Packing in Ionic Minerals
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Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals in the Beo
American Mineralogist, Volwne 71, pages 277-300, 1986 Phaseequilibria and thermodynamic properties of mineralsin the BeO-AlrO3-SiO2-H2O(BASH) system,with petrologicapplications Mlnx D. B.qnroN Department of Earth and SpaceSciences, University of California, Los Angeles,Los Angeles,California 90024 Ansrru,cr The phase relations and thermodynamic properties of behoite (Be(OH)r), bertrandite (BeoSirOr(OH)J, beryl (BerAlrSiuO,r),bromellite (BeO), chrysoberyl (BeAl,Oo), euclase (BeAlSiOo(OH)),and phenakite (BerSiOo)have been quantitatively evaluatedfrom a com- bination of new phase-equilibrium, solubility, calorimetric, and volumetric measurements and with data from the literature. The resulting thermodynamic model is consistentwith natural low-variance assemblagesand can be used to interpret many beryllium-mineral occurTences. Reversedhigh-pressure solid-media experimentslocated the positions of four reactions: BerAlrSiuO,,: BeAlrOo * BerSiOo+ 5SiO, (dry) 20BeAlSiOo(OH): 3BerAlrsi6or8+ TBeAlrOo+ 2BerSiOn+ l0HrO 4BeAlSiOo(OH)+ 2SiOr: BerAlrSiuO,,+ BeAlrOo+ 2H2O BerAlrSiuO,,+ 2AlrSiOs : 3BeAlrOa + 8SiO, (water saturated). Aqueous silica concentrationswere determined by reversedexperiments at I kbar for the following sevenreactions: 2BeO + H4SiO4: BerSiOo+ 2H2O 4BeO + 2HoSiOo: BeoSirO'(OH),+ 3HrO BeAlrOo* BerSiOo+ 5H4Sio4: Be3AlrSiuOr8+ loHro 3BeAlrOo+ 8H4SiO4: BerAlrSiuOrs+ 2AlrSiO5+ l6HrO 3BerSiOo+ 2AlrSiO5+ 7H4SiO4: 2BerAlrSiuOr8+ l4H2o aBeAlsioloH) + Bersio4 + 7H4sio4:2BerAlrsiuors + 14Hro 2BeAlrOo+ BerSiOo+ 3H4SiOo: 4BeAlSiOr(OH)+ 4HrO. -
Understanding the Formation of Caal2si2o8 in Melilite-Based Glass-Ceramics: Combined Diffraction and Spectroscopic Studies
This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. Article http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf Understanding the Formation of CaAl2Si2O8 in Melilite-Based Glass- Ceramics: Combined Diffraction and Spectroscopic Studies † ‡ † ‡ § ∥ ⊥ Amarnath R. Allu,*, , Sathravada Balaji, Dilshat U. Tulyaganov, , Glenn C. Mather, Fabian Margit, ∥ # ¶ # ∇ María J. Pascual, Reneé Siegel, Wolfgang Milius, Jürgen Senker, Dmitrii A. Agarkov, ∇ ‡ Vladislav V. Kharton, and JoséM. F. Ferreira*, † Glass Science and Technology Section, CSIRCentral Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 700032 Kolkata, India ‡ Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal § Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, 17, Small Ring, 100095 Tashkent, Uzbekistan ∥ Instituto de Ceramicá y Vidrio (CSIC), C/Kelsen 5, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain ⊥ Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Street 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary # ¶ Inorganic Chemistry III and Inorganic Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany ∇ Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow District, Russia *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: An assessment is undertaken for the formation of anorthite crystalline phase in a − − − melilite-based glass composition (CMAS: 38.7CaO 9.7MgO 12.9Al2O3 38.7SiO2 mol %), used as a sealing material in solid oxide fuel cells, in view of the detrimental effect of anorthite on the sealing properties. Several advanced characterization techniques are employed to assess the material after prolonged heat treatment, including neutron powder diffraction (ND), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), 29Si and 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), and in situ Raman spectroscopy. -
Progressive Metamorphism of Permian Siliceous Limestone and Dolomite
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/31 Progressive metamorphism of Permian siliceous limestone and dolomite - a complete sequence around a monzonite intrusion, Marble Canyon, Diablo Plateau, west Texas Thomas E. Bridge, 1980, pp. 225-229 in: Trans Pecos Region (West Texas), Dickerson, P. W.; Hoffer, J. M.; Callender, J. F.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 31st Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 308 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1980 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
