Оксана Карп’юк
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
Рівень стандарту (9-й рік навчання)
Підручник для 10-го класу загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів
НБ ПНУС
791255 Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України
Тернопіль „Видавництво „Лібра Терра“ CONTENTS ББК 81.43.21-922 К 26 У Л І4 ГІ |*| П. М &4‘ 2,| '"t М*; й / **3" ’ 1 * * • w ’ " pp. 4-19 People and Relationship Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України Умот 1\ ш (Наказ про надання грифу навчальній літературі № 177 від 3.03.2010 р.) Умотг \ pp. 20-35 Choose the Career !
Умотг j pp. 36-53 Why Go to S chool? л1 Mmot 4 pp. 54-71 National Cuisine
айв • pp. 72-91 Communication Technologies mI УК101Г 1 pp. 92-109 I s th e E a rth in D anger? 4 Ушт 1[ pp. 110-133 The W orld of Painting »ііш зр т Ш ' ньі'ч/г! імені Василя Стефаиика w pp. 134-152 j D o Y o u like Sports? код 02125266 У MOT I 1 НАУКОВА БІБЛІОТЕКА 7 9 12 55 pp. 153-155 1 . S elf-Assessment Grid
pp. 156-160 2. H elpful Tips for
D eveloping S kills УМОВНІ ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ: pp. 161-167 з. writing Samples 1 1 — текст до завдання озвучений в аудіододатку
pp. 168-169 ■4. Common Transitionals а1 і — завдання рекомендоване для домашнього виконання Words and Phrases pp. 170-187 5. Grammar Reference
pp. 188-195 6. Tapescripts Карп’ю к О. Д. К-26 Англійська мова: Підручник для 10-го класу загальноосвітніх навчальних pp. 196-202 7. Phrasal Verbs закладів. Рівень стандарту. - Тернопіль: Видавництво “Лібра Терра”, 2013,-224 с.:іл. ISBN 978-966-8790-93-5 pp. 203-220 B. Vocabulary
pp. 221-223 ISBN 978-966-308-359-9 (2010) © О. Карп’юк, 2010 9. Irregular Verbs ISBN 978-966-8790-93-5 (2011) ©ТзОВ “Видавництво “Астон”, 2010 © “Видавництво'ТІібра Терра”, 2013 PfB'O Pfiue I A®§© ШШ. ATi o n s h i p
I Щ 1 Work In small groups. z Discuss the questions. 0 1 Do you think it’s better to be h WHAT AFFECTS OUR PERSONALITY? < the older or the younger J 111 sister or brother in a family (1) In his book about the family’s a with two children? Why? influence on a personality the British a 2 Does a child’s position in the psychologist Tom Hughes tells that our z < family have an influence on position in the family is the strongest Ш his/her personality? -I factor that influences our personality. а □ Read the article quickly. (2) On his opinion, the oldest children LU Which paragraph (1-5) get maximum attention from their a. m entions: parents, and the result is that they’re a about the youngest usually quite self-confident people. They children?...... make good leaders. For example, the b about the children who famous Prime Minister Winston have to look after their Churchill was a firstborn child. The younger brothers and oldest children are often ambitious. sisters?...... J~J often jealous o f their brothers and sisters They’re more likely to go to university C about Tom Hughes?...... □ and they can be moody. d about the only children? than their brothers or sisters. They often (4) I f a child is the youngest in the e about the most □ get the top jobs, too. They are also family, he or she w ill probably be very competitive children?..... responsible people, because they often □ charming, affectionate and quite relaxed. 3 Read the article again. have to look after their younger brothers On the other hand, the youngest children Which children are usually: or sisters. The downside o f this is that are often quite lazy. This is because they 1 independent and sociable? sometimes this means that when they’re always have their older brothers and 2 charming and affectionate? older they worry a lot about things. They 3 quite self-confident and can also be quite bossy and even sisters to help them. And they can be ambitious? aggressive, especially when they don’t quite manipulative — they use their 4 very organised and responsible? get what they want. charm to get what they want. (3) The middle children are usually (5) The only children in the family (4 independent and competitive. It’s don’t have to share with anyone — so 4 nave the WOrdS,heopposite meaning. a n ic ' e «>« they’re often spoilt by their parents and 1 well-bred because they have to fight with their 2 unselfish brothers and sisters for their parents’ their grandparents. As a result, they can 3 simple attention. And they’re usually sociable, be quite selfish. They think o f themselves 4 hard-working they like being with people, probably more than o f other people. On the 5 rude because they have always had other positive side, the only children are calm 6 children to play with. However, on the usually very organised and responsible, negative side, the middle children are and they can be very imaginative, too. 1 6 PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIP ® 6 у READING c) W ork in pairs. L o o k a t the com pleted chart. D iscuss the questions. the iscuss D chart. pleted com the t a k o o L chart. r u pairs. o y in ork W check c) and le rtic a the Read b) ) r n r. opu h detvsaoei o iie, negative , sitive o p to in above adjectives the up roup G irs. a p in ork W b) a) Com plete the c h a rt below w ith fiv e p e rs o n a lity adjectives lity a n o rs e p e fiv ith w below rt a h c the plete Com a) ) o lt tesnecswith w sentences the plete Com a) n r har t ristics. cte ra a ch l tra u e n and • Do you think they are true for your brothers and sisters or your friends? your or sisters and brothers your for true are they think you Do • • Do you think inthe statements • the article are true for If you? not, why not? ... people trust.can you people are 9 14 ... people like doing things on their own without help. without own their on things doing like people ... 14 8 13 ... people are, happy one minute and sad the next one and are often ... are people one next the sad are,and andminute one happy 13 12 11 like and quickly angry get people ... 7 10 6 n ahclmn. colum each in loves someone that think people ... 5 and themselves about think people ... 4 3 ... children behave badly because they because badly behave children ... 3 2 nuta ctonar ifnecessary. f i ry a File. n ord tio W ic d the a from onsult C adjectives the 1 ... people have an attractive an have people ...... people always want to win. to want always people ...... people are friendly and enjoy being enjoy and friendly are people ...... people want to be successful in life.in besuccessful to want people ...... people like giving orders. giving like ... people oldest children oldest ... people are good at influencing others to do what they ... they do what to others people want. influencing at good are ... much. very people people like they that show them. bad-tempered. fighting. personality that makes people like people makes that personality people. other with wants what other people have. people other what wants another person more than them, or or them, than more person another not about other people. other about not are given everything they want. they everything given are middle children middle
youngest children youngest jealous [’d jealous sensitive ['sensativ] sensitive [spoilt] spoilt ['saojabl] sociable efs [ selfij] selfish responsible [n'spDnsabl] responsible ['mu:di] moody envious [’envias] envious manipulative [ma'mpjalativ] [ma'mpjalativ] manipulative [,ena'd energetic competitive [kam'petativ] [kam'petativ] competitive ['tja:mig] charming imaginative [l'maedsinativ] imaginative ambitious [eem'bijas] ambitious [a'gresiv] aggressive [a'fekt] affect to bossy ['bDsi] bossy [a'fekjanat] affectionate Do R O W E L I F 3 el only children only 9 s]
3 etik] etik] ------
1 } (1 ( 5 ) ) 5 ( 2 3 ) ) 3 th h sonalt ajcie t t rdefnii Uea dictionary. a 4 Use . s n itio fin e d ir e th ith w adjectives lity a n o rs e p the atch M 3 8 honest 7 6 5 2 hm n tecorectclmn colum t c rre o c the in them t u prefixes P the g sin u opposites Make o f the table below. table the box. f o the in adjectives the ith w 1 and p u t them in the colum ns below. ns colum the in them t u p and O rganise the w ords in to p a irs o f opposites f o irs a p to in ords w the rganise O L is t as m any w ords w hich can describ e p e o p le ’s character beginning character ’s le p o e p e describ can hich w ords w any m as t is L h aceristics. cte ra cha t sel’ a ou a. opu te i o iie, eaieornutral neu r o negative , sitive o p to in them up roup G can. u yo as lf’, e ‘s ith w character. E xplain y o u r choice. r u o y xplain E character. ambitious, friendly, honest, imaginative, imaginative, honest, friendly, ambitious, Exam ple: Sociable — I ’m sociable because I love being with other people. ’s other d n with frie being r u love I o y r o r because u o y sociable ’m I — describe Sociable st e b ple: hich Exam w ords w ix s r o five Choose responsible, selfish, sensitive, sociable sensitive, selfish, responsible, nlaat eeos eibe ma,utd,sl-ofdn, moody, untidy,self-confident, mean, reliable, generous, unpleasant, talkative generous ^ generous envious sensitive mean patient reliable organised, bossy, ambitious, imaginative, spoilt, energetic, envious energetic, spoilt, imaginative, ambitious, bossy, organised, kind, organised, patient, reliable, tidy,reliable, patient, organised, kind, mean, clever, lazy, relaxed, hard-working, cheerful, honest, stupid, honest, cheerful, hard-working, lazy,relaxed, clever,mean, un- positive f e d c a b g h able to feel physical sensations more than usual than more sensations physical feel to able angry becoming without difficulties pleasure others give to inorder etc., time money,spend give to willing able to wait calmly for a long time or to accept accept to or time long a for calmly wait to able lying never wanting something that someone else has else someone that something wanting easily hurt or offended by things that people say or say people that by things offended or hurt easily on depended or trusted being of capable unkind or unwilling to share to unwilling or unkind liking to talk a lot a talk to liking
dis- VOCABULARY
r negative the opposites of adjectives of opposites the making of ways common The u-,‘n’ ds’ i- o i- . ‘ir-’ or ‘im-’ ‘dis-’, ‘in-’, ‘un-’, prefixes: add to are Y R A L U B A C D V i C ° PCD T I N ІП-/ІПЛ-/ІГ------
1 7 RELATIONSHIP AND PEOPLE 1 8 people and relationship 2 1 R A M M A R G
4 Wales use to be an independent country before it was part of Britain. of part it was before country independent an be to use Wales 4 • To make questions or negative sentences we use did/didn’t + use to. to. use + did/didn’t use we sentences negative or questions Tomake • Ukraine.inlive8 we now but Russia in lived to used We 7 6 5 We used to have several horses. several have to used We 5 dancer.a became he before football play to used Bob 3 2 nd hm n ewrt tesnecscrectly. corre sentences the rite w re and them d in F oeofteprssi bol aei orect. rre co in are ld o b in phrases the f o Some ... We 4 1 We used to had a dog when I was a child. a I was when dog a had to used We 1 6 ... There 5 Crs ... Chris 3 ... Andrew 2 brackets. in verbs the and ’ to ‘used f o form negative r o o lt tesnecs Ueteafimative a ple: ffirm a xam E the Use sentences. the plete Com 1 Mary ... Mary 1 It used to work, now it doesn’t. now work, to used It Jane uses to be a singer.a be to uses Jane I used to like eating pork but now I hate it.I hate now but pork eating like to Iused They ... They Example: D id n ’t you use to play ‘hide-and-seek’ in your childhood? your in ‘hide-and-seek’ play to use you ’t n id D Example: When we are not comparing, but saying how things were in the past, the in were things how saying but comparing, not are we When It is very common in English to make questions starting with didn’t. didn’t. with starting questions make to English in common isItvery we use the Past Tense. Past the use we We can also make comparisons with the phrase used to. Apart from Apart to. used phrase the with comparisons make also can We Example: When I liv e d on a farm, I used to ride m y horse every day. every horse y m ride to used I farm, a on d e liv I When Example: We use the phrase used to + infinitive when we talk about things things about talk we when infinitive + to used phrase the use We Example: Now I live in Kyiv: I used to live in Lviv. in live to used I Kyiv: in live I Now Example: which were true in the past but aren’t true now. true aren’t but past inthe true were which used to, all the verbs are in the Present Tense. Present inthe are verbs the all to, used Example: I used to learn French but now I learn English. learn I now but French learn to used I Example: ° T N I R A O P M M A R G (play) Bob ... Bob Bob used to work in a factory, but he doesn’t now. doesn’t he but factory, a in work to used Bob (wear) (go) (drink) He used to have quite a temper when he was a child. a was he when temper a quite have to used He (be) She used to do aerobics, but now she does not exercise at all. at exercise not does she now but aerobics, do to used She Italy used to have a king. a have to used Italy (be) football at the weekend, but now we don’t. we now but weekend, the at football to my school, but now she doesn’t. she now but school, my to a market every Friday, but now there isn’t. there now but Friday, every market a a uniform to school, but now they do. now they but school, to uniform a very tall, but now he is.he now but tall, very coffee, but now hedoes. now but coffee, (work) ------in a factory, but he doesn’t now. doesn’t he but ainfactory, USED TO USED
® 3 ) 1apetticoat [’petikaut] — (нижня) спідниця that refer to the fashion of those of fashion the to refer that their skirts. Men ... walking sticks. walking ... Men skirts. their Women ... many petticoats many ... Women skirts Women's days. and women ... at formal balls. at formal ... women and Men adults. like ... Children hair. long ... men All formal. and long things notice can one magazines oldof pages the through Looking ...study? you did What 3 2 4 there there 4 visit / family your / Who 2 o lt h etne i tecorectfr h ue o’tucur . re ctu ’stru to ‘used f the o s t form c rre o c the g sin u sentences the plete Com 3 What / your grandparents / give you give / grandparents your / What 3 ple: Exam 7 you / get upearly get / you 7 6 live / parents your / Where 5 iequestons. s tepr s, h ases i h box ue o’. to ‘used d n a x o b the in s e s ra h p the , ts p m ro p the Use . s n tio s e u q rite W W ork in pairs. Take tu rn s asking and answ ering the questions. the ering answ and asking s rn tu Take pairs. in ork W 1 Did you ... go to the same 4 Didn’t you ... have long hair? long ...have 4 you Didn’t same the ...to go you Did 1 1 • Did you use to play dolls/cars when when child? littledolls/cars play a were to you use you Did • now? live you place to the came you before live to use you did Where • eight? were you when read touse you did books What • 1?inYear school home from come to use you did When • hair? long wear to use you Did • glasses? wear to use you Did • you / eat vegetables eat / you I didn’t ... have so many things were a child? a were things many so have ... Ididn’t you / watch TV / on Saturday mornings Saturday on / TV watch / you o lt h t i te ue o’stuct re tu c tru ’s to box. ‘used the the in g sin verbs u y the b t x ith te w the plete Com when I was a student. aI was when school as me? 5 What did you ... do when you ...when do you did 5 What me? as school carry, be, dance, dress, have, wear have, dress, dance, be,carry, I be I a I be I your mother / read to you to read / mother your you before you started school? started you before you Did your m other use to read to read to use other m your Did park / near your house your near / park used to be to used 1 under under
6 He never... be like that.likebe never... He - when you got up? got you when - play? could you where - child? a were you when - married? got they before - bed? to went you before - birthday? your it was when - weekend? the at - school? started you before - GRAMMAR
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t a L U . T . « T t D
1 9 EPE N RELATIONSHIP AND PEOPLE 1 10 PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIP 3 5 LISTENING itnadtck h opis ihaementioned. m are hich w ics p to the k tic and Listen § A: Do you ever argue? ever Doyou A: common? in have you do What A: well? so on get you think you do Why A: A: Do you think you will always stay friends? stay always will you think Doyou A: touch? in keep doyou How A: bold. in ords w the f o eanings m the other? guess each known youhave long How and A: dialogue the Read o f yours. A s k and answ er the questions. the er answ and k s A yours. f o occasionally. other each phone we and email by Usually B: things. most about agree usually We much. Not B: tennis. playing love both we example, for B: of things, lotA personalities. similar very have we Because B: 10years. For about B: childhood? your of friend oldan with intouch get to tried ever your Have • B: Yes, I’m sure we will. I certainly hope so.hope Icertainly will. B: we I’msure Yes, . g in w llo fo the on r e rtn a p r u o y ith w Talk 4 What happened as a result? a as happened What 4 r n ar. hn coefi d n frie close a f o Think pairs. in ork W touch? lose they did When 2 L iste n again and answ er the questions. the er answ and again n iste L Wyd o e nwl? • • about? What argue? ever you Do • • incommon? have you do What • well? on get you do Why • meet? you did Where • known you have long How • 6 squash? playing stop she did Why 5 teacher? French the like she didn’t Why 3 2 a friend she used to have Q 5 a film she used she afilm 5 Q have to used she a friend 2 3 a sport she used to play Q to watch several times several watch to seeing stop Rose and she did When 1 Q play to used she sport a 3 1 an actor she used to like |~| 4 a teacher she used to hate to used she teacher a 4 |~| like to used she actor an 1 Why does she prefer tennis? prefer she does Why Why? Did you succeed? Didyou Why? i/e? • him/her? each other? each
Do you think you’ll stay friends? stay you’ll think Doyou When? Why? touch? lost ever Haveyou time? of rest the intouch keep you How do other? each see you do How often osced [sak'si:d] succeed to [’a:gju:] argue to [gaol] goal a • to loose touch loose to • touch in get/keep to • common in lot) (a have to • well on get to • • to stay friends stay to • ° D R O W LE IL F ------t t 3 2 )1 1apeer [рю] — ровесник for myself. I have high goals for my for goals high I have myself. for career, and I try to be a success in school in success bea Ito try andcareer, because I set up high goals in athletics inathletics goals highup I set because person ambitious an as myself of Ithink ) r n rus Tikadepan hy w explain and Think groups. in ork W b) • Do you feel that you are more talkative with peers with talkative more are you that feel you Do • others? not but people some with argue Doyou • below. stions e u q withare you the when differently speak Doyou • iscuss D pairs. in ork W a) Read and com pare the o p in io n s abo ut Peter. ut abo s n io in p o the pare com and Read a) e ed ocmmeto tequot i 2i cass. cla s2 n in tio ta o u q the on ent m com to ready Get trmae uh fer mpressions im t n re iffe d such akes m eter P on people. on Who do you argue with? When? with? argue youdo Who different people? Who with? When? with? Who people? different A friend to all isall to A friend a friend to none.to friend a My teachers believe that I am a hard Iaam that believe teachers My working student. They tell me that Iseem methat tell They student. working ob elytyn ybs ofns my finish tobest my trying really be to school work and maintain my goodmy maintain and work school because I do not pass my work on time.on my work pass not Ido because grades. Sometimes they think I am lazy Iam think they Sometimes grades. My parents think that I am lazy, because I lazy,because I am that think parents My don’t want to help with the household the with help to want don’t chores. In their opinion, I am talkative Italkative am opinion, Intheir chores. talk until I’ve run out of stories.of out runI’ve until talk and once I start talking — I talk andI talk — talking I start once and and too noisy because whenever whenever because noisy too and to a person who is far away from me from away isfar who person a to we’re talking, it seems that I’m talking that seems it talking, we’re What is a friend? A single A aisfriend? What soul in two bodies. in two soul 2aquotation [kwgo'teijn] —висловлювання, цитата
1 than with adults? Why? adults? with than / S P E A K I N Б ttesm ie ... time, same the At say..., could You It’s true that..., but... but... that..., true It’s He acts as if... as acts He like... looks He/She He/She looks... He/She be... to seems He/She Talking about people people about Talking fun to bewith. to fun think that I’m a snob,I’ma that think think I am nice andnice Iam think dance and act. They They act. and dance matlne person talented aam I that say but I don’t know why. know I don’t but because I can sing,I can because ’ o nb Others snob. anot I’m My friends My True friendship is ais friendship True plant of slow growth. slow of plant a balanced view view balanced a S E S A o— R L H P U F E S U Giving Giving but also... also... but
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I EPE N RELATIONSHIP AND PEOPLE 12 PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIP 2 1 USE YD U R ENGLISH xmple: Exam j ... is healthy and in good physical condition, physical good in and healthy is ... j a) C orrect the m istakes in the phrases in bold. in phrases the in istakes m the orrect C a) th ahc act i i wihis ci i a n teea ple. exam the in as n tio scrip e d its ith w tic ris te c ra a ch each atch M f ... is not afraid of frightening or dangerous situations, dangerous or frightening of afraid not is ... f ) o lt h etne hnigtevrsi tebox nt posii e itiv s o p to in x o b the in verbs the changing y b sentences the plete Com b) e ... is helpful and sympathetic to other people, other to sympathetic and helpful people, other with being enjoys and isfriendly ... g is ... e frustrated, or annoyed get not does and calm is ... d work, physical hard do can and muscles ...well-developed has c easily, tire doesn’t and lively always is ... a m ... is always happy and optimistic. and happy always ...is m carrying and making at out good and efficient plans, something. about excited inand interested is ... k is ... і feelings, personal by influenced not is and equally everyone ...treats h imaginative. and artistic original, is ... b I ... is not at all lazy,allat not is ... I person well-educated A a good education. gooda 4 [+] We ... really close but now we hardly ever meet. ever hardly we now but close really ... We [+] 4 (+), negative (-) o r in te rro g a tive f? ) form o f the ‘used to ’ structure. ’ to ‘used the f o form ) f? tive a g rro te in r o (-) negative (+), everywhere. cycle to used car,athey have to used didn’t They 4 2 [+] Lilly ... in Kyiv but she moved to Donetsk last year. last Donetsk to moved she but Kyiv in ... Lilly [+] 2 5 He doesn’t like coffee, so he use to drink tea in the morning. the in 6 tea drink to use he so coffee,like doesn’t He 5 hair? long have to used always she Did 2 5 f?1 ... you ... with your parents when you were a child? a were you when parents your with ... you ... f?1 5 3 [?] ... you ... a long hair? You look different. look hair?You long a ... you ... [?] 3 xmple: Exam work? to go you before breakfast have to use you Do 3 ple: Exam 1 more. any Idon’t but 6:30,at up get to use I 1
He used be a teacher, but now he works for for heworks now but teacher, a be used He 0 I ... with my boss but now we get on quite well. quite on get we now but boss my with ... I has hadhas I Q shy.beso to use wasn’t She She didn’t use to be so shy. so be to use didn’t She a month. a
didn’t use to go to use didn’t ru,b,g,wa, ie play live, wear,go, be, argue, brave, caring, cheerful, creative, energetic, energetic, creative, cheerful, caring, brave, enthusiastic, fair, fit, patient, hard-working, hard-working, patient, fit, fair, enthusiastic, organised, well-educated, sociable, strong sociable, well-educated, organised, to the theatre often but now Itwice go now but often theatre the to Greenpeace.
® Q 1 Are you usually smiling and happy? and smiling usually you Are 1 Q □ 2 Do you enjoy the company company the enjoy you Do 2 □ [ | з Do you find it difficult difficult it find Doyou |з [ | | 3 □ 5 Does your mood change very often very change mood your Does 5 □ П П 7 Do you think the future will begood. will future the think Doyou 7 П ГП □ П 13 Do you Keep yourfeelings and ideas to yourself? to ideas and Keepyou Do yourfeelings 13 П Q 14 Do you often give presents? give often you Do 14 Q □ 4 a) A s k y o u r frie n d to do the p e rs o n a lity questionnaire lity a n o rs e p the do to d n frie r u o y k s A a) o nw l, si h xmple. exam the in as ell, w know you M atch the adjectives w ith th e ir d e fin itio n s. Use them to describe people describe to them Use s. n itio fin e d ir e th ith w adjectives the atch M W ork in pairs. in ork W E xam ple: Tom is very honest. He never tells lies. tells never He honest. very is Tom ple: xam E 6 8 9 is it important to you to important it is Do you notice other people’s feelings. people’s other notice Doyou Can your friends depend on you? on depend friends your Can l \ is your room often in a moss? ^ ^ or anyb0(Jy, or ^ ^ moss? ina often room your is ou o. oteqesinaiey s f Pu Y or fo ‘Y’ ut P lf. rse u yo ire stionna que the Do you. ut bo a e, N’f o ad‘’f o tmes. etim Som r fo ‘S’ and No, r fo ’ ‘N Yes, of other people? other of to meet new people? new meet to to succeed in your career? inyour succeed to suddenly for no reason? no for suddenly A rey^usu ally calm and not worried bythings? not worried and calm ally rey^usu A What Sort of Person You Are You Person of Sort What imaginative never tell lies tell never imaginative aktv \ talkative sociable jealous \ not say a lot asay not \ jealous honest v honest mean \ never betray friends betray never \ mean loyal \ able to think of new ideas new of think to able \ loyal shy 'v talk to everybody to talk 'v shy USE YD U R ENGLISH feel angry about not having what others have others what having not about angry feel hate spending money spending hate never stop talking stop never
13
1 EPE N RELATIONSHIP AND PEOPLE USE YD U R ENGLISH USE YOUR ENGLISH
b) Compare your and your friend’s answers about you. a) Discuss the questions in groups. EPE N RELATIONSHIP AND PEOPLE c) Match the characteristics with the questions 1 What is the most beautiful thing from the questionnaire in (a). a untidy...... -Г9І about people? b optimistic...... •I I 2 What qualities are very important = T 5 Give a complete profile of yourself. c sociable...... •I I for those who want: d talkative...... - to become successful • Introduce yourself (name, surname, age). ■ П e reserved...... in their lives? • Say something about your family, pets, ■ I I f shy...... - to become skilful at some job? hobbies, interests, likes and dislikes. П impatient...... - to get along with others • Describe yourself (your appearance: g ..I I h ambitious...... - to be respected by people? hair, eyes, build, what you usually wear) I I і lazy...... • Describe you character, giving examples П b) Make a list of the most generous...... interesting ideas and some of to prove it. (Are you reliable, honest, lazy, j П k moody...... I I the best arguments in support boring, bossy, gossipy, hard-working, sporty, of these ideas which were I hard-working. ..U ambitions, a coach potato, a chatterbox, etc.?) expressed in your discussion. m easy-going.... • Say something about your friends. П n reliable...... I I • Say something about your school, favourite Work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions. o cheerful...... П ® subjects and teachers. • Do you have a close friend? Do gossipy children have a lot P sensitive...... I I • Say what you would like to be when you grow up. • Who is your best friend and why? of friends? • Say something else that you think is important to • What makes for a good friendship? Is there a boy/girl in your class know about you. • Do you make friends easily? who hasn’t got a friend? • Why do some children have so Is there a boy/girl in your class many friends? who’s got a lot of friends? • What should friends always do? How can you help children • What should friends never do? who don’t make friends easily? • Do real friends share secrets? If you have a brother or a • Do you keep your friend’s secrets? sister, do you get on well with • Do you help your friends with their his/her friends? school homework? Does your sister/brother get on • Do your friends help you? well with your friends? > . • Do your parents have close friends? WRITING WRITING
1( 1 ) Work in pairs. Answer the questions: ® Read the situation and fill in the application form. EPE N RELATIONSHIP AND PEOPLE — Is writing a process or a skill? — What kinds of writing do you know? You want to find an English speaking pen friend. A club in Scotland, — What reasons do we write for? — Why do we study writing? which introduces pen friends, has sent you this application form.
□ ( 2) a) Get some information. The International Pen Friend Club < f t PALMERSTON PLACE Why Learning How to Write? j Edinburgh EH 12 5BJ Id To become good in writing we have United Kingdom K Writing is a PROCESS □ to keep in mind the following ideas: F u l l name: z It is actually a process, which includes getting, planning and organising Home address (including country)• < ideas, writing a first draft1, revising, redrafting, improving and, finally, getting Ld J the material ready for the readers. rfsV Nationality: 0. □ Writing is a SKILL Date of birth~ (day/month/year)~- Id Sex: ' * Ol We can all learn how to write well. Of course, it takes time and practice. Main interest: Before putting pen to paper you will also have to think of the important What sort of elements: 1 AUDIENCE — who am I writing for? 2 PURPOSE — what is the function of this piece of writing? 3 FORM, which very much depends on the first two elements.
Some of you might ask: what is the purpose of my writing? One of the How well do you write in English? answers is self-evident — to pass the exam. The school leaving exam, тУ»*«нїЖШГй’ which represents your ticket to university, is a written test. But there are many good reasons why learning how to write well is more U АішД 0а|ЦДІ н а у к о в а б і Б/ТГПТ than just passing the school leaving or any other exam. a) Write about your best friend. Use the questiyi* below.'c p The world of business, media, art, science, etc. is all about — How long have you known each ot&er?— ------writing articles, reports, letters, reviews, etc. — What does your friend look like (physically)? Becoming a good writer is important for your personal as well — What is your friend like? (use as many adjectives as professional development. as you can think of to describe his/her character) — Why is he/she your best friend (what do you like about him/her)? b) Answer the questions of exercise 1 again. What has changed in your — What do you have in common? answers? Discuss it with a partner. — How do you know that you can rely on him/her? 3 a) In the Self-Assessment Grid L M ji .....fits m.e best because (give some examples) (Appendix, p.153) read the part — Has your friend ever let you down? When? Why? concerning writing. Try to find the — What about you? Are you a good friend? Can you prove it? descriptors that fits your level best. м у objective2 Is to achieve level — What do you and your best friend do together? b) In a group of four, compare and ...... because...... discuss your answers. Report — Have you ever quarreled? If yes, how did you make up your findings to the other groups. with your best friend? b) Display your compositions in class. Read your mates’ compositions. 'a draft [dra:ft] — начерк, чернетка 2anobjective [ab'd3ektiv] — мета c) Work in groups. Discuss your works.
1 16 17 PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIP 2 1 ) ) 1 LISTENING GRAMMAR
i ahr r father: his a wife: his himself: not s not himself: I ... I 4 8 ... 7 6 ... He 5 never... We 2 brackets. in verb the and ’ to ‘used f o b) Listen again and w rite the adjectives the rite w and again Listen b) ... 3 sometimes about films as we have completely different tastes! different completely have we as films about sometimes only ..., often don’t We month. a twice about other each Com plete the sentences w ith the c o rre c t form t c rre o c the ith w sentences the plete Com hne osw ..fracul fyas Btnww ... now we But years. of couple a for ... we jobs changed breaks coffee our have usedto we and work, I usedto where 1 She ... She 1 regularly. We phone each other once a week, and we see we and week, a once other each phone regularly.We I when and more, any together work don’t We interests). time. same the at Com plete the te xt w ith the w ords and phrases from the box. the from company the at mine of ... a phrases was She work.at ... and now.We ords w the ith w xt te the plete Com ) itnadtck ) / < ( k tic and Listen a) We ... We e ... He he uses to describe each person. each describe to uses he We ... . Although we don’t ... (we have quite different different quite have (we ... don’t . we Although ... We I have a ... called Natalia. I’ve ... her for about 12years about for her ... I’ve Natalia. called ... aIhave hataementioned. m are t (1-4) a s th n itio s o p the weeks! six for (they/go) (you/wear) a (you/wear) o (go) ...... (be) like) (not nthv) a have) (not ...... (go) to the gym three times a week, but not any more. I’m too busy.I’mtoo more. any not but week, a times three gym the to ...... very patient, but now he’s really impatient. really he’s now but patient, very , not I ,not to the cinema every week, but she doesn’t have time now.time have doesn’t she but week, every cinema the to to the bench a lot when they were kids? were they lot when a bench the to b (eat out) (eat ...... children, but now he’s the perfect father.perfect the he’s now but children, not s not uniform when you went to school? to went you when uniform ...... long holiday, but this year we’re going to the Crimea the to going we’re year but this holiday,long
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touch, argue, touch, known, meet known, close friend, close have a lot inlot a have got on well,on got colleague, lost touch, common, keep inkeep 4 ) 4 READING opeeargsrto omf e redCu Л Club Pena Friend r fo form registration a complete □ I I describe a personality a describe I I Q understand and use the phrase in 'used to' structure structure to' 'used in phrase the useand understand Q |_J talk about friends and friendship and friends about talk |_J □ listen and understand about d iffe re n t personal characteristics characteristics personal t n re iffe d about understand and listen □ □ read and understand about people andtheir relationship" andtheir people about understand and read □ father had left us when we were were we when us left had father s a w catHy a had and close very also were we opposites, complete we were criticised people other when si h a h le itrad act i i ^ s tic ris te c ra a h c as if she was the older sister and me defended always she But me. than attractive was very talkative I— was Iawful! in interested wasn't studying, ristics cte ra a ch rt o h s t u o rs. rite siste w th and bo f le o rtic a the Read ml, u Cty epd e to me helped Cathy but small, t r o h s seemed it sometimes and me, allI towanted do was going to parties, andCathy used to tellmy I child,while a me.Shequiet andshy very was with competing oka yef ...... w.oc „ ., look at myself. to had I other problems, my blame for people couldn’t I that me taught also She way.in different a us,butDadloved that understand lot of fun together. We still do. parents.I So, was horrible to I was the younger one.I Although younger the was C A N Y O U ... I N E N 6 L IS H ? 0 - y es. I can. I es. y - 0 ? H IS L 6 N E N I ... U O Y N A C tik sfee bcue my because suffered I think I more^ was she because also Cathy of jealous very was I life her all spent has Cathy poor that think sometimes I H CKY SKILLS CHEC KYO e—I her— - ч — — used to bite her...... The author was author The ......
19 EPE N RELATIONSHIP AND PEOPLE 2 CHOOSE THE CAREER! CHOOSE 0 THE CAREER! required for British family with two children children family two for British with required П 5 work at training courses for adults? for courses training at work 5 П I I 4 office work? office I 4 I children? with work 3 I I I I I I Make a Top Five L is t o f y o u r fa vo u rite jo b s . Compare it w ith a partner. a ith w it Compare . s b jo rite u vo fa r u o y f o t is L Five Top a Make Please write giving brief details c m m E N ’ s s ’ N E m m c of qualifications and experience to Read the jo b advertisem ents quickly. ents advertisem b jo the Read ihavrie n AE entions: m (A-E) ent advertisem hich W 2 1 work in a fashion industry? inafashion work work with tourists? with work (ages (ages rvn ies sesnil ( is essential. license Driving French advantage. isan French 2 and and 5) □ desire and ability todesire andability □ □ strong communication strong communication □ П import/export import/export П □ office administration, office □ □ very goodEnglish spoken □ living in living Brussels.in challenges work hardandface work and inter-personalskillsand but not essentialnot but xeine—desirableexperience — including IT skillsincluding E REQUIRE:WE
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) 3 ) 2 ) 1 4 electrician d a skill to buildwalls skill a to d electrician 4 5 mechanic e a skill to fit and repair water pipes, bathrooms, etc. bathrooms, pipes, water repair and skillfit a to e mechanic 5 2 3 plumber \ c a skill to make things using wood using things make to skill a c \ plumber 3 % 1 bricklayer v a a skill to fit and repair electrical things electrical repair and skillfit ato a v bricklayer carpenter \ b a skill to repair cars repair skill a to b \ carpenter o lt ahclmn t t r obs. s ctonar ifnecessary. f i ry a n tio ic d a Use . s b jo ore m o tw ith w n colum each plete Com F o r som e w ords m ore than one colum n is possible. is n colum one than ore m ords w e som r o F opu h rsfo h nt teclmn eo . below ns colum the to in x o b the from ords w the up roup G need. they ills k s the ith w s b jo the atch M OCCUPATION PROFESSION Exam ple: My granddad works in the building industry as an architect. an as industry building the in works granddad My ple: areas. Exam above the f o any in ief etne bu ealpol wohv obs b jo have who people l a re about sentences r u fo rite W ayrconductor lawyer plumber POINT o— T N I O P " e o -ist -or -er uiestrade business Y R A L U B A C O V TRADE It is his profession. his is It advertising, building, fashion, legal, manufacturing, manufacturing, legal, fashion, building, advertising, medical, music, shipping, teaching, tourism teaching, shipping, music, medical, the state of being occupied. being of state the an occupation requiring mechanical skill. mechanical requiring occupation an is a skilled occupation, especially in handicraft, in especially occupation, skilled ais architect. anof profession the as required,is training or education special inwhich occupation anis engaged;is one in which activity an means Example: Dressmaking is a useful trade. useful a is Dressmaking Example: ns. professio are Medicine and Architecture Law, Example: himself? choose he will ation occup Which Example: co cets librarian scientist actor He is a hairdresser (tailor, blacksmith) by trade. by blacksmith) (tailor, hairdresser a is He abilities. your to suited ation occup an for Look scooitelectrician psychologist VOCABULARY rfsinindustry profession inothers -ian
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23 2 HOE H CAREER! THE CHOOSE 2 CHOOSE THE CAREER! © ( l j Com plete the sentences (A-C) to make the rules. the make to (A-C) sentences the plete Com j l ( R A M M A R G advantages of the job was that it enabled him to find work almost everywhere in everywhere almost work himto find it enabled that was of the job advantages foreigners languages than foreigners to foreign English schoolboys. ... who hnh ... he When using brackets in verb the f Perfect. o form resent P the the r o ple im changing S y b Past file the ro p the plete Com summer holidays. His students ... students His holidays. summer ... he however,later, years Two England. in school A. We use the ... to mention about the events in the past. inthe events the about mention to ... usethe We A. C. We use the ... to talk about an action that began in the past and is still instillis and past inthe began that action an about talk to ... the use C.We e on ... soon He languages soat ...languages school, he JONES CHRISTOPHER Profile: B. We use the ... to talk about the results and completed actions or events that that events or actions completed and results the about talk to ... the useB. We ic te h ... he then Since hitpe oe sa nls agaetahr e ... Heteacher. language Englishis an Jones Christopher xmpe Iv en okn o hscmaysne 2002. since company this for working been I’ve ple: Exam present situation. present the explains which and stopped recently has that action an or progress years. 6 for town this in lived ’ve I ple: Exam present. the with connected are Exam ple: I visited my aunt last weekend. last aunt my visited I ple: Exam (offer) rsn efc, atSml, rsn efc otnos I Continuous Perfect Present Simple, Past Perfect, Present the world. First ... the he world. (finish) (find) aehsaraydn e oeok Look! homework. her done already has Jane David has been playing tennis so he’s really tired. really he’s so tennis playing been has David London. to been has brother My i a o tahn Egih o oeg suet drn te long the during students foreign to English teaching job a him e ... he his university studies, he ... he studies, university his (specialise) (be) ES REVISION TENSE oe neetd n ecig i on agae to language own his teaching in interested more year year in Arabia. After this he(go) ... to Greece where (decide) (go) n hs ok H ... He work. this in (be) to Africa for 2 years he... and then women of all ages and of various various of and ages all of women ih l kns f epe n t ajs to adjust to and people of kinds all with ... He next. there go be) he... to histake in French andGerman.degree ifrn wy o lf. o a h ... regret) he far So life. of ways different ... also He nationalities. adults and he ... heand adults to South America yet but he wants to wants he but yet America South to (work) his decision to follow this career. (begin) forthe last 3 He... years. forthe (meet) teaching in a secondary insecondary a teaching (enjoy) (find) someone by chance chance by someone (be) (teach) ht n o the of one that the work greatly. work the (learn) always good at good always e and men to get on get to (spend) (not, (not,
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( © 6 3 ) j j what you’ve been you’ve what doing this week. this doing questions about about questions answer and chat. Ask to decided has you of time? long a / wait / you 4 A:How long...... you phone the other for a for other the phone years. eight / English Istudy / 2 : o og . o ... you ... long How A: ... you ... many jobs How A: phrase in brackets. in phrase r n ar. l-lytest i . n tio a situ the ole-play R pairs. in ork W months! / book that read / you 3 w ith the verbs in brackets. in ontinuous C verbs the rfect e P ith w resent P the r o 5 How long (have you been living living been you (have long How 5 been have / written I(have 4 ti rdyeeig One evening. Friday Itis s h eetPerfect P resent P the Use :Aottit,myemr ... Imore maybe thirty,B: About 1 years. For three B: : ... IВ: 3 Mary (has been finding finding been (has Mary 3 Ron(worked 2 hoe h r dor o rd o w t c rre o c the Choose xmple: Exam 1 How long (have you had had you (have long How 1 W rite sentences w ith the P resent P erfect C ontinuous adding ‘fo r’ o r ‘since ’. ‘since r r’ o ‘fo adding ontinuous C erfect P resent P the ith w sentences rite W how long / they / go out together? out go / they long/ how I today? writing) an essay all day.all essay an writing) everything. difficult. found) a good good ajob. found) as a postman forthe aspast month.a postman forthe car? your having) been you do you live) in Kyiv?in live) you do (wait) she / work there / 2003 / there / work she h’ en okn hr ic 2003. since there working been She’s sne80 hsmrig n I’mfreezing. and morning, this 8:00 since /has It... been working) working) been (try) (stand)
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* We often use the Present Perfect Perfect Present the use often We * ш PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS PERFECT PRESENT We use the Present Perfect Conti Perfect Present the use We 6 7 she / work here / a long time? long a / here work / she 7 there? live / she / long how 5 you had? you there now.)there years. we use the Present Perfect. we use the Present How many English lessons have lessons English many suit? How that orn w you have sleeping? often How been she has long How much/many’ we‘how or If often’ ‘how ask long’. ‘how with Continuous and Dnipropetrovsk. and actions we use Perfect. the Present were in progress over a period of time in the past. With recently completed recently With past. thein whichactionsincomplete for nuous hyv ied nLhnk Donetsk Luhansk, in d live They’ve 12 for Kyiv in g in liv been have We I / rent this flat / three years. three / flat this rent I/ R A M M A R G ° T N I O P PRESENT PERFECT vs vs PERFECT PRESENT (We’re still there now.) there still (We’re R A M M A R G ------(Theyaren’t
2 HOE H CAREER! THE CHOOSE 26 CHOOSE THE CAREER! 1 | 4 LISTENING ’to unscramble’to tmymnsrdtr ... ministradator— stemsy onaat ... countacant— about. n te lis to g in o g are you naljourist — ... — naljourist m issin g from the sentences in exercise 4. exercise in sentences the from g issin m to guess it asking questions. asking it guess to srmbe tenme h obs b jo the f o es nam the ble1 nscram U Te l oka . . ... as work all They 4 work broad with professional isa She 2 are t a th ords w the tify n e Id pairs. in ork W 3 He chose this creative ... because he was ahe was because ... creative this chose He 3 What What are of andthe disadvantages advantages job? your father’s/mother’s Are parents your satisfied with present their jobs? are What responsibilities? their aof journalist? profession the characterise you can way What 4 get to need accountant an does Why 2 6 and documents allof safety the for ... is He 5 5 What does the occupation of a system administrator require? administrator system aof occupation the does What 5 for? responsible newspaper local some in works who isthe journalist What 3 s trie r e rtn a p Your . b a f jo o Think akwihaparnero tef l ng. g in w llo fo the on r e rtn a p a ith w Talk for ... this at working been already has plete She 1com and people three to Listen Listen again and answ er the questions. the education higher get er to necessary it Is 1answ and again Listen sentences. the All his ... respect him for his professionalism. his himfor respect ... his All creative person. creative 10 additional education? What ways can he/she get it? get he/she can ways What education? additional if you want to become an accountant? an become to want if you i! ii L years. ------Do you wear a uniform? a Dowear you car?a Dodrive you inoffice?an Do youwork ______Un'skraembl] Un'skraembl] — розшифровувати —
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27 2 HDE H CAREER! THE CHODSE CHOOSE THE CAREER! ® Chris USEYOUR ENGLISH qualifications. I’m going to apply for the job. for apply to I’mgoing qualifications. If they offer me the job, I’ll definitely take it. take I’lldefinitely the mejob, offer If they the I have Engineering. inB.Sc. a Ihave years. ten for company oil an for I’veworked 2 The pair The listwith longest the reads itIf aloud. have you2 the hear you onjob your P lay the vocab ula ry game. ry ula vocab the lay P 1 In pairs, try to write as many different jobs as you can in five minutes. in five can you as jobs different many as write to try pairs, In 1 M: I: M: I: M: brackets. in verbs the f o s form the changing y b w rvie te in the plete Com I: M: ) itn o h epewoetmae hei hne t ob. b a jo t e g to chances ir e th ate vacancies, estim ut who abo ents people the to advertism Listen spaper a) new r u fo Read I: Mary: Interviewer: Is Arabic a difficult language to learn? to language difficult aIs Arabic
Why did you want to take a year off? year a take to want you did Why Why did you choose Beirut? choose youdid Why What... list, cross it out. The pair with the listlongest with the left jobs is the winner. Very difficult! Especially the pronunciation. the Especially difficult! Very ... Well, BsclyI ... I Basically Bcuem ubn onadI . awy ... always ... Iand John husband my Because o’ nwmc rbcyt BtI ... I But muchyet. know Arabic don’t ... she andgreat October. She’s since to have a change and learn to draw draw to learn and change ahave to ic a itebtI . nvrral ... really never ... Ibut little I was since td rwn.S hs ... this So drawing. study (speak) ... IandFatima, ... I Also change. a (need) ... Ibut children ... he and teacher properly. (love) For about For about Aa utr n h agae onsa English an John’s language. the and culture Arab yu ... you English, which is lucky because Ibecause luckyis English, which (find) S,hwln ..yu ... you ... long how So, a fantastic art teacher, calledart teacher, fantastic a resume to Box 305, New Orleans, LA 70132.LA Orleans, 305, New Box to resume Five and Science of Bachelor Qualifications: 6 (want) Engineer. Important off-shore oil company.oil off-shore Important Engineer. months now. months (do) years’ experience in similar work. Send work. similar in experience years’ (have) here since you arrived? you since here (get) a (get) a break from teaching. I love teaching teaching Ilove teaching. from break a classes with her with classes job here in a language school. language ina here job (seem) WANTED: like the perfect opportunity opportunity perfect the like (live) (learn). here? (have) (draw and paint) and (draw qualifications, I’d apply for it. for I’dapply qualifications, I Ifhadthe qualifications. to chance the apply for it. I don’t have the have Idon’t it. for apply I like that job, but I can’t but I likethat job,
Dave esc * Jessica Floyd Darlene driver’s license and enjoy money. enjoy and license driver’s current aI have cars. about get it, I’ll have to move to New Jersey.to move to have I’llit, get I’m a mechanic, and I know a lot a I know and mechanic, I’ma and write Spanish. I’ll apply for the job. If I If the job. for apply I’ll Spanish. write and If they ask me, I’ll go with them. with go I’ll me, ask If they I am a native speaker of English. I can read Ican English. of speaker native aI am neetdi h o. I’ll the in job. interested get more information if information more get I call. If the salary’s If the Icall. good, I’ll apply. I’ll good, ’ 1 n I’m 19and I’m b) In each p a ir choose one person one choose ir a p each In b) Write Dick York, Box 96A, Winooski, VT 05679.VT Winooski, Write 96A,Dick York, Box Expedition from Burlington, Vermount,toNome, Burlington, from Expedition Alaska, by Winnebago Camper. Applicants must Camper. Applicants Winnebago by Alaska, E xplain y o u r choice. r u o y xplain E h a nuhqualfcaton tio a lific a u q enough t o g has who mechanics, and minimum $2000 for expenses.for $2000 minimum and mechanics, have current driver’s licenses, knowledge of of knowledge licenses, driver’s current have Two members needed for overland Subarctic for overland needed Twomembers native speaker of English and must be able be and must English of speaker native to read and write Spanish. Send resume resume Send Spanish. write and read to a be must applicant Jersey. The in New to Texxo Corp. Personnel Department. Personnel Corp. to Texxo olanadwr.Apiat utb vr 18. over be must work.Applicants and learn to Beginning computer programmer. Opportunity Opportunity programmer. computer Beginning Bilingual secretary for new office new for secretary Bilingual For more information call (312-14-18), call information more For A USEYOUR ENGLISH PERSONAL: WANTED: WANTED: cars I’d go with them. with I’dgo cars about something I knew If cars. about little very Iknow But license. Ihave іп р ■
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and a current driver’s driver’s current a and job, but I’m too young.I’m too but job, of English, but I can’t but English, of read or write Spanish. write or read I am a native speaker speaker native aIam I’m interested inthe interested I’m I’m only 17.I’m only Helen Jack To 2 30 CHOOSE THE CAREER! — 6 5 USEYOUR ENGLISH T cuain whc eur h olowi : g in w llo fo the require hich w occupations Pupil B, Pupil r n rus Ecag ni bu fer t n re iffe d about s n io in p o r u o y Exchange groups. in ork W R ole-play the s itu a tio n in pairs. in n A, tio a Pupil itu s the ole-play R M ention about: ention M • why you think this kind of career will suit you suit will career of kind this think you why • you it attracts why • need will you qualifications what • ieaprgahaou h aeryu udlke t olw. follow to e lik ould w you it about know you what career • the ut abo paragraph a rite W answer the pupil A’s questions and mention the advantages and advantages the mention and pupil A’squestions the answer you are speaking with a person who person a with speaking are you disadvantages of your your of job. disadvantages You can ask your partner: your ask Youcan works in the field which you may choose choose may you which field inthe works interpreter, an accountant, an editor, etc.editor,an accountant, an interpreter, an example, career,for future your as • what he/she advises you to do to become better acquainted acquainted better become to do to you advises he/she what • • where he/she got the necessary skills necessary the got he/she where • of lot a requires his/her job whether • with this trade or profession. or trade this with kolde euain practice); education, (knowledge, practice) education, (knowledge, skills • being risky being • inventive being • creative being • lot a travelling • • learning more learning • work manual doing • money of lot a earning • pressure under working • shifts night working • hours longworking having • early upvery getting • holidays long having • • helping people helping • people new meeting • indoors/outdoors working • a salary ['saelarij salary a atrs I Master’s a . I Bachelor’s a ['aephkantj applicant an • to apply for a job for apply to • W O R D ®- D R O W E L I F
degree It.W: - © 1 ) B r h )Ra n hoetretpsofwrtng haty fnd h tus ul fu se u st o m the d fin u yo t a th g ritin w f o types three choose and Read a) a) Get som e in fo rm a tio n and name the types the name and n tio a rm fo in e som Get a) ) opr n ics nwes t lsmate(s). classm r class. u the o y to ith s w g in ers d fin answ r r u u o o y y eport R c) discuss and Compare b) diaries making notes making diaries shopping lists making notes making lists shopping reminders from lectures from messages phone (instructions) notes family/friends to letters reminders recipes oryourwrtng i ii . s ritie rio p g ritin w r u o y r fo and s ty le s o f le tte rs m entioned in the text. the in entioned m rs tte le f o s le ty s and Personal & Social & Personal are: requesting or giving information, giving or asking for an opinion, an for asking or giving information, giving or requesting are: reasons common most The writing. for reasons onyour depends choice applying for a position, etc. position, a for applying your and letters of types various are There purpose. specific a for people There are three styles of letter depending on the person you addressed to: addressed you person onthe depending letter of styles three are There ідг-л?-»u ____ Any letter consists of: consists letter Any Letters are pieces of writing usually written to a person or a group of of group a or person a to written usually writing of pieces are Letters Writing 'people in'people authority ” ^ i” • FORMAL LETTERS are written to people you do not know or know not do you people to written are LETTERS FORMAL • not know do you people to are written LETTERS SEMI-FORMAL • family the of members the to written are LETTERS INFORMAL • ї well and to whom you want to show politeness and respect. or people you know well. know you people or people inauthority1.people essays summaries reports [D:'0Driti] [D:'0Driti] YE O WRITING OF TYPES Study Writing Study (Personal) while studying while 4 a CONCLUSION summarising the topic the summarising CONCLUSION a 4 the stating INTRODUCTION an 2 3 a BODY developing the topic of theof topic the developing BODY a 3 5 a PROPER ENDING PROPER a 5 1 a PROPER GREETING PROPER a 1 — керівники, — посадові особи and including some closing remarks closing some including and writing for reason(s) in a new paragraph new ain is written point new each where letter
