, ii, 565). CaO. 8r0. MgO. Al,03. P,Os. C1. so,. I. 48.63 0.17 1-75 0.15 35-56 0.29 0.56 11. -46.85 n.d. 0.38 35.19 0.14 0.58 Organic Loss CO,. matter. H,O. at 110’. Insol. Total. I. 0.14 1.27 7-97’ 4.00 0-05 100.54 \ 2 11. 10.08 5-35? 0.03 98.57 L. J. S.

The Colour Change in Vivianite. THOMASL. WATSON(Ainer. &€in., 1918, 3, 159--161).--The large, pale green crystals of vivianite from Plant City, Florida (A*, 1918, ii, 119), are non- pleochroic and yield a colourless powder. This powder rapidly changes, especially in sunlight, to deep blue, and becomes strongly pleochroic. An unground sample of the crystals showed FeO 42*88%, whilst the finely ground material gave FeO 38.43%. Tho change in dour and is thus due to the partial oxida- tion of the iron, and not to inversion as was ah first suggested by the microscopical aspect of &he material. A tabulation of the refractive indices of pale green and of dark blue vivianite from various localities indicates that the oxidation has been accom- panied by an increase in the values of j3 and y. L. J. S.

Copiapite in Coal. WILLIAMJ. MCCAUGHEY(Amer. Mzn.,

Published on 01 January 1919. Downloaded 26/10/2014 03:57:07. i918, 3, 162--163).-A specimen of pale green, fibrous melanterite from the Congo coal mine in Perry County, Ohio, changed in ths course of a year to dull white, and the fibres became brittle. Yellow spots also developed, especially at the points of contact between the melanterite and the associated shale. This yellow material consists of minute, tabular crystals, and is proved by the following analysis and refractive indices to be copiapite, Fee03,5 SO,, 18H20.

SO,. Fe,O,. H,O. Insol. Total. a. B. Y* 39.68 29-98 30.45 0.31 100.42 1.525 1.545 1.595 L. J, S.

Nasonite from Langban, Sweden. G. AMINOFF(Geol. Fiir. Forh., 1916, 38, 473).-This mineral, hitherto known only from Franklin, New Jersey (A., 1900, ii, 89), has been observed at Lingban in the veins of ‘‘ secondary calcite,” where it is associated with schefferite, native lead, apophyllite, etc. It forms white to pearl-grey lamellar masses, or, less often, hexagonal prisms with View Article Online

&TI?TERALOGZ('hL CHEMISTRY. ii. 111

rounded faces. Refractive indices (Na), o = 1.9453, e= 1.9710. Analysis by R. MAUZELIUSagrees with the usual formula Pb,( PbCYI),Ca,( Si20,)3. SiO,. PbO. FeO. JInO. CaO. MgO. C1. H,O. Total. 18.23 67.67 0.04 0.14 11.29 0.20 2.90 0.34 100.71 L. J. S. Anorthite from Japan. 8.KOzu (Sci.h'ep Y'dhokic Imp. Unav,, 1914, Geol. Ser., 2, 7-33).--The results are given of elaborate determinations of the optical constants (refractive indices, optic axial angle, and of the optic axes) for different wave- lengths of anorthite from three Japanese localities. As these show certain differences amongst themselves, the following analyses, by H. s. \\7~~~~~~~~~,were made of I, aiiorthite crystals from Miyake-jima, one of the Seven Izu Islands south of Tokyo, and 11, crystals from the Tarumas volcano in Holrkaid6. SiO,. Alto,. Fe,O,. CaO. MgO. K,O. Na,O. Total. Sp. gr. I. 44-49 36.00 0.08 19.49 0.04 0.03 0.59 100.72 2.758 11. 44.03 35.93 0.10 18.66 trace 0.07 1-00 100.24 2.757 Barium aiid strontium are absent, and the slight differences in composition cannot be co'rrelated with the differences in the optical constants. I corresponds with Ab3.,An,5.,Cg,.7 and I1 with Ab,.7An,,.,,C"g:!.,0t-,.6. The melting points are 1538O and 1536O k 2O respectively. L. 5. s. Racewinite, a New Mineral from Utah. A. N. \YINCHELL (ECOPZ.Geol., 1918, 13, 611-615).-The mineral occurs as veins and irregular masses in limestone, and also replacing the carbonate portion of calcareous sandstones, near the contact with Published on 01 January 1919. Downloaded 26/10/2014 03:57:07. porphyry in the Highland Boy mine at Bingham, Utah, where it is often intergrown with pyrites and other ore minerals. It is brownish-black with a dull to bright , and somewhat resembles coal in appearance. When freshly taken from the mine, it is bluish-green ; the change in colour to brownish-black takes place slowly throughout the whole mass, and after six months the largest pieces were altered to the centre. The mineral undergoes other remarkable changes in colour. In boiling xiitric acid it is insoluble, but gradually changes to yellowish-brown and translucent. In hydrochIoric acid, it7 is slowly soluble and shows the same change in colour. Thin splinters and particles under the microscope are pale to brownish-yellow. In clove-oil this colour changes first to grass-green aiid then to black, but the same change does not take place in cedar-oil and some other oils. The finely powdered mineral is nearly white with a yellow tinge. The material is coarsely crystalline with no or crystal-faces; it is friable and the coiichoidal. Sp. 9:. 1.94-1-98, H 24 ; optically biaxial with large angle and negative, IZ. about 1-51. It adheres to the tongue and slakes in water, breaking up with a sharp, audible View Article Online

