UC Berkeley Proposals from the Script Encoding Initiative
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Cosmic Ray Composition and Spectra : Progress Since Aspen 05
Cosmic Ray Composition and Spectra : Progress since Aspen 05 Gaurang B. Yodh UC Irvine In this talk I outline my take on the question of composition from about 1 TeV to the highest energies. Important point I emphasize is to separate what has been measured and what has been interpreted and how the two are intertwined. First I review direct measurments near the top of the atmosphere: What is definite and what is not resolved: Then I discuss the measurements in the energy range between about 10 TeV and 10 PeV : EAS and ACT measurements What is the status of current measurements on the composition ? What are some of the problems to be resolved. Finally I what are the problems in understanding the experimental results and model interpretations. I start by showing a compilation of results by Horandel (2006) to indicate that the present state is complex to say the least. Then I show recent results from the CREAM experiment and compare them to existing results from JACEE, RUNJOB and other balloon experiments. After that I summarize the situation at higher energies where all our experiments are indirect. The talk is meant to stimulate discussions and generate ideas as to how to improve the current unresolved state of affairs. Bird's eye view of Spectra of Cosmic Rays Composition of Cosmic Rays Detailed view of spectra: Large scatter in ' measured ' quantities due to: Systematics in energy determination and in shower simulations. Horandel: astro-ph/0702370v1 I. Measurements above the atmosphere: CREAM CREAM: COSMIC RAY ENERGETICS AND MASS CREAM III: Instrument assembly at Maryland Two LDB flights to date: Average depth 3.9 gm/cm^2 CREAM I: 2004-05 42 days CREAM II: 2005-06 28 days Acceptance: 2.2 m^2 sr Excellent charge resolution. -
A Critique of L2/18-276
A Critique of L2/18-276 Abe Meyers* November 30, 2018 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Multiple incompatible representations 2 2.1 <gimel-daleth-yodh> + <shin> vs <aleph-heth> + <aleph-heth> 3 2.2 <Fixed-aleph> + <gimel-daleth-yodh> vs <fixed-gimel-daleth-yodth> + <aleph> ............................. 3 2.3 <gimel-daleth-yodth> + <gimel-daleth> vs <samekh> . 3 2.4 <pe> vs <sadhe> ......................... 4 3 Miscellaneous issues 4 3.1 Joining of <aleph-heth> ..................... 5 3.2 Missing alternate form of <gimel-daleth-yodh> . 5 3.3 Inclusion of <HE> ......................... 5 3.4 Joining of <zayin> ........................ 5 3.5 Old lamedth . 5 4 The dogma of shape-shifting and the problem of good-enough 5 5 Bibliography 6 1 Introduction It has been a source of delight that after a dormant period of four years, since the submission of my proposal to encode Book Pahlavi in the Unicode *abraham.meyers AT orientology DOT ca 1 standard, there has been some renewed activity in the community. The recent preliminary proposal by Dr. Anshuman Pandey (L2/18-276) might therefore signal a resurgence of activities towards the noble goal of encoding of Book Pahlavi in the Unicode standard. I started reading the work of Dr. Pandey with enthusiasm and in antic- ipation of further improvement and suggestions and perhaps discovery of new characters. It was indeed pleasant to see a relatively thorough classica- tion of the visual joining of the stem of the characters of Book Pahlavi, while taking the base-line into consideration. Such studies will be very benecial for the future type designers of Book Pahlavialthough I have doubts about the applicability of this study to the level of abstraction pertaining to the Unicode standard. -
L2/20-246 Teeth and Bellies: a Proposed Model for Encoding Book Pahlavi