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B: heYes, applicant. the ut abo hostel student a into ... Ibut years two first the for them with ... IВ: nf maton tio a rm fo in now. year third my I’min ago. years two ... IВ: staff, experience, profession, requires, application, apply, well-paid, salary, well-paid, apply, application, requires, profession, experience, staff, t the ith w form the plete com it is. it aywhtki d in k hat w y sa Copy and Copy n tio a rm fo in f o As for me,I am a secretary at a textile factory. We many receive letters of (9)..., First he ( he First it My isDenis is brother Although older sometimes aHismanager. is (4).... job My cousin Liza is an interpreter. She gets a good (1)... . Liza speaks . Liza (1)... good a gets She interpreter. anis Liza Mycousin ) ...... last September and I ... there since then, since there ... I and September last 8 )... a lot of teamwork. I know he is quite successful. I’m proud of him. of proud I’m successful. quite ishe I know teamwork. of lot a )... CK graduated, fluently, Master’s degree, offers, Bachelor’s degree Bachelor’s offers, degree, Master’s fluently, graduated, n scooyadt ( to and psychology in 6 )... from a university where he got (7) hegot where university a from )... YD SK1 UR yu rte/find) brother/ (your Name: Knowledge of English^ of Knowledge Experience: Lack of Experience: Experience: of Lack Likes The reason of applying: of reason The Dislikes: [ 12 (just/start) yu be) (you/ .. o psto fa esne mngr I manager. personnel a of position a for )... LLS lv, oe live) move, (live, (start) ...... neoois Denis’ ineconomics. і 2a 'a READING commitment highlight О write a letter of application of a letter write О □ describe your skills and interests and skills your describe □ L J present careers of some careersof present people J you knowL well L J use the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous Perfect Present the and Perfect Present usethe J L □ talk about advantages and disadvantages of d iffe re n t jobs t n re iffe d of disadvantages and advantages about talk □ ) ieqesin ortesnecsi (b). in sentences the r fo stions que rite W c) b) Com plete the sentences the plete Com b) a) Read the re s u lts o f the f o lts u s re the Read a) □ listen and listen understandrequirements about job □ B arrow below. arrow B n h i ae with w (a-e) t h rig the on lly e K ith w w ie rv te in h prpit u bers. num appropriate the Exam ple: What is the salary o f a ju n io r school teacher in Britain ? Britain in teacher school r io n a f ju o salary the is What ple: Exam Job: “Classroom teacher in a junior school in North London.” North in school ain junior teacher “Classroom Job: 28 Age: Skills: “I’m responsible for information and technology at technology and information for responsible “I’m Skills: three spent and Australia, from originally “I’m Training: Salary: “I survive comfortably on £ 16,000, but since I haven’t lived here for for here lived I haven’t since but 16,000, £on comfortably survive “I Salary: Name: Kelly Barrow Barrow Kelly Name: Hours: Hours: A YU ... YOU CAN I always month. a350 £ rent’s my London: North in a flat rent “I Expenses: read and understand job advertisements job understand and read the school, as well as teaching. The children are the are children The teaching. as well as school, the very long I don’t think I have as many financial commitments financial many as I have I think don’t long very pm.” 7at finishing course, computing Iado a week once and education.” of diploma my for training university at years Australia. I like to entertain and have parties. I’m trying to save £ 200 a200 £ save to I’mtrying parties. have and entertain Iliketo Australia. highlight month for a trip abroad.” trip a for month to telephoning of because 170— £ about bill phone enormous anhave ['hailait] ['hailait] “8 [ka'mitmant] [ka'mitmant] am to 5 pm. After class I work on the computers, the onI work class pm.5 After to am 1 of my day, compared with all the paperwork.” the all with myday,compared of — основниймомент IN ENGLISH? ENGLISH? IN — зобов’язання П I EC jno coltahri Britain:in teacher school Ajunior fnse oka bu.. o’clock about... at work finishes e d starts work at about... o’clock o’clock about... at work starts d day a hours about... works c year pound thousand about... earns a b trains trains b DSKILLS KYD -- Щ for... years es, y r CQn. r 2 as others.” others.” as V 4V 35 2 HOE H CAREER! THE CHOOSE 36 WHY GO TO SCHOOL? I l l T f i 4 3 1 TO SCHOOL? 6 WHfGO 5 particular through learning or experience or learning through gained have you that understanding and skills facts, the c particular 5 successful 4 3 th h rs t tedefnii . s n itio fin e d the 1 ith w ords w the atch M LJ 7 Everybody should realise that school is one of the main social main the of is one school that realise should Everybody 7 LJ LJ □ 5 School provides with opportunities to develop students’ talents. students’ develop to opportunities with provides School 5 □ □ 4 School is the place of formal education. formal of place the is School 4 □ LJ LJ J Schoolprovides young people 2 with critical thinking andsocial skills.LJ to acquire d being d the one that you are talking about, and not any other acquire to □ 1 Both the Internet and school provide students with knowledge. with students provide school and Internet Boththe 1 □ a curriculum . a to learn ordevelop knowledge, skills by to your learn aown effortsordevelop . curriculum a a the statem ents are true (T) o r false (F). false r o (T) true are ents statem the edteesyaanaddcd whether w decide and again essay the Read LJ a respect e admiration for someone, especially because of their of because especially someone, for e admiration respect a Q 5 What’s the difference between the Internet and school? and Internet the between difference the What’s 5 Q LJ LJ not? why / Why school? lifewithout imagine Canyou * J Doesschool deal only 2 withclass activities ondifferent subjects? LJ □ 1 Why do some students like going to school, while others don’t? others while school, to going like students some do Why 1 □ usually is reaction first their school, about students Ifask you • a knowledge b the subjects that are taught by a school or the things the or school aby taught are that subjects b the knowledge a r t t n ics h olowi ie s. item g in w llo fo the discuss and r e rtn a p a ith w ork W and m atch the questions (1-6) to the paragraphs (A-F). paragraphs the to (1-6) questions the atch m and edast ’ sa b tschoolo ae3 ckly k ic u q 37 page on l o o h c s ut abo essay t’s n e d tu s a Read skl11 6 very different. Why is that so? that is Why different. very 3 Friends are people with whom we time spend considerable going to school If you have an interest in going on to higher education you will find will you education higher to on going in interest an have If you 6 4 Where do we spend considerable time with our friends? our with time considerable spend we do Where 4 3 What way does school provide students with knowledge? with students provide school does way What 3 environments for young people. young for environments school as an interesting place interesting an as school What other skills does school develop except the educational ones? educational the except develop school does skills other What that are studied in a particular subject particular ina studied are that g having very good effect or result or effect good very having g f an ability to do something well, especially because you because especially well, something do to ability an f have learned and practised it practised and learned have personal qualities, knowledge or skillor knowledge qualities, personal 0 "There's more Inform ation on the Internet than- than- Internet the on ation Inform more "There's 0 @ school Is not only a place of form al education, It Is a place where students can can awhereplace Is students It education, al form of aplace only not Is school @ (B ) Knowledge Is ід-otju.st Inform ation but the organisation and Interpretation of of Interpretation and organisation the but ation ід-otju.stInform Is Knowledge ) (B (C ) it Is obviously, that some students like school, others th in k they hate It. For For It. hate they k in th others school, like somestudents that obviously, Is it ) (C ( © A fte r the home, school Is the m ain social social ain m the home,Is school r the fte A © 'a considerable e the teachers and schools books In the w o rld / some of us say, 'so, why go to to go why 'so, say, us of some / rld o w the In books schools and teachers the school?'. In m y opinion, there's more education In school th a n ju s t acquiring acquiring t s ju n a school th In education more there's opinion, y m In school?'. the group work, teamwork and games In class can help students define define helpstudents can class In games and teamwork work, group the provide can schools ation Inform provides internet the hile w ation. Inform themselves and the way they relate to others, it means that schools, unlike the the unlike schools, that means it others, to relate they way the and themselves In fo rm a tio n , , n tio a rm fo In knowledge. skills. parents, consider school boring and uninteresting. and boring school consider parents, not are who those, t u place.B attractive an Is school well, aredoing who students grade — their and teachers by pressed always are grades1and their with successful provide internet, develop their s k ills In social relationships, and Increase their tolerance and and tolerance their Increase and relationships, social In ills k s developtheir school or class party, or In school or Interschool sports competitions. Mow, m any any Mow,m competitions. sports Interschool or school In or party, class or school Everybody talents. Individual our demonstrate and realise time, same the at and, ) eachother.respect for utual m of the activities are organised through clubs. They provide a variety to the m ain ain m the to avariety provide They clubs. through areorganised a at activities the of performances musical and atic dram In part take to opportunity an has educational programs and can also be also enjoyed can and programs educational eua colhus ЛрЗлЕ we school people. t A young for environment hours. school regular excursions, concerts, parties and discos. and parties concerts, excursions, to together going e considerable3 tim wespend whom with best friends, out make A t school we can enjoy different cultural and conftdence-bulldlng activities activities conftdence-bulldlng and cultural different enjoy we school can t A тут) т у (т [kan'sidarebl] [kan'sidarebl] which can be achieved through be achievedthrough can which оцінка LjouM) — — значний people with knowledge, critical th in k in g s k ills and social social and ills k s g in k in th critical knowledge, people with a a good schools curriculum , besides, besides, , curriculum schools good away to realise ['ri:alaxz] realise to • It is obviously is It • [pra’vaid] provide to to acquire [a'kwaia] acquire to L mutual [’mju:tjual] [’mju:tjual] mutual particular [pa'tikjala] [pa'tikjala] particular an opportunity [,Dpa'tju:nati] opportunity an a curriculum [ka'rikjalam] [ka'rikjalam] curriculum a ia a m illio n schools atл-d schools я n 11In illio m a from school and outside outside and school from - ° D R D W E L I F reading 3 H G T SCHOOL? O O H C S TO GO WHY 3 38 WHY GO TO S C H O O L ? t f 5 Otherwise Steve READING 9 What extracurricular activities do you or your friends take part in? part take friends your or youdo activities extracurricular What 9 8 6 teachers? and parents your by pressed you Are 4 7 Do you use the Internet? What for? What Internet? the use you Do 7 classmates? your among have youdo friends many How 5 10 Do you take part in any sports competitions? sports inany part take Doyou 10 well? doing youare subjects In what it? hate he/she does 3Why school? hates who anybody know Doyou 2 1 Do you like school? like you Do 1 W ork in pairs. Take turn s asking and answ ering the questions. the ering answ and asking s turn Take pairs. in ork W Read the B ritis h teenagers’ o p in io n s o f th e ir schools. ir e th f o s n io in p o teenagers’ h ritis B the Read Compare them w ith y o u r own opinions. own r u o y ith w them Compare Can the Internet help in your study? Prove. study? inyour help Internet Canthe htgae ote e nms ujcs InEnglish? subjects? most inget they do grades What on my desk Melanie 1 1agovernment M atch the w ords in the b o x w ith th e ir d e fin itio n s below. s n itio fin e d ir e th ith w x o b the in ords w the atch M otr Imtyn o.. Spanish. ... to I’mtrying 7doctor. Mrin told were we as do to ... soon We 5 swim. to ... Mary 4 colleagues. experienced more her of work the bywatching doctor abe to ... She 3 Hughes’ class! Hughes’ You 1 sentences. the hoe lan suy n t n orecttnefr ocmplete com to form tense t c rre co a in it t u p and ‘study’ r o ‘learn’ Choose 8 6 4 7 5 3 2 1 primary school, private school, secondary school, state school state school, secondary school, private school, primary a l:Mr a ere h om well. poem the learned has Mary ple: xam E lines or numbers words, facts, learn We English? learning been you hairdresser. a have be to long How learning I’m ple: Exam it.do to how know and skills practical some get we that so something learn We Exam ple: We learned the details later. details the learned We ple: Exam out’. ‘find meaning inthe something learn can We heart).by (often Where did you learn to drive? to learn you did Where We learned about it from newspapers. from it about learned We boarding school, graduate, head teacher, nursery school, nursery teacher,head graduate, school, boarding (university) (school) But: Y R A L U B A C O V T N I D P . is a person who has finished university and has a degree ahas and university hasfinished who person isa. school.aof ‘boss' isa. sleep. and eat,live, pupils where school isa. from children older for school a is. from children young for school a is. of age the at children young very for school a is. pay.to have you where school non-government a is. . is a school paid by the government by the paid school a. is (e.g. ineconomics). (e.g. must... [’gAvanmant] to go to school, to be at school at be to school, to go to this poem. 2 We m ust... the map before we start our our journey. start we before map the ust... m We 2 poem. this student a be university,to at be to 6 Mike ... medicine at college because he wants to be abe to hewants because college at medicine ... Mike to learn to — уряд— 8 ..t ieabk hn I five. was when bike aride to ... I ! E T O N 11 1 4 which gives free education. education. free gives which to to VOCABULARY 18. 11 years old. years 1 We study something so something study We 1 A t 17 he moved to Kyiv to moved he 17 t A theory the get we that attending classes at classes attending subject the of science at school.at science study to choose girls of doctor. a be to studies Robert ple: Exam college). or school it and about books reading by (especially to study law there. law study to n rti esta 10% than less BritainIn 1-4. to study to 40 WHY GO TO S C H O O L ? 2 1 GRAMMAR 6 if... plane a get won’t We 4 7 He’ll be late for work if... work latebefor He’ll 7 salary... my IfI first get 5 well... exams my IfI pass 3 if... party biga I’llhave 2 Exam ple: If you drop that plate, it will break into a million pieces. million a into break will it plate, sentences. l that a n drop itio you If d n ple: co 1st Exam up make to atch M Com plete each sentence in y o u r own way. own r u o y in sentence each plete Com 1 If I don’t get into university... into I get If don’t 1 Exam ple: I f you smoke too much, you will die. will you much, too smoke you f I ple: Exam acomma.use don’t we sentence, the of middle isinthe ‘if When comma.a Conditionals are two parts sentences which are connected with the wordthe with connected are which sentences parts two are Conditionals ‘if’. With all conditionals, when we start the sentence with ‘if, we must usemust we ‘if, with sentence start the we when conditionals, allWith ‘if’. You’ll fail the exam if... exam You’llthe fail he doesn’t know the answer • \ • she probably will fail the exam the fail willprobably she • \ • answer know the doesn’t he Exam ple: You w ill catch the bus i f you leave now. leave you f i bus the catch ill w You ple: Exam Note: We don’t use comma in the sentence.inthe comma use don’t We Note: 1 st Conditional = Future Simple (or Modal + Infinitive) + if + Present Simple Simple + if + 1Present +(or Infinitive) Modal st Simple Conditional = Future Exam ple: I f you leave now, you w ill catch the bus. the catch ill w you now, leave you f I ple: Exam Note: We use a comma after the ‘if-clause’. after the comma ause We Note: about.sure are we things about predictions make it touse also canWe infuture. the happen will something that possibility strong the express to 1stConditional usethe We 1 st Conditional = if + Present Simple + Future Simple (or Modal + Infinitive) 1+(or Infinitive) Modal Simple +st Future Conditional =Simple if + Present you don't want to read it • • you can get something to eat to something get can you • • it read to want don't you R A M M A R G П Р I give you my number • • it will break into a million pieces milliona into break it will • • number my Iyougive I Carla doesn’t study • \ • he can find the answer for you for answer the canhefind • \ • study doesn’t Carla You will be fat i f you eat fish and chips everyday. chips and fish eat you f i fat be will You you drop that plate • • I’ll throw the magazine away magazine I’ll the throw • • plate that drop you you call them now • \ • you can still get the early train early the get stillcan you • \ • now them call you T N she arrives late • • you can call metomorrow call can you • • late arrives she you are hungry • \ • you can tell them you’ll be latebe you’ll them tellcan you • \ • hungry are you 1st Conditionals (Умовні речення 1-го типу) 1-го речення (Умовні Conditionals 1st o ------you hurry • • she will miss the opening ceremony opening the miss will she • • hurry you CONDITIONALS (Умовні речення) (Умовні CONDITIONALS I a 4 5 3 4 shall see / the history museum / old / things / if / We / isopen.if / We/ / things / oldmuseum/ history the/ see shall 4 2 by bus / Ben / to school / if / he / will come / come hewillif / / is/ schoolBen to/ bus/ by late. 2 off.isturned if fridge the spoil food The 4 will If we so, increase. to continue probably will population world’s The a) 4 xmple: Exam 5 Mary / to the theatre / won’t go / cannot get / if / she / aticket. she/ if / get / cannot go/ won’t / theatre the to Mary / 5 als. / square the / if youwindow. the / of / not see ition willout look You/ / cond 3 1st make to r e rd o ct rre o c the in ords w the ut P rains. if itcan wet gets ground The 7 6 store? the tobike your take Iif will IsitOK 5 anything. eat not Iif will hungry Iget 3 dictionary? your borrow Iif will mind Do you 2 3 a) It’s likely there is life on other planets. If so, we are notalone, are If weso, planets. other lifeonis It’sthere likely a) 3 2 a) Other intelligent beings might inhabit the Universe. If so, they would be would If they so,Universe. inhabit the might beings intelligent Other a) 2 rettetnefr h eb n d omk 1tcn to als. ition cond 1st make to ld o b in verbs the f o s form tense the orrect C 1 If / he / Albert / will go / can / his / bicycle, / repair / cycling.repair / / bicycle,his / / can/ go will / he If Albert / / 1 m eaning to the sentence (a). sentence the to eaning m 1 Will you call me if I’ll give you my number?my you give I’ll if mecall you Will 1 o lt h etne()i ec rs hati hsasi l r ila im s a has it t a th so ir a p each in (b) sentence the plete Com 1 a) There aren't many TV programmes about science, so people don’t know don’t people so science, about programmes many TV aren't a)There 1 4 He’ll be late for the train if he ... ( ...heif train the latefor be He’ll 4 7 I’ll be very angry if he ...if he angry be I’llvery 7 6 2 5 If you put on the kettle putthe on If you 5 3 ple: Exam Com plete the sentences b y changing the form o f the verb in brackets. in verb the f o form the changing y b sentences the plete Com 1 If he ... If he 1 Will they read this magazine if I could leave it? leave Iif could magazine readthis they Will If he ... If he ... If he If you come late they ...late they If come you )I h ol’ ouain . oices,w .. morefood. ... we increase,to ... population If world’s b)the not alone. ... we planets, other onlife ... If there b) b) If other intelligent beings ... the Universe, they ... very different from us. from different very ... Universe,they the ... beings intelligent If other b) b) If there ... more TV programmes about science, people ... more about it. about more ... people science, about programmes TV more ... If b)there very different from us. from different very need morefood,need much about it. about much Don’t wait for me if I will be late. be I if will me for Don’twait If she ...If she (be) (go) (like) If she needs a radio she can borrow mine. borrow can she radio a needs she If on telling lies nobody will believe a word hesays. aword believe nobody will lies telling on late we’ll go without him. gowithout late we’ll the house will he buy it?buy hehouse will the [need) ...I a radio she can borrow mine.borrow canshe radio a (not let) (not (make) (make) any more mistakes.more any you in.you not start) not the tea.the at once.at o’ atfrm fI if me for wait Don’t GRAMMAR am am late. 41 3 H G T SCHOOL? L O O H C S TO GO WHY 42 WHY GO TO S C H O O L ? 2 1 LISTENING 4 They take the national General Certificate in Secondary Education exams at exams Education inSecondary Certificate General national the take They 4 sentences in exercise 4. exercise in the from sentences g issin m are 2 The 1st schools to which children go are called called are go children which to 1st schools The 2 5 To enter the British university you should should you university British To the enter 5 4 Many pupils at the age of 16 leave school and go to a college to choose choose to college ato go and school 16leave of age the at pupils Many 4 years.5 11-12lasts andof age the at starts education secondary ... 2 3 They leave their primary school when they are they when school primary their leave They 3 uhu a ou aearayko b tshool n ritain. B in ls o o sch ut abo n know already have u yo hat w up rush B Teshosweeppl ieadsuyaecle .. schools. ... called are study andlive pupils where schools The 9 8 schools. ... to go cent per 5 less than Only 7 6 exams. level ... pass should university a enter to decide who Pupils 5 education secondary their get children British Most 3 t a th ords w f o type the 10 Many people believe that children should have equal ... at the start. the at ... equal have should children that believe people Many 10 tify n e Id pairs. in ork W hoe h i tm. hc t ’ nwers. answ r’s e rtn a p r u o y Check . item t h rig the Choose 1 In Great Britain school begins at the age age the at begins school Britain InGreat 1 Piayeuainicue natshosad . schools. ... and schools infant includes education Primary 1 etne t the ith w sentences Listen again and again Listen w ords from the box. the from ords w the plete com n xrie 1. exercise in Listen and check and Listen pyouras ers answ r u o y up Private Private pupils schools where of 13-19 years olds study are... schools. called Britain.in children all to ... is education Secondary the age the a) take ‘A ’ level exams b) attend preparatory course c) take GCSE exams GCSE take c) course preparatory attend b) exams level ’ ‘A 16 c) take a) 18 b) 11 a) a) secondary schools b) ju n io r schools c) infant schools infant c) schools r io n ju b) schools secondary a) ) b 1 c 10 c) 11 b) 8 a) more practical more ) - b 45 ) 6-7 c) 4-5 b) 5-6 a) available, public, compulsory, boarding, comprehensive boarding, compulsory, public, available, courses, independent, opportunities, Advanced, junior, Advanced, opportunities, independent, courses, of... . .... of...... at... school. 6 T 5 • Which school Which • with more than 50 international ... organisations. ... international 50 than more with years. profile 3 then • What types of of types What • start children do age what At • Ukraine? in compulsory school Iselementary • country? inour education of system the about know youdo What • different qualifications: ... specialist (Bachelor’s), specialist and Master’s Master’s and specialist (Bachelor’s), specialist ... qualifications: different gives education Higher institutes. and universities schools, training vocational by ... is education schools. ... and lycees gymnasiums, appeared: are There schools. between slightly varies ... school middle The 5. school basic and years 4 lasts ... Primary education. school has three stages: ..., basic and senior.and basic ..., stages: three has school W ork in pairs. Take tu rn s asking and answ ering the questions. the ering answ and asking s rn tu Take pairs. in ork W Degree. Higher education is either state funded or private. Ukraine cooperates cooperates Ukraine private. or funded state either is education Higher Degree. schools of types New secondary and primary their throughout building school same in the study usually Students school’. ‘... 10-12are while ‘...school’, as to referred secondary and Primary ways. different in ... is education primary, secondary, higher and post-secondary education. Com plete the te x t w ith the w ords from the box. the from ords w the ith w t x te the plete Com subjects do youdo subjects in Ukraine? in there are schools country? inour school have? Why? have? As a rule, schooling begins at the age of of age the at begins schooling rule,a As Post secondary secondary Post Ukrainian isThe system educational into organised four levels: Primary school comprises ... 1 to 4. Grades 5-9 are usually are 5-9 Grades 14. to ... comprises school Primary . Post-secondary ... is education secondary General Schooling in Ukraine in Schooling 6 . LISTENING educational compulsory curriculum schooling available provided primary private senior junior basic 3 44 WHY (3□ TD S C H O O L ? 4 2 1 'optional < 4 SPEAKING b) P resent y o u r ideas fo r one o f the statem ents above to the class. the to above ents statem the f o one r fo ideas r u o y resent P b) r n rus Dics tef l ng. g in w llo fo the iscuss D groups. in ork W the disagree r o Agree groups. in ork W a) • What would you change about the system of education in our country? inour education of system the about change you would What • 4 What exams have you taken youhave exams What 4 5 What are your plans for future? the for plans your are What 5 pa b tyoursholing. schoo r u o y ut abo Speak 3 Have you ever changed schools? Why? schools? changed ever you Have 3 it? was school What 2 What kind of activities do • youhave at Doschool? you inparticipate any of them? • Would you like to be a teacher? Why? / Why not? Why / Why? teacher? abe liketo you Would • happened? What Why? When? school? for late been ever you Have • • How do you prepare for lessons? Do you often forget to do your homework? homework? your do to forget often Doyou lessons? for prepare you doHow • it? like you do Why subject? favourite isyour What • • What does your classroom look like? Would you like to change anything anything change liketo you Would like? look classroom your does What • 1 When did you start school? start you did When 1 akwihyourparnero tef l ng tms. item g in w llo fo the on r e rtn a p r u o y ith w Talk Girls study better Without boys in the class. inthe better boys Without study Girls school.at want they whatever wear children let should schools All Boys study better in a mixed class.mixeda in better study Boys better than state schools. state than better Private schools are usually are schools Private g ro u p ’s argum ents and why. and ents argum ’s p u ro g ttmet eo. iedwnatl st a le t a n dow rite W below. ents statem he esn orec ttment. statem each r fo reasons three h tesshoul lst adsyif heyareordsge t your u o y ith w disagree r o agree y e th f i say and n te lis ld u o h s others The student? hard-working a you Are (are going to take)? to going (are class? your about [’Dpjanl] [’Dpjanl] — необов’язковий; — факультативний p. Another important point is that... isthat... point important Another Finally... should be optional1.be should Physical education education Physical Yes, but... I don’t agree... agree... Idon’t but... Yes, there. point a got You’ve Agreeing The problem’s problem’s The ? of... opinion your What’s about...' think youdo What opinion an for Asking Great minds think alike. think minds Great I don’t think so. think Idon’t but...... Maybe, sure.Not Disagreeing too.so, I think that. with along I’dgo about...? feel you do How » L U F E S U S E S A R H P that... ------ 1 6 П home get Ifl 4 □ П 2 П school primary start won’t She 1 fe] 2 4 [[] 5 I think I’ll go on holiday onI’llgo I think 5 [[] 3 1 M atch to m ake the sentences. the ake m to atch M 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3 I’ll have to go to a new school new a to go to have I’ll 3 a) abilities a) a) infant a) a)secondary a)secondary a) writes a composition composition a writes a) a) behave well behave a) a) pays for school for pays a) a) education education a) a) successful successful a) a) class a) a) obligatory obligatory a) a) higha) a) go a) a) grammar tasks grammar a) Her parents will get her a present a her get will parents Her exams her pass won’t She the teacher only when they do (13) do they when only teacher the Teaching in the country is usually very informal. very usually is country inthe Teaching ( they college, a get subjects. Pupils take an active part inpart active an take Pupils subjects. ) (4 pupil the year school every of end the Students often work together in groups and go togo and ingroups together work often Students School ) (5 doesn’t he Many different sports are also are sports different Many ( If he more. in six years or four school, in years six spend Americans education. USEYOUR ENGLISH At the end of their time at school, most students students most school, at time their of end the At At more ( more At Americans have always aimed for equal (1) equal for aimed always have Americans r rsorprssfo telstblw. below t lis the from r phrases o ords w t c rre o c (11)... b) nursery b) b) primary b) b) learns a poem a learns b) b) do well b) b) behaves well behaves b) b)books b) advanced b) b) school b) b) available b) b)secondary b)take (7)... b) their homework b)their onnortunities 8 school diploma. If they want to go togo to If want they diploma. school 6 isfree. )... ) 12 ...... American Schools American ...... level pupils can choose some choose can pupils level )... , he has to repeat a year once year a repeat hasto , he college admission tests. admission college he goes into the next class. next the into hegoes f if I pass my ‘A’exams my levelIpass if f e if she isn’t four years old years isn’t four ifshe e hard study doesn't she if d c I’ll do my homework at once at homework my do I’ll c myexams I if finish a b if she gets good marks good gets ifshe b (3)... (10)... c)success c) elementary c) c) junior c) takes a test a takes c) c) pay for school pay for c) c) does well does c) c) subjects c) c)fundamental c) extracurricular c) c) equal c) or high school. At high or c) primary c) c) make c) c) need help need c) ...... (9)... (2)...... activity. b in If 45 3 H G T SCHOOL? L O O H C S TO GO WHY USE YOUR ENGLISH USE YOUR ENGLISH 3 3 Work in pairs. Look at the diagrams below. 4 Work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions. ? L O O H C S TO GOWHY a) Compare the system of education in the USA and Britain. 1 How long have you been studying English? 2 What was your last English course like? class UK school school c',hnni — US class 3 How did you get on with the other students? 4 Have you tried learning any other languages? How did you find it? NURSERY SCHOOL © NURSERY SCHOOL (optional) 5 Who’s the best language teacher you’ve ever had? Who’sthe worst? or KINDERGARTEN (optional) o reception class e KINDERGARTEN Read the article and choose the sentence (A-D) that best fits each gap (1-4). INFANT year 1 first grade SCHOOL © year 2 o second grade English is the language of international communication in many ELEMENTARY third grade areas of life: trade, air and sea transport, tourism, sport and year 3 o SCHOOL fou|1h gra(Je entertainment. More and more people also need 4 year JUNIOR PRIMARY o English for studying at universities and colleges. A In particular, you year 5 SCHOOL SCHOOL 0 fifth grade New ideas in science, technology and medicine should try to talk to year 6 Ф sixth grade happen so quickly that it is impossible and very other students from expensive to translate everything into different your own country year 7 JUNIOR seventh grade © languages. (1) ... who have been to HIGH SCHOOL eighth grade year 8 © Millions of people around the world want to learn a language school SECONDARY Ф ninth grade (freshman) English. Many of them come to Britain and other to find out what year 9 SCHOOL English-speaking countries to study at language you should expect. year 10 © HIGH tenth grade (sophomore) SCHOOL schools, especially in the summer. There are В So most things are year 11 eleventh grade (junior) © thousands of different schools. They offer courses published in year 12 • SIXTH FORM © twelfth grade (senior) for children, teenagers and adults. (2)... English, and if you year 13 COLLEGE freshman You should always try to find out as much want to keep up information as possible before you choose a school with the latest first year (fresher) sophomore © (3)... UNIVERSITY or COLLEGE ideas in any second year © junior POLYTECHNIC If you go to a language school, you should try to subject, you need third/final year © senior speak English as much as possible. Students usually English. stay with a local family. (4)... C This is a good b) Draw a diagram describing the system of education in Ukraine. You should also try to mix with students from other opportunity to Speak about it in class. Mention about: countries. This will help you with your English, improve your pre-schc and will also show you how important English is for English and to 2 primary i international communication learn a lot about 3 seconda everyday life. 4 compuls D There are courses 5 subjects in General English, 6 exams t; Technical English, 7 private s Business English and so on. і 47 з USE YOUR ENGLISH WRITING I 6 Work in groups. Discuss the following. 1 Put the structure of a formal letter in the correct order. J • Why is English important? ? L O O H C S TO GOWHY a stating reason(s) for writing 1 Q Greeting □ • What are some pieces of advice given to choose a good course? i *» What way can you reach better results while learning English in Britain? 2 [ J Introductory paragraphs u writer’s full name m 3 П Body 4 Q Concluding paragraph □ 7 Work in pairs. Choose one of the courses from the ads below. Explain writing closing remarks h your choice in class. Use the 1st Conditional whenever it is possible. 5 Q Ending o a If they offer..., I’ll attend... If they provide... I’ll choose.. formal greeting >■ I’ll prefer... if they organise... I’ll apply to... if they arrange. x qualifications and reason for applying for a course Situated in a pleasant area of the city close to the river. Convenient for North Wales and the English Lake District. Work in groups. • Courses in English run all year. Discuss the situation • Part-time courses available in the evenings/days. rO ^1 and do the task below. • We will arrange accommodation with an English family. і о о о c а о о о o a о о о o a o a о о о о о о о c о ,e о о о о о о о o a q c o-o о о о о о в о o You received a Master’s degree in Art History from the University of The college is in the centre of Bristow. Cambridge. You are very ambitious and eager to continue your studies. The • Full-time courses at all levels, from beginners to advanced, MA Classical Archaeology Courses offered by the University of Durham seem from September to June. to be an outstanding opportunity for you. • Visits arranged to places of interest. • Excellent range of sports offered. • Students arrange their own accommodation in flats and houses. іоеооооооаооооооооаоаааооооаоооопааоооооооооооооа Shepton College is in the centre of London .„formation conies close to underground and buses. ^ • Classes are offered all through the year. • Daytime English courses up to ten hours per week. c o ^ development Evening classes of four hours per week. - interest in 1П дrt • Extra classes offered in English for Business. , a Mas'er’s<' 9 university • Students arrange their own accommodation in flats and houses. Match History tro m tn e u n }. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooeobooooooooooooooooo each item of CambndQ® Situated in West London close to bus and underground. Courses run from September to July (daytime only). Special courses available, e.g. English for Business. AlVV^^ Course • Summer school in July and August. • Accommodation r n 2 education . T e ^ n g me reason arranged in student rn з e*Per'ence . hostels. Й * sW»s.4ua№es Б f t 5 closing rem arks Tovjn Museum 50 WHY G P TO S C H O O L ? 3 WRITING June, June, rhelg eatet r department Archaeology faculty of Humanities of faculty university of Durham Durham of university MA forthe Archaeology offered Whitby Whitby &> Henley for the for tru netme. A)I (A inSeptember. startup ------■»»—rr* v>ear P ut the p a rts o f the ‘A p p lic a tio n fo r the C ourse’ in the c o rre c t order. t c rre o c the in ourse’ C the r fo n tio a lic p p ‘A the f o rts a p the ut P і am 0 1 0 2 sir / r i s writing writing by by next academic year academic next street street © your university your Classical Madam, il ob hc a enm ihfrmn years. many for wish beenmy has which worb, field classical period. Furthermore, it would give me the opportunity to do to opportunity methe give would it Furthermore, period. classical Course would enable me enable would Course cultures. professional development and development professional Course enjoyed have been working as a curator a as beenhaveworking secondary school I-passed school secondary Classical Literature. Classical nin year, from S i i S J y „ „ to classical I am am I apply apply nee the University University the was was my job my (F ) | ) (F I believe that taking a place on the MA Classical Archeology Classical MA the on place a Itaking believe that the completion completion the 8 2 g)yusfihul, , w , I faithfully, yours ) (g (d) I ^ ( g years old and old years awarded a Master's degree., have always been havealways degree., Master's a awarded ТУ* У 'Т art, literature literature art, | • )|, enormously. However, l feel t need to continue my continue tneedto However, feel l enormously. of Cambridge. I continued my studies and studies my continued I Cambridge. of to gain gain to of m y studies y m of forward to hearing from you soon. you from hearing to forward (Ve got a bachelor's (Vebachelor's a got to admission for me xeine I experience. details of my qualifications and work and qualifications my of details and languages. As languages. and three A Level three A l expand expand nls y TZesume my enclose a htyTw uem ihave Town Museum, whitby at very valuable new insights into insights new valuable very hope that hope that my at Cambridge Cambridge at xm: History exams: knowledge knowledge the the Catharine M. sHellew a student at whitby at student a degree in A rt History rt A in degree ...... you w ill consider ill w you with further further with course. I Look I course. nvriy I University of classical of , Latin and and Latin , interested @ 9 ^ the the last A j □ Students live in college rooms rooms college in live Students □ including programme social Full □ only) (mornings schools Summer □ hae n the in phrases som e o f the f o e som i n h i t. h rig the on t lis f o r tte le r u o y a m odel and odel m a detsments advertisem on page 50 as 50 page on application. rite W below. s h eter tte le the Use Choose one o f the f o one Choose by the college. the by or with families. with or August. during sports and hobby clubs provided provided clubs hobby and sports (full-time). June to September !ourses at all levels, all at !ourses Full-time courses in EnglishFull-timein courses ...... advancedto (daytime only). OLE E LLEG CO courses fromcourses beginners with Business Studies.withBusiness Part-timeandfull-time XORD R EXFO owe College owe Helpfindinggivenin SeptembertoJune. Classes run fromrunClasses or roomtheor area.in by beautiful countryside beautiful by the sea and surrounded surrounded seaand the places of interest of places Trips arrangedTrips to ...... ГТ* ..... Exford is beside beside is Exford T-. .. . I have taken / taken have I . / • I would like to apply for apply to like would I odacriiaei ... in certificate a hold I mwiigt pl o diso t h orei ... in course the to admission for apply to writing am I I look forward to meeting you meeting to forward look I oeta o ilcnie ef r... fo me consider will you that hope I Please contact me regarding... me contact Please I enclose further details o f my f o details further enclose I qualifications... n te sea. the and countryside countryside look forward to receiving your response... your receiving to forward look Yorkshire Yorkshire the North North the but near near but centre, centre, d e s s a p // - Accommodation in the the in Accommodation - social events other Trips and - schoolin August. summer Full-time - classes full-time and Part-time - - Complete beginners part-time only. part-time beginners Complete - near pleasant countryside. pleasant near аї О3 «ОТ3» їш та in the Midlands Midlands the in town ais small Daunston o m І і і ііе О ІЛ toum. Situated in the centre of Chesford. “’“ft Oxford and London. Cambridge. to Trips organised local families is ujith Accommodation and euenmgs. daytime September to June, to September from offered English courses cp y... m f o copy a college or with families.J collegewith or arranged regularly. arranged to June. September from available / completed the... completed / a place on... place 5 / / !f*hesford hearing from у from hearing п Ш Ш Т а Ш WRITING - £ 3 H G T SCHOOL? L O O H C S TO GO WHY R SKILLS H G T SCHOOL? L O O H C S TO GDWHY N J 1 Match the words with their definitions. □ □ 1 compulsory a able to be used I u 2 comprehensive b a kind of education in which pupils of different (Л 3 available abilities go to the same school □ 4 to learn c to go regularly to a certain place I- 5 to study d must be done because it is the law □ Ш 6 to attend e to get the theory of the subject >■ f to get some practical skills I A A very broad curriculum is characteristic of the first three years. At GCSE £ GRAMMAR boys study seven subjects and three options from thirteen and at A Level I2 Complete the sentences by changing the form of the verb in brackets. from five to six subjects from a range of thirty. 1 I ... (help) tomorrow if you s till... (need) help. В At 6 am and 10 pm usually. However, we like boys to arrive from 8 am and 2 If my parents ... (not work) on Saturday, we all ... (go) skiing. after school, they can work in the library till 5 pm. 3 If the weather... (be) fine next weekend, we ... (go) to the country. C The modern languages are French, German, Spanish and Russian. And 4 I always ... (help) you this year if you ... (need) help. one of the first three can be chosen as the first language studies with the 5 Granny sometimes ... (not hear) if little Eddie ... (call) her. opportunity to start a second language in the Third Form. It is difficult to say. It depends on whether Hampton is right for the boy as LISTENING much as whether the boy is right for Hampton. Each year there are large Listen to the conversation. Put‘T’ i f the numbers of applicants who take the entrance exam. statement is true, and ‘F if it is false. They are in forms of about 25, usually less, some a little more. Each Form П 1 Mike thinks that the exams were very easy. has a Form Tutor1. П 2 Pete agrees that exams were easy. All boys can choose the sport they wish to play. In the First Year, they can П 3 Pete thinks he failed in some exams. pick football or rugby. In the Third Year, they can also row. The summer П 4 Pete is going to read books now. games are cricket, tennis and athletics. Swimming and badminton are П 5 Mike is going to enter the university in October. available, too. П 6 Pete has got to pass A level exams. П 7 Pete is very successful in his study. C A N Y O U ... IN EN6LISH? IvT - v«. I «"• П 8 Mike likes reading too much. | [ read and understand about education П 9 Pete doesn’t know whether to go to university or join the army. j [ listen and understand about schools READING | [ talk about school life Read the interview about Hampton School and refer the answers (A-F), ГЛ understand and use the 1st Conditional en by the school headmaster, to the questions (1-6). I— I ask fo r opinions about educational systems, 1 When does school open and close? — agree or disagree with them 2 How are the boys organised? [ j express your own opinions about schooling 3 What about the curriculum, GCSEsandAlevels? □ write an application letter for the course study ^ 4 What languages do you teach? 5 Do you have to play a particular sport? ______' 7 6 How easy is it to get in? 1а tutor ['tju:ta| — учитель, наставник, консультант 53 NPfflF IIP N *®І_ READING CUISINE . ? ( 1 ) a) Work in pairs. List as Traditional British Meals already) depending upon its size and the Z w many food items as you social position of those eating it. $ can for three minutes, In the morning an Englishman has his It is well-known that every national 5 z b) Compare your lists favourite breakfast of cornflakes with cuisine has got its famous specialties. It <( with other pairs. Find > milk and sugar or porridge followed by isn’t possible to imagine some holidays r the winner with the П 2 longest list. fried bacon and eggs. Breakfast is and celebrations without them. For c generally a bigger meal than they have example, Christmas Pudding for British (П Z (^2 ) Look and name the on the Continent. Some marmalade cuisine means very much. Some English z dishes. Speak on how PI might be spread on the toast and butter. people could dispense2 with the turkey often you have them in your house. Perhaps some fruit will also be eaten. and goose, but a Christmas dinner in For a change one can have cold ham, or Britain without a traditional Christmas perhaps fish, some coffee and a roll. pudding would be strange indeed! leaves them without free room for the The main meal of the day is called The Christmas pudding is a direct more important meat course. dinner. Dinner is eaten either in the descendant3 of the old time plum Afternoon tea one can hardly call a middle of the day or in the evening. If it porridge, beloved by English people in meal. This may mean a cup of tea and a is eaten in the evening (about 7 pm), the the Middle Ages. cake taken in the sitting-room or at midday meal is called lunch (about 1 Nowadays, in addition to the basic work. For many Englishmen it is a pm). If dinner is in the middle of the mixture of flour, bread-crumbs and eggs, social occasion when people often come day, the evening meal is called supper. the ingredients of Christmas pudding in for a chat over their cup of tea. But The usual midday meal consists of include raisins, currants, candied peel, some people like to have the so-called two courses — a meat course chopped almonds and walnuts, grated ‘high tea’ which is quite a substantial accompanied by plenty of vegetables. carrot and a good measure of brandy, meal. They have it between five and six After it comes a sweet pudding or some whisky or old ale4. o’clock. In a well-to-do family1 it will stewed fruit. Most Englishmen like what consist of ham, tongue and tomatoes and they call good plain food. Usually they salad, or kipper, or tinned salmon, or have beefsteaks, chops, roast beef and sausage, with strong tea, bread and fried fish and chips. They are not butter, then stewed fruit, or a tin of overfond of soup, remarking that it pears, apricot or pineapple with cream and custard, and pasties, or a bun. The evening meal goes under various names: tea, ‘high tea’, dinner or supper (as we Read the article have mentioned (pages 54-56) and name: • all the meal times in Britain ’well-to-do family — заможна сім’я • the ingredients of Christmas 2to dispense with [di'spens] — обходитися (без чогось) Pudding 3a descendant [di'sendant] — нащадок 4ale [eil] — пиво, ель 4 56 NATIONAL CUISINE the pudding is quite a ceremony with with ceremony a quite is pudding the turns to stir and make a whisk. make stir and to turns taking family the of members the all time comes for heating it on it heating for comes time the until stored is pudding the hours, the table on a large dish, big, round round big, dish, a large on table the to is brought it when Day Christmas pudding is covered with white sauce white with iscovered pudding Christmas The dark-brown. and burning in brandy. burning warned to eat carefully because because eatcarefully to warned bell and a silver horseshoe1 a and bell been have sixpenny bits, shillings, a tiny silver a tiny shillings, sixpenny bits, put in it. Those who find the ‘treasure’find the it.who inThose put are supposed to have money in the money have to supposed are O Ь в v n J в tOЬе is the bell gets year,coming whoever mamed mamed horse-shoe horse-shoe theand traditional isthe good luck.good of sign READING In many households the mixing of of mixing the households many In After being boiled for several for boiled being After Receiving each slice, the guests areguests slice,the each Receiving to stew stew to include to (of) consist to a specialty specialty a occasion an course a cuisine a W R o- D R □ 'W E L I F [stju:] [ka:s] [ka:s] [kwi'zi:n] [kwi'zi:n] [in'klu:d] [in'klu:d] [’spejalti] [’spejalti] [а'кеїзп] [а'кеїзп] [kan'sist] [kan'sist] liquid[’likwid] horseshoe Exam ple: An occasion An ple: Exam Wa osago li od mean? plaingood What food’ does‘a 4 in slowly something cook to means ... something what say to used is ...... means to make somebody or somebody make to means ... 6 connected is occasion social What 5 infind we can ‘surprises’ little What 3 cook to method isthe What 2 questions. the ering answ and very always is that of food kinda is ... cooking. of style particular a is ...... is... one of the partsseparate of a meal. Read the a rtic le again. le rtic a the Read 1 What food was beloved by English by beloved was food What 1 W ork in pa irs. Take tu rn s asking s rn tu Take irs. pa in ork W table. the plete com and Copy thtewod rm the from ords w the atch M r l ot rdefnii s. n itio fin e d ir e th to ile F ord W 4 high tea high 4 3 afternoon tea afternoon 3 2 1 What does ‘high tea’ consist of? consist tea’ ‘high does What breakfast main meal main with afternoon tea? afternoon with a slice of Christmas pudding? Christmas of slice a nowadays? pudding Christmas people in the Middle Middle Ages? inthe people good in a particular area particular ina good something part of a large group. large a of part something restaurant). (or liquid2. of.made is of the day the of Mealtime [’ho:sJu:] social event or ceremony. or event social —рідина —підкова elteBiih 1 British the Meal usually eat usually is important important is ® (V) 7 )7 1trotters['trotszl — ніжки mlyntsi holubtsi kholodets borshch 2 Do national Ukrainian dishes differ from those of English? of those from differ dishes Ukrainian national Do 2 edadgeswhta riinspeci t ec aarp entions m paragraph each lty ia c e p s krainian U a hat w about. guess and Read r n rus Dics tef l ng. g in w llo fo the is What 1 iscuss the between meals difference inandmeal-times D England andUkraine? groups. in ork W domashnia (кулінар.) varenyky kovbasa deruny A Ravioli-like pasta stuffed with potato, with stuffed pasta Ravioli-like A domestic sausage, but it can’t be calledbe it can’t but sausage, A domestic Ukrainian of nodescription — Pork fat Soup based on beetroot with meat andmeat with beetroot on based Soup flour and fried; served with sour cream. sour with served fried; and flour and potato grated made from Pancakes Cabbage rolls stuffed with rice andrice with stuffed rolls Cabbage experiencing it for yourself with the sights the with yourself it for experiencing varieties. and smells of the markets of Ukraine. of markets the of smells and saliami. The only way to sample true sample to way only The saliami. dish. sweet aas cherries with or cheese, or meat mushrooms, cabbage, version. smoked isthe delicious Especially salt. and it. without becomplete would cuisine regional many are There cream. sour with served vegetables; other oven. spiced with possibly or vegetables, are pancakes batter. Thinner lighter afor milk soured with made often Pancakes, home-prepared sausage is byis sausage home-prepared garlic with bread black on slices thinin It’seaten skin. the into rubbed are Spices it. for befat to pigs their like Ukrainians inthe slowly stewed and meat, minced or jam. fruit usually stuffing, a with served androlled are which nalysnyky, called bone the off trotters1.picked is meat The pigs' boiling from made brawn Itais it cools; served with horseradish or or horseradish with served cools;it as ainto jelly it around sets gravy the and mustard. READING 4 57 AINL CUISINE NATIONAL VOCABULARY GRAMMAR ( 1 ) Match the word combinations with the pictures (A-F). 4 G R A M M A R AINL CUISINE NATIONAL POINT*- 2nd Conditionals (Умовні речення 2-го типу) We use the 2nd Conditional to express things which are very unlikely or impossible. We can also use it to describe imaginary actions for unsatisfied conditions in the present. 2nd Conditional = if + Past Simple + would/could + Infinitive If I were you, I would choose roast beef. I would cook fish with vegetables if I had one. ------NOTE! In speaking we often shorten With the 2nd conditional, pronouns + could/would the verb to be in the past time with contractions: is always expresses as were. I’d go to the restaurant if I had the time. Incorrect: I wouldn’t go to the party [D] boiled rice □ roast chicken □ baked potatoes I’d = I would / 1 could if I was you. П grilled sausages Q fried eggs Q] steamed vegetables we’d = we would / could Correct: I wouldn’t go to the party you’d = you would / could if I were you. Put two of the words in the box into the correct column. he’d I she’d = he / she could / would they’d = they would / could beans, duck, lettuce, peaches, prawns, salmon, sausage, strawberries ( O Complete the sentences by changing the form of the verb in brackets. meat fish/seafood vegetables Exam ple: He ... (buy) a better house if he had more money. He would buv a better house if he had more money. 1 She ... (get) a better job if she took time to look for one. 2 If we had tickets, we ... (go) to that concert. З Д Complete the sentences with the adjectives from the box. 3 I ... (forget) about it if I were you. fresh, frozen, home-made, low-fat, raw, spicy, sweet, takeaway 4 If Dick and Jean were here, they ... (enjoy) the museums. 5 If you ... in a hurry, we ... (get) there on time. Food which is kept very cold is ... . These eggs are ..., I bought them today. 2 ) Put the verbs in brackets in the correct forms to complete the sentences. I like my mum’s cooking. ... food is always Exam ple: If you ... less, you would lose weight, (eat) the best. If you ate less, you would lose weight. This tea’s very .... You’ve put 1 We would put more English dishes on the menu if we ... an English chef in too much sugar in it! the restaurant, (have) Indian food like curry 2 If I ... you, I’d prefer pudding for dessert, (be) is very .... 