ii. 112 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.

sound. Analyses I and I1 by 5. P. HICKEYand C. L. AUSTIN respectively : SiO,. A1.03. Fe203. CaO. MgO. H,O. Total. r. 43-92 23.68 7.37 2.52 0-50 22.04 100.0:: 11. 43.24 23.69 8.05 2.42 0.78 21.80 99.98 A sample of the green, unaltered mineral showed 0.60% FeO. Over sulphuric acid, 7-8% H,Q is lost in one day and 14% after forty-nine days ; this is re-absorbed from a moist atmospf-ex. Other determinations gave the loss at 70° as 8% and at ZOOo as 12.1%. Heated to dull redness, the is not destroyed, and the optical characters are not materially altered. L. J. S.

New Swedish Minerals = GUST. FLINK(Geo 1. For. Fo~h.,1917, 39, 426-452).--Ektropite forms crusts of small, brown, rect- angular plates on garnet with calcite and barytes in magnetite ore from the Norrbotten mine at L;Pngban. The crystals are mono- clinic (a: b : c = 0.74 : 1 : 0.84, p= 61%’) with a tabular habit parallel to the orthopinacoid and elongated in the direction of the axis of symmetry. They are opaque with a vitreous to silky lustre, but in thin splinters under the microscope, the material is translucent and yellow. D 2.46, H 4, n 1*62--1*63. Analysis I, by N. SAML- BOM, gives the formula 12R8,8Xi0,,7H2O. The mineral is related to caryopilite and neotocite. sio,. Sb,05. PbO. A1,0,. Fe,O,<. FeO. I. 35.02 _. - 0.75 - 5.80 11. 7-75 20.76 - 9.50 3.58 2.44 111. 34.72 - 41-74 - - - MnO. CaO. MgO. H,O. Total. I. 37-20 3-59 7-20 8.89 99.89” Published on 01 January 1919. Downloaded 26/10/2014 03:57:07. 11. 52-61 0.58 3.06 0.11 100.39 I11 2.17 20-28 0.20 0.10 99.90-f * Including K,O 1-13, Na20 0.12, metallic sulphides 0.19. i- Including BaO 0-69. li’-atoptrite occurs as tabular crystals and irregular lumps with magnetite in granular limestone in the Brattfors mine at Nordmark. The crystals are nionoclinic (a: h : c == 0.79223 : 1: 0.48985, fl= 78O57’) and have a highly perfect cleavage parallel to the orthopinacoid n(100). This cleavage resembles that of mica, but the cleavage flakes are very brittle and not flexible. D 4.5, H 54. The mineral is black and opaque with a bright, metallic lustre. Thin flakes am red by transmitted light and strongly pleochroic. Analysis 11, by R. MAUZELIUS,gives the ratios 14R0,Z(A1,Fe),03, Sb,O,, 2Si0,. The mineral resembles manganostibite in appearance, and itl may perhaps be identical with the incompletely described helinatostibite. Margarosanite (A.. 1916, ii, 532).---This new mineral has been found in some quantity in the “Lukas Ort ” and Bjelkes shaft at LBngban, where it is associated with nasonite, schefferite, apo- View Article Online

MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. ii. 113

phyllite, calcite, etc. The masses, weighing up to 1 kilo., are snow- white with pearly lustre and columnar structure. Crystpals are rare; these are triclinic (a : b : c = 0.74998 : 1 : 1.2849, u= 74O37’, j3 = 50°28’, y = 78O53’) with three cleavages, that in one direction being highly perfect. D 4.39, €€ 24. Analysis 111, by R. MAUZELIUS,gives the formula PbCa,(Si0,)3. The mineral is readily and completely soluble in dilute nitric acid. It is perhaps a member of the pyroxene group. Thaumasite from Langban is described as loose aggregates of small but distinct crystals. These are hexagonal with prismatic habit, a : c = 1: 0.9479. L. J. s.