L2/20-246 Teeth and bellies: a proposed model for encoding Book Pahlavi Roozbeh Pournader (WhatsApp) September 7, 2020 Background In Everson 2002, a proposal was made to encode a unified Avestan and Pahlavi script in the Unicode Standard. The proposal went through several iterations, eventually leading to a separate encoding of Avestan as proposed by Everson and Pournader 2007a, in which Pahlavi was considered non-unifiable with Avestan due to its cursive joining property. The non-cursive Inscriptional Pahlavi (Everson and Pournader 2007b) and the cursive Psalter Pahlavi (Everson and Pournader 2011) were later encoded too. But Book Pahlavi, despite several attempts (see the Book Pahlavi Topical Document list at https://unicode.org/L2/ topical/bookpahlavi/), remains unencoded. Everson 2002 is peculiar among earlier proposals by proposing six Pahlavi archigraphemes, including an ear, an elbow, and a belly. I remember from conversations with Michael Everson that he intended these to be used for cases when a scribe was just copying some text without understanding the underlying letters, considering the complexity of the script and the loss of some of its nuances to later scribes. They could also be used when modern scholars wanted to represent a manuscript as written, without needing to over-analyze potentially controversial readings. Meyers 2014 takes such a graphical model to an extreme, trying to encode pieces of the writing system, most of which have some correspondence to letters, but with occasional partial letters (e.g. PARTIAL SHIN and FINAL SADHE-PARTIAL PE). Unfortunately, their proposal rejects joining properties for Book Pahlavi and insists that “[t]he joining behaviour of the final stems of the characters in Book Pahlavi is more similar to cursive variants of Latin than to Arabic”. -
Vocative Lamedh in the Psalter by Mitchell
VOCATIVE LAMEDH IN THE PSALTER BY MITCHELL DAHOOD Rome The various morphemes orthographically represented by the simple letter I in Ugaritic conspire to multiply the problems of the textual critic and the exegete of the Old Testament. Before the Ras Shamra texts emerged from the earth, the Bible translator could fairly assume that every le was a preposition denoting "to" or "for" and go on his way rejoicing. But a perusal of numbers 1337-1340 in the Glossary of C. H. GORDON'S Ugaritic Textbook (Analecta Orienta- lia 38: Roma 1965) reveals that consonantal I might stand for the preposition "to, for, from", or for the negative "no" or "not", with both verbs or substantives. It might also represent the emphatic lamedh, "verily, surely", or the vocative particle "O!". J. AISTLEITNER, Wörterbuch der ugariti.rchen Sprache (Berlin 1963), p. 163, no. 1424, would also distinguish an optative particle, "es m6ge", though he admits that it might not be distinct from the emphatic or corroborative lamedb. Given the close linguistic affinities between biblical Hebrew and Ugaritic, in my opinion a Canaanite dialect of the second millenn- ium B.C., it follows that the Hebraist is now faced with basically the same problems confronting the Ugaritic specialist; when inter- preting the morpheme graphically represented by lamedh, both must weigh four or five possibilities. Of particularly frequent occurrence in the Ugaritic tablets is the vocative lamedh. In the myths it occurs frequently with divine names : lb'l, "0 Baal!", lil, "0 El !", lktr, "0 Kothar!", or with divine appellatives: lrbtajrt, "0 Lady Asherah! ", "0 Virgin Anath!", lrkb "rPt, "0 Mounter of the Clouds!". -
Common Spoken Tamil Made Easy
COMMON SPOKEN TAMIL MADE EASY Third Edition by T. V. ADIKESAVALU Digital Version CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE VELLORE Adi’s Book. COMMON SPOKEN TAMIL MADE EASY Third Edition by T. V. ADIKESAVALU Digital Version 2007 This book was prepared for the staff and students of Christian Medical College Vellore, for use in the Tamil Study Programme. No part may be reproduced without permission of the General Superintendent. 2 Adi’s Book. CONTENTS FOREWORD. 6 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 7 THIRD EDITION: UPDATE. 8 I. NOTES FOR PRONUNCIATION & KEY FOR ABBREVIATIONS. 9 II. GRAMMAR LESSONS: Lesson No. Page. 1. Greetings and Forms of Address. 10 2. Pronouns, Interrogative and Demonstrative. 12 3. Pronouns, Personal. 15 4. The Verb ‘to be’, implied. 17 5. Cardinal Numbers 1 to 10, and Verbs - introduction. 19 6. Verbs - Positive Imperatives. 21 7. Verbs - Negative Imperatives, Weak & Strong Verbs, & Medials. 