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The NAMTA Journal
The NAMTA Journal Back To The Future Volume 45. Number 1 May 2021 Molly OʼShaughnessy Jacqui Miller Kimberlee Belcher-Badal Ph.D. Robyn MilosGregory MacDonald Jennifer ShieldsJacquie Maughan Lena WikramaratneAudrey Sillick Gerard Leonard Kathleen Allen Jim RobbinsDeborah Bricker Dr. Maria Montessori Mario M. Montessori A.M. Joosten Mary Black Verschuur Ph.D. John McNamara David Kahn TABLE OF CONTENTS BACK TO THE FUTURE:WHY MONTESSORI STILL MATTERS …………..………….…….7 Molly O’Shaughnessy THE RETURN TO SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGY: EMBRACING OUR ROOTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES……………………………………………………………………….33 Jacqui Miller and Kimberlee Belcher-Badal Ph.D. IN REMEMBRANCE………………………………..……………..……………………...53 Deborah Bricker TRIBUTE TO ANNETTE HAINES…………………..……………..……………………....56 Robyn Milos TRIBUTE TO KAY BAKER………………………..……………..…………………….... 59 Gregory MacDonald TRIBUTE TO JOEN BETTMANN………………..………………..………………………..62 Jennifer Shields GUIDED BY NATURE…………….…………..………….……..………………………..66 Jacquie Maughan THE CHILD IN THE WORLD OF NATURE…….………..…………………………..69 Lena Wikramaratne SOWING THE SEEDS OF SCIENCE:OUR GIFT TO THE FUTURE…………………...78 Audrey Sillick EXPERIENCES IN NATURE:RESOLUTE SECOND-PLANE DIRECTIONS……….……...88 TOWARD ERDKINDER Gerard Leonard and Kathleen Allen 2 The NAMTA Journal • Vol. 44, No. 1 • Winter 2020 ECOPSYCHOLOGY:HOW IMMERSION IN NATURE AFFECTS YOUR HEALTH……….107 TOWARD ERDKINDER Jim Robbins SILENCE AND LISTENING ……………………..………………...……..………….…….115 Gerard Leonard ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE AND THE NATURE OF THE SILENCE GAME…………………………………..………………...………………….. 117 -
NSA's Efforts to Secure Private-Sector Telecommunications Infrastructure
Under the Radar: NSA’s Efforts to Secure Private-Sector Telecommunications Infrastructure Susan Landau* INTRODUCTION When Google discovered that intruders were accessing certain Gmail ac- counts and stealing intellectual property,1 the company turned to the National Security Agency (NSA) for help in securing its systems. For a company that had faced accusations of violating user privacy, to ask for help from the agency that had been wiretapping Americans without warrants appeared decidedly odd, and Google came under a great deal of criticism. Google had approached a number of federal agencies for help on its problem; press reports focused on the company’s approach to the NSA. Google’s was the sensible approach. Not only was NSA the sole government agency with the necessary expertise to aid the company after its systems had been exploited, it was also the right agency to be doing so. That seems especially ironic in light of the recent revelations by Edward Snowden over the extent of NSA surveillance, including, apparently, Google inter-data-center communications.2 The NSA has always had two functions: the well-known one of signals intelligence, known in the trade as SIGINT, and the lesser known one of communications security or COMSEC. The former became the subject of novels, histories of the agency, and legend. The latter has garnered much less attention. One example of the myriad one could pick is David Kahn’s seminal book on cryptography, The Codebreakers: The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet.3 It devotes fifty pages to NSA and SIGINT and only ten pages to NSA and COMSEC. -
