Geotourism Potential of the Drawskie Lake District As a Support for the Planned Geopark Named Postglacial Land of the Drawa and Dębnica Rivers
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maria GórsKa-zabielsKa, Katarzyna KamieńsKa QUAESTIONES GEOGRAPHICAE 36(1) • 2017 GEOTOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE DRAWSKIE LAKE DISTRICT AS A SUPPORT FOR THE PLANNED GEOPARK NAMED POSTGLACIAL LAND OF THE DRAWA AND DĘBNICA RIVERS MARIA GÓRSKA-ZABIELSKA1, Katarzyna KamieńsKa2 1Institute of Geography, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland 2Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland Manuscript received: August 3, 2015 Revised version: November 7, 2016 GórsKa-zabielsKa m., KamieńsKa K., 2017. Geotourism potential of the “Połczyn Switzerland” area as a support for the planned geopark named “Postglacial land of the Drawa and Dębnica rivers”. Quaestiones Geographicae 36(1), Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań, pp. 15–31, 5 figs, 4 tables. ABSTRACT. The geotourism potential of ten geosites, occurring within the Drawskie Lake District, north-western Poland, was evaluated to demonstrate the need for the establishment of a geopark named “Postglacial land of the Drawa and Dębnica rivers”. Each site was investigated in respect of its scientific (geological and geomorphological), educational, economic, conservation, and added values. It has been found that two geosites, being also cultural heritage sites (Dra- him Castle and Pottery Settlement in Sikory), have the greatest geotourism potential. Different aspects of inanimate nature are promoted in both geosites. Thanks to the existence of such objects there is a good chance for the successful development of geotourism, which is a tool for the sustainable socio-economic development of the region. KEY WORDS: geodiversity, geotourism, geoconservation, geopark, Drawskie Lake District, north-western Poland Corresponding author: Maria Górska-Zabielska, [email protected] Introduction natural heritage objects of national importance, i.e. geoparks. For this purpose, the special objects Relief of the Middle Pomerania region, in of inanimate nature, called geosites, have to be north-western Poland, is characterized by high subjected to inventory and evaluation proce- geodiversity. Most objects of inanimate nature dures. Based on the results of these procedures, have been formed by the Scandinavian ice sheet it will be established the network of geosites con- during its last stay in the discussed region, and nected by educational paths and geotourist trails. by meltwater flowing from the ice-sheet front. Due to its educational, scientific, and tourist Landforms representing other environments, e.g. functions, such a network can become a tourist spring, fluvial, and lacustrine, are also found in attraction and will favour the sustainable social the area. Many of them are protected in the form and economic development of districts. of national park, landscaped park, documenta- Inventory-evaluation procedure applied to in- ry site, reserve or natural monument. However, animate nature objects is described in foreign lit- some objects are waiting to be subjected to the erature. A detailed review of quantitative meth- conservator’s supervision and put on the list of ods evaluating different values of abiotic objects © 2017 Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license doi: 10.1515/ quageo-2017-0002 ISSN 0137-477X 16 MarIa GórSka-ZabIElSka, katarZyNa kaMIEńSka in order to assess their usefulness for the develop- the opportunities offered by the geoinformation ment of geotourism has been recently published environment. an attempt to develop a unified by Kubalíkova (2013). She described the methods classification of geosites has been made in the used in Italy (Panizza 2001, Coratza and Giusti Polish Geological Institute – National research 2005), Spain (Serrano and Gonzalez-trueba 2005, Institute in 2009 by the implementation of the Bruschi and Cendrero 2005), Portugal (Pereira Polish Central Register of Geosites (PIG-PIB et al. 2007, Pereira and Pereira 2010), Greece 2016), which is constantly updated. Nowadays (Zouros 2005, 2007), and Switzerland (Pralong (January 2016) this register contains data of more 2005, Reynard et al. 2007). Based on the analysis than 3700 geosites, which have been evaluated in of the criteria and categories used in the men- terms of their scientific, educational and geotour- tioned quantitative methods, Kubalikova (2013) ist values (Warowna et al. 2013). proposed her own method of geosite evaluation The advantages of the above-mentioned pa- for geotourism purposes. This method is used in pers are not only the attempts to develop an objec- our study to evaluate ten geosites in the planned tive method of evaluation of geological resources geopark named “Postglacial land of the Drawa but also the