23 8. Nouns - forming the plural. 28 9. Nouns and Personal Pronouns - Accusative (Object) case. 30 10. Nouns and Personal Pronouns - Genitive (Possessive) Case. 34 11. Review, (Revision) No.I. 38 12. Verbs - Infinitives. 40 13. Nouns and Personal Pronouns, Dative Case, ‘to’ or ‘for’ & Verbs - Defective. 43 14. Verbs - defective (continued). 47 15. Cardinal Numbers 11 to 1000 & Time. 50 16. Verbs - Present tense, Positive. 54 17. Adjectives and Adverbs. 58 18. Post-Positions. 61 19. Nouns - Locative Case, 'at' or 'in'. 64 20. Post positions, (Continued). 67 21. Verbs - Future Tense, Positive, and Ordinal Numbers. 70 3 Adi’s Book. 22. Verbs - Present and Past, Negative, Page. and Potential Form to express 'may' 75 23. -
The Christological Aspects of Hebrew Ideograms Kristološki Vidiki Hebrejskih Ideogramov
1027 Pregledni znanstveni članek/Article (1.02) Bogoslovni vestnik/Theological Quarterly 79 (2019) 4, 1027—1038 Besedilo prejeto/Received:09/2019; sprejeto/Accepted:10/2019 UDK/UDC: 811.411.16'02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2019/04/Petrovic Predrag Petrović The Christological Aspects of Hebrew Ideograms Kristološki vidiki hebrejskih ideogramov Abstract: The linguistic form of the Hebrew Old Testament retained its ancient ideo- gram values included in the mystical directions and meanings originating from the divine way of addressing people. As such, the Old Hebrew alphabet has remained a true lexical treasure of the God-established mysteries of the ecclesiological way of existence. The ideographic meanings of the Old Hebrew language represent the form of a mystagogy through which God spoke to the Old Testament fathers about the mysteries of the divine creation, maintenance, and future re-creation of the world. Thus, the importance of the ideogram is reflected not only in the recognition of the Christological elements embedded in the very structure of the Old Testament narrative, but also in the ever-present working structure of the existence of the world initiated by the divine economy of salvation. In this way both the Old Testament and the New Testament Israelites testify to the historici- zing character of the divine will by which the world was created and by which God in an ecclesiological way is changing and re-creating the world. Keywords: Old Testament, old Hebrew language, ideograms, mystagogy, Word of God, God (the Father), Holy Spirit, Christology, ecclesiology, Gospel, Revelation Povzetek: Jezikovna oblika hebrejske Stare Zaveze je obdržala svoje starodavne ideogramske vrednote, vključene v mistagoške smeri in pomene, nastale iz božjega načina nagovarjanja ljudi. -
Tomb Conference Hand-Out-1
Jewish Views of the After-Life and Burial Practices in Second Temple Judaism January 15, 2008 Evaluating the Talpiot Tomb in Context Mishkenot Shaʼananim Various Scripts among the Ossuaries of the Talpiot Tomb Stephen Pfann, Ph.D. Besides the natural distinctions in personal handwriting from one inscription to another, there are also distinct, standard styles of scripts that have been used among the ossuaries. A general distinction can be made between styles that emulate or are influenced by normal “ink on paper” handwriting and those that are “lapidary” in character. Styles influenced by “ink on paper” handwriting come in formal, semi-formal, semi-cursive and cursive scripts. Formal script is reflected in CJO 121 and CJO 702. Cursive script endeavors to create letters without lifting the pen or stylus. The best example of this form of script is that of DF 40. This closely resembles the name “Yeshua‘ (?)” in ossuary CJO 704 from the Talpiot Tomb. The “lapidary scripts” are standard for inscriptions which have been deeply engraved in stone. What tend to be gently curved lines in handwritten scripts tend to be straightened out in lapidary script. There are both formal and informal forms of this script that usually can be distinguished by uniformity and ornamentation. The more ornamented forms tend to have triangular, often hollow serifs (as in the Mariah, Yoseh, and Mattiah inscriptions in the Talpiot Tomb). The lines of the less elaborate lapidary styles tend to appear stick-like, made up of distinct separate strokes and without serif ornamentation (cf. especially DF 29 and “Yehosef” of the CJO 704 Talpiot Tomb inscription; also pertinent is CJO 9). -