2003 Iraq War: Intelligence Or Political Failure?
2003 IRAQ WAR: INTELLIGENCE OR POLITICAL FAILURE? A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Dione Brunson, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. April, 2011 DISCLAIMER THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS ACADEMIC RESEARCH PAPER ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHOR AND DO NOT REFLECT THE OFFICIAL POLICIES OR POSITIONS OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. ALL INFORMATION AND SOURCES FOR THIS PAPER WERE DRAWN FROM OPEN SOURCE MATERIALS. ii 2003 IRAQ WAR: INTELLIGENCE OR POLITICAL FAILURE? Dione Brunson, B.A. MALS Mentor: Ralph Nurnberger, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The bold U.S. decision to invade Iraq in 2003 was anchored in intelligence justifications that would later challenge U.S. credibility. Policymakers exhibited unusual bureaucratic and public dependencies on intelligence analysis, so much so that efforts were made to create supporting information. To better understand the amplification of intelligence, the use of data to justify invading Iraq will be explored alongside events leading up to the U.S.-led invasion in 2003. This paper will examine the use of intelligence to invade Iraq as well as broader implications for politicization. It will not examine the justness or ethics of going to war with Iraq but, conclude with the implications of abusing intelligence. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you God for continued wisdom. Thank you Dr. Nurnberger for your patience. iv DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Mom and Dad for their continued support. -
DOCID: 3700821 Communications Security and the Problem of Hamlet
.DOCID: 3700821 UNCLASSIFIED Communications Security and the Problem of Hamlet: To Be or Not to Be DANIELJ. KNAUF Editor's Note: Mr. Knauf presented this paper at the conuention of the Armed Forces Communications Electronics Association (AFCEA) in Anaheim, California, on 29 January 1986. We believe that Mr.Knauf 's comments on communications security from the perspective ofa Shakespearean tragedy will be of interest to many ofour readers. 1. INTRODUCTION At risk of offending the many serious students oi Shakespeare, all English majors, and assorted other literati, I should like to examine the communications security of the United States against a slightly unusual backdrop: the tragic story of Hamlet, Prince ofDenmark. William Shakespeare, aft.er all, begins this psychologico.l drama with two words of special interest to those of us in the telecommunications business: "Who's there?" asked by a soldier named Bernardo. The guard to whom he addresses this question, Francisco, has obviously been briefed on proper challenge-and-reply authentication procedures (i.e., that the called party must always initiate the challenge), and stoutly replies: Nay, answer" me: stand, and unfold yourself. Fortunately for Bernardo, they are using an easy-to-remember if not-very- secure password ("Long Live the King"), and so we are allowed to enter into one of the greatest plays ever written - one which adds to its greatness by clearly showing the consequences of poor communications security (Comsec). We may admire, for example, Hamlet's use of Comsec as a "force multiplier" in his neat disposal of that treacherous duo, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, as he tells his friend, Horatio, in Act V: Scene 2. -
Corp Bro Inside Layout
Message from the Director, NSA The National Security Agency’s rich legacy of cryptologic success serves not only as a reminder of our past triumphs, but also as an inspiration for our future. Harry Truman, the man responsible for signing the legislation that brought our Agency into existence, was once quoted as saying, “There is nothing new in the world except the history you do not know.” Like all truisms, it is only partially accurate. Each generation of Americans must at some point deal with unforeseen problems and issues that transcend the status quo. Most would agree that the challenges faced by NSA in today’s war against terrorism are far different from those of World War II, Vietnam, or Desert Storm. Even so, President Truman was correct in his assertion that there is much to be learned from the past. The history of the National Security Agency has in many respects been based on and characterized by feats of intellectual brilliance. Pioneers like William Friedman, Frank Rowlett, Dr. Louis Tordella, and Agnes Meyer Driscoll, to name but a few, were able to build on past successes and do whatever was necessary to meet the challenges of their time. We should not forget, however, that NSA’s success is due not just to the efforts of the well- known legends of the cryptologic past, but also to the dedicated work of thousands of men and women whose names will never be noted in any history book. History tells us that both genius and hard work are required to ensure success. -
The First Americans the 1941 US Codebreaking Mission to Bletchley Park