descriptions of attractive inanimate and Dębnica rivers”. objects and the promotion of geotourism. The issues of geosite evaluation for geotour- In this paper we describe ten geosites occur- ism purposes are also present in Polish litera- ring along one of five geotourist paths planned in ture, e.g. in the papers published by Borówka et the area of future geopark. The described below al. (2008), radwanek-bąk and laskowicz (2012), values of these geosites can be used in environ- kamieńska and Giemza (2014), and Górska- mental education, in teaching at various levels of Zabielska et al. (2015). Many publications are in- education, and for scientific purposes.t he values ventory studies, in which the main emphasis is of geosites give also hope for the development of placed on the presentation of the attractiveness one of the qualified tourism types, namely geot- of geomorphological and geological heritage of ourism. It is based on the exploration of geologi- a region under study (among others Zgłobicki cal objects, which can become a tourist attraction et al. 2007, Zgłobicki and baran-Zgłobicka after their adaptation and making access to them. 2013, Górska-Zabielska and Zabielski 2016a, The advantage of geotourism is that it requires b). Various authors have tried to evaluate the little financial outlays and can be organized al- inventoried natural resources, e.g. Kot (2006), most everywhere. However, the basic condition Nita (2007), Borówka et al. (2008) Cedro et al. is to prepare a professional information board (2008), Duda et al. (2008), Dmytrowski and explaining the origin and presenting the current kicińska (2011), Zbucki (2012), radwanek-bąk state of a geosite. and laskowicz (2012). Some attempts have been also made to develop an objective method of ge- osite evaluation – Sołowiej (1992) published the Purpose, scope and methods of research analysis of scores grading method, while Kot and leśniak (2006) studied the possibilities of devel- The purpose of this study is to indicate that oping the indicators or mathematical functions ten selected geosites, located along one of five ge- defining the level of connections and variability otourist paths, have geotourism potential so the of geodiversity in neighbouring areas. There are establishment of a geopark named “Postglacial also examples of methods for deriving a map of land of the Drawa and Dębnica rivers” is needful. landform geodiversity in GIS environment and Evaluation of geotourism potential was its application for indication of attractive tour- preceded by a procedure involving: istic scenes in mountains areas (Zwoliński 2009, 1. Making an inventory of inanimate nature ob- 2010, Zwoliński and Stachowiak 2012, Najwer jects in the study area. It was carried out dur- and Zwoliński 2014a, b, 2015). Najwer and other ing field work in 2010–2013, and the attention (2016) demonstrate a new methodology for the was mainly given to geological/geomorpho- assessment of the selected natural environment logical process/processes, which formed the components in Polish lowland. Their analyses studied natural resources. In the case of an ob- lead to visualize the landform geodiversity using ject associated with human activity, the main GEOTOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE DRAWSKIE LAKE DISTRICT AS A SUPPORT FOR THE PLANNED GEOPARK 17 Table 1. Categories, criteria, and scoring used in this study for the evaluation of geotourism potential of the “Połczyn Switzerland” area. Scores Category Criterion 0 0.5 1 Scientific integrity (object completely de- destroyed but with still not destroyed value forming insepara- stroyed visible abiotic features ble entirety) frequency (number more than 5 2–5 objects one object in the study area of similar sites) objects geodiversity (num- only 1 visible 2–4 visible features/pro- more than 5 visible features/ ber of different fea- feature/process cesses processes tures or processes visible in geosite) scientific knowl- lack = not investi- scientific paper in national extensive knowledge of the edge gated site journal site, published monography Educational Representativeness weak represent- medium representative- high representativeness of value and visibility/ ativeness/clar- ness, mainly for specialists form and process, also for clarity of features/ ity of form and amateurs processes process quality of educa- weak example, good example but of limit- very good example with high tional example, weak educational ed educational usefulness educational and geotourist educational useful- usefulness of usefulness ness form and process existing educational lack leaflets, maps, web pages information boards, informa- products tion next to the site existing forms of lack of education- site is a part of specialist guided tour for the general use for educational al use tour (eg. for students, geo- public purposes (specialist tourists) tour, guided