Minerals in the Crystalline Limestone of Crestmore, California. ARTHURS. EAKLE(Bull. Dep. Geol. Unav. C‘ulifornia, 1917, 10, 327-360).-At Crestmore, in Riverside County, two hills of crystalline limestone, resting on a boss of granodiorite and intruded by veins of quartz-monzonite-porphyry and pegmatite, are extensively quarried for the manufacture of Portland cement, the partly decomposed granodiorite (anal. I) being used as a sub- stitute for clay. In one hill the limestone is a white marble (anal. II), whilst in the other it is composed largely of blue calcite. In the latter, the metamorphic processes have been more intense, there having also been hydrothermal action by phosphatic, siliceous, and carbonated solutions, and zones composed of a great variety of metamorphic minerals have been developed at the contacts with the intrusive veins. The blue calcite, which forms bands and patches intermixed with the metamorphic minerals, is sonietimes of a deep colour, fading on exposure to sky-blue. It is decolorised at a low heat, and the colour is thus perhaps due to organic matter.

Published on 01 January 1919. Downloaded 26/10/2014 03:57:07. Detailed descriptions are given of about fifty mineral species from this locality, and analyses of the following. Wilkeite (A., 1914, ii, 283) and xanthophyllite (A., 1916, ii, 443) have been previously described. Brucite (anal. 111) forms grey, yellow, or red granules eiribedded in the white liniest*oiie. It consists of an aggregate of twisted plates aiid threads much compressed aiid strained, and has no doubt been derived from periclase (&!go)with an accompanying considerable (2; times) increase in volume. Wollastonite is of abundant occurrenco as columnar and fibrous masses ; as snow-white, finely granular and loosely coherent aggregates (anal. IV); axid as crystals of various types (anal. V of clear crystals). The distribii- tion of the faces 011 these crystals indicates that the symmetry is non no clinic-hemimorphic, or perhaps triclinic. Several new crystal- forms are noted. The mineral is strongly triboluminescent. Refractive indices, a= 1.614, p == 1.629, y = 1-631. Idocrase as yellow or brown crystals and masses is also abundant; anal. VI, by J. B. WRIGHT,of green idocrase. Garnet, crystals and massive, of a cinnamon colour occurs with the ittocrass; anal. VII by J. B. WRIGHT,of massive grossularite. A new analysis (VIII by View Article Online

ii. 114 RBSTRAC'PS OE' CHEMICAL I'AYNlLY.

G. SURR) is given of the monticellite which occurs iii intimate association with the xanthophyllite, Two new species, crestmoreite and riversideite, hydrated calciuin silicates, are described. Crestmoreit e is an alteration product of wilkeite, and in the description of this mineral it; was provisionally referred to as okenit'e (A., 1914, ii, 283). It occurs as small patches of earthy to compact, snow-whit>e,and opaque material in the blue calcite. Under the microscope, it shows straight extinction with positive elongation, low , and fi = 1.590. Hardness 3. It is readily soluble in acid with separatlion of some flocculent silica, although most of the silica goes into solution. Boiling water extracts some calcium. Water is expelled mostly at a high temperature; at 200° the loss is 3'27%, and at 300° 10.27%. From the analyses IXa-c, a complex formula is deduced, but the phosphate, sulphate, and carbonate no doubt represent admixed unaltered wilkeite. Simpler formulae are CaSiO,,H,O' and 4H,CaSi0,,2H20, preference being apparently given to the former. Riuersideite occurs as narrow seams of white, fibrous material in massive idocrase. H = 3 ; refractive indices, a= 1.595, y = 1.603 ; the fibres give straight extinction with positive elongation. A complex formula is deduced from anal. X; neglecting phosphate and sulphate, simpler f umulz are 2CaSiO,,H,O and 6H2Ca, Si,07, H,O , preference being given to the formelr. These two new minerals may be regarded as hydro-wollastonites. Orthoclase, pure white material from the pegmatite, anal. XI. Okenite (anal. XII, by W. FOSHAG)occurs as tufts of long, slender needles and fibres on apophyllite, which is found in cavities in wollastonite between the pegmatites and the limestone. The crystals are probably orthorhombic, ni= 1.55. Prehnite occurs in cavities in the felspar of the pegniatites; in addition to tbe usual Published on 01 January 1919. Downloaded 26/10/2014 03:57:07. green drusy type, there is also a pale brown to colourless type, which forms crystals or, more often, compact, granular masses. Anal. XI11 of the brown prehnite. TAaumontite (anal. XIV) as columnar and fibrous masses occurs on the green prehaite.