3 We could cook more dishes if we ...... food is food you buy at more various ingredients, (have) a restaurant and take home to eat. 4 If I had plums and brandy, I ... a Sushi is made with ... fish. Christmas pudding, (make) People on a diet often try 5 If you ... more cream, I’d decorate to eat... food. the cake with it. (make) 4 NATIONAL CUISINE ) t 5 3 R A M M A R G 4 5 Wihfo ..yu . ( ... you ... food Which 2 WihEgihds ..yu . ( ... you ... dish English Which 3 6 4 5 3 They would try harder if you would gave them motivation. them gave would if you harder try would They 3 I banwork. would world, the of Emperor the IfIwas 2 opt h n ondii s hnigtefr oftevr nbrackets. in verb f the o form the changing y b ls a n itio d 1 n co 2nd the Compete R ew rite c o rre c tly changing the w ords o r phrases in bold. in phrases r o ords w the changing tly c rre o c rite ew R 4 1 5 sentences. make to atch M 3 If you didn’t need oxygen, ... we could get there more quickly.more there get could we ... work.to get to helicopter buya ... oxygen, need didn’t If you 3 I’d expensive, less Ifit were 2 4 9 The child will not be able to sleep if he has a hightemperature. ahas he if sleep to able be not will child The 9 8 flowers. the water to have dry, we keeps If weather the 7 6 5 3 He will let me know if he goes to Kyiv.to hegoes if know me let Hewill 3 rooms. the heating start they cold, If itgrows 2 1 I’d see a dentist if ... she would get better marks. better get would she ... if dentist a I’dsee 1 xmple: Exam nelc ton. n itio d n co unreal f o 1 Change the fo llo w in g sentences o f re a l co n d itio n in to sentences to in n itio d n co l a re f o sentences g in w llo fo the Change fyu ... If you I will visit her if I had more time.more I had if her visit Iwill hnwudyuhv usata eli o ... if you meal substantial have you would When hc tm ol o hoei o ... if you choose you would items Which I would visit you if I would have the time. the have I if would you visit I would smoking. stop if you healthier be Youwould We could get there if we have a bicycle. a have if we there get could We If the storm is over, we shall have a pleasant walk. pleasant ahave shall over,we is storm If the If Mary studied harder, ... you could live underwater. live could ... you harder, studied IfMary If we had a car, ... I still had any teeth. any had ...I still car,ahad If we We shall not see anything if the night is very dark. isvery night if the anything see not shall We snow.of becleared will streets the If itsnows, The dog will catch the stick if it is thrown into the river.into the isitthrown if stick the catch will dog The slowly.so heif walks late be will Harold an English breakfast? English an I shall take a bus if I am in a hurry.ina I amif bus a take Ishall I should take a bus if I were in a hurry. a in were I if bus a take should I (be) in England, what dishes would you taste? you would dishes what England, in prefer ) to eat if you were hungry? were if you eat )to help to) help if you were in England? in if were you (be proposed) (be (be) in England? in (T ) ) (T 2 4 JP4 ) ) Do the que stionna ire in pairs. in ire stionna que the Do Can you name: you Can • seven things which are usually on a table in a restaurant? ina table a on usually are which things seven • milk? from made are which food of kinds three • fruit? green one and fruit yellow one fruit,red one • • Can you cook? What do you know how to make? to how know youdo What cook? you Can • salad? ain put can you vegetables six • meals? between eat people things five • breakfast? for have people things four • eat? doesn’t vegetarian strict a that things two • • What is your favourite dish? Do you know how is it cooked? ishow know Doyou dish? favourite your is What • house? inyour cooks Who • akwih t n h olo ing. llow fo the on r e rtn a p r u o y ith w Talk b) Listen to the ra d io program m e and say w hat in g re d ie n ts a pancake a ts n ie d re g in hat w say and e m program io d ra the to Listen b) L isten again and give in s tru c tio n s about cooking pancakes to a partner. a to pancakes cooking about s n tio c tru s in give and again isten L Take turns. Take co n s is ts of. ts is s n co Food Questionnaire Food — especially chocolate Easter Easter chocolate especially — in children Easter,at Then sweets. eating stop to example, for something, up give to time a Wednesday, and many people many and Wednesday, it’s Christians For Easter.before day before ‘Shrove Tuesday’. ‘Shrove before day onthe special something eat on begins Lent eggs! Britain eat lots of sweet things sweet of lots eat Britain In Britain they eat pancakes. eat they BritainIn Lent is the period of forty days of forty period isthe Lent LISTENING Lent 61 I T A N 4 62 NATIONAL CUISINE 5 LISTENING and serve with fried with serve and bread to it.to bread again boil pan; another into sieve a through and sugar and run it run and sugar and season with a little salt little a with season of pint aand broth of keeping it stirred; skim it;skim it stirred; keeping up,boil milk; boiling well mi* of flour, spoonful a over minutes ten them in; add 4 pints (2 litres) (2 pints 4 add in; aadd then fire; sharp bunch of parsley; pass parsley; of bunch pound of ham and aand ham of pound aof butter,and of pound aof quarter a with pan four and carrot one turnips, three onions, potatoes, put them into ainto put them potatoes, three pieces small Peel and cut into very into cut andPeel c) D ivide in to new g ro u p s o f three p u p ils w ith d iffe re n t recipes. Tell each Tell recipes. t n re iffe d ith w ils p u p r u o three y f o in s p u dish ro g the k new o co to ’d in u o y ivide D how c) t u o ct a Then recepe. r u o y Read b) a) D ivide in to three groups. W orking in a group, choose one o f the three the f o one choose group, a in orking W groups. three to in ivide D a) group. herhw o ookteds ou edaot Uetelst ofi edi ts n ie d re g in f o ts lis the Use about. read u yo dish the you. k o co help to to how r e th o d iffe re n t recipes below. recipes t n re iffe d Vegetable soup Vegetable For group For group A over them. over little salt sprinkled sprinkled salt little awith table to Send sieve.a on drain and lay them to lay them and up them take crisp; are they until them and keep moving keep and potatoes of slices as soon as the lard the as soon as and fire quick aon lemon; a slice would boils put inthe put boils put be should pan The dripping. or lard in fry and dry them them cut or thick into shavings as youas shavings into inch an of quarter slice them about a about them slice Peel large potatoes, large Peel Potatoes fried fried Potatoes For group В For group in slices in fat from top andtop from fat serve. simmer water; gently for three three for gently hours; remove the the remove hours; of pints 4 add little a sugar; of tablespoonful a sliced; andpeeled onions of tablespoonfuls pepper and salt; and pepper rice; 4 middle-sized middle-sized 4 rice; pieces; six pieces; into cut pork soaked of pound cut beef soaked (800 gr.) of gr.)of well- (800 about into Put into a saucepan ainto Put Stewed beef beef Stewed For group C For group 8 and pork and pieces; apieces; 2 pounds 2 r ( V j j V ( r ----- ) T ( ( з ) Do Do ) з ( (V) (V) ) 2 ' yo u lik e and dislike. and e lik u yo 8 answ er the questions. the er answ d o fo ut abo Speak 1 reasons. r u o y Give W ork in pairs. A s k and k s A pairs. in ork W 4 Decide what is the best restaurant for you from those from you for restaurant best isthe what Decide 4 gallery ina work your Display 2 3 Ask your mates to decide which which decide to mates your Ask 3 owner the are you that Imagine 1 ngopsoftredsus h olowi . g in w llo fo the ss discu three f o s group In • Do you think an English restaurant would be a success if it opened in your it if opened success bea would restaurant English an think youDo • food? English of think youdo What • Prepare a recipe fo r any U krainian dish. krainian U any r fo recipe a Prepare Make notes and p re se n t it in class. in it t n se re p and notes Make Do the national Ukrainian dishes differ from the English ones? English the differ from dishes Ukrainian national Do the What What is the meals between difference and mealtimes in England andUkraine? What are your your are What about say you can What What is your favourite dish? favourite isyour What tea’? ‘afternoon English is What follow? doyou meals of order What mealtimes? hospitality? Ukrainian What do you generally take for the first (second) course? (second) first the for take generally youdo What your restaurant a name. Write name.a restaurant your Give restaurant. good very aof menu? the about What guests? the for table the lay you How would courses, side dishes, salads salads dishes, side courses, least three at Offer menu. a to, and why.and to, works.of desserts. and main starters, for each items that your mates displayed. Give your reasons. your Give displayed. mates your that town? Why (not)? Why town? restaurant they would like to go tolike would they restaurant h oj t Folow h nstuctons. s n tio c tru s in the w llo o F ct. je ro p the What I mean is... Imean What are... I prefer... reasons The One of the reasons why I’d choose why reasons the of One I’d say ... is better because... better is ... I’dsay I think ... is interesting because... because... interesting is ... I think S E S A R - H o P L U F E S U Explain Your Choice Your Explain SPEAKING isthat... 63 AINL CUISINE NATIONAL 64 NATIONAL CUISINE j jj) ( (^4) (^4) (^ Г T) ) (T 3 2 USEYOUR ENGLISH ) ) ) a) Read the in fo rm a tio n and d iscu ss it. ss iscu d and n tio a rm fo in the Read a) Make a lis t o f fo o d o r dishes yo u associate w ith the c o u n trie s below. s trie n u o c the ith w associate u yo dishes r o d o fo f o t lis a Make 4 W ... We 2 5 Compare it w ith a partner. a ith w it Compare Thanksgiving? eat for usually in people America what know you Do • breakfast? English traditional order if you get you do What • Se.. ( ... She 3 • What do you know about traditional British food? British traditional about know you do What • food? Chinese tried ever you Have • tea? English tried ever you Have • omae2dConditionals. C 2nd ake m to W ork in p a irs. Take tu rn s asking and answ ering the questions. the ering answ and asking s rn tu Take irs. a p in ork W 1 Com plete the sentences b y changing the form o f the verbs in brackets in verbs the f o form the changing y b sentences the plete Com 7 We often buy ... food on Fridays — either Chinese or Indian food.Indian or Chinese either — Fridays on food ... buy often We 7 too isit because food Mexican like doesn’t She 6 4 5 3 I love ... food but I don’t have much time to cook.to time much have I don’t but food ... Ilove 3 cooked. are they when than vitamins more have vegetables ... 2 Com plete each sentence w ith a w o rd in the box. the in rd o w a ith w sentence each plete Com 1 fI ... IfI If dinner... If dinner... fI ... I If His ... is terrible: he eats too many sweet things. sweet many too eats he isterrible: ... His I’m very busy so I often just buy a ... meal and heat it up in the microwave. inthe up it heat and meal ... abuy Ioften just so busy I’mvery She likes She specialties of English cuisine. English of specialties green salad. green (have) (have) (can serve) (can stay hungry) stay her... (be) h S,Cia Fac, tl,Jpn Mexico Italy,Japan, France, China, USA, The nEgihCoeyBo ... I Book Cookery English an etc,clr,ccmesadprlyI ... I parsley and celery,cucumbers lettuce, well done. well ed e ... we ready — one English proverb says. There is a wide range of of range wide ais There says. proverb English one — a wonderful cake if he ... heif cake wonderful a if she ... if she some parts of the world, but are not eaten in others.in eaten not are but world, the of parts some in popular are foods menu.the All this them offered once millionaire eccentric Antaboo. are foods certain societies In some country. to country from differ invited guests from several countries to a banquet and banquet a to countries several from guests invited nutritious foods in the world. However, eating habits eating However, world. in the foods nutritious (sit) (be) around the table at once.at table the around in Mexico because she hates spicy food.spicy hates she because Mexico in (prepare) (not spoil) (not .... some delicious delicious some it. (make) a tasty tasty a T) IT ( • 5nail • • Frogs' legs • • Pigs' feet • • Shellfish • • Caviar • • Bird's nest soup • • Shark fin soup• • Sea-weed soup • b) W ork in groups. E xpress y o u r opinions. r u o y disagree, xpress r E o Agree groups. in below. ork W ents b) statem the Read a) b) Loo k a t the m enu and answ er the que stions below. stions que the er answ and enu m the t a k Loo b) tradition in England of eating in restaurants, restaurants, in eating of England in tradition nois there that, true but disappointing, probably will they dishes, English typically say ‘Fish and chips’, then stop. It is It stop. then chips’, and ‘Fish say Greek... Some will say that this is because because is this that say will Some Greek... In restaurants. Italian and French Chinese, prices. reasonable with restaurant English good a find to difficult isit So home. at is found cooking English preparation. such to itself lend doesn’t food the because but this is not quite the true. the not quite is but this themselves, ‘cuisine’ no have English Mexican, Indonesian, find also you’ll London 5 P U 0 5 If you ask foreigners to name some name to foreigners ask If you nms iisi rti o’lfn Ida, | Indian, find you’ll Britainin cities Inmost — What unusual things are eaten in our country? Has country? our in eaten are things unusual What — in? popular are they countries which know Doyou — eaten? have you itemswould Which — eaten? have you could items which there, been hadIf you — 5TARTER5 Which items couldn’t you have eaten? Why not? Why eaten? have you couldn’t items Which Would you eat them, if you were starving? if were you them, eat you Would Ukraine got a national dish? How do you make it? make youdo How dish? national a got Ukraine • • Tripe • (cow's stomach) • Black pudding • 100 (made from blood) -year-oldeggs Jellied• eels • Octopus • FI5H USE YD U R ENGLISH • Brains • • Whole stuffed • • Grilled • songbirds • Roast snake • • Bat stew • • horsemeat • • Chocolate-covered ants Chocolate-covered • • Salad of flower petals flower of Salad • camel AM OUR5E5 CO MAIM DE55ERT • Kangaroo • • Whale • • Roast dog • • Pork • • Beef • • Lamb • • Veal • AINL CUISINE NATIONAL 4 66 NATIONAL CUISINE USEYOUR ENGLISH letters C B A A В C o h oj olowi tei r i . s n tio c tru s in the g in w llo fo t c je ro p the Do to illustrate your food your illustrate to about. are writing you cuisine letters! theall ABC design of your your of design drinks. and contain should table below.The booklet. Draw a table like in the example example inthe like table aDraw Decide what kind of booklet you are going to compile: to going are you booklet of kind Decidewhat inclass. pictures the draw or Find natural the about Findout Present your booklet booklet your Present 'A Z’. to your Produce the Discuss • an A to Z of Ukrainian cuisine cuisine Ukrainian an of Z A to • cuisine European anof Z A to • national British an of Z A to • cuisine Christmas and eggs and Food or or Food a drink a pudding bacon ale « o # Pictures e t Countries Country / Country The problem is that... is problem The Ithink... honest, be to Well, We could say..., but also... but say..., could We On the one hand one On the because... view, that share Idon’t with... agree Ican’t completely... Iagree think... Idon’t that... agree Iquite ttesm i ,... e tim same the At It may be tru e .... However,...... e tru be may It It’s true that..., but... that..., true It’s Britain Britain Britain Giving a balanced view view balanced a Giving Agreeing Agreeing S E S A 0- R L H U P F E S U Description of dishes dishes of Description or gastronomy items gastronomy or drink. which contains dried contains which a traditional of dish fruit, spices and often and spices fruit, eggs. and bacon of It is an old-fashioned old-fashioned anisIt dinner. Christmas of part a slices fried includes It breakfast. English main popular isIta brandy. It is served as served isIt brandy. It is a plum pudding plum Itais I Disagreeing Disagreeing ...... On the other... On the ® 2 ;) ( 1) 1) ( 'narrative [’naerativ]'narrative розповідний — chrne[s'irn]—псіонсь ’expository[eks'pDzitsri] пояснювальний — ’coherence[kso'hiarans] послідовність — In p a irs m ake com plete to p ic sentences. ic p to plete com ake m irs a p In reasons. several for 21be should car a driving for age legal The 4 5 A good teacher has 3 important characteristics. important 3 has teacher A good 5 concerts. tonight’s for sold were tickets twenty Only 2 Scnayeuaini Ukraine.in education Secondary 3 ob odbdt c etne Why? W sentence. ic p to good/bad a be to 1 Our school trip last September was a complete trouble. complete a was September last trip school Our 1 ihoftef l ng etne woudyou onsder e sid n co u o y uld o w sentences g in w llo fo the f o hich W W ork in pairs. G et som e in fo rm a tio n and discuss it. discuss and n tio a rm fo in e som et G pairs. in ork W expository3. narrative2,and paragraphs: descriptive of types main three are There also also have: unity, coherence completeness, Itcan paragraph. aof end the indicates sentence concluding The experience. personal author’s the or statistics figures, facts, main points of the paragraph. It is very helpful to the readers. the to helpful Itisvery paragraph. the of points main the summarise or words indifferent sentence topic the paraphrase quotations, reasons, examples, giving by topic the explain sentences These sentence. topic the develops paragraph a of body The h oi etneitoue h oi sbet faprgah It paragraph. aof (subject) topic the introduces sentence topic The structure. specific very ahas paragraph A In addition to the 3 basic structural parts, a well-written paragraph must must paragraph In parts,to a 3 the addition basic well-written structural have a clear point of view.of point clear ahave should it case In any opinion. or idea attitude, writers the content may of a longer piece of writing such as an essay.anas such writing of piece longer aof paragraph A in writing. organisation of unit basic ais paragraph A develops a topic. A paragraph can stand by itself or it may be a part bea may it or itself by stand can paragraph topic.a A develops It consists of the 3 basic parts: 1 THE TOPIC SENTENCE TOPIC THE 1 parts: basic 3 the of Itconsists 3 A Fast Fast Close Close ood F і і м гіе Р ...... 3 THE CONCULDING SENTENCE SENTENCE CONCULDING THE 3 sentences) (supporting BODY THE 2 1 and logical ordering. WRITING 67 4 AINL CUISINE NATIONAL ..L r* u i cr r* V v n 1 1 □ Cl^ll 1C WRITING Kb . 4 Read and identify the type of each paragraph. VOCABULARY 4 AINL CUISINE NATIONAL 1 ) Complete the text with the words or word combinations in the box. Scones are a popular and traditional part of British afternoon tea. They are easy and fun to biscuits (x2), roast turkey, ‘good plain food’, tea, fish and make. Before you start, you need to prepare all the chips, Christmas pudding, substantial, main course, fruit pie, ingredients: 200 grams of flour, 1/4 teaspoon of salt, soup, roast beef, beef steak, have a chat, occasion 50 grams of butter and 1/2 cup of milk. This will be enough for 9 to 10 scones. First, put the flour The English like what they call .... They must be able to recognise what and salt into a bowl and work the small pieces they are eating. Usually they like ..., roast beef, Yorkshire pudding and .... of butter into the flour and salt with your Afternoon tea is taken at about 5 o’clock, but it can hardly be called a meal. It is fingers. Then, add the milk quickly and mix it. a cup of tea and cake o r... .At the weekends afternoon tea is a special After that, take the mixture out of the bowl and Friends and visitors are often invited to... over a cup of tea. make it into a large flat shape on a table. Next, Dinner is the most... meal of the day. It is cut it into 9 to 10 round shapes and put a little usually eaten at 7 o’clock. The first course may milk on the top of each. Finally, cook them in a be ... (though the English don’t like it very hot oven (200°C) for 7-10 minutes. Serve the much). The ... will often be fish or meat, perhaps scones with a traditional cup of tea in the the traditional... of old England, and a lot of afternoon. vegetables. The next course will be something Ukrainian cuisine is very varied, and Ukrainians sweet and often cooked, such as a ... . Last of are famed for their hospitality. The food reflects all there may be cheese, often with .... not only the range of national dishes, but also It is common knowledge that the English are the contract that Ukrainians have had over the very fond of... . They like to have ‘a nice cup of centuries with neighbouring tea’ 6 or 8 times a day, sometimes even more. peoples. In recent years, On Christmas Day a ... is traditionally cooked for dinner. It is usually followed by ... . Long international cuisine before Christmas housewives begin to has begun to make its presence felt and fast-food plan what cake to make for Christmas. Usually they make fantastic Christmas outlets have made an cakes. appearance. GRAMMAR ------Read the list of topic sentences and choose mtmmr one to write a paragraph in 80-100 words. ( 2) Complete the sentences by changing Use the appropriate type of paragraph the verbs in brackets to make 2nd Conditionals. and the corresponding type of ordering. 1 If I ... (be) in Bukovyna, I ... (help) myself to brynza. 1 Breakfast with the President started as a perfect day. 2 If I ... (have) some dried fruit, I ... (make) uzvar or kysil. 2 A substantial breakfast is an essential foundation for 3 I ... (can make) kvas if I ... (have) some dried bread. a successful day for the Ukrainians. 4 If you ... (be) in Poltava, you ... (be invited) to taste Ukrainian borshch with 3 In recent years a number of restaurants, bars and halushky. cafes have opened in Ukraine, offering excellent food 5 If you ... (ask) me what dessert I’d like to have, I ... (mention) about apple with high standards of service. pie first. 69 CHECK YOUR SKILLS CHECK YD U R SKILLS READING 3 ) Read the recipe and put Listen to the interview. Then read the statements below the steps below in the and p u t T ' for the true statements and ‘F’ for the false ones. correct order. ] 1 George opened up a restaurant in Canada. >* □ 2 They mainly serve international dishes. г Ш CH 3 George thinks everybody knows the English to be І , Я excellent cooks. □ 4 The chef of the restaurant is Argentinian. _ □ 5 They have traditional English breakfasts and typical * ‘ Л English desserts on the menu. і...| J 6 English dishes are not much popular in Argentina. / BORSHCH |~~| 7 George misses a wonderful French cheese — Roquefort. / Put the chopped beetroot,carrots ] 8 Stilton is English blue cheese. and green beans into a saucepan with about 2 litres of water and cook for a while. Then,add the rest of the vegetables, dill and salt and cook until vegetables are tender, adding more water if necessary. Fry the finely chopped onion in oil in a small frying pan and add flour. Stir until smooth. You use this to thicken the soup; add this to the borshch when the vegetables are cooked. Add some cream and the freshly chopped garlic and cook for CAN you ... IN ENGLISH? 0 - Уе*. I can. about 5 minutes more. Adjust seasoning if necessary. Serve. Q read and understand about meal-times~and dishes ~ I—I understand and share recipes П Prepare thickener. CD talk about national cuisine [~~] Taste, add salt. □ understand and use the 2nd Conditional |~] Add the rest of the cabbage, potatoes, I I discuss eating habits tomatoes, onion and dill and let them cook. ] Serve. [~ j describe dishes and gastronomy items Add thickener to borshch. □ write a paragraph about eating habits or a dish I~l Add cream and garlic, and cook. ЦЦЦ 11«». jwu ] Cook the beetroot, carrots and green beans in 2 I of water. READING physical components of the system. These components are mechanical and 5 OMNCTO TECHNOLOGI S IE G O L O N H C E T COMMUNICATION electronic. a) Make a list of ten inventions and decide on: 3 The central idea of a computing system is that input is processed into □ □ • the best invention butput. Input is data which is entered into the computer, and output is the _j • the worst invention □ result of processing done by the computer, usually printed out or displayed z • the most important invention to you in your daily life on the screen. Different computer systems can be called computer I u b) Compare your list with a partner’s one and discuss the results. platforms. 111 4 The potential uses of computers are infinite1. We can mention some of the h z 1 Look at the different uses of computers. Choose what you like to use most common current uses of computers in everyday life: personal, □ computers for. Add two more ideas. educational and commercial. 5 People use the Internet to explore their personal hobbies and interests, to < 1 send emails 3 do schoolwork 5 do shopping G 2 write letters 4 surf the Web 6 play games find information, to access goods and services, such as booking a holiday or z a flight, ordering books and DVDs or doing their banking online. Computer □ I Read the article quickly. Refer each paragraph (1-8) to its heading (A-H). users make contacts and keep in touch with people all over the world using I email or Internet telephony, send photos to family and friends through email □ 1 Computers have become a vital part of everyday u П A the necessity attachments. In the world of leisure, computer games and multimedia (audio of computer life. You can find them in business, science, or video) are very popular. Many Internet users actually add to the Internet by skills medicine and in schools, and perhaps even at making their own homepages using HTML code, the language which allows I I В the potential home. A computer is an electronic machine which to create web pages. Other users write and publish blogs. A blog is a uses of can be used to store, process and display data. website where a user creates and regularly updates a journal that reflects the computers There are many types of computer and among them views of the writer. Internet users may also enjoy making their own podcasts I I C two main are: a personal computer (or PC), which can be a for others to download and enjoy photos, music and video. elements desktop with a tower case or a desktop computer 6 In schools and universities students use wordprocessing programmes to of a computer with a desktop case, a laptop (that is smaller than a write essays and projects, presentations and databases. The Internet is system desktop), a notebook (that is like a laptop but is also an important educational tool, and is used in distance learning. Online П D different types smaller), a subnotebook (that is even smaller) and learning is popular, it uses the Internet as a medium for instructions and of computer a handheld computer which is usually called a educational development. A Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is a П E e-commerce palmtop. There are embedded computers which software system designed to help teachers in the management of I I F the central are found inside other machines such as educational courses for their students by creating a virtual classroom. It is a idea of fridges and cars, for example. virtual place on the Internet where teachers and students can meet and use computing V 2 A computer is just a machine but a electronic learning tools such as videoconferences, online classrooms, system computer system consists of two whiteboards, chat rooms and so on. ] G personal % main elements: the machine and 7 E-commerce (business conducted on the Internet) is use of programmes, or hardware becoming an ever more important part of our lives. computers j and software. Through its website, a company can offer computer П H the use of ‘Hardware’ refers users the opportunity to order and pay for goods \\ to the and services using their credit cards on the w% \ computers in education Internet. Graphics and desktop publishing (DTP) V programmes are important tools in professions > ’infinite [’mfinat] — нескінченний, безмежний X - 72 ■ Ч к I S 74 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES READING © 4 ’literate dentf tebscparts a p basic the tify n e Id o ue 18 adr er fe re and (1-8) puter com a f o them to the w ords below. ords w the to them b) Com plete the sentences. the plete Com b) a) Read the a rtic le again and p a y a tte n tio n to the w ords in bold. in ords w the to n tio n tte a y a p and again le rtic a the Read a) 8 There are many career choices in your future that cannot be available beavailable cannot that future inyour choices career many are There nutadi i y necessary. f i ry a n tio ic d a onsult C for employees with computer knowledge and training. If you are a computer computer a are If you training. and knowledge computer with employees for without computer skills. The growing use of computers increases the need the increases computers of use growing The skills. computer without literate office.inan used paper of amount appointments and index details of business contacts. Computers reduce the reduce Computers contacts. business of details index and appointments without products new test and design to programmes (CAD) design assisted computer- use also can Companies advertising. and publishing as such building a working model. Computers enable users to make notes, arrange arrange notes, make to users enable Computers model. working abuilding 4 The central idea of a computing aof idea central The 4 6 uses current common most The 5 3 A computer system consists system computer A 3 2 There are different types of types different are There 2 1 A computer is an electronic isan A computer 1 People use thp Internet to Internet usethp People ['htarat] access... of computers are... computers of is... system of... computer: a desktop, a laptop... a desktop, a computer: machine which... machine 1 person the career opportunities are limitless for you. for limitless are opportunities career the person — грамотний;— освічений П Drive CD-ROM □ |~~| IDrive Floppy I IDisk Floppy I Mouse П CD □ 2] Keyboard Screen/Monitor Tower Case 9 A blog is... blog A 9 8 7 Computer users make contacts make users Computer 7 13 Computers enable users to... users enable Computers 13 its website, Through 12 VLEis... 11 14 Many career choices are... choices career Many 14 wordprocessing use Students 10 HTML is... HTML and... a company... a programmes to... programmes to surf surf to access to software software output ['aotpot] ['aotpot] output device a data a [a'tsetjmant] attachment an access an online [.Dn'lain] online awebsite input ['inpot] ['inpot] input hardware D R O W E L I F ['deita] ['deita] [s 3 [de'vais] [de'vais] [’sDftwea] [’sDftwea] :f] ['ha:dwea] ['ha:dwea] ['websait] ['websait] ['aekses] ['aekses] ['aekses] ['aekses] ------7 у 7 | 6 * E xplain y o u r choice. r u o y xplain E opu tedvcsi teb nt w ou ns. colum two to in x bo the in devices the up roup G nin h olowi ie n d ore. m add and s item g in w llo fo the ention M wizard? computer a you Are • computer? ahave you Do • • How often do you surf? When do you usually surf? usually you do When surf? you do often How • Internet? the to access have Doyou • computer? your at spend you do time much How • W ork in pairs. Share y o u r experience o f the In te rn e t use. t e rn te In the f o experience r u o y Share pairs. in ork W questions. the ering answ and asking s rn tu Take pairs. in ork W Windows 4 6 desktop 3 2 menus 5 frec t ng 16 t t desrpton (a-f). n tio scrip e d its 1 to (1-6) g in th each efer R cursor pointing device pointing icons finding information finding sending email sending shopping online input devices output devices output devices input f A device, such as a mouse or trackball, that allows that trackball, or mouse aas such A device, f the divide can user the this of help the With c e Most graphical user interfaces allow the user touser the allow interfaces user graphical Most e are These commands, small pictures that represent d the that screen display on appears that A symbol b are icons where screen display the on area The a ie rwnos B oiga one ote and them to pointer a moving By windows. or files screen into different areas. You can move them move Youareas.can different into screen capital alike is shaped that pointer I-beam an as or arrow angled white small desktop. reala on objects real represent to designed the user to select objects on the display screen. display the on objects select to user the it. from choice a selecting by commands give or command change it into a window, at will, size and shape their change and screen, display the around aas screen the on appears Itusually commands. and objects select to move to isable user are icons the because so calledis grouped pressing a mouse button, the user can execute a execute can user the button, mouse a pressing 1 1 joining chat groups chat joining playing games games playing keyboard, speakers, monitor, scanner,monitor, speakers, keyboard, edhns rne, microphone printer, headphones, READING T. 5 75 OMNCTO TECHNOLOGI S IE G O L O N H C E T COMMUNICATION VOCABULARY GRAMMAR 1 Match the pictures (1-10) with the words, 5 G R A M M A R o cn S IE G O L O N H C E T COMMUNICATION UJ PDINT PHRASAL VERBS (Фразові дієслова) U ' A phrasal verb consists Most transitive phrasal □ j of a verb + particle. verbs are separable. □ I I a menu I just dreamt a new idea up. z E.g.: They often eat out. 1 I I a menu bar Particles look like prepositions and they Ijust dreamt up a new idea. u П a file often change the meaning of the verb. With a small group of til h I I a folder E.g.: I came back. phrasal verbs, the verb and z П a programme Please go on. particle must be separated. □ П an attachment ' Some phrasal verbs are used in E.g.: keep something on <: I | an icon □ combination with certain prepositions. Keep your hat on. | | a window і These combinations are usually E.g.: talk someone into □ ]] a cursor inseparable. She talked her boss П a desktop E.g.: She dropped out o f school. into a pay rise. 2 □ □ © a) Work in pairs. Read the sentences and guess the meanings of the phrasal verbs in bold. 1 Someone hacked into the computers at work and destroyed important data. 2 You can log on/in using my password if you want to use the computer. 3 Scroll up to the top of the page. 2 a) Look at the Word Map with verbs that save 4 Don’t forget to log off/out when you’ve finished. are used before the word ‘a file’. create 9 rename 5 I’ll take my laptop so I should be able to pick up my emails while I’m away. open o------file ~ ~ 3 ------°move b) Complete the paragraph below 6 You should back your work up every day so that you do not lose it. with the words Pn the box and close0' ^ r~~"^'~°delete copy 7 If you can’t see the detail zoom in by clicking on this icon. in the Word Map above. b) Match the phrasal verbs with their definitions. ^compress^d|rec^ 1 pick up something a move across/down/up a web page or other Files can be organised into ... and ... or... and .... This allows the user (pick something up) document on a computer screen to create categories for files which can be organised and accessed easily. It 2 log in/on show a clear and detailed picture of is possible to ... and ... files and folders, to ... them, ... them, ... them or... 3 log off/out something or show something in less detail them from one area to another. It is possible to ... or... files, so that they 4 scroll across/down/up put your name into a computer so that you use less space. This can be useful, for example, when sending files via (something) can start using it email. File compression programs such as WinZip can be used to do this. 5 hack into connect to the Internet and access emails 6 back (something) up e make a copy of computer information so 3 f Match the words in the box with their definitions below. that you do not lose it — ' Then compare your answers with a partner. 7 zoom in/out f finish using a computer system 1 ... is a list of computer operations. click, menu, g get into someone else’s computer system 2 ... is a small picture or symbol. cursor, icon, (see the List of Phrasal Verbs without permission1 in order to look at 3 ... is software for creating text files (e.g., Microsoft Word). word processor on pages 196-202) 4 ... means to press and release the button on the mouse. information or do something illegal2 5 ... is a little arrow on the screen that moves when you move the mouse. 1a permission [pa'mijn] — дозвіл 'illegal [i'li:gl] — незаконний, нелегальний 76 77 WZ 78 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES M A R G 3 2 ’security 4 2 On these disks you’ll find a ... of all the data connected with the project. the with connected data the allof ... a find you’ll disks Onthese 2 5 3 Com plete the sentences w ith the p h ra sa l verbs in the box. the in 1 verbs l sa ra h p the ith w sentences the plete Com M atch the ico n s w ith the reasons to c lic k them. There is one extra icon. extra one is There them. k lic c to reasons the ith w s n ico the atch M 4 6 5 Hnywn noacbrcf nBnkkt ik . i emails. 3 his ... cafe pick cyber to a into Bangkok in Henrywent 2 Choose the c o rre c t w ord to com plete the sentences. the plete com to whole the print ord to ages It took w t 1 c rre o c the Choose If you ... to the bottom of the page, you’ll find the data you want. you data the find you’ll page, the of bottom the to If you ... I ... to this new website last night. Let me give you the address so that you that so address the you give me Let night.last website new this to ... I ... still I'll weeks, of couple a for office the from away beworking I'll Although more.socan Thensee you If it youinhard find see to picture,... the detail the The ability to zoom ... is particularly useful when you are working on working are you when useful particularly is ... zoom to ability The data. ... keying at quick isvery secretary His ... hacked had someone that realised he when upset very Mark was For security reasons, always log ... when you leave your computer computer your leave you when ... log always reasons, For security can check it out. check can click on the same icon again my emails every day. every emails my detailed diagrams. diagrams. detailed ) u b n ) p ) on d) up c) in b) out a) in d) into c) on b) onto a) out d) into c) on b) ff o a) up d) out c) in b) on a) his computer.his time.of period any for unattended up d) on c) ff o b) out a) in d) out c) up b) down a) [si'kjuarsti] backup, zoom out, scroll down, pick up, zoom in, logged in logged in, up,zoom pick down, scroll out, zoom backup, — безпека I I To show a clear and detailed picture of something you’d something of picture detailed and I clear To a show I П Q When you need to move down/up a webpage or other or webpage a down/up move to need you When Q I I When you need to have a printed copy of an electronic electronic anof copy printed ahave to need Iyou When I — to scroll up or down to the top of the page. the of top the to down or up scroll to — — to pick up your emails. your up pick to — click on the icon — to zoom in. zoom to icon— the on click Would you like to access email? Then click on the icon the on click Then email? access liketo you Would document on a computer screen, then click on the icon the on click then screen, computer aon document ouetyusol lc nteio opiti out. it print to icon— the on click should you document to... report.... and the picture will go back to normal size. I I З 2 1 and answ ering the questions. the ering answ and hi ou a owih te rdWd Web. Wide orld W the ith w do can u yo s g in th . s ilitie ib s s o p these ith w d e id v ro p be can hat w y sa and Read W ork in pairs. Take turn s asking s turn Take pairs. in ork W • meet people • find a job find plans travel make • shopping go • • meal a order • more. one news d latest d the get A . • below t lis people meet the • in s item the Use W ork in pa irs. A s k and answ er about the about er answ and k s A irs. pa in ork W 4 How many buttons are there on your mouse? your on there are buttons many How 4 6 computer? your of system operating isthe What 2 8 group? chat any of member ayou Are 7 drive? CD-Rom ahave computer your Does 5 use? computer your does browser Web Which 3 1 What brand is your computer? isyour brand What 1 Listen again and com plete the text. the plete com needs and one s again g in th r Listen u fo name and conversation the to Listen ogetcnetdt h Wol ie Web. Wide orld W the to connected t e g to What else can you use the Internet for? Internet the use youcan else What letters? email write youdo often How • For email you need a programme programme aneed you email For • • A should kit Internet... basic The • computers. other ... Youcan • it. with messages read and ... Youcan • on ... and easily information ... You can • ... It operates • network ais Internet • which ... information on the net.theon information ... which email on ... sendYou cansystems. different consist of a dialler.a of consist ..., or connected, with your provider. your with connected, or ..., even though they live mile away.mile live they though even year last holiday onI met who friends some with on online chat and email text, can Today you Messenger and things like that. I'm still intouch I'mstill that.like things and Messenger dialler is a programme to get youget to programme ais dialler f...o n ... and LISTENING Т Ш № w OMNCTO TECHNOLOGI S IE G O L O N H C E T COMMUNICATION SPEAKING SPEAKING 5 1 a) Get some information and answer Share about your tn if the World Wide Web is another favourite Websites n У name for the Internet. and explain w hy you □ ID like them. Use the 2 □ The Web is just one of the 2 phrases in the box. C ^ services that runs on the Internet. z Z It is the best-known and the most • contain texts, images П widely used information resource and sound files; uj on the Internet. The Web is a • well-decorated page; □ network of information in the form z • to click on ‘live’ areas □ of hypertext. Hypertext enables H on the page; П H the user to move between different n • to go to a new screen easily; u elements of web pages, or I • to offer latest z Z between websites by means of □ news/travel Г links. A website consists of one or information, etc. □ many web pages. They are written П in a special programming Й UJ language called Hyper Text Mark- USEFUL»- Up Language (HTML). PHRASES The main page of a website is the Giving Reasons Making a Choice For one thing, ... home page. It may contain a site In my opinion, this one is better. For another, ... map ora main menu. To my mind, this one’s more Another reason is that... b) Work in groups. Give the examples to prove the following statements. suitable/flexible. Most importantly, ... To my way of thinking, this one’s What we need to think about is The Internet is: more interesting and useful. We need to consider... • a network of computers (another In my view, this one is the best. The important things are ... name: cyberspace — a virtual ‘space’ created by computer 3 Work in groups. Exchange information systems) and discuss the following. • an information resource 1 Do you know what a cyber cafe is? • a collection of services Have you ever been to one? • a communication system Do you know how to send an email? • a broadcasting medium (radio Which sites do you usually visit? and TV provide Internet Do you chat online? versions of their programmes) Do you have your own website? • a community of users Does your school have its own website? You may use the words: Do you buy anything on the Internet? Internet versions of TV and Radio 8 For what purpose do young people use the Internet? programmes, chat rooms, online 9 What do you know about hackers and viruses? forums, information superhighway, 10 How does the Internet effect our lives? cyberspace 11 Has the Internet changed your life? If yes, in what ways? 5 82 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 2 1 USEYOUR ENGLISH b) Com plete the sentences w ith the c o rre c t tense form s o f the f o s form tense t c rre o c the ith w sentences the plete Com b) ) thphr alvrs t t rdefnii s. n itio fin e d ir e th ith w verbs l sa ra h p atch M a) • post a message — to place aplace to — message a post • • upload a file — to transfer transfer to — file a upload • (1-3) sentence each plete Com bold. in phrases the f o s n itio fin e d the Read w ith the appropriate phrase b y changing the form o f the verb in it. in verb the f o form the changing y a take b to — afile phrase download • appropriate the ith w World Wide • • the net the • • Wide World M atch to make w ord com binations. 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Ukraine inWestern occur did disaster natural What 1 What does ‘to respond to natural disasters effectively’ mean? effectively’ disasters natural to respond ‘to does What What is a natural hazard? natural isa What What are the causes of frequent floods inZakarpattya? floods frequent of causes the are What ] 1 What are they? are What 1 ] c) It means we should learn more about disasters about more learn should we means It c) b) It means that we must remember that all elements all that remember difficulties. to must we that attention any means It pay b) shouldn’t we means It a) c) They never influence each other. each another. to influence lead can never They one c) interrelated, are They b) a) They all result into natural disasters. natural into result all They a) c) It is a natural disaster. natural a is It c) a) It is a threat o f a natural event that m ight have negative effect. negative have ight m catastrophe. that natural event a is It natural b) a f o threat a is It a) c) It is the effect o f a natural hazard. natural a f o effect the is It c) event. weather a is It b) a) It is a natural hazard. natural a is It a) ) deforestation causes c) man-made and natural b) a) heavy showers heavy a) a) floods and storms b) floods and earthquakes c) tsunamis and tsunamis c) earthquakes and floods b) storms and floods a) b) It was blocked with mud sliding. It mud c) with blocked was It b) a) It was underflooded. was It a) ) ruh b erhuk c flood c) earthquake b) drought a) information provided. information and build safer communities with real-time with communities safer build and and systems are interconnected in nature. in interconnected are systems and was ruined by volcano eruption. volcano by ruined l s d o flo I 2totrack 1toevaporate a) Match natural hazards in the box with their descriptions below. descriptions their with box the in hazards natural Match a) A C 4 ... is a phenomenon that results from a sudden release of stored energy stored of release sudden a from results that phenomenon a is ... 4 E D В 3 ... are the result of prolonged rainfall from a storm, rapid melting of large of melting rapid storm,a from rainfall prolonged of result the are ... 3 2 7 ... is a hazard characterised by heat which is considered extreme and extreme isconsidered which heat by characterised hazarda is ... 7 6 is Itone mountainside. a down mass rock) (or snow large aof slide isa ... 5 1 ... is one of the names of cyclonic storm that forms over the oceans. 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Tornadoes or whirlwinds, are whirlwinds, or Tornadoes around Australasia. and Ocean Indian h wtr evaporates water The [l’vaepareit] — стежити;простежувати an avalanche, an earthquake, floods, a tsunami,a floods, earthquake, an avalanche, an — випаровувати(ся)— etwv,atrao hailstorms tornado, a wave, heat a 1 rm h wr sa Ti cness n the in condenses This sea. warm the from 2 hurricanes, but they cannot stop them. stop cannot but they hurricanes, 3adisplacement 3 of Ita body canofwater. be READING [dis'pleismant] — [dis'pleismant] переміщення 95 S H ERH N ER? G N A D IN EARTH THE IS READING g IS THE EARTH IN D A N G ER? 6 about them? about shock. How do these natural disasters affect humans? Can we do anything do we Can humans? affect disasters natural these do How shock. biga are them of but some often, very happen these of Some world. the everything. Every year there are big and small disasters in different parts of of parts indifferent disasters small and big are there year Every everything. )Woki pis hr n hc h esuls ok s itonary. a n dictio a Use work. r u o f y o lts u s re the check and Share pairs. in ork W b) r n rus Ra n ic s h olowi . g in w llo fo the ss discu and Read groups. in ork W Scientists understand a lot about environment but they don’t understand understand don’t but they environment about lot a understand Scientists 13 ... is an uncontrolled fire burning in wildland areas. Common causes Common areas. inwildland burning fire uncontrolled isan ... 13 2 . i eie sa ct hraeo ae n rpfiue Itanis failure. crop and water of shortage acute an as is defined ... 12 11 9 ... is a severe winter storm condition characterised by low temperatures, temperatures, low by characterised condition storm winter severe a is ... 9 10 ... is a natural disaster resulting from a thunderstorm1.aviolent,ais It from resulting disaster natural a is ... 10 8 ... is a disaster closely related to an avalanche, but instead of occurring of instead but avalanche, an to related closely disaster a is ...... is the point in which a volcano is active and releases its power, andpower,its releases and active is volcano a whichin point the is ... carelessness. include lightning and drought but they may also be started by humanby bestarted also may they but drought and lightning include needs. water support to water enough not is there when period dry abnormally forms. many in come eruptions the occupying large areas. large occupying and possibly higher. It can occur one at a time or can occur along lines along occur can or time aat one occur Itcanhigher. possibly and rotating column of air, which can blow at speeds between 50 and 48 km/h 48 and50 between speeds at blow can which air,of column rotating strong winds, and heavy blowing snow.blowing heavy and winds, strong can be caused by an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. volcanic aor earthquake anby becaused can including ground, the of elements actual involving it occurs snow,with ok,tes at fhue t.wihmyhpe ob wp p Itup. beswept to happen may which etc. houses of parts trees, rocks, a landslide, a volcanic eruption, a hurricane, a eruption, avolcanic landslide, a a wildfire, a blizzard, a drought a blizzard, a wildfire,a © © 2 4 Scientists attribute changes in the weather to natural to weather inthe changes attribute Scientists 4 2 The ... of the accident is still not known.not stillis accident the of ... The 2 6 earth. the inside heat isthe earthquakes of ... The 5 lightning? of ... isthe What 3 8 7 There is no ... to suppose he will forget.hewill suppose to ... nois There 7 1 Carelessness is often the ... of of fires. ... the isoften Carelessness 1 Com plete the sentences w ith ‘cause’ o r ‘reason’. r o ‘cause’ ith w sentences the plete Com o epeadaias toemmn, tloe si h .. might ... if the as looked it moment, one animals. At and people for difficult breathing make might It agriculture. to ... serious cause also could Pichincha Guagua ... the by up thrown ash The flights. to ... could ash G roup up the w ords in the b o x according to the colum ns below. ns colum the to according x o b the in ords w the up roup G will continue to keep an eye on the situation, situation, onthe eye ankeep to continue will We outside. go they when masks special wear should People eruption. calmlong bea it will that erupt slowly. This slow ... could last for months or even years. even or months last for could ... slow This slowly. erupt Com plete the te x t w ith the w ords in the box. the in ords w the ith w t x te the plete Com measures they should take. should they measures other any of public the ill... w we and .... Never stay away from school without good without school from away stay Never What was the ... for your refusal to go there? go to refusal your for ... the was What The airport at Quito was closed yesterday because of the damage damage the of because yesterday closed was Quito at airport The The mayor of Quito said: “We must learn to live next to this tonext live to learn must “We said: Quito of mayor The los atqae,hisom,wilol, etwvs landslides, heatwaves, whirlpools, hailstorms, earthquakes, floods, Land movement disasters movement Land What else can we do? There is a 10 per cent chance chance cent 10per isa There do? we canelse What snms ruhs bizrs vlnhs onde, hurricanes, tornadoes, avalanches, blizzards, droughts, tsunamis, A reason is a fact which is put forward as a motive or explanation, or in or explanation, or motive aas put isforward which aisfact reason A happen. thing a makes which effect,and produces which isthat cause A order to justify some conclusion. some to justify order Y R A L U B A C O V « i cani cano^^T^us^j ^ s u ^ T ^ ^ o n a ic o ^ e ^ m a ^ ic n a ic o ^ m ^ n J n tio p m e P O I N T °------T N I O P fires, ice storms, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes eruptions, volcanic storms, ice fires, A cause or a reason? a or cause A Water disasters Water VOCABULARY .... .... Weather disasters Weather that... Б 5 H ERH N ER? G N A D IN EARTH THE 15 G 98 IS THE EARTH IN D A N G ER? © і 2y 2y і ) 7 1toholler GRAMMAR — What would you do you would What — — If I didn't have a dime ahave IIfdidn't — What would you do you would What b) W ork in pairs. Take tu rn s asking and answ ering the questions the ering answ and asking s rn tu Take pairs. in ork W b) dollar ahave Ididn’t If Exam ple: ple: Exam a) Use the phrases in the box and w rite que stions b y changing the form the changing y b stions que rite w and box the in phrases the Use a) create more parks cities be less polluted less be cities parks more create people recycle things children be able to play safely play to beable children cars many so buy not people streets in litter drop not people everywhere rubbish much so be not things recycle people oxygen more have people bicycles use people transport public improve areas trees/green more have corner. streets every onbins put M atch the sugg estions w ith the p o s s ib le results. le ib s s o p the ith w estions sugg the atch M If we ...If we disappear. wouldn’t rainforests newtrees, planted If we pollution. air less have would we bicycles, usedIf we Read and com plete the lis t w ith y o u r ideas. Use the phrases in the box. the in phrases the Use ideas. r u o y ith w t lis the plete com and Read Then make c o n d itio n a l sentences as in the example. the in as sentences l a n itio d n o c make Then ttment statem xli the explain n ls. Use class. in onditionals. C Get ready to ready Get drive electric cars, use less paper, create special parks for animals, for parks special paper,create less use cars, electric drive as in the rhym e above. e rhym the in as o f the verbs in brackets. in verbs the f o [ ’hD la] la] ’hD [ teach hunters it’s wrong to kill animals, not to cut out forests out cut to not killanimals, to it’s wrong hunters teach if you didn't have didn't if you have didn’t if you wud HOLLER1! would I time. the allI’d cry ugsin Results Suggestions people wouldn’t drop litter in the streets.the in litter drop wouldn’t people If the authorities put rubbish bins on every street corner, street every on bins rubbish put authorities the If — кричати,— лементувати a dollar? a a dime? a What would you do if you...? do you would What (borrow) (borrow) a friend’s car andbroke one of the lights shop ina something stealing somebody (see) assistant shop a from change much too (get) childhood of friend your (meet) bedroom your in snake a(see) and up) (wake in Australia a job offered (be) day next the exam an (have) city would soon be clean.be soon would city the doorstep, own their “If every person swept “If person every 3 f j I (T) (T) 4 j Read and decide w hether the statem ents below are true o r false. r o true are below ents statem the hether w decide and Read j 4 A good thing to do if you are outside during an during outside are if you do to thing A good 4 3 The best way to leave the building during an during building the leave to way best 3The you home, at are you when occurs earthquake If an 2 sea... the and directions changed winds The of Africa. west inthe It was 4 5 People and animals died because... died animals and People 5 from... come that winds strong very are Hurricanes 2 3 Hurricane Andrew killed 15 people in Florida and... Florida in 15 people killed Hurricane Andrew 3 1 If an earthquake occurs when you are in school, you school, inare you when occurs Ifearthquake an 1 1 The water The inwater 1 the rivers rose higher and higher and there was the danger of... Make a Top Five L is t (num ber one w ill be the w o rst disaster). rst o w the be ill w one ber (num t is L Five Top a Make eiewhc di eri h worst: o w the is r te s a is d hich w Decide Compare y o u r lis t w ith a p a rtn e r and discu ss the re s u lts in pairs. in lts u s re the ss discu and r e rtn a p a ith w t lis r u o y Compare ) se gi n ieyourparneravc bu a eses ld u o sh he/she hat w about advice r e rtn a p r u o y give and again isten L b) Listen again and com plete the sentences. the plete com and again Listen m entioned them. entioned m Listen and name three n a tu ra l disaste rs in the o rd e r the speaker the r e rd o the in rs disaste l ra tu a n three name and Listen earthquake is to stand in an open area. open inan stand tois earthquake lift.ainto get isto earthquake should stand near a bigtable. a near stand should starts. earthquake the when building the leave should o hn hr s nerhuk n esei : is he/she and earthquake an is there when do • in school • at home • in the street inthe • home at • inschool • IV ®W*. ___ ^ n' l ‘ r n'' ^ • Ж f * avalanche, flood, drought, fire, earthquake... fire, drought, flood, avalanche, 4L2 LISTENING 99 6 S H ERH N ER? G N A D IN EARTH THE IS 6 100 IS THE EARTH IN D A N G ER? 2 ) 2) 4 3 ) 1 ) 1tosurvive SPEAKING a unn oadtepr. Iport. the toward running was Everybody window. the through I looked up.me woke noise The Paradise the at holidays on was the lava hit the town. the hit lava the the toran and my onjacket threw erupted. volcano the when nap a island small a Patapita, on Club cruise ship. It was leaving when leaving It was ship. cruise aonget to I managed too. port, taking I was Pacific. South inthe ynm’ eid alc. IWallace. Melinda name’s My 4 What do you think of people who throw away cigarette butts and cause fires cause and butts cigarette away throw who people of think youdo What 4 terrible disasters. Talk about your experiences. your Talkabout disasters. terrible happened? What When? disaster? a experienced ever you Have 2 R ole-play the s itu a tio n in group s o f four. f o s group in some after n survived who guests three are tio others the a host, TV ais you of One itu s the ole-play R last the was andwhere When Ukraine?in occur cannaturaldisasters What 5 3 Can you name some disasters? some name you Can 3 Student B, Student A, Student iatr.Actoutt rr esi pis f g durin experiences ir pairs. e in th s ut le ro abo ir ll e te th t u o show t TV c f A o guests disasters. e som hat w Read Use the in s tru c tio n s in exercise 5 as a m odel and the ideas below. ideas the and odel m a as 5 exercise in s n tio c tru s in the Use W ork in pairs. Do the tasks below. tasks the Do pairs. in ork W it. Talkabout disaster? natural any of read or heard ever you Have 1 akwihyourparnero tef l ng tms. item g in w llo fo the on r e rtn a p r u o y ith w Talk one? this? prevent to do we can What summer? the during Dntuetelfs • aesr l h idw r closed. are windows allthe sure Make • lifts. the use Don’t • • Don’t panic. • Keep the fire doors closed. doors fire the Keep • instructions. teacher’s your Follow • shut.are doors all sure Make • panic. Don’t • brigade. fire the Call • calm. Keep • [sa'vaiv] [sa'vaiv] give your partner advice on what students should do when there do when should students what on advice partner your give give your partner advice on what a teacher should do when there when do should teacher a what on advice partner your give is aisfire. aisfire. — вижити,— залишитися живим Ronald Melinda ------> fell on the floor. We were were We floor.the on fell Librada inSanta friends with We had to wait for hours for wait hadto We were in.We fell ceiling the Everything began. earthquake shook. All the plates and foodand plates the shook.All the when lunch having were We Los Angeles. near staying I were and Mywife Turner.Ronald name’s My Hi. before help arrived. help before survived1.and table the under upwhen everything picking ( ( © 2 ) ) b) M atch problem s w ith th e ir s o lu tio n s and w rite as in the example. the in as rite w and s n tio lu o s ir e th ith w s problem atch M b) a) Read abo ut som e environm ental problem s and p o ssib le ways o u t o f f them. t o u o ways le ssib o p and s problem ental environm e som ut abo Read a) Well done. You’redone. Well people like you toyou like people green yo u are. u yo green fin d o u t how t u o d to fin keys the see Do the quiz and quiz the Do right. Learn more Learn right. help us save our our save us help Please look after after look Please really green! We green! really u ol before world our green, are you? are green, be more green, more be You’re trying to You’retrying You’re not very very not You’re MOSTLY C’s. MOSTLY MOSTLY B’s. MOSTLY • global warming global • disruption • pollution land • streets inthe litter leave shouldn’t people — pollution air • pollution water • MOSTLY MOSTLY A’s. environment! environment. s n onditionals. C 2nd Use but you don’t don’t youbut xmpe fpat intdm hmclwse norvr hr wouldn’t there rivers into wastes chemical dump didn’t plants If ple: Exam always get it get always it’s too late.it’stoo need more need about the about KEYS KEYS be water pollution. water be і — the number of cars should be reducedbe should cars of number the — animals killing stop should we — — concentration of smoke in the air should be controlledbe should air inthe smoke of concentration — into wastes chemical dump shouldn’t plants — ї ї i imrr r m i u ii u її її c) adopt dolphin? a adopt c) safari? aon go b) coat? fur a buy a) Would you... rubbish? withyour do you a) leave your rubbish on the beach? the on rubbish your leave a) c) take your rubbish home? rubbish your take c) found? binyou first the in rubbish your b)put walk/cycle? c) bus? a take b) taxi? a take a) you... would away, kilometres two or one somewhere If you had 1000 dollars to spend, would would you... tospend, 1000dollars had If you bicycle ac) motorbike a b) car fast big,a a) choose? would you which gift,aas following If you had a picnic on the beach, what would what beach,the on a picnic had If you them? recycle c) bin? rubbish ain them b)put If you were in the middle of a city and wanted to go to wanted and city a of middle the inwere If you the of one you to give offered somebody If the pavement? on them leave a) would you... bottles, empty and If you had a lot of newspapers old of lot a had If you rivers / atmosphere / on land on / atmosphere / rivers USEYDUR ENGLISH HOW GREEN YOU ARE YOU GREEN HOW 101 6 S H ERH N ER? G N A D IN EARTH THE IS 6 102 IS THE EARTH IN DANGER? 