A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew
THE MASTER’S SEMINARY A GRAMMAR FOR BIBLICAL HEBREW ttyyrrIbIb.[.[i i William D. Barrick Irvin A. Busenitz Revised Edition 2 Barrick & Busenitz, A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew © 2011 Grace Books International Sun Valley, CA BWHEBB, BWHEBL, BWTRANSH [Hebrew]; BWGRKL, BWGRKN, and BWGRKI [Greek] Postscript® Type 1 and TrueTypeT fonts Copyright © 1994–2009 BibleWorks, LLC. All rights reserved. These Biblical Greek and Hebrew fonts are used with permission and are from BibleWorks, software for Biblical exegesis and research. Barrick & Busenitz, A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew 3 PREFACE Originally, the authors had composed their own individual grammars during the course of teaching Biblical Hebrew on the seminary level for many years. It was a pleasant surprise to find that each had adhered to the same basic philosophy of teaching Hebrew grammar. There were some areas that had been developed differently, but the general design was harmonious. A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew represents a combining of those two grammars. It is our hope and prayer that the use of this grammar will prove to be a joyful exercise resulting in an understanding of the Hebrew Old Testament. For this revised edition the authors present a totally new and updated vocabulary for the lessons and for the appendixes. Special thanks is offered to Dr. Michael Grisanti, who has read and commented on this grammar as it has been (and is being) developed, and to Scott Bashoor, Brian Rickett, and Bryan Murphy who have taught the course with this textbook for a number of years. Thanks are also due to all those students who have patiently endured (and who are enduring) the process of developing and testing this volume in the classroom. -
Download Slides
From here To here BIBLICAL SURVEY: Old Testament The Earlyyy Monarchy Archaeology Issues - Part Two Biblical-Literacy.com © Copyright 2011 by Mark Lanier. Permission hereby granted to reprint this document in its entirety without change, with reference given, and not for financial profit. Dr. Weston Fields – Dead Sea Scrolls Dr. Weston Fields – Dead Sea Scrolls Capacity 300 Dr. Weston Fields – Dead Sea Scrolls Capacity 300 Registration Dr. Weston Fields – Dead Sea Scrolls Capacity 300 Registration Dr. Weston Fields – Dead Sea Scrolls Capacity 300 Registration Dr. Weston Fields – Dead Sea Scrolls Capacity 300 Registration Dr. Weston Fields – Dead Sea Scrolls Capacity 300 Registration Happy Caterer Many people hold a fascination… for all things ancient Many people hold a fascination… for all things ancient Many people hold a fascination… for all things ancient Early Monarchy Archaeology (part 2) Early Monarchy Archaeology (part 2) Early Monarchy Archaeology (part 2) Early Monarchy Archaeology (part 2) Eilat Mazar Eilat Mazar Israel Finkelstein City of Two Gates House of David City of Two Gates House of David Palace of David City of Two Gates House of David Palace of David City of Two Gates Solomon’s Mines Fortified Cities House of David Palace of David City of Two Gates Solomon’s Mines Fortified Cities House of David Palace of David City of Two Gates Solomon’s Mines Fortified Cities House of David Palace of David City of Two Gates Solomon’s Mines Fortified Cities House of David Palace of David City of Two Gates Solomon’s Mines PlPalace of DidDavid PlPalace of DidDavid PlPalace of DidDavid AdAnd Hiram King of Tyre sent cedar trees, carpenters and masons who built David a house (2 Sam. -
Psalm 119 & the Hebrew Aleph