The Anjahamiary Pegmatite, Fort Dauphin Area, Madagascar
The Anjahamiary pegmatite, Fort Dauphin area, Madagascar Federico Pezzotta* & Marc Jobin** * Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Corso Venezia 55, I-20121 Milano, Italy. ** SOMEMA, BP 6018, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. E-mail:<[email protected]> 21 February, 2003 INTRODUCTION Madagascar is among the most important areas in the world for the production, mainly in the past, of tourmaline (elbaite and liddicoatite) gemstones and mineral specimens. A large literature database documents the presence of a number of pegmatites rich in elbaite and liddicoatite. The pegmatites are mainly concentrated in central Madagascar, in a region including, from north to south, the areas of Tsiroanomandidy, Itasy, Antsirabe-Betafo, Ambositra, Ambatofinandrahana, Mandosonoro, Ikalamavony, Fenoarivo and Fianarantsoa (e.g. Pezzotta, 2001). In general, outside this large area, elbaite-liddicoatite-bearing pegmatites are rare and only minor discoveries have been made in the past. Nevertheless, some recent work made by the Malagasy company SOMEMEA, discovered a great potential for elbaite-liddicoatite gemstones and mineral specimens in a large, unusual pegmatite (the Anjahamiary pegmatite), hosted in high- metamorphic terrains. The Anjahamiary pegmatite lies in the Fort Dauphin (Tôlanaro) area, close to the southern coast of Madagascar. This paper reports a general description of this locality, and some preliminary results of the analytical studies of the accessory minerals collected at the mine. Among the most important analytical results is the presence of gemmy blue liddicoatite crystals with a very high Ca content, indicating the presence in this tourmaline crystal of composition near the liddicoatite end-member. LOCATION AND ACCESS The Anjahamiary pegmatite is located about 70 km NW of the town of Fort Dauphin (Tôlanaro) (Fig. -
Oxygen and Hydrogen Diffusion in Minerals
Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU Earth, Environment, and Society Faculty Publications School of Earth, Environment and Society 2010 Oxygen and Hydrogen Diffusion In Minerals John Richard Farver Bowling Green State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/sees_pub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Repository Citation Farver, John Richard, "Oxygen and Hydrogen Diffusion In Minerals" (2010). Earth, Environment, and Society Faculty Publications. 2. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/sees_pub/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Earth, Environment and Society at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Earth, Environment, and Society Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry Vol. 72 pp. 447-507, 2010 10 Copyright © Mineralogical Society of America Oxygen and Hydrogen Diffusion in Minerals John R. Farver Department of Geology Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, U.S.A. [email protected] INTRODUCTION This chapter provides a summary and review of experimentally determined oxygen and hydrogen volume diffusion in minerals. A very extensive and detailed review of stable isotope exchange processes including oxygen and hydrogen volume diffusion can be found in Cole and Chakraborty (2001) and a detailed review of hydrogen diffusion in minerals, especially nominally anhydrous minerals, can be found in Ingrin and Blanchard (2006). In addition, a detailed review of oxygen and hydrogen diffusion in silicate melts is provided by Zhang and Ni (2010), and oxygen and hydrogen diffusion rates can also be found in the chapters, in this volume, on specific minerals and mineral groups (e.g., Van Orman and Crispin 2010; Cherniak 2010). -
Shear Zone Initiation in the Marcy Anorthosite Massif, Adirondacks, New York, USA James Hodge University of Maine, [email protected]
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Summer 8-23-2019 Fractures, Fluids, and Metamorphism: Shear Zone Initiation in the Marcy Anorthosite Massif, Adirondacks, New York, USA James Hodge University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Geology Commons, and the Tectonics and Structure Commons Recommended Citation Hodge, James, "Fractures, Fluids, and Metamorphism: Shear Zone Initiation in the Marcy Anorthosite Massif, Adirondacks, New York, USA" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3050. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3050 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FRACTURES, FLUIDS, AND METAMORPHISM: SHEAR ZONE INITIATION IN THE MARCY ANORTHOSITE MASSIF, ADIRONDACKS, NEW YORK, USA By James Hodge B.S. College of Saint Rose, 2017 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Earth and Climate Sciences) The Graduate School The University of Maine August 2019 Advisory Committee: Scott Johnson, Professor and Director School of Earth and Climate Sciences, Advisor Chris Gerbi, Professor School of Earth and Climate Sciences, Advisor Alicia Cruz-Uribe, Professor School of Earth and Climate Sciences Martin Yates, Professor School of Earth and Climate Sciences FRACTURES, FLUIDS, AND METAMORPHISM: SHEAR ZONE INITIATION IN THE MARCY ANORTHOSITE MASSIF, ADIRONDACKS, NEW YORK, USA By James Hodge Thesis Advisors: Dr. -
High-Pressure Crystal Chemistry of Beryl (Beralrsi.Otr) and Euclase
American Mineralogist, Volume 71, pages 977-984, 1986 High-pressurecrystal chemistry of beryl (BerAlrSi.Otr) and euclase(BeAlSiO4OH) Rosnnr M. HaznN, ANonpw Y. Au, Llnnv W. FrNcnn GeophysicalLaboratory, CarnegieInstitution of Washington, 2801 Upton Street,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 Ansrnlcr Compressibilities and high-pressurecrystal structures of beryl and euclasehave beon determined by X-ray methods at severalpressures. Beryl (hexagonal,space group P6/mcc) has nearly isotropic compressibility; linear compressibilitiesperpendicular and parallel to the c axis ateB':1.72 + 0.04 x l0-a kbar-'and B,:2.10 + 0.09 x 10-akbar-'. The correspondingbulk modulus is 1.70 + 0.05 Mbar if the pressurederivative of the bulk modulus K'is assumedto be 4. Euclase(monoclinic, spacegroup P2r/a)has anisotropic compression,with maximum compressibrlity of 2.44 + 0.05 x l0-a kbar-l parallel to the unique monoclinic b axis, and minimum compressibility of 1.50 + 0.03 x 10-a kbar-' approximately parallel to [01]. The intermediate axis of compressionhas a magnitude of 1.96 + 0.05 x lO-akbar-'in the a-c plane.The bulk modulus of euclaseis 1.59 t 0.03 Mbar if K' is assumedto be 4. The bulk moduli ofBe, Al, and Si cation coordination polyhedrain beryl are all consistent with 1.7 Mbar, which is the crystal bulk modulus. Beryl compressionoccurs primarily by shorteningof cation-anion bond distances.In euclase,the 2.3-Mbar polyhedralbulk moduli are significantly greater than the observed 1.6-Mbar crystal modulus. Compression in euclase,particularly along the b crystallographicaxis, results from a combination of poly- hedral compressionand changesin interpolyhedral angles. -
Canadian Mineralogist, 51
785 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 51, pp. 785-800 (2013) DOI : 10.3749/canmin.51.5.785 A COMBINED GEOCHEMICAL AND GEOCHRONOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF NIOCALITE FROM THE OKA CARBONATITE COMPLEX, CANADA WEI CHEN§, ANTONIO SIMONETTI, AND PETER C. BURNS* Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556 USA ABSTRACT This study is the first to report a detailed geochemical investigation and in situ U-Pb ages for niocalite, which occurs within carbonatite from the Bond Zone area of the Oka Carbonatite Complex (Canada). Niocalite is a Nb-disilicate member of the låvenite−cuspidine group. The major element composition of the niocalite studied here is relatively homogeneous with the average formula of: (Na0.34Fe0.06Mn0.19Mg0.09Ca13.40REE0.15Ti0.02)Σ14.25Nb2.12Ta0.06(Si2O7)4O7.65F2.44. Niocalite is enriched in minor and trace elements [i.e., Ta, Ti, and rare earth elements (REEs) up to 4.35 wt.%], with double- and triple-valenced elements (i.e., Sr, Y, REEs) substituting at different Ca-occupied lattice sites. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns for niocalite are LREE-enriched (~104 times chondrite) and negatively sloped. In addition, niocalite has higher HREE contents compared to those for co-existing apatite from the identical carbonatite sample. This result is expected based on bond valence data because of differing cation sizes. In situ U-Pb ages for niocalite from three carbonatite samples obtained by LA-ICP-MS define a wide range of ages, between ~111 and ~133 Ma. Niocalite from one carbonatite sample yields a bimodal distribution with weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 110.1 ± 5.0 Ma and 133.2 ± 6.1 Ma, and overlap those of co-existing apatite for the same sample. -