'to rescue'to USEYOUR ENGLISH □ □ □ □ □ □ □ П □ □ Read the sentences carefully. Then re fe r disaste rs (A-J) rs disaste r fe re Then carefully. sentences the Read to th e ir d e scrip tio n s (1-10). s n tio scrip e d ir e th to [’reskju:] [’reskju:] 9 Flames swept through the block of office, burning everything inside. everything burning office,of block the through swept Flames 9 8 7 Smoke ppured out of the crater but no one exported an eruption. A eruption. an exported noone but crater the of out ppured Smoke 7 6 farming of areas huge and places several in overflowed river The 4 10 It must have been at least twenty feet high as it swept towards the towards swept it as high feet twenty least at been have It must 10 Sdel h rudsokbnahotfe n h al building tall the and feet out beneath shook ground the Suddenly 5 3 The winds have already strengthened strengthened already have winds The 3 2 Over 50,000 people in Ethiopia have died of of died have Ethiopia inpeople 50,000 Over 2 1 Several people were walking along when along walking were people Several 1 It swept onwards, covering everything in its path. The travellers had travellers path.The itsin everything covering onwards, Itswept Tankers full of water were sent, but it was too late to save many of many save to late too it was but sent, were water of Tankersfull drowning everyone inside. everyone drowning shore. In a few seconds it destroyed all the houses in itsway,in houses allthe itdestroyed seconds Infew a shore. remained. building the of shell empty the only later hours Two passed. eventually had it until down lie and camels off their get to week later, however, red hot lava began to flow down the side of theof side the down flow to began lava hot red however,later, week desert. vast alike was area whole The there. crops and animals the several bookcases in the college library came crashing down. crashing came library college inthe bookcases several andrattled sway2. doors to and began college Windows the opposite mountain. sea. to out people in nearby villages. nearby in people rescue to being are Boats water.under feet several now are land put have ships large all and sailing stopped have rough very now is sea the and considerably indeed. As a result, ferries across the harbour harbour the across ferries result,a indeed.As rice and grain which were recently sent to them.to sent recently were which grain andrice of insupplies delay the concerning asked being are Questions month. past inthe starvation hillside and blocked the road in front of them.of infront road the blocked and hillside the down crashing came earth of tons suddenly — рятувати — 2tosway [swei] [swei] M J Famine J І G Earthquake С А Н Е F D Typhoon В Volcano — хитатися Drought Landslide Tidalwave Sandstorm Fire Flood 1 © 4 ,4 National Park and have killed several, several, killed have and Park National Anglong hills to escape5 the floods. sending mountainous waves smashing waves mountainous sending Korea, South of coast Southern the into escape5to hills floods. theAnglong Karpi nearby the to migrated have bridges. In neighbouring India, floods India, neighbouring In bridges. rhinoceros and other endangered endangered other and rhinoceros covered almost all of Kaziranga the of all almost covered 1,000 damaged and cattle of thousands species. A large number of elephants missing or dead after typhoon Faxe tore Faxe typhoon after dead or missing elephants of largespecies.number A and destroyed nearly 10,000homes. nearly destroyed and swept have that floods Monsoon Swirling waters also carried away away carried also waters Swirling people killed have July early since Bangladesh of half almost across b) W ork in groups. D iscuss the fo llo w in g questions. g in w llo fo the iscuss D groups. in ork W b) tropical regions of theof regions tropical in the activity Storm Northern Hemisphere Hemisphere Northern )Ra h icsofnwsae nf maton tio a rm fo in spaper new f o pieces the Read a) increased with typhoon typhoon with increased Faye and hurricane Cosme hurricane and Faye forming at opposite sides opposite at forming of the Pacific. Hurricane Hurricane Pacific. the of Chantal briefly threatened threatened briefly Chantal the Bahamas and Bermuda Bermuda and Bahamas the before losing force. losing before • What measures can be taken to avoid natural disasters? natural avoid to betaken can measures What • disasters? natural different of consequences possible are What • information? similar the hear or read youdo often How • notes? newspaper short inthese is offered information What • and re fe r them to the disasters. the to them r fe re and ® USEYDUR 6tosmash 5toescape 4toremain alert 3aslope 2tosoar 'steam П Q Floods Q [] Tropical Storms Tropical [] ] Eruptions ] of the British Caribbean colony of Monserrat of colony Caribbean British the of Minor eruptions continued to worry residents residents worry to continued eruptions Minor /' Typhoon q I into ships and ports.and ships into I N More than 50 people were reported reported were 50people than More [sti:m] [ [slaop] [slaop] an increase in seismic activity within the within activity seismic in increase an sd killed seven people. Colombian officials officials Colombian people. seven killed Ruiz volcano to remain alert4 remain to following volcano Ruiz advised residents around the Nevada del Nevada the around residents advised 17,700 foot mountain. 17,700 foot [smaej] one week after the activity began. activity the after week one ] — :] [l’skeip] [l’skeip] ------Indonesia’s Mount Semeru volcano, volcano, Semeru Mount Indonesia’s — пара — eruption of Semeru in early 1994 early in Semeru of eruption the tallest mountain on Java, sent Java, on mountain tallest the — схил підніматися;високо літати [a’l clouds of steam' soaring2 steam' almost of clouds — бити— зусієї сили;урізатися; four miles high and blanketed blanketed and high miles four its western slope3 western itsash. An with 3 — утікати— :t] руйнувати,знищувати — залишатисянасторожі —------* ENGLISH \ V \ ------103 G IS THE THE IS EARTH N GER? NG A D IN 104 IS THE EARTH IN D A N G ER? 7( 6 5 'timely USEYOUR ENGLISH warning, so that we can live safely on our planet. our on safely live can we that so warning, works and our ability to provide timely provide to ability our and works continue to improve both our understanding of how the earth howthe of understanding our both improve to continue can learn from them and use this knowledge to prevent hazards from turning from hazards prevent to knowledge this use and them from learn can lessons we have learned about natural hazards. As we look ahead, we must we ahead, look we hazards.As natural about learned have we lessons 4 Have any of the countries near Ukraine suffered Ukraine near countries the of any Have 4 into natural disasters. natural into 5 Would you feel comfortable going on holiday somewhere that had beenhad that somewhere holiday on going comfortable feel you Would 5 3 Which of the disasters do you think are ‘acts of God’? of ‘acts are think youdo disasters the of Which 3 them about stories news any heard you Have 2 understand th e ir w ords. Agree o r disagree. E xplain y o u r opinions. r u o y xplain E we happening, from hazards naturaldisagree. prevent r can’t we o Although operates. Earth Agree ords. w ir e th understand n ic steqetosblw. below questions the ss discu and W ork in groups. Read w hat som e s c ie n tis ts say and explain how you how explain and say ts tis n ie c s e som hat w Read groups. in ork W another y la -p le ro and s le ro the Change b) 1 Have any of these natural disasters ever happened ever disasters natural these of any Have 1 a) R ole-play the s itu a tio n in pairs. in n tio a itu s the ole-play R a) W ork in pairs. Read the disaste rs in the box the in rs disaste the Read pairs. in ork W w eather yo u have ever experienced. ever have u yo eather w ieaprgahaou h s eri le rrib te ost m the ut abo paragraph a rite W avalanche, flood, landslide, tsunami, earthquake, earthquake, tsunami, landslide, flood, avalanche, The century we have started recently gives us a new chance to apply the apply to chance new aus gives recently started have we century The Which are sometimes the result of human actions? human of result the sometimes are Which affected by a disaster? Why / why not? why / Why disaster? aby affected recently? tragedy national a Earthquakes, landslides, floods — these hazards are part of the way the way the of part are hazards these — floods landslides, Earthquakes, happening anywhere else in the world? inthe else anywhere happening in Ukraine? When? How serious were they? were serious How When? Ukraine? in miarst i . n tio a situ r ila im s oetfr,trao ocn,dogt hurricane drought, volcano, tornado, fire, forest expect expect them to ask you about the situation. ask how you are. You’re going to tell him/her what’s him/her toare.tell You’re how yougoing ask happened. Before youhappened. start, think of 5 you questions by oneis of thegoing todisasters. callAfriend you to Imagine you live in a place which has been affected beenhas liveinplacea Imaginewhich you [’taimli] [’taimli] — вчасний — 1 and effective and © b) W ork in groups. Choose two o f the to p ics from the box below and below box the from ics p to the f o two Choose groups. in ork W b) ation. form in l fu se u e som Get a) r paragraph. narrow them dow n to a s p e c ific aspect you c o u ld w rite about in a in about rite w ld u o c you aspect ific c e p s a to n dow them narrow 4 Writing a final copy final a Writing 4 xmple: exam r o F 1st draft the writing 4: Step common most The task. writing the given often are you student a As drafts rewriting and Writing 3 Planning 2 aspect of the general topic. general the of aspect paragraph or even an essay. You have to narrow it down to a specific specific a to itdown narrow essay.to haveYouan even or paragraph single a for broad istoo topic chosen the that fact isthe made mistake Prewriting 1 The stages of writing of stages The rcs r ald tp2 eeaig ideas generating 2: Step called: are process o G N I T I R W T N I O P pcfc Topic Specific eea Topic p o T General media, environment, food, travelling, young people, sports people, young travelling, food, environment, media, education, relationships, communication technologies, technologies, communication relationships, education, ------film adaptations of Victorian novels of Victorian adaptations film films feature film Charles Dickens onfilm Dickens Charles film on adaptations literary Step 5: rewriting 5:Step Step Step 1:topic a Step Step 3: organising ideas organising 3:Step These stages can be subdivided be can stages These into the following steps: following the into 6 : writing the final draft final the : writing WRITING S H ERH N ER? G N A D IN EARTH THE IS 6 106 IS THE EARTH IN D A N G ER? л a Woki gop. hoeoeoftef l ng opics p to g in w llo fo the f o one Choose groups. in ork W a) Сл) 0 ) T ( WRITING b) A rrange y o u r ideas. Then com pare them w ith o th e r groups. r e th o ith w them pare com Then ideas. r u o y rrange A b) b) F in d a classm ate who has chosen the same topic. Compare and Compare topic. same the chosen has who ate classm a d in F b) a) B rainsto rm in d iv id u a lly fo r 5 m inutes on one o f the to p ics below. ics p to the f o one on inutes m 5 r fo lly a u id iv d in rm rainsto B a) There are some methods which help to generate ideas. generate tohelp which methods some are There BRAINSTORMING m ethods. Share y o u r experience in the group. the in experience r u o y Share ethods. m r n rus Ra n a y hv vrue h olowi g in w llo fo the used ever have u yo f i say and Read groups. in ork W WH-QUESTIONS paragraph o r an essay. an r o paragraph n ai t m or7miue n class. in inutes m 7 r fo rm sto in ra b and exchange y o u r ideas and try to g ro u p them to form the basis fo r a r fo basis the form to them p u ro g to try and ideas r u o y exchange FREE WRITING FREE CLUSTERING . more ideas. Now you have a good basis for writing. for basis good ahave you Now ideas. more . . ideas. Cross out unnecessary ideas. unnecessary out Cross ideas.. Nature 2 Family 3 3 Computer in Our Life Our in Computer 3 Holiday of Kind My 2 Education 1 1 My Future Plans Future My 1 fully as you can.you as fully the topic. Circle this new idea and draw some lines from lines some draw andidea new this Circle topic. the a Draw paper. aof middle inthe circled topic, the with it and write new associations. Continue until you have no have youuntil Continue associations. new write andit questions as many as you can, then answer them as them answer then can, youas many as questions Write how). why, where, when, what, (who, questions line from the circle and write an idea you associate with associate you idea an write and circle the linefrom Start associations. new creatively make and visual ideas Successful newspaper reporters always answer these answer always reporters newspaper Successful useful and interesting some for look and back go Then stop. to yourself allow Don’t limit. time aSet mind. your It means making a map of ideas. The purpose is to make isto purpose The ideas. of map a making means It Choose the topic and write down whatever comes to comes whatever down write and topic the Choose This ideas. related combine and listed have you what can be the basis for your paragraph or essay. or paragraph your for basis bethe can analyse time the After ingroups. or individually done as possible in words, phrases or sentences. It can be Itcan sentences. or phrases inwords, possible as Don’t try think logically, just write a list of ideas as quickly quickly as ideas of list a write logically, just think Don’t try pyouriesaou t Cmpeetets t n 1 inutes. m 15 in ith w task the plete Com it. ut abo ideas r u o y ap m hsn h ae topic. same the chosen Compare and exchange y o u r ideas w ith a classm ate who has who inutes. m ate 5 r fo classm a lly a ith u w id iv d ideas in r u o rite y freew and exchange and below ic p Compare to the Choose W ork in groups. Choose one o f the fo llo w in g to p ics and use c lu s te rin g to g rin te s lu c use and ics p to g in w llo fo the f o one Choose groups. in ork W 3 Write a short paragraph for your newspaper and present it in class.init present and newspaper your for paragraph short a Write 3 them. answer questions, of list the completing After 2 Do 1 You are a young reporter working for a daily newspaper. Develop a number number a Develop newspaper. daily afor working reporter young a You are 1 of Wh-questions about the terrible earthquake that struck Mexico City.Mexico struck that earthquake terrible the about Wh-questions of h oj olowi tei r i . s n tio c tru s in the g in w llo fo t c je ro p the Cooking 3 Shopping 2 1 Naturg| Disasters Naturg| WRITING NATURE G IS THE EARTH IN D A N G ER? ) 7 ( 2 VOCABULARY weather. But this cpn’t explain why fires ... at other times, when the weather is weather the when times, other at ... fires why explain cpn’t But this weather. same time, it can’t be an ...; it must be because someone started it. started someone because be must it ...; anbe itcan’t time, same not so hot. For example, when a fire starts in several different places at theat places different inseveral starts afire when example, For hot.so not homes as well. What are the ... of forest fires? forest of ... the are What well.as homes destroy could but trees of thousands ... only not will fires These hot weather. 8 Te ... They 7 6 Com plete the te x t w ith the w ords in the box. the in ords w the ith w t x te the plete Com ...I If 4 I u get ... guests If our 5 I eeyu ... IIyou, If were 3 accident... Monday that careful, more If were they 2 Com plete the sentences b y changing the form o f the verb in brackets. in verb the f o form the changing y b ... I If 1 sentences the plete Com fyu ... If you If you were not in a hurry, they ... hurry,they inanot were If you Some fires will simply be the result result bethe simply will fires Some the during always as of forest... lot abe probably will there summer This weekend. not speak English. speak not reduce, causes, occur, fires, natural, destroy, accident, guard accident, destroy, natural, occur,fires, causes, reduce, (be) (see) taller, I would play in a basketball team. basketball ainplay I would taller, ecn . h ubro ie yepoigmr epet ... to people more employing by fires of number the ... can We (meet) them tomorrow, please, let them know I am coming this coming Iam know themlet please, tomorrow, them nt invite) (not, (do) him, you will be the first to know.to first bethe will youhim, this work yesterday. work this (stay) the forests, but this can’t be something the something be can’t this but forests, the you to join the English club, if they had known you known had if they club,do English the to you join FOREST FIRES FOREST a bit longer, they will be able to meet our our meet to beable parents. will longer,they bit a of... government can’t afford. can’t government causes, particularly in hot, dry hot,in particularly causes, (explain) everything to you.to everything (happen). 4 READING LISTENING 3 We must be careful not tonot becareful must We 3 of... Earthwarns the Sometimes 2 A When the floods are a surprise, many people can drown. Every year people year Every drown. can people many surprise, a are floods the When A Read and re fe r the paragraphs (A-E) w ith the que stions (1-5) below. (1-5) stions que the ith w (A-E) paragraphs the r fe re and Read C Dams can reduce floods but some dams can cause them! There are often are There them! cause can dams some but floods reduce can Dams C 1 Our planet suffer from... suffer planet Our 1 В If there is a lot of rain, or very strong winds, floods can happen. can floods winds, strong very or rain, of lot isa If there В D The water in rivers, lakes or the ocean rises above its normal level and level normalits above rises ocean or the lakes rivers,in water The D L isten and com plete the sentences. the plete com and isten L provoke... oervr nBnlds n India and Bangladesh in rivers Some flood every year. People expect it,so expect People year. every flood not do governments) (and people many But them. ready for are people some year, every happen floods When furniture. their and houses their lose h ol hycngo od plants. good grow can They soil. the on minerals of lots are there down, go floods the When panic.no is there land.the onto goes radio. the on warnings’ 'flood properly. prepare П read and understand about natural hazards natural about and understand read П □ listen and understand the news about natural disasters disasters news natural about the and understand listen □ Г 1 talk about the ways the natural catastrophes affect catastrophes natural ways the the about talk 1 Г □ understand and use the 1st and the 2nd Conditionals Conditionals 2nd the and 1st the useand understand □ П ieisrcin fsf eaiu uiga atqaeo af .re or an during earthquake behaviour safe of giveinstructions □ [ s oemtost eeaeiesf rtn . writing r ideasfo usegenerate some to methods □ _ aadisaster newspaper about note write I I \ discuss our attitude to natural disasters natural to attitude discussour describe circumstances when a disaster occurs disaster awhen circumstances describe CAN YOU ... IN ENGLISH? S f ~ f S ENGLISH? ... YOU IN CAN CHECKYD П 4 How do they affect people? affect they Howdo 4 П happen? they do Where 3 П ^2 s ... as uhntrldssesas a disasters natural Such Natural disasters teach us... teach disasters Natural wellas ... send countries Different ... Ц 2 Why do they happen? they do Why 2Ц # T F « - ] 1 What are they? are What 1 ] 5 What can people do? people can What 5 or... make big problems. big make SKILLS * ...... 1 109 6 i > m m n Cl z > 0 ш ч л I H Л THE WORLD READING 7 DF PAINTING interests. He was considered the father of modern Ukrainian painting. 7 □ PAINTING OF WORLD THE 2 Shevchenko painted numerous portraits, self-portraits and landscapes with ї © Talk with your partner on the following items. b many architectural monuments of Ukraine. During the 19th century landscape z 1 What is the difference between a drawing and a painting? painting appeared as a separate genre, and not only in the works of 2 What are the subjects of your favourite pictures? Shevchenko. Inspired by romanticism, I. Sochenko, A. Kuindzhi, I. Aiva £ 3 What is your favourite painting? Ll zovskyi, S. Vasylkivskyi and I. Pokhytonov devoted their efforts to depicting □ 4 Who is your favourite painter? rural scenery at it most beautiful. Q E At that time Ukraine was called East European Italy. Artists from Russia and J Think and say if you agree with the European countries visited Ukraine to enrich themselves with new themes and tt statement. Explain why (why not). □ images. One of such artists was Vasyl Schternberg, a friend of Shevchenko, a master of lyrical landscape. Ш ( З ) Name some of the Ukrainian painters. F Odesa art school and Kyiv drawing school occupied an important place at the E a) Read the article and pay attention to the words beginning of the 20th century. Outstanding artists such as Mykola Murashko in bold. Consult a dictionary if necessary. and Mykola Pymonenko were prominent representatives of that time. Some ARTISTIC TRADITIONS IN UKRAINE artists of Ukrainian origin who taught in Kyiv school were Mikhail Vrubel, A As for as the development of art of painting in Ukraine is Vasilii Vasnitsovand lllia Repin. G Ukrainian art of the turn of the 20th century could not avoid the influence of the concerened, one should remember that the early period leading European art trends — impressionism and avant-garde tendencies. referred to icon-painting, that began to develop in Kyivan Rus in the end of the Kharkiv school of 1910-1930, where artists were under the influence of 10th century after Prince Volodymyr had baptised the state. Icon painters — constructivism, was notable for its originality. It was represented by mostly monks — depicted Christ, the Virgin, angels and saints. Byzantine A. Petrytskyi and V. Yermylov. O. Ekster spread the ideas of cubiform traditions were a model. Mosaic and frescos of St Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv is futurism in painting and worked in Kyiv. O. Bohomazov experimented with one of the most distinguished among the memorials of that period. The icon abstraction, Yurii Mykhailiv continued the traditions of the symbolists. The Virgin of Volyn’ which is regarded as a masterpiece belongs to the period Worldwide known Kazimir Malevich spoke of the influence of Ukrainian of the Old-Rus State the Halychyna-Volyn’. baroque and icon painting on his works. An original phenomenon of the early В Portrait painting as a separate genre appeared during the Renaissance (the 20th century was Mykhailo Boichuk Art School. It combined the traditions of 16th century) and was strongly influenced by the icon tradition. The first folk picture, local primitive painting and the principles of religion art. portraits included portrayals of nobles and Cossack chiefs. H Ukrainian art of Soviet period is represented by many talented painters: C Many Ukrainian painters were attracted to the new Academy of Arts in St T. Yablonska, Y. Bokchai, O. Shovkunenko, R. Selskyi, S. Shyshko, V. Zaretskyi Petersburg (1757), which cultivated the classicist style of painting then popular and many others. M. Pryimachenko became a unique phenomenon having no in Europe. Well-known Ukrainian artists of that period are D. Levytskyi, analogues in world art. She is considered as a classic of Ukrainian folk art. K. Holovachevskyi, V. Borovykovskyi. I Present-day Ukrainian art is developing in harmony with world art. National D Ukrainian art of the middle of the 19th century was closely connected with the theme remains topical in painting — in thematic and historical pictures, name of T. Shevchenko, who devoted most of his painting to Ukrainian landscapes, associative and formalistic works. Gipsy Fortune Teller. A Cossack of the Zaporo- Ship in the Stormy Sea. - Taras Shevchenko zhean Sich. Ilia Repin Ivan Aivazovskyi Face to Face. Selianska Rodyna. Rizdviani Vorozhinnia. * -i - rfy &. ' I 7 112 THE WORLD OF PAINTING ® READING 4 a particular type of art, which has which art, of type particular a 4 9 a person who belongs to a certain ato belongs who person a 9 8 11 6 a picture that you have5 in your mind (E) 7 well-known and important (F) important and well-known 7 3 to use talent, paintings, pictures, etc. in order to help something be something help to inorder etc. pictures, paintings, talent,use to 3 (A) or writing pictures in especially something, describe to 2 10 n h rsi h tcl t th hs i tons. n itio fin e d these atch m t a th le rtic a the in ords w the ind F 1 someone who produces art, especially paintings or drawings drawings or paintings especially art, produces who someone 1 ) edteari e gi n ef t prgah (A-l) paragraphs its r fe re and again le rtic a the Read b) to do something that expresses the expresses that something do to isworth that unusual, or interesting interesting because it deals with itdeals because interesting the main subject or idea in a piece ina idea or subject main the group of people (F) people of group aof etc. manners, opinions, feelings, group of people (H) people of group examples of this type share (B) share type this of examples all that characteristics certain (D) successful being noticed or mentioned (G) mentioned or noticed being I I 9 What style did Academy of Arts in St Petersburg St inof Arts didAcademy style What 9 I I П □ □ □ □ □ (1-9). questions the to □ □ present time (I) time present theat important is that something of painting (I) painting of 8 1 Who represented Ukrainian painting art of Soviet period? Soviet of art painting Ukrainian represented Who cultivate? When did portrait painting appear as a separate genre? separate a as appear painting portrait did When Italy? European East called Ukraine was Why of the beginning art? What art schools played an important role at theat role important an played schools art What Ukrainian present-day the of tendencies the are What Byzantine traditions? Byzantine of influence strong the under was painting of genre What symbolism? and abstraction What period is connected with the development of of development the with isconnected period What painting? Ukrainian modern of father bethe to isconsidered Who 20 th century? th o b 'nsP'et* 're P s n ' be to o pr e te a g a p ro p to o e te o v e d to t ic p e d to to re p re s e n t t n e s re p re to heme e m e th a y c n e d n te a ry e n e c s a e n ce [ s a e c ie rp te s a m a e m fa e re n e g a e g a im an t rtis a an " D R O W LE IL F [feim] [feim] nfuenced d e c n e flu in ['зшігз] ['зшігз] [si:n] [si:n] [0i:m ] ] [0i:m ['a:tist] ['a:tist] [di'pikt] [di'pikt] [’ітісіз] [’ітісіз] [di’vaot] [di’vaot] ['si:nari ] ['si:nari [’tendansi] [’tendansi] [.repri'zent] [’prDpageit] [’prDpageit] [m'spaiad] ma:st9pi:s] ma:st9pi:s] ------['influanst] (paragraph C) y b the development of development the tic and intellectual and tic as prominent... Such Queen. the andKing the otatwih . much ... which portrait works.his by influenced Reynolds, Gainsborough and Lawrence were Lawrence and Gainsborough Reynolds, English painting. English • the tendencies of the painting development in Ukraine in development painting the of tendencies the • century 20th early inthe life art Ukrainian the • painting Russian of influence the • painting portrait Ukrainian • art oldest the of examples the as frescoes • He ... a ... of aristocra of ... a ... He England the painter spent most of his time painting his time of most spent painter the England in year hisfirst during and London to Dyck English of father the really Dyck was Vanpainter Flemish The painters. byforeign ... greatly it was r n rus Seko tef l ng tms. item g in w llo fo the on Speak groups. in ork W ... School. The English king personally invited Vaninvited personally king English The School. ... period that during and great... of number a by ... Com plete the te x t w ith the w ords in the box. the in ords w the ith w t x te the plete Com icon-painting tradition icon-painting Painting in England in the 17th-19th centuries is centuries 17th-19th inthe England in Painting William Hogarth William Self Self portrait. to a high level of importance. He wasn't a success success a Hewasn't importance. of level higha to as a portrait.... But his pictures of social life whichlife social of pictures his But portrait.... aas under the title ‘Marriage a la Mode’. laa ‘Marriage title the under are works hisfavourite position. Among and ... him brought subject’ moral ‘modern hecalled King of England of King at the Hunt.the at Van Dyck Van Charles I Charles masters, painter, artists, painter, masters, was the first great great first the was school of painting was painting of school national the century raised British pictorial art pictorial British raised Hogarth William created. English painter who painter English represented represented nlecd created, influenced, uigte 18th the During READING portrait, fame, portrait, Self Self portrait. Van Dyck Van 4 f І v % 6 (x2), pictures genre H H 113 7 H WRD F PAINTING OF WORLD THE 7 114 THE WORLD OF PAINTING © 1 VOCABULARY 9 a piece a 9 8 th h ords w the atch M Aivazovskyi Yablonska She He Levytskyi Shevchenko Aivazovskyi Pymonenko Borovykovskyi Repin Malevich a Dyck Van Rembrandt Michelangelo Reynolds Gainsborough W rite as m any true sentences as yo u can. u yo as sentences true any m as rite W a scene a afresco lifestill a sitter a portrait a a seascape seascape a landscape a painting a describes depicts reflects portrays was a was is t hei i tons. n itio fin e d ir e th ith w a beautiful woman. beautiful a river,the onmill a tree, talla children, of group a a brilliant a a distinguished a outstanding an a prominent a 'c this word is used as a general term meaning ‘work’, meaning term general aas usedis word this 'c f this word is used in expressions: city scene, country country scene, city expressions: in usedis word this f e is a picture, a canvas a picture, a is e g is a picture representing a scenery of nature or nature of scenery a representing picture isa g h is a painting of such unanimated subjects as fruit,as subjects unanimated such of painting isa h portrait his having is who model) (subject, person isa d a is a painting or other artistic representation of the sea the of representation artistic other or painting isa a і is a painting, picture or representation of a person, aof representation or picture painting, a is і b is a picture on a wall or ceiling or wall aon picture a is b especially of a face generally drawn from life from drawn generally face aof especially things decorative other or flowers countryside scene battle scene, street scene, historical scene, painted ‘picture’ prominent brilliant artist portraitist. representative painter painter of still-life. sea-scape. battle scenes. battle landscape. nature. scenes. pastoral fte18th the of to portray portray to capture to a trend trend a baroque baroque — » D R O W E L I F 17th 19th [trend] [ba'rok] [po:'trei] ['kaeptja] century. 3 Ш o h ntngs n ef ah(-) oteaporae trend. appropriate the to (a-і) each r fe re and s g tin in a p the t a k Loo Rising Sun. Rising le -(J} Klee k! ) № !^ !k a W ^ ^ VOCABULARY | | primitive | Ц reallsm □ impressionism □ | futurism | | classicism | avant-garde □ I icon I folk □ abstraction 115 7 H WRD F PAINTING OF WORLD THE 116 THE WORLD OF PAINTING 3 2 1 R A M M A R G B h i'eIarvd h ly.. ( ... play the I arrived, tir'ie By the 4 Sedd’ a ntiga h at eas ... because party the at anything eat didn’t She 2 H ... He 3 4 ... midnight, I had finished the magazine article. magazine the I hadfinished midnight, ... 4 2 past.inthe action • The Past Perfect Tense is often used with the following words and phrases: and words following the with used isoften Tense Perfect Past The • 5 They had had dinner before Lilly arrived.Lilly before dinner hadhad They 5 4 home. come had mumhis until bed to go didn’t He 2 The P a st P e rfe c t t c rfe e P st a P The 3 Nick read the book after he had seen the film. the seen hadhe after book the read Nick 3 dinner. hadfinished we ... TV I watched 5 bed.into I got ... my teeth clean to I hadforgotten 3 ples: Exam Com plete b y changing the form o f the verb in brackets in to the Past Perfect. Past the to in brackets in verb f the o form the changing y b plete Com Tna ... Tania 1 Choose A o r В so that it has a s im ila r m eaning to the firs t sentence (1-5). sentence t firs the to eaning m r ila im s a arrived. has visitors the when house the it had tidied We 1that so В r o A Choose Com plete the sentences w ith the w ords in the box. the in ords w the ith w 1 sentences the plete Com ... I went to bed, I had turned off the radio. off the Iturned had bed, to I went ... a elyhnr sI antetnayhn .. breakfast. ... anything eaten I hadn’t as hungry really I was A A lesson had started. Mike had already eaten his pizza pizza his eaten already had Mike started. had lesson A A A by, b y th e tim e , b e fo re , afte r, ju s t, w h e n : : n e h w t, s ju r, afte , re fo e b , e tim e th y b by, В В В В В Ms Williams hadn’t arrived at the office by the time John got there. got John time bythe office the at arrived hadn’t MsWilliams Nadia to tell her she would be late.be would she her tell to Nadia Lilly arrived and then they had dinner. had they then and arrived Lilly John arrived before Ms Williams. Ms before arrived John John. before arrived Williams Ms Nick saw the film and then he read the book. the read he then and film the saw Nick film. the saw he then and book the read Nick bed.to went he then and home came mum His home.came mum his then and bed to went He They had dinner and then Lilly arrived. Lilly then and dinner They had The visitors arrived and later we tidied the house.the tidied we later and arrived visitors The arrived. visitors the then and house theWe tidied o D P ------БRAMMAR ------(just/finish) I (not/finish) After I After Bill Bill T N had had is used to show a past action that happened before another another before happened that action past a show to usedis a i shed d e h is fin had his homework when the teacher came in. came teacher the when homework his just just pAST pERFECT TENSE (Минулий перфектний час) час) перфектний (Минулий TENSE pERFECT pAST doing the housework by five o’clock, so she called she so o’clock, by five housework the doing i shed d e h is fin the text I left.text the the test when the bell rang.bell the when test the starty. B y the tim e e tim the y B (she/already/eat) before before o ocas the class, to Igot I got home.I got before when after at home.at for by 4 t nerp [it'At ееиаи припиняти 1toпереривати; [.inta'rApt] — interrupt Lucy hadher ... 4cup of tea for several minutes before she realised it had salt in it! 5 Had you already ... Mark his birthday present when we gave him ours?him gave we when present birthday his Mark ... already Hadyou 5 4 She was tired because ... because tired was She 4 3 I had only ... the washing-up for a few minutes when Nina came home, sohome, Ninacame when minutes afew for washing-up the ... Ihadonly 3 before.plane in a never... hadI because experience a Itfantastic was 2 5 The garden was flooded because ... because flooded was garden The 5 3 2 floor.thebox on empty anwas There 4 5 He was out of breath. of out Hewas 5 wet.was ground The 2 1 Rita hadn’t ... me that she would help me, so I wasn’t angry when she didn't.she when angry I wasn’t me,so help wouldshe methat ... hadn’t Rita 1 eb nt tePs retContinuous. C erfect P Past the to in verbs red. Herwere eyes 3 (a-e). cause its ith w (1-5) lt u s re each Match Com plete the sentences using the prom pts in brackets and p u ttin g the g ttin u p and brackets in pts prom the using sentences the plete Com We rie ... Iarrived When 1 sofa.theon book openan was There 1 Choose the co rre ct tense form (a) o r (b) to com plete each sentence. each plete com to (b) r o (a) form tense ct rre co the Choose the past before another action (Past Simple) happened or interrrupted or happened Simple) (Past action another before past the • The Past Perfect Continuous is often used with the following words and words following the usedwithis often Continuous Perfect Past The • ples: Exam Past Perfect Continuous is used to show an action that was in progress inprogress inwas that action anshow tousedis Continuous Perfect Past hnIgttee ... I there,got When ... because hot were They a) given b) been giving been b) given a) a) drunk b) been drinking been b) drunk a) doing been b) done a) flying been b) flown a) a) told b) been telling been b) told a) she offered to finish it. to finish offeredshe been reading the book book the reading been day. day. phrases: for, since, before, all day/night/etc.: day/night/etc.: all before, since, for, phrases: He R A M M A R G T N I O P Mary had been studying studying been had Mary a en r ni g in in tra been had We had a break because we because Webreak ahad PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE CONTINUOUS PERFECT PAST (they/wait/for over half hour). an half over (they/wait/for (they/not/wait/long). ------sin ce ce sin for three years when he painted this masterpiece. this whenhe painted three years for (run). (dance). (Минулий перфектно-тривалий час) перфектно-тривалий (Минулий yesterday evening. yesterday fo r r fo hours, so she had a headache. He had He headache. ahad she so hours, (it/rain/all night).(it/rain/all had been w orking orking w been had e He had been running.beenhad He e d It had been raining,been It had d reading,beenhad He c crying,beenhad She a b They had been eating pizza,eating beenhad They b Meg had been studying studying been had Meg R A M M A R G sohard. 1 it. ll a 117 7 H WRD F PAINTING OF WORLD THE LISTENING LISTENING 1 Work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions. Read the information. Then imagine you’ve visited the National Gallery 1 Why do people go to museums and galleries? in London. Describe your visit there. 2 Which famous museums do you know? THE NATIONAL GALLERY COLLECTION 3 Which of museums have you visited? The National Gallery was founded in 1824 and houses the national collection of 4 Exposition of which museum would you like to see? Western Europe in painting: over 2,000 pictures from 1260 to 1900. The Collection represents all the major European schools of painting and includes 5 What makes people create works of art? masterpieces by virtually all the great artists. It is arranged by period in four wings: 6 What makes people collect them? Sainsbury Wing: Painting from 1260 to 1510 including Piero della Francesca, 7 What makes people go to see them in museums and other places? Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Bellini and Raphael. West Wing: Painting from 1510 to 1600 including Cranach, Michelangelo, 2 Work in small groups. Explain the meanings of the words Holbein, Bronzino, Titian, Veronese and El Creco. and phrases below. North Wing: Painting from 1600 to 1700 including Rubens, Van Dyck, • a handy map • to borrow an audio guide for a free Poussin, Claude, Velazques, Rembrandt and Vermeer. • an entrance ticket • photography is permitted East Wing: Painting from 1700 to 1900 including Gainshorough, • to avoid the crowds • be organised into ‘wings’ Turner,Constable, Monet, Renoir, Cezanne, Van Gogh and Seurat. • reasonably priced cafes • a personal discovery Tate-National Exchange. Each year National Gallery and some other of Britain’s or foreign galleries exchange paintings Listen to the advice and explain what in an agreement. For example, this year it s h o u ld yo u do to get an audio guide. f exchanges with Tate Gallery and the Staten Museum for Kunst in Copenhagen. Listen again and answer the questions. Gallery Guide soundtrack. A unique portable CD-player which provides audio commentaries to almost every painting displayed on the main floor. Available at no 1 Do you need to buy a map? obligatory charge at the main entrance and Sainshury Wing foyer, it allows visitors to 2 What should you visit first? call up information on pictures of their choice. A highlights tour of 30 great paintings is f t U t t %Ч 3 When should you see the galleries that available in six languages: English, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish. Л\Н 10UVM most interest you? Why? Computer Information Room: ‘Micro Gallery’. A computerised information 4 Where can you have lunch? system of the entire Collection enabling visitors to explore individual areas of 5 What should you do in the afternoon? interest whether it is a particular painting, artist, period or 6 Can you take photographs? subject matter. Use of the system is free of charge. Sains 7 Do you have to pay for audio guides? bury Wing, first floor. Open Monday to Saturday 10 am to 5:30 pm 8 What do you have to remember (Wednesday until 7:30 pm), if you borrow one? Why? д в С Д Я Sunday 12 noon to 5:30 pm. http://www.louvre.fr І «ustt $?,o7 www.nationalgallery.org.uk Pq.oo € THE WORLD OF PAINTING 2 1 3 SPEAKING I I I I Read the dialogue and id e n tify the p a rticip a n ts. A c t it o u t in pairs. in t u o museum? it the of t expositions c A ts. n a rticip a p the tify n e id and dialogue the Read situated? museum isthe Where 3 the about tell you can What last? 5 museum ato go you did When 2 I I I I I I 1 Do you often go to museums? 4 Who built it? built Who 4 s. item g in w llo fo the on r museums? to go e often Doyou rtn 1 a p r u o y ith w Talk rmfrom W ork in pairs. Com plete the dialogue w ith the sentences the ith w dialogue the plete Com pairs. in ork W ee: ... Peter: Nick: Peter: Nick: ... Peter: ee: ... Peter: Nick: Nick: ... Peter: Nick: AtoE I’m going to Lviv to visit some visit Lvivto to I’mgoing What interesting exhibits exhibits interesting What It’s good you’ve shared your impressions with me with impressions your shared you’ve It’sgood gallery picture a Is there Thanks, Pete, bye. Pete, Thanks, do they display? they do city. the of museums the of in the city? inthe I’m impatient to see it all with my own eyes.ownmy itallwith see to impatient I’m ... (page 121) and dram atise it. atise dram and 121) (page « A: B: B: Yes, we have a fine collection of their paintings onthe paintings their of collection fine ahave Yes, we masters? Renaissance by paintings have Doyou Thank you very much. very you Thank second floor. Just go up this staircase, then walk along the along walk then staircase, upthis go Just floor. second corridor and cross the hall of the 19th century masters. 19thcentury the of hall the cross and corridor A: A: A: B: B: Oh, I am sure you will enjoy seeing our seeing enjoy will you sure Iam Oh, visit myfirst is this Yousee,you. Yes, thank CanI help you? I see you are in a difficulty. Of course, I understand that. I know that this I knowthat that. I understand course, Of What is it you would like to see today? see to like itwould isyou What to this gallery.this to to get a full impression of the museum. the of impression afull get to again and again here come to have You will collections. Only one visit here is not enough.not ishere visit one Only collections. the world, and I cannot hope to see to hope Icannot and world, the of galleries art richest the of one is gallery everything in one day.onein everything 4 OURI G IN R U TO A Well, there are many things dating back to dating things many are there Well, A C I say, Nick, what are you doing on Sunday? on doing you are Iwhat Nick,say, C D Oh, yes, and by the way, it’s very rich. It’srich. it’svery way, bythe and yes, Oh, D nice journey. a Have В E Oh; that’s wonderful. I’ve Oh;been at that’s historical thewonderful. E 1897 artists of the iqth-20th cent, avant-garde^ cent, iqth-20th the of artists D iscuss it to choose one place to v is it. E xplain y o u r choice to the class. the to choice r u o y xplain E it. is v to place one choose to it iscuss D r n rus Ra h nfr to rm i ieok( .121-122). p (p uidebook G yiv K from ation form in the Read groups. in ork W (Architects n th -18th cent., pictures by Ukrainian Ukrainian by pictures cent., -18th th n weapons, articles made of bone, stone, iron stone, bone, of made articles weapons, pieces of arts, including icons of the the of icons including arts, of pieces manuscripts. different and silver or of kinds all glassware, coins, of collections embroidery, national times: ancient and still life. They mostly belong to Ukrainian to belong mostly life.They still and seascapes landscapes, portraits, pictures, of artists. awell-known Stefanyk, Vasylafter named museum in Lviv.It’s really worth visiting. collections beautiful has It writer. Ukrainian Situated in the building building the in Situated - 99 the the 6 6 ). The museum museum The ). M ykhaila ykhaila M 1st ■ Closed: Mondays Closed: ■ public public P. Boitsov, P.Boitsov, Open: Open: ushevs’koho o h o k ’ s v e h s ru H museum OF ARTS OF UKRAINE OFARTS OF 9 : 30 holds over over holds V.Horodets’kyi, - 18:00 18:00 that in Kyiv Kyiv in was was St 20,000 We could... We Why not to visit...? to not Why To my way of thinking, of way my To one’s this mind, my To to... idea good a be would It about... think Let’s We need to consider... to need We In my opinion, this one this opinion, my In is... museum the Perhaps Another reason is that... is reason Another In my view, this one this view, my In o nte, ... another, For thing... one For to offer offer to include to hold to display to contain to exposition an exponent an exhibit an an item item an • to be to • SPEAKING S E S A R H P Making a Choice Choice a Making o D R O W LE IL F [haold] [haold] [’Dfa] [’aitam] [’aitam] would be better. better. be would available display a on Leksi'bijn] Leksi'bijn] [di'splei] [di'splei] this one’s fine. fine. one’s this more suitable. suitable. more [in'klu:d] [in'klu:d] [kan’tein] [kan’tein] [ik'spaonant] [ik'spaonant] is the best. best. the is [.ekspa'zifn] [.ekspa'zifn] ------ 121 7 THE THE OL O PAINTING OF WORLD SPEAKING 7 o :ng lish □ NATIONAL MUSEUM z OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO UKRAINIAN APPLIED h ^R T MUSEUM 7 z Established in 1949 in the former 1 pSSS m SS&ST' ,he fom of,he verb ,n brackets fnto»• DF" PAINTING WDRLD THE < mansion of M. Tereshchenko. The a °f^from ,hecoS notte S ,a"d 1 Complete the text with the words in the box. masters, representatives, portraitist, created, landscape impressionists, outstanding, painted, sitter, countryside, observation, painting, contain, well-known ENGLISH PAINTERS The Museum was founded as the Sir Joshua Reynolds was the most (1)... portraitist of Kyiv Picture Gallery in 1922 and the second half of 18th century. In December 1768 the based on private collections. It is , Privat^ollectionoftheKhaS'SOfa Royal Academy was founded and Reynolds became its situated in the mansion of La*er, the museum Khan^kos. Joshua Reynolds. first president. He (2)... a whole gallery of portraits of the F. Tereshchenko. Its collections important collection d S°me other Selfportrait most famous people of that period. He usually (3) his contain 12,000 pieces of painting, West European apd^hS; 'nc nS the ; characters in heroic (4)... and sculpture, graphic and applied ho,ds 17,000 exhibits Th ? ? t/ng' (t showed them as the best people arts. The museum is famous for a collections am th 6 fullest of the nation. collection of icons of the I 2th-i7th RenaissanceofthpSe° / the,ta,/an But the leading (5)... of his day cent. There is also a collection of DUtc h a „d C * hhen,7,h:’8*h« " ‘-, was Thomas Lawrence. He the i 8th-20th cent, paintings. Pa,"«ngofthe,8t h « " t f French became painter to George III in jj^y o fth e ,a^ ; pan?« 1792 and president of the Royal Tereshchenkivs’ka St 9 Academy (1820-1830). Queen Open: : - 10 00 17:00 15-17 Tereshchenkivs'ka c* Charlotte is one of his finest Closed: Wednesdays, Thursdays C(0 ®Pen-' ,0 -'3 0 -17;oo Thomas Lawrence. portraits. Cd: Mondays. Tuesdays Selfportrait Queen Charlotte. Thomas Lawrence 123 124 7 THE WORLD OF PAINTING 4 'a 'a John Selfportrait Constable. Selfportrait Gainsborough. Thomas USEYOUR ENGLISH forerunner forerunner Step 4 Vote for the best report. best the for Vote 4 Step Step 3 Report to the group. the to Report 3 Step Step 2 Prepare a talk. When pairs are formed, each pair is given five given is pair each formed, are pairs When talk.a Prepare 2 Step pair. his/her for search group the of Members pair. your Find 1 Step groups. Make cards w ith som e facts abo ut the p a in te r (one card fo r each fact). each r fo card (one r te in a p the ut abo facts e som ith w cards Make hr yb ad. sti e actcrsoef ahofot r e th o f o each r fo one cards t c fa r u o y te u trib is D cards. 5 be ay m There W ork in g roup s o f 2-3. Choose one o f the fam ous painters. ous fam the f o one Choose 2-3. f o s roup g in ork W the first English artist to paint his native his paint to artist English first the ACtaei onil, TheLoch). Cornfield, a in (ACottage impressionists. much poetry and music. He is sometimes considered the forerunner the considered sometimes is He music. and poetry much English artists to paint his native land native his paint to artists English influenced the English school of landscape landscape of school English the influenced John Constable, an English landscape painter, painted many many painted painter, landscape English an Constable, John minutes to find as many facts about that person as they can. they as person that about facts many as find to minutes fact.the to person the match to have They [7з:глпз] [7з:глпз] 'that art should be based on based be should art 'that — попередник — of his art are sensed very strongly. very sensed are art his of of romanticism. But the realistic qualities realistic But the romanticism. of established by Reynolds. He insisted He Reynolds. by established nature and feeling. He was the herald the He was feeling. and nature (13) the to close very are colouring and Histechnique air. open inthe working make his sketchis make nature from directly hes should painter every that considered a true impression of the ( the of impression true a .... Beaufort. Portrait of the Dutchess of Dutchess the of Portrait theof One colours. favourite most famous works isthe works famous most hisare green andBlue tones. portraits are painted in clear clear in painted are portraits and aand of the greatest ( greatest the of English school, was a portraitist portraitist a was school, English Thomas Gainsborough, one Gainsborough, Thomas Constable ignored the rules the ignored Constable (7)... He managed to create to managed He ane. His painter. 6 )... He is the first landscape painter who painter landscape first isthe He Sne, TheBridge (Sunset, of the of (10)... 8 2aherald (9).... )... (14)... so sincerely. His works (11)... (11)... works His sincerely. so . Gainsborough greatly greatly .Gainsborough He was one of first the of one He was [’herald] [’herald] of 2 Thomas Gainsborough Thomas n tes. Hewas others). and — вісник, провісник вісник, — John Constable John (12)... in a Cornfield. a in 1 of theof ______A Cottage A works works Sunset. 6 7 8 ) r n ar. panec hertemennsoftef l ng in w llo fo the f o eanings m the r e th o each xplain E pairs. in ork W a) b) Exchange y o u r ideas w ith another pair. another ith w ideas r u o y Exchange b) a rtis ts and th e ir p a in tin g s to the visito r. W ork in pairs. the in ork W about r. ething visito som the Tell to . s n g tin itio ib in a xh p e ir e the th t a and ts guide a rtis are a u yo agine Im Tate Britain displays the world’s world’s the displays Britain Tate the 16th to the 21st century. The century.21st 16ththe to the choice. r u o y explain and resent P it. is v to works of J. Turner, the great great the J.Turner,of works W ork in groups. Read abo ut the a rt g a lle rie s in London and choose one choose and London in s rie lle a g rt a the ut abo Read groups. in ork W international modern art once art modern international art from British of collection largest pieces... battle Iprefer 4 Yousee... genres. other to landscape Iprefer 2 Modem. at heldnow ishere housed lives... still for much Icare 3 landscape painter. landscape Choose one o f the item s below to w rite a paragraph on it. on paragraph a rite w to below s item the f o one Choose 1 My preference lies with the genre genre the lieswith preference My 1 statem ents and say i f y o u agree. u o y f i say and ents statem 4 Art brings people up and makes them more humane and kinder.and humane more them makes upand people brings Art 4 world. inner our enriches and outlook our forms Art 2 6 value. educational great ahas Art 3 5 Art holds up people’s spirits in the tragic moments of their lives. their of moments tragic inthe spirits people’s up holds Art 5 1 It’s hard to overestimate the role of art in one's life. inone's art of role the overestimate to hard It’s 1 The language of art is universal.is art of language The In the Galleries there are there Galleries Inthe LI Tate books. There are pictures of kings, queens, kings, of pictures are There books. from all periods since the late 14thcentury. late the since periods all from of... poets, musicians, artists, thinkers, heroes thinkers, artists, musicians, poets, names which are familiar from the history the from familiar are which names National Portrait Gallery is a wonderful iswonderful a Gallery Portrait National lecture theatre. It also houses temporary temporary houses It also theatre. lecture "V The gallery has a new restaurant and aand restaurant new ahas gallery The because... exhibitions and has an excellent shop excellent anhas and exhibitions I museum that holds portraits of main of portraits holds that museum bm characters of Britain giving faces to faces giving Britain of characters J ■ XL selling books on art.onbooks selling N H 125 7 H WRD F PAINTING OF WORLD THE 126 7 THE WORLD ОГ PAINTING 9 2mankind 1to reject USE YD U R ENGLISH Vinchi or Rembrandt and Rublev? Shall we reject them? reject we Shall Rublev? and Rembrandt or Vinchi We know that many people today reject today people many that know We Share y o u r o p in io n s u sin g the ideas below. ideas the g sin u s n io in p o r u o y Share Read and d iscu ss the problem in class. in problem the ss iscu d and Read But what shall we do about the great works of Raphael and Leonardo da Leonardo and Raphael of works great the about do we shall But what most kept on permanent display. permanent onkept most National Gallery has over 2,300 paintings 2,300 over has Gallery National The artists. outstanding other many Constable, by works are There years. Leonardo da Vinci, Diego Belazquez and Belazquez Diego Vinci, da Leonardo the over grew collection The collection. national aof start the became these and Rembrands and Raphael by works ogt3 ao anig, including paintings, major 38 bought National Gallery has existed since early early since existed has Gallery National 19th century. In 1824 the government government 1824the In 19thcentury. 1 centuries. collective experience of of experience collective human spiritual life of many of life spiritual human one of the greatest treasures treasures greatest of the one history of its civilization. its of history mankind Old painting reflects the reflects painting Old Painting of old masters is masters oldof Painting [ri'd3ekt] [ri'd3ekt] (msn'kaind] (msn'kaind] 2 o l r frmdr art modern for art old for hscletd inthe collected has — відкидати, відхиляти відхиляти відкидати, — — людство — trend are Monet, Pissarro, Renoir and others. and Renoir Pissarro, Monet, are trend Its collection of paintings has been displayed been has paintings of Itscollection small but spectacular Institute of Gallery.of Art Institute spectacular but small Itais building. Georgian elegant the House, Samuel Courtauld. On display are works by works are display On Courtauld. Samuel Botticelli, Bellini and Rubens. Impressionist Impressionist Rubens. and Bellini Botticelli, and Post-Impressionist paintings draw the draw paintings Post-Impressionist and most attention. Among the masters of this of masters the Among attention. most Worship 2 1 New times call for new songs. new for call Newtimes 1 here since 1990 due to the philanthropist philanthropist the to 1990due since here Somerset House is located in Somerset Somerset in located is House Somerset 1 old art and protect new trends in art.in trends new protect andart old of turning back all the time. the allback turning of progressive new of development the r.W hudlo owr instead forward look should We art. his own experience. ownhis in the art reflecting his own time and time ownhis reflecting art inthe Modern man is naturally interested naturally is man Modern 3worship 3 of old masters is a drag ondrag a is masters old of ['w3.Ji p] — поклоніння; — обожнювання 1 1an antiquity You should focus on meaning and not grammar.not and meaning on focus You should Successful writers know that writing is mostly rewriting. mostly is writing that know writers Successful product yet. As you write the first draft, you need to follow your your follow to need you draft, first the write you yet. As product is a process and you should until continue you are satisfied with the final product. have all included from Dothe the draft.secondcorrections not forget that writing the writing — stage final the for ready are you Now content the change may (you REVISING 1 into; divided be Itcan finished anot is it But essay. an or paragraph a writing means Drafting 4 Read the concluding sentence. concluding the Read 4 2 What is the topic sentence? Underline the controlling idea. controlling the Underline sentence? topic isthe What 2 3 Look at the next few sentences. What do we call these sentences? sentences? these call dowe What sentences. next few the at Look 3 W ork in pairs. 