United States Cryptologic History The First Americans The 1941 US Codebreaking Mission to Bletchley Park Special series | Volume 12 | 2016 Center for Cryptologic History David J. Sherman is Associate Director for Policy and Records at the National Security Agency. A graduate of Duke University, he holds a doctorate in Slavic Studies from Cornell University, where he taught for three years. He also is a graduate of the CAPSTONE General/Flag Officer Course at the National Defense University, the Intelligence Community Senior Leadership Program, and the Alexander S. Pushkin Institute of the Russian Language in Moscow. He has served as Associate Dean for Academic Programs at the National War College and while there taught courses on strategy, inter- national relations, and intelligence. Among his other government assignments include ones as NSA’s representative to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, as Director for Intelligence Programs at the National Security Council, and on the staff of the National Economic Council. This publication presents a historical perspective for informational and educational purposes, is the result of independent research, and does not necessarily reflect a position of NSA/CSS or any other US government entity. This publication is distributed free by the National Security Agency. If you would like additional copies, please email [email protected] or write to: Center for Cryptologic History National Security Agency 9800 Savage Road, Suite 6886 Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755 Cover: (Top) Navy Department building, with Washington Monument in center distance, 1918 or 1919; (bottom) Bletchley Park mansion, headquarters of UK codebreaking, 1939 UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY The First Americans The 1941 US Codebreaking Mission to Bletchley Park David Sherman National Security Agency Center for Cryptologic History 2016 Second Printing Contents Foreword ................................................................................ -
NSA Newsletter, April 1999
.The commencement exercises for the Honoring Those Who Serve-Armed Forces Week Community College of the Air Force-a special guest speaker has been invited to address the graduat "The 21st century, notthe 20th cen Service Color Guard will hoist the ing class. tury, will prove to be the brightest era Colors. A joint military formation fea for NSA/CSS and our people. As we turing each of the Services will be rep In remembrance of the Agency's fall stand on the frontier ofmany oppor resented at the ceremony. The Director en heroes, the Army and Air Force tunities, we must all remember: it is will hold a joint wreath-laying ceremo the Marine, not the reporter, who ny at the National Vigilance Park. gives us freedom of speech; it is the Thanks to the assistance offered by Sailor, not the poet, who gives us free the National Cryptologic Museum, and dom of expression; it is the Airman, other groups, displays will be set up not the campus demonstrator, who throughout the NSA/CSS campus to gives us the freedom to commemorate draw attention to the contributions of events, such as Armed Forces Week; military coworkers to the defense of and it is the Soldier, who at the dark the Nation. est hour, stands by the flag and says The Armed Services feature a num 'this we'll defend,' who gives us the ber of professional-caliber musical promise ofthe future." groups, and NSA has invited several to -Lt Gen Minihan participate in this year's celebration. Armed Forces Week (A1-''"'W) is not 5KRun simply a time to recognize the service The annual CWF/AFW 5K Run provided by the men and women of will take place Thursday, May 13. -
Legal Studies Research Paper Series
Unlimited War and Social Change: Unpacking the Cold War’s Impact Mary L. Dudziak USC Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-15 LEGAL STUDIES RESEARCH PAPER SERIES University of Southern California Law School Los Angeles, CA 90089-0071 Unlimited War and Social Change: Unpacking the Cold War’s Impact Mary L. Dudziak Judge Edward J. and Ruey L. Guirado Professor of Law, History and Political Science USC Gould Law School September 2010 This paper is a draft chapter of WAR · TIME: A CRITICAL HISTORY (under contract with Oxford University Press). For more on this project, see Law, War, and the History of Time (forthcoming California Law Review): http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1374454. NOTE: This is very much a working draft, not a finished piece of work. I would be grateful for any comments and criticism. I can be reached at: [email protected]. copyright Mary L. Dudziak © 2010 Unlimited War and Social Change: Unpacking the Cold War’s Impact Abstract This paper is a draft chapter of a short book critically examining the way assumptions about the temporality of war inform American legal and political thought. In earlier work, I show that a set of ideas about time are a feature of the way we think about war. Historical progression is thought to consist in movement from one kind of time to another (from wartime to peacetime, to wartime, etc.). Wartime is thought of as an exception to normal life, inevitably followed by peacetime. Scholars who study the impact of war on American law and politics tend to work within this framework, viewing war as exceptional. -
Military Intelligence (MI) Is Always Engaged and Always Looking Forward with an Eye to Future Threats
July - September 2008 PB 34-O8-3 MI MISSIONS OF THE NEAR FUTURE MIPB_Jul-Sep_08_Master.indd 1 11/25/2008 10:50:34 AM FROM THE EDITOR Military Intelligence (MI) is always engaged and always looking forward with an eye to future threats. This issue takes a look at how MI is adapting to the current operational environment and developing tactics, techniques, and procedures to counter the threat today and in the near future. Two articles speak to the use of persistent surveillance to support the current fight, capabilities and lim- itations, and employment in the future modular force. An article from the 82nd Airborne Division talks about an initiative from the 1/82 BCT, the Special Weapons Exploitation Team, an internally resourced BCT capability to analyze enemy effects and counter threat weapons/tactics in today’s and tomorrow’s complex combat environments. The MI Noncommissioned Officers’ Academy has recently upgraded its automation to enhance training by adding a Thin Client to each student’s workstation. This and near future plans to take advantage of OSINT data in training are explained in the CSM Forum. Also included are articles on the Red Teaming concept, adapting Counterintelligence to counter low in- tensity collection of technology, and an introduction to the Defense Support to Civil Authorities Disaster Intelligence concept. Personal experiences from Iraq are related in two articles, one dealing with working with Coalition intel- ligence forces; and the other with border operations with the Iraqi Security Forces. A historical perspective takes a look at the causes of the resurgency of the Taliban in Afghanistan Finally, a reprint of an article from the Defense Intelligence Agency’s Communique describes that agen- cy’s efforts to provide its employees with the kind of work environment needed to successfully support the Warfighter. -
