2017

Annual Report

NATIONAL ACADEMY of MEDICINE This page intentionally left blank Contents

About the National Academy of Medicine 5 Letter from the President 7 2018-2019 NAM Council 9 Organizational Chart 10 2018-2023 Strategic Plan 11 Program Highlights 13 Responding to Critical and Pressing Issues Collective Action to Combat Clinician Burnout 14 Building an International Scientific Framework for Human Genome Editing 17 Confronting the U.S. Opioid Epidemic 18 Advising the Nation and the World on the Future of Health and Health Care Guiding Policy for Better Health and Health Care 22 Advancing Health Equity 24 Measuring What Matters to Improve the U.S. Health System 27 Building a Framework for Patient- and Family-Engaged Care 28 Ensuring High-Quality Care for High-Need Patients 29 Leading and Inspiring for the Future Sparking Scientific and Social Innovation to Prepare for Global Aging 32 Sharing Science Through Storytelling 33 Enriching the Next Generation of Leaders 34 Member Spotlight 37 Members Inducted in 2017 (Class of 2016) 39 Members Elected in 2017 (Class of 2017) 42 2017 Annual Meeting 44 Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Symposium 45 In Memoriam 46 Awards 47 Gustav O. Lienhard Award for the Advancement of Health Care 48 Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat International Prize in Mental Health 49 Member Awards 50 Publications 51 Finances 59 Donor Recognition 61 Complete Program Listing 81 Contact Information 91

4 About the National Academy of Medicine

Founded in 1970 as the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) is one of three academies that make up the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). Operating under the 1863 congressional charter of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academies provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

The National Academy of Medicine is:

An independent, evidence-based scientific advisor. To carry out our work, we harness the talents and expertise of accomplished, thoughtful volunteers and undertake meticulous processes to avoid and balance bias. Our foundational goal is to be the nation’s most reliable source for credible scientific and policy advice on matters concerning human health. A national academy with global scope. Although the National Academies were originally created to advise the U.S. government and advance the well-being of the U.S. population, our mandate is now much broader. The NAM includes members from across the globe and partners with organizations worldwide to address challenges that affect us all. Committed to catalyzing action and achieving impact. We identify and generate momentum around critical issues in health; marshal diverse expertise to build evidence-based solutions; inspire action through collaboration and public engagement; and foster the next generation of leaders and innovators. Collaborative and interdisciplinary. In partnership with the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and other stakeholders, the NAM draws on expertise across disciplines and domains to advance science, medicine, technology, and health. An honorific society for exceptional leaders. The NAM has more than 2,000 members elected by their peers in recognition of outstanding achievement. Through a commitment to volunteer service, NAM members help guide the work and advance the mission of the NAM and the National Academies.

5 NAM President Victor J. Dzau, MD, addresses members at the 2017 Annual Meeting.

6 Letter from the President

For nearly 50 years, since its founding as the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) has been committed to upholding the essential role of science and evidence in improving human health.

Today, amid unprecedented challenges in the Following the tragic mass shootings in Las United States and worldwide—from the ero- Vegas and Parkland, we drew on the 2013 sion of scientific authority in public discourse report Priorities for Research to Reduce the to devastating natural disasters, infectious Threat of Firearm-Related Violence to urge the disease outbreaks, and gun violence—that adoption of a thorough public health research foundational commitment has never been agenda to stem the epidemic of violence. more important. I am pleased that Congress clarified the In this report, we share recent highlights spending bill provision known as the Dickey from the NAM’s programs, which are Amendment, which had acted as a decades- working to advance science, inform policy, long legislative barrier to federally funded and improve health across many fronts. We firearm research. Finally, there is a pathway to also acknowledge the contributions of NAM an evidence-based analysis of one of the most members, volunteers, and donors in 2017, important issues of our time. whose expertise, commitment, and support Of course, we must do far more than look makes our important work possible. to our past work to inform current challenges. During the past year, we spoke out more As we approach the 50th anniversary of our strongly than ever before in defense of science founding in 1970, we are turning our attention and evidence as the north star for effective to the next five decades and mapping the policy making. As challenges emerged, I am greatest priorities and opportunities in proud that we were able to respond quickly health. We have just completed a strategic with authoritative guidance. For example, plan (described further on page 11) to guide when misinformation spread about health our work and build an infrastructure that will risks from vaccines—leading to a preventable sustain our mission for decades to come. outbreak of measles in Michigan—we Among several overarching goals is the redistributed our extensive body of evidence imperative to “lead and inspire action on on vaccines’ proven safety and immense bold ideas to impact science, medicine, societal benefit. policy, and health equity domestically and After the catastrophic string of hurricanes in globally.” We are preparing to face some of Florida, Texas, and Puerto Rico, we leveraged the monumental challenges and opportunities our series of reports on disaster preparedness before us, such as the aging global population, and response to advise officials from the U.S. the fragility of our ecosystems, the growing Department of Health and Human Services threat of pandemic disease, and technological and the Federal Emergency Management frontiers that were unimaginable just a few Agency about how to rebuild communities to years ago. promote better health and greater resilience in the future. Continued

7 To meet the needs of the future, we address disparities in health and access to must break down barriers and embrace care worldwide. We must create policy and the convergence of scientific disciplines. incentives that reward innovation and ensure We must equip the scientific and medical scientific advancement. And we must build workforces of the future with the appropriate the tools and mindset required to confront skills and an ethical framework to navigate a multitude of challenges we cannot yet a rapidly changing landscape. We must anticipate.

I look forward with pride and determination to another year of progress toward our vision—a healthier future for everyone.

Victor J. Dzau, MD

8 2018-2019 NAM Council

The National Academy of Medicine is governed by a Council composed of NAM members elected by the membership.

Victor J. Dzau, MD (Chair) R. Alta Charo, JD, Warren P. Lynn R. Goldman, MD, Margaret Hamburg, MD Knowles Professor of Law & MPH, Dean, School of Public (Foreign Secretary); President, Bioethics, School of Law and Health and Health Services; American Association for the Department of Medical History Professor, Environmental Advancement of Science and Bioethics, School of Medi- and Occupational Health, The cine and Public Health, Univer- George Washington University Jane E. Henney, MD sity of Wisconsin–Madison (Home Secretary) Eve J. Higginbotham, MD, Angela Diaz, MD, MPH, Vice Dean, Inclusion and Di- Keith R. Yamamoto, PhD Jean C. and James W. Crystal versity; Senior Fellow, Leonard (Vice Chair); Vice Chancellor for Professor of Adolescent Health, Davis Institute of Health Eco- Science Policy and Strategy; Department of Pediatrics and nomics; Professor of Ophthal- Vice Dean for Research, School Department of Preventive mology, Scheie Eye Institute; of Medicine; Professor, Cellular Medicine, Icahn School of Medi- Perelman School of Medicine, & Molecular Pharmacology, cine at Mount Sinai University of Pennsylvania University of California, San Francisco Mark C. Fishman, MD, Raynard Kington, MD, PhD, Professor of Stem Cell and President, Grinnell College Nancy Andrews, PhD, MD, Regenerative Biology, Harvard Story Landis, PhD, Scientist Vice Chancellor and Dean, University Duke University School of Emeritus, National Institute of Medicine Linda P. Fried, MD, MPH, Neurological Disorders and Dean and DeLamar Profes- Stroke Jeffrey R. Balser, MD, PhD, sor of Public Health, Joseph Albert Reece, MD, PhD, President and CEO, Vanderbilt L. Mailman School of Public University Medical Center; MBA, Vice President for Health, Columbia University; Medical Affairs, University of Dean, School of Medicine, Professor of Epidemiology Vanderbilt University Maryland; John Z. and Akiko K. and Medicine; Senior Vice Bowers Distinguished Profes- Claire Brindis, DrPH, Caldwell President, Columbia Univer- sor and Dean, University of B. Esselstyn Chair in Health sity Medical Center Maryland School of Medicine Policy Studies; Director, Philip Elena Fuentes-Afflick, MD, Sanford Schwartz, MD, Leon R. Lee Institute for Health Policy MPH, Professor of Pediatrics; Studies; Professor of Pediatrics Hess Professor of Medicine, Vice Dean for Academic Affairs; Health Management and and Health Policy; University of University of California, San California, San Francisco Economics, Perelman School Francisco of Medicine and Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania

The NAM extends its gratitude to Council members whose terms end in July 2018: Sheila Burke, MPA, RN, Harvard Kennedy School; Elaine Fuchs, PhD, The Rockefeller University; Diane Griffin, MD, PhD, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Steven Hyman, MD, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; and Gilbert Omenn, MD, PhD, University of Michigan

9 Organizational Chart

LEADERSHIP

Victor J. Dzau Jane Henney Peggy Hamburg President Home Secretary Foreign Secretary

J. Michael McGinnis Leonard D. Schaeffer Executive Officer

OPERATIONS

President’s Office Finance & Administration Morgan Kanarek, Chief of Staff Adrienne Anzanello, Director Celynne Balatbat, Special Assistant Membership & Governance Communications Meg McCoy, Director Laura DeStefano, Director Strategy, Evaluation, & Advancement Development Anne-Marie Mazza, Director Jackie Wood, Director

PROGRAMS

Clinician Well-Being & Resilience Innovation to Incubation Charlee M. Alexander, Director Ivory Clarke, Director

Culture of Health Leadership Consortium for a Value Charlee M. Alexander, Co-Director & Science-Driven Health System Ivory Clarke, Co-Director J. Michael McGinnis, Executive Director Michelle Johnston-Fleece, Henrietta Osei-Anto, Y. Claire Wang, & Emerging Leaders Forum Danielle Whicher, Directors Meg McCoy, Co-Director Gregg Margolis, Co-Director Responding to the U.S. Opioid Epidemic Health Policy Fellowships Elizabeth Finkelman, Director & Leadership Programs Gregg Margolis, Director Vital Directions for Health & Health Care Healthy Longevity Elizabeth Finkelman, Director Elizabeth Finkelman, Director

10 2018-2023 Strategic Plan

In July 2015, the Institute of Medicine was reconstituted as the National Academy of Medicine, beginning a new era for our organization. Meanwhile, the world in which we operate has undergone significant change.

To that end, we established a planning com- strategic guidance in ways that will advance mittee and engaged NAM members, volun- the mission. The plan follows a roadmap that teers, and other expert consultants in an starts with “game-changing” bold ideas and 18-month process to develop a strategic plan key leverage points that can achieve significant that positions the organization for maximum impact on health and health equity. Next, it impact over the next 5 years. The plan was identifies stakeholders, actions, resources, and completed in Fall 2017 and an implementation outcomes for a program of activities to achieve framework was approved by the NAM Council the mission. Key to success of the mission in early 2018. will be marshaling the necessary resources to The NAM remains committed above all to its implement these activities. Finally, evaluating central mandate to provide independent, both processes and outcomes across activi- objective, evidence-based ties will inform future advice on matters of programming and ac- medicine, health, biomed- tions that advance the ical sciences, and health mission. Importantly, policy. Building on this Strategic Plan 2018-2023 the plan also builds on core scientific advisory the NAM’s strengths, function, the 2018-2023 Goalposts for a Healthier Future including who we are plan adds an emphasis on as an organization and health equity and high- our core values. lights a global focus in ad- We identified three dition to its longstanding goals that will allow us domestic charge. To to extend our advisory achieve this new organi- role to inspire action zational mission, the NAM in the United States will expand its advisory and globally; activate role to capitalize on its our membership and strength as a trusted convener with the ability engage and nurture the next generation of to enlist new stakeholders and partners in the leaders to advance our mission; and build the United States and throughout the world. field for the future by bridging multiple disci- The plan elevates the NAM as an innova- plines and inspiring diverse young people to tive, resourceful, dynamic organization and a contribute to the fields of health and medicine. continuously learning Academy that is adap- An outline of the 2018-2023 plan appears tive, resilient, and effective in a rapidly chang- on the following page. To read the complete ing environment. As such, the plan is not plan, visit nam.edu/2018StrategicPlan prescriptive, but rather is designed to provide

11 NAM StrategicNAM Strategic Plan At a Plan Glance at a Glance

To improve health for all by advancing science, accelerating MISSION health equity, and providing independent, authoritative, and trusted advice nationally and globally.

VISION A healthy future for everyone.

Scientific excellence and rigor. VALUES Objectivity and independence. Diversity, inclusion, and equity.

Actively identify and address critical issues with balanced and authoritative scientific evidence; and lead and inspire action on bold ideas to impact science, medicine, policy, and health equity domestically and globally. STRATEGIC Diversify and activate the membership of the Academy GOALS and engage emerging leaders and scholars to enhance our leadership capacity and address new contexts and challenges. Build leadership capacity across diverse disciplines to shape the future of health and medicine.

Increase the Academy’s capacity. FOUNDATIONAL Expand partnerships. ACTIVITIES Engage globally. Monitor and evaluate progress.

12 Three core priorities guide the NAM’s work: 1) responding to critical and pressing issues; 2) advising the nation and the world on the future of health and health care; and 3) leading and inspiring for the future. In the sections that follow, learn about our recent progress toward each of these goals.

Responding to Critical & Pressing Issues

13 Collective Action to Combat Clinician Burnout

NAM Action Collaborative and action from multiple stakeholders— including health system leaders, policy mak- on Clinician Well-Being & ers, insurers, health IT vendors, researchers, Resilience educators, clinicians, trainees, and patients. To that end, the NAM launched the Action Clinicians of all kinds—including physicians, Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being & Resil- nurses, dentists, pharmacists, trainees, and ience, a network of more than 60 organiza- others—are experiencing burnout at alarming tions committed to reversing trends in clinician rates. Burnout is a syndrome characterized burnout. Chaired by NAM president Victor J. by a high degree of emotional exhaustion and Dzau and co-chaired by Darrell Kirch, presi- depersonalization and a low sense of personal dent and CEO of the Association of American accomplishment at work. Burnout can have Medical Colleges, and Thomas Nasca, CEO of serious, wide-ranging consequences, from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical reduced job performance to—in the most Education, the Action Collaborative has three extreme cases—clinical errors or suicide. In primary goals: short, burnout not only causes significant 1. Improve baseline understanding of chal- personal suffering, but threatens the overall lenges to clinician well-being. function of our health system. 2. Raise the visibility of clinician stress and We know that burnout is a systems issue burnout. driven by factors largely outside the control of 3. Elevate evidence-based, multidisciplinary individual clinicians. Therefore, building a sys- solutions that will improve patient care tem that promotes well-being requires buy-in by caring for the caregiver.

14 Since its launch in January 2017, notable In late 2017, participants unanimously accomplishments of the Action Collaborative agreed to extend the term of the Action FACTORS AFFECTINGinclude CLINICIAN multiple publications WELL-BEING and public ANDCollaborative RESILIENCE for another two years (through events, including a congressional briefing; the 2020). The NAM will launch a consensus This conceptual model depicts thecollection factors associated of more thanwith clinician150 formal well-being statements and resilience; study applies in June these 2018 factors on systems across all approaches health care professions, to specialties, settings, and career stages; and emphasizes the link between clinician well-being and outcomes for clinicians, patients, and the health system. The model should be used to understand well-being, rather than as a diagnosticof commitment or assessment from tool. organizations The model will working be revised to as theimprove field develops patient and care more by supportinginformation becomesclinician available. Subsequent layers of the model, and an interactive versionpromote of the model, clinician are inwell-being; development a comprehensive in conjunction with well-being.the Action Collaborative’s other working groups and will be made available shortly. conceptual model to characterize the factors To access resources from the Action EXTERNAL FACTORS that influence clinician well-being (below); and Collaborative and learn how you can get INDIVIDUAL FACTORS an online knowledge hub to share resources involved, visit nam.edu/CW. SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS and promote solutions. HEALTH CARE ROLE • Alignment of societal expectations and • Administrative responsibilities clinician’s role • Alignment of responsibility and authority • Culture of safety and transparency • Clinical responsibilities • Discrimination and overt and unconscious bias • Learning/career stage • Media portrayal • Patient population • Patient behaviors and expectations • Specialty related issues • Political and economic climates • Student/trainee responsibilities • Social determinants of health L • Teaching and research responsibilities • Stigmatization of mental illness CIO-CULTURA SO S H FACTOR EA PERSONAL FACTORS REGULATORY, BUSINESS, L TH • Inclusion and connectivity & RO C • Family dynamics & PAYER ENVIRONMENT L AR SS E E • Financial stressors/economic vitality • Accreditation, high-stakes assessments, and E T • Flexibility and ability to respond to change N N publicized quality ratings I • Level of engagement/connection to • Documentation and reporting requirements US IAN WELL-B meaning and purpose in work • HR policies and compensation issues IC EI , B IN N • Personality traits Y L G • Initial licensure and certification IRONME C R • Personal values, ethics and morals • Insurance company policies V O IENT R • Physical, mental, and spiritual well-being • Litigation risk T AT EL -P AT • Relationships and social support • Maintenance of licensure and certification LA R EN N IO • Sense of meaning E IA National and state policies and practices N P

• FACTO GU C • Work-life integration • Reimbursement structure AY I S E

H R RE P N I • Shifting systems of care and administrative I S

PATIENT P

L

O

requirements C SKILLS AND ABILITIES N

WELL-BEING RS A • Clinical Competency level/experience ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS L O • Communication skills • Bureaucracy RG • Coping skills

• Congruent organizational mission and values AN • Delegation F • Culture, leadership, and staff engagement A • Empathy I • Data collection requirements C Z • Management and leadership ATIO • Diversity and Inclusion TO • Mastering new technologies or proficient • Harassment and discrimination RS use of technology Level of support for all healthcare team members N • A • Mentorship • Power dynamics L • Optimizing work flow • Professional development opportunities AND • Organizational skills • Scope of practice S • Resilience LL ES • Workload, performance, compensation, and value I ITI • Teamwork skills IL attributed to work elements LEARN SK B ING/PRA A EN CTICE LEARNING/PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT VIRONM • Autonomy ENT • Collaborative vs. competitive environment • Curriculum • Health IT interoperability and usability/Electronic health records • Learning and practice setting • Mentorship • Physical learning and practice conditions A snapshot from the Conceptual Model of Factors • Professional relationships Affecting Clinician Well-Being and Resilience; for the • Student affairs policies • Student-centered and patient-centered focus complete model, visit nam.edu/ClinicianWellBeing. • Team structures and functionality • Workplace safety and violence Learn more at nam.edu/ClinicianWellBeing

15 Resources Available from the Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being & Resilience

Clinician Well-Being Knowledge Hub The Clinician Well-Being Knowledge Hub is a first-of-its-kind comprehensive resource repository to help organizations learn more about clinician burnout and the solutions that promise a brighter, healthier future. The knowledge hub includes research articles, news articles, blog posts, toolkits, reports, and briefs that provide further insight into the causes of clinician burnout; its consequences for health care professionals, patients, and their families; and innovative approaches that organizations can take to promote well-being.