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There are transitional words and phrases of allof phrases and words transitional are There logical. and spatial another. oneto sentences connecting logically phrases or words are They transitions. are words linking of type common most The words. demonstrative pronouns, the use of synonyms and various linking various and synonyms of use the pronouns, demonstrative sentences to each other. They include: personal pronouns, personal include: other.They each to sentences which means ‘hold together’. ‘hold means which in some kind of logical order which makes the text easy to read.to easy text the makes which order logical of kind insome ordered are sentences the means It principle. certain ato according completeness and coherence. and completeness Owing a car has certain disadvantages. Firstly, it is rather expensive expensive rather is it Firstly, disadvantages. certain has car a Owing An essay is a piece of writing consisting of several paragraphs. several of consisting writing of piece ais essay An There are three basic types of logical ordering: chronological, chronological, ordering: logical of types basic three are There Cohesive devices are various methods of connecting connecting of methods various are devices Cohesive To achieve coherence in writing, sentences must be arranged arranged bemust sentences inwriting, coherence To achieve The word COHERENCE comes from the Latin verb ‘cohere’, verb Latin the from comes COHERENCE word The unity,have also must essay or paragraph A well-written (? ® 4 ) edteesyaddcd whttp t eog t ‘oradagai st’ in a g a and r ‘fo a : to belongs it type hat w decide and essay the Read a) been used to attract the reader’s attention and interest? and attention reader’s the attract to used been interest. 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Use the Essay the Use lives. r u o in rt a f o le ro the on essay rt o h s a rite W . f ' ’ г к : і £ 5 * - - ї к 4 Are transitional words and phrases used correctly and effectively? and correctly used phrases and words transitional Are 4 3 Is a concluding sentence used? sentence concluding Isa 3 point? each structure. explain to details enough give sentences Dosupporting paragraph 2 the on stions e u q the iscuss D Body: Introduction: Conclusion: s. item Transitions: 1 Does each paragraph have a topic sentence? topic ahave paragraph each Does 1 ' * - — * * Z Z Z Z • eyig<*«- - « * < iBg y te think that reading reading that think i lhuhmn epe efhathey e tth a fth ie d b y r people many although e tim vr idofea dwonderful w d a fre o kind every do not know know not do edn cn be. can b o o b reading Taking Taking Is the method of ordering / organisation appropriate for the topic? the for appropriate organisation / ordering of method Isthe sentence(s) and a final comment? a final and sentence(s) used correctly and effectively? (coherence) effectively? and correctly used in a proper way? What technique is used?is technique What way? proper ina everythi everythi Are transitional words and phrases between body paragraphs paragraphs body between phrases and words transitional Are Does the concluding paragraph have both concluding concluding both have paragraph concluding the Does b) Guess w hy the p u p il received il p u p the hy w Guess b) Does the introductory paragraph attracts the reader’s attention reader’s the attracts paragraph introductory the Does how D iscuss it w ith y o u r partner. r u o y ith w it iscuss D exciting ^ g 00 irU0 acut Ml M I account, д w(js(e 0/ w(js(e д t0 avoid і ss@@“ @ @ s fs a bad m ark fo r th is essay. is th r fo ark m bad had breakfast Mum had already called qrandma and grandpa. 2 ) ) 2 immediately started shoutingwithjoy. By the time I(&) had had breakfast/ 1 VOCABULARY waiting waited/ for. when Mum and T>ad(s) hear had/ heard the news,they GRAMMAR 'English A■ M^hs biology A French A A...' This was the news had run up and pulled them out of my hand! She read them out one by one. е и л / e U r p e .b e f o r e I( ues h .. Ifn agrt yVlzuzaduiu yatn/ia ... Byzantine/Sinai unique and Velazquez by Margaret’ ‘Infant ... the Rubens, Reynolds, Hals, Bellini, of paintings the are exhibits the Among funds. museum inthe ... 17,000 are There period. Renaissance of ... find can you Cabinet of collection the features Cabinet Green The Khanenko. Bohdan archeologist Medieval Art, the Golden Cabinet... objects of Rococo epoch and in the Red in the and epoch Rococo of objects Cabinet... Golden the Art,Medieval Com plete the te x t w ith the w ords in the box. the in ords w the ith w t x te the plete Com edadcos h r es om. form tense t c rre o c the choose and Read ,xvected them for the last week. Museum of Art was founded in 1919 on the basis of the private ... of Kyiv of ... private the of basis the 1919on in founded of was Art Museum MUSEUM OF ART AFTER BOHDAN AND VARVARA KHANENKO KHANENKO VARVARA AND BOHDAN AFTER OF ART MUSEUM atric,cnan,ehbt, ic,cleto, anig, icons paintings, collection, piece, exhibits, contains, masterpiece, of the 6th-7th centuries written by wax paint. Interesting exhibits are exhibits Interesting paint. bywax written centuries 6th-7th the of the picture of horseman (5th-6th centuries), ritual Chinese bell Chinese ritual centuries), (5th-6th horseman of picture the presented at the Department of Oriental Art: ... of Coptic fabric with fabric Coptic of ... Art: Oriental of Department the at presented (1st century BC), excellent Chinese paintings on the scrolls the on paintings Chinese excellent BC), century (1st 0 « 3 (15th-20th centuries) and Japanese paintings. Japanese and centuries) (15th-20th had a chance ) / had а chancy to Look at them,my sister «»». « « t e <*<«•' IW <*<«•' e t « « «»». CHECK YD U R SKILLS www.khanenkomuseum.kiev.ua / was still nervous as / (2) opene.d had/ eL W f ( the / M hadM been 7 H WRD F PAINTING OF WORLD THE CHECK YDU R SKILLS CHECK YOUR SKILLS LISTENING READING Listen and choose 4 Read and fill in the biography chart below. the correct item from William Turner, a great romantic English landscape (a) to (c) to complete painter, was born in Devonshire in 1775. He lived with each sentence (1-6). his uncle in Middlesex, where he began to attend school His first drawings are dated 1787, when he was only twelve years of age. His childish sketc.h-books, filled with drawings, are still presented in the British Museum. When he was 21, he began to exhibit oil paintings Thomas Gainsborough. as well as water-colours at the Royal Academy. Selfportrait The first ‘Fishermen at Sea' is now in the Gate Gallery. He travelled much in France, Cossack the bandura-player by an anonymous folk artist It was the visit to... Germany, Switzerland and Italy. But a) Kyiv Museum of Russian Art he never lost his interest in his own b) National Museum of Ukrainian country. Folk Decorative Art As a landscape painter Turner was c) National Art Museum of Ukraine interested mainly in light and colour Its galleries contain the collections effects. One of his famous paintings from the... is even called ‘Light and Colour’. His work is highly praised by great critics. a) 18th century Turner died in London in 1851. His b) 15th century pictures and drawings became the property of the British nation. c) 16th century William Turner is considered to be one of the world greatest painters. This collection is arranged in... a) 20 halls b) 23 halls c) 21 halls Year Event The oldest exhibit displayed in the museum is... Harvester. a) the icon of St Virgin Mykola Pymonenko b) the wooden relief of St George c) the portrait of unknown Cossack CAN YOU ... IN ENGLISH? И ~ 1 con- The works of Shevchenko and Stenberg are presented in the collection of the... Q read and understand about painting and its genres a) 19th century □ listen and understand about visiting museums and art galleries b) 18th century c) 20th century П get and share the information about galleries and their collections Melikov and Yablonska □ understand and use the Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous are representatives of... П ask and answer about famous painters ^ a) old-fashioned painters □ express your opinion about the role of a rt in our life i® b) contemporary painters c) classical painters 8 134 DO YOU LIKE S P O R T S ? 1 І К I L U O Y O D Well, і consider myself an armchair sportsman. I enjoy sports sports I enjoy sportsman. armchair an myself consider і Well, football ground to kick the ball around. I’d rather meet my mates my meet rather I’d around. ball the kick to ground football end.onhours it for watch Icould particular. in Ilike that cricket playing Jamaika. And I love my motorbike! You see, it’s not that it’sYousee, motorbike! my Ilove And Jamaika. playing the watching home I’mat most when ( them. with results football weekend’s the discuss andpub inthe the to myself drag to lazy too I’m just sports. in interested not I'm I even stopped fixing my motorbike last week to watch England watch to week last motorbike my fixing stopped Ieven 1 do team What player? football favourite isyour Who fan? football ayou Are 2 4 Motor-racing is... Motor-racing 4 3 Fishing is a pleasant kind of sport, isn’t it? What qualities does it require? it does qualities it?What isn’t sport, of kind pleasant ais Fishing 3 2 Surfing is... Surfing 2 Sin s. \ is... Boxing 5 is... Skiing 3 sentences. make to atch M 1 Do you play any games? Which is your favourite game? Who taught you to you taught Who game? favourite isyour Which games? any play you Do 1 akwihyourparnero tef l ng tms. item g in w llo fo the on r e rtn a p r u o y ith w Talk Football 1 A etne (A-D). and s n io in p o sentences ’s le p o e p g youn the Read C How can you stay fit when your body is body your when fit stay you canHow C l a fin le b ita su the ith w them plete com D В )...... -• you support? Do young boys dream of becoming football players? Why? players? football becoming of dream boys Doyoung support? you play it? play This and reading the sports pages inthe pages sports the reading and This I know it’s only a dream at the moment. the at dream a it’s only Iknow For example, last year some of us went us went of some year last For example, great fun. Anyway, sport keeps you fit fit you keeps sport fun. Anyway, great was Italy, towhich trip holiday biga on under pressure all the time? the all pressure under sports.of kinds my are paper true. come it’ll maybe But and healthy, doesn’t it? doesn’t healthy,and is...\ d \ e e c a b a team sport you play with ten others. ten playwith you sport ateam a winter sport that you need snow for. snow need you that sport awinter person. another touch you where sport contact a Grandstand o V It’s TV.on jogging [’d jogging to kick kick to injury an cricket a a sport event event sport a sailing riding riding • a load of rubbish of load a • fit stay to • open the in be to • W O R D o------D R O W LE IL F ['raidigl ['raidigl [’seilig] [’seilig] [kik] [’krikit] [’krikit] [’іпсіззгі] [’іпсіззгі] 3 Dgig] [,spo:t l'vent] l'vent] [,spo:t Bill Stuart, Stuart, Bill 22 Rubinstein, Mark Taylor, Taylor, Mark Suzie to be interviewed by TV reporters. by TV interviewed be to and business in people meet to world, the round travel to fantastic 3) (3 professional. Just think of the money you could earn. It would be It would earn. could you money the of think Just professional. allup takes tennis and riding, and sailing I stopped why was That thoroughly.more it practise Ishould that and tennis playing for skill aIhad me that told teacher sports My in. interested really I’m that my free time now. It would be great if I made it big as a tennis tennis aas big it I made if begreat It now. would time myfree sport, without life a imagine Icouldn’t it? isn’t isfun, sport Well, in the open and to enjoy the fresh air and the sun. But it’s tennis it’stennis But sun. the and air fresh the enjoy to and open in the be to It’swonderful sailing. and volleyball playing riding, I love be! would that dull how History — and English Maths, I?Only could 21 ...... 20 of rubbish! In my opinion, these people are poor devils living out of aof out living devils poor are people these opinion, my In rubbish! of loada What life. wonderful alead business inthe stars big the that commentaries on their radios for five days. It’s so stupid. They think think They stupid. It’s so days. five for radios their on commentaries cricket to listen them of thousands of Hundreds childish. sois sport What is an endless boring tennis match compared to a good film — — film good a to compared match tennis boring endless anis What sports. Ihate me! to sport talk and try never people goodness Thank nothing, it’s just a waste of time! I think English people’s attitude to attitude people’s English I think time! of awaste it’s just nothing, suitcase. How can they have any social life when they are always are they when life social any have they can How suitcase. eie otal ( football. besides together things of lot ado even We something. of part being a I’m brain. quick aneed you anddo, team-mates your what I like about sports: you make new friends, it gives you a feeling of feeling ayou it gives friends, new make you sports: about Ilike thing other the that’s Yousee,team. football local our of member you and game it’steam a because it, I love I think, it. without boring be lifewould My isfootball. however, sport, favourite ek n eie ht Ipa enseeynwadte. My then. andnow every Itennis play that, besides and week, need all kinds of skills. You must be fit, you must keep an eye oneye ankeep must you befit, You must skills.of kinds allneed climbing up trees when I was a little boy. Now I go jogging every every Igo boy. Nowjogging little a I was when uptrees climbing remember spending my days running through the woods and woods the through running mydays spending remember Ithat. like been I’vealways sports. in active I’mvery it. I love Oh, away from home? I don’t believe that these professionals professionals these that believe Idon’t home? from away are really interested in their sports. They want to make amake to want They sports. intheir interested really are lot of money, that’s all. Besides, nobody ever mentions mentions ever nobody Besides, all. money, that’s of lot the dangers of sports. Just think of the injuries... the of think Just sports. of dangers the 4)...... (4 2 ...... ) ...... READING Liz Willson, Willson, Liz 17 1% 135 8 O O LK SPORTS? S T R O P S LIKE YOU DO 8 136 D D YOU LIKE S P O R T S ? t f 4 7 READING 1arope 4 Billy likes meeting his friends in pubs.in hisfriends meeting likes Billy 4 A sk y o u r classm ates and ates classm r u o y sk A 5 Liz used to do lots of sports.of lots do usedto Liz 5 again 3 insports. interested isvery Billy exercise 3in false. s r o itie tiv sportsman. true armchair c isan Mark a are 2 rts o p below s to ents s e d statem ttitu a the ’s f i le p o say e p and g youn the Read Jill: l. schoo t ils a p u p rts o h p s ritis ut B abo g in w the f o rvie te lts in u s re the Read d o nwes o the to below. t ers lis answ e som add Beth: 1 Mark’s favourite sport isfootball. sport Mark’sfavourite 1 Simon: a the sports activities at your school or sports club sports or school your at activities sports the a Maria: Dave: Mark: e the most important sports event at your school your at event sports important most the e in train you gym the d tournament field and atrack c b the general rules of volleyball volleyball of rules general the b r n rus Decietef l ng. g in w llo fo the escribe D groups. in ork W n xrie3 smaya osbe Gtrayt o aeyour u o y pare com to class. ready in Get irs a p r e th possible. o as ith any w m lts as d su d re A 3. exercise in aealstofal h oradaantofdigsot, ihaementioned m are hich w sports, doing f o against and r fo the ll a f o t lis a Make or city sports club during the last winter the during club sports city or I hate running round the round running I hate [raop] [raop] gym and getting hot andhot getting and gym sweaty. We shouldn’t have to do games at school.at games do to have shouldn’t sweaty.We enough. Most pupils don’t take physical fitness seriously enough. seriously fitness physical take don’t pupils Most enough. tsgtntigt owt learning. with do to nothing It’s got like to do aerobics and self-defence. and aerobics do tolike rope unfit. It isn’t their fault if they’re not good.not if they’re fault their isn’t It unfit. school. at geography and maths learn to have we badIt’s too Te hudtahjd rtni, o nyrnigo upn. Iwould or jumping. running only not tennis, or judo teach should They I am very good at games. I love all sports: swimming, skiing, football... skiing, swimming, sports: all I love games. at good Ivery am I like sports but I don’t like the ones we do at school. I once fell off off the fell I once school. at do we ones likethe Idon’t but Isports like Teachers shouldn't give marks for games. Some pupils are too weak or weak too are pupils Some games. for marks give shouldn't Teachers Everybody should do sports every day. Two lessons a week are not are week a day. lessons Twoevery sports do should Everybody 1 оук; канат мотузка; — and broke my thumb. broke and 6 8 7 Suzie always listens to cricket cricket to listens always Suzie 7 Liz dreams to become a become to dreams Liz Suzie loves sport very much. very sport loves Suzie tennis professional. tennis commentaries on her radio.her on commentaries 2 4 5 rsln, yln, oig skating, boxing, cycling, wrestling, r: fo in goes volleyball or basketball? or volleyball draughts, chess, hunting, athletics, who person a Name ecr hs-lyr a basketballer, a chess-player, a fencer,a skater,speed a afootballer, wrestler,a skier,boxer,a a swimmer,a skater, a a rink, a track, a slope a track, arink, a stadium,aring, a course, a ith. court,a w places associated these are rts o p s Name gymnast a cyclist, a draughtsman, a goalkeeper,a athlete, anplayer, atennis do. they hat w Say 4 Spain ... with Brazil 2-2.Brazil with ... Spain 4 3-0.match the ... Milan it. f 2 o form t s a p the ith w (1-4) sentence each plete com and running, mountaineering, skiing, racing, skiing, mountaineering, running, 4 get feet get 4 draw-...- Celtics. to 78-91 ... Bulls Chicago The 3 win-...-... loose-...-... verb t c rre o c the beat-...-... Choose below. verbs the f o s form th h rs t hei i tons. n itio fin 2 e d ir e th ith w ords w the atch M 3rd the and 2nd the ith w plete Com 9 8 referee 7 6 5 slope ski 3 Saturday. last 2-1 Germany ... Argentina 1 1 10 tennis court tennis warm up warm train e coach captain track athletics spectators j f c a g d і h the person who is in charge of teama of charge inis who person the a team of leader isa who person the what professional sports people have to do every day every do to have people sports professional what skiyou where place the what players do before they start playing start they before do players what run athletes where place the will... you exercise, of lot ado if you play tennis you where place the the person who controls e.g. a football match afootball e.g. controls who person the sport a watch who people the You win a match, competition, competition, match, a Youwin You beat another team or person.or team another beat You VOCABULARY to score score to lose to hit to draw to achieve to a referee referee a participant a contest a coach a achievement an Y R A L U B A C O V • to play draughts draughts play to • o------T N I D P o D R O W LE IL F [hit] [hit] [lu:z] [lu:z] medal or trophy.or medal [dra:] [dra:] [kaotj] [kaotj] [ska:] [.refa'ri:] [.refa'ri:] [’kDntest] [’kDntest] [a'tji:v] [a'tji:v] [pa:'tisipant] [pa:'tisipant] ------[a'tji:vmant] [a'tji:vmant] [dra:fts] 137 8 O O LK SPORTS? S T R O P S LIKE YOU DO 138 8 DO YOU LIKE S P O R T S ? Ф 3 2 1 GRAMMAR 9 8 Ifl eytrdwe ... I when tired I very felt 7 6 ... John 4 10 5 I do not remember exactly how long ago ago long how exactly remember not Ido 5 ... 3 ... she because upset, was She 2 su ita b le p a s t tense. t s a p le b ita su o lt tesnecsbyputi tevr nbakt nt h ost m the to in brackets in verb the g 1 ttin u p y b sentences the plete Com 8 4 Dan was angry. He (had been waiting waiting been (had Heangry. Danwas 4 7 It was easy for him to get lost because he (hadn’t been / wasn’t) in a bigina wasn’t) / been (hadn’t he because lost get to him for easy It was 7 5 Students (opened / had opened) their books and did the exercise. the did and6 books their opened) had / (opened Students 5 □ 4 While I While 4 □ 3 Tom (had been thinking / thought) about his answer during the lunch the during answer his about thought) / thinking been Tom(had 3 choose she (did When 2 CD □ H He 1 EH 1 It had been raining all day and the roads (had been / were) very wet. very . were) / been form (had roads the andday all raining tense been It had t c 1 rre o c the Choose Read the sentences and re fe r the u n d e rlin e d verbs d e rlin e d n u the r fe re and sentences the Read to th e ir tense form s (A-D). s form tense ir e th to Mr Roger... Tom (listened Tom(listened The teacher (was smiling smiling (was teacher The else. I What... magazines. I... aig oe. , notes. taking) city before. city hours. break. She was sad because 3she 2 ...... b, they) (be, Pitt... She (review) В (want) walked (read) (you do) (you had been working been had (not/give) (take) was jogging, was Past Continuous Past grammar rules before grammar the test my when computer... to borrow that new book but she ... she but book new that borrow to nervous before a test yesterday? test a before nervous Past Simple Past I neooi ok hl o ... Tom while book, economic an down the street, was listening) to the teacher while the others (took (took others the while teacher the to listening) was i aead . (leave). ... and case his at 10 o’clock yesterday morning? yesterday 10o’clock at n xlnto h e ... he why explanation any the man me stopped and asked the time V I (come) has she chosen) to take a course in English? in course a take to chosen) she has as a teacherforten years before she got тяггі years before she erl got тяггі as a teacherforten I had smiled) as he was reading Kate’s essay.Kate’s reading hewas as smiled) had AT TENSES PAST had failed the failed had slipped (not/manage) oes ... Iso home D C on a banana peal and I was waiting) for Linda for two for Linda for waiting) was it... atPretCniuu |< Continuous Perfect Past test. (be). (go) to prepare for the test. the for prepare to (be) (already lend) (already (look through) (look Past Perfect Past straight to bed.to straight late for school. latefor broke it to someone someone itto (start) some some his arm. to blink. I were were & lm lam 3 □ He 2 I I П Read the sentences and re fe r the und erlin ed verbs ed erlin und the r fe re and sentences the Read 4 George says he (is going to do do to going (is he says George 4 go you (Will 2 (A-C). s re ctu stru and s form tense ir e th to 7 Why don’t you go out and have some fun? You (won’t always be always (won’t You fun? some have and out go you don’t Why 7 6 do to going you (are What 5 3 Choose the c o rre c t tense form o r structure. r o form tense t c rre o c the Choose 9 This time next week I (am flying / will be flying) across the Atlantic. across flying) be will / flying I(am next week time This 9 8 1 10 4 2 Lo! ... I Look! 3 5 6 . form tense le b ita su I ... I 7 ... He 1 I snal uun ontelae ... leaves the soon autumn; nearly is It 9 8 o lt h etne tng tevr n rcesi o temost m the to in brackets in verb the g ttin u p sentences the plete Com 0 oyu ... you Do 10 I (will be remembering remembering be I(will I'm sure you (will be passing passing be (will you sure I'm You look tired. I (’II help help I(’II tired. look You We have to go now. The last train (leaves (leaves trainlast now.The go to have We odrwa ... I what Iwonder fyulaeyu eswt h alpre e ... he porter hall the keyswith your leave If you hnyunx e eI ... Ime see next you When my life!my I hope I (am going to earn/w ill be earning) my first millionbefore I be earning) am ill thirty. I earn/w to hopeI (am going young. be) to going always Ann: garage. Customer: assistant Shop Tom: 1 On Saturday night he night Saturday On 1 Future Simple Future (not/show) Wyaeyutkn ihn os o ... Yourods? fishing taking you are Why W ... We after all? after some fish out of it.of out fish some (come) will be will going to going Alrgt I ... Iright. All (paint) (need) (climb) I if you ask him. ask if you twenty next year.next twenty Are you going) to Australia next Christmas? next Australia to going) you Are any films this time. The projector’s broken down. broken projector’s The time. this any films : We have some very nice bananas. nice very some have We this room blue and the sitting room green. room sitting the and blue room this study for a test tonight. test a for study your camera tomorrow or can I borrow it? I borrow can or tomorrow camera your (do) adfs.Teesalk ntpadw ... we and top onlake a There’s fish.and this time next year. next time this (have) I I am going to remember) this day for the rest of of rest the for day this remember) to going am B ’II be helping) you finish the paperwork. the finish you helping) be ’II UUE TENSES FUTURE will be celebrating be will I (wear) will you do) this evening? this do) you will uueCniuu J C J Continuous Future I a pound. a will pass) your exam successfully. exam your pass) will I will do) the washing up after dinner. after up washing the do) will m e dress. new my (change) I will leave) at 11:30pm.at leave) will his birthday with his friends. with birthday his (not/climb) (take) colour. GRAMMAR the car round theround car the the mountain the egigt I to begoing (try) to get to I are not not are 139 8 O O LK SPORTS? S T R O P S LIKE YOU DO 8 DQ YOU LIKE S P O R T S ? a f 3 Tl t t n h olowi ie s. item g in w llo fo the on r e rtn a p r u o y ith w Talk 2 1 LISTENING E xplain the m eanings o f the fo llo w in g phrases. g in w llo fo the f o eanings m the xplain E • to attract crowds of spectators • to attend a game a attend to • city a represent to • spectators of crowds attract to • • Would you mind answering a • two leagues of eight teams each teams eight of leagues two • a answering mind you Would • theand Britain Great in sports professional major about know youdo What 5 programmes? sports Ukrainian of feature characteristic most isthe What 4 Wa prsaepplri u onr teUA England)? USA, (the country inour popular are sports What 3 sports? (participant) spectator are What 2 5 m inutes. The w inner is the pair/group w ith the lo ngest lis t o f sports. f o t lis ngest lo the ith w pair/group the is inner w The inutes. m 5 9 Football players can use their... use can players Football 9 8 6 is... Series World 4 W ork in pairs o r groups. W rite as m any sp o rts as you can th in k o f in f know? youdo sports o competitive k What in 1 th can you as rts o sp any m as rite W groups. r o pairs in ork W 7 American football is called... is football American 7 is... Football 5 10 American footballers Dlav with... footballers American 10 sport professional ais Baseball 3 back... dates Baseball 2 1 Americans consider baseball... consider Americans 1 L isten to the in te rv ie w again and com plete the sentences. the plete com and again w ie rv te in the to isten L one. Listen and say w hat way A m erican fo o tb a ll d iffe rs from the European the from rs iffe d ll a tb o fo erican m A way hat w say and Listen Football teams can be... can teams Football Due to huge stadiums people can people stadiums huge to Due few questions? • to determine the national champion national the determine to • questions? few USA? and this means that... means this and 8 6 2a [’sAb3:b] suburb ■ Commonwealth — Commonwealth utai, ni n Pakistan. and India Australia, h onrsd. tcnit ndiigasalbl oad n no ... into and balltowards small a driving in Itconsists countryside. the not forward). (but thrown and carried be may which ball egg-shaped an with playedis football Rugby it.run with and ... the uppick to better be it would that the little a having for beexcused may lunch, his after sun inCommonwealth1, in particularly the only accepted extensively and seriously been has Cricket countries. inorigin, English also are games other Many cricket. 6 held? Championships World Athletics the are often How 4 June and July.and June clubs3.golf special aimof The means by distances, considerable by separated team? volleyball ain there are players many How 3 match? basketball ina there are referees many How 2 sleep for half an hour. Cricket is making no progress no making is Cricket hour. anhalf for sleep inother enthusiasm with accepted been have but marathon? ais long How 5 parks. The world ... tennis matches are held at Wimbledon in London, during London, in Wimbledon at held are matches tennis ... world The parks. strokes few as using round’ ‘go isto Football by the organised teams professional each spectators million 40 Nearly popular. veryis soccer or football popularity.inAssociation pairs. in uiz Q ports S the Do 19th century, when a teacher at Rugby school, while playing football, decided football, playing while school, Rugby at teacher a 19thwhen century, 1 How long does a football match last? match football adoes long How 1 r n ar.Mk ni eri aou porsi etBrt n n ti out. it ct a and in rita B reat G in rts o sp ut abo w rvie te in an Make pairs. in ork W Com plete the te x t w ith the w ords in the box. the in ords w the ith w t x te the plete Com How many holes are there on a golf course? golf aon there are holes many How h ae euiryascae ihEgad is England, with associated peculiarly game, The There are many tennis clubs, but every town provides tennis ... in public in ... tennis provides town every but clubs, tennis many are There by played are tennis and golf of ... The afternoon inthe sitting ..., a and slow,is Cricket Rugby football (or rugger) has existed in Britain since the beginning of theof beginning the since Britainin existed has rugger) (or football Rugby Cup Final Cup ege ae,caposi,eet ball, event, championship, games, League, courts, spectator, holes, numbers, attend numbers, holes, spectator, courts, played at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, in a London suburb2.London ina Wembley, Stadium, Empire the at played - околиця 4а stroke [straok] — удар 4а— [straok] stroke околиця - Британська співдружність націй a golf club — ключка для гольфу для ключка club— golf a націй співдружність Британська 4 as possible. as great... year...... The biggest... in England is England in biggest... The matches between the great the between matches of people. Golf is played inplayedis Golf people. of LISTENING 141 8 O O LK SPORTS? S T R O P S LIKE YOU DO 8 142 DO YDU LIKE SPORTS? 2 1 SPEAKING Read the dialogue and a ct it o u t in pairs. in t u o it ct a and dialogue the Read Bill: Bill: Bill: England? in sport national great isthe What 9 8 6 round? year the all played be can games sport What 4 Ted: know? youdo games and sports What 7 prefer? you do sports (winter) summer What 5 support? doyou team football What 2 Ted: football? to compared as cricket is game of kind What 19 Britain? in football of popularity smaller for reason isthe What 18 played? cricket is season Inwhat 17 sport? of kinds inall champions have Do we 16 matches? hockey attend you Do 15 (chess)? draughts play you Do 14 tobogganing? likes usually Who 13 stadium? the at do spectators do What 12 3 What is the most popular game in your country (in Britain, the USA)? the Britain, (in country inyour game popular most isthe What 3 Ted: Ted: Where 11were the first (last) held?Games Olympic country our of sportsmen outstanding What 10 Work in pairs. Take tu rn s asking and answ ering the questions. the ering answ and do? youdo sports asking What s rn tu 1 Take pairs. in Work What games take the first place in public in place first the take games What What is the difference between ‘a sport’ ‘a between difference isthe What Evans isn’t much better. He's not only too slow, he’s scared to tackle as tackle to scared he’sslow, too only not He's better.much isn’t Evans and conditions, dry or wet ineither play football can’t team our of Some Dreadful! It was neither exciting nor skillful. nor exciting neither It was Dreadful! do you know? you do interest? and ‘a game’? ‘aand Yes, he’s always afraid of getting injured. Neither Ford nor Evans is uptois Evans nor Ford Neither injured. getting of afraid always he’sYes, well. years when I became a supporter and that was eight years ago. years eight was that and supporter a I became when years ten about for team inthe playing been already He’dreally. old He’s too him.picked they why out make Ican’t opposition. anyway. off form were it. We need two new defenders and a new forward, too. new forward, a and defenders new two need Weit. off when it started raining. Our team are useless in the mud, and they they and mud, inthe useless are team Our raining. it started when off kicked hardly They’d help. didn’t weather the course Of you. with I agree Bill? game, the of think you did What Every time he gets the ball he either falls over or passes it to theit to passes or over falls either he ball the gets he time Every I’ve never seen them in form. I can’t help laughing when I watch old Ford. old I watch when laughing help Ican’t inform. them seen never I’ve to tackle tackle to [pra'maot] promote to [a'paoz] oppose to [ta'bDganir)] tobogganing rmto [pra’maojn] promotion a pitch a [.Dpa'zijn] opposition an [dis'greis] disgrace a • to get injured [’ind injured get to • W O R D o D R O W LE IL F [pitj] [pitj] [’taekl] ------3 ad] 5 3 1 drains [dreinz] — каналізація; водостік 1drainsканалізація; — [dreinz] b) Make a presen tatio n o f the gam e in class. Vote fo r the b e st one. st e b the r fo Vote class. in e gam the f o n tatio presen a Make b) a) W ork in groups. Choose one o f the s p o rts and rts o p s the f o one Choose groups. in ork W a) b) W ork in pairs. One o f yo u is g o in g to advise y o u r p a rtn e r abo ut the ut abo r e rtn a p r u o y advise to g in o g is u f yo o One pairs. in ork W b) a) M atch to make up suggestions. F o r each beg inn ing (1-5), ing inn beg each r o F suggestions. up make to atch M a) 2 Imagine a dialogue between two sports fans about their favourite sports. favourite their about fans sports two between dialogue a Imagine 2 R ole-play the fo llo w in g s itu a tio n s in pairs. in s n tio a itu s g in w llo fo the ole-play R Bill: Bill: 1 Two friends are talking after a football match. One is happy — his favourite favourite his — happy is One match. football a after talking are Twofriends 1 Ted: describe it a ccording to the plan below. plan the to ccording a it describe 2 What is it played with? 5 What are the basic rules? basic the are What 5 wear? players do What 3 with? played itis What 2 es tf i hert ay ac. aea ak Ue the tr Use talk. a Have watch. r o y la below. p s to r n e tio /h c him tru r s fo in rt o p s st be 4 I think you should... you I think 4 2 Have you considered...? you Have 2 1 Where is it played? 4 What is the aim of game? of aim the is What 4 played? itis Where 1 reasons. giving partner, your to sport a Recommend • available. got has partner your time much how Discuss • 6 • Find out what sports what out Find • about...? thought you Have 5 you...? don’t Why 3 possible. are (a-d) endings o tw match. thelost has his team asnot, is another won; has team • Find out whether your your whether out Find • 1 If I were you, I’d... you, I If were 1 You might enjoy... might You What we need, Ted, is not only new players but a new manager and aand manager new abut players new only not isTed,need, we What But the management is too mean to spend money either on new players players new on either money spend to mean istoo management But the work. Every time it rains the pitch is covered with great puddles of water.of puddles great with is covered pitch the rains it time Every work. Division. Third the to promotion win could we perhaps Then well.as pitch new drains the and isn’t flat it disgrace, ais pitch The true. Yes, that’s ground. the improving on or your partner already already partner your sports. watching plays or watches. or plays interested in playing or playing in interested partner is moreis partner t ’ utntitrse in... interested not just I’m If you want to know what I think, sport is. is. sport Ithink, what know to want you If should... everyone opinion, my In is... sport Ithink S E S A R L H P U F E S U pesn ni rt o p s t u o b a s n io in p o xpressing E d watching sumo wrestling sumo watching d athletics of kind some try c a take up badminton up take a b playing tennis or golf or tennis playing b 0 SPEAKING ------ 1 don’t don’t 143 8 O O LK SPORTS? S T R O P S LIKE YOU DO 8 144 DO YOU LIKE S P O R T S ? A 2 1 3 USEYOUR ENGLISH 4 ... the sports ground on which tennis is played.is tennis which on ground sports the ... 4 us tewod sn h olowi defnii s. n itio fin e d g in w llo fo the using ords w the Guess 2 brackets. Use the Past Sim ple, P ast C ontinuous o r P ast Perfect. ast P r o ontinuous C ast P ple, Sim Past the Use brackets. (watch people of Millions 4 The iswinner 2 the team which (won 5 (compete to going are world the around all from sentences. Athletes 3 the plete com to ld o b in verb t c rre o c the Choose ice. onthe dances who person the ... 5 on.skate people place the ... 3 Com plete the sentences w ith the co rre c t tense form o f the verb in verb the f o form tense t c rre co the ith w sentences the plete Com 1 2 4 1 In field hockey players use a stick to (hit (hit to stick ause players hockey Infield 1 3 3 Iead ... Ireland 1 Read and say i f the statem ents are true o r false. r o true are ents statem the f i say and Read 4 People, who play chess, are called chessmen. called are chess,play who People, 4 poems. favourite their learn to stadium the to come fans Sports 2 6 Olympics. intothe included are events Track-and-field 5 club.a and puck ahave must you hockey play to want If you 3 ... is frozen water. is frozen ... 9 Tennis is a game in which two or four players strike a tennis ball withball tennis a strike players four or two inwhich game ais Tennis 9 8 tennis. table and tennis between nodifference is There 7 1 Football is popular in almost all the countries in the world. inthe countries allthe inalmost popular is Football 1 1 1 Draughts is an outdoor game. outdoor anis Draughts 11 game.a losing of dreams player Every 10 ... is a person who acts as a judge infootball. aas judge acts who person a is ... I know a good sports centre where we can (do (do can we where centre sports gooda I know ... I The referee acts as a goalkeeper infootball. goalkeeper aas acts referee The Women are fond of playing hockey.playing of fond are Women championship. e ... he vroe ... everyone e ... he ... Ireland It... I rackets all over a net. a over all rackets ...... not recognise) t/ o (n (wait) (start) notwear) a e t/w o (n notcan) n a t/c o (n to play tennis yesterday when my partner... partner... my when yesterday tennis play to (score) (beat) ann hnh ... he when raining (change) come because his because come nln etra. nln ... England yesterday. England two goals in the second half. second inthe goals two otadh ... he and coat a many people at my old school reunion because reunion school oldmy at people many a lot in twenty years. intwenty lot a I view) the Olympic Games on TV.on Games Olympic the view) (walk) I scored) more goals than their opponents. scored) nothav ) ve a t/h o (n car... owr. e ... He work. to I score) the ball into the goal. the into ball the score) (be break down). break (be I an umbrella. an play) tennis for free. for tennis play) (win) (stop) 1:0 in the first half but half first inthe 1:0 (call) I oppose) for the for oppose) a taxi because because taxia me to say that that say tome 5 Bob: Bob: Tom: Bob: Tom: Bob: Tom: Read the dialogue and dram atise it in pairs. in it atise dram and dialogue the Read Bob: Tom: Tom: football. playing when hands your with ball the touch Youmay 26 25 Track and field events are never included in the Olympics. inthe included never are events field and Track 25 24 Boxers fight with bare hands. bare with fight Boxers 24 23 In hockey a handball and rackets are used.are rackets and handball a hockey In 23 22 Table tennis and lawn tennis are one and the same game. same the and one are tennis lawn and Table tennis 22 21 20 Golf is played on ice fields.ice on played is Golf 20 19 We use balls when playing badminton. playing when balls use We 19 18 People who play draughts are called draughtsmen. called are draughts play who People 18 17 Women are good football players, as a rule.aas players, football good are Women 17 16 A tennis ball is struck with a club.a with struck isball A tennis 16 15 Ice hockey is popular with women. with popular is hockey Ice 15 14 The goalkeeper acts as a judge infootball. a as judge acts goalkeeper The 14 13 Badminton can be played only indoors. only played be can Badminton 13 12 There is no difference between soccer and rugby.and soccer between difference no is There 12 Hockey is one of the most popular summer sports. summer popular most the of is one Hockey They’re bound to lose again, unless there’s a miracle. a there’s unless again, lose to bound They’re And if we arrived early, they wouldn’t score any goals at all. I don’t know Idon’t all. at goals any score wouldn’t early,they arrived if we And I don’t know. They've dropped old Ford and picked that that picked and Ford old dropped know.They've I don’t on, we’ll be late.be we’ll on, We wouldn’t know what to do if we don’t go, would we? would go, don’t if we do to what know wouldn’t We twice this season... this twice bea really it won’t kick-off the miss If we minute. a for Takeseat a But let’s get a move aget let’sBut already lost at home at lost already They’ve team. this Oh, come in, Ted. Is it two o’clock already? I haven’t finished my lunchmy finished Ihaven’t already? o’clock in,itIsTed. two come Oh, Probably not. But I bet — if we arrive five minutes later, they’ll score the score they’ll later, minutes five arrive if we I bet — But not. Probably youngster, Wade, in his place. Perhaps they’ll Perhaps place. hisin Wade, youngster, hurry.you unless kick-off IIWe the miss Hello, Bill. Are you ready yet? ready Bill.you Are Hello, why we persist in going to watch them every other Saturday.other every them watch to going in persist we why only goal of the game before we get there. get we before game the of goal only tragedy, will it? I don’t suppose the game will be worth watching anyway. watching beworth will game the suppose Idon’t it? will tragedy, yet, but I won’t be long.be I won’t but yet, USEYDUR ENGLISH LOYALFANS 8 O O LK SPORTS? S T R O P S LIKE YOU DO 146 DO YDU LIKE S P D R T S ? U 6 USEYOUR ENGLISH b) D iscuss several s p o rts from the lis t above. Use the fo llo w in g phrases: g in w llo fo the Use above. t lis the from rts o p s several iscuss D b) a) W ork in groups. B rie fly describe each k in d o f s p o rt in the b o x below. x o b the in rt o p s f o d in k each describe fly rie B groups. in ork W a) while on another channel there will be a fashion show. You are a sister sister ashow. Youare afashion be will there channel another on while and a brother.aand R ole-play the s itu a tio n in pairs. in n tio a itu s the ole-play R It’s Sunday morning. In a few minutes, there will be a football match on TV on match football abe will there minutes, Infew a morning. It’s Sunday You are a radio sports announcer. You have just witnessed a football game football a witnessed have Youjust announcer. sports radio aare You casting from. What would you say about the highlights in the exciting game? exciting inthe highlights the about say you would What from. casting broad are you where and are you who tell First event. sports other some or trayt pa n ls n h olowi st i . n tio a situ g in w llo fo the on class in speak to ready et G ninaout: abo ention M you there; Absolutely marvellous! I like it immensely!it I like marvellous! Absolutely there; you anything more exciting than...; I see nothing exciting in...; I can’t agree with agree I can’t in...; exciting nothing Isee than...; exciting more anything quite see what people find in...; How can you say such a thing! I don’t know Idon’t thing! a such say you canHow in...; find people what see quite nm pno.. hr' ohn ie.;. sfrm mc rfr.; I don’t prefer...; I much me as for like...;... nothing there's opinion...; my in fencing; callisthenics; figure-skating; skiing; skating; skijumping skating; skiing; figure-skating; callisthenics; fencing; badminton; basketball; volleyball; chess; boxing; wrestling; wrestling; boxing; chess; volleyball; basketball; badminton; mountaineering; rowing; yachting; football; hockey; tennis; hockey; football; yachting; rowing; mountaineering; « qualities it requires from the sportsman sportsman the from requires it qualities « • advantages and attractive features attractive and advantages • 2 1 3 topic states the subject of the essay and the controlling idea shows what the what shows idea controlling andthe essay theof subject the states topic essay is going to beabout. to isgoing essay The idea. controlling andthe topic parts:the two of itconsists paragraph, a b) Name the technique used to a ttra ct the reader’s attention. reader’s the ct ttra a to used technique the Name b) ent. statem thesis the d fin and ry to c u d tro in the Read a) statements. general usually are interest and attention reader’s the attract will that sentences Some ) r n rus Dics h ol ng. g in w follo the iscuss D groups. in ork W b) Rltosis YouthCultures 4 Relationships 2 a) Read the fo llo w in g sentences. g in w llo fo the Read a) Name po ssib le subtopics. le ssib po Name Cmue ae 3 Technology 3 games Computer 1 W rite a thesis statem ent to each to p ic in the lis t below. t lis the in ic p to each to ent statem thesis a rite W A thesis statement is the most important element. Like the topic sentence in sentence topic theLike element.important most isthe statement A thesis (See page 129, exercise 5.) exercise 129, page (See Then separate the to p ic from the c o n tro llin g idea. g llin tro n o c the from ic p to the separate Then 4 This essay is about the advantages of having a pet.a having of advantages the isabout essay This 4 3 Is eating a lot of chocolate an addiction? an lotchocolate of a Iseating 3 oldand young the of activities time popular free most theisof one Sport 2 Compare y o u r ideas w ith another group o r o th e r groups. r e th o r o group another ith w ideas r u o y Compare sentences? the rest of the for improvements some suggest youCan • statements? thesis goodas used be could above sentences the of Which • 1 Last minute holidays have become very popular among business peoplebusiness among popular very become have holidays minute Last 1 you to be wheiA- Ito up? you grow you. prsиал i- lyfobl. I sportsии.аіл-football. aiA-d play аиіл-t Cecily. She w aited aited w She аиіл-tCecily. lifts . C hoosl^ a career should fo r r fo should career a hoosl^ C . lifts reasons reasons G N I T I R W all over world.the over all D P in the past few years.past few inthe po you you po I T N be remember a person's aperson's The introductory paragraph of an essay consists of: consists essay anof paragraph introductory The o ------what your your what general statements and a thesis statement. athesis and statements general ovjn decision. me to to remember a ily fam do becomea іл/ t eve*- useіл/ t many w aited aited w ил.у WRITING 8 147 D O LK SPORTS? S T R O P S LIKE YOU DD WRITING p 148 DQ YOU LIKE S P O R T S ? 6 Woki gop. susif ou ge o h olowi sae ents. statem g in w llo fo the to agree u yo f i iscuss D groups. in ork W 4 5 \ $ й [ ways to support your arguments: your support to ways successful essay you need specific and factual details (facts). Here are some are Here (facts). details factual and specific need you essay successful a write to opinion, an always is statement thesis the Since transitions. ordering: a to Similar make. to want you points supporting of number the on depends paragraph you organise the body paragraphs using the same methods of of methods same the using paragraphs body the organise you paragraph The has world’s climate beeninchanged 4considerably the past twenty years. 3 Being rich and beautiful is not always easy. always not is beautiful andrich Being 3 world. modern inthe necessity ais education A good 2 ettment. restatem co n clu d in g paragraphs using d iffe re n t types t n re iffe d using paragraphs g in d clu n co phrases: or words transitional paragraph. It can be done simply by following the steps in the writing process. writing inthe steps the by following simply done be Itcan paragraph. discussed. been already has onwhat comment suggestions. Here you mustn’t introduce a new subject, but only have tohave only but subject, new a introduce mustn’t you Here suggestions. some make or opinion your express to place the also is essay. This the of r n rus Ra n ic s h nfr ation. form in the ss discu and Read groups. in ork W 1 Being an only child has more disadvantages than advantages. than disadvantages more has child only an Being 1 In fact, what you need is just a bit more time.more bit a is just need you what Infact, W ork in pairs. Read the fo llo w in g th e sis statem ents and w rite the rite w and ents statem sis e th g in w llo fo the Read pairs. in ork W • • concluding sentence(s) and a final comment. final aand sentence(s) concluding • 3 2 The body of an essay is the longest part. The number of paragraphs of number The part. longest isthe essay an of body The 1 In brief,In summary,In conclusion, In The concluding paragraph is often introduced with one of the following following the of one with introduced isoften paragraph concluding The A final comment expresses the author’s final thought concerning the topic topic the concerning thought final author’s the expresses comment A final In brief, writing an essay in English is really not different from writing a writing from not different really is English in essay an writing Inbrief, The concluding paragraph consists of: consists paragraph concluding The utto marks. quotation quotations statistics examples WRITING o ------WRITING ------T N I O P chronologica\, spatial chronologica\, • — figures, charts and diagrams and charts figures, — • — short stories and anecdotes and stories short — — repeating somebody’s exact words and enclosing them in them enclosing and words exact somebody’s repeating — • The concluding paragraph is a special paragraph in paragraph special ais paragraph concluding The In any event,any In Thus, short,In clearly and completely the main points of your essay. your of points main the completely and clearly understand to reader your want you in which essay,an • • or or logical. • For this you use the appropriate appropriate the use you For this In the end, • All in all, in All • reasons, these For words, other In end,the In — — a sum m ary o r a r o ary m sum a • • As a result,a As Indeed, A 7 hr ilapaefri it a place for till s there я re stroi^g argum-e^ts both fo r ai*d agaii/vst ai*d r bothfo argum-e^ts я restroi^g fighters fighters Ьпіл-ід/іїл-д . it damage or eve^ die.Middleweight Michael Watson awas it* left fighter,Joh^y owe.*, я-fter lost life his fight яtitle fighter,Joh^y awheelchair damagebraii* with я-fter beii*g cked u і,яwrdttefgt () ...Welsh (2)out ііл, d e я fight, k world title ic k і ...at*dил-ost (і) obviousоіл-е asi^edicfll, is it* u>s Ai^geles. it* i mmoa owthto^ ng in s u « ^ two watoh to oral m im is t i deprive S .m , K f»i 149 8 O O LK SPORTS? S T R O P S LIKE YOU DO CHECK YOUR SKILLS CILLS VOCABULARY 1 Complete the text with the verbs in the box. scored, beat, won (x2), drew, loose / Last night, Germany ... Spain 3:2 in their World / Cup qualifying match. At half-time, the Germans ... 2:0. But Spain ... two goals in the second half з and it looked as if they were going to ... 2:2. But in □ the final minute Germany ... the match thanks to a >- □ penalty taken by their captain. This was the □ second match against Germany that Spain had ... Spain's goalkeeper who had fallen ill before. GRAMMAR READING 2 Complete the sentences by changing the form of the verb in brackets. * 4 Read and match the name o f the place (A-H) that 1 We were late. When we ... (arrive) everyone ... (finish) their lunch and they suits best to fill in each gap (1-8). ... (sit) in the garden having coffee. In Barnstaple 2 I ... (run) to the station but the six o’clock train ... (already/ leave). The Leisure Centre A the bowls hall station ... (be) empty except for three people who ... (wait) for the next train. there are facilities В the sportsman’s bar 3 They ... (drive) to the airport when they suddenly ... (remember) that they for all kinds of C the sports hall ... (notI turn off) the central heating. people and D general activity rooms 4 The match ... (already/ start) when we ... (turn on) the TV. Scotland ... interests: you can E the fitness training room (lose) 1:0 and they ■■■ (play) very badly. go to the Centre if F the tennis courts you want to keep G the solarium room LISTENING fit or want to H the cafeteria 3 f Listen and complete the sentences below. watch sports. The most popular game in Ukraine is... Of course, the main purpose is to provide sports The lion’s share of success in football belongs to... facilities. You can play different sports and there are It was Oksana Baiul who won the first gold medal in... facilities for swimming. Afterwards you can have The gold fish of Ukraine is... The gymnast... and cham something to eat or meet your friends in one of the pions in calisthenics ... and ... showed their fantastic cafes. And if you don’t want to do any sports, you can results in world championships and Olympics Athens. just relax with your friends. Vasyl Virastiuk holds... (1)... caters for One Tennis Court, Seven Badminton The achievements of the legendary Klychko brothers Courts with excellent facilities for Basketball, Volleyball, have made them... Netball etc., as well as Gymnastics, Trampoline, In wrestling Elbrus Tadeiev won the highest... Archery and Fencing. Five-a-side Soccer is also very The Olympic victories of Ukrainian athletes are: ... popular. Many of these facilities, including Fencing and Ukraine ranks with the... Badminton are up to National Standard. Special spectator seating is available in this hall. CH EC SELF-ASSESSMENT GRID (2)... is equippea PE IX D APPEN The normal weights, bars and discs etc., have all been excluded and modern LISTENING READING in H machinery has taken its place. I can understand familiar words and very I can understand familiar names, a. basic phrases concerning myself, my family words and very simple sentences, o (3)... There are four courts and ample viewing gallery is provided. and immediate concretesurroundings when for example, on notices and posters a. (4)... These are equipped for Boxing, Judo, Table Tennis, Karate, Keep Fit, (П people speak slowly and clearly. or in catalogues. LJ Fencing, Golf Practice, etc. These same rooms can also be used for large small у meetings and social functions. I can understand and follow simple directions. I can understand simple illustrated I can understand simple questions concerning texts, guides, game directions, j (5)... provides for bowling indoors all the year round, in an attractive setting, з A1+m y experience, as well as simple everyday instruction for the use of familiar □ with four rinks. Bookings can be made by any individual through reception, for a dialogues, supported with mimic and things. I can find relevant information >- pleasant game with friends. It is possible to enter many leagues and competitions gestures. in simple and familiartexts. □ by joining the North Devon Indoor Bowling Club. Q I can understand phrases and the highest I can read very short, simple texts. I (6)... is available with guaranteed privacy. Set in an attractive room, a fast way frequency vocabulary related to areas of most can find specific, predictable to a healthy tan. immediate personal relevance (e.g. very information in simple everyday (7)... which overlooks the Swimming Pool provides a good Snack Bar service A2 basic personal and family information, material such as advertisements, shopping, employment). I can catch the main prospectuses, menus and in an open and attractive setting. point in short, clear, simple messages and timetables and I can understand (8)... overlooks the Sports Hall and has extensive views of Barnstaple and the announcements. short simple personal letters. River Taw. An ideal place to relax with friends. Bar snacks are available. I can understand everyday speech when the I can read simple texts about things delivery is standard and clear. I can I’m interested in, leaflets, short understand the main point of TV shows, films, official documents, simple and clear A2+ where visual reception plays important role. I instructions, short descriptions of can understand the gist of short lectures, events, familiar stories, when speech is relatively slow and clear. I can understand the main points of clear I can understand texts that consist standard speech on familiar matters regularly mainly of high frequency everyday encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. I or job-related language. I can B1 can understand the main point of many radio understand the description of or TV programmes on current affairs or topics events, feelings and wishes in C A N YOU ... IN ENGLISH? 0 -Yes,lean. of personal or professional interest when the personal letters, delivery is relatively slow and clear. read and understand about sports Q I can understand speech with requests and I can understand simple familiar listen and understand about different sports Q problems explanations. I can understand information in letters, leaflets, ц і + contents of conversations, discussions, directions, newspaper articles. I talk about sports events Q lectures and reports on familiar topics, can understand the gist of understand and use the Present, Past and Future Tenses □ although cannot recognise some phrases and specialised simple structured texts expressions. within my own field. ask and answer about a sport game |__ j I can understand extended speech and I can read articles and reports ■ describe your favourite kind of sport Q lectures and follow even complex lines of concerned with contemporary express your attitude to sport activities □ B2 argument provided if the topic is reasonably problems in which the writers adopt familiar. I can understand most TV news and particular attitudes or viewpoints. I w rite an essay on personal sports experience Q current affairs programmes. I can understand can understand contemporary the majority of films in standard dialect. literary prose. 