AA-34-5 Fort George G. Meade, National Security Agency, EAGLE Health and Physical Fitness Center, Building 9810
AA-34-5 Fort George G. Meade, National Security Agency, EAGLE Health and Physical Fitness Center, Building 9810 Architectural Survey File This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps. Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment. All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust. Last Updated: 05-15-2018 MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST NR Eligible: yes DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY FORM no X Property Name: Building 9810 (EAGLE Health & Fitness Center) Inventory Number: AA-34-5 Address: 9810 Emory Road Historic district: yes X no City: Fort Meade Zip Code: 20755 County: Anne Arundel Property Owner: U.S. Government Tax Account ID Number: 90042590 Tax Map Parcel Number(s): 0372 Tax Map Number: 0029 ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ Project: East Campus Integration Program EIS, Fort Meade, MD Agency: National Security Agency (NSA) Agency Prepared By: HOR, Inc. -
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT OF 1978 HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE AND THE RIGHTS OF AMERICANS OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON S. 1566 FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT O1 1978 JTLY 19, 21, 1977 AND FEBRUARY 8, 24, 27, 1978 Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligence U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 94-628 WASHINGTON: 1978 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 052-070-04477-2 SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE (Established by S. Res. 400, 94th Cong., 2d sess.) DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, Chairman BARRY GOLDWATER, Arizona, Vice Chairman BIRCH BAYE, Indiana CLIFFORD P. CASE, New Jersey ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Illinois JA GMEN, Utah WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, Maine CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, Sn., Maryland WALTER D. HUDDLESTON, Kentucky JAMES B. PEARSON, Kansas JOSEPH R. BIDEN, J., Delaware JOHN H. CHAFES, Rhode Island ROBERT MORGAN, North Carolina RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana GARY HART, Colorado MALCOLM WALLOP, Wyoming DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, Ew Officio Member HOWARD H. BAKER, JR., Tennessee, Ex Officio Member WILLIAM 0. MILLER, Staff Director EARL D.EIsHNHOWER, Minority Staff Director AUDREY H. HATCR, Chief Clerk SUBCOsMITTE ON INTELLIGENCE AND THE ]RIGHTS OF AMERICANS BIRCH BAYH, Indiana, Chiran SAKE GARN, Utah, Vice Chairman ROBERT MORGAN, North Carolina CLIFFORD P. CASE, New Jersey DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island CONTENTS HEARING DAYS Page Tuesday, July 19, 1977 1----. Thursday, July 21, 1977---------------------------------------------- 45 Wednesday, February 8, 1978 ----------------------------------------- 87 Friday, February 24, 1978 ------------------------------------------- 185 Monday, February 27, 1978 ------------------------------------------- 11 LIST OF WITNESSES TUESDAY, JULY 19, 1977 Testimony of Griffin B. -
Mein Nachbar
Das deutsche Nachrichten-Magazin Leitartikel Partner und Gegner zugleich Warum der SPIEGEL weitere geheime Dokumente über die NSA-Affäre enthüllt as Verhältnis Deutschlands zu den USA in Zeiten der Die Bundesregierung hat die Selbstherrlichkeit der Welt- NSA-Affäre gleicht dem Ritt auf einer Schiffschaukel: macht lange hingenommen. Sie hat manches geahnt, vieles DAus luftigen Höhen geht es atemberaubend in die verdrängt und einiges über die Allgegenwart der NSA gewusst, Tiefe. Im Sommer vergangenen Jahres, als die ersten Snowden- weil der Bundesnachrichtendienst bei den Operationen mit- Enthüllungen bekannt wurden, erklärte die Regierung Merkel mischt. Dass der BND mit der NSA intensiv kooperiert, nicht die Affäre schon für beendet, bevor sie ihre Wucht entfaltete. nur bei der Terrorbekämpfung, sondern auch bei der unter- Im Herbst aber, als bekannt wurde, das private Handy der schiedslosen Massenüberwachung globaler Kommunikations- Bundeskanzlerin sei überwacht worden, erreichte das Ver- ströme, belegen die neuen Snowden-Dokumente. Die Deut- hältnis einen Tiefpunkt. Nun war von Konsequenzen die Rede, schen sind Partner und Gegner zugleich. von einem anderen Umgang unter Verbündeten. Die Bundeskanzlerin hat einen Amtseid auf das Grund- Dann reiste die Kanzlerin nach Washington, und wieder gesetz geschworen. Spionage gegen Deutschland ist nach kehrte Friede ein. Seither würden Transatlantiker wie Sicher- dem Strafgesetz verboten. Die Grundrechte der Bürger sind heitsbehörden am liebsten zum normalen Geschäft übergehen, also keine flexible Größe, abhängig davon, wie es um das Ver- bei dem die Aufgaben verteilt hältnis Deutschlands zu den sind: Die NSA ist der omnipo- USA gerade bestellt sein mag. tente Weltgeheimdienst, die Entweder haben die ameri- Deutschen sind der verständ- kanische und die deutsche nisvolle, hilfreiche Bündnis- Regierung miteinander ab - partner.