Other Tools • Conceptual Model: Factors Affecting Clinician Well-Being and Resilience • Validated Instruments to Assess Work-Related Dimensions of Well-Being

Selected Publications • Burnout Among Health Care Professionals: A Call to Explore and Address This Underrecognized Threat to Safe, High-Quality Care (Dyrbye, L., T. D. Shanafelt, C. A. Sinsky, P. F. Cipriano, J. Bhatt, A. K. Ommaya, C. P. West, and D. Meyers; NAM Perspectives) • A Journey to Construct an All-Encompassing Conceptual Model of Factors Affecting Clinician Well-Being and Resilience (Brigham, T., C. Barden, A. Legreid Dopp, A. Hengerer, J. Kaplan, B. Malone, C. Martin, M. McHugh, and L. M. Nora; NAM Perspectives) • Care-Centered Clinical Documentation in the Digital Environment: Solutions to Alleviate Burnout (Ommaya, A. K., P. F. Cipriano, D. B. Hoyt, K. A. Horvath, P. Tang, H. L. Paz, M. S. DeFrancesco, S. T. Hingle, S. Butler, and C. A. Sinsky; NAM Perspectives) • Nurse Suicide: Breaking the Silence (Davidson, J., J. Mendis, A. R. Stuck, G. DeMichele, and S. Zisook; NAM Perspectives)

16 Building an International Scientific Framework for Human Genome Editing

A Joint Initiative of the NAM the world with a comprehensive understanding of human gene editing to help inform decision- and the National Academy of making about this research and its application. Sciences In early 2017, the NAM and NAS released the consensus study Human Genome Powerful new gene-editing technologies, Editing: Science, Governance, and Ethics. such as CRISPR-Cas9, hold great promise for The study provides recommendations to advancing science and treating disease (such guide international use of gene editing as sickle cell anemia, pictured above), but they technologies in the following areas: basic also raise concerns and present complex chal- laboratory research, somatic genome editing, lenges, particularly because of their potential germline (heritable) genome editing, genetic to be used to make genetic changes that could enhancement, and public engagement. The be passed on to future generations, thereby report has been downloaded in 149 countries. modifying the human germline. Access the report and related materials at In keeping with the National Academies’ nationalacademies.org/GeneEditing. past leadership on controversial new areas The study followed a 2015 International of genetic research, such as recombinant Summit on Human Gene Editing, which DNA technology, human embryonic stem was cohosted by the NAM, NAS, Chinese cell research, human cloning, and “gain-of- Academy of Sciences, and the UK Royal function” research, the NAM and the National Society. Planning is currently under way for Academy of Sciences (NAS) launched a human a second international summit in Hong Kong gene-editing initiative to provide researchers, in November 2018 to build on the report’s clinicians, policy makers, and societies around recommendations.

Image credit: sicklecellanaemia.org 17 Sharing Knowledge and Aligning Action Across Sectors

Confronting the U.S. Opioid Epidemic

The opioid epidemic is now the most lethal Commissioned by the U.S. Food and and far-reaching public health threat facing Drug Administration (FDA) as part of its the nation. Nearly 65,000 Americans died Opioids Action Plan, the report contains from a drug overdose in 2016, a 21 percent recommendations for state and federal increase over the previous year—making drug agencies, health professional organizations, overdose the leading cause of death among and research sponsors. In early 2018, the Americans under age 50. Nearly half of opioid National Academies began working with the overdose deaths in 2016 were related to FDA to develop a statement of task for a medications obtained legally by prescription, possible follow-up study that will focus on sparking deep concern among leaders in the prescribing guidelines. Download the report at health care sector. There is a clear need for nationalacademies.org/OpioidStudy. clinicians to join forces with government, law Clinician leadership, including appropriate enforcement, community organizations, and prescribing, is also the subject of an NAM other stakeholders to develop solutions that special publication completed at the request will prevent future opioid misuse and aid of the National Governors Association individuals and communities currently in the in September 2017. First Do No Harm: grip of a formidable addiction. Marshaling Clinician Leadership to Counter In July 2017, the National Academies the Opioid Epidemic is informed by, and released the consensus report Pain builds on, existing professional initiatives and Management and the Opioid Epidemic: guidelines to offer axioms for responsible Balancing Societal and Individual Benefits prescribing practices and recognition and and Risks of Prescription Opioid Use. treatment of substance use disorder; as

18 Sharing Knowledge and Aligning Action Across Sectors

well as actions clinicians can take to improve keynote address on “The Future of Chronic the skills, effectiveness, and care capacity Pain Management: From Non-Opioid Drugs essential in the face of the growing need. to Antibodies to Cell Transplants” by Allan Download the special publication at nam. Basbaum of the University of California, San edu/FirstDoNoHarm. Francisco. Access the recording at nam.edu/ In October 2017, days before President Rosenthal2017. Donald Trump declared the opioid crisis a The NAM recognizes that more is needed public health emergency, the opioid epidemic than research and conversation. The was the subject of the annual President’s epidemic is not abating. Therefore, in 2018 Forum at the NAM Annual Meeting. NAM and the years ahead, we are assembling an president Victor Dzau led a dynamic Action Collaborative to unite government, discussion about challenges and possible health leaders, community organizations, cross-sectoral solutions among VADM Jerome law enforcement, and other stakeholders Adams, U.S. Surgeon General; Charles Baker, around common goals and facilitate Governor of Massachusetts; Scott Gottlieb, coordinated, short-term action. In particular, Commissioner of the FDA; Steve Leifman, a the Collaborative will focus on prescribing judge in the Miami-Dade County Court; and guidelines, clinician education across the Kathleen Sebelius, former Secretary of the U.S. continuum of care, and treatment of addiction. Department of Health and Human Services. The National Academies are also working The dicussion continued, this time from with FDA and the National Institute on Drug the lens of alternative therapies to opioids, at Abuse on two additional consensus studies the annual Richard and Hinda Rosenthal to examine appropriate prescribing and Symposium. Co-hosted by the University medication-assisted treatment. of Michigan, the symposium featured a

FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, Miami-Dade County Judge Steve Leifman, and U.S. Surgeon General VADM Jerome Adams talk during the President’s Forum at the 2017 NAM Annual Meeting (not pictured: former HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius and Massachusetts Governor Charles Baker) 19 This page intentionally left blank Advising the Nation & the World on the Future of Health & Health Care

21 Guiding Policy for Better Health & Health Care

What can be more vital to each of us than our health? Yet, despite unprecedented health care spending, the U.S. health system is substantially underperforming, especially with respect to what should be possible, given current knowledge.

sess opportunities for substantially improving the health and well-being of Americans, the quality of care delivered, and the contributions of science and technology. Months before the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the NAM pub- lished the experts’ recommendations in 19 dis- cussion papers and a companion series in the Journal of the American Medical Association. In March 2017, the Vital Directions steering committee issued a final paper synthesizing the existing findings and recommending eight streamlined priorities for policy makers to improve U.S. health and health care. Follow- ing a public press conference to announce the priorities, NAM leadership met extensively with members of Congress and the Executive Branch to promote their use of Vital Directions as a policy blueprint. The complete collection of papers is now available as an NAM special publication (download at nam.edu/vitaldirections). The collection identifies practical and affordable steps that can and must be taken across eight Although the United States is currently de- action and infrastructure priorities, ranging voting 18% of its Gross Domestic Product to from paying for value and connecting care, to delivering medical care—more than $3 trillion measuring what matters most and accelerat- annually and nearly double the expenditure of ing the capture of real-world evidence. With- other advanced industrialized countries—the out understating the difficulty of the changes U.S. health system ranked only 37th in perfor- needed, in Vital Directions the NAM offers mance in a World Health Organization assess- an important resource and actionable steps ment of member nations. for health, policy, and leaders at all levels to In its Vital Directions for Health & Health achieve better health outcomes at lower cost. Care Initiative, the NAM marshaled the wisdom of more than 150 of the nation’s best researchers and health policy experts to as-

22 Vital Directions for Health & Health Care A Checklist for Policy-Makers Vital Directions for Health & Health Care: A Checklist for Policy Makers

Pay for value—deliver better health and better results for all • Tie payments and incentives to value and outcomes • Help clinicians develop the core competencies they need to succeed • Advance care and payment models that integrate medical and non-medical services Empower people—democratize action for health • Link care with personal context • Ensure health care information is available, understandable, and useful for all • Promote effective telehealth tools and clinician links to patients and families • Guarantee patients access, ownership, and protection of their health data Activate communities—collaborate locally to mobilize resources for health • Invest in local leadership and capacity to drive community health collaboration and initiatives • Strengthen community-based assessment and strategies targeting high-need individuals • Build strong state-based capacity to guide, assist, and coordinate local health efforts Connect care—implement seamless digital interfaces for the best care • Ensure clinical data accessibility and use through infrastructure and regulatory changes • Enforce principles and standards for end-to-end (system/clinician/individual) interoperability • Implement data and IT strategies that promote a continuously learning health system

Measure what matters most—use consistent core metrics • Focus reliably and consistently on the factors most important to better health and care • Create the national capacity to identify, standardize, implement, and revise core measures • Invest in the science of performance measurement

Modernize skills—train 21st-century health care & science workforces • Reform health workforce training to emphasize teams, innovation, and continuous improvement • Create new education and training pathways to maintain a robust science workforce

Accelerate real-world evidence—integrate clinical care data for progress • Draw on real-world clinical data to accelerate knowledge & improve care, outcomes, & innovation • Foster a culture of data sharing by strengthening incentives and standards • Partner with patients and families to invest them in evidence generation and data sharing Advance science—forge innovation-ready research and partnerships • Promote practices and policies for scientific innovation and collaboration • Support an adaptive and patient-engaged regulatory framework • Foster cross-disciplinary and public-private partnerships for continuous learning

For the complete Vital Directions collection and related resources, visit NAM.edu/VitalDirections

23 Leadership • Innovation • Impact for a healthier future Advancing Health Equity

Building a Culture of Health In 2017, the first COHP consensus study was published: Communities in Action: Pathways The NAM’s Culture of Health Program (COHP) to Health Equity. The study examined nine is a multiyear collaborative effort to identify exemplar communities across the United strategies to create and sustain conditions States to highlight promising community- that support equitable good health for every- based solutions in the context of 1) key levers, one in America. With the oversight of an ex- such as policies; 2) key relationships, such as pert advisory committee, the COHP is working cross-sectoral partnerships; and 3) other ele- toward four primary goals: ments needed to be successful. To translate the science and equip stake- 1. Lead: Build a knowledge base to inform holders with concise, actionable information, a actions and partnerships that will advance suite of dissemination materials are available at health equity nationalacademies.org/healthequityhub. 2. Translate: Bridge science to action for These include a conceptual model; targeted measurable progress briefs for sectors including transportation, 3. Impact: Strengthen capacity in communi- education, faith-based groups, businesses, ties and inform legal, policy, and system foundations, and many more; and a comic book reform version of the report’s recommendations. 4. Sustain: Transform culture to accelerate The NAM also created a first-of-its-kind progress in areas that still have significant short documentary series titled Communities health disparities Driving Heath Equity. This collection of three 5-minute videos uses storytelling to tangibly

24 share lessons from three of the community or- ganizations featured in the consensus report: People United for Sustainable Housing in Buffalo, NY; Indianapolis Congregation Action Network (now Faith in Indiana) in In- dianapolis, IN; and Kokua Kalihi Valley Com- prehensive Family Services in Honolulu, HI. Collectively, the films have been viewed more than 100,000 times, far exceeding past bench- marks. See the documentaries at nam.edu/ drivinghealthequity. To build on findings from the initial nine communities studied, the NAM visited 11 addi- tional communities during summer 2017. We collected information about the key principles that guide each organization’s work; which social determinants of health are of greatest concern; and which partnerships are most es- sential to enable their work. A synthesis of this research, along with community case studies, will be made available in 2018. Three new consensus studies—on health equity concerns in the prenatal through early childhood years and adolescence, respectively,­ and on integration of health and social needs care—have been launched and are due for publication in 2019. Finally, to engage audiences at the commu- nity level and broaden the conversation about health equity, the NAM hosted its first-ever community art show, “Visualize Health Equity.” We called on people across the country to submit artwork of all kinds—visual, writing, music, film, and more—to share what health equity looks, feels, and sounds like to them. Thirty pieces were displayed as an interactive component of a COHP stakeholder Above: Scenes from Communities Driving meeting in November 2017, and 100 pieces Health Equity documentary series are on display in a permanent online gallery at nam.edu/visualizehealthequity. As an exciting example of impact, groups across the nation—including health departments, uni- versities, and libraries—are now hosting their own versions of the show. 25 Selections from the Visualize Health Equity Art Show nam.edu/VisualizeHealthEquity

“Imagine Belonging” by Connie Cagampang Heller

“Family Matters” by Birmingham “Cole Blue, Full of Valor” by Mia Keeys and Brittney Washington (portion) AIDS Outreach - Magic City Acceptance Center (portion)

26 Measuring What Matters Most to Improve the U.S. Health System

The NAM Vital Signs Initiative stakeholders at all levels apply and refine the core measures in their own contexts. Thousands of measures are in use today In partnership with the Public Health Institute to assess health and health care in the and the Blue Shield of California Foundation, United States. Although many provide useful the NAM worked with two California counties— information, the sheer number of measures, Fresno and Monterey—to pilot the measures. In as well as their lack of focus, consistency, and addition to the 15 core measures recommended organization, limits their overall effectiveness by the NAM, each county identified a sixteenth in improving performance. What are the core measure of particular importance to the local measures that will pinpoint health system context (active transportation for Fresno; performance and yield targets for progress? safety and violence prevention for Monterey). The 2015 consensus report Vital Signs: Participants agreed that the framework was Core Metrics for Health and Health Care useful and sustainable at the county level. Progress proposed a streamlined set of 15 The state of Tennessee has also used the standardized measures, with recommendations NAM’s Vital Signs as the foundation for its new for their standardization and application state health plan, introduced in September at every level—national, state, local, and 2017. We are also working closely with institutional. Successful implementation of the leadership of the Centers for Medicare & core measures will depend on their relevance, Medicaid Services (CMS) to guide the direction reliability, and utility to multiple stakeholders. of CMS’s “Meaningful Measures” framework. To that end, the NAM’s Leadership Consortium Finally, a 2018 update on national progress for a Value & Science-Driven Health System according to the core measures is under way. launched the Vital Signs Initiative to help More information: nam.edu/VitalSigns. 27 Promoting Patient and Family Leadership

A Framework for Patient- System convened a Scientific Advisory Panel to identify evidence-based strategies that and Family-Engaged Care facilitate patient and family engagement and have demonstrated outcomes. The panel drew Patient- and family-engaged care (PFEC) is on both the scientific evidence and the lived planned, delivered, managed, and continuous- experiences of patients, their care partners, ly improved in active partnership with patients practitioners, and leaders to develop a com- and their families or care partners to ensure prehensive framework that identifies specific integration of their health and health care elements necessary to create and sustain a goals, preferences, and values. In a culture of culture of PFEC. Download the framework at PFEC, patients are not merely subjects of their nam.edu/PFEC. care; they are active participants whose voices The PFEC framework was profiled inForbes are honored. Family or care partners are not and the British Medical Journal, and its ac- kept an arm’s length away as spectators, but companying discussion paper was the second participate as integral members of their loved most downloaded NAM Perspective of 2017. one’s care team. The PFEC will inform future efforts of the A prevalent and persistent challenge to PFEC Patient and Family Leadership Network, is uncertainty about whether the resource a vibrant virtual community that engages investment required will lead to better results. patients and families in serving as effective There is also a lack of clarity about how, practi- leaders and advisors to the NAM and others to cally speaking, to make it happen. To address achieve better culture, care, value, and health these barriers, the NAM’s Leadership Con- in a system that continuously learns and im- sortium for a Value & Science-Driven Health proves. Learn more at nam.edu/PFLN.

28 Improving Care for High-Need Patients

Today, 5 percent of patients account for nearly 50 percent of health care spending.

Improving care management for the patient NAM developed a comprehensive suite of population with the highest needs could dissemination activities, including tailored both improve health outcomes and reduce stakeholder action guides for health systems, costs. To that end, the NAM’s Leadership policy makers, patients and their care Consortium for a Value & Science-Driven providers, payers, providers, and the research Health System assembled an expert steering community. The NAM also hosted a webinar committee and hosted three workshops to series that featured interviews with leaders inform the NAM special publication Effective of programs across the country that have Care for High-Need Patients: Opportunities demonstrated success in improving care for Improving Outcomes, Value, and and outcomes for high-need patients: the Health. The publication 1) articulates the Commonwealth Care Alliance in Boston, MA; key characteristics of high-need patients; 2) Health Quality Partners in Doyleston, PA; and proposes a patient taxonomy to help target Health Share of Oregon in Portland, OR. care; 3) identifies promising care models and The NAM is currently collecting patient and their attributes; and 4) highlights opportunities caregiver testimonials to illustrate the ripple for action at the policy level to spread and effect of receiving well-managed care based scale evidence-based programs. on evidence-based principles for improving To facilitate awareness and uptake of outcomes and value. All resources are promising models and attributes, the available at nam.edu/HighNeeds.

29 This page intentionally left blank Leading & Inspiring for the Future

31 Sparking Social & Scientific Innovation to Prepare for Global Aging

Healthy Longevity Grand The NAM launched the Healthy Longevity Grand Challenge to catalyze transformative Challenge innovation and inform policies and priorities to advance healthy aging and longevity globally. Today, 8.5 percent of people worldwide are The initiative has two components: a series of aged 65 and over. By 2050, this percentage is inducement prizes and awards and a compre- projected to more than double. Furthermore, hensive global roadmap report with recom- the global population of the “oldest old”—peo- mendations for action. The combined objec- ple aged 80 and older—is expected to more tives of the initiative are to: than triple by 2050. At the current pace, popu- • Catalyze breakthrough ideas and research lation aging is poised to impose a significant that will extend the health- and activity- strain on economies, health systems, and social span into later life structures worldwide. But it doesn’t have to. • Achieve transformative and scalable in- We can envision, just on the horizon, an novation in healthy aging and longevity by explosion of potential new medicines, treat- translating evidence into action ments, technologies, and preventive and social • Provide a comprehensive assessment of strategies that could help transform the way the challenges and opportunities present- we age and ensure better health, function, ed by global aging and productivity during a period of extended • Build a broad ecosystem of support longevity. Now is the time to support the next breakthroughs in healthy longevity, so that all Fundraising for both components is now of us can benefit from the tremendous oppor- underway; the global roadmap project is tunities they have to offer. expected to launch by the end of 2018. Learn more: nam.edu/HealthyLongevity. 32 Sharing Science Through Storytelling

Introducing the “Films for a Healthier Future” documentary screening and discussion series

In today’s competitive commu- CNN Chief Medical Correspondent nications environment, it is ever Sanjay Gupta. more important to reach new and Next, the NAM screened Black existing audiences through innova- Women in Medicine, a documentary tive means and help them connect that illustrates challenges faced personally with the role of science by black women physicians and and evidence. celebrates the contributions In 2017, the NAM launched they have made to the field. The a documentary screening and screening was part of a “Changing discussion series to open the doors the Face of STEM” event in of the institution to the general conjunction with URU, The Right To public and spark meaningful Be, Inc., to promote diversity and conversation about issues of inclusion in STEM. concern in health and medicine. The third film in the series was The inaugural event in the The New Barbarianism, which series was the Washington, DC, reveals a growing trend of violence premiere of Unseen Enemy, a film against health and humanitarian that explores the increasing threat workers in global conflict zones. At of global pandemics through the all three events, the films’ directors lenses of Ebola, Zika, and influenza. were present alongside expert The screening was followed by a reactors to take questions from panel discussion moderated by the audience.

Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, chats with Sanjay Gupta, CNN Chief Medical Correspondent, during the Washington, DC, premiere of Unseen Enemy 33

Engaging the Next Generation of Leaders

The National Academy of Medicine’s Emerging Leaders Forum exists to increase the NAM’s engagement with exceptional early- and mid-career professionals working in biomedical science, health care delivery, health policy, and related fields.

The Forum facilitates opportunities for men- throughout the larger National Academies, torship, collaboration, and innovation between and take part in interest groups. emerging leaders, NAM members, and experts In 2017, inaugural members agreed on across sectors. Forum members also provide next steps for the Forum’s development, valuable input and feedback to help shape the including expansion of membership, priorities of the NAM and sustain the NAM’s establishment of 2-year terms, and plans impact and reputation as a national leader in for members to develop an annual spring advancing knowledge and accelerating prog- symposium on a subject of interest to them. ress in science, medicine, policy, and health The first symposium is scheduled for April equity. Forum members may publish in NAM 2019. For more information, visit nam.edu/ Perspectives, participate in convening activities EmergingLeaders.

Inaugural members of the NAM Emerging Leaders Forum: Gretchen Schwarze, University of Wisconsin; Sohail Tavazoie, The Rockefeller University; Diedra Crews, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Sandeep Kishore, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Julie Segre, National Institutes of Health; Claire Wang, Columbia University; and Lori Freedman, University of California, San Francisco. For the complete member list, see page 87.

34 First International NAM Fellowship Program

NAM President Victor J. Dzau speaks the at the International Health Policy Fellowship Launch Ceremony and Public Lecture at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

The NAM’s Health Policy Fellowships and This new international fellowship joins the Leadership Programs are among the Nation’s NAM’s four existing health policy fellowships most prestigious programs designed to and leadership programs: provide exceptional mid- and early- career 1. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation individuals with a structured experience to Health Policy Fellows develop the skills necessary to catalyze change 2. NAM Fellowship by participating in the policy process. 3. FDA Tobacco Regulatory Science In 2018, the NAM will launch the first Fellowship International Health Policy Fellowship. This 4. Distinguished Nurse Scholar-in- program aims to nurture global health policy Residence scholars in the fields of bioethics, medical ethics and law, economics and health policy, and Collectively, these programs ensure a health care. Fellows participate in the convening pipeline of health policy scholars to put forth activities and studies of the National Academies informed solutions to some of the world’s of Science, Engineering, and Medicine to learn most critical health challenges. For a complete how to use such activities to improve domestic list of current fellows, see pages 86-87. Learn and global health and health care. One of more at nam.edu/fellowships. the program’s initial fellowships will focus on bioethics and include a fellow from The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

35 This page intentionally left blank Member Spotlight

37 The NAM has approximately 2,100 members selected in recognition of distinguished professional achievement and the commitment to protecting and advancing health through volunteer service in the activities of the NAM and other groups in the Academies. Each year, NAM members elect 70 U.S. members and up to 10 international members to join their ranks from a large pool of exceptional nominees. Election to the NAM reflects the respect and admiration that individuals have earned from their peers in the fields of health and medicine and other related disciplines. Above: Members of the Class of 2016.

38 Members Inducted in 2017 (Class of 2016)

Anissa Abi-Dargham, MD, Leslie Glenn Biesecker, Joseph L. DeRisi, PhD, Stony Brook University and MD, National Human University of California, Columbia University Genome Research Institute, San Francisco, and Chan Anita Allen, JD, PhD, National Institutes of Health Zuckerberg Biohub University of Pennsylvania Agnes Binagwaho, MD, Francis J. Doyle III, PhD, Maria Jose Alonso, PhD, Harvard Medical School Harvard University PharmD, PhD, University Antonello Bonci, MD, Karen M. Emmons, PhD, of Santiago de Compostela, National Institute on Drug Harvard T.H. Chan School of Spain Abuse, National Institutes of Public Health Masayuki Amagai, MD, Health Elissa Sarah Epel, PhD, PhD, Keio University School Malcolm K. Brenner, MA, University of California, San of Medicine and RIKEN MB, BChir, PhD, FRCP, Francisco Center for Integrative Medical FRCPath, Baylor College of Timothy G. Evans, DPhil, Sciences, Japan Medicine MD, World Bank Group Cheryl Ann Marie L.D. Britt, MD, MPH, Eastern Carol Friedman, PhD, Anderson, PhD, MPH, MS, Virginia Medical School FACMI, Columbia University University of California, San Deborah Watkins Bruner, Christopher Garcia, PhD, Diego RN, PhD, FAAN, Emory Howard Hughes Medical Peter Brian Bach, MD, University and Fox Chase Institute and Stanford MAPP, Memorial Sloan Cancer Center University School of Medicine Kettering Cancer Center Robert M. Califf, MD, Duke Patricia J. Garcia, MD, MPH, Bonnie L. Bassler, PhD, University PhD, Minister of Health for Howard Hughes Medical Alicia Laura Carriquiry, Peru Institute and Princeton PhD, Iowa State University Carmen García-Peña, MD, University Laura L. Carstensen, PhD, MSc, PhD, National Institute Andrew William Bazemore, Stanford University of Geriatrics, Mexico MD, MPH, Robert Graham Andrea L. Cheville, MD, Martin Gaynor, PhD, Center for Policy Studies in MSCE, Mayo Clinic Carnegie Mellon University Family Medicine and Primary Care Anne Louise Coleman, MD, Maura Lianne Gillison, MD, PhD, University of California, PhD, Ohio State University Per-Olof Berggren, PhD, Los Angeles Karolinska Institute, Sweden Alison M. Goate, DPhil, Kathleen Loretta Collins, Icahn School of Medicine at Karen Faith Berman, MD, MD, PhD, University of Mount Sinai National Institute of Mental Michigan Health Intramural Research Sarah Jane Halton, BA Program, National Institutes Roger D. Cone, PhD, (Hons), University of of Health University of Michigan Canberra, Australia Stefano Bertozzi, MD, Martha A.Q. Curley, RN, Paula Therese Hammond, PhD, University of California, PhD, FAAN, University of PhD, Massachusetts Institute Berkeley Pennsylvania of Technology

*Affiliations accurate as of election date. 39 Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD, Bruce L. Miller, MD, Jane E. Salmon, MD, Weill Cleveland Clinic University of California, San Cornell Medicine and Hospital Mukesh K. Jain, MD, Case Francisco for Special Surgery Western Reserve University Samir Mitragotri, PhD, Aziz Sancar, M.D., PhD, Maria Jasin, PhD, Memorial University of California, Santa University of North Carolina, Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Barbara Chapel Hill Prabhat Jha, OC, MD, DPhil, Valerie Montgomery Rice, Tadatsugu Taniguchi, FCAHS, University of Toronto, MD, Morehouse School of PhD, University of Tokyo Canada Medicine and Max Planck-University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Jeffrey P. Kahn, PhD, MPH, John H. Morrison, PhD, Inflammology, Japan Johns Hopkins University University of California, Davis Hugh Smith Taylor, MD, Melina Rae Kibbe, MD, Mark A. Musen, MD, PhD, Yale School of Medicine University of North Carolina, Stanford University School of Chapel Hill Medicine Oyewale Tomori, DVM, PhD, Redeemer’s University, Allan Douglas Kirk, MD, K.M. Venkat Narayan, MD, Nigeria PhD, FACS, Duke University MSc, MBA, Emory University Craig Venter, PhD, J. Craig Mark A. Krasnow, MD, Kenneth Offit, MD, MPH, Venter Institute and Human PhD, Howard Hughes Memorial Sloan Kettering Longevity Inc. Medical Institute and Stanford Cancer Center University School of Medicine James Marc Perrin, MD, Cheryl Lyn Walker, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine Francis S. Lee, MD, PhD, FAAP, Harvard Medical Weill Cornell Medicine School David Walt, PhD, Tufts University Jake Liang, MD, National Bernice A. Pescosolido, Institute of Diabetes and PhD, Indiana University Huntington Faxon Willard, Digestive and Kidney Thomas A. Rando, MD, PhD, Howard Hughes Medical Diseases, National Institutes PhD, Stanford University Institute, Marine Biological of Health School of Medicine Laboratory, and University of Chicago Maureen Lichtveld, MD, Lynne Doreen Richardson, MPH, Tulane University MD, Icahn School of Medicine Michelle A. Williams, ScD, School of Public Health and at Mount Sinai Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Tropical Medicine James A. Roth, DVM, George A. Macones, MD, PhD, College of Veterinary Xiaoliang Sunney Xie, PhD, MSCE, Washington University Medicine, Iowa State Harvard University School of Medicine, St. Louis University Clyde W. Yancy, MD, Kelsey Catherine Martin, Paul Bennett Rothman, Northwestern University MD, PhD, University of MD, Johns Hopkins University Michael Jerome Yaszemski, California, Los Angeles and Johns Hopkins Medicine MD, PhD, Mayo Clinic Donald P. McDonnell, PhD, James F. Sallis Jr., PhD, Duke University School of University of California, San Medicine Diego 40 Scenes from the Class of 2016 Induction Ceremony

Xiaoliang Sunney Xie, Mallinckrodt Professor of Chemistry and Venkat Narayan, Director of the Emory Chemical Biology at Harvard University, and guests. Global Diabetes Research Center and professor at Emory University, and guests.

Cheryl Lyn Walker, Director of the Center for Precision Environmental Health and professor L. D. Britt, Henry Ford Professor and Edward J. Brickhouse Chair, at Baylor College of Medicine, and guest. Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, and guests.

Congratulations to the Class of 2016! Agnes Binagwaho, former Minister of Health of Rwanda, receives her certificate of member- 41 *Affiliations accurate as of election date. ship from NAM president Victor J. Dzau. Members Elected in 2017 (Class of 2017)

Mark E. Anderson, MD, Arup K. Chakraborty, PhD, Mark R. Dybul, MD, PhD, Johns Hopkins Massachusetts Institute of Georgetown University University School of Medicine Technology Medical Center Scott Allen Armstrong, MD, Howard Y. Chang, MD, PhD, Evan E. Eichler, PhD, PhD, Dana-Farber Cancer Stanford University School of University of Washington Institute, Boston Children’s Medicine School of Medicine and Hospital, and Harvard Medical Wendy Webber Chapman, Howard Hughes Medical School PhD, University of Utah Institute Amy F.T. Arnsten, PhD, Yale Tina L. Cheng, MD, MPH, Serpil Erzurum, MD, University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University and Cleveland Clinic Cornelia Isabella Bargmann, The Johns Hopkins Hospital Jeremy James Farrar, PhD, The Rockefeller University Marshall H. Chin, MD, MPH, MBBS, DPhil, Wellcome and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative University of Chicago Trust, United Kingdom Mary T. Bassett, MD, MPH, Lewis A. Chodosh, MD, Alain Fischer MD, PhD, New York City Department of PhD, Abramson Cancer Collège de France and Hôpital Health and Mental Hygiene Center and University of Necker-Enfants Malades, France Samuel Frank Berkovic, Pennsylvania Mona N. Fouad, MD, MPH, MD, University of Melbourne Christos Coutifaris, University of Alabama at (Austin Health), Australia MD, PhD, University of Birmingham Christopher N. Bowman, Pennsylvania Gerard E. Francisco, MD, PhD, School of Dental Benjamin F. Cravatt, PhD, University of Texas System, Medicine, University of The Scripps Research Institute NeuroRecovery Research Colorado Center, and TIRR Memorial Mark Joseph Daly, PhD, Hermann Hospital Elizabeth H. Bradley, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital Vassar College Rebekah Gee, MD, MPH, Alan D. D’Andrea, MD, FACOG, State of Louisiana Robert F. Breiman, PhD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Emory University and Harvard Medical School Christine Grady, RN, PhD, National Institutes of Health Melinda Beeuwkes Buntin, Richard J. Davidson, PhD, PhD, Vanderbilt University University of Wisconsin, Rachel Green, PhD, Johns School of Medicine Madison Hopkins University School of Medicine Carrie Lynn Byington, MD, Joshua C. Denny, MD, MS, Texas A&M University FACMI, Vanderbilt University Michael Eldon Greenberg, Neil Calman, MD, MMS, Medical Center PhD, Harvard Medical School Icahn School of Medicine at Karen B. DeSalvo, MD, Felicia Hill-Briggs, PhD, Mount Sinai MPH, MSc, U.S. Department ABPP, Johns Hopkins Xuetao Cao, MD, PhD, of Health and Human Services University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins HealthCare Chinese Academy of Medical Sharon M. Donovan, PhD, Sciences and Peking Union RD, University of Illinois, Chanita A. Hughes Halbert, Medical College, China Urbana-Champaign PhD, Medical University of Anne Case, PhD, Princeton South Carolina University 42 *Affiliations accurate as of election date. Scott J. Hultgren, PhD, Bongani M. Mayosi, Therese S. Richmond, PhD, Washington University School BMedSci, MB, ChB, DPhil, CRNP, FAAN, University of of Medicine University of Cape Town, Pennsylvania Yasmin L. Hurd, PhD, Icahn South Africa Dorothy E. Roberts, JD, School of Medicine at Mount Tirin Moore, PhD, Stanford University of Pennsylvania Sinai School of Medicine John H. Sampson, MD, PhD, Nicholas Patrick Jewell, Robin Purdy Newhouse, MHSc, MBA, Duke University PhD, University of California, PhD, RN, FAAN, Indiana Medical Center Berkeley University School of Nursing Robert F. Siliciano, V. Craig Jordan, OBE, PhD, M. Kariuki Njenga, PhD, MD, PhD, Johns Hopkins DSc, FMedSci, FAACR, Washington State University University School of Medicine University of Texas M.D. Olugbenga Ogedegbe, Leif I. Solberg, MD, Anderson Cancer Center MD, MS, MPH, New York HealthPartners Institute Eve A. Kerr, MD, MPH, University Soumya Swaminathan, University of Michigan and VA Rebecca Onie, JD, MD, Indian Council of Medical Ann Arbor Healthcare System Health Leads Research, India George F. Koob, PhD, Maria A. Oquendo, Viviane Tabar, MD, National Institute on Alcohol MD, PhD, University of Memorial Sloan Kettering Abuse and Alcoholism Pennsylvania Cancer Center Gabriel P. Krestin, MD, Michael S. Parmacek, MD, Masayo Takahashi, MD, PhD, Erasmus MC, University University of Pennsylvania PhD, RIKEN Center for Medical Center, Netherlands Ramon E. Parsons, MD, Developmental Biology, Japan Paul P. Lee, MD, JD, PhD, Icahn School of Suzanne L. Topalian, MD, University of Michigan Medical Medicine at Mount Sinai Johns Hopkins University School Scott Loren Pomeroy, School of Medicine Allan I. Levey, MD, PhD, MD, PhD, Harvard Medical Nicholas John White, Emory University School and Boston Children’s KCMG, OBE, DSc, MD, Charles M. Lieber, PhD, Hospital FRCP, FMedSci, FBPhS, FRS, Harvard University Martin Pomper, MD, PhD, Mahidol University, Thailand Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD, Johns Hopkins University Flaura Koplin Winston, MD, University of California, San School of Medicine PhD, The Children’s Hospital Francisco Rita F. Redberg, MD, MSc, of Philadelphia and University Lynne Elizabeth Maquat, University of California, San of Pennsylvania PhD, University of Rochester Francisco Donald M. Yealy, MD, Gerald E. Markowitz, PhD, Lesley Regan, MD, DSc, University of Pittsburgh City University of New York FRCOG, Royal College John R. Mascola, MD, of Obstetricians and National Institute of Allergy Gynaecologists and St Mary’s and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

*Affiliations accurate as of election date. 43 2017 Annual Meeting

Above: Gil Omenn of the University of Michigan introduces the 2017 Scientific Program. Right:Cori Bargmann of The Rockefeller University and the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative delivers the keynote address.

The public scientific program of the 2017 NAM D. Baker, Governor of Massachusetts; Scott Annual meeting was titled “Developmental Gottlieb, Commissioner of the U.S. Food and Neurosciences: Do We Know Enough to Drug Administration; Judge Steve Leifman, Prevent or Reverse Major Behavioral Associate Administrative Judge of the Miami- Disorders?” Cori Bargmann of the Rockefeller Dade County Court; and The Honorable University and the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Kathleen Sebelius, Former Secretary of the U.S. delivered a keynote address on “Genes, Brains, Department of Health and Human Services. and Flexible Behaviors: Themes and Variations The NAM is grateful to the 2017 scientific from Simple Animals and Humans.” Three program planning committee: Gil Omenn scientific panels followed on brain plasticity (Chair), University of Michigan; Nancy Adler, and its disorders; vulnerability and resilience; University of California (UCSF), San Francisco; and reward mechanisms, risk-taking behavior, W. Thomas Boyce, UCSF, Elaine Fuchs, The and drivers of addiction. Rockefeller University; Steve Hyman, Broad The meeting closed with the annual Institute; and Carla Shatz, Stanford University. President’s Forum, which focused this year The 2018 Annual Meeting will take place on the U.S. opioid epidemic. NAM president October 13-15 in Washington, DC. The public Victor J. Dzau led a dynamic and illuminating scientific program is titled“Cancers: Can We discussion among VADM Jerome M. Adams, Beat the Odds?” Registration for members U.S. Surgeon General; The Honorable Charles opens in May 2018.

44 2017 Richard & Hinda Rosenthal Symposium

“Pain and the Opioid Epidemic: A Path Forward”

The 2017 Richard & Hinda Rosenthal and addiction to stem the opioid epidemic— Symposium was co-hosted by the University reflecting on what can be done now and what of Michigan in Ann Arbor and focused on the can be done moving forward. A recording of critical issue of pain and the opioid epidemic. the keynote and following panel discussion is The symposium featured a keynote address by available at nam.edu/Rosenthal2017. Allan Basbaum of the University of California, Since 2016, the Rosenthal Symposium San Francisco, titled “The Future of Chronic has been hosted outside Washington, DC, Pain Management: From Non-Opioid Drugs and held in conjunction with a regional to Antibodies to Cell Transplants.” Richard member meeting. The NAM thanks Michigan- Miech, Chad Brummett, Shelly Flagel, and area members for their attendance and John Traynor of the University of Michigan contribution to an important conversation. served as panelists. This annual event is made possible through Speakers and panelists reviewed how we the generosity of the Richard & Hinda can use epidemiological, clinical, and basic Rosenthal Foundation. science information about the biology of pain

Image credit: Harrygouvas

45 In Memoriam

The National Academy of Medicine honors the members we have lost between January 1, 2017, and April 30, 2018.

Faye G. Abdellah, Ed.D., Sc.D., R.N. Richard J. Kitz, M.D. Bobby R. Alford, M.D. Claude B. Klee, M.D. Kenneth J. Arrow, Ph.D. Barbara M. Korsch, M.D. Ben A. Barres, M.D., Ph.D. David E. Kuhl, M.D. Gunter Blobel, M.D., Ph.D. Gerhard Levy, Pharm.D. Paul C. Brucker, M.D. Richard A. Merrill, LL.B. John H. Bryant, M.D. Arno G. Motulsky, M.D. William T. Butler, M.D. Herbert L. Needleman, M.D. Richard Daniel Clover, M.D. Ruth S. Nussenzweig, M.D., Ph.D. Ezra C. Davidson, Jr., M.D. Uwe E. Reinhardt, Ph.D. Andrew D. Dixon, M.D.S., D.Sc., Ph.D., F.A.S. Dorothy P. Rice Jack Elinson, Ph.D. Lewis P. Rowland, M.D. Daniel D. Federman, M.D. Murray B. Sachs, Ph.D. Daniel W. Foster, M.D. Donald W. Seldin, M.D. Walter Guralnick, D.M.D. Robert L. Sinsheimer, Ph.D. Robert J. Haggerty, M.D. Pamela Sklar, M.D., Ph.D. Beatrix A. Hamburg, M.D. Richard A. Smith, M.D., M.P.H. Nathan Hershey, LL.B. Oliver Smithies, D.Phil. Eugene A. Hildreth, M.D. Thomas E. Starzl, M.D., Ph.D. Jimmie C. Holland, M.D. Paul D. Stolley, M.D., M.P.H.

46 Awards

47 Gustav O. Lienhard Award for Advancement of Health Care

The 2017 Lienhard Award was presented there are now over 1,800 programs in the U.S. to Diane Meier of the Icahn School of dedicated to this type of care, and more than Medicine at Mount Sinai. As a geriatrician, 80 percent of people in U.S. hospitals have Meier found that modern medicine’s focus access to palliative care teams. on curing disease and prolonging life ignored Given annually, the award recognizes crucial elements of patients’ and families’ outstanding national achievement in distress, including pain, depression, anxiety, improving personal health care in the United sleeplessness, and other symptoms. First at States. Nominees are eligible for consideration Mount Sinai, and then through the Center to without regard to education or profession, and Advance Palliative Care, Meier defined the award recipients are selected by a committee components of palliative care and clarified of experts convened by the Academy. This its impact on the well-being of patients and year’s selection committee was chaired by families. Regina Benjamin, NOLA.com/Times Picayune To help promote the advancement of quality Endowed Chair in Public Health Sciences at palliative care, Meier established the Hertzberg Xavier University of Louisiana. Palliative Care Institute at Mount Sinai. As a The Lienhard Award is funded by an clinician, she published widely on palliative endowment from the Robert Wood Johnson care in major medical journals, developed Foundation. Gustav O. Lienhard was chair guidelines and national quality standards for of the foundation’s board of trustees from the field, and educated the general public the organization’s establishment in 1971 to about the need for palliative care through the his retirement in 1986—a period in which media. Her efforts have spurred impressive the foundation moved to the forefront growth in the nation’s palliative care capacity; of American philanthropy in health care.

48 Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat International Prize in Mental Health

The 2017 Sarnat Prize was awarded to Joseph The award is supported by an endowment Coyle, whose research laid the foundation created by Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat of for integrating neuroscience and clinical Los Angeles. Rhoda Sarnat is a licensed psychiatry and shifted psychiatry’s emphasis clinical social worker, and Bernard Sarnat toward empirically based brain research; and is a plastic and reconstructive surgeon and to the team of Catherine Lord and Matthew researcher. The Sarnats’ concern about the State, whose work revolutionized the study of destructive effects of mental illness inspired autism and related neuropsychiatric disorders. them to establish the award. Nominations Since 1992, the Sarnat Prize has been for potential recipients are solicited from presented to individuals, groups, or Academy members, deans of medical organizations that have demonstrated schools, and mental health professionals. The outstanding achievement in improving 2017 selection committee was chaired by mental health. The prize recognizes — Huda Akil, Gardner Quarton Distinguished without regard for professional discipline or University Professor of Neuroscience and nationality — achievements in basic science, Psychiatry and co-director, The Molecular & clinical application, and public policy that lead Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University to progress in the understanding, etiology, of Michigan. prevention, treatment, or cure of mental disorders, or to the promotion of mental health. As defined by the nominating criteria, the field of mental health encompasses neuroscience, psychology, social work, nursing, psychiatry, and advocacy.

49 Member Awards

Every year, NAM members vote to recognize three of their peers for exceptional service to the NAM and the National Academies.

The Walsh McDermott Medal recognizes an NAM member for distinguished service over an extended period of time. The 2017 award was presented to Barbara J. McNeil of Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. During the past three decades, McNeil has served on the NAM’s Governing Council, the National Academies’ Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, the Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, the Board on Health Sciences Policy, and the Board on Health Care Services—as well as a wide variety of committee service on subjects ranging from breast cancer detection to airport passenger screening.

The David Rall Medal recognizes an NAM member for particularly distinguished leadership as chair of a study committee or other activity, showing commitment above and beyond the usual responsibilities of the position. The 2017 award was presented to Richard O. Hynes of Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A unifying force at the National Academies since the mid-1990s, Hynes co-chaired high- profile committees on two politically sensitive topics—embryonic stem cell research and human genome editing—which produced seminal reports that have, or are poised to, shape the parameters of public debate and the policies and regulation of these fields.

The Adam Yarmolinksy Medal recognizes an NAM member from a discipline outside the health and medical sciences who has contributed to the mission of the NAM over a significant period. The 2017 award was presented to Ruth R. Faden of Johns Hopkins University. Throughout her career, Faden has changed the role of bioethics in health and medicine by emphasizing the role of public health ethics, tackling novel questions in research ethics, and exploring foundational issues in social justice. She has shared her expertise as a member of many National Academies committees since the late 1980s.

50 Publications

51 NAM Special Publications

In 2017, the NAM published six special publications to synthesize findings from NAM initiatives and share the guidance of experts. The following books are available for free download from NAM.edu.

52 NAM Perspectives

The Perspectives platform extends the NAM’s convening and advisory functions by providing a venue for leading health, medical, science, and policy experts to reflect on issues and opportunities important to the advancement of health, health care, and biomedical science.

In 2017, the NAM published 50 Perspectives. The top 10 most-read papers are listed below. See them all at nam.edu/Perspectives. 1. Burnout Among Health Care Professionals: A Call to Explore and Address This Underrecognized Threat to Safe, High-Quality Care 2. Harnessing Evidence and Experience to Change Culture: A Guiding Framework for Patient and Family Engaged Care 3. Standardized Screening for Health-Related Social Needs in Clinical Settings: The Accountable Health Communities Screening Tool 4. Social Determinants of Health 101 for Health Care: Five Plus Five 5. Ten Attributes of Health Literate Health Care Organizations 6. Manufacturing Cell Therapies: The Paradigm Shift in Health Care of This Century 7. Core Principles & Values of Effective Team-Based Health Care 8. A Multifaceted Systems Approach to Addressing Stress Within Health Professions Education and Beyond 9. The Interplay of Community Trauma, Diet, and Physical Activity 10. Breaking the Culture of Silence on Physician Suicide

53 NASEM Health and Medicine Publications

The following publications were produced in 2017 by program divisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Accounting for Social Risk Factors in Medicare Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Payment Studies at EPA Advancing Obesity Solutions Through Countering Violent Extremism Through Public Investments in the Built Environment* Health Practice* Application of Systematic Review Methods in Developing a Methodological Research an Overall Strategy for Evaluating Low-Dose Program for Longitudinal Studies* Toxicity From Endocrine Active Chemicals Driving Action and Progress on Obesity Assessment of the Department of Veterans Prevention and Treatment* Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit The Drug Development Paradigm in Registry Oncology* Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation* Enabling Precision Medicine: The Role of Building a National Capability to Monitor and Genetics in Clinical Drug Development* Assess Medical Countermeasure Use During Environmental Chemicals, the Human a Public Health Emergency: Going Beyond Microbiome, and Health Risk: A Research the Last Mile* Strategy Building Communication Capacity to Counter An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing Infectious Disease Threats* Examining Challenges and Possible Strategies Building Sustainable Financing Structures for to Strengthen U.S. Health Security* Population Health: Insights From Non-Health Sectors* Exploring Equity in Multisector Community Health Partnerships* Cancer Care in Low-Resource Areas: Cancer Treatment, Palliative Care, and Survivorship Exploring the State of the Science in the Field Care* of Regenerative Medicine: Challenges of and Opportunities for Cellular Therapies* The Challenge of Treating Obesity and Overweight* Exploring the Translation of the Results of Hurricane Sandy Research Grants Into Policy Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: A One and Operations* Health Approach to a Global Threat* Facilitating Health Communication With Communicating Clearly About Medicines* Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Populations Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Through the Use of Health Literacy and Equity Community Engagement Strategies* Community Violence as a Population Health Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Issue* Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease

54 Health Communication With Immigrants, Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic: Refugees, and Migrant Workers* Balancing Societal and Individual Benefits The Health Effects of Cannabis and and Risks of Prescription Opioid Use Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence People Living With Disabilities: Health Equity, and Recommendations for Research Health Disparities, and Health Literacy* Health Insurance and Insights From Health Preparing for a Rapid Response to Major Literacy: Helping Consumers Understand* Marine Oil Spills: Protecting and Assessing Incorporating Weight Management and the Health and Well-Being of Communities* Physical Activity Throughout the Cancer Care Preparing for the Future of Disaster Health Continuum* Volunteerism* Integrating the Patient and Caregiver Voice Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: Into Serious Illness Care* A Way Forward Integration of FDA and NIOSH Processes The Promise of Assistive Technology to Used to Evaluate Respiratory Protective Enhance Activity and Work Participation Devices for Health Care Workers* Protecting the Health and Well-Being of Making Medicines Affordable: A National Communities in a Changing Climate* Imperative Real-World Evidence Generation and Measuring Personal Environmental Evaluation of Therapeutics* Exposures* Redesigning the Process for Establishing the Models and Strategies to Integrate Palliative Dietary Guidelines for Americans Care Principles Into Care for People With Review of NASA’s Evidence Reports on Serious Illness* Human Health Risks: 2016 Letter Report Multisector Community Health Partnerships: Review of WIC Food Packages: Improving Potential Opportunities and Challenges* Balance and Choice—Final Report A National Strategy for the Elimination of Strategies to Limit Sugar-Sweetened Hepatitis B and C: Phase Two Report Beverage Consumption in Young Children* Navigating the Manufacturing Process Therapeutic Development in the Absence of and Ensuring the Quality of Regenerative Predictive Animal Models of Nervous System Medicine Therapies* Disorders* Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Understanding Pathways to Successful Aging: Aging* Behavioral and Social Factors Related to Opportunities for Organ Donor Intervention Alzheimer’s Disease* Research: Saving Lives by Improving Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk- the Quality and Quantity of Organs for Related Evaluations Transplantation Using Technology to Advance Global Health* Optimizing the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: The * = Proceedings of a Workshop Selection Process

55 Featured NASEM Consensus Reports

Global Health and the Future Role of the United States

The United States has long been a leader in ad hoc committee to identify global health global health. Yet resources are not unlimited, priorities in light of current and emerging and the case for continued commitment global health threats and challenges. In must be made. Against the backdrop of the the resulting report, Global Health and influential legacy of the United States on the the Future Role of the United States, the global health stage, the new administration is committee provides recommendations to now faced with the choice of whether or not to the U.S. government and other stakeholders ensure that gains in global health—won with for increasing responsiveness, coordination, billions of U.S. dollars, years of dedication, and and efficiency in addressing these threats strong programs—are sustained and poised and challenges by establishing priorities and for further growth. mobilizing resources. With support from a broad array of Most foreign assistance—especially when federal agencies, foundations, and private directed toward health—is an investment in partners, the National Academies of Sciences, the health of the recipient country, the United Engineering, and Medicine convened an States, and the world at large. U.S. motivation is two-pronged: to secure protection against global health threats, and to promote productivity and economic growth in other countries. While the burden of infectious diseases rests predominantly with low-income countries, these diseases represent global threats that could have dire consequences for any country, including the United States, in both human and economic costs. The increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has also negatively affected global economies, threatening societal gains in life expectancy, productivity, and overall quality of life. Healthy populations are important on multiple levels. Investing in human capital contributes significantly to economic growth, prosperity, and stability in countries and creates more reliable and durable partners in the world. Download the complete report for free at nationalacademies.org/ USGlobalHealth.