Psalm 119 & the Hebrew Aleph Bet - Part 7 The seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet is called "Zayin", (pronounced "ZAH-yeen”). It has the same sound as “z” says in “zebra”. In modern Hebrew, the Zayin can appear in the following three forms: Write the manual print version (or "block" version) of Zayin as follows: MANUAL PRINT VERSION Note that the first stroke slightly descends from the left to right. Writing the Letter: Zayin Practice making the Zayin here: Zayin, the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet, concludes the first series of letters, portraying the story of the Gospel. Considering this, let’s review briefly what we’ve found in the first letters: Aleph – represents the ONE, Almighty, invisible God, our FATHER, Who… Beit – “Housed” Himself in human flesh and Scripture, Tabernacling among us… Gimmel – Yah’s plea to mankind goes forth from beit, carried by the final Elijahs… Dalet – who “knock” on the heart-door of the lost, inviting them to sup with Yah… Hey – Those who open their doors (dalet) to the Truth, receive Yah’s Spirit (hey)… – Anyone who has been filled with the Spirit and imputed with Messiah’s Vav Righteousness, becomes a true man, re-connected to Heaven… Having received the Spiritual Gifts and Messages of these previous six letters, the new man is ready for effective SPIRITUAL WARFARE. Zayin means “weapon” and its form represents the SWORD of the SPIRIT. Zayin Study Page 1 Spiritual Meaning of the Zayin Zayin = 7 and is formed by crowning a vav. It represents a sword. The gematria of the word Zayin is 67, which is the same value for (binah), meaning “understanding”. -
The Name Yahushua Fwvhy Proverbs 30:4 Psalms 68:4
The Name Yahushua fwvhy Proverbs 30:4 Psalms 68:4. The third letter, waw, actually carries an oo What is His Son’s Name? sound! If Thou Canst Tell? Yah Is Found In The Word HalleluYah The sacred name movement from the beginning has under- In Hebrew halleluYah consists of two words. The first stood that names are transliterated. With this understanding word, halal, is Strong’s #1984 and the second word, Yahh, it is evident that the name, Jesus, is a mistransliteration of is Strong’s #3050. It is the combination of these two words our Savior’s name. The purpose of this booklet is to ex- that make the single word, halleluYah. The characters that plain how we have come to understand that the true trans- make up this word are: [h] Hey, [l]Lamedh, [l] Lamedh, literation of our Savior’s name should be Yahushua. [v]Waw, [y]Yodh, [h] Hey (Ps. 135:1). Understand the Hebrew Characters What is discovered in the Hebrew spelling of this word is that the Hebrew characters that are used to make up the sound Yah are only the [ ]Yodh [ ] Hey. Don’t forget that if When it comes to the name Yahweh do you understand y h you are looking these words up to see how they look in what the sounds of the four Hebrew characters are that Hebrew, the Hebrew reads from the right to the left. So, the make up His name? The four Hebrew characters from hvhy last two letters, [ ]Yodh [ ] Hey would be on the left of the right to left are: [ ]Yodh, [ ] Hey, [ ]Waw, [ ] Hey (He- y h y h v h word, halleluYah. -
Learn-The-Aramaic-Alphabet-Ashuri
Learn The ARAMAIC Alphabet 'Hebrew' Ashuri Script By Ewan MacLeod, B.Sc. Hons, M.Sc. 2 LEARN THE ARAMAIC ALPHABET – 'HEBREW' ASHURI SCRIPT Ewan MacLeod is the creator of the following websites: JesusSpokeAramaic.com JesusSpokeAramaicBook.com BibleManuscriptSociety.com Copyright © Ewan MacLeod, JesusSpokeAramaic.com, 2015. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into, a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, scanning, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without prior written permission from the copyright holder. The right of Ewan MacLeod to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the copyright holder's prior consent, in any form, or binding, or cover, other than that in which it is published, and without a similar condition, including this condition, being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Jesus Spoke AramaicTM is a Trademark. 3 Table of Contents Introduction To These Lessons.............................................................5 How Difficult Is Aramaic To Learn?........................................................7 Introduction To The Aramaic Alphabet And Scripts.............................11 How To Write The Aramaic Letters....................................................... 19