Adamsite-(Y), a New Sodium–Yttrium Carbonate Mineral
1457 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 38, pp. 1457-1466 (2000) ADAMSITE-(Y), A NEW SODIUM–YTTRIUM CARBONATE MINERAL SPECIES FROM MONT SAINT-HILAIRE, QUEBEC JOEL D. GRICE§ and ROBERT A. GAULT Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada ANDREW C. ROBERTS Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada MARK A. COOPER Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada ABSTRACT Adamsite-(Y), ideally NaY(CO3)2•6H2O, is a newly identified mineral from the Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. It occurs as groups of colorless to white and pale pink, rarely pale purple, flat, acicular to fibrous crystals. These crystals are up to 2.5 cm in length and form spherical radiating aggregates. Associated minerals include aegirine, albite, analcime, ancylite-(Ce), calcite, catapleiite, dawsonite, donnayite-(Y), elpidite, epididymite, eudialyte, eudidymite, fluorite, franconite, gaidonnayite, galena, genthelvite, gmelinite, gonnardite, horváthite-(Y), kupletskite, leifite, microcline, molybdenite, narsarsukite, natrolite, nenadkevichite, petersenite-(Ce), polylithionite, pyrochlore, quartz, rhodochrosite, rutile, sabinaite, sérandite, siderite, sphalerite, thomasclarkite-(Y), zircon and an unidentified Na–REE carbonate (UK 91). The transparent to translucent mineral has a vitreous to pearly luster and a white streak. It is soft (Mohs hardness 3) and brittle with perfect {001} and good {100} and {010} cleav- ␣  ␥ ° ° ages. Adamsite-(Y) is biaxial positive, = V 1.480(4), = 1.498(2), = 1.571(4), 2Vmeas. = 53(3) , 2Vcalc. = 55 and is nonpleochroic. Optical orientation: X = [001], Y = b, Z a = 14° (in  obtuse). It is triclinic, space group P1,¯ with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a 6.262(2), b 13.047(6), c 13.220(5) Å, ␣ 91.17(4),  103.70(4), ␥ 89.99(4)°, V 1049.1(5) Å3 and Z = 4. -
Mineralogy of the Martian Surface
EA42CH14-Ehlmann ARI 30 April 2014 7:21 Mineralogy of the Martian Surface Bethany L. Ehlmann1,2 and Christopher S. Edwards1 1Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109 Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2014. 42:291–315 Keywords First published online as a Review in Advance on Mars, composition, mineralogy, infrared spectroscopy, igneous processes, February 21, 2014 aqueous alteration The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is online at earth.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: The past fifteen years of orbital infrared spectroscopy and in situ exploration 10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-055024 have led to a new understanding of the composition and history of Mars. Copyright c 2014 by Annual Reviews. Globally, Mars has a basaltic upper crust with regionally variable quanti- by California Institute of Technology on 06/09/14. For personal use only. All rights reserved ties of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine associated with distinctive terrains. Enrichments in olivine (>20%) are found around the largest basins and Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2014.42:291-315. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org within late Noachian–early Hesperian lavas. Alkali volcanics are also locally present, pointing to regional differences in igneous processes. Many ma- terials from ancient Mars bear the mineralogic fingerprints of interaction with water. Clay minerals, found in exposures of Noachian crust across the globe, preserve widespread evidence for early weathering, hydrothermal, and diagenetic aqueous environments. Noachian and Hesperian sediments include paleolake deposits with clays, carbonates, sulfates, and chlorides that are more localized in extent.