56 Making Medicines Affordable: A National Imperative

to recommend policy actions that address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care. The resulting report, Making Medicines Affordable: A National Imperative, provides several strategies to tackle the rising costs of prescription drugs without discouraging the development of new and more effective drugs for the future. The challenge is formidable. There may be trade-offs between current drug affordability and new drug availability. Controlling drug costs too rigidly, for example, could potentially reduce the expected profits of drug companies, which could alter their decisions regarding major investments to develop new drugs. Furthermore, the complexity of the medical system—which includes patients, clinicians, hospitals, insurance companies, drug companies, pharmacists, pharmacy ben- efit managers, various government agencies, advocacy organizations, and many others— Over the past several decades, the U.S. makes it very difficult to predict the precise biopharmaceutical sector has been very suc- effects of any specific policy change. This chal- cessful in developing and delivering effec- lenge is magnified by the lack of transparency tive drugs for improving health and fighting concerning the financial transactions between disease. Many medical conditions that were the various participants in the biopharmaceu- long deemed untreatable can now be cured tical supply chain. or managed effectively. Yet this success has Nonetheless, there are a number of come at a cost: Spending on prescription measures that can and should be taken to drugs has been rising dramatically, to the point improve the affordability of prescription drugs that many people have difficulty paying for the for patients in the United States. drugs that they or their family members need. Download the report for free Drug costs are a significant part of the nation’s at nationalacademies.org/ total spending on health care. NASEMAffordableDrugs. With support from a host of sponsors, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study

57 This page intentionally left blank Finances

59 Revenues Endowment payout

NRC indirects 60% of NAM revenues in 2017 were from grants and contributions by external donors 24% of NAM revenues are from the indirect cost pool of the National Research Council, the $14.3M primary source of funds supporting operations 16% of revenue is from endowment payout, which supports both operations and programs

Grants, contributions, and other revenue

Membership Expenses Programs & Council Health Policy Fellowships 59% of expenses support program & Leadership activities Programs 30% of expenses support general operations, including the President’s and Executive Offices, Development, Foreign Secretary, and Home Secretary $13.1M 11% of expenses support membership and NAM Council activities 35 total NAM staff at the close of the fiscal year;2 additional positions under recruitment Operations

The NAM budget supports two main areas of activity—general operations (reflected in the chart above as “Operations” and “Membership and Council”) and program activities (reflected in the chart above as “Programs” and “Health Policy Fellowships and Leadership Programs”). General opera- tions includes Executive Office activities as well as development, communications, finance, program development, NAM Council and membership services, and a portion of joint National Academies expense. “Programs” includes the Leadership Consortium for a Value and Science-Driven Health System, as well as Culture of Health, Clinician Well-Being, and Vital Directions. Health Policy Fellow- ships and Leadership Programs is a distinct program and is reflected separately in the chart above.

60 Donor Recognition

Operations

61 NAM

We are deeply grateful for the generous support received from the many members, friends, staff, and philanthropic organizations that supported the National Academy of Medicine during 2017. More than $10.6 million was raised from private sources to help the NAM lead, innovate, and impact the future of health and health care. The scope and impact of these gifts and grants are significant. Highlights from the year are:

• NAM members and friends contributed $532,868 to the Annual Fund. The NAM member participation rate for all giving increased to 29%. • The NAM Giving Society welcomed 12 new NAM members in acknowledgment of cumulative giving of at least $20,000: Frances H. Arnold, David Baltimore, Graham A. Colditz, Larry A. Green, Diane E. Griffin, Leroy E. Hood, Edward A. Kravitz, Ruth W. Lubic, Stephen R. Quake, Charles J. Sherr, Harold E. Varmus, and Thomas E. Wellems. • The Healthy Longevity Grand Challenge received more than $4.5 million in support from Valerie and John W. Rowe, United Therapeutics, and Joon Yun and Kimberly Bazar. The Grand Challenge will address the demographic shift of our aging population by catalyzing innovation, funding breakthrough research, and identifying solutions and directions to opti- mize the health, function, and well-being of all people in later life. • The NAM raised $1.5 million to support a consensus study as part of the Culture of Health Program. The study will examine the neurobiological and sociobehavioral science of adoles- cent development, health, well-being, and resilience. Grants were received from the Bezos Family Foundation, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the National Public Education Support Fund, and the Seattle Foundation. • The Lanson Foundation provided a $600,000 grant to launch an international health policy fellowship program at the NAM. The fellowship will begin in 2018 with the first fellow from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. • A consortium of medical academies, associations, and other organizations contributed $982,500 to support the Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being and Resilience. • The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation continues to partner with the NAM to offer fellow- ships in health policy. Grants totaling $949,860 were received from the Foundation in sup- port of the fellowship program in 2017.

Philanthropic gifts and grants make it possible for the NAM to fulfill its mission.We greatly appreciate all of the support received from our many members and friends.

62 Lifetime Giving

We gratefully acknowledge the support of private contributors to the National Academy of Medicine. The collective, private philanthropy of our members and friends helps to enhance the NAM’s mission to lead, inspire innovation, and impact the health of all people. Einstein Society

In recognition of members and friends who have made lifetime contributions of $100,000 or more to the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, or the National Academy of Medicine. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor-advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold are NAM members.

$10 million or more $1 million to $5 million Jack W. and Valerie Rowe Arnold and Mabel Beckman* Bruce and Betty Alberts Bernard* and Rhoda Sarnat Bernard M. Gordon Richard and Rita Atkinson Leonard D. Schaeffer Fred Kavli* Norman R. Augustine Sara Lee and Axel Schupf Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.* Craig and Barbara Barrett Anthony J. Yun and Kimberly George P. Mitchell* Jordan* and Rhoda Baruch A. Bazar Raymond* and Beverly Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Sackler Harry E. Bovay, Jr.* $500,000 to $1 million James H. and Marilyn Simons Harvey V. Fineberg and Rose-Marie and Jack R.* Mary E. Wilson Anderson $5 million to $10 million Cecil H. Green* John and Elizabeth Armstrong Donald L. Bren Michael and Sheila Held* Kenneth E. Behring William R. and Rosemary B. Ming and Eva Hsieh Gordon Bell Hewlett* Irwin and Joan Jacobs Elkan R.* and Gail F. Blout Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Kenneth A. Jonsson* Carson Family Charitable Trust Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Tillie K. Lubin* Charina Endowment Fund Prize Fund of the Russ John F. McDonnell Ralph J.* and Carol M. College of Engineering The Ambrose Monell Cicerone and Technology at Ohio Foundation James McConnell Clark University Gordon and Betty Moore Henry David* Dame Jillian Sackler Philip and Sima Needleman Richard Evans* Robert* and Mayari Pritzker Eugene Garfield Foundation Richard L. and Hinda G. Theodore Geballe Rosenthal* Penny and Bill George, George Martine A. Rothblatt Family Foundation

* Deceased 63 William T.* and Catherine Simon Ramo* Rosie and Stirling A.* Colgate Morrison Golden Anne and Walt Robb Barry and Bobbi Coller Alexander Hollaender* Matthew L. Rogers and Swati John D. Corbett* Thomas V. Jones* Mylavarapu Ross and Stephanie Corotis Cindy and Jeong Kim Stephen* and Anne Ryan Lance and Susan Davis Ralph and Claire Landau* Henry and Susan Samueli Roman W. DeSanctis Asta and William W. Lang* David E. Shaw Robert and Florence Deutsch Ruben F.* and Donna Mettler H.E. Simmons* Nicholas M. Donofrio Dane* and Mary Louise Miller Judy Swanson Paul M. Doty* Oliver E. and Gerda K. Nelson* Ted Turner Charles W. Duncan, Jr. Gilbert S. Omenn and Leslie L. Vadasz Ruth and Victor Dzau Martha A. Darling Martha Vaughan George and Maggie Eads Shela and Kumar Patel Charles M.* and Rebecca M. Robert and Cornelia Eaton William J. Rutter Vest James O. Ellis, Jr. and Elisabeth Herbert A. and Dorothea P. Paté-Cornell Simon* $100,000 to $250,000 Dotty and Gordon England Raymond S. Stata Holt Ashley* Emanuel and Peggy Epstein Roy and Diana Vagelos Francisco J. and Hana Ayala Olivia and Peter Farrell Andrew and Erna* Viterbi William F. Ballhaus, Sr.* Michiko So* and Lawrence Alan M. Voorhees* Thomas D.* and Janice H. Finegold Anonymous (1) Barrow Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink H.H. and Eleanor F. Barschall* George and Ann Fisher $250,000 to $500,000 Daniel and Frances Berg Robert C.* and Marilyn G. The Agouron Institute Diane and Norman Bernstein Forney W.O. Baker* Bharati and Murty Bhavaraju Harold K.* and Betty Forsen Warren L. Batts Chip and Belinda Blankenship William L. and Mary Kay Friend Elwyn and Jennifer Berlekamp Erich Bloch* Christopher Galvin Clarence S. Coe* Barry W. Boehm William H. and Melinda F. W. Dale and Jeanne C. Arindam Bose Gates III Compton* David G. Bradley Nan and Chuck Geschke David and Miriam Donoho Lewis M. Branscomb Jack and Linda Gill Jerome H.* and Barbara N. Daniel Branton Martin E. and Lucinda Grossman Sydney Brenner Glicksman Chad and Ann Holliday George* and Virginia George and Christine William R. Jackson* Bugliarello Gloeckler Robert L. and Anne K. James Malin Burnham Christa and Detlef Gloge Mary and Howard* Kehrl Ursula Burns and Lloyd Bean Avram Goldstein* Robin K. and Rose M. McGuire John and Assia Cioffi Robert W. Gore Janet and Richard M.* Morrow Paul Citron and Margaret Paul and Judy Gray Ralph S. O’Connor Carlson Citron Corbin Gwaltney Kenneth H. Olsen* A. James Clark* John O. Hallquist Ann and Michael Ramage G. Wayne Clough

64 Margaret A. Hamburg and Davis L. Masten and Walter Schlup* Peter F. Brown Christopher Ireland Wendy and Eric Schmidt William M. Haney III Roger L. McCarthy David E. Shaw George and Daphne William W. McGuire Richard P. Simmons Hatsopoulos Burt and Deedee McMurtry Robert F. and Lee S. Sproull John L. Hennessy G. William* and Ariadna Miller Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. Jane Hirsh Ronald D. Miller Arnold and Constance Stancell Michael W. Hunkapiller Stanley L. Miller* Richard J. and Bobby Ann M. Blakeman Ingle Sanjit K. and Nandita Mitra Stegemeier Richard B. Johnston, Jr. Joe and Glenna Moore Edward C. Stone Anita K. Jones David* and Lindsay John and Janet Swanson Trevor O. Jones Morgenthaler Charlotte and Morris Thomas Kailath Clayton Daniel and Patricia L. Tanenbaum Yuet Wai and Alvera Kan Mote Peter and Vivian Teets Leon K. and Olga Kirchmayer* Jaya and Venky Narayanamurti James M. Tien and Ellen S. Frederick A. Klingenstein Ellen and Philip Neches Weston William I. Koch Susan and Franklin M. Orr, Jr. Gary and Diane Tooker Gail F. Koshland David Packard* James J. Truchard Jill Howell Kramer Charles and Doris Pankow* John C. Wall Kent Kresa Larry* and Carol Papay Robert and Joan Wertheim John W. Landis* Jack S. Parker* Robert M.* and Mavis E. White Janet and Barry Lang Edward E. Penhoet John C. Whitehead* Ming-wai Lau Allen E.* and Marilynn Puckett Jean D. Wilson Gerald and Doris Laubach Richard F. and Terri W. Rashid Wm. A. Wulf David M.* and Natalie Alexander Rich* Ken Xie Lederman Arthur D. Riggs Tachi and Leslie Yamada Bonnie Berger and Frank Ronald L. Rivest Adrian Zaccaria Thomson Leighton Julie and Alton D. Romig, Jr. Alejandro Zaffaroni* Frances and George Ligler Henry M. Rowan* Janet and Jerry Zucker Whitney and Betty MacMillan Joseph E. and Anne P. Rowe* Anonymous (2) Asad M., Gowhartaj, and Jamal Jonathan J. Rubinstein Madni Maxine L. Savitz

* Deceased 65 NAM Society

In recognition of members and friends of the NAM who have made lifetime contributions totaling $20,000 to $100,000. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold font are NAM members.

$75,000 to $100,000 $20,000 to $50,000 Diane E. Griffin David Baltimore Francois M. Abboud Martha N. Hill John K. Castle Nancy Adler and Arnold Lee Hood and Valerie Logan Michael and Pat McGinnis Milstein Hood Rudi* and Sonja Schmid Dyanne D. Affonso William N. Hubbard, Jr. Frances H. Arnold Tony Hunter $50,000 to $75,000 Jack D. Barchas Catherine Adams Hutt and Paul Berg Peter Barton Hutt John R. Ball Nancy S. and Thomas S. Inui Jacqueline K. Barton and Kenneth I. Berns Maureen Bisognano The Henry J. Kaiser Family Peter B. Dervan Foundation Stuart Bondurant and Floyd E. Bloom Enriqueta C. Bond Kathryn S. and Peter S. Kim Susan Ehringhaus Tadamitsu Kishimoto Purnell W. Choppin Roger J. Bulger Peggy and Thomas Caskey Edward A. and Kathryn F. William H. Danforth Kravitz The Eleftheria Foundation Christine Cassel and Michael McCally Cato and Cynthia Laurencin Delbert A. and Beverly C. Ruth Watson Lubic Fisher David R. and Jacklyn A. Challoner Patricia and George Lundberg Jane E. Henney and Robert Christy and John Mack Graham Ellen Wright Clayton and Jay Clayton Marie McCormick and Woodrow A. Myers, Jr. Robert Blendon Robert M. and Marilyn R. Fred E. Cohen and Carolyn B. Klebanoff Bruce McEwen and Karen Nerem Bulloch McEwen Eric M. Shooter Graham A. Colditz Mary Sue Coleman Jane Menken Maxine F. Singer Mortimer Mishkin Harold C. and Carol H. Sox Colleen Conway-Welch Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Arno G. Motulsky* Samuel O. Thier Van and Barbara Mow Robert E. Tranquada Jane and Worth B.* Daniels, Jr. June E. Osborn Gail L. Warden Herbert Pardes Torsten N. Wiesel Julie H. and Robert J. Desnick Martha P. and Mark C. William C. Richardson Ronald A. Williams Emanuel P. Rivers Anonymous (2) Fishman Richard L. and Lois E. Garwin Marco A. Royo James R. Gavin III Vinod K. Sahney Tony Gotto Charles A. Sanders Bradford H. Gray Randy Schekman Margie and Larry A. Green Donna E. Shalala

66 Larry J. Shapiro Walter and Marti Unger Owen N. Witte Phillip A. Sharp Harold Varmus Mary Woolley Charles J. Sherr Peter K. Vogt Warren and Nikki Zapol Kenneth I. Shine Irving L. Weissman Elias A. Zerhouni Robert L. Sinsheimer Thomas E. Wellems and Michael and Leslee Zubkoff Joan A. and Thomas A. Steitz Marilyn I. Powell Anonymous (1) Rosemary A. Stevens Nancy S. Wexler Jeff Tarr, Sr. C. Kern Wildenthal

Heritage Society

In recognition of members and friends who have included the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine in their estate plans or who have made some other type of planned gift to the Academies. Names in bold are NAM members.