153 EFASSMN GRID SELF-ASSESSMENT 154 APPENDIX A2 and activities. I can handle very short social living conditions, my educational my conditions, living social short very handle Ican activities. and A2 д ^ + ask how someone feels. I can order food simple description of myself and my and myself of description simple food order Ican feels. someone how ask + ^ д A2+ situations. I can ask another person to help aspects of my environment (people, environment my of aspects help to person another ask Ican situations. A2+ A1 things at a slower rate of speech and help me and people I know,Ipeople and at things arate slower of andhelpspeech me A1 B1+ language tools. I can explain my attitude can make short presentations and presentations short make can attitude my explain Ican tools. language B1+ when I need it. local area, study) using simple using study) area, local the where area anin travelling whilst everyday feelings, my about talk to it. I need when everyday predicted in topics familiar simple in describe to sentences direct and simple a requiring tasks ihu easadpue,uigsml dsrb yattd oteeet. I events. the to attitude my describe simple using pauses, and delays without current events). current everyday to pertinent or interest personal of school, recent most or present my and background myself. going conversation the keep to enough understand usually I can’t people, though even other and exchanges, my family terms topics onfamiliar information of exchange take an active part in discussion in familiar I can explain a viewpoint on a topical a on aviewpoint Iexplain can related to subjects my field of interest, infamiliar discussion in part active an take Ican possible. quite speakers native with formulate what I’mwhat formulate trying to say.I can ask and answer simple questions in areas of of areas in questions simple answer and drinks. I can do everyday shopping. environment. I can talk about what I what about talk Ican environment. shopping. everyday do Ican drinks. and life (e.g. family, hobbies, work, travel and travel work, hobbies, family,(e.g. life familiar, are that topics on conversation into unprepared enter Ican spoken. is language views. disadvantages of of disadvantages options. various and advantages the giving issue of views. range my sustaining wide and for accounting contexts, a on descriptions comments my by followed reports, interaction conclusions. regular and makes that spontaneity information. synthesise and summarise Ican questions. the to respond and myself. I can respond to the greeting and connected sentences to give a short a give to sentences connected and greeting the to respond Ican myself. I can deal with most situations likely to arise to likely situations most with deal Ican monologue in myself express Ican on information and opinions exchange Ican a neatwt ereo lec n I a peet la, detailed clear, present can I and fluency of degree a with interact Ican immediate needimmediate or on very familiar topics. I can communicate in simple and routine I can use a series of phrases and phrases of series ause Ican routine and simple in Icommunicate can I can hold a conversation on familiar topics I can talk about my own experience, own my about talk Ican topics familiar on conversation ahold Ican I can greet other people and introduce I can express myself with simple with myself express Ican introduce and people other greet Ican Ilive where describe to sentences rephrase and phrases simple use or Ican repeat to other prepared the if is way person simple a in interact can I PKNITRCIN PKN PRODUCTION SPOKEN INTERACTION SPOKEN other people. other can see in a picture and describe describe and picture ain see can vns m dem, oe and hopes dreams, my events, the plot of plot the a book of or and describe film n epaain fr pnos and opinions for explanations and reasons give briefly can I ambitions. and experiences describe to order in tools. language my reactions. relate or story a narrate can I plans. I in canphrases connect a simple way B2 essay or report, passing on information or giving or information on passing report, or essay B2 1 a rt ipecerysrcue et, make texts, structured clearly simple write I can B1+ A2+ my dreams, hopes and expectations. and hopes dreams, my A2+ A2 1 impressions. B1 A ^+ I can write short connected paragraph about about paragraph connected short write Ican ^+ A A1 personal details, for example, entering my name,my entering example, for details, personal A1 personal significance of events and experiences. and events of significance personal the highlighting letters write Ican view. of an Iwrite can interests. my to related subjects reasons in support of or against a particular point particular a against or of support in reasons views. or doing my of argumentation summary,a charge. direct my of field within structure simple are familiar or of personal interest. I can write write Ican interest. personal of or familiar are I can write clear, detailed text on a wide range of of range awide on text detailed clear, write can I I can write short reports and explanations with explanations and reports short write can I and experiences describing letters personal describe Ican etc. problem, topic, the describe to example, thanking someone for something. for someone thanking example, I can write simple connected text on topics which topics on text connected simple Iwrite can messages create texts, simple short write Ican food.and buildings countries, of names write I can write a very simple personal letter, for letter,for personal simple very a write Ican messages. and notes simple short, write Ican my family. and place my myself, form. sending holiday greetings. I can fill in forms with informs fill Ican greetings. holiday sending I can copy words, sentences without mistakes, without sentences words, copy Ican registration hotel a on address and nationality I can write a short, simple postcard, for example, for postcard, simple short, a write Ican WRITING EFASSMN GRID SELF-ASSESSMENT 155 PNDIX D PPEN A 156 HELPFUL TIPS FDR DEVELOPING SKILLS APPENDIX This book contains four kinds of reading task. reading of kinds four contains book This something more something than once, e.g. to make sure that we have the right answer. does. When we have the scanned text to locate the where is,answer we now need to read this • check that the other other the that check • options four the of best the to text the in answer the match • question the answer think you that text the of parts the underline • context the from words unknown any out work and try • closely text the of part this read scanning) called is (this • things these mentions that text the of part the find quickly - • questions the in words key underline • detail in reading start you before questions the read • text whole the skim • reading involve might reading is.Close i.e. closely,the answer part carefully,out to what find donot andonreading, every Close scanning involve reading hand,word. Skimming the other questions. the in mentioned are that ideas the for looking by this do We need. we answer the contains text the of part which out find to order in scan we test, reading Ina starts. programme particular a time what out find to guide aTV at look we when use we skill of kind the is This information. of piece a locate to atext through go quickly we is when This • quickly check that the other headings do not match the paragraph the match not do headings other the that check quickly • see if you can • ideas infind similar (see below) the below) example paragraph underline and them example (see heading inthe words key underline • try to skim a text quickly so as not to waste time. waste not to as so quickly text a skim to try • choose a suitable heading which matches your idea your matches which heading suitable a choose • about is paragraph the what mind your in summarise and try • context the from words unknown any out work and try necessary,if • paragraph the read • text whole the skim • topic of each paragraph is, we will have a good idea of what the text is about. Youshould is about. text the what of idea good ahave will is,we paragraph each of topic topic the reading quickly by is about generally is text a what out of finding way Another its function is to tell the reader what the topic of the paragraph is. If we know what the what know If is.we paragraph the of topic the what reader the tell isto its function and paragraph aof sentence first the is sentence topic The paragraph. each of sentence or titles any reading by is this doing of way One about. isgenerally it what out find to text the through go quickly we that means This text. the skimming byis this do we way The there are three kinds of reading that you need. you that reading of kinds three are there the exactly are language aforeign in reading when need you that skills The test. the finish headlines in the text. This is the kind of skill that we use when we read a newspaper. a read we when use we that skill of kind isthe This text.in the headlines same as those that you use when you read in your own language. Generally speaking, speaking, Generally language. own your in read you when use you that those as same every single word in a reading test. In fact, if you do, you might not have enough time to time enough have not might you do, if you Infact, test. reading ain word single every Before we read a text in detail, we nearly always know what we are going to read about. read to going are we what know always nearly we detail, in text aread we Before First of all, it should be said that it is not really necessary to try to read and understand understand and read to try to necessary really not isit that besaid itshould all,of First 3 2 Four-way M ultiple Choice Questions Choice ultiple M Four-way 2 options don’t fit don’t options ugse procedure: Suggested Suggested procedure: Suggested Mthn Headings Matching 1 3 Close reading Close 3 Si ing m Skim 1 Scanning 2 READING HELPFUL TIPS FDR DEVELOPING SKILLS this book. this in tasks exam-type English-in-use basic the of five are Here other. each to relate they that procedure: Suggested information. of pieces specific locating i.e. exercise, scanning ais This A A etc. example’, ‘for ‘however’, as such devices linking and refer to, they what and etc. ‘they’, ‘he’, ‘this’,like words i.e. referencing, of understanding your ittests particular, In structure. of understanding and reading close of test ais task This Suggested procedure: Suggested fit don’t options other the that check • procedure: Suggested English in Use questions test your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary and the way way the and vocabulary and grammar of knowledge your test questions Use in English process the repeat • question in the underlined you to what underlined you’ve what match • evidence the underline • closely text the of part this read answer • suitable a find you until sections different the through look quickly • idea key the underline • question first the read • words unknown at stop not do • about are they what out find to texts the scan • • when you’ve finished read through the completed text to make sure it makes sense makes it sure make to text completed the through read finished you’ve when • after and before discussed being is what of topic the fits sentence/paragraph the check them • underlining by match devices linking and words referencing that check after and before comes • what fit to seems topic the where e.g. option, suitable a select • gap each after and before closely read • words unknown at stop not do • text the through skim • • leave the key word unchanged word key the leave • answer inyour word key the use • sense makes it sure make to text completed the through read • fit don’t options other the sure make • gaps the fill • phrase awhole of part be to likely is word missing the remember predictable? itis • i.e. options, the at looking before be could answer the what think • text the through skim • sense makes it sure make to text completed the through read • prepositions, e.g. words, begrammatical to likely are words missing the that remember • gaps the fill • text the through skim • modified gapped text has four options for each gap. each for options four has text gapped modified etc. pronouns, verbs, auxiliary articles, 3 e r rnfr ations transform ord w Key 2 Suggested procedure: Suggested Suggested procedure: Suggested Mutpematching m ultiple M 4 NLS I USE IN ENGLISH 1 3 Gapped text Gapped Gapped text Gapped M odified gapped text gapped odified M 157 PNDIX D PPEN A 158 HELPFUL TIPS FDR DEVELOPING SKILLS APPENDIX This activity focuses on listening for detail. for listening on focuses activity This Suggested procedure: Suggested • use the second listening to confirm your answers your confirm to listening second the use • don’t panic if you don’t get • all immediately,the againrecording asanswers you will hearthe • read through the questions and predict what kind of information might go in the gap. inthe go might information of kind what predict and questions the through read • ^ get to and do to have you what precisely know to instructions the through read • • if you think you have got the answer the first time, use the second listening to confirm to listening second use the time, first the answer the got have you think you if again recording the hear • will you as time, first the answer the get don’t youif worry don’t • Suggested procedure: Suggested understanding. general your tests task This • while listening, beware of distractors. You will probably hear all the options mentioned, mentioned, options the all hear probably Youwill distractors. of beware listening, while • • before listening, read the questions to find out about the situation and speakers. Youwill speakers. and situation the about out find to questions the read listening, before • • read the final text right the way through to make sure it reads well reads it sure make to through way the right text final the read later others the to • back come then and first obvious immediately are that lines any do • words extra contain lines the of most that remember • to crucial are that not words and words grammatical be will words extra the remember • procedure: Suggested provided. space inthe tick put a should you correct, is line If the provided. space prepositions, verbs, auxiliary articles, as: such items are words extra the and grammar on is task the of focus The lines. the of most in word unnecessary extra, an with text isa This • read through the text sentence by sentence and not line by line in order to find the extra the find to order inline by line not and sentence by sentence text the through read • read the text isabout slowly and text carefully,• asthe the what of idea extra are anwords often get small to ones and text missedeasily the through read and title at the look • inthe down word the write should you word, extra an contains line If a etc. pronouns, • read through the completed text to make sure it makes sense makes it sure make to text completed the through read • change one more than requires word if the check • • check if the word should be pluralbe should word if the check • • check if the word should be negative be should if the word check • letters double especially spelling, your check • needed is etc.) noun, (verb, speech of part what decide • • skim through the text the through skim • • make the second sentence as similar in meaning as possible to the first by not leaving not by first the to possible as meaning in similar as sentence second the make • spelling your check • • do not use more than five or fewer than two words in your answer your in words two than fewer or five than more use not do • This will make it easier for you to follow the recording the follow to you for iteasier make will This about is listening the what of idea general your answer your find it easier to follow the recording if you know what it is going to be about be to isgoing it what know if you recording the follow to iteasier find but only one will be the answer to the question the to answer the be will one only but the meaning of the sentence the of meaning the word unnecessary anis there that see we that sentence the of rest the read we when isonly it and grammatical, itseems itsown, on readis line if a Sometimes, words. out any information any out 1 Short Recordings — Three-way M ultiple Choice ultiple M Three-way — Recordings Short 1 Snec o pletion com Sentence 2 ugse procedure: Suggested ErrCorrection C Error 5 Wr Fr ation Form Word 4 LISTENING HELPFUL TIPS FDR DEVELOPING SKILLS topics/opinions. to speakers matching involves and understanding general your tests task This attitudes. speakers’ e.g. understanding, general and detail for listening both on focus can task This procedure: Suggested Suggested procedure: Suggested options the of most hear probably Youwill distractors. of beware listening, while • e.g. mistakes, careless any made haven’t you that see to check recording, the after gap inthe • write to need you that word/number the hear will you that remember • There are 5 types of speaking activities in this book. this in activities speaking of types 5 are There etc. solving, problem analysing, questions, asking as such skills, thinking critical your develop and opinion your express to also but structures, grammatical and lexical of accuracy and fluency the not only practise to opportunity the you give activities Speaking • if you think you have got the answer the first time, use the second listening to confirm confirm to listening second the use time, first the answer the got have you think if you again recording the hear • will you as time, first the answer the get don’t if you worry don’t • what on focus you help to questions inthe words key underline to useful be might it speakers and • situation the about out to find questions the read listening, before • • before listening, read the questions to find out about the situation and speakers. Youwill speakers. and situation the about out to find questions the read listening, before • introduction a confirm to listening second the use time, first the answer the got have you think ifyou again recording the hear • will you as time, first the answer the get don’t if you worry don’t • mentioned, options the allhear probably Youwill distractors. of beware listening, while • what on focus you help to questions the in words key underline to useful be might it • • use formal language formal use • natural be rush— NOT DO and clearly speak • body,conclusion, (introduction, structure proper ahas presentation your that sure make • it readNOT DO but presentation, your plan • Presentation structure Presentation • use visual aids to improve the interest of your presentation (computer, video, real video, (computer, presentation your of interest the improve to aids visual use • words/phrases transitional relevant use • find it easier to follow the recording if you know what it is going to be about be to going isit what know if you recording the follow to iteasier find answer your for out listening you’re you’re listening out for out listening you’re question each to answer correct bethe can one only but once, than more mentioned instructions by the allowed than words more used or plural, or singular e.g. slips, grammar mistakes; spelling your answer your ending) objects, etc.) objects, but only one will be the answer to the question the to answer bethe will one but only • define the time for asking questions asking for time the define • cover will you points list the • topic the state • 4 Dialogue — Three-way M ultiple Choice ultiple M Three-way — Dialogue 4 1 Matching 3 Useful tips: Useful SPEAKING Presentation 159 PNDIX D PPEN A 160 HELPFUL TIPS FDR DEVELOPING SKILLS APPENDIX c use linking phrases and phrases to express agreement/disagreement, to give to agreement/disagreement, express to phrases and phrases linking use c view your support to examples and arguments some prepare a b think about possible counter arguments and prepare your response(s) response(s) your prepare and arguments counter possible about think b • presenting the decision the presenting • arguments their prepare to groups for time allow • or disagreeing and always try to justify your arguments. your to justify try always and disagreeing or byagreeing views their to respond and partner your listento questions, ask conversation, • asking & answering questions answering & asking • presentations group • • form three groups three form • Here are some suggestions on how to take part in a discussion: ain part take to how on suggestions some are Here • use linking andphrases phrases to to opinions, express give to said etc.• hasexamples, summarise, he/she what to respond to try and partner уоцг to carefully listen • give and mean you what explain to try something, for word exact the know don’t ifyou • another it with compare to try list, in the thing one about say to what know don’t ifyou • In a role play you are supposed to talk with your partner about the given topic. Initiate the Initiate topic. given the about partner your with talk to supposed are you play role aIn • if you have no opinion about the subject, think what other people might say about itand about say might people other what think subject, the about opinion no have if you • generate they because questions “open” ask and questions, “closed" avoid to try • ending d uerlvn rniinlwrsprss i words/phrases transitional relevant use • language informal use • way direct and clear simple, ain points your present • • plan your talk, but but talk, your plan • tips: Useful • include all important information important all include • conclusion c body b the third group can put questions to both groups. both to questions put can group third the group. The third group should listen to both groups and decide whether to accept or accept to whether decide and groups both to listen should group third The group. reject the motion providing arguments for their decision. Before making their decision, their making Before decision. their for arguments providing motion the reject the rejecting or accepting either for arguments prepare should groups two first The examples list the in one it express discussion motion. Present your arguments and be ready to answer questions from the other other the from questions answer to ready be and arguments your Present motion. examples, to express opinions, to summarise, etc. summarise, to opinions, express to examples, • thank your audience your thank • • finish your presentation your finish • presentation your of topic the develop • • restate your main points main your restate • DONOT RSNIG N ARGUMENT AN PRESENTING read it read ugse procedure: Suggested 5 Class debate Class 5 Discussion D 4 2 Short talk Short 2 3 Role play Role 3 I і pool, you'd pool,you'd Moulder things things Р Є Я ГNl - П Й , trainer. buring the past week we'vethe past become goodfriends, buring trainer. from я roomcolleague a with sharing u fti ol,smel.s e eln I Iafeeling world,som.etlm.es get this of out Please write Please letter.я you our teachers. They seem like nice people. The staff organised a organised people.nice like The seem staff our They teachers. things. othernecessary booksand arebuying a there. money and life my of rest Li* getting and settling busy Lots of old buildings, colleges, buildings, oldof Lots ил.яі*уwell-equippedйоил-puter swimming big я rooms and el htsalfrnw I'llnow.more write for when the all that's Well, here lam studies my of weeks six next I'llthe enjoy Ithink val H homesickness so far!so homesickness yesterday, party big i-+ow are things at home? Regards to all all i-+owto home? at Regards are things U>ts small town пеяг Warsaw. she is яteacher And яis teacher she пеяг Warsaw. town small dvj are of love of are a are Is really really Is you? sorry I Haven't written for so long, but Ilong, Haven't so for written sorry you? , adore soon. bit calmer now and I can s-ряге Ican and now to calmer bit time some teacietr.Teuiest bookshop is architecture.Thetheuniversity а бісері бісері e w nf mal t r tte e L l a rm fo In l etral ecmd No welcomed. really felt all ace and and ready for ready RTN SAMPLES WRITING dor\MS, the campus, the an an Poland. my my our friends. our enormous studies.. could Is magnificent. Is She comes She e V e w courses start. courses spend the spend library, Anyway, also met also I've been e w write front 161 PNDIX D PPEN A 162 RTN SAMPLESWRITING APPENDIX Takyuoc gi o orhsiaiyadteopruiyt learn to opportunity the and hospitality your for you once'Thank again flest wishes, flest Andrea fliilips Andrea 1he room was very comfortable and food was excellent. I must say I admire must I say I roomwas was foodexcellent. 1he and very comfortable more about England. I am looking forward to hearing jrom you soon.jrom hearing to forward looking am I England. more about learned from youmuchfrom library. asvarious two bookslearned city fromas inthe Уоиcookmcj mustyour Williams. me send Mrs some recipes. cake yourof yti o nln wst olc aeil o ybo. mustmyIve say book. I for materials wascollect to England to my trip guest. ordinary an not and family I especially enjoyed evening our especially conversations I discussions. and of aim 1he have suggestion. the I accept to reluctant little wassome in a I hotel, than I've also enjoyedI've also meetingmembersyour friends. other and yourof family xet огwrt ad ides aem ellk member a of the kindness mademelike Уоигwarmthexpect. and feel Vear never stayed in private accommodation and I simply did not know what not to did simply I accommodation and never private instayed as a guest in your house during my visit to Newcastle last month. houseyourlast in my Newcastle a guest as visit during to When my colleague suggested it would be belter to stay with a local family local witha Whenstay myto suggested wouldbelter becolleague it I would like to thank you both for those two most beautiful weeks youthosespent both most for I two beautiful thank to would like I Mr and Mrs Williams, Mrs and Mr eifra Letter Semi-formal ___ 5W7 OK 7 M ilk Street ilk M 7 London April* April* 6 AW 201 ___ London Mrs Mary Miller Mary Mrs saw advertised in the daily newspapers. daily the in advertised saw Madam, Dear certain area. I have also worked as a sales manager for Italian for manager sales a as worked also Ihave area. certain I am 26 years old and have graduated from London school of art. of school London from graduated have and old years 26 Iam sales a of position the for apply to writing lam on design all around Europe and gained a lot of experience in that in experience of lot a gained and seminars Europe and courses allaround design many on attended Ihave education, y m During 16 16 Benetton for three years. three for Benetton for Prada for the past two years but seek for a better opportunity better a for seek but years two past the for Prada for give me a great chance to get even more familiar with the English the with familiar more even get to chance great a me give I speak three foreign languages: French, German and Italian and Italian and German French, languages: foreign three Ispeak way. professional a in evolve and industry fashion to to dealing with a wider range of customers. I was always interested in interested always Iwas customers. of range wider a with dealing experience and qualifications. I hope that you will consider me for me willconsider you that hope I work y qualifications. m all and listof detailed experience a and recommendations the all wishes. Ienclose fulfill to customer's and managed problems always diverse with have dealt y m successfully During Ihave area. other Prada for any in work working myself see can't and fashion of capable Iam because job your for suitable myself find therefore professional development. professional Susan Moore Susan sincerely, Your further y m for opportunity perfect isa this because this job gain some new experience and skills. I think that this job would this job that skills. think I and experience new some gain Adam Street Adam (Letter of Application) of (Letter I I Formal Letter Letter Formal have been working as a sales assistant sales a as working been have hope to hear from you soon. you from hear to hope WRITING SAMPLES London h th 4 2 АИП 37 a ssista n t w hich hich w t n ssista a February Street - 0 1 0 2 I PN IX PPEND A 164 SAMPLES WRITING APPENDIX Wcrrlt, OfcLe^ Ехрелгь E AoULre-iS: E>A&£- irf- c L k / - ZMJCA,-. Burble: % ТемиХ^г) ^v^sjy °"f U^Xve^rstjby біППлГН^ R. t> ) A rt, rt, A rf f V planning to go to Salzburg. I'm really I'm Salzburg. to togo planning Jack in Austria. time a fantastic having I'm Lots o f f love, o Lots sunburn! got I've think I now and suncream we're weekend Next beautiful! It's Dad, and Mum Dear June 21rd ori.M oe' ut ofral, too. comfortable, quite hotel's My rain. no enjoying myself but I forgot to put on to put I but forgot myself enjoying The weather's great. Lots o f sunshine and f sunshine o Lots great. weather's The We've already visited Schonbrunn Castle. Schonbrunn visited We'vealready Wish you were here! were Wish you for dinner? If Anke arrives from Stuttgart, perhaps she perhaps Stuttgart, from arrives If later Anke up dinner? meeting for about How there. I get when ring hotel a the you give I'llfrom centre. the to airport the from bus a take [email protected] To: Take care, Take Visit My Subject: Jack soon! again you see to great be Itwill too. us, join could pack Iumbrella! sure my make I'll weather. the about message your Got [email protected] Cc: i Colleen, Hi yfih sarvn nVen oorwa 53,te I'll then 15:35, at tomorrow Vienna in arriving is flight My 19/06/08 Sent: [email protected] From: ...... EEE| | PRINT I| DELETE | П ...... Postcard Email RTN SAMPLES WRITING | FORWARD Mr and Mrs P Davies P Mrs and Mr BS6 3QA BS6 Road Mayfield Bristol Court Carlton 34 UK | EL DONE REPLY xj lx 0 J UJ -V □ 165 PNDIX D PPEN A RTN SAMPLESWRITING 166 APPENDIX fancy-dress party and celebrate Halloween Halloween celebrate and party fancy-dress I shouting V @ disappointed e surprised o < ( ) laughing D n e e W O L L A H at the Student Club (44 St Michael's Hill, Bristol). Bristol). Hill, Michael's St (44 Club Student the at Admission free, but bring some food and drink. drink. and food some bring but free, Admission screaming with us on Saturday 28 October 28 Saturday on us with bored sad really sad really happy List of Emoticons (smileys) for your email your for (smileys) Emoticons of List Fancy dress optimal, but recommended. recommended. but optimal, dress Fancy Please come to a fantastic afantastic to come Please PARTY! Hope to see you there: there: you see to Hope Mike and Janet and Mike From 7:30 p.m. 7:30 From (Janet Bonfire, 54 Charlotte Street, Street, Charlotte 54 Bonfire, (Janet Invitation hn 78 135246) 07986 phone Bristol BS2 6ZX, 6ZX, BS2 Bristol >:-< A A5 :> :-X :AD |-( Contact us: us: Contact what? sleepy up bs thum winking / ju s t kidding t s / ju winking great! I like it! like I great! angry my lips are sealed are lips my high five high .A < .A II PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE PARAGRAPH II I ESSAY STRUCTURE I PARAGRAPH STUCTURE PARAGRAPH I STRUCTURE ESSAY I • Conclusion: Does the concluding concluding the Does Conclusion: • / ordering of method Isthe Body: • Ill SENTENCE STRUCTURE SENTENCE Ill V EDITING IV « Does the paragraph comprise different different comprise paragraph the Does « Are all the sentences clear? (expressing a (expressing clear? sentences the all Are Topic sentence: Does each paragraph each Does Topicsentence: Transitions: Are transitional words and words transitional Are Transitions: Are there any mistakes in grammar or ingrammar mistakes any there Are Concluding sentences: Is a concluding Isa sentences: Concluding supporting Do sentences: Supporting Introduction: Does the introductory introductory the Does Introduction: sentence have a controlling idea? controlling ahave sentence (coherence) effectively? and correctly sentence(s) and a final comment? comment? afinal and sentence(s) topic? the for appropriate organisation statement? thesis clear a and each point? Are transitional words and words transitional point? Are each explain to details enough give sentences topic each Does sentence? atopic have phrases between body paragraphs used paragraphs body between phrases concluding both have paragraph statements general both have paragraph types of sentences? (simple, compound compound (simple, sentences? of types thought?) complete sentence used (if necessary)? (if used sentence effectively? and correctly used phrases capitalization, etc.) capitalization, and complex sentences) complex and mechanics? (spelling, punctuation and punctuation (spelling, mechanics? s si i t lis k c e h C n io is v e R y ssa E RTN SAMPLES WRITING agr si i t lis k c e h C n io is v e R h p ra g ra a P II SENTENCE STRUCTURE SENTENCE II III GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS AND GRAMMAR III « Does the paragraph have: paragraph the Does « Are all the sentences clear? clear? sentences the all Are Are there any mistakes in mistakes any there Are Does the paragraph have the have paragraph the Does sentences supporting Do the Is there an appropriate appropriate anIs there Is there a clear topic sentence? sentence? topic clear a Is there Does the paragraph comprise comprise paragraph Does the transitional words and phrases) and words transitional correct ordering? (chronological, ordering? correct sentence? concluding coherence? (appropriate (appropriate coherence? logical) or spatial idea? idea? main the explain fully and clearly sentences) different types of sentences? of types different thought) complete a (expressing unity,completeness, Does it contain a controlling controlling a itcontain Does capitalization, etc.) capitalization, mechanics? or grammar (simple, compound and complex and compound (simple, (spelling, punctuation, (spelling, APPENDIX 168 C O M M OTR N A N S I T I □ N A L S APPENDIX on the whole the on by and large byand general in generally just as / just like as / just just not only ... but also but ... only not and ... both equally / equal as same the similar to similar alike same the as similarly too likewise also as now as soon as soon gradually when while meanwhile before after at first first at finally after that after then later on later third next second allof first first Making General Making Chronological o parison Com Statements Order / the fact of the matter is matter the of fact the actually fact of matter a as infact effect in as a result of result aas as a consequence of of consequence aas to due of effect the the first cause / reason / cause first the from result to because of of because as since for an additional, another additional, an also finally because first, second, third, etc. third, second, first, the primary the moreover addition in the most important important most the last next a more important important more a foremost and first above all above primarily most importantly / significantly significantly / importantly most the last and the most important important most the last and the more importantly / significantly significantly / importantly more important most the and first the Cause Cause xrsig Reality Expressing re mportance Im f o Order Logical Order Logical I Reason reason is... is... reason is... reason oh . and ... both from apart more is what another another and too more importantly importantly more furthermore not only ... but also but ... only not besides moreover in addition (to) addition in despite though still in spite of spite in different from different whereas nonetheless nonetheless nevertheless unlike while though even although although yet but hand other the on in contrast in however inside between behind to next in the centre of of centre inthe behind / to the rear of / of rear the to / behind right the on in front of infront left the on of bottom the at of top the at Contrast in the background background inthe Order Spatial ddition A I to affect to for reason the in result to of cause the thus therefore so consequently consequence / result a as hence The way I see it Isee way The concerned Iam as far As I couldn’t agree / disagree more that / with / that more disagree / agree Icouldn’t that believe to inclined Iam with / that disagree / Iagree convinced. (not) Iam feel/ Ithink believe / firmly) (strongly I is that opinion My to put it another way another it put to It seems / appears to me to appears / Itseems view / opinion / belief my Itis view / opinion my In that is to say isto that in other words words other in Effect Effect Paraphrasing C larifying larifying C I Result Giving Opinion Giving I WORDS PHRASES AND with reference to reference with / regard / respect with according to according concerning regarding for the purpose of of purpose the for to reference / regard in to reference with the intention of intention the with toas so that so if to order in Referring to Sources to Referring Reference Purpose for these reasons these for as a result aas allinall thus therefore indeed end the in event any in in short in brief in summary in conclusion in onclusion C to put it briefly it put to clearly course, of obviously obviously infact indeed briefly brief / inshort say to needless or otherwise unless if Alternative mphasis Em Summary that is that in other words words other in such as such especially instance for example for particularly particular in of example an like Explanation Example 169 PE IX D APPEN 170 RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR APPENDIX and ordinal numbers. ordinal and use We We use We We use We instruments. expressions. that are unique (there’s only one). only (there’s unique are that use We what we mean. we what We use We We use We enmnind before. mentioned been has that something about expressions. use We quantity.of use We ‘every’. means it when We use We We use We time. first the for talking about a person or thing or person a about talking We use We use We itagain. countable nouns. countable use We spelling. notthe word, following on the pronunciation of the of pronunciation the on an an use We before a vowel. But it depends itdepends But vowel. abefore the the the the the the the the the the the the the a a a a a / an an / a an / a a / an an / a a in some fixed some in expressions some in in some expressions expressions some in before a consonant and consonant a before with superlatives superlatives with with musical musical with with some time some with with persons or things things or persons with when it is clear clear is it when when we talk talk we when when we talk about talk we when use when we are we when jobs. with use only with singular singular with only It can be used before any noun, singular or plural. or singular noun, any before usedbe Itcan Yfte means ‘you know which one/ones Imean’. one/ones which know ‘you means Yfte A/AN — THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE INDEFINITE THE — A/AN THE — THE DEFINITE ARTICLE DEFINITE THE — THE ARTICLES She’s She’s play you Can When I was in Rome I saw Rome in I was When Turn on Turn I was in in Open and take take Don’t sit in sit Don’t three times times three twice The a have have have once a We saw saw We I bought a shirt and a sweater. a and shirt a I bought a a a She’s a a lot of people of lot number of pupils of number one-day trip trip one-day cat cat pencil uniform uniform the the the the the the girl was very little and little very was girl a a a a the the a the the the the afternoon at at afternoon vnn in evening a picture go for for go picture cold have (take) have like sleep headache cold day) every (once day year the the us. He’s nurse. sweater is blue.is sweater a first to finish to first fastest runner in our class but today but today class our in runner fastest door! (You can see which one.) one.) which see (Youcan door! girl with girl the the a TV! the the week, etc. week, sun. It’s too hot. It’stoo sun. example example piano? a dog. the the the the an an an a an an the the an an few questions questions few interesting story interesting orange hour elephant race. weekend morning morning a the the the the an an walk, etc. walk, a The The engineer. dog was big. was dog Pope. a a log bath /shower bath/shower shirt is redis shirt of meals. of names the with article no use We months. and days the of names the with article no use We games. and sports subjects, school languages, of names the with article no use We singular. the in mountains and islands lakes, of names the with article no use We and parks squares, streets, of names the with article no use We cities. and countries continents, of names the people. of names the with article no use We bridges. In general, we use no article with article no use we In general, expresions. use We plural in the names family with e) d) with the names of hotels, of names the d)with that countries of names the with c) We use We a) with the names of rivers, seas rivers, of names the with a) b) with the names of groups of of groups of names the b) with and buildings buildings and museums theatres, cinemas, kingdom aor republic a union, a include ranges mountain and islands oceans and the the the the with some names. some with in some fixed some in There are a number of situations when we use we when situations of number aare There use use RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR NO ARTICLE NO The The the on to go the the go to to go the the the the the live at live call the the the the listen to listen But: But: What time is supper? is time What dinner? is time What June in ends course The Tower Bridge, Hyde Park, Trafalgar Square Park,Trafalgar Hyde Bridge, Tower Smith. Paulis This Can you speak French? speak you Can and Oxford Street are all in London. inall are Street Oxford and He loves football and chess. and football loves He subject. my favourite is History South America. in country ais Brazil Let’s have breakfast. have Let’s Scotland. in mountain ais Nevis Ben States. inthe is Michigan Lake I'll see you on Monday.on you see I'll He’s from London. He’sfrom the the Amazon Amazon the the Hilton Empire State Building State Empire National Theatre Theatre National Republic of Croatia of Republic States United Bahamas Pacific Ocean Pacific Greens are coming to dinner tonight. dinner to coming are Greens Croatia, England, Canada England, Croatia, the the the the the left, onleft, police the the doctor's go to the dentist’s the to go doctor's cinema go to the theatre the to go cinema seaside, live inlive seaside, radio radio the the example example right, in right, no article. no the the the the the the the the the the the But: But: the the Alps Science Museum Science country country Broadway Cinema Broadway United Kingdom United Sea Black middle, etc. middle, watch TV watch 171 PNDIX D PPEN A GRAMMAR REFERENCE 172 APPENDIX som e e som any Some, Countable Countable Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable ...... Any Any an make we when example for when we expect a positive answer, positive a expect we when sentences. anything, anything, request. or offer Some Some somewhere, somewhere, Some Not any any Not sentences. interrogative used in interrogative sentences sentences interrogative in used in affirmative sentences. affirmative in ething, som someone, ebody, (som include: of Groups of common expressions. common of number ina article no use We • collective nouns collective • phenomena natural • diseases « languages • sports • study of subjects • nouns mass • • certain other nouns other certain • and its compounds compounds its and wafer wafer ...... and its compounds are also are itscompounds and and its compounds itscompounds and is used in negative negative in used is - - -В nouns are those that can be counted (one apple, two apples, etc.). apples, two apple, (one counted be can that those are nouns and etc.) are usually used inused usually are etc.) some some . w ,цт, w Щ uncountable nouns uncountable ...... nouns take a singular verb and are not used with used not are and verb singular a take nouns etc.). bread, (water, counted be cannot that those are nouns etc.) are normally used normally are etc.) no no use use use ...... potatoes. .... are used with uncountable nouns and plural countable louns: countable plural and nouns uncountable with used are -> ------ONAL UCUTBE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE — COUNTABLE SOME SOME « T * ІПЮрПВ " «FT (anyone, I ANY ANY I NO & THEIR COMPOUNDS THEIR & NO * •'>'•*’ Arabic, French, Chinese French, Arabic, tennis cricket, football, etc. love, in fall go to prison / be in prison (as a (as prison inbe / prison to go home at home, go church ,to go work to go school, to go come on foot foot on come bytrain bus/ by plane/ by / car by travel bed to go holiday on go a (as hospital inbe / hospital to go chickenpox, malaria, measles malaria, chickenpox, Would you like you Would There is There Physics, History, Geography, etc. Geography, History, Physics, etc. wine, sugar,milk, comdto agr luck anger accommodation mist snow, rain, There There money, furniture, luggage money,furniture, Has anyone anyone isn’t any any isn’t some some seen Jim today? Jim seen som ething ething som wine left in the bottle. in the left wine petrol in the tank. inthe petrol example example example a/an. to drink? to prisoner) ^ «W Г ПW Г : № V $ < , ! > ’г ; І . н'М patient) A little little A e few A Note: Note: sentences. sentences. A lot o f / lots lots / f o lot A emphasis. for followed by a noun.aby followed used with plural countable nouns. countable plural with used and nouns uncountable in negative or interrogative interrogative or negative in few A omitted when when omitted The sentences. affirmative little A Few pie. apple an make can We and can be used with used be can and Much Much nouns. They are normally used in used normally are They nouns. uncountable and countable plural none’ and can be used with used be can and none’ Little enough’. but none’ any,almost ‘hardly means enough’. but When When as Any negative sentences. negative of instead used is a difference in meaning. in difference ais there sentences affirmative in used such words negative with used be No No tot nvr rarely. never, ithout, w and its compounds can be can itscompounds and We use a singular verb with compounds of of compounds with verb singular ause We and There and its compounds can also can itscompounds and and means ‘hardly any,almost ‘hardly means and means ‘not many, ‘not means any any means ‘not much, ‘not means few few little little many many is Much Much and its compounds are itscompounds and are used with plural countable nouns. countable plural with used are nothing they can do. can they nothing a lot / lots lots / lot a of are used with both with used are of use use use are used with uncountable nouns. uncountable with used are not any any not are usually used usually are is used with used is very very A LOT OF OF LOT A many many A FEW FEW A are not are in o f f o for very is is RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR I I FEW — A LITTLE LITTLE A — FEW LOTS OF — MUCH — MANY — MUCH — OF LOTS There aren’t aren’t There supermarket? spend you Didcity. fridge. I can make some juice. make Ican fridge. are There We have a few apples. afew have We There is (very) (very) is There is There was was another cup? another There were (very) (very) were There Anyone Anyone There There in the bank. inthe You can do Youcan I’ll go and buy some. buy and I’llgo Laura didn’t say say didn’t Laura (it doesn't matter who) matter (it doesn't what) matter doesn’t (it I have never met anyone like him before. himlike anyone met never haveI nobody nobody wasn’t anybody anybody wasn’t some, any any some, a little little a could have done that, done have could a lot / lots lots / lot a anything anything m any any m I in the house.) inthe LITTLE little little coffee left — would you like you would left — coffee anything. anything. example example example few few parks in the centre of the of centre inthe parks m uch uch m and sugar left. sugar of oranges inthe oranges of you like.you people queuing queuing people ntehue (= There house. the in no. money at the money (= She said She (= nothing) 173 PE IX D APPEN 174 RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR APPENDIX They They Bruno? is Where Is Mary? is Where few/(a) little/several/one/two, little/several/one/two, few/(a) I have got a book. a got Ihave olwd by followed many Too specific group. specific a about talking when noun a then and use We much. too as than is wanted or needed. or iswanted than shows that there is more of something of more is there that shows much Too nouns. It has the same negative meaning negative same Itthe has nouns. questions and negations. and questions nouns. It has a negative meaning and meaning negative Itahas nouns. How much much How How many + countable noun—►number countable + many How noun—►amount uncountable +much How SUBJECT OBJE.CT (used with a noun} (used without a noun} a without (used noun} a with (used OBJE.CT SUBJECT They them th eir eir th them They You You you yo ur ur yo you You She her her her her She eus We ehim He tit It I are lovely. are RNUSPOON PRONOUNS PRONOUNS PRONOUNS ESNLPSESV ABSOLUTE POSSESSIVE PERSONAL n/ c/o /n/ ost/(a) e/any/m uch/som any/m m is used with plural countable countable plural with usedis is used with uncountable He couldn’t sleep because the children the because sleep couldn’t He uncountable with used is the/that/this/ these/those the/that/this/ and subject form subject use how many many how He He you me my my me she she is late.is ESNLPOON hv wofr s: form o tw have PRONOUNS PERSONAL A LOT OF / LOTS OF — MUCH — MANY — MUCH — OF LOTS / OF LOT A coming? coming? are used inused are etc. + etc. PRONOUNS f o our our yo ur ur yo his his its its os It’s house omIt’s room book room tail dog cap very expensive, expensive, very We love We for waiting are We Tell Some o f f o Some making were Give Give car But: many people people many (houses in general) in (houses were There crowded. very It was How m any any m How much How her her Some houses are very expensive. very are houses Some me me to come. to them. the book, please. book, the the houses in that district are district inthat houses the children do they have? they do children example pepper shall pepper too m uch uch m too there. object form object (houses in that district) that in (houses him. It’s It’s It’s It's noise. It’s I put in the soup? soup? in the put theirs. yours. yours. mine. ours. hers. his. too Note: Note: + -r (+ than) (+ -r + in ending adjectives + consonant last the double usually consonant: by a followed vowel short ain ending adjectives one-syllable adjective usually adjectives: one-syllable for emphasis. for + -er (+ than) (+ -er + the are object the and subject the when Sometimes we use reflexive pronouns pronouns reflexive use we Sometimes preposition. + verb same person. same verb the after pronouns reflexive use We yourself Reflexive pronouns are also used after aafter used also are pronouns Reflexive itself herself himself myself isn’t That Singular pronouns end in end pronouns Singular be can’t This For example: For Is this help, hurt, introduce, kill and teach. and kill introduce, hurt, help, We often use reflexive pronouns after: pronouns reflexive use often We yo ur ur yo are followed by a noun. aby followed are Possessive pronouns Possessive my my baa? their their pencil. We use POSSESSIVE and ABSOLUTE PRONOUNS ABSOLUTE and POSSESSIVE use We form to show that som ething belongs to somebody. to belongs ething som that show to use use cat. -e: use: use: usually adjective adjective usually -self COMPARATIVES: ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVES: -er (+ than) (+ -er to compare two things, people, etc. people, things, two compare to REFLEXIVE RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR behave, burn, control, cut, defend, enjoy, defend, cut, control, burn, behave, PRONOUNS Chillies are Chillies the pictures. the yourself. of Take care I think peaches are peaches Ithink are Drums She did it by herself, (on her own) her (on herself, byit did She herself. to spoke She themselves Prince Charles himself painted himself Charles Prince She made She yourselves ourselves He looked at himself in the mirror.in the himself at looked He The plural forms end inend forms plural The hurt I Theirs Theirs My bag is old and oldis bagMy Mine m yself yself m is here.is is black and white. and black is are used without a noun. a without used are herself herself Absolute pronouns Absolute louder louder hotter hotter hn Idown. fell when example example example yours yours than violins. than than onions. than a cup of coffee. of cup a nicer nicer -selves is new.is than apples. than 175 PNDIX D PPEN A GAMR REFERENCE GRAMMAR ( 176 APPENDIX • ‘Lemons are ‘Lemons • • The film was was film The • • We use We • Notes: the m ost ost m the the the adjectives with three or more syllables: syllables: more or three with adjectives in ending adjectives two-syllable most two-syllable adjectives and adjectives two-syllable most adjective + the adjectives ending in ending adjectives + doubled adjective + the oe olwdb osnn: usually consonant: bya followed vowel short ina ending adjectives one-syllable one-syllable adjectives: adjectives: one-syllable usually usually adjectives with three or more syllables: more or three with adjectives more + adjective (+ adjective + more usually change change usually in ending adjectives two-syllable most two-syllable adjectives and adjectives two-syllable most Example: lemons’. more interesting than the film’. the than interesting more + adjective adjective old little far good bad the + adjective + -est + adjective + the IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES: ADJECTIVES SUPERLATIVES: AND COMPARATIVES IRREGULAR adjective as + adjective + as as + adjective + as + He isHe -est adjective not as as not not as/so as/so not with with last consonant consonant last with + -y -y as as -st form use: use: form to tail than) -e: -y -y big -kr -kr changed changed as as to compare three or more things, people, etc. people, things, more or three compare to usually as as (+ interesting interesting hisfather. SUPERLATIVES: ADJECTIVES SUPERLATIVES: than) oranges’ oranges’ to say that two people or things are the same.the are things or people two that say to to -y. -y. -iest o parative com older/elder farther/further worse more less better as as means the same as same the means the book' book' the emperor. Nero was was Nero Pete is Pete world. inthe drums Are I think peaches are are peaches Ithink Chillies are Chillies instrument? than the Emperor Tiberius. Emperor the than The Emperor Nero was Nero was Emperor The Pete is Pete means the same as same the means the noisiest noisiest the noisier noisier the m ost fam ous ous fam ost m the the loudest loudest the the hottest hottest the ‘Oranges are bigger than bigger are ‘Oranges than Tom. than example example the oldest/eldest the least the the most the farthest/furthest the the worst the the best the the nicest nicest the boy in the school. inthe boy superlative musical vegetables. The book was book The oefmous fam more Roman fruit fruit form + I/You like pasta. He/She/It likes pasta. We/You/They like pasta, like We/You/They pasta. likes He/She/It pasta. I/Youlike + form h rsn ipei sdt akaottig hc hpe reitaltetm, not just time, the all exist or happen which things about talk to used is simple present The at the moment of speaking. of moment at the form form one-syllable adverbs: one-syllable the + adverb + -est + adverb + the adverb usually adverbs: one-syllable -er + adverb adjectives: as form same the with adverbs usually usually adverbs with the same form as adjectives: adjectives: as form same the with adverbs for repeated actions — often used with used often — actions repeated for for general truths, facts and states and facts truths, general for adverbs of frequency frequency of adverbs for present actions in commentaries or or commentaries in actions present for (often programmes and timetables for never) sometimes, stories speaker) not the else, someone by made for temporary situations in the present inthe situations temporary for at the place taking actions incomplete for moment of speaking of moment - I/You don’t like pasta. He/She/It doesn’t like pasta. We/You/They don’t like pasta. like don’t We/You/They pasta. like doesn’t He/She/It pasta. like I/Youdon’t - ? Do I/you like pasta? Does he/she/it like pasta? Do we/you/they like pasta? like Dowe/you/they pasta? like he/she/it Does pasta? like I/you Do ? - I am not reading. You are not reading. He/She/It is not reading. not is He/She/It reading. not Youare reading. not Iam - ? Am I reading? Are you reading? Is he/she/it reading? Are we/you/they reading? we/you/they Are reading? Ishe/she/it reading? you IAre reading? Am ? reading. are We/You/They reading. is He/She/It reading. Youare reading. Iam + be We/You/They are not reading. not are We/You/They more + adverb + more + verb + +verb form form use use -ing use: use: eg las often, always, (e.g. form to compare three or more actions, etc. actions, more or three compare to use: use: THE VERB PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT VERB THE COMPARATIVES: ADVERBS COMPARATIVES: SUPERLATIVES: ADVERBS SUPERLATIVES: the m ost + ost m the PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR to compare two actions, etc actions, two compare to Sue speaks speaks Sue speaks Sue in our family.our in lived grandfather My grandfather my lived grandmother My The postman always always postman The The horse Starlight Starlight horse The am. 8:00 at Our bodies bodies Our Lunch has soon. It’s It’s talking I’m raining raining four dogs. They They dogs. four is is at 1 pm. at contain contain on the phone — I’ll beI’ll finished — phone the on at the moment. the at the m ost quietly, ost m the more quietly quietly more example example example example is is five litres of blood. She blood. of litres five live live the longest the delivers delivers longer longer in the lead. the in in the country. in the than than the letters the 177 PE IX D APPEN 178 RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR APPENDIX Note: Note: form regular: verb + verb regular: form for completed situations in the past the in situations completed for for telling stories in which one thing one inwhich stories telling for is time the (sometimes past inthe time definite a at actions completed short, for past inthe actions repeated for happened after another after happened not mentioned but is understood) is but mentioned not the same the stay which situations for for talking about about talking for feeling about talking for possession Continuous. Present inthe not Simple, Present the in only used usually are verbs Some for talking about thinking about talking for to express