SiOz. Alsoit. Fe&+ FeO. CaO. MgO. PyOj. SO3. TotaI. Sp. gr. 60'60 16'61 5'03 - 7'93 2'08 I - 97'08* - I. -+ - 11. 4'15 1'20 50'78 2' 50 40'60 99'58 - III. - - 0'55 - 67'48 I - 31'73 99'76 239 IV. 51'77 - 2'12 44'83 - - 1-02 99'76 - V. 50'42 - 0'51 - 48.29 0'60 - 0'07 99'89 - VI. 36'88 17'61 3'11 0'46 35-27 4'73 - - 0'61 99'57t 3'36 VII. 35'53 21'11 3'95 0' 60 36'06 0'7s - - 1'23 100'15f 3'39 VIII. 37'46 - - 2'94 35'14 25'32 - --100'86 3'078 IXa. 36'12 - - - 42'71 - 2'38 2'42 1'16 14'98 99'77 - IXb. 38'30 - - 41'20 3'50 1'25 - 15'17 99'42 - IXC. 34'42 - - 43'54 3'50 224 - 16'24 98'42 - X. 41'26 - - 44'58 - 3'84 1'84 - 8'11 99'63 - XI. 64-54 20'86 trace 186 trace - I 0'52 100'81 2'54 xrr. 56-17 - - 26'10 - - 16'88 99'10 2'206 XIII. 44'10 24.20 - 25'20 - - 5'86 99'36 - XIV. 53'49 22'01 - 10'80 trace I 13'39 99'69 - * Alkalis not determined, t Incl. MnO 1'50, CuO 1'06, Na2O 0'61. Incl. CuO 0'70, Na2O 0.20. fi Incl. K20 11'85, Na20 1'18. L. J. S. View Article Online

ANALYTIUAL CHEMISTRY. ii. 115 Two New Zircon Minerals-Orvillite and Oliveiraite . T. H. LEE (Amer. J. Sci., 1919, [iv], 47, 126-132; Revista da Sociedde Bmsileira de Scierzcins, Ria de Janeiro, 1917, No. 1, 31-38).-The zirconia-bearing rock or ore (" caldasite ") of the Caldas region in Minas Geraes, Brazil, consists at times mainly of baddeleyite, containing ZrO, 92%. One variety, in which the cavities are lined with small crystals of zircon, consists of a mix- ture of zircon and a new zirconium silicate, the latter being soluble in a mixture of hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids. Analyses I and I1 are of the mixture, and I11 of material picked out nnder the microscope. The last. corresponds with the formula 8Zr0,, 6Si0,,5H2O. and for this the name owiE7ite is proposed. ZrO,. SiO,. SO2. A1&. Fe,O,. FeO. H,O. Total, I. 71.88 35.31 0.62 0.15 - 0.43 1.56 99.95 11. 85.01 9.63 1.52 - 5-57 - - 99.7 3 TII. 68.04 25.46 - - - - 6.35 99.72 The second mineral-oli t~ciirnif6-occurs with euxenite (anal. IV) at Pomba, Minas Geraes. %lost4of the euxenite crystals are coated with a yellow crust (anal. V). An analysis (VI) is also given of another euxenite, froin Espirito Sailto, which was supposed to contain a new element. The oliveiraite is greenish-yellow with a radially fibrous structlure; analysis VII corresponds with 3Zr0,,2TiO,,2H,Of Cb,O,. ZrO,. TiO,. uo,. TR20.5. v IV. 1-46. 36.39 25.00 10.06

V. Iii-51 I 25.00 4.93* VI. 3.20 28.70 4.2 3 23-70 7.50 VII. - - 63-36 29-92 - Published on 01 January 1919. Downloaded 26/10/2014 03:57:07. Ce,O,. Y203 PbO. H,O. Total. IV. 0.46 23.08 0.14 2.41 99-00 v V. 7.40 - 11-14 100.98 VT. - 23.12 0-14 6.41 100.12.1.

VII. - I I 6.48 99-76 * UOs. t Including iron oxide 3.12, SnO, trace. L. J. S.