Gene M.* and Marian Amdahl John A. Clements Christa and Detlef Gloge Betsy Ancker-Johnson D. Walter Cohen Joseph W. Goodman John C. Angus Morrel H. Cohen Chushiro* and Yoshiko John and Elizabeth Armstrong Stanley N. Cohen Hayashi Norman R. Augustine Colleen Conway-Welch John G. Hildebrand and Gail Jack D. Barchas Ross and Stephanie Corotis D. Burd Harrison H. and Catherine C. Ellis and Bettsy Cowling Nancy S. and Thomas S. Inui Barrett Molly Joel Coye Richard B. Johnston, Jr. Stanley Baum Barbara J. Culliton Anita K. Jones Clyde J. Behney Malcolm R. Currie Jerome Kagan Elisabeth Belmont David and Susan Daniel Diana S. and Michael D. King Daniel and Frances Berg Peter N. Devreotes Norma M. Lang Paul Berg Mildred S. Dresselhaus* Daniel P. Loucks Elkan R.* and Gail F. Blout Gerard W. Elverum R. Duncan* and Carolyn Enriqueta C. Bond Dotty and Gordon England Scheer Luce Daniel Branton Emanuel and Peggy Epstein Thomas* and Caroline Robert and Lillian Brent Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Maddock Corale L. Brierley Robert C.* and Marilyn G. Asad M. and Gowhartaj Madni James A. Brierley Forney Pat and Jim McLaughlin Lenore and Rob Briskman William L. and Mary Kay Friend Jane Menken Kristine L. Bueche Arthur and Helen Geoffrion Arno G. Motulsky* Dorit Carmelli Paul H. Gilbert Van and Barbara Mow Peggy and Thomas Caskey Martin E. and Lucinda Guido Munch A. Ray Chamberlain Glicksman Mary O. Mundinger Linda and Frank Chisari George and Christine Philip and Sima Needleman Rita K. Chow Gloeckler Norman F. Ness

* Deceased 67 Ronald and Joan Nordgren Julie and Alton D. Romig, Jr. Esther Sans Takeuchi Gilbert S. Omenn and James F. Roth Paul and Pamela Talalay Martha A. Darling Esther and Lewis* Rowland Walter and Marti Unger Bradford W. and Virgina W. Sheila A. Ryan John C. Wall Parkinson Paul R. Schimmel Patricia Bray-Ward and David Zack T. Pate Stuart F. Schlossman C. Ward Neil and Barbara Pedersen Rudi* and Sonja Schmid Robert and Joan Wertheim Frank Press Kenneth I. Shine Maw-Kuen Wu James J. Reisa, Jr. Robert L. Sinsheimer* Wm. A. Wulf Emanuel P. Rivers Arnold and Constance Stancell Tilahun D. Yilma Richard J. and Bonnie B. H. Eugene Stanley Michael and Leslee Zubkoff Robbins Rosemary A. Stevens Anonymous (2) Eugene* and Ruth Roberts John and Janet Swanson

Tributes

The Heritage Society Medal recognizes members and friends who have included the National Academies in their estate plans or who have made another type of planned gift.

68 Loyalty Society

In recognition of members and friends who have made gifts to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for at least 20 years. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold are NAM members.

Francois M. Abboud Kristine L. Bueche Harold K.* and Betty Forsen Herbert L. Abrams* Jack E. Buffington T. Kenneth Fowler H. Norman Abramson George* and Virginia Hans and Verena Frauenfelder Andreas and Juana Acrivos Bugliarello Carl Frieden Bruce and Betty Alberts Eugenio Calabi Theodore V. Galambos Clarence R. Allen William B. Carey Joseph G. Gall Barbara W. Alpert David R. and Jacklyn A. Ronald L. Geer Marilynn and Charles A.* Challoner E. Peter Geiduschek Amann Purnell W. Choppin Charles M. Geschke Wyatt W. Anderson James McConnell Clark David V. Goeddel John C. Angus John L. Cleasby Mary L. Good Frank F. Aplan John A. Clements Joseph W. Goodman Edward M. Arnett Linda Hawes Clever Richard M. Goody Daniel L. Azarnoff Michael D. Coe Ronald L. Graham Donald W. Bahr Richard A. Conway Paul E. Gray Howard L. Bailit Linda A. Cozzarelli Shirley and Harry Gray Jack D. Barchas Max D. Cooper Robert B. Griffiths Jeremiah A. Barondess Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Michael Grossman Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Lawrence B. Curtis Adam Heller John C. Beck* William H. Danforth Jane E. Henney and Robert Richard E. Behrman Igor B. Dawid Graham Gordon Bell Mary and Raymond Decker Ernest M. Henley Leslie Z. Benet Roman W. DeSanctis David and Susan Hodges Paul Berg Nicholas M. Donofrio Frank Hole Kenneth I. Berns Irwin Dorros Edward E. Hood, Jr. Diane and Norman Bernstein W. G. Ernst Joseph F. Hoffman Stuart Bondurant and Harold J. Fallon William N. Hubbard, Jr. Susan Ehringhaus Gary Felsenfeld Catherine Adams Hutt and Kathleen and H. Kent Bowen Harvey V. Fineberg and Peter Barton Hutt Lewis M. Branscomb Mary E. Wilson J. David Jackson* John and Sharon Brauman Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Andre T. Jagendorf W. F. Brinkman Samuel C. Florman Robert L. and Anne K. James Alan C. Brown G. David Forney, Jr. George W. Jeffs Donald D. Brown Robert C.* and Marilyn G. Paul C. Jennings Harold Brown Forney James O. Jirsa

* Deceased 69 Anita K. Jones Elaine and Gerald* Nadler Joan A. and Thomas A. Steitz Richard V. Kadison Jaya and Venky Narayanamurti Rosemary A. Stevens Samuel L. Katz and Philip and Sima Needleman Edward C. Stone Catherine M. Wilfert Robert M. and Marilyn R. Robert Straus Seymour J. Klebanoff* Nerem Lubert and Andrea Stryer Max A. Kohler Joseph H. Newman F. William Studier James S. and Elinor G. A. Elena and Stuart Nightingale Norman Sutin Langer Ronald and Joan Nordgren Paul and Pamela Talalay Louis J. and M. Yvonne DeWolf Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Charlotte and Morris Lanzerotti Gilbert S. Omenn and Tanenbaum Lynn M. Larsen Martha A. Darling Samuel O. Thier Joyce C. Lashof Gordon H. Orians Anita and George Thompson Gerald and Doris Laubach George W. Parshall George H. Trilling Judith R. Lave Thomas K. Perkins Alvin Trivelpiece Cynthia and Robert Lawrence Gordon H. Pettengill Roxanne and Karl K.* Turekian Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers Karl S. Pister Martha Vaughan Robert G. Loewy Frank Press Raymond Viskanta Thomas and Caroline William H. Press Andrew and Erna* Viterbi Maddock Donald E. Procknow* Peter K. Vogt Anthony P. Mahowald Simon Ramo* Irv Waaland Vincent T. Marchesi Janet and Lester* Reed George D. Watkins Hans Mark Charles C. Richardson Julia and Johannes Weertman James F. Mathis Jerome G. Rivard Robert J. Weimer Robert D. Maurer Maxine L. Savitz Herbert Weissbach Charles A. McCallum R. Duncan* and Carolyn Jasper A. Welch, Jr. Marie McCormick and Scheer Luce Robert M.* and Mavis E. White Robert Blendon Gerold L. Schiebler Catherine M. Wilfert Christopher F. McKee Richard M. Schoen Evelyn M. Witkin Mortimer Mishkin William R. Schowalter Owen N. Witte Peter B. Moore F. Stan Settles Gerald N. Wogan Joel Moses Stephen M. Shortell Wm. A. Wulf Arno G. Motulsky Maxine F. Singer Anonymous (1) John H. Moxley III Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. Earll M. Murman Raymond S. Stata

70 Annual Giving Societies

The National Academy of Medicine gratefully acknowledges the following members and friends who made charitable contributions during 2017 to support the NAM, and those NAM members who supported the Committee on Human Rights, a joint committee of the three academies. The collective, private philanthropy of these individuals enables the NAM to fulfill its mission to build a healthier future. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation.

Catalyst Society Charter Society Ellen Wright Clayton and Jay $50,000 to $100,000 $1,000 to $9,999 Clayton D. Walter Cohen Jack W. and Valerie Rowe Francois M. Abboud Fred E. Cohen and Carolyn B. Friends Quarraisha and Salim S. Klebanoff Abdool Karim Graham A. Colditz Martine A. Rothblatt Dyanne D. Affonso Barry and Bobbi Coller Anthony J. Yun and Kimberly Bobby R. Alford* Christos Coutifaris A. Bazar Arthur K. Asbury Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Barbara F. Atkinson William H. Danforth Rosette Society John P. Atkinson Philip D. Darney and Uta E. $25,000 to $49,999 John R. Ball Landy Jack D. Barchas Harvey V. Fineberg and Mary Catherine D. DeAngelis Jeremiah A. Barondess E. Wilson Roman W. DeSanctis Angela Barron McBride Jane Henney and Robert Julie H. and Robert J. Desnick William G. Barsan Graham Don E. Detmer Howard Bauchner Ronald D. Miller William H. Dietz Arthur L. Beaudet Leonard D. Schaeffer Vishva M. Dixit Paul Berg Jack and Claudia Dixon Ruth L. Berkelman Challenge Society Sue K. Donaldson Bobbie A. Berkowitz R. Gordon Douglas, Jr. $10,000 to $24,999 Dennis M. Bier Jeffrey A. Drebin Ruth and Victor Dzau Mina J. Bissell Deborah A. Driscoll Delbert A. and Beverly C. Maureen Bisognano James S. Economou Fisher Rena Bizios Alain C. Enthoven Margie and Larry A. Green Stuart Bondurant and Susan Harold J. Fallon Steven E. Hyman Ehringhaus Joseph J. Fins Harold C. and Carol H. Sox Lewis M. Branscomb Martha P. and Mark C. Malcolm K. Brenner Friend Fishman Claire D. Brindis Walter R. Frontera Ronald A. Williams Linda Burnes Bolton Elena and Peter Fuentes- John and Denise Carethers Afflick John Chae Steven G. Gabbe Lincoln C. Chen Donald E. Ganem Frank A. Chervenak Norman F. Gant Yu-Mei Y. Chao Patricia A. Ganz

* Deceased 71 Naomi Lynn Gerber Bruce McEwen and Karen Robert B. Wallace Barbara A. Gilchrest Bulloch McEwen Gail L. Warden Sid Gilman Michael and Pat McGinnis Myron and Linda Weisfeldt Bradford H. Gray William W. McGuire Myrna M. Weissman M.R.C. Greenwood Edward W. Merrill Nancy S. Wexler Diane E. Griffin Lloyd B. Minor Huntington F. Willard David S. Guzick Kelle H. Moley Owen N. Witte Ashley T. Haase Valerie Montgomery Rice Gerald N. Wogan Barbara C. Hansen Vincent Mor Mary Woolley Howard H. Hiatt Robert M. and Marilyn R. James O. Woolliscroft Martha N. Hill Nerem Tachi and Leslie Yamada Lee Hood and Valerie Logan John E. Niederhuber Keith R. Yamamoto Hood Marshall W. Nirenberg* Elias A. Zerhouni H. Robert Horvitz Paul A. Offit Michael and Leslee Zubkoff Susan Band Horwitz Herbert Pardes Betsy L. Humphreys John A. Parrish Friends Richard and Fleur Hynes Jonathan B. Perlin Gordon Baym and Cathrine Mae C. Jemison Helen and David Piwnica- Blom Michael M.E. Johns Worms Alix Goelet Larry R. Kaiser Thomas D. Pollard Jim and Cindy Hinchman Beth Y. Karlan Claire Pomeroy A. J. Hunter Robert P. Kelch E. Albert Reece Lynn M. Larsen Allan D. Kirk Wayne J. Riley Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. Kenneth W. Kizer Emanuel P. Rivers Walter and Marti Unger Keith P. Klugman Vinod K. Sahney David Korn Gerold L. Schiebler Other Individual Donors Edward A. and Kathryn F. Dennis J. Selkoe Kravitz Donna E. Shalala Evan D. Abel Richard D. Krugman Iris R. Shannon Anissa Abi-Dargham Steven M. and Elaine L. Larson Larry J. Shapiro Lucile L. Adams-Campbell Cynthia and Robert Lawrence Carla J. Shatz S. J. Adelstein Albert Lee Charles J. Sherr Gustavo D. Aguirre Brendan and Maria Lee Henry R. Shinefield Linda H. Aiken Paul P. Lee Eric M. Shooter Anita Allen Alan I. Leshner Joe Leigh Simpson Paula G. Allen-Meares Maureen Lichtveld Maxine F. Singer David B. Allison Ruth Watson Lubic Jeannette E. South-Paul Myron Allukian, Jr. Patricia and George Lundberg Rosemary A. Stevens Robert J. Alpern Adel A. Mahmoud David K. Stevenson Lawrence K. Altman JoAnn E. Manson Jerome F. Strauss III Stuart H. Altman Howard Markel George E. Thibault Masayuki Amaga Laurie K. McCauley Samuel O. Thier Kenneth C. Anderson Marie McCormick and Robert John Q. Trojanowski and Norman B. Anderson Blendon Virginia M.-Y. Lee Lawrence J. Appel Scott and Andrea Armstrong 72 Reed V. Tuckson Ann M. Arvin Ralph L. Brinster Susan J. Curry David A. Asch Emery N. Brown John R. David Tom P. Aufderheide Bruce G. Buchanan Ezra C. Davidson, Jr. Dennis A. Ausiello J. Robert Buchanan Pamela B. Davis K. Frank Austen Rebecca H. Buckley Lisa DeAngelis Joan K. Austin Joseph A. Buckwalter Alan H. DeCherney Daniel L. Azarnoff Kathleen Coen Buckwalter Carlos M. del Rio Howard L. Bailit Roger J. Bulger John and Barbara DeLancey Ruzena K. Bajcsy Benjamin S. Bunney Patrick H. DeLeon C. Wayne Bardin William E. Bunney, Jr. Joel A. DeLisa Clyde F. Barker Ann W. Burgess Mahlon R. DeLong Michele Barry and Mark Cullen Michael L. Callaham David L. DeMets Paul B. Batalden Xuetao Cao Ronald A. DePinho Eugene A. Bauer M. Paul Capp Salvatore DiMauro Bruce J. Baum Diana D. Cardenas Nancy Wilson Dickey Andrew W. Bazemore Robert M. Carey James F. Dickson III Leslie Z. Benet William B. Carey Richard DiMarchi Georges C. Benjamin Charles C.J. Carpenter Raymond J. Dingledine J. Claude Bennett William T. Carpenter, Jr. Dennis E. Discher John A. Benson, Jr. Webster and Jill Cavenee Kenneth A. Dodge Nancy Berliner Elliot L. Chaikof Kathleen A. Dracup Chris Beyrer Setsuko K. Chambers Ronald S. Duman Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo Howard Y. Chang Mitzi L. Duxbury Andrew B. Bindman Cyril Chantler Felton Earls and Maya Carlson Eula Bingham R. Alta Charo David L. Eaton Michelle H. Biros Michael E. Chernew Timothy Eberlein Diane F. Birt Andrea L. Cheville James Eisenach Robert E. Black Shu Chien David and Lucy T. Eisenberg Robert L. Black Lynda Chin Karen M. Emmons Martin J. Blaser Marshall H. Chin Robert M. Epstein Bruce R. Blazar Kathleen R. Cho Carroll L. Estes Dan G. Blazer Rita K. Chow E. Harvey Estes, Jr. R. Don Blim Benjamin K. Chu Caswell A. Evans, Jr. Clara D. Bloomfield Francisco G. Cigarroa Timothy G. Evans Enriqueta C. Bond Sarah Cleaveland William E. Evans Michael L. Boninger Linda Hawes Clever Diana L. Farmer Richard J. Bonnie Mary Sue Coleman John W. Farquhar L. Thompson Bowles Jack M. Colwill Eric R. Fearon W. Thomas Boyce Roger D. Cone Eva L. Feldman Roscoe O. Brady PonJola Coney Stephanie L. Ferguson Allan M. Brandt Patricia A. Conrad Donna M. Ferriero Paula A. Braveman Patrick Conway Lee A. Fleisher Troyen A. Brennan Colleen Conway-Welch Kathleen M. Foley Larry Culpepper Stephen P. Fortmann * Deceased 73 Henry W. Foster, Jr. Jerris R. Hedges Peter O. Kohler Ellen Frank and David Kupfer Sean Hennessy Richard D. Kolodner Julie A. Freischlag Carol P. Herbert Gabriel P. Krestin Carol Friedman Kurt and Rochelle Hirschhorn John H. Krystal Mark Frisse Tomas Hokfelt Casimir A. Kulikowski Dennis G. Fryback King K. Holmes Shiriki K. Kumanyika Fred H. Gage William Holzemer Nathan Kuppermann Mitchell H. Gail Waun K. Hong Ann Kurth E. John Gallagher Thomas F. Hornbein Michael D. Lairmore Stephen J. Galli Jennifer L. Howse Norma M. Lang Vanessa Northington Gamble James M. Hughes Joyce C. Lashof Theodore G. Ganiats Barbara S. Hulka Judith R. Lave Kristine M. Gebbie Catherine Adams Hutt and Wendy and Ted Lawrence Robert J. Genco Peter Barton Hutt Michael L. LeFevre Ronald N. Germain Anna Huttenlocher Howard Leventhal Irma Gigli Donald E. Ingber Myron M. Levine Melissa L. Gilliam Sharon K. Inouye Jianan Li Michael and Mary Gimbrone Richard J. Jackson T. Jake Liang David Ginsburg Elaine Sarkin Jaffe George Lister Linda C. Giudice Mukesh K. Jain Irving M. London Karen Glanz Marjorie K. Jeffcoat Daniel H. Lowenstein Christopher and Renee Glass Frances E. Jensen Guillermina Lozano Roger I. Glass Dilip V. Jeste Stephen Ludwig Seymour and Brenda Glick Nicholas P. and Debra J. Jewell Ann C. Macaulay Alison M. Goate Roger A. Johns Peter and Marlene MacLeish Irving H. Goldberg Julie A. Johnson Albert Macovski Bernard D. Goldstein Albert R. Jonsen Gerald L. Mandell Francisco Gonzalez-Scarano Alexandra L. Joyner Audrey F. Manley Patricia A. Grady Carl June Lynne E. Maquat Deborah Greenspan Michael M. Kaback Eve E. Marder John S. Greenspan Roger D. Kamm James S. and Judith M. Marks John W. Griffin* Gary Kaplan Michael Marletta and Robert C. Griggs Nancy Kass Margaret Gutowski Paul F. Griner Jerome P. Kassirer Robert R. Marshak Jerome E. Groopman Michael B. Kastan Barry and Adrienne Marshall Michael Grossman Lydia Kavraki Joseph B. Martin Fernando A. Guerra Carol Keehan Ricardo Martinez Bernard Guyer Art Kellermann Manuel Martinez-Maldonado Victoria G. Hale Sung Wan Kim Ida M. Martinson Charles B. Hammond Lonnie J. King Bettie Sue S. Masters Paula T. Hammond Patricia A. King Donald R. Mattison Stephen W. Hargarten Raynard S. Kington Jonna Mazet Charlene A. Harrington Darrell G. Kirch Elizabeth R. McAnarney Maxine Hayes Charles R. Kleeman Charles A. McCallum 74 William R. Hazzard Mary Anne Koda-Kimble Linda A. McCauley Elizabeth A. McGlynn Harry T. Orr David H. Sachs Guy M. McKhann Sten Orrenius J. Evan Sadler Catherine G. McLaughlin Joseph S. Pagano Yoel Sadovsky Bernadette Mazurek Guy H. Palmer James F. Sallis W. Walter Menninger Robert E. Patricelli Jane E. Salmon Antonios G. Mikos Timothy A. Pedley Peter Salovey Edward D. Miller Nicholas A. Peppas Bruce J. Sams Joan W. Miller Edward B. Perrin David Satcher Louis H. Miller James M. Perrin Peter T. Scardino Beverly S. Mitchell Ora H. Pescovitz Randy Schekman Richard T. Miyamoto Anne C. Petersen Joseph E. Scherger Thomas W. Moloney Martin A. Philbert Fritz H. Schroder Jonathan D. Moreno Robert and Katherine Phillips Steven A. Schroeder James A. Morone Daniel S. Pine Mark A. Schuster John Morrison Vivian W. Pinn Alan L. Schwartz Marsha A. Moses Jeffrey L. Platt J. Sanford and Susan Schwartz John H. Moxley III Peter J. Polverini Thomas and Jane Schwenk Louis J. Muglia Scott L. Pomeroy Susan C. Scrimshaw Fitzhugh Mullan Jerome B. Posner Donald W. Seldin Cynthia D. Mulrow Kathleen M. Potempa Michael N. Shadlen Alicia H. Munnell Deborah E. Powell Nirav R. and Nidhi N. Shah Susan A. Murphy Donald L. Price Stephen M. Shortell Mark A. Musen Louis J. Ptacek Edward H. Shortliffe Milap C. Nahata Jennifer M. Puck Ira Shoulson Mary D. Naylor Paul G. Quie Paul A. Sieving Liz and Ben Neufeld Thomas C. Quinn Samuel C. Silverstein Duncan B. Neuhauser Mitchell T. Rabkin Lisa Simpson Robin P. Newhouse Amelie G. Ramirez Jeanne C. Sinkford Roger A. Nicoll Thomas A. Rando Harold C. Slavkin Jennifer R. Niebyl Marilyn J. Rantz James P. Smith Nancy Nielsen Judith L. Rapoport Lloyd H. Smith, Jr. Elena and Stuart Nightingale Robert D. Reischauer Richard J. Smith Robert L. Nussbaum Mary V. Relling Joseph W. St. Geme III William L. Nyhan Charles C. Richardson Douglas O. Staiger Godfrey P. Oakley Lynne D. Richardson John R. Stanley Charles P. O’Brien Barbara K. Rimer William and Janet Stead Kenneth Offit Neil J. Risch Lawrence Steinman Seiji Ogawa James M. Roberts Donald M. Steinwachs Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha Saul A. Rosenberg Joan A. and Thomas A. Steitz A. Darling Steven A. Rosenberg Andy Stergachis Suzanne Oparil James Roth Georg Stingl Walter A. Orenstein Edward Rubenstein Barbara J. Stoll Joseph P. Ornato David R. Rubinow Robert Straus Erkki Ruoslahti Chorh-Chuan Tan * Deceased 75 Gerald E. Thomson Richard S. Wilbur Bennett M. Brady William M. Tierney Michelle Williams Karen Domino Oyewale Tomori Charles B. Wilson James D. Ettari Robert E. Tranquada Donald E. Wilson Libo Fineberg Harold Varmus Linda S. and Paul A. Wilson Julie Ische Barbara Vickrey Phyllis M. Wise Jamie M. Killorin Diane W. Wara Nancy F. Woods Erika C. Manning Kenneth E. Warner X. Sunney S. Xie Michael Murphy and Karen Judith Wasserheit Wayne and Lynn Yokoyama Gundersen Connie M. Weaver Frank E. Young Shawn Neil Ralph Weissleder Laurence R. Young Kristina Novick Thomas E. Wellems and Kathryn C. Zoon Michael Rosenblatt Marilyn I. Powell George D. Zuidema Trevor Taylor Zena Werb Marianne Tropp and Chris John B. West Friends Loughner Carolyn L. Westhoff Barbara W. Alpert Debra Weinstein Raymond P. White, Jr. Eric Bohn Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish

Donors are honored during a luncheon at the 2017 Annual Meeting. 76 Tributes

In Memory of Jeff Conrad—Patricia A. Conrad In Memory of Howard Eichenbaum—Michael N. Shadlen In Memory of Menek Goldstein—Tomas Hokfelt In Memory of James P. Hughes—James M. Hughes In Memory of Clifford Keene—Walter and Marti Unger In Memory of Richard Krause—Thomas C. Quinn In Memory of Theresa Manson—JoAnn E. Manson In Memory of Luigi Matroianni, Jr.—Christos Coutifaris, Deborah A. Driscoll In Memory of Jeffrey F. Moley—Kelle H. Moley In Memory of Malcolm and Leonie Morrison—John Morrison In Memory of Julius Richmond—Graham A. Colditz In Memory of Stephen Ryan—Paul P. Lee In Memory of Geoffrey Shellam—Barry and Adrienne Marshall In Memory of Roscoe William “Bill” Shirley, Jr.—Trevor Taylor

In Honor of Cyrus and Louise Bazemore—Andrew W. Bazemore In Honor of George Bibbins—Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo In Honor of Natacha Blain and Angela Diaz—Elena and Peter Fuentes-Afflick In Honor of Robert Brent—Frank A. Chervenak In Honor of Roger and Ruth Bulger—Walter and Marti Unger In Honor of Joel DeLisa and Pamela Davis—John Chae In Honor of David Discher—Dennis E. Discher In Honor of Victor Dzau and Michael McGinnis—Jonathan B. Perlin In Honor of Emma Fine—Eric Bohn In Honor of Harvey V. Fineberg—Libo Fineberg, J. Sanford and Susan Schwartz In Honor of Doug Holm—Shawn R. Neil In Honor of Richard Johnston—Godfrey P. Oakley In Honor of David Nathan—Scott and Andrea Armstrong In Honor of Tara and Toni Tomori—Oyewale Tomori In Honor of Donald Trump—Kristina Novick In Honor of Tadataka Yamada—Sharon K. Inouye In Honor of The defense of evidence and science in troubled times— Lisa Simpson In Honor of Giving Tuesday—Anissa Abi-Dargham

77 Foundations, Corporations, & Other Organizations

Lifetime

In recognition of foundations, corporations, and other organizations that have given gifts or grants totaling $1 million or more to the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, or the National Academy of Medicine. Names in bold have supported the NAM or the former IOM.

$25 million or more $5 million to $10 million S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation Carnegie Corporation of Michael and Susan Dell Blue Shield of California New York Foundation Foundation The Ford Foundation The Grainger Foundation The Boeing Charitable Trust The Bill & Melinda Gates The Irvine Company The Boeing Company Foundation Kaiser Permanente Breast Cancer Research The Robert Wood Johnson Merck & Company, Inc. Foundation Foundation Gordon and Betty Moore Bristol-Myers Squibb The Kavli Foundation Foundation Company W. M. Keck Foundation The Pew Charitable Trusts Burroughs Wellcome Fund W. K. Kellogg Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation The California Endowment The Koshland Foundation California HealthCare $1 million to $5 million Foundation $10 million to $25 million Margaret A. Cargill Foundation Aetna Foundation The Annie E. Casey Arnold and Mabel American Board of Family Foundation Beckman Foundation Medicine CDC Foundation The Charles Stark Draper American Cancer Society, Inc. Chevron Corporation Laboratory American Legacy Chrysler Group LLC The William and Flora Foundation The Commonwealth Fund Hewlett Foundation American Public D. E. Shaw Research, LLC Howard Hughes Medical Transportation Association The Dow Chemical Company Institute America’s Health Insurance E.I. du Pont de Nemours & The John D. and Catherine Plans Foundation Company T. MacArthur Foundation Amgen, Inc. Eastman Kodak Company The Andrew W. Mellon Laura and John Arnold The Ellison Medical Foundation Foundation Foundation The Cynthia and George Association of American ExxonMobil Corporation Mitchell Foundation Railroads ExxonMobil Foundation Raymond & Beverly Sackler AstraZeneca Ford Motor Company Foundation, Inc. Pharmaceuticals LP Foundation for Child Simons Foundation AT&T Corporation Development Alfred P. Sloan Foundation The Atlantic Philanthropies Foundation for Food and (USA) Agriculture Research Craig & Barbara Barrett General Electric Company Foundation General Motors Company Battelle GlaxoSmithKline 78 Google Inc. Eli Lilly and Company The David and Lucile William T. Grant Foundation Lockheed Martin Corporation Packard Foundation Great Lakes Protection Fund Richard Lounsbery Peter G. Peterson The Greenwall Foundation Foundation Foundation The John A. Hartford Lumina Foundation for Pfizer, Inc. Foundation, Inc. Education Robert Pritzker Family Leona M. and Harry B. Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation Foundation Helmsley Foundation Merck Company Foundation Research Corporation for Hewlett-Packard Company Microsoft Corporation Science Advancement Hsieh Family Foundation The Ambrose Monell Rockefeller Brothers Fund Intel Corporation Foundation Richard & Hinda Rosenthal International Business Monsanto Company Foundation Machines Corporation National Multiple Sclerosis Sanofi-Aventis Johnson & Johnson Society Shell Oil Company The JPB Foundation Northrop Grumman The Spencer Foundation JSM Charitable Trust Corporation The Starr Foundation Ewing Marion Kauffman Northrop Grumman United Therapeutics Foundation Foundation Corporation The Susan G. Komen Breast Novartis Pharmaceuticals The Wellcome Trust Cancer Foundation Corporation Robert W. Woodruff Daniel E. Koshland, Jr. Family Nuclear Threat Initiative Foundation Fund O’Donnell Foundation Xerox Corporation The Kresge Foundation

Annual

In recognition of foundations, corporations, or other organizations that made gifts or grants to support the National Academy of Medicine in 2017.

Abbott Fund Matching Grant American Board of Family American Dermatological Plan Medicine Association ABIM Foundation American Board of Medical American Medical Association Academy Health Specialties (ABMS) American Nurses Association Accreditation Council for American College of American Society of Graduate Medical Education Emergency Physicians Anesthesiologists Al Alhi Hospital American College of American Society of Health American Academy of Medical Obstetricians & System Pharmacists Colleges Gynecologists Association of American American Academy of Pediatrics American College of Physicians Medical Colleges American Association of American College of Surgeons Association of Schools and Colleges of Nursing American Dental Education Programs of Public Health American Association of Colleg- Association Association of Schools of es of Osteopathic Medicine Public Health 79 AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP The John A. Hartford Patient-Centered Outcomes The AYCO Charitable Foundation, Inc. Research Institute Foundation Harvard Global Health The Robert & Margaret Bank of America Charitable Institute Patricelli Family Foundation, Gift Fund Healthcare Financial Inc. Benevity Community Impact Management Association Pfizer Foundation Matching Fund HIMSS Greater China Gifts Program Bezos Family Foundation Hospital Corporation of Premier Healthcare Alliance Blue Shield of California America Raikes Foundation Foundation Humana, Inc. Raymond James Charitable Branscomb Family Foundation International Aesthesia Endowment Fund Brewster Foundation Research Society Risk Management Foundation Burroughs Wellcome Fund International Business of Harvard Medical Capital Consulting Machines Corporation Institutions Corporation International Health The Robert Wood Johnson The Annie E. Casey Foundation Foundation Foundation Japan Society for the The Rowe Family Foundation The Commonwealth Fund Promotion of Science Sanofi-Aventis Community Foundation for The Johns Hopkins University Schwab Charitable Fund Southeastern Michigan Johnson & Johnson The Seattle Foundation The Community Foundation The Joyce Foundation Sierra Health Foundation Serving Boulder County Lanson Foundation Society of Academic Conway-Welch Family Robert R. McCormick Emergency Medicine Foundation Foundation Society of Neurological The Dana Foundation Medtronic, Inc. Surgeons RG & AM Douglas Foundation Merck & Company, Inc. TIAA Charitable Doris Duke Charitable Miami Foundation United HealthCare Foundation The Gordon and Betty Moore United Therapeutics Epic Foundation Corporation Federation of American Morehouse School of University of Alabama Health Hospitals Medicine Services Foundation Federation of State Medical National Public Education University of Maryland Faculty Boards Support Fund Physicians, Inc. Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund The David and Lucile Packard Vanguard Charitable The Ford Foundation Foundation Endowment program Geisinger Health System Partners HealthCare Systems, Zerhouni Family Charitable Greater Kansas City Inc. Foundation, Inc. Community Foundation

We have made every effort to list donors accurately and according to their wishes. If we made an error, please accept our apologies and contact the Office Development at (202) 334-1342 so that we may correct our records.

80 Complete Program Listing

81 Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being & Resilience

A standing group of over 50 organizations committed to preventing burnout and promoting clinician well-being to ensure high-quality patient care and improve the function of the health system. More information: nam.edu/CW.