irritation (used with (used irritation express to for talking about the about talking for with used (often adverbs of time, e.g. arrangements future for for changes taking place at the present time present the at place taking changes for senses (sometimes used with used (sometimes Adverbial expressions which we expressions often Adverbial use with the Past Simple include: at (four o’clock), football. play not did l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They - on (2 July 2000), last week/month/year, in (1999), yesterday, on (Friday), ago. ? Did l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they play football? play l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they Did ? football. played l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They + irregular: e.g. shake/shook, make/made, think/thought make/made, shake/shook, e.g. irregular: use use use tomorrow, this weekend) -ed more and more) and more want, wish want, nld, need include, own, possess own, be, contain, deserve, deserve, contain, be, belong, have/have got, have/have belong, hate, dislike, love, like, understand recognise, disagree, forget, imagine, forget, disagree, believe, appear, agree, remember; realise, think, realise, remember; promise, prefer; know, seem, smell, sound, taste sound, smell, seem, see,hear, feel, appear, always) STATIVE VERBS STATIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST verbs We We years. She She We My grandparents grandparents My Our teacher is always isalways teacher Our The weather weather The I’m m eeting eeting m I’m homework! walked walked left left said said at 6 pm.6 at goodbye, goodbye, in the park every morning. every park inthe The trees trees The woman. The coat coat The We He my friends at 6:00 pm.6:00 at friends my He That I I You I He He is getting getting is example own own love love example nwknow lived lived needs needs has has thinks sounds sounds prefer prefer opened opened seem seem sm ells ells sm my car.my Italian paintings. Italian what you mean. you what in Corfu for many many for Corfu in a motorbike. a example giving giving belongs belongs are are a holiday.a she’s happy. she’s hot. tired. to walk. to annoyed. annoyed. the door and door the wonderful! wonderful! tall. usextra to that that to form past tense of of tense past form form form for background information about the about information background for the past the in situations continuing temporary, for for an action in the past which is which past inthe action an for wearing or doing were people what weather; interrupted by another by interrupted for recently completed actions actions completed recently for for actions in the past which are still are which past inthe actions for (with actions completed recently for the past and continue up to the present present the up to continue and past the in started which situations or actions for with with an to refer which actions past for (without a definite time) time) definite a (without with the superlative the with important in the present the in important (often used with used (often unknown, incomplete timean (often used (often timean incomplete unknown, - I was not sleeping. You were not sleeping. He/She/It was not sleeping. not was He/She/It sleeping. not Youwere sleeping. not I was - ? Was I sleeping? Were you sleeping? Was he/she/it sleeping? he/she/it Was sleeping? you Were Isleeping? Was ? + I was sleeping. You were sleeping. He/She/It was sleeping. was He/She/It sleeping. Youwere sleeping. I was + - + I/You have read I/Youhave + ? Have I/you read I/you Have ? never, ever) never, Were we/you/they sleeping? we/you/they Were sleeping. not were We/You/They sleeping. were We/You/They We/You/They have not read not have We/You/They read have We/You/They + have Have we/you/they read we/you/they Have I/You have not read not I/Youhave past participle past since, for) since, use use be + be Persuasion. Persuasion verb + verb Persuasion. RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR Persuasion Persuasion. -ing form -ing PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PAST CONTINUOUS PAST ? Has he/she/it read he/she/it Has ? He/She/It has read has He/She/It Persuasion. just) He/She/It has not read not has He/She/It ? The children children The the coast. the sun The He for two years. He years. two for This is the best holiday holiday best is the This 1980. since They He I’ve finished finished I’ve He Have He was standing standing was has has has has painted has have walked walked have you ever ever you just just never never was shining shining was Persuasion. Persuasion washed washed were were my homework. my been been visited visited example example many wonderful pictures. wonderful many has lived lived has Persuasion. next to the window. the to next all to school every day day every school to in a plane. ain the car.the wearing wearing ? as we drove along drove we as Australia? I’ve I’ve ever ever in this town this in new clothes. new had. 179 PNDIX D PPEN A 180 RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR APPENDIX form form form form form form form form occurred events inwhich order the emphasise to event past another before happened which event past a for for states and repeated actions inthe actions repeated and states for for temporary or incomplete actions actions incomplete or temporary for was still happening when another action another when happening still was and past the in began which action an for started in the past in the started past which do not exist now exist not do which past in the past in the - l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They didn’t use to play the piano. play the to use didn’t l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They - - l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They had not been working. working. been not had l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They - ? Had l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they learnt to swim on holiday? on swim to learnt l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they Had ? ? Did l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they use to play the piano? the play to use l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they Did ? ? Had l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they been working? been l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they Had ? + l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They had learnt to swim on holiday.on swim to learnt had l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They + singing. been not has He/She/It singing. been not I/You have - + l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They used to play the piano. the play to used l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They + + l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They had been working. been had l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They + ? Have I/you been singing? Has he/she/it been singing? been he/she/it Has singing? been I/you Have ? + I/You have been singing. He/She/It has been singing. been has He/She/It singing. been I/You have + l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They had not learnt to swim on holiday.on swim to learnt not had l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They had had used to used We/You/They have not been singing. been not have We/You/They singing. been have We/You/They Have we/you/they been singing? been Havewe/you/they been + have + past participle past + + been + verb + +verb been + +verb use use use use + verb + +verb PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PERFECT PRESENT PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PERFECT PAST -ing -ing form form PAST PERFECT PAST USED TO USED the house. the film the that found and late cinema the at arrived They We didn’t eat dinner until we we until dinner eat didn’t We We lunchtime. She We We She before she understood aword. understood she before have been w alking alking w been have used to to used has been playing playing been has had been learning learning been had had had live in France. inlive example example example example already already music since music for two hours. two for English for a year year a for English begun. had cleaned had form modal + infinitive without ‘to’ without infinitive + modal form Note: Note: form form form form Shall Shall is often used in especially e.g.the instead of will with/, interrogative, Notes to talk about probability about talk to possibility about talk to for repeated actions in the past which do which past the in actions repeated for for predictions based on clear evidence clear on based predictions for the before made plans and intentions for arrangements and plans for facts future for J with used (often predictions for speaking of time the at made decisions for not happen now happen not moment of speaking of moment believe/hope/think) - I am not going to fall. You are not going to fall.to not going Youare fall. to going not Iam - not wait. will l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They - ? Will l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they wait? l/you/he/she/it/we/you/they Will ? + l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They will wait. will l/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They + ? Am I going to fall? Are you going to fall? Is he/she/it going to fall? to going he/she/it Is fall? to going you Are fall? to Igoing Am ? fall. to going is He/She/It fall. to going You are fall. to going Iam + must, have to have must, Modal verbs are: verbs Modal Are we/you/they going to fall? going we/you/they Are We/You/They are going to fall. to going are We/You/They to +going be would He/She/It is not going to fall. We/You/They are not going to fall. to not going are We/You/They to fall. going not is He/She/It will + infinitive without to without infinitive + + verb + use use use use + infinitive without to without infinitive + can, could, may, might, shall, will, should, would, ought to, ought would, should, will, shall, might, may, could, can, RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE MODAL VERBS MODAL GOING TO GOING WOULD The plane The It It baby That Egyptians ancient The We’ll We’ll he new job, his started he Before sun. the by Our school holidays holidays school Our I’m it I think I’ll could could may may answer the phone. the answer w ould watch watch ould w going to study study to going meet meet be cold in Scotland, so pack a jumper. rain today. w ill be be ill w should should is going to fall! to going is you outside the cinema at 7:30. at cinema the outside you a cold winter this year. this winter colda example example example example television all evening. all television arrive about now. about arrive English next year. next English w ill start start ill w w ould tell tell ould w Shall Shall I wait here? in July.in the time time the 181 PNDIX D PPEN A 182 RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR APPENDIX form conditional clause: clause: conditional form form conditional clause: clause: conditional form • After After • We use even if e.g. for emphasis, • Note: otl bu rhbto You prohibition about talk to ability/inability about talk to permission about talk to advice give to to give advice give to events hypothetical or likely less for to talk about lack of obligation/necessity of lack about talk to to talk about obligation/necessity about talk to certainty about talk to certainty negative about talk to for for areevents future likely which to happen to talk about near certainty She’s won the lottery — she she — lottery the won She’s certainty near about talk to in the future inthe were a millionaire, I’d buy an island. an buy I’d millionaire, a were if, if, main clause: clause: main main clause: clause: main we sometimes use were instead of of instead were use sometimes we use use s example use would will + infinitive without ‘to’ without infinitive + if+ if+ + infinitive without ‘to’ without infinitive + past simple past present simple simple present SECOND CONDITIONAL SECOND FIRST CONDITIONAL FIRST vni he if had Even a part-time he would work job, as hard.just was, was, You Yes,you You You We You exercise. You This This museum. excited! I He I He birthday My your exam. your world. the If If up gave I If If If could could have to to have you you can’t can’t has to to has don’t have have don’t ought to to ought shouldn’t m ustn’t ustn’t m may have don’t ust to/should/m ought especially in a formal style, e.g. style, ainformal especially can’t can’t w orked orked w hurry, hurry, bake a cake if I had the time. the hadI if cake a bake can can do maths. do borrow my bike.my borrow write to my parents this week. this parents my to write do his homework this evening. this homework his do be the right road. right bethe w ill ill w work, work, walk on the grass inthe grass the on walk you go to town this afternoon. afternoon. this town to go save a bit more money. more bit a save harder; you you harder; stay up so late every night. every late so up stay to pay to get into the into get to pay to to do the washing up. washing the do to example example be on aTuesday this year. this aTuesday onbe w ill ill w I w ould travel travel ould Iw catch your plane. your catch w ould pass ould w take some some take m ust ust m round If I If be form form form conditional clause: clause: conditional form When can also be used in• these g econditionals, Note: • We use by + person/thing when we want to emphasise who or what did something, e.g. something, did what or who emphasise to want we when person/thing + by use We • Note: for commands for effect and cause show to truths or rules general for to describe how something is made or made is something how describe to action the doing thing or person the when action the doing thing or persor the when Past Simple They invented bungee jumping in New Zealand. New in jumping bungee invented They Simple Past Simple Present Present Continuous They are decorating their house this week. this house their decorating are They Continuous Present Past Continuous She was feeding my cat at the weekend. the at cat my feeding was She Continuous Past how it works how known not is unimportant or obvious is month. a for disco the closed They Perfect Present Modal Verbs Two people can move the piano. the move can people Two fish. the caught had He Verbs Modal Perfect Past Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian’s of the new clause. new the of subject the into clause active the of object the making by isformed passive The be main clause: infinitive without ‘to’/imperative without infinitive clause: main + past participle past + es example tense s example use was was s example use built by the Romans in the first century AD. century first the in Romans the by built if+ present simple present RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR ZERO CONDITIONAL ZERO —► Bungee jumping jumping Bungee —► France. in cheese this make They —*■ piano The fish The —► disco The —► —► This cheese cheese This —► —► My cat cat My —► house Their —► If If If If If you you there it THE PASSIVE THE starts starts eat eat is is fruit and vegetables, you feel healthy. feel you vegetables, and fruit no rain, many plants die. plants many rain,no to rain, go inside. go rain, to was being fed fed being was The house house The limestone. Glass Glass BC. 3000 Stonehenge had been been had was closed closed was can be moved moved be can When the lesson begins, please be please quiet.theWhen lesson begins, is being decorated decorated being is is made made is is made made is was invented invented was was built built was caught. was constructed constructed was in France. in at the weekend. the at for a month. a for from sand, soda and soda sand, from by two people. bytwo in a month. ain in New Zealand. New in this week. this in about about in 183 PNDIX D PPEN A 184 RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR APPENDIX Note • The pronouns pronouns The • form We usually change the tenses and some other words when we report what what report we when words other some and tenses the change usually We form • • • The adjectives adjectives The • • No commas are used in defining relative clauses which give essential information, e.g. information, essential give which clauses relative defining in used are commas No • • Commas are used in non-defining relative clauses which give extra or unessential unessential or extra give which clauses relative non-defining in used are Commas • use can we Sometimes • Note for a year.' a for all day.’ all rsn efc otnos —► continuous perfect present —► cooked ple have ‘I sim perfect present atcniuu —► continuous past , ent w ‘We —-► ple sim past ‘I’m rsn otnos —► continuous present sister ‘My —► ple sim present rnu use pronoun I’ve been learning learning been I’ve I was w alking alking w was I My I The pronouns these and those usually change to them.to change usually those and these pronouns The .. 7 e.g. .. 7 e.g. hy w when where hich w whose who sometimes changes to to changes sometimes information, e.g. information, exciting. really This is the book that/which my brother gave me. gave brother my that/which book the This is sometimes changes to to changes sometimes w riting riting w someone said. someone like these grapes. grapes. ’ these like want to paint this blue. this ’ to paint want d irect speech irect d for awalk.’ for is is to my boyfriend,’ my to for reasons for time for places for for people people for for things things for possessive of of possessive a ballet dancer' ballet a this in the forest forest inthe the dinner’ the this, that these and those and these that this, The book, which my brother gave me for my birthday, is really exciting. really is birthday, my for me gave brother my which Thebook, and English that that he or she.or he —► who REPORTED SPEECH: TENSES SPEECH: REPORTED her usually change to change usually instead of of instead —► He/She said he/she liked the grapes. the liked he/she said He/She or RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE That was a time time a was That W hose hose W The book I don’t know know Idon’t People I saw the house house Ithe saw his. Our changes to their.to changes Our his. 'He/She said he/she wanted to paint it blue. it to paint wanted he/she said 'He/She for a year.a for all day.all (that) said They past perfect continuous perfect past continuous perfect past (that) said She sister her (that) said She She said (that) (that) said She ple sim perfect past He said (that) (that) Hesaid (that) saidHe ple sim perfect past continuous past ple sim past which w ho ho w usually change to to change usually bicycle isthis? bicycle w hich hich w live in throw stones.glass houses shouldn’t ,ge w hy hy w it. my brother my brother megave was really exciting. where where when when he had been learning learning been had he alking w been had he she is so annoyed. sois she The book that my brother gave me is me gave brother my that Thebook she had cooked cooked had she h a ii g ritin w was she reported speech reported they had gone gone had they example he travelled a lot.a travelled he my mother was born. was mother my the. was was a ballet dancer, ballet a for awalk. for to her boyfriend, her to the dinner. the in the forest forest the in English form Reported questions have the same word order as statements. as order word same the have questions Reported form form Indirect questions do not have the question word order and the auxiliary do auxiliary the and order word question the have not do questions Indirect form use To make questions sound more polite and formal. and polite more sound questions To make use Note Note tomorrow.’ ‘I’ll tomorrow tomorrow ‘I’ll ‘I’ll may ‘I can ‘I today today now here ‘You yesterday yesterday ago (night) last this (morning) this next (Wednesday) (Wednesday) next (week) next How did you you did How ant w you Do W hat hat W hy W How How offer to help my grandmother grandmother my help to offer room.’ your tidy you help m ust ust m do you turn the on?computer did you go to town? to go you did run very fast.’ very run Indirect questions begin with expressions like: expressions with begin questions Indirect time are you leaving? you are time go out this evening.’ this out go For w/i-questions, the question words words question the w/i-questions, For For (e.g. verbs Reporting hs, how) whose, is not used. There is no tense change in indirect questions, questions, indirect in change tense nois There used. not is Could you tell me...? Would you mind telling me...? Do you know...? Do you me...? telling mind Would you me...? tell Could you direct question direct d irect question irect d d irect speech irect d direct speech direct tidy your room.’ your tidy yes/no to go swimming? swimming? go to REPORTED SPEECH: ADVERBS OF TIME AND PLACE AND TIME OF ADVERBS SPEECH: REPORTED make the cake? the make questions, the reported questions begin with with begin questions reported the questions, are repeated in the reported question. reported inthe repeated are REPORTED SPEECH: MODAL VERBS MODAL SPEECH: REPORTED asked) REPORTED QUESTIONS REPORTED RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR INDIRECT QUESTIONS INDIRECT are used. are there grandmother the following day. following the grandmother she that said She she (that) said She He said (that) he (that) said He that day that (night) previous before/the (night) the day following day/the next the moment that then/at She told him that he himthat told She the following (week)/the (week) after (that) after (week) (week)/the following the day previous before/the day the He said that he that Hesaid that (morning) that (Wednesday) following the before/previously He asked her her asked He W ould you m ind telling me w hy hy w me telling ind m you ould W I asked him I asked Could you tell me w hat hat w me tell you Could how ask I Could wo wih we, hr, h, whom, why, where, when, which, (who, how he had made made had he how if she wanted wanted she if reported question reported w ould ould w reported speech reported reported speech reported indirect question indirect w ould ould w m ight ight m you turn the computer on? computer the turn you could could m ust ust m offer to help his help to offer help her tidy her room. her tidy her help go out that evening. that out go time you are leaving? are you time run very fast. very run tidy his room.his tidy if/whether. to go swimming. swimming. go to the cake. the you went you went to town? 185 PE IX D APPEN 186 RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR APPENDIX we want to check if something is true. if something check to want we Q uestion tags tags uestion Q Note: Note: sure, we can check by adding a question tag. question a byadding check can we sure, not are if we but statement regular ais This risk, suggest risk, practise, mention, imagine, feel like, finish, give up, give finish, like,feel gerund osdr ilk, enjpy, dislike, consider, mind?, doyou help, can’t deny,avoid admit, you. I enjoy Ienjoy you. Swim m ing ing m Swim phrases followed by aby followed phrases and verbs Common while/as in case case in once once after as soon as as soon as before before when by by until/by the tim e e tim the until/by (-ing form used as noun) as used form (-ing = not later thanlater not = or a gerund gerund a or The verbs marked * can be followed by either an infinitive without to without infinitive an either by be followed can * marked verbs The - later than later - = after after = = at the time =the at -ing = earlier than =earlier tim e expression e tim = because (condition) because = gerund form: is good for for good is wmming. m swim = immediately after after immediately = often follow sentences in speech and informal writing. We use them when when them use We writing. informal and speech in sentences follow often -ing use = up to the upto = time when time form , , form but there may be a change in meaning. in change abe may there but GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS pretend, promise, refuse, promise, pretend, start*, swear, try* want wish want try* swear, start*, seem, remember*, regret*, ought, prefer*, prepare, prefer*, ought, нке learn, , іпюпа manage, mean, offer,mean, manage, hope, hesitate, help, hate*, expect, fail, forget, happen, forget, fail, expect, decide, continue, consent choose, care, stand*, can’t begin*, attempt, ask, ge,apa, arrange, appear, agree, to: with infinitive phrases followed by anby followed phrases and verbs Common evening. I w ant to watch watch to ant w QUESTION TAGS QUESTION I will take my umbrella umbrella my take Iwill Once I Once He rang He As soon as as soon As I I Let me know know me Let I hurts voice My stay must You By the tim e e tim the By saw him saw will ring you ring will must get to the bank bank the to get must TIME CLAUSES TIME infinitive with with have decided where have decided to where go, ie I hile w as I as to afford, TV this TV dinner is cooked, we will eat! will we cooked, is dinner he arrives, the boat will have left. have will boat the arrives, he , by by after after aren’t we? aren’t afternoon, this tennis playing are We left the office. the left until until hn I when love , love was watching television. watching was Sunday if you can come. can if you Sunday Mark has left. has Mark the President gets here. gets President the example before before in case case in speak. rather would will, shall, must, can, could, may, might,may, could, can, to: without infinitive tennis. phrases followed by anby followed phrases and verbs Common I example w ould rather play rather ould w itcloses. it rains.it I will will book my holiday. without without infinitive to The meaning of a question tag is: ‘Is it true?’ ‘Do you agree?’ ‘Do you ittrue?’ ‘Is is: tag question a of meaning The But: But: we make an ordinary question. It consists of of It consists question. ordinary an make we way same inthe tag question the make We When the main sentence is negative, the negative, is sentence main the When is tag question the positive, is sentence main the But when pronoun. +a auxiliary an question tag is positive. is tag question negative. sentence, we repeat it in the question tag. question inthe it repeat we sentence, If there is only the verb be in the main inthe be verb the only is If there must, should, will, would, etc.) would, will, should, must, sentence, we repeat it in the question tag. question inthe it repeat we sentence, verb auxiliary modal ais If there question tag. question the init repeat we sentence, main the If there is an auxiliary verb verb auxiliary anis If there sentence, we use we sentence, If there is no auxiliary verb in the main inthe verb auxiliary no is If there The question tag for for tag question The I’m very late, aren’t I? aren’t late,very I’m form do use use in the question tag. question inthe Lm b, ae do) have,(be, is in the main the in RMA REFERENCE GRAMMAR aren’t I? aren’t (can, could, (can, in She is very nice, isvery She You don’t know the answer, the know Youdon’t You can’t understand me, understand Youcan’t Mrs Green wasn’t at home, at wasn’t Green Mrs day,nice aIt is You won’t tell anyone, anyone, tell Youwon’t here, be should They You haven’t seen Jack, seen haven’t You us, help could Peter She is doing well, isdoing She Your mum doesn’t speak German, speak doesn’t mum Your You play the piano, the play You she? does It was raining, It was Tim gave you this book, this you gave Tim tickets, the lose didn’t She example example example w asn’t it? asn’t w isn ’t it? ’t isn isn ’t she? ’t isn isn ’t she? ’t isn don’t you? don’t couldn’t he? couldn’t sh ouldn’t they? ouldn’t sh w ill you? ill w have you? have d id n ’t he? ’t n id d can you? can did she? did was she? was do you? do 187 PE IX D APPEN 188 TAPES C Rl PTS APPENDIX from receiving viruses. Sometimes he installs different programs and sometimes works asa printers.He can easily fix them, too. All his colleagues respect him for his professionalism. programmer. He develops different programs,computers. necessary He is responsible for the for theeffective safety of workalldocuments of the andcorporation. files. He prevents the system dangerous. allteam.work aas profession The a ofjournalist exciting,is though sometimes maybe the society about events. He also meets people and takes their interviews. i wr i well-paid, interesting is very workHis responsible. and 1,200 oversees of He work the newspaper.Now he visits differentcreative events andperson.meetings After in he order graduated to write articles fromand theinform university, he was offered a vacancy in the local atdifferent seminars, workshops, conferences and what not. There shelearns about new knowledge in practice. lawsand rules in the field. She listens toreports and discusses the ways of applyingfresh professional accountant should always get additional education. So my mum is often present for over 20 years. At this particular company she has already been working for 10 years. She is a professional accountant with a broad work experience. and sister, and I know they think he was always quite bossy. Actually they still think he is. not manipulative. affectionate, that’s the most hard-working personI know, andI’d say she’s charming but she’s most of what the psychologist says is true for me. becauseI’m not very imaginative.butI I’mam quiteprobably responsible not veryand organised good at though, seeingso probably things from other people’s point of view.Maybe that’s only problem is you can’tthat it’splay outdoors,when it and rains. I play doubles with three friends.It’s less competitive and more fun. The The problem with squash is that it’s pretty hard and aggressive. The great thing about tennis is I ever failed at school.used to be rude to us and he didn’t explain things well.I failed Frenchtouch — afterit wasuniversity. the onlyI’d subject love to see her again. We used to be really good friends. Frenchteacher. He was really horrible. Idon’t think he liked children or even teaching. He eachother — emaildidn’t exist then. Iwent tostay withher acouple of times,too. We lost 16 she moved because of her father’s job, but we kept in touch. We used to write long letters to Maxknows alot aboutoffice equipment likecomputers, scanners, Xerox machines and C C The chief Editor is satisfied with my father’s work.His colleagues are very educated. They She often gathers financial reports and watches if everything is in proper order. В A Ittook her fiveyears togethigher education atthe university. Butmy mum says that a My dad is an oldest child and I think it’s true that he is much more responsible that his brother Erother — people myinfamily —well my wifeisyoungest a child. I thinkshe’s quite I’m an only child.I don’t think I was spoilt, maybe I was. I don’t consider myself to be selfish, I used to play a lot of squash, but Irecently startedplaying tennis andnow Imuch prefer it. I used to hate a couple of teachers at school, but I suppose the one I hated the most was my Iused to have a friend calledRosa. We were together at secondary school. When we were My brother Max is a system administrator. He works in a well-known computer corpo-ration. My father is a journalist. He chose this creative profession because he was, of course, a My mother is an accountant in a pharmaceutical company. She has been an accountant aecit(nt1 hc orSil, . 18) p. Skills, Your Check 1. (Unit Tapescript Tapescript (Unit 2. Listening, p. 26) p. Listening, 2. (Unit Tapescript aecit(nt1 itnn, . 10) p. Listening, 1. (Unit Tapescript for the summer job is to be in an English-speaking environment for the campssummer. this summer. sessions. about school. I’m not very good at sitting in a classroom for long, so I like toproblem get out communicating for training with the English-speaking visitors. A major reason why I am applying three children (aged drama group and I was recently in charge of organising a performance for parents. wouldgive me further experiencein organising and hopefully improve my English — andit sounds fun. the age of 5 andstart secondary education when they are11 or12. Compulsory secondary when they are educationlasts five years. Traditionally secondary schoolsare divided into five years called ‘forms’ (from 1 to5). Unlike Ukrainian schoolchildren, English pupils go to the1st form only they take at the age of 16.Many their exam people subjects decideand prepareto leave for schooltheir General at theCertificate age of of16, Secondary and theyEducation can which typing, hairdressing, engineering. Most British children get their secondary education at comprehensive schools. go to a Further Educational College, where they choose more practical courses, for example, ‘A’ stands for 'Advanced'.Good ‘A’ Levelresults in tow or five subjects are necessary to get a teach pupils aged 13 to 19 years old are called ‘public’. place at one of British universities. Among public schools there are boys’ schools, girls’ school and mixed schools. Themost areexpensive. Private schools are sometimes prefercalled private‘independent’ educationand forthose theirones, kids.whichNo more than5 per cent attendprivate schools. They famousBritish public schoolsinclude Harrow, Winchester andEton which date back to the countryshould have equal opportunities at thestart andgo to ausual British comprehensiveschool. 15th century. I’mwriting in response toyour advertisement Dear for youngMspeople Wright,to work at your summer As for sport,Iplay handball in the school team. In fact, thisis one of the thingsI like best I’m16 at themoment but willbe 17 on I’mafraid I have no experiencein organising games,but I’m the secretary of the school’s havesome experience inworking with young people. I oftenI baby-sit myneighbours’ Yours sincerely, wouldverymuch appreciate the chance to work Iatone of yourcamps this summer. It Iryna Fedirko At the age of 16 they may either leave school or continue their education in the sixth form. Primary education takes place in infant schools and junior schools. Children go to school at At theage of 14 or15 in the 3rdor 4th formof secondary school,pupils begin tochoose Pupils who stay on into the Secondaryeducation available is all childrento Britain. in Nevertheless some parents Ina lot of publicschools children live as wellas study, they are called boarding schools. Many peoplein Britain are againstpublic schools. Theybelieve that allchildren in the 11 or 12 7,9 . Tapescript (Unit 2. Check Your Skills, p. 34) p. Skills, Your Check 2. (Unit Tapescript and Tapescript (Unit 3. Listening, p. 42) p. Listening, 3. (Unit Tapescript 11 6 ). I find it great fun; they are so open and direct at that age. th form, lasting 2 years more, prepare for their ‘A’ Level Exams. 6 June. As for my knowledge of English,I have no TAPES C Rl PTS 189 PN IX PPEND A 190 T A P E S C R I P T S APPENDIX cooks. going to open a restaurant here? several English dishes as well. expensive to do that in England. seconds. Toss the pancakes once. Cook for another 45 seconds. Serve with a little sugar and lots of lemon juice. That’s it. Have a nice Tuesdaypan.Heat andthe pan.enjoyIt mustyour bepancakes! very hot.Pour in two tablespoons of mixture.Cook for about 45 Thisis my recipe.It’s very easy andvery good. place.I think I'll run away and join the army or something. ever get there. have to get down to some serious work again pretty soon. but haven’t had time for. goodness it’s all over though. We can forget about it Interviewer: George: Interviewer: George: Interviewer: George: Interviewer: That’sall. Let's make the pancakes... George: Mix the flour and the egg with a fork. Slowly mix in the milk and the oil.Put a little oil insome the sugar andtwo lemons. alittle oil for fryingthe pancakes; 2 You’llneed: 300ml of milk; anegg; Goodmorning. Today is Shrove Tuesday,and I’m going yes, to talk pancakes. about... Pete: 150 grams of flour; Mike: Pete: Mike: Pete: Mike: Pete: Mike:Yes. Pete: Mike: Pete: Mike: tablespoonsof oil; And you’re too serious; that’s yourtrouble. You’re always with your nose in the books. AndI can’t standit. I don’t know why I decided to try to go to the university in the first Well, I like reading. That’s the trouble with you. You always try to do everything at the last minute. What!... Well, it’s up to you. I’m not going to open another book for months. I’ve got to get through the A level exams first.I’ll worry about university if and whenI Maybe they were easy enough for you but they were much too hard for me. Well... I’ll take a day or two off perhaps.But if I’mgoing to university inOctober, I’ll Oh, come on. You’ve probably done better thanWhat youdid think.you think of the exams, Pete? I think they were dead easy. No,I’m certain I’ve failedin Latin, and most likely inFrench andHistory, too. Thank No, he’s Argentinian — but I’ve taught him to make some English dishes. Yes, they were — very!I think people don’t usually expect the English to be good Mainly internationaldishes like pasta. Steak and fries,risotto — but we alsodo ’ alwaysI’d restaurant have wanted my own to have would been and it very Now I can get on with reading all the books I’ve been wanting to read for months, What kind of food do you serve? Is your chef English? Were Argentinian people surprised when they heard that an English chef was George, why did you decide to open a restaurant in Argentina? Tapescript (Unit 4. Check yo ur skills, p. 71) p. skills, ur yo Check 4. (Unit Tapescript Tapescript (Unit 3. Check Your Skills, p. 52) p. Skills, Your Check 3. (Unit Tapescript Tapescript (Unit 4. Listening, p. 61) p. Listening, 4. (Unit Tapescript now—at least until the results come out. thenhavewe lotEnglishof a desserts lunchtime,at example,for trifle—that’s typical a afternoon— tea with cakes and sandwiches. whichis a wonderfulEnglish blue cheese.It’s not as famous as some of the French cheeses very sweet tooth. Englishdessert made with fruit andcake and cream. Andwe do proper English teas in the like Roquefort but I think it should be. You should try it! abit of advicereally. these days,but I’mcompletely lost. Ithink I should get connected,but I don’t knowhow to set about it.Can you explain, clearly andslowly, what exactly theInternet Mike: is? operatesglobally. Youcan access information easily andimmediately ondifferent andread messages withit. You can systems.access otherYou computers.can send messages Thelist isinstantly verylong, onandemail, that’s electronicmail. You can send new thingsare happening all the time. Christina: themodem is important. Youwant one that works fast. Andyou want one that can Professionalsand individuals who want todo any kindof research. compress files. Andget a faxmodem if you want tosend faxesby computer. themcarefully before youget connected.Find a service provider near you.If theservice Mac or PC,or anycomputer witha hard disc. Andthen you need amodem. The speedof serviceprovider. There is oftena differencein theprice of serviceproviders, so check provider isnot near, you phone bill for long-distancecalling willbe very high. Interviewer: George: Interviewer: Interviewer: George: Interviewer: George: Mike: George: Mike: Christina: Christina: Mike: Mike: Christina: Mike: Christina: Christina: Mike: Mike: Mike: Christina: Mike: Christina: Christina: Well,Christie, you know allabout theinformation superhighway. Ihear alot about it Yes,things areokay. But look. I’m calling to ask youa favour.Well, to ask you for Hi,Christina. How are you? Whouses theInternet, mostly? So,what doI need to do toget connected? A dialler?What’s that? Right. A modem. Yousaid four things.What elsedo I need? What doIneed to know about software? What is that? Isee. Andthen Isuppose I need email? Yes,of course.Basically, it's anetwork of communicationand information, it Well, we’re open in the morning,and we serve traditionalEnglish breakfast, and Welcome to the restaurant! The thingI miss most living in Argentina is English cheese.I really miss Stilton — Yes,especially thedesserts and cakes. Ithink people here in Argentinahave a OK.What did youwant toknow? Hello,Mike. I’m fine. And you? Anyone wantinginformation. Anyone whoneeds tocommunicate. Well, first youneed some equipment.You need four things:a computer... a Softwareand a service provider. Youusually get thesoftware fromthe Thebasic Internet softwarekit shouldconsist of adialler. Yes,email is absolutely essential. And youprobably alsoneed Gopher. Itis a programme toget youlogged in, or connected,with your provider. What kind of English dishes do you have on your menu? And finally is there any English food that you really miss here? Arethe English dishes popular? I’ll try! Thank you for the interview. Tapescript (Unit 5. Listening, p. 79) p. Listening, 5. (Unit Tapescript TAPES C Rl PTS 191 PNDIX D PPEN A TAPES C RI PTS 192 APPENDIX will will be able to use it and with confidence, there’s no doubt that it is resource.an incredible Wikipedia is Wikipedia hard working to make sure that its is information so accurate, completely students encyclopaedia totally beisonline the wiki not best-known the may Perhaps them.use refuse to Information academics the some — accurate though students, for opinion and information of source students and students staff free space on a server to start their own blogs. educational For results. million 500 over get you’ll and Google into 'blog' type — popular or canthoughts, opinions. create their Anyone own ‘blog’ isextremely and blogging becoming and 'wikis’. wait until the teacher tells them it isthem tells safe at out.until the to go same should time teacher come wait the The teacher the When wait. and towns other to move and homes their leave to had there people The Florida.hit Andrew’ 1992,‘Hurricane In hour. 160per km over — faster and faster goes and again. homes leave their hadto of people higher,and thousands and higher rose rivers and canals beI cana is’. Know sites ‘wiki’ valuable 'What stands — These for creation a group becomes places to work together and share information and ideas. Some universities even give their their give even universities Some ideas. and information sites: share andstudy together online work to places personal as blogs create students and teachers, academics, purposes, are ‘blogs’ more significant andmore Two are becoming onareas which education. influence onodsfwr rmohrcmueswt FTP.with computers other from software download Gopher, or one of the other programmes for searching. Then there’s FTP. Youcanthere’s Then searching. for programmes other the of one or Gopher, nml i te ra id eas tee ant nuh ae. epe a t wl many walk to had People water. enough wasn’t there because died area the in animals half of nearly the and people of of thousands Hundreds rainsix years. for any receive didnot seaand the direction changed The winds in1974 in Sahel, WestAfrica. 1968 the to between people had nowhere to live. More 50,000 than of buildings. it15 thousands people killed destroyed and arrived, hurricane leveluntilof of went They floods. the andto fell because the towns water other danger waited but inJanuary *1995, problem, in the The water more two for than weeks. andrained it rained isUsually, no there by strong. sure that are sea the walls the make very to have people there immediately to the teacher’s desk, get underneath it and stay there till the danger is over.is danger the till there stay must Students not andargue itwith the or teacher instructions. question underneath get desk, teacher’s the to immediately to kilometers find water. Christina: The word ‘blob’ is short for ‘Weblog’. A blog is an online diary or ‘log’ of someone’s life, someone’s of ‘log’ or diary online an is blog A ‘Weblog’. for short is ‘blob’ word The more much have to beginning now is technology information Internet, the of rise the With As soon as the earthquake starts, students should get under the desks immediately and immediately desks the under get should students starts, earthquake the as soon As As soon as the vibration stops, all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to go straight and exit the walk towards should all students stops, as vibration soon the As inrises aspiral air Warm wet the sea. come from that winds strong very are Hurricanes 2 site the that so changes, make and content add can anyone where websites are 'Wikis’ 3 Sometimes in desert climate, it does not rain for a very long time. This happened happened This time. long very a for rain not does it climate, desert in Sometimes 3 Mike: Mike: 1 The Netherlands is very flat and part of the country is below the level of the sea. The sea. the of level the below is country the of part and flat very is Netherlands The 1 Christina: So, all I have to do now is to find a service provider? service a isfind to now do to have Iall So, You’re getting a bit complicated for me! for complicated bit a getting You’re Hah,., hah ... hah! You’ll soon get the idea. the get You’llsoon hah! ... hah Hah,., It is a programme which searches out information on the net. You can get get Younet.can the on information out searches which programme aisIt Wikipedia Tapescript (Unit 5. Check Your Skills, p. 90) p. Skills, Your Check 5. (Unit Tapescript which has more than 1 million entries in over 100 languages. languages. 100 over in entries million 1 than more has which Tapescript 1 (Unit (Unit 1 Tapescript Tapescript 2 (Unit (Unit 2 Tapescript 6 6 . Listening, p. 99) p. Listening, . . Listening, p. 99) p. Listening, . і street, as the lines are shorter! offering stalls several are There document. other any or passport or card credit a leave to when you have plenty of energy. Then have some lunch at one of priced cates, the reasonably them, visiting morning spend the and you,to interesting most the sound that galleries for the the world come to help the regions where the catastrophe has happened. Different countries countries Different happened. has catastrophe the where regions help the come to the world names names (for Denon) example, and the audio are guides at the entrance to ‘wings’ witheach into wing. isorganised Louvre The back. passport or card credit your get to one same one needyou got so audio it which to remember you guides, as returnit must from, you to the Photography, surprisingly, andisgood postcards, books, souvenirs. permitted. guides, The map. your at looking without surprises finding and relaxing afternoon the spend and may have use run to you done though toplan that, you’ve the look When to avoid the crowds! is so thing to recognise it’sdon’t that try. huge and you hope can’t into see everything a day— beauty beauty of any or museum isgallery personal discovery. main the highlights it and ticket entrance your with museum the such as attractions, the Mona Lisa. of map handy a Get Earth. the and to our planet— send to as nurses,area supplies, the of food asmedical and natural disaster well the doctors, and and Naturallandslides make tidal fires. big waves, disasters andproblems allpeople over hurricanes Netherlands, in in floods andAfrica, famines sandstorms droughts, like disasters ourselves. activities. asas or andmove away possible fences — quickly walls try to find alargeto space open wait blankets, tents blankets, tents and clothes. typhoons Italy, Mexico,Armenia, inJapan, Turkey, earthquakes and volcanoes USA, inthe in. under could trees Standing also be dangerous. asacut bepower may a lift not use the — there should and stairs the down walk You should nwee erte idw ad o’ g ot no h bloy Oc te hkn have shaking the Once balcony. the onto out go you canstopped, come out don’t under from the table but and must you leave away.the straight building windows the near anywhere the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there there wait must They park. a or square aas such space open any or playground school the result result of and you the could earthquake find inside trapped yourself the lift for hours. not youcan go find.You must table strongest and biggest the Choose kitchen. or room living not as a result of itself but the earthquake from people panicking. until it the tells them isteacher safe to go. you Whatever do,occur panic: don’t most accidents You ancan borrow audio guide for isfee, which usefulvery and money.worth the Youhave Have Have a visit! wonderful really selling shops several and allfloors, on located toilets are there note, practical aOn — it first see to be would tip my but Lisa, Mona the see not and Louvre the visit You can first The start. to where know to need you but experience, isaspecial Louvre the Visiting Finally, the easiest way to enter the Louvre is via the Metro entrance, rather thefrom than rather Metro entrance, is via the Louvre the enter to way Finally, easiest the natural extent some to provoking nature, with do we what careful very be to have We our from suffering of inis danger planet our Earthand — the dominate now humans, We, Natural catastrophes, being great tragedies, teach us to be merciful to the other people other the to merciful be to us teach tragedies, great being catastrophes, Natural But from time to time the Earth threatens us, warns of the danger of killing the planet and planet the killing of danger the of us,warns Earth threatens the time to time But from If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place, do not stand near buildings, buildings, near stand not do place, takes earthquake the when street the in are you If If you are at home when the earthquake occurs, get immediately under the table in the in table the under immediately get occurs, earthquake the when home at are you If Tapescript (Unit (Unit Tapescript aecit(nt7 itnn, . 118) p. Listening, 7. (Unit Tapescript 6 hc orSil,p 109) p. Skills, Your Check . TAPES C Rl PTS 193 PNDIX D PPEN A TAPE 194 APPENDIX richest museums,a treasure-house of the finest works of outstanding Ukrainian artists of the aos kana artistssuchfamousShevchenko, as Ukrainian Murashko, Vasilkovskyi and Pymonenko arrangedin containone richestof the collections of finearts from 15th the century. Thiscollection is which are on display there. The oldest exhibit displayed in the museum is the wooden relief of 19th and the beginning of the effective. icons of the16th-18th centuries.‘St George In another withScenes hall from Hiswe Life’ canproduced find thein century. largest the13th Visitors collection can seeof many Ukrainian portraitartand folkart. To my mind, portraits the Cossackof commanders areextremely Sternberg, Sokolov and otherfamous painters. delegations from many cities and villages of our country.painters,I think suchpeople as should Melikov, visit museums Yablonska and others. enriches our inner world andlike cultivatesthis, because love artfor playspeople an and important nature. role in upbringing our emotions, tastes and feelings, it sports. Would you mind answering a few questions? which sport in isАтегісй the most popular? our national sport. But football, too, is extremely popular and attracts crowds of spectators. theCivil War. Baseball ismainly aprofessional sport. In other words,the players receive a the winner of one leagueplays the winner of the other. We call this contest the World Series,salary. There are sixteen major teams and each one represents an American city. though it’s a national competition. national champion. professional.There norigid is national organisation and no definite waydetermine to the teams. eightyorninety thousand people toattend game.a Besides,schools havethere built arehuge some stadiums professional totake care of the spectators. It’snot atallunusual for h KyivTheState Museum Ukrainian of Artwasopened 1936. in numerous Its galleries I want to tell youabout my last visit to theMuseum of Ukrainian Art inKyiv. It is one of the n xesv at olcin f h 1t cnuy nlds h wrs f Shevchenko, of century works includes 19th the the collection extensive of art An The museumhas severalrooms with alarge number of paintings made by contemporary ah er h Msu o Ukrainian Museum numerous foreign visited visitors and by ofEach the is year Art Reporter: Reporter: Brown: Brown: Reporter: Brown: Brown: Reporter: Brown: Reporter: Brown: Reporter: Reporter: 5 Sure. I’ll be only too glad to help you. But I’m no expert, remember. That’s difficult to say. It depends on your meaning of C RI PTS Sure.Let’s start with baseball. This typical American game dates back long before No, they don’t. There are two leagues of eight teams each and in the fall of the year, No.The major footballteams belong to thecolleges or universitiesand are non Byno means. The college teams attract thegeneral public. Nearly allthe major 21 Would you give me a few basic facts about these two? s I understand,As American sports are in many ways different from European Don’t worry about that.My questions are only very generalones. For example, Do all sixteen teams play each other? Does football have a world series? And in what way does your football differ from European football? Do only students attend these college games? halls. I was deeply impressed bynumerous works of classicalpainters and aecit(nt7 hc orSil,p 132) p. Skills, Your Check 7. (Unit Tapescript Tapescript (Unit (Unit Tapescript 20 th century. Sportsin theUSA 8 itnn,p 140) p. Listening, . popular. We consider baseball the highest awards in the Olympiad in Athens. the will to win. weight world champions, whose achievements have made them an example of courage and leading Olympic countries. Olympic Games in Athens in 2004, winning the goldsilver medal.medal in Sydney in the year 2000. footballcareer at DynamoKyiv and after hisplaying for several foreign teamscame back to 180 gold medals. Man world championships. championGymnast Valery Honcharov wonthe gold medal at theOlympics in Athensand a championships in calisthenics. Andrii Shevchenko, Ukrainian a soccer player, started his Dynamo again. At the17th Winter Games inLillehammer, young figure skater OksanaBaiul went downinto aeya eerasa rvd hmevs s inr a wrd n European and world at winners as themselves proved SerebrianskaKateryna Honcharov won bronze medals Ukraine. medalOlympic Hrushyna Olena history, Ruslan gold for 1st and winningat the the last world championship in figure-skating. important step in the ‘Shakhtar’all Donetsk of in development first is ‘Dnipro’arena. and It Dnipropetrovsk. from of furtherfootballA willcorrect be theto mentionEuropean only championshipone thatteam started 2012.