Director: Charlee M. Alexander Lois Margaret Nora (Co-Lead), American ([email protected]) Board of Medical Specialties Chair: Victor J. Dzau, National Academy of Connie Barden, American Association of Medicine Critical-Care Nurses Timothy Brigham, Accreditation Council for Vice Chair: Darrell Kirch, Association of Graduate Medical Education American Medical Colleges Helen Burstin, Council of Medical Specialty Vice Chair: Thomas Nasca, Accreditation Societies Council for Graduate Medical Education Anna Legreid Dopp, American Society of Health System Pharmacists Research, Data, and Metrics Working Jay Kaplan, American College of Emergency Group Physicians Steve Bird (Co-Lead), Society for Academic Sandeep Kishore, Icahn School of Medicine Emergency Medicine at Mount Sinai Robert Harbaugh (Co-Lead), Society of Beverly Malone, National League for Nursing Neurological Surgeons LaVonne Ortega, Centers for Disease Control Alan Balch, Patient Advocate Foundation and Prevention Lotte Dyrbye, Mayo Clinic Paul Rothman, Johns Hopkins Medicine Jordyn Feingold, Icahn School of Medicine at Tina Shah Mount Sinai Fan Tait, American Academy of Pediatrics Lorna Lynn, American Board of Internal Mark Upton, Department of Veterans Affairs Medicine and the ABIM Foundation Kenya McRae, American Osteopathic External Factors and Workflow Working Association Group Bernadette Melnyk, Ohio State University Pamela Cipriano (Co-Lead), American Nurses David Meyers, Agency for Healthcare Association Research and Quality Cynthia Daisy Smith (Co-Lead), American Edith Mitchell, National Medical Association College of Physicians) Robert Phillips, American Board of Family Sam Butler, Epic Medicine Mark DeFrancesco, American Congress of Johnathan Ripp, Collaborative for Healing Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Renewal in Medicine Theodore Delbridge, Association of Srijan Sen, University of Michigan Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine Javeed Sukhera, Western University Jessica Fried, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Conceptual Model Working Group Tejal Gandhi, National Patient Safety Arthur Hengerer (Co-Lead), Federation of Foundation at Institute for Healthcare State Medical Boards Improvement 82 Ron Harter, American Society of Deborah Trautman, American Association of Anesthesiologists Colleges of Nursing David Hoyt, American College of Surgeons Andrea Borondy Kitts, Lahey Hospital & Publications and Art Show Working Group Medical Center Sandeep Kishore (Lead), Icahn School of Alex Ommaya, Association of American Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Colleges Carol Bernstein, New York University School Hal Paz, Aetna of Medicine David Rogers, UAB Medicine Jay Bhatt, American Hospital Association Lewis Sandy, UnitedHealth Group Steve Bird, Society for Academic Emergency Luke Sato, CRICO Medicine Christine Sinsky, American Medical Tim Brigham, Accreditation Council for Association Graduate Medical Education Paul Tang, IBM Watson Health Neil Busis, American Academy of Neurology Victor Dzau, National Academy of Medicine Messaging and Communications Working Jordyn Feingold, Icahn School of Medicine at Group Mount Sinai Neil Busis (Co-Lead), American Academy of Jessica Fried, Hospital of the University of Neurology Pennsylvania Clif Knight (Co-Lead), American Academy of Amy Hildreth, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Family Physicians Center Carol Bernstein, New York University School Jay Kaplan, American College of Emergency of Medicine Physicians Jay Bhatt, American Hospital Association Darrell Kirch, Association of American Sheila Blackstock, Centers for Medicare and Medical Colleges Medicaid Services Michael Maguire, Jefferson/Christiana Care Lynne Chafetz, Alliance of Independent Kenya McRae, American Osteopathic Academic Medical Centers Association Robert Cherry, UCLA Hospital System Thomas Nasca, Accreditation Council for Linda Hawes Clever, RENEW Graduate Medical Education Michael Colston, Department of Defense Jonathan Ripp, Collaborative for Healing and Amy Hildreth, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Renewal in Medicine Center Tina Shah Saul Levin, American Psychiatric Association Javeed Sukhera, Schulich School of Medicine Michael Maguire, Jefferson/Christiana Care and Dentistry at Western University in London, Aditi Mallick, George Washington University Ontario, Canada School of Medicine & Health Sciences Deborah Trautman, American Association of Graham McMahon, Accreditation Council for Colleges of Nursing Continuing Medical Education Stephen Shannon, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Peter Slavin, Massachusetts General Hospital Denice Stewart, American Dental Education Association 83 Culture of Health Program

A multiyear collaborative effort to identify strategies to create and sustain conditions that support equitable good health for all Americans. The first five years of the program will produce a series of NASEM consensus studies, as well as public workshops, community events, and tools for stakeholders.

Co-Directors: Charlee M. Alexander Jeffrey Hutchinson, Uniformed Services ([email protected]) and Ivory Clarke University of the Health Sciences ([email protected]) Otho Kerr, Encourage Capital Raynard Kington, Grinnell College Advisory Committee Howard Koh, Harvard Kennedy School Hortensia de los Angeles Amaro, University Gilbert Liu, Kentucky Department of Medicaid of Southern California Services Stuart Butler, Brookings Institution Velma McBride Murry, Vanderbilt University Patrick DeLeon, Uniformed Services Dwayne Proctor, Robert Wood Johnson University of the Health Sciences Foundation Karen DeSalvo, Dell Medical School, The Karen Remley, American Academy of University of Texas at Austin Pediatrics Angela Diaz, Icahn School of Medicine at Anna Ricklin, American Planning Association Mount Sinai Martín Sepulveda, IBM Watson Health John Dreyzehner, Tennessee Department of Tipiziwin Tolman, Lakota Language Nest Health Antonia Villarruel, University of Pennsylvania Shirley Franklin, Former Two-Term Mayor of School of Nursing Atlanta Gail Wilensky, Project Hope Julian Harris, Harvard Kennedy School

DC Public Health Case Challenge

A local university team competition that promotes interdisciplinary, problem-based learning around a public health issue that faces the Washington, DC, community.

Director: Amy Geller ([email protected])

Participants from the 2017 DC Public Health Case Challenge prize- winning teams (American University, Georgetown University, George Wash- ington University, and Howard University). The 2017 topic was Lead and Adverse Childhood Ex- periences: Neurological and Behavioral Conse- quences for Youth in the District of Columbia 84 Emerging Leaders Forum

A term membership program for exceptional early- and mid-career health and medicine professionals to learn by embedding in NAM activities and to share their expertise to guide NAM strategic development.

Co-Directors: Gregg Margolis (gmargolis@nas. Margaret (Gretchen) L. Schwarze, edu) and Meg McCoy ([email protected]) University of Wisconsin Julie Segre, National Institutes of Health 2017-2018 Forum Roster Kimberly Snyder, Food and Drug Deidra C. Crews, Johns Hopkins University Administration Center for Tobacco Products School of Medicine Sohail Tavazoie, The Rockefeller University Lori Freedman, University of California, San Y. Claire Wang, Columbia University Francisco Joseph C. Wu, Stanford School of Medicine Christopher Friese, University of Michigan Ramnik Xavier, Massachusetts General School of Nursing Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Broad Sandeep Kishore, Icahn School of Medicine Institute at Mount Sinai

Healthy Longevity Grand Challenge

A series of inducement prizes, as well as an evidence-based global roadmap report, to catalyze transformative innovation and inform policies and priorities to advance healthy aging worldwide.

Director: Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected])

Design Committee Roderic Pettigrew, Texas A&M University Nancy E. Adler, University of California, San Keith Powers, Engaged Partners Francisco John (Jack) Rowe, Columbia University Mark C. Fishman, Harvard University Mailman School of Public Health Diane E. Griffin, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Mark Walport, UK Research and Innovation School of Public Health Tadataka (Tachi) Yamada, Frazier Marc Hodosh, Hodosh Productions Healthcare Partners Edward W. Holmes, Sanford Consortium for Anthony Joonkyoo “Joon” Yun, Palo Alto Regenerative Medicine Investors, LLC H. Robert Horvitz, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Massachusetts Institute of Technology

85 Health Policy Fellowships and Leadership Programs

Four fellowship programs designed to enrich the experience of early- and mid-career professionals and foster the next generation of health and medical leaders.

Director: Gregg Margolis ([email protected])

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Policy Fellows

The nation’s most comprehensive fellowship experience at the nexus of health, science, and policy in Washington, DC.

2017-2018 Fellows Allison Myers, Counter Tools Carrie Colla, The Dartmouth Institute for Karin Rhodes, Northwell Health and Hofstra Health Policy and Clinical Practice Northwell School of Medicine Robin Fleming, University of Washington, Reginald Tucker-Seeley, University of Seattle Southern California Caprice Knapp, Pennsylvania State University

NAM Fellowship

A program is designed for health science scholars who are 1 to 10 years out from completion of a residency or receipt of a doctoral degree to participate in the process by which the National Academies provide health advice to the nation.

2017-2019 Norman F. Gant/American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fellow Ebony Carter, Washington University School of Medicine 2017-2019 James C. Puffer, M.D./American Board of Family Medicine Fellow Tammy Chang, University of Michigan School of Medicine 2017-2019 Gilbert S. Omenn Fellow Ellen Eaton, University of Alabama 2017-2019 American Board of Emergency Medicine Fellow Mahshid Abir, University of Michigan and RAND Corporation 2017-2019 Greenwall Fellow in Bioethics Neal Dickert, Emory University and Atlanta VA Medical Center 2016-2018 NAM Fellow in Pharmacy Jonathan Watanabe, University of California, San Diego 2016-2018 NAM Fellow in Osteopathic Medicine Jennie H. Kwon, Washington University School of Medicine

86 FDA Tobacco Regulatory Science Fellowship

A 12-month, multidisciplinary residential program designed for mid-career professionals to gain experience and expertise to further define and develop the field of regulatory science as it relates to the regulation of tobacco products and FDA’s authorities under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act..

2017-2018 Fellows Shovaughn Chism, Baltimore City Health Department Karina Jimenez-Donovan, Booz Allen Hamilton Mollie Miller, Brown University Tony Yang, George Mason University

2017-2018 FDA Tobacco Regulatory Science Fellows

Distinguished Nurse Scholar-in-Residence

Supported by the American Academy of Nursing, the American Nurses Association, and the American Nurses Foundation

A program designed to assist outstanding nurse leaders to play a more prominent role in health policy development at the national level.

2017-2018 Nurse Scholar-in-Residence

Tener Goodwin Veenema, Johns Hopkins University

87 Human Gene Editing Initiative

The NAM and NAS are co-leading an initiative to inform global decision making in this controversial area.

Director: Anne-Marie Mazza ([email protected])

Innovation to Incubation

The i2I program champions innovative ideas and cultivates pathways to action to increase the NAM’s impact.

Director: Ivory Clarke ([email protected])

Leadership Consortium for a Value & Science-Driven Health System

The Leadership Consortium provides a trusted venue for national leaders in health and health care to work cooperatively toward their common commitment to effective, innovative care that consistently adds value to patients and society. Consortium Members are leaders from core stakeholder communities brought together by their common commitment to steward the advances in science, value and culture necessary for a health system that continuously learns and improves in fostering healthier people.

Executive Director: Michael McGinnis ([email protected])

Innovation Collaboratives

Care Culture and Decision Making | Health and communications professionals working collaboratively on providing science-driven health care and communicating effectively about best practices. Director: Michelle Johnston-Fleece ([email protected])

Clinical Effectiveness Research | Innovative research scientists and institutions—public, private and academic—working to improve research methods, identify priorities, and stimulate innovation. Director: Danielle Whicher ([email protected])

Digital Learning | Care delivery and health information technology organizations using digital tools to accelerate the effectiveness and efficiency of care, and the real-time development of new knowledge. Director: Danielle Whicher ([email protected])

Value Incentives and Systems Innovation | Medical, health care, health financing, IT and engineering organizations working to design, develop, test, and evaluate innovative, systems- based approaches to rewarding value and improving care. Director: Henrietta Osei-Anto ([email protected]) 88 Networks

Patient & Family Leadership Network | The Patient & Family Leadership Network (PFLN) supports ongoing communication, collaboration, and synergy among patient and family thought leaders to advance their equal and full engagement across the healthcare continuum: as equal and effective partners in care decisions, at the community and organizational level through continuous improvement initiatives, and at the policy level. Director: Michelle Johnston-Fleece ([email protected]) Executive Leadership Network | The Executive Leadership Network for a Continuously Learning Health System (ELN) works to establish the capacity, infrastructure, and culture necessary to drive continuous learning and improvement within and across health care delivery systems by supporting ongoing communication, collaboration, and synergy among executive-level stakeholders with common investments in continuous learning. Director: Henrietta Osei-Anto ([email protected])

Vital Signs Initiative

An effort that builds on the 2015Vital Signs report to encourage adoption of a streamlined set of core measures of health and well-being in America.

Director: Y. Claire Wang ([email protected])

Consortium Members

Mark B. McClellan, Duke-Margolis Center for Peter Long, Blue Shield of California Health Policy, Duke University Foundation David Blumenthal, The Commonwealth Fund James L. Madara, American Medical Susan DeVore, Premier, Inc. Association Judith Faulkner, Epic Systems Mark E. Miller, MedPAC David T. Feinberg, Geisinger Health System Ameet Nathwani, Sanofi US Joseph J. Fifer, Healthcare Financial Mary D. Naylor, University of Pennsylvania Management Association William D. Novelli, Georgetown University Patricia A. Gabow, Denver Health (formerly) and CTAC Atul Gawande, Ariadne Labs, Sally Okun, PatientsLikeMe Brigham & Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Harold Paz, Aetna School of Public Health Jonathan B. Perlin, HCA, Inc. Julie L. Gerberding, Merck & Co., Inc. Richard Platt, Harvard Medical School Paul Grundy, IBM Richard J. Pollack, American Hospital Brent C. James, Intermountain Healthcare Association (formerly) Peter J. Pronovost, Johns Hopkins Medicine Gary Kaplan, Virginia Mason Health System (formerly) Gregory F. Keenan, AstraZeneca Murray N. Ross, Kaiser Permanente Darrell G. Kirch, AAMC John W. Rowe, Columbia University Richard E. Kuntz, Medtronic Craig E. Samitt, Anthem, Inc.

89 Lewis G. Sandy, UnitedHealth Group Ex-Officio Leonard D. Schaeffer, WellPoint, Inc. Gopal Khanna, Agency for Healthcare (formerly) Research and Quality Judge Robert Maclay Widney, USC Price Anne Schuchat (Chesley Richards), Centers for Joe Selby, Patient-Centered Outcomes Disease Control and Prevention Research Institute Seema Verma (Kate Goodrich), Centers for Mark D. Smith, California HealthCare Medicare & Medicaid Services Foundation Thomas McCaffery, Department of Defense Jennifer Taubert, Johnson & Johnson Brett Giroir, Department of Health & Human Marta Tellado, Consumers Union Services Reed V. Tuckson, Tuckson Health Carolyn M. Clancy, Department of Veterans Debra B. Whitman, AARP Affairs Scott Gottlieb, Food and Drug Administration George Sigounas, Health Resources & Services Administration Francis Collins (Michael Lauer), National Institutes of Health

Responding to the U.S. Opioid Epidemic

The NAM is currently fundraising to launch an Action Collaborative that will gather policy makers, health leaders, community organizations, patients, and others to move toward collective action to stem the tide of opioid abuse in the United States.

Director: Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected])

Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Symposium

For more than 25 years, the NAM has hosted an annual symposium to bring greater attention to critical health issues worldwide. Past topics include pain management, precision population health, and patient safety.

Director: Meg McCoy ([email protected])

Vital Directions for Health and Health Care

The NAM compiled expert guidance from a group of health and health care leaders to inform current and future administrations and other key decision makers, as well as the public.

Director: Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected])

90 Contact Information

President’s Office—Morgan Kanarek ([email protected]) Executive Office—Jessica Brown ([email protected]) Communications—Laura DeStefano ([email protected]) Council & Membership—Meg McCoy ([email protected]) Development—Michael Murpy ([email protected]) Finance & Administration—Adrienne Anzanello ([email protected]) Strategy, Evaluation, & Advancement—Anne-Marie Mazza ([email protected])

Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being & Resilience—Charlee Alexander ([email protected]) Annual Meeting Member Activities—Meg McCoy ([email protected]) Annual Meeting Public Scientific Program—Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected]) Awards—Meg McCoy ([email protected]) Culture of Health Program—Charlee Alexander ([email protected]) or Ivory Clarke ([email protected]) DC Public Health Case Challenge—Amy Geller ([email protected]) Documentary Screening Series—Jenna Ogilvie ([email protected]) Emerging Leaders Forum—Meg McCoy ([email protected]) Health Policy Fellowships and Leadership Programs—Gregg Margolis ([email protected]) Healthy Longevity Grand Challenge—Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected]) Innovation to Incubation—Ivory Clarke ([email protected]) Leadership Consortium for a Value & Science-Driven Health System—Michael McGinnis ([email protected]) Care Culture and Decision Making—Michelle Johnston-Fleece ([email protected]) Clinical Effectiveness Research—Danielle Whicher ([email protected]) Digital Learning—Danielle Whicher ([email protected]) Patient and Family Leadership Network—Michelle Johnston-Fleece ([email protected]) Executive Leadership Network—Michelle Johnston-Fleece ([email protected]) Value Incentives and Systems Approaches—Henrietta Osei-Anto ([email protected]) Vital Signs Initiative—Y. Claire Wang ([email protected]) NAM Perspectives—Jenna Ogilvie ([email protected]) Responding to the U.S. Opioid Epidemic—Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected]) Richard & Hinda Rosenthal Symposium—Meg McCoy ([email protected]) Vital Directions for Health & Health Care—Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected])

91 The image on the cover is from an original artwork titled “Neighborhood Community” by Egbert “Clem” Evans of Art Enables in Washington, DC. The piece was submitted for Visualize Health Equity, the National Academy of Medicine’s first-ever community art show (more information on page 25). (c) Egbert Evans

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