— its therehistory are in1924. a However,number of whileserious speaking representatives of Ukrainian on football footballit would not be Ukraine.The lion’s share of successin thiskind of sports belongs to the club‘Dynamo’ Kyiv “soccer” in the United States. usingtheir feetand hands. And havewe speciala name Europeanfor football. It’scalled Theseresults sayinfavour Ukraine of thecountry,— which ranks withthe world’s 20 TheOlympic victoriesof Ukrainianathletes are quite impressive: 400 trophies,including Wrestling is a well-developed sport inUkraine, too.Elbrus Tadeiev andIryna Merleni won VasylVirastiuk holds the titleof theStrongest Man on Earth. He has wonYuriiseveral Bilonoh, Strong a Ukrainian athlete, showed excellent results in the shot-putting event at the One cannot help mentioning the legendary Klychko brothers, Vitalii and Volodymyr, heavy TheGold Fish of Ukraineis YanaKlochkova, the Olympic championand four-time world Many Ukrainian athletes arewell known throughout theworld now. Lilia Podkopaieva, In1994 Independent Ukraine sent its national team to the Olympic Games for the first time. Perhapsfootballis it(soccer) which can considered be most the as popular game in Brown: Reporter: Brown: You’re more than welcome. I was only too glad to help you. Inmany ways.Our footballis much slower.Football players play with an ovalball, You've given me a very good overall picture. I really do thank you. Tapescript (Unit (Unit Tapescript 8 . Check Your Skills, p. 150) p. Skills, Your Check . TAPES C RI PTS PNDIX D PPEN A PHRASAL VERBS PHRASAL 196 APPENDIX add up add back up back break down break up blow bring up bring in(to) break call back call up build aloff o call calm down calm catch up (with) up catch on carry charge up charge clear up clear cheer up cheer come across come come on come ) (from back come come out come to find totalof tomake a copy of the to stopworking to explode to takecare of achild until he to enter illegally informationon a computer toincrease or shebecomes an adult (for amachine, etc.) programmeor disk toring again on thephone tocancel tobecome/make calmer to continue toreach the same toput electricity intoa piece totidy tobecome/make happier of equipment point/levelas to findsomething by chance toreturn (from) tobe published tobe quicker A house in Brecon Place Brecon in house A total. blow up. blow data. important up your to back forget Don’t what I’d bought and told me told and bought I’d what motorway. didn’t bomb the Luckily, The shop assistant added up added assistant shop The on her own.her on you’re not so busy. so not you’re building up leg strength. up leg building She brought up three sons three up brought She was the on down broke Our car I’ll call you back later when later back you call I’ll off because of weather.the of because off These exercises are good for good are exercises These had happened. had what explained and down — — The concert has been called been has Theconcert to catch up.catch to hard it find to going he’s that school much so missed He’s carried on watching TV. watching on carried The woman finally calmed finally Thewoman My mobile phone isn’t working isn’t phone mobile My sun came out. came sun the when up1 cheer to started The phone rang, but Mark Mark but just rang, Thephone never seen before. seen never bed. to go to want if you up clear I’ll 1 came across a word I’d 1word a across came come back from Greece. from back come come out? come late! be we’ll or on, Come when you call a me Give When does her new book new her does When 1 need to charge it up. 1it charge to need broken into last night.last into broken get over get get out (of) out get get on(to) get (with) on get e ff o get get in(to) get e wywith w away get out find fill up fill fill in fill fall out (with) out fall eat out eat drop out drop drop in drop do up do u ff o cut u ff o cut cut down (on) down cut cross out cross torecover from toleave a ca r/bui Id і ng/room/etc. (anillness, etc.) to enter abus/train/etc. tohave a good relationship toleave abus/train/etc. (with) toenter acar to escapepunishment for to discoverinformation, etc completely full tomake something spaceson a form, etc. toadd information in the friends tohave an argument with someoneand stop botng totrip and fall to eat at arestaurant to quit aclass, school, etc. appointment tocome without an of clothing tobutton/zip up apiece tocompletely remove bycutting electricity,etc.) to disconnect(phone, todo less of something (smoking,etc.) somethingwritten todraw a line through PHRASAL VERBS PHRASAL you get on the bus.the on get you an illness like that. like illness an It can take weeks to get over to get weeks take can It Quick! Get out of car! the of out Get Quick! everybody. opposite the supermarket. the opposite getting into the car. the into getting She seems to get on with on get to seems She You can buy a ticket when ticket a Youbuy can 11 as head my was hurt about this. about the law and got away with it.with away got and the law 1 don’t want Jerry to find out find 1to Jerry want don’t sugar and put it on the table.the on it put and sugar with up bowl this fill Just application this in fill Just You need to get off bus the off to get You need form, please. form, They have repeatedly broken repeatedly They have Have you two fallen out? fallen two you Have 1 fell down and hurt my knee. 1my hurt and down fell tonight? out eat because it was too difficult. too was it because 1 dropped out of 1Science of out dropped week. this time I some 1tea for in drop might coat up.coat Would you like to stay or in stay to like Would you It’s very windy, so do your windy, so very It’s flowers. dead any off cutting Keep your roses healthy by healthy roses Keep your cut us off. us cut might they or tomorrow bill electricity the Pay amount of sugar 1 sugar of amount eat. correctly. it Just across it out and rewrite and out it across Just I’m trying to cut down on the on down cut to trying I’m X 197 PN IX PPEND A PHRASAL VERBS PHRASAL 198 APPENDIX get up get give back give away give ao awav ao up give go on go ff o go go back (to) back go go on go go out go ootwith w out go grow up grow akit • into hack oi in in jo hang up hang on hang ag up hang have on have hurry up hurry toleave your bed toreturn something you’ve toget somethingfree of taken/borrowed to stopdoing something you charge toreturn (to) doregularly toleave a place/someone tocontinue happening or tono longer be fresh tohappen doingsomething to stopburning tobe theboyfriend/girlfriend tobecome older (for children) toget into someone else’s computer system without at informationor do toput clothesin a wardrobe, to wait somethingillegal permissionin order tolook toput thereceiver downto enda phone call etc. to wear (apiece of clothing) toparticipate, take part to dosomething more quickly because you’ve had them for them had you’ve because cinema! the at tickets nine. before up gets never He two weeks. two and leave me alone? me leave and back CDs my give you Could They’re giving away free away giving They’re Please go on with your work with your on go Please off? gone milk this Has Italy.to 1back to go wait can’t teacher. this town in the evening. the in town this 1while head the to speak away go you Why just don’t up smoking. give Youshould during the night. the during he was growing up. growing was he while father his saw rarely He Katy.with out to go used Greg in on going much Thereisn’t The fire must have gone out gone have must Thefire computers at work and work at computers Just hang on hang Just data. important destroyed the into hacked Someone in a minute. a in coats and sat down. sat and coats goodbye! saying without up hung 1Jessica that believe can’t Ask them if play can if you them Ask on.hat so hurry up! hurry so The women hung up their up hung Thewomen I’m sure they’ll let you join in. you let join they’ll sure I’m strange a had Theman We haven’t got much time, much got Wehaven’t — — I'll be ready be I'll — p oint out oint p plug in plug pick up (email) up pick pick up pick pay back pay in ove m make up make look up look after look log off/out log o in/on(to) log o ff o log lie down lie let down let leave out leave e o tig in ething som key keep out keep ething) som keep on (doing on keep totell someone important information toconnect toan electricity supply to connect tothe Internet andaccess emails the floor,a table, etc. tolift somethingfrom toreturn money etc. tostart livingin a new house, (tosomeone) excuse,etc. toinvent anexplanation, to try to findinformation to take care of ina book, etc. to finishusing a computer system toconnect to the todisconnect fromthe Internet/awebsite tostart lying (on a bed, etc.) Internet/awebsite to disappoint tonot include computer usingakeyboard toput information into a toprevent fromentering tocontinue (doing something) PHRASAL VERBS PHRASAL plugged it in. it plugged dinner. two hours of free time before time free of hours two had we that out He pointed because you haven’t you because be able to pick up my emails my up to pick able be I'll take my laptop so 1so laptop my should take I'll away. them put and while I’m away. I’m while up toys those pick Please The computer isn’t working isn’t Thecomputer Did you pay Denise back? Denise pay Did you homework. about the dog eating his eating dog the about He made up some excuse some up made He in a dictionary.a in 1 had look the word up1word the look had day.all children three We’re moving in next week. next in We’removing your email. your checking finished you’ve It’s hard work looking after looking work It’shard Don’t forget to log off/out log to forget Don’t when you’ve finished. when you’ve on. log to Don’t forget to log off when off log to forget Don’t for a while. afor down lie and to go going I’m your friends. your — You need your password Youyour need Don't leave your brother out brother your leave Don't Key in your password. in your Key You’ve really let me down. me let You’vereally centre. city such a beautiful day. beautiful a such Let's keep on hiking... it's hiking... on keep Let's Cars should be kept out of the of out kept be should Cars let him play with you and withyou himplay let 199 PNDIX D PPEN A PHRASAL VERBS PHRASAL 200 APPENDIX save up (for) up save scroll up/down scroll up put out put on put down put back put put on put ff o put e ff o set edoff o send (of) out run rub out rub up rip out read put away put uloff o pull out print run away (from) away run tomake something stop to start wearing to stopholding to whereit was toreturn something to gain(weight) todelay toa later time to whereit belongs toreturn something tomake a paper copy of toput somethingon a wall whichyou are reading to saysomething out loud tobreak by pulling somethingon a computer toremove witharubber to tear intopieces (e.g.apicture) burning (apiece of clothing) tosave money tomove up/down a web tonot have any left toescape by running tostart a journey agame (e.g. football) tomake a player leave ona computer screen (for aspecific purpose) pageor other document photographs out for for you. out photographs more weight! more off tomorrow? until off upstairs. went and the fire out.fire the to put firefighters three took It on scarf and gloves your Put any 1on to put want don’t down bag her put Emma up. stood and away notebook the He put sunglasses by mistake. by sunglasses those meprint Let up about the new courses. new the about up withit? finished when you’ve back book the put Can you reading it. reading out. names of list the read He meeting the weput Can 1 pulled off the arm of my 1of arm the off pulled out of money.of out running are hospitals Many officers. police the electric guitar. electric 1 1because out it rub can’t of paper piece this up Rip in the morning. the in referee sent the player off. the player sent referee thepage. of top the to up Scroll for up saving I’m wrote it in pen. it wrote notice a will put Theteachers hnyuv iihd . finished when you’ve It we’re setting off early off setting we’re because to sleep Go The thief ran away from away ran Thethief wasa — — it’s cold outside. cold it’s very bad foul and the and foul bad very a new take up take take over take ff o take aeoff o take down take back take take away take wic/unoff o itch/turn sw on itch/turn sw speak up speak tn up stand up lit sp stay up stay sort out sort sit down sit shut up shut share out share set up set tostart (a hobby, sport, etc.) to takecontrol of toleave the ground toremove (abusiness, etc.) toremove (from ahigh place) toreturn something to the (apiece of clothing) toremove electricaldevice stop working to toucha switch to make an to toucha switch to make a placeit came from to(start to)stand toend arelationship start working to go tobed late someonecan hear you totalk more loudly so machineor electricaldevice solve aproblem to(start to)sit anoise tostop talking, stop making to start(a business, to agroup of people to givea part of something organisation,etc.) PHRASAL VERBS PHRASAL American company. American and it’s really interesting. really it’s and been taken over by an by over taken been I’ve taken up stamp collecting stamp up taken I’ve shoes off after a long day. long a after off shoes book down from a shelf.a from down book taking off while we wait.we while off taking the planes watch and go Let’s back. books away yet? away It felt good to finally take my take finally to good felt It I'm going to take my library my take to going I'm Have they taken the rubbish the taken they Have night. last off lights the off happened. nothing morning, the in computer my yourselves comfortable. yourselves because my gran’s a bit deaf.bit a gran’s my because mind eating standing up. standing eating mind the room please switch/turn please room the happened. accident the why out sort to The shopping centre has centre Theshopping large a took man Theold sad! very It’s up. Please, sit down and make and down sit Please, happened! what you tell me let and minute aup shut Just Investigators are still trying still are Investigators organisations. environmental Would the last person to leave to person the last Would on1When switch/turn to tried out between 30 different 30 between out o aetecar 1chair.the You have don’t split have Liz Tommyjust and We stayed up until two o’clock two until up Westayed a taxi company.taxi a You have to speak up a bit a up speak to You have My dad is going to set up set to going is dad My The money will be shared be will Themoney 201 PN IX PPEND A 202 PHRASAL VERBS PHRASAL APPENDIX w rite down rite w w ork out ork w out watch wake up wake wash up wash turn up turn turn over turn turn on turn unoff o turn turn down turn try on try throw away throw to write information information write to to a problem, etc. problem, a to solution the find to on a piece of paper of piece a on to be careful be to to wash plates, cups, plates, wash to cutlery, etc.cutlery, asleep being stop to to increase the volume of volume the increase to the so something turn to other side is towards you istowards side other to start a machine working machine a start to to stop a machine working machine a stop to to lower the volume of volume the lower to to see how it looks and if it if fits and looks it how see to clothing) of piece (a put on to to put something something put to in a rubbish bin rubbish ain my phone number? my phone papers now. papers Do you want to write down write to want Do you going. connection Internet the car! that hit to up. wash and ’clock! o hear it.hear 1cook to help can please? the CD up, so that wecould that so up,CD the please? We can’t work out how to get how out work Wecan’t Watch out Watch Wake up! It’s nearly ten nearly It’s up! Wake We asked out teacher turn to teacher out Weasked I’m trying to work.to trying I’m size. right the it’s You may turn over your exam your over turn You may Will you turn the television on, television the turn Will you away? Will you turn the television off, television the turn Will you the papers thrown you Have Turn the radio down Turnradio the You should try it on to see if see to on it try Youshould — you’re going you’re — abroad abroad acquaintance acquaintance ent achievem achieve ache to according accom m odation odation m accom accident access accept accept absorbing al abnorm addict addict film action acquire adjust adjust addiction advanced advanced advance adult ission adm affect affect advertising adventure alm ond ond alm alike aim aid afford affectionate lo allow along along make an acquaintance an make get along along get [eid] [eim] [eik] [a'laik] [a'laik] [’aedAlt] [a'lao] доступ одержати доступ, анормальний анормальний притулок притулок поглинальний поглинальний одержувати одержувати схильність; згубна звичка звичка згубна схильність; приміщення; пристосування; рівень) познайомитися познайомитися успіх рсооуаи регулювати пристосовувати; 1. [a'fekt] спроможним; дозволяти собі дозволяти спроможним; пристрасний ніжний; вищий прогресивний; [a’lDrj] вздовж [a'fo:d] [’aedikt] [a'd [ak'sept] [ak'sept] ['sekses] [a'broid] [a'kwaia] [a'kwaia] допомога допомога [a'tji:v] [a'tji:v] ['a:m3nd] n. [’aeksidant] [ad'vains] [ad'vains] прагнути; цілити(ся) цілити(ся) прагнути; біль 3 [a'dikjn] [a'dikjn] [aeb'noiml]ненормальний; знайомство; 2. знайомство; [asd'va:nst] [ab’soibig] [ad’ventja] [ad’ventja] Ast]упорядковувати; бойовик бойовик [ad'mijn] [ad'mijn] дозволяти дозволяти схожий, подібний схожий, ['aedvataizig] [a'fekjsnat] [a'fekjsnat] дорослий дорослий жити в злагоді, уживатися взлагоді, жити впливати відповідно до, згідно з згідно до, відповідно мати змогу, бутиматизмогу, [a'tjirvmsnt] [a'tjirvmsnt] [a’kweintans] наркоман наркоман досягати; добиватися добиватися досягати; за кордоном; за кордон за кордоном; за приймати приймати 1. набувати, здобувати; набувати, [a.kDma'deiJn] мигдаль залежність, залежність, n. просування уперед; просування A доступ; 2. доступ; доступ, вхід доступ, (нещасний) випадок випадок (нещасний) захоплюючий; пригода передовий; люблячий, люблячий, реклама реклама досягнення досягнення adj. (про курс,(про знайомий знайомий v. мати although although ancestor ancestor using am ount am bitious am amazing apology apology appeal appeal angled angled apply apply annual application application applicant appliance appearance appointm ent ent appointm aptitude aptitude appropriate appropriate appreciate ro arrow arrange argue area archeology artist artist attract attract attitude attend ent attachm ashes attractive attractive a good am ount o f f o ount am good a pl oraj b a jo r fo apply make an appointm ent ent appointm an make ['еагіа] [’a:tist] [’a:tist] [a'plai] домовлена зустріч домовлена зовнішність зовнішність закликом; із звертатися прагне (чогось, до чогось) до (чогось, прагне посилатися посилатися 2. привабливість; вибачення домовлятися домовлятися зустріч працевлаштування працевлаштування прикладати аргументувати; переконувати переконувати аргументувати; цінувати приєднання приєднання [аггзо] стрілка стрілка [аггзо] ['a:gju:j піклуватися, турбуватися турбуватися піклуватися, увагу; приділяти відвідувати; [aej] [a'tend] [a'pi:l] I'aerjgld] ['aenjual] [a'traekt] [a'maont] [a'maont] ['aetitju:d] [a'reindj] упорядковувати; [a'reindj] [a'pDlad ['aeptitju:d] [a'meizirj] [a'mjuizig] [a'mjuizig] [’aensesta] [з:Гдао] [’aeplikant] [a'traektiv] [a'plaians] [a'plaians] [aem'bijas] попіл, зола попіл, VOCABULARY [a'pri:Jieit] площа; область, район область, площа; [.aepli'keijn] [,a:ki'Dlad3i] археологія [a'taetjmant] [a'piarans] [a'piarans] [a'praopriat] [a'praopriat] звертатися; застосовувати; застосовувати; звертатися; художник; митець, артист артист митець, художник; 1. [a'paintmant] [a'paintmant] сперечатися; бути присутнім, бути кутовий кутовий 3 п. приваблювати приваблювати щорічний, річний щорічний, i] перепрошення, перепрошення, i] хоч звернення; прохання; звернення; кількість ставлення ставлення подавати заяву на заяву подавати дивовижний дивовижний кумедний; смішний смішний кумедний; предок, прабатько прабатько предок, схильність; здібність здібність схильність; прохач; кандидат кандидат прохач; пристрій прилад, привабливий етлби; що честолюбний; оцінювати; оцінювати; велика кількість кількість велика зовнішній вигляд, зовнішній заява; заявка заявка заява; прикріплення; v. відповідний відповідний апелювати, апелювати, призначити призначити призначення; призначення; 203 PN IX PPEND A 204 VOCABULARY APPENDIX blood blood blizzard bleed bin bin benefit beneath beneath (by) beloved belong believe believe belief behaviour behaviour behave beetroot beside beside be be baroque bargain bargain baked bad (good)-tempered (good)-tempered bad backup background background bachelor awful award award avoid average average avalanche avalanche available available audience be well-equipped well-equipped be over be be on on be ff o be be founded founded be [bi:] title the award [bin] be available available be [bli:d] [bkd] [bkd] вірування віра; [bi'li:f] внизу оснащеним оснащеним ( демонструватися ['o:fI]жахливий вигідна покупка покупка вигідна поганим (добрим) характером характером (добрим) поганим дії місце обстановка, фон; [a'void] уникати 2. середньостатистичний середньостатистичний 2. лавина [beikt] слухачі наявним (was/were, been) been) (was/were, fa'wDid] 1. [bi'said] ['benifit] [bi'lDg] належати [bi'li:v] вірити [bi'li:v] [bi'heiv] поводитися поводитися [bi'heiv] [’Ьаеклр]копія резервна [’blizad] резервуар корзина; [’ba:gin] [bi'ni:©] ['bi:tru:t] ['bi:tru:t] [ba'rok] бароко бароко [ba'rok] V. adj. бути включеним; бути ['зєупсіз] 1. вирушати, іти вирушати, [’baetjala] [a'veilabl] [a'veilabl] [’o:dians] [bi'heivja] поведінка поведінка [bi'heivja] закінчитися закінчитися аоожвт; присуджувати нагороджувати; ['aevala:nj] кровоточити кровоточити кров середній, середній, [bi'Uvd] [bi'Uvd] [’baskgraond] спечений спечений поруч, коло, біля коло, поруч, бути заснованим заснованим бути перевага; користь користь перевага; завірюха, хуртовина хуртовина завірюха, торговельна угода; торговельна бути доступним, бутидоступним, 1 п. буряк буряк .prep, присуджувати титул титул присуджувати нагорода; бакалавр бакалавр аудиторія; публіка, аудиторія; доступний, наявний наявний доступний, В п. коханий, любимий любимий коханий, бути добре добре бути сніговий обвал, сніговий середнє число; середнє [,baed ’tempad] нижче; 2. нижче; (геть) про фільм) про існувати бути; задній план, задній (комп.) adv. з carpenter carpenter caring careful capture capture cancel cancel callisthenics bury bury Byzantine Byzantine bunch bunch broadcast [ broadcast b rief rief b rn [гд bogt brought) (brought, [Ьгід] bring nt brillia bricklayer breathe breathe brand brand branch branch brains bowl bowl otmbottom bother bother bossy bossy book book border (on) (on) border boarding school school boarding be buried buried be be brought up up brought be а branch o f science science f o branch а at the bottom (of) (of) bottom the at [’beri] [bri:f] [baol] миска; ваза [baol]миска; схопити; привернути привернути схопити; спіймати, силою; захоплювати гімнастика гімнастика викреслювати викреслювати [bok] [bok] транслювати транслювати в землю вземлю по радіо; вести радіопередачу; радіопередачу; вести радіо; по 2. радіопередача; виховуватись виховуватись broadcast) broadcast) якість якість приносити, приводити; привозити привозити приводити; приносити, видатний визначний, здібності, інтелект інтелект здібності, 2. [braend] (верховодить) усім (верховодить) брати квиток квиток брати [’kearirj] турботливий [’kearirj]турботливий закрита навчальна установа; навчальна закрита школа-інтернат школа-інтернат [ЬдпЦ] ('kasnsl]скасовувати; анулювати, [’bDsi] що розпоряджається [’bDsi]розпоряджається що [breinz] мозок мозок [breinz] [’keafl] обережний; уважний уважний [’keafl]обережний; ['Ьодз] набридати; турбувати(ся) турбувати(ся) ['Ьодз] набридати; [bra:ntj] [bra:ntj] [’kaeptja]полон; в брати [’bDtam]низ дно; [’briliant] [’briliant] [bri:5] v. [’ka:panta] тесляр; столяр [’ka:panta] тесляр; межувати межувати [bai'zaentain] [bai'zaentain] ховати ховати короткий [’brikleia] заносити в книгу; замовляти, замовляти, книгу;в заносити bro:dka:st] bro:dka:st] ['bo:da] бути похованим похованим бути [,kaelis'©emks]художня в’язка, пучок; група пучок; в’язка, дихати дихати сорт, марка; фабрична гілка; галузь гілка; блискучий; яскравий; блискучий; ['boidir) ,sku:l] [bro:t] [bro:t] 1. (мертвих)-, 1. муляр n. (як їжа)\ (як внизу внизу п. радіомовлення; радіомовлення; (broadcast, візантійський кордон, межа; кордон, галузь науки галузь бути вихованим, бути v. передавати (увагу) розумові заривати пансіон, пансіон, challenge challenge certain century cause caving caving caviar cautious cater catch up (with) (with) up catch casual cast cashier cash case carton chat chat charter chart channel pionship cham check out out check laro cloakroom click claim circle choice chest ist chem cheer (up) check coastal coastal coach cluster closing rem ark ark rem closing at the chem ist’s ist’s chem the at cheer sm b up up b sm cheer [ka:st] склад виконавців, виконавців, склад [ka:st] [tjaet]1. [keis] випадок; валіза випадок; [keis] ]klik] клацати ]klik] [kaej]готівка [’keita] обслуговувати; догоджати, догоджати, обслуговувати; [’keita] [tja:tj карта; діаграма, схема діаграма, карта; [tja:tj [kleim] вимагати; претендувати вимагати; [kleim] 2. печер 2. привід; передбачливий передбачливий акторський склад склад акторський [’s3:kl] обертатися; оточувати[’s3:kl] обертатися; клітка грудна скриня; ящик, [tjest] теревенити теревенити намагатися догодити догодити намагатися 2. щось) на (to - заключна примітка примітка заключна тішити підбадьорювати; [tjia] дня робочого закінченні по відмітитися інструктор інструктор роздягальня [ko:z] 1.[ko:z] ['kaevia:]ікра [kaotj] карета; репетитор; тренер, тренер, репетитор; карета; [kaotj] [’ka:tan] картон; картонна коробка коробка картонна картон; [’ka:tan] ’зза] иаквй недбалий випадковий; [’кзезиаі] ['keivir)] відвідування чи огляд огляд чи відвідування ['keivir)] [tjais] вибір [tjais] [’s3:tn] певний; упевнений упевнений [’s3:tn] певний; ’lsa 1.[’klAsta] [’tja:ta] грамота; привілей; статут статут привілей; грамота; [’tja:ta] [’kaostl] береговий [’kaostl] [kae'Jia] касир [’sentjari] століття століття [’sentjari] [’tjaenl]канал v. [’kemist] аптекар аптекар [’kemist] v. [’koijas] обережний, кидати виклик, викликати викликати виклик, кидати рости гронами (пучками) (пучками) гронами рости ['t^aelindg] 1. звільнити номер у готелі;у номер звільнити I'tJekAp] перевіряти [’klaokru:m] гардероб, [’klaokru:m] п. чат; 2.чат; п. [’tjaempianjip] чемпіонат чемпіонат [’tjaempianjip] наздоганяти наздоганяти [.klauzig ri’maik] [.klauzigri’maik] причина; підстава; причина; V. підбадьорювати когось підбадьорювати n. спричиняти спричиняти пучок; гроно; пучок; в аптеці v. п. балакати; виклик; com petitive petitive com pete com pare com unity m com com prehensive prehensive com com prehensive school school prehensive com position com com pose pose com plicated com pletion com plaint com across come cohesive coherence com petition petition com on m com conditional conditional condition condense conclusion conclude concern pulsory com press com consider consider consequence confidence conduct conduct have (a lot) in com m on on m com in lot) (a have conduct a survey survey a conduct conditions the under закінчення закінчення зв’язний зв’язаний; зчеплення; зчеплення укладати укладати складати складати конкурсний конкурсний (спільного) (багато)спільне etc. etc. турбувати(ся) відношення; школа всебічний (про мовлення) (про (з кимось) щось)',(на обмірковувати; вважати, гадати вважати, обмірковувати; тощо експеримент конденсувати ВИСНОВОК (збори тощо) (збори [kan'dAkt] вести; проводити вести;[kan'dAkt] [kan’s3:n] стосуватися, мати[kan’s3:n] стосуватися, [kam'pirt] змагатися змагатися [kam'pirt] [kam’pea] порівнювати [’kDman] звичайний; спільний спільний [’kDman] звичайний; [kan’sida]розглядати; [kao'hi:siv] здатний до здатний [kao'hi:siv] [kam'paoz] створювати, [kam'paoz]створювати, [kan’klu:d] робити висновок; робити [kan’klu:d] [kan'dijn] стан; умова стан; [kan'dijn] [kan’dens]згущати(ся); [kam'pleint] скарга скарга [kam'pleint] проводити дослідження / / дослідження проводити [kam'pres]стискувати VOCABULARY [kao'hiarans]зв’язок; [ka'mjurnati] община, громада громада [ka'mjurnati] община, [кап'кіиїзп] завершення; [кап'кіиїзп] I'kDnfidans] довіра [kam'pli:Jn] завершення, [kan'dijnl] умовний умовний [kan'dijnl] [kam'petativ] конкурентний; [kam'petativ] [.kDmpi'tijn] змагання змагання [.kDmpi'tijn] Ikam’pAlsari] обов’язковий I'kDmplikeitid] складний складний I'kDmplikeitid] l.kDmpa'ziJn] твір наштовхнутися [’kDnsikwans] наслідок (договір) випадково зустрітися зустрітися випадково [.kDmpri'hensiv] I a xei ent, experim an загальноосвітня загальноосвітня за умов за мати щось мати 205 PE IX D APPEN 206 VOCABULARY APPENDIX urclmcurriculum current current currant currant curator cup cup cultivation cuisine cuisine crops crops cred it card card it cred creativity creativity creative create create cover cover co urt urt co course course courage couple counseling counseling cosy cosy cornflakes cornflakes cope cope convenient convenient contribute contribute contrary contrary contestant contestant contents contents container container consum e e consum contain contain construct construct (of) consist considerably considerably considerable considerable o f course course f o cope with som eone’s problem eone’s som with cope table o f contents contents f o table [кдр] ['kaozi] ['kaozi] навчальнийплан; розклад струм; ['kaop] традиції, набір страв) набір традиції, [ko:t] (культури) картка [krDps] 2. [’клуз] пластівці проблемою упоратисяз чиєюсь сприяти [kri’eit] [kri’eit] резервуар споруджувати всобі; вміщати чимало ['клгзгй] ['kArant] [kjoa'reital [’клрі] [kwi'zi:n] [kwi'zi:n] [ko:s] [kri’eitiv] [kri’eitiv] V. [kan'tein] [kan'tein] [’клг^з] відвага, [’клг^з] хоробрість чашка;кубок [’kDntrari] [,kri:ei’tiviti] [,kri:ei’tiviti] ['kDntents] [kan'sju:m] [kan'sju:m] покривати; накривати [kan'teina] [kan'teina] [,kAlti'veiJn] [ka'rikjolam] [ka'rikjolam] суд;двір; корт, майданчик [kan'strAkt] [kan'strAkt] [kan'tribju:t] [kan'tribju:t] [’koinfleiks] [’koinfleiks] ['kredit ka:d] ka:d] ['kredit [kan'testsnt] [kan'testsnt] ['kaonslig] ['kaonslig] [kan'vi:niant] [kan'vi:niant] 2 справитися,упоратися затишний 1 [kan'sist] [kan'sist] технічнікультури; зернові курс; шлях; страва звичайно, безперечно пара створювати . . [kan'sidarabli] [kan'sidarabli] [kan'sidarabl] [kan'sidarabl] adj. п. порічки;смородина 1 кухня обкладинка; . творчий куратор містити(мати) п. поточний протилежний (електричний) зміст;вміст контейнер; зміст споживати творчість складатися консультування будувати, культивування кукурудзяні (про кулінарні (про (спорт) курснавчання; робитивнесок; суперник кредитна зручний (видання) значний значно, diary diary dialler dialler devoted devote devote device device ent developm develop determ ine ine determ destroy designer designer desktop desktop desirable desert desert depict depict depend (on, upon) upon) (on, depend deliver delicious delicious delete delay delay degree degree definitely definitely define defence defence decisive decide decide data data danger danger damage damage dairy dairy cycling cycling cybercafe cybercafe utmcustom cu rso r r rso cu get a degree degree a get Bachelor/M aster’s degree aster’s Bachelor/M be in danger danger in be [’daiari] [’deita] механізм встановлювати [di'lei] (у комп’ютері) (у змальовувати (від) [’deari] смачний [’daiala] бакалавра/магістра 'ataa'asa di'gri: ['baetjala/'ma:sta звісно (амер.) [di'li:t] [di'li:t] [di'pikt] [di'pikt] пошкоджувати [di'vais] [di'vais] [’dezat] молочарня [di'vaot] [di'vaot] [di'fainj [di'liva] [di'liva] [di'said] [di’gri:] [di'stroi] [di'stroi] [’k3:sa] ['deindja]небезпека [di'velap] [di'velap] [di'vaotid] [di'vaotid] [’desktop] [’saiklirj] [’saiklirj] [di'fens] ['kAstam] [’daem^] завдавати[’daem^] збитків; [di’saisiv] [di’saisiv] [di'zaina] [di'zaina] [di'zaiarabl] [di'zaiarabl] [di'lijas] [di'lijas] [’defmatli] [di't3:min] [di't3:min] [’saibakaefei] дані, відомості; інформація затримка;зволікання щоденник маслоробня;сироварня; викреслювати, стирати [di'velapmant] [di'velapmant] номеронабирач пустеля малювати,зображати; план;прийом; пристрій, визначати доставляти,постачати ступінь;градус стрілка,покажчик присвячувати вирішувати руйнувати отриматиступінь захист перебуватиу небезпеці велоспорт розвивати(ся) чудовий;дуже відданий робочийстіл shop shop звичай вирішальний;рішучий [di'pend] D напевно,точно; визначати; бажаний,жаданий інтернет-кафе студія дизайну розвиток залежати ]ступінь dim e [daim] [daim] e dim [dai] die disease [di'zi:z] [di'zi:z] disease [dis'kAva] iscover d [di’za:sta] disaster [.disa’pointir]] disappointing [.disa’poxnt] isappoint d [,disad'va:ntid disadvantage [da'rektari] irectory d [di'rekjn] direction display [di'splei] [di'splei] display divorce [di'vo:s] [di'vo:s] divorce [’distnkt] trict is d distinguished [di'stinrjgwijt] [di'stinrjgwijt] distinguished [dis'rApt] disrupt doubt [daot] [daot] doubt dom inate inate dom dom inant inant dom draughts [draifts] [draifts] draughts [dra:ft] draft [.daon'laod] nload dow draw [dro:] [dro:] draw due [dju:] [dju:] due [draot] drought drop [drop] [drop] drop earn earn [’i:ga] eager ’лда] [i:tj other each haos] ['dwelio house dwelling end in a draw draw a in end play draughts draughts play due to sm th th sm to due earn som ebody’s living living ebody’s som earn oney m earn [з:п] демонструвати адреснакнига; алфавітний список (будь-яких даних)', (будь-яких основний 2 катастрофа щовикликає розчарування 2 видатний тягнути; зводитивнічию панувати;домінувати будівля,житловий будинок чиєсьпрожиття тощо) заняття (звичку, . . v. сумніватися вмирати v. належний; гідний заробляти [’dDmineit]переважати; розлучатися [’dominant]переважаючий, 1 падати; крапати; кидати монетав палкий; нетерплячий чернетка;проект . 1. n. п. нічия; хвороба посуха,засуха зароблятигроші завдякичомусь 1 показувати, сумнів; розривати район . завершуватисявнічию шашки гратившашки лихо,біда; n. напрямок відкривати; виявляти Е розлучення; довідник, покажчик; одинодного 10 завантажувати 2 розчаровувати . центів каталог v. (гра) 3 (drew, drawn) (drew, невтішний; відомий, зароблятина ] недолік житлова (амер.) embrace embrace embedded effect education educated edition eccentric easy-going earthquake em ploym ent ent ploym em broidery em enable enable endangered endangered encourage enclose enorm ously ously enorm ous enorm engage engage entertainm ent ent entertainm entertaining entertain enrich entry entry exam entrance enthusiastic enthusiastic envious envious epoch epoch ent environm be engaged in in engaged be Centri] дивний оточувати; включати, здійснювати; робити [l'fekt] вишивка містити вмурований; втілений результат; веселий;безтурботний заохочувати (можливість) чимось небезпеці тощо)-, конверт (в наймом)\ (за забава забавляти ентузіазму;захоплений розважальний вкрай;дуже вступнийекзамен середовище [’i:pDk]епоха [in'ritj] [l'neibl] [l'neibl] [l'dijn] [l'dijn] [in'geidj] [in'geidj] [in'klaoz] [in'klaoz] ['envias] ['envias] [lm’breis] [lm’breis] [.enta'tein] [’edjokeitid] [’edjokeitid] [lk'sentrik]ексцентричний; [,edjo'kei{n] [l'noimas] VOCABULARY [lm'bedid] [m'kArid [,i:zi'gaoir)]добродушно- ['3:©kweik[землетрус [lm'broidari] [lm'broidari] вхід 1 [in'deind3ad] [in'deind3ad] [i'no:masli] [i'no:masli] [.enta'teimg] [lm'pbimant] [lm'pbimant] [in,9ju:zi’asstik] [in,9ju:zi’asstik] [in'vairanmant] [in'vairanmant] видання;випуск збагачувати . (в собі) (в даватизмогу [.enta'teinmant] [.enta'teinmant] п. 'nrn tg'zaem] ['entrans дія,вплив; наслідок, займатися заздрісний 2 оточувати; вкладати бутизайнятим охоплювати, . служба 3 v. розважати, ]підбадьорювати; величезний виконувати, вставлений; освічений освіта надзвичайно; вишивання; підданий забавний, додавати праця, робота навколишнє сповнений розвага, 207 PNDIX D PPEN A VOCABULARY 208 APPENDIX equally equally equal equipm ent ent equipm erupt erupt establish establish essential essential essay eruption event event even eventually eventually ever ever exam exam exciting exciting exchange except execute execute e xhibit xhibit e exist exist expand expand existence experience experience expensive expences expences explorer explorer explore exploration exponent exponent be well equipped equipped well be sport event event sport fail the exam exam the fail be excited about sm th th sm about excited be ['eva] ['i:vn] навіть ['i:vn] [і'глрї] [і'глрї] lig'zist] lig'zist] 1. ['i:kwal] 2. обладнання обладнання [l'vent оснащеним оснащеним bg'zaem] установлювати установлювати тощо): зрештою зрештою замагання спорт, [’esei] через щось через (схвильованим) зворушеним 2. виставка; експозиція; досвід; досвідченість; досвід; 2. мандрівник мандрівник експонент представник виконавець [ik'sept] [ik'sept] ['i:kwali Leksi'bijn] Leksi'bijn] [ik'spaend v. [ik'spb: i'eksikjuit] i'eksikjuit] [lk’saitig] [і'глріп] v. v. [l’senjl] [l’senjl] [ik'spb:ra] [ik'spb:ra] дорівнювати дорівнювати [l'stasblij] [l'stasblij] виставляти на показ на виставляти коли-небудь коли-небудь переживати; відчувати переживати; [iks’tjeind3] [lg’zistans] [lg’zistans] [ik'spaonant] [ik'spaonant] [ik'spensiz] [ik'spensiz] [l'ventjuali] [l'ventjuali] [l'kwipmant] [l'kwipmant] [ik'spensiv] [ik'spensiv] ] подія; захід захід подія;] нарис, есе нарис, [ik'spiarians] [ik'spiarians] вивергати(ся) вивергати(ся) [.ekspla'reijn] [.ekspla'reijn] існувати номер змагання; вид спорту;вид змагання; іспит, екзамен ] рівно; однаково, порівну порівну однаково, рівно;] [,spo:t l'vent] l'vent] [,spo:t за винятком, крім винятком, за ] досліджувати ]досліджувати adj. завалити екзамен екзамен завалити виверження виверження істотний, важливий важливий істотний, ]витрачати 1. хвилюючий хвилюючий засновувати; виконувати виконувати рівний; (музичного твору); (музичного дослідник; n. (теорії)-, бути добре добре бути (у програмі) (у існування існування експонат; показ; експонат; витрати; затрати витрати; обмінювати(ся) обмінювати(ся) кінець кінцем, кінець дорогий дорогий інтерпретатор; устаткування, устаткування, 1. (вечір,прийом дослідження дослідження бути n. спортивне спортивне тип, зразок; тип, (життєвий) (життєвий) (вулкана) exposition exposition expository expository express express extend extend extinct extinct extrem ely ely extrem extinction extinction fabric ['faebrik] fabric fa cility [fa'sihti] [fa'sihti] cility fa failure t'feilja] t'feilja] failure ['faektari] factory fa ithful ithful fa fall fall fame fame fa r r fa fault fault feature feature fee fee fence fence ferry ferry fencing iton n fictio festive field field file file figure fin fin fit fit finding flexible flexible become e xtinct xtinct e become fall ill ill fall sfra nwknow I as far as [fit] [fa:] stay fit fit stay fit keep [fo:l] [fin] [fi:] [fail] [fo:lt] [fi:ld] f'feri] [feim] експозиція експозиція експозиційний експозиційний тягти(ся); простягати(ся) простягати(ся) тягти(ся); зникнення зникнення доступність; р/. можливості, можливості, р/. доступність; надзвичайно, дуже надзвичайно, умови; умови; обладнання,засоби,пристрої обладнання,засоби,пристрої неспроможність неспроможність [fens] відомо... література література 2. оиия пасувати годитися; t'figa] 1. [ik'stigkt] [ik'stend] ['fikjn] плата; гонорар; внесок внесок гонорар; плата; 1. [’festiv] [’feiGfl] [’fi:tja] плавець плавець [ik'spres] (fell, fallen) fallen) (fell, ['faindirj] [’fensirj] [’fleksabl] папка, швидкозшивач; файл швидкозшивач; папка, захворіти захворіти adj. v. adj. [ik'stri:mli] [ik'stirjkjan] помилка; провина провина помилка; поле; галузь, сфера сфера галузь, поле; [.ekspa'zijn] відповідати відповідати [eks'pDzitari] пором перебувати у хорошій формі формі хорошій у перебувати слава, популярність популярність слава, підтримувати форму форму підтримувати огорожа огорожа здоровий, у хорошій формі формі хорошій у здоровий, цифра цифра далекий; 2. далекий; рі. невдача, провал; невдача, белетристика; художня художня белетристика; тканина тканина риса; ознака, властивість властивість ознака, риса; здатність; уміння; здатність; святковий; веселий святковий; вірний протягувати(ся), протягувати(ся), фехтування фехтування устаткування устаткування фабрика; завод фабрика; вимерлий; зниклий зниклий вимерлий; знахідка знахідка (риби) висловлювати висловлювати гнучкий ииаи щезати вимирати, F наскільки мені наскільки падати вкрай, вимирання; виставка, виставка, описовий; (чомусь)-, adv. (до чогось)',(до далеко далеко genre genre genius genius generous generation generation garbage generate generate garlic gain gain gadget gadget furtherm ore ore furtherm fu rthe r r rthe fu full-tim e e full-tim fry frozen frozen an freshm fresh fresh fresco fresco frequent frequent frequency frequency free frank frank footstep footstep fo lde r r lde fo focus (on) (on) focus flu en tly tly en flu fluent fluent l w flo anager m r o flo flood flood gain a fortune fortune a gain frankly speaking speaking frankly in sm b's footsteps footsteps b's sm in [frai] смажити(ся) смажити(ся) [frai] [gem] одержувати, здобувати [gem] одержувати, [fri:] вільний [fri:] [flao] текти; протікати текти; [flao] літературний жанр літературний благородний; щедрий благородний; [fref] свіжий [fref] породжувати породжувати [’зопга] манера, стиль; [’зопга]манера, часник ['ga.lik] новинка [fraggk] відкритий відвертий, того подальший; 2. подальший; робочий день день робочий повний щозабирає час; (робочий) живопис живопис новачок новачок [fUd] повінь [fUd] повторюваний повторюваний повторювання повторювання швидкозшивач; папка, директорія директорія папка, швидкозшивач; (на) мову) [’flu:ant] плавний, вільний вільний плавний, [’flu:ant] [’faolda] канцелярська папка, [’faolda]канцелярська [’fraozn] замерзлий; заморожений заморожений замерзлий; [’fraozn] ]'d [’freskao] фреска; фресковий фресковий [’freskao] фреска; ['gaedjit] пристрій; технічна пристрій;['gaedjit] [Чз:да] 1. ['ga:bid ’l:nl] лво вільно плавно; [’flu:antli] [,fol ’taim] що забирає весь забирає що ’taim] [,fol 3 ]'d ['fotstep] крок; слід крок; ['fotstep] ['fri:kwant] частий; часто частий; ['fri:kwant] ['d i:nias] геній, геніальна людина людина геніальна геній,i:nias] ['frejman] першокурсник; першокурсник; ['frejman] ['fri:kwansi] частота; часте частота; ['fri:kwansi] [,d 3 ['faokas] зосереджувати(ся) ['faokas]зосереджувати(ся) 3 enareit] спричиняти; enareit] [Дз:ба'шо:] більше того;крім enaras]великодушний; 3 ena'reijn] покоління покоління ena'reijn] 3 (у школі)(у помічник режисера режисера помічник ] сміття] adj. досягти удачі досягти G дальший, дальший, відверто кажучи відверто adv. по чиїхось слідах слідах чиїхось по далі далі (про амер. hack into into hack habitat habitat habit habit guarantee greedy greedy gravy grated grated graduate graduate grade grade governm ental ental governm ent governm go go globe give give get get natural habitat habitat natural go w rong rong w go go w ell ell w go go on doing sm th th sm doing on go go on air air on go give up up give give a hand hand a give get worse worse get e oko know to get together get get sunburned sunburned get stuck get get sm th ready ready th sm get [дао] get on (well/badly) (well/badly) on get [get] [giv] f'haebit] звичка одержувати доступ, проникати проникати доступ, одержувати середовище середовище середовище середовище (в захищену систему) (в захищену (тварин, рослин); (тварин, ручатися ['greivi] підливка, соус соус підливка, ['greivi] 2. будь-який закінчив що той, (вищий) навчальний заклад заклад навчальний (вищий) навчальний заклад; навчальний ник вищого навчального закладу; навчального вищого ник [greid] клас клас [greid] шляхом телебаченні телебаченні робити щось робити [glaob] земна куля [glaob] земна відмовитися відмовитися ладити ладити (добре/погано); ладити / не / ладити (добре/погано); (добре/погано); просуватися просуватися (добре/погано); [greitid] тертий [greitid] [’haebitaet] поширення місце ['gri:di[ жадібний жадібний ['gri:di[ (went, gone) gone) (went, V. (got, got) got) (got, l'graed [haek] [’graed3ueit] закінчувати (gave, given) given) (gave, [.gasran'ti:] гарантувати; іти добре ітидобре [.giv'Ap]покинути; VOCABULARY виступати по радіо,по виступати I'gAvnmant]уряд іти неправильним неправильним іти застрявати застрявати погіршуватися погіршуватися (зкимсь) [.gAvn'mentl] урядовий 3 (комп.) надавати допомогу допомогу надавати дізнатися дізнатися uit] uit] збиратися разом збиратися природне природне (амер.)-, засмагнути засмагнути н ставати одержувати; приготувати щось приготувати (від звички) (від (амер.) продовжувати продовжувати іти, ходити ходити іти, незаконно поживати давати давати природне природне оцінка оцінка 1. п. випуск (амер.) 209 PN IX PPEND A VOCABULARY 210 APPENDIX altr hailstorm headm aster aster headm headline heading headphones hardware harbour out hang hazard hazard ful harm heatwave heatwave herd herd hereditary hereditary hedge high school school high t hligh hig highlands hold hold ay highw home-made home-made honourable honourable honest horseradish horseradish film orror h horrible horn however however host [.hDspi'taelati] hospitality hospitable human human hum anities anities hum hurricane hurricane hunter icon icon hold sm b’s attention (interest, etc) (interest, attention b’s sm hold [haold] [h3:d] [haust] [haust] [’aikDn] ікона; іконка, символ іконка, [’aikDn] ікона; [ho:n] злива; сильний град сильний злива; школи комп’ютера (плати, монітор іт.д.) монітор (плати, комп’ютера успадкований успадкований період сильної спеки сильної період освітлювати освітлювати зберігати чиюсь увагу, чиюсь зберігати лгрди; почесний благородний; виготовлення тощо інтерес чийсь підтримувати науки [hed [’haezad] [’hAnta] ['must] ['hju:man] ['hju:man] ['ha:mflj ['ha:mflj [’ha:ba] ['hedirj] [’hDnbl] жахливий [’hDnbl]жахливий [’hedlain] [’haiwei] [’haiwei] висовувати(ся); вивішувати висовувати(ся); [hao'eva] [hao'eva] [’hailait] [’hailait] [’hardwea] [’heilstoim] [’hi:tweiv] [’hi:tweiv] [’hailandz] [’hailandz] череда стадо, [’hAnkan] [’hAnkan] 3 [hi’reditari] [hi’reditari] ріг [’hDspitabl] гостинний жахів фільм ] живопліт; огорожа ]живопліт; (held, held) held) (held, [hju:'maenitiz] ведучий; господар ведучий; [’Dnarabl] чесний, [,hed'ma:sta] ['hai sku:l] sku:l] ['hai ,am ’meid] [,haum [’hedfaunz] ['ho:sraedij] чесний чесний мисливець мисливець ризик, небезпека небезпека ризик, гавань аооо; рубрика заголовок; шкідливий шкідливий аітаь шосе магістраль; людина людина виділяти; яскраво яскраво виділяти; газетний заголовок заголовок газетний як би не; проте, однак однак проте, не; би як теплова хвиля; теплова «залізо», деталі «залізо», ураган I гроза з градом; з гроза узгір’я узгір’я спадковий; середня школа середня хрін хрін навушники тримати тримати директор директор гостинність гостинність гуманітарні домашнього домашнього identify identify im aginative aginative im agination im image illegal immense immense ediately m im im possible possible im port im im pression pression im press im im prove prove im pressive im include include incom plete plete incom increasing increasing increase independence independence indicate indicate independent industrial industrial infant school school infant infant industry industry influence influence inhabit inhabit inhabitant inhabitant inherit inherit injection injection input input make an im pression on smb on pression im an make be influenced by by influenced be здоровенний здоровенний багатою уявою; образний образний уявою; багатою визначати невідкладно невідкладно справити враження на когось на враження справити удосконалювати удосконалювати включати [’input] інформація на вході;на інформація [’input] зростати незакінчений незакінчений [i'li:gl] незалежність незалежність 2. [’шжіз] образ образ [’шжіз] впливом чогось впливом [’infant] населяти мешканець, житель житель мешканець, переймати, запозичувати запозичувати переймати, ін’єкція введення [’impart] [inherit] [inherit] [in'haebit] [ai'dentifai] [ai'dentifai] [ln'kluid] [ln'kluid] [lm'pres] вражати [lm'pres] [’indikeit] [’indikeit] [im'pru:v] v. ['indastri] ['indastri] [in'kri:s] [in'kri:s] [l’mens] [in'd3ekjn] [in'd3ekjn] [’mfluans] [’mfluans] срвяивлв впливати вплив; справляти [in'dAstrial] [in'dAstrial] [in'haebitant] [in'haebitant] [in'kri:sig] [in'kri:sig] [lm'pDsibl] неможливий [lm'pDsibl]неможливий [lm'presiv] вражаючий вражаючий [lm'presiv] [lm’prejn] враження враження [lm’prejn] [,inkam’pli:t] [,inkam’pli:t] [i'maed3inativ] [i,maed незаконний, нелегальний незаконний, [i'mi:diatli] [i'mi:diatli] [mdi'pendant] [mdi'pendant] дитина, немовля дитина, [’infant (sku:l)] (sku:l)] [’infant мотвт, ввозити імпортувати, [.mdi'pendans] успадковувати; містити в собі;в містити (інформації) ии мешкати; жити, збільшувати(ся); величезний, вказувати вказувати покращувати, покращувати, промисловість промисловість 3 ототожнювати(ся); i,neijn] уява i,neijn] упорскування; упорскування; 1. перебувати під перебувати зростаючий зростаючий промисловий промисловий n. негайно, (постійний) (постійний) вплив; неповний; наділений наділений незалежний незалежний дитячі ясла ясла дитячі ju n io r r io n ju judge o i g gin jog eels jellied jealous keep keep ivory ivory item item technology ation inform = IT involve involve investigation investigate inventor invention invention invent invasion introductory introductory intransitive intransitive interpreter interpreter (of) instead interpretation interpretation intelligent inspiration inspiration inspire inspire insist insist ht insig inseparable inseparable keep doing sm th th sm doing keep be involved in in involved be be inspired by by inspired be [’aitam] [ki:p] [’aivari] [’aivari] робити щось робити [d (страва) повідомлення, замітка замітка повідомлення, предмет; окремий питання; до залученим бути інформаційна технологія технологія інформаційна всобі містити розслідування [in'sist] [in'sist] [’d3u:nia] розслідувати неперехідний неперехідний (усний) пояснення чимось проникливість проникливість нерозлучний [invent] [invent] 3 [in'spaia] [in'spaia] [’msait] [’d3elas] [in'vDiv] втягувати, вмішувати; втягувати,[in'vDiv] [’d Ad [in'venta] [in'venta] [ш'уеїзп] [ш'уеїзп] [m'venjn] [m'venjn] 3 (kept, kept) kept) (kept, [in'telid3ant] [in'telid3ant] 3 Dgig] біг підтюпцем, пробіжка пробіжка Dgig] підтюпцем, біг ,3ld ’i:lz] [,d3elid [m't3:pnta] [m't3:pnta] [.mspi'reijn] [.mspi'reijn] [m’vestigeit] [m’vestigeit] ] [m'traensativ] [in'sted] [in'sted] пункт,параграф; [m'seprabl] [m'seprabl] слонова кістка слонова п. [.intra'dAktari] наполягати [m.vesti'geijn] [m.vesti'geijn] [in,t3:pn'teijn] [in,t3:pn'teijn] суддя; винаходити; придумувати придумувати винаходити; молодший прозорливість; ревнивий; заздрісний заздрісний ревнивий; надихати бути вплутаним в, вплутаним бути винахідник винахідник навала, вторгнення вторгнення навала, бути натхненним натхненним бути к J відкриття винахід, замість замість продовжувати перекладач перекладач рмт, берегти тримати, V. заливний вугор заливний розумний натхнення натхнення нероздільний; досліджувати; судити (грам.) вступний вступний дослідження; тлумачення, тлумачення, (вгазеті) look look lonely on/in log перебування location location locate locate local linking link licence licence level lightning lightning lie leave leave Lent Lent lettuce lettuce lead lead lay lawyer launch lean lean least, the the least, landslide landslide knowledge knowledge kit kindergarten kin kin kill kick look like like look out look look happy (ill, tired, etc) etc) tired, (ill, happy look ard forw look look fo r r fo look at look look around around look [Іаі] leave fo r school school r fo leave lay eggs eggs lay [kit] [lei] [kil] [kil] [kin] [kin] [ligk] [ligk] [luk] [luk] [li:d] [li:n] [kik] [kik] [lent] [’levl] [’levl] [’laukl] [’laukl] [li:v] [li:v] і і т.д.) щасливий щасливий місцезнаходження місцезнаходження патент 2. школи поїхати (робітника) [’launli] [’launli] пробити пробити [lau’keit] [lau’keit] брехня, неправда неправда брехня, [’b:ja] [’b:ja] [’hrjkirj] [’letis] спорядження; набір інструментів інструментів набір спорядження; [b:nt{] [b:nt{] (laid, laid) laid) (laid, [’laisns] [’laisns] убивати [lau'keijn] [lau'keijn] adv. рідня, родичі; близькість близькість родичі; рідня, [bg] [bg] з’єднувати, зв’язувати зв’язувати з’єднувати, дивитися (led, led) led) (led, ['laitnirj] ударяти (бити) ногою; бити, ногою; (бити) ударяти over over [li:st] [li:st] [’lasndslaid] великий піст великий (left, left) left) (left, подивитися (на) подивитися рівень шукати виглядати VOCABULARY вигляд [’nDlid місцевий місцевий нестися, класти яйця класти нестися, найменш бути схожим (до) схожим бути юрист; адвокат адвокат юрист; салат-латук салат-латук [’kindaga:tn] самотній, одинокий одинокий самотній, всистему входити запускати запускати той, що зв’язує зв’язує що той, згинатися над згинатися визначати свідоцтво; ліцензія; 1. (про м’яч) (про чекати, очікувати чекати, оглядати(ся) оглядати(ся) (хворий, змучений (хворий, 3 adj. блискавка блискавка розташування; місце розташування; класти, покласти покласти класти, ]знання вести L виходити з дому до дому з виходити залишати; піти, залишати; найменший; зсув, обвал обвал зсув, (з чогось) (з дитячий садок садок дитячий мати 211 PNDIX D PPEN A VOCABULARY 212 APPENDIX make make majority major master master stall market mansion mammal make-up maintenance course main stories made-up membership membership member measure meaning mean meadow matter masterpiece low-fat lowlands mill mill mild bar menu mend memorise minced minced make smb aware of smth smth of aware smb make angry smb make peace make decisions make living a make look up smth in the dictionary the in smth up look through look It doesn’t matter! matter! doesn’t It [mil] [maild] [meik] [mi:n] 2. старший значення! особняк заучуватинапам'ять комусь знатипро щось когось [mend] місце,лоток на ринку [’meid3a] кількість жиру шукатищось у словнику переглядати 1. ['maeta] [Jao-'faet] ]'ma:sta] ]'ma:sta] [’minst] [’minst] adj. v. [m9'd3Driti]більшість [’memba] [’medao] млин [’maeml] [’maenjn] [’теїкдр] [теза] ['miinirj] [’laolandz] [’laolandz] означати; мати на увазі; рядокменю ['memaraizj ['memaraizj підлий, нечесний м’який; помірний (meant, meant) (meant, (made, made) made) (made, ,akt ’sto:l] [,ma:kit ]'ma:stapi:s] ]'ma:stapi:s] головнастрава лагодити; ремонтувати [’membajip] [’membajip] [’meitanans] [’meitanans] справа більший; головний; січений, мелений помиритися міра; мірка магістр дивитисяу щомістить малу зароблятина прожиття вигаданіоповідання ссавець значення луг член великийбудинок, грим;косметика м прийматирішення низина розсердити Цене має запам’ятовувати; шедевр членство підтримка прилавок, робити (вікно)', давати mysterious mysterious mutual mustard mud movement mountaineering moody minor minor mind monk monk modern mixture mixed miss narrow narrow narrator mood nearly nearly resources natural speaker native native non-fiction non-fiction noisy noble nickname network net net neighbour needle necessary notable notable northern non-governmental nowadays nowadays nothing Nothing of the kind! kind! the of Nothing [net] [mAd]бруд, багно [mis] [mis] [maind] [maind] у поганомунастрої змінамнастрою; похмурий; [’noizi] шумливий [шлг)к] 2. незбагненний література місцевий [’naobl]благородний; знатний ресурси [mu:d] (наукова) література;нехудожня подібного! неурядовий [’mama] adv. [’neitiv] [’neitiv] [mikst] [’mali] [ni:dl] [’mju:t{ual] [’mju:t{ual] [’mu:di] [’naerao] [’naotabl]видатний, визначний [’mikstja] [’mikstja] [’mDdn] [’пл©іг)] adj. [na’reita] [na’reita] сітка [netw3:k]сітка; мережа [’rmvstad] [’no:3an] унаш час, тепер [’mkneim]прізвисько промахнутися;пропустити [’naoadeiz] [’neiba] [’nesasari] ]'mu:vmant] ]'mu:vmant] [.nDn'fikJn] документальна менший [mi’stiarias] [mi’stiarias] настрій майже розум;думка голка монах змішаний рідний 1. що легкопіддається [.neitiv ’spi:ka] ’spi:ka] [.neitiv звужувати(ся) сучасний (житель) ніщо,нічого [.maota'niarir)] n. суміш оповідач північний гірчиця взаємний сусід неповнолітній; [ri:’so:siz] [ri:’so:siz] N LnDngAvn'mentI] необхідний n. мв, місто)', (мова, рух сьогодення; таємничий; Нічого природні носіймови альпінізм Oriental [,3:ri'entl] Oriental ['o:da] order [’Dpjanl] optional [,Dpa'tju:niti] opportunity [a'pinjan] opinion ordinary [’oidaneri] ordinary octopus octopus occur [’Dkjopai] occupy [.Dkjo'peijn] occupation occasion obviously observer observe observation once [wAns] once [bfa] offer [of] off online online (of) behalf on чиновник; [a'fijl] official onwards [’Dnwadz] onwards obligatory obligatory nutritious nutritious nursery (school) ['n3:san (sku:l)] ['n3:san (sku:l)] (school) nursery nuclear [’nju:klia] [’nju:klia] nuclear there once was was once there once upon a time time a upon once once at in order to to order in order in order of out be nuclear weapon test [’wepan .test] test weapon nuclear nuclear weapon weapon nuclear давно східний занять;професія 2. (мешканець)Сходу; 2. факультативний привід,підстава ідлнсьучс, “відбуття” часі, у віддаленість разу підключений досітки можливість ясла [а’кз:]траплятися; відбуватися випробовуванняядерної зброї [’шііаіп] [’шііаіп] прислівник, що вказує на вказує що прислівник, п. [ab'z3:v]спостерігати [’Dktapas] [ab'z3:va]спостерігач [а'кеїзп] [а'кеїзп] пропозиція 1. [nju’tnjas]поживний [’Dbviasli]явно, очевидно [a'bligatri]обов’язковий відразу (на початку казки), початку (на упорядку порядок одногоразу, колись [.Dbza’veijn]спостереження v. длятого, щоб пропонувати; відімені неавтономний, що необов’язковий, займати думка;погляд ядерний 1. випадок, нагода; восьминіг звичайний вийтиз ладу вперед,спереду, далі бувсобі якось o ядерназброя n. колись,одного уродженець (когось) заняття,рід службовець нагода, adj. давним- дитячі oxygen oxygen owner patient patient pastry pastry particle particle participate participant parsley paraphrase paradise painting pain overflow overestimate particular particular panic oven pass pass part-time outstanding output passion passion pastoral pastoral outlook outlook outline outline outlet outlet outcome outcome originate (from) (from) originate origin origin in particular particular in [реіп] [pa:s] [’ [’paemk] 2. занятий 2. знаменитий робочий день;2. печиво,тістечка передавати пасторальний парафразувати край;заливати, затоплювати переоцінювати інформації потужність; вихід; виведення нарис (вихідний) отвір початок; породжувати [’aotlet] [’aotlet] початок, походити; давати луп [’Dnd [’аопа] [’peistri] [’peistri] [’aotpot] [’peijnt] [’aotlain] [’aotlain] ]’pa:sli] ]’pa:sli] ]’Dksid3an] ]'pa:tikl] ]'pa:tikl] [’aotlok] [’aotlok] adj. [’paejn] v. [’pa:staral] [’pa:staral] ['peintir)] [’paeradais] [.aova'flao] [’aotkAm] ,at ’taim] ],pa:t панікувати ] [pa’tikjola] [pa’tikjola] біль проходити, проїжджати; 3 піч;духовка [pa:’tisi peit][pa:’tisi VOCABULARY [pa:’tisi pant] [pa:’tisi терплячий; наполегливий [’paarafreiz] in]походження [aot'staendir)] власник [.aova’estimeit] [.aova’estimeit] 1. вихід;випускний кондитерськівироби; 1. петрушка пристрасть продуктивність; особливо,зокрема частка обрис,контур; ескіз, п. вид; кругозір [a'rid3ineit] [a'rid3ineit] п. картина;живопис паніка; кисень наслідок, результат пацієнт; пастушачий; Р переливатисячерез рай особливий 1. братиучасть переповідати; n. adj. учасник неповний видатний, неповністю брати 213 PNDIX D PPEN A VOCABULARY 214 APPENDIX portrait portrait poetry poetry politeness politeness polite poison point pollute pollute porridge porridge pork population plumber plumber plum (in) plug plot plenty piece piece up pick phenomenon personality plenary plenary food plain pitch piling pile personal personal person person permit permission permanent perhaps performer performance performance perform perfect cent per penalty peach peach pattern point of view view of point [pail]купа [plot] змова;сюжет, фабула [po:k] [рілт] [рілт] [pitj] [pitj] [point] [pi:s]кусок, шматок; твір вівсянка добувати; приймати [pa'lait] паяльщик передачі) пленарний подача вкупу ['paihrj] мистецтва (pi. здійснювати вистава ['plenti]достаток; безліч [pi:tj]персик [’pauitri] [’pauitri] [pa'mit] дозволяти ['paizn] ['paizn] [pa’lu:t] [p3:sn] ['p3:fikt]досконалий ['po:treit] ['paetn]взірець [рік] ['pli:nari]повний, необмежений; [’penlti]покарання, кара [pa'fo:m]виконувати; ['рілша] ['рілша] [рілд] [pa’haeps] можливо [pa'sent]відсоток, процент ['pDnd |'p3:sanal] |'p3:sanal] phenomena) phenomena) поле,майданчик; кидок; свинина [pa'fo:ma] виконавець ['plein (fu:d)] проста їжа [pa'laitms] [pa'laitms] [.pDpjo'leiJn] ['p3:manant]постійний слива [,p3:sa'naeliti] [pa'mijn] п. піднімати;підбирати; збирання(звалювання) ввічливий [pa'fo:mans] крапка; (у бейсболі тощо) бейсболі (у [fi’nDminan] людина,особа включати, втикати отрута 3 забруднювати поезія ](вівсяна) каша, точказору портрет водопровідник; особистий дозвіл ввічливість v. населення феномен указувати особистість виконання; (про сигнали, (про provide provide prove prove proud proud pressure pressure prescribe preschool preposition prediction process process principal time prime primary prevent pretend prominent prominent produce proper proper propagate pronoun promise predict predict prawn power [ро:] pour possibility possibility portray possible possible provide material about about material provide be proud of of proud be prescribe some medicine medicine some prescribe possible as much as be under pressure pressure under be тиском тися); розповсюджувати(ся); тися); матеріал про ставити основний ефірнийчас прописуватидеякі ліки провіщення початковий перешкоджати чимось) процесу;обробляти піддавати(якомусь технічному) поширювати(ся) визначний, видатний можливо зображувати,змальовувати [pru:v] [pru:v] adj. 2. (амер.)\ [praod] [pro:n] [’paoa] CprDpa] [pn'dikt] [pn'dikt] [po:’trei] [pra'vaid] [pra'vaid] [pn'vent] [’praimari] [’praimari] [pri'tend] Cpraoses] ['prDmis]обіцяти [pra'dju:s] [pra'dju:s] [’praonaon] [’praonaon] t'pDSlbl]можливий [’prinsapl] [’prinsapl] ['preja] лити(ся) [pn'skraib] [pn'skraib] [’pri:sku:l] [’pri:sku:l] [’propageit] [pn'dikjn] [pn'dikjn] [prDminant]відомий, [.pDSl'blllti] можливість 'ri ,taim] ['praim [’prepa'zijn] [’prepa'zijn] доводити,засвідчувати креветка сила;влада гордий (п’єсу) відповідний; правильний пишатися провіщати; передбачати малювати портрет; тиск запобігати; постачати; надавати прикидатися,удавати розпочинатипроцес; первинний; виробляти; 1. займенник головний, передбачення, дошкільний прописувати n. розмножува перебуватипід директор школи прийменник кращий наскільки (кимось / (кимось надавати qualification qualification quarrel [’kwDral] quarrel quality push push punishment punishment punish pull pull pudding publicity [pA’bllSlti] publicity queue queue quotient quotient quotation raise raise range range raisin realise realise raw rare recognise recognise recipient recently receive reason recover recover refer refer reduce recycle recyclable area recreation referee referee reflect reflect have a quarrel quarrel a have [pul] [го:]сирий; недоварений [rea] [п'їз:]відсилати; посилатися; [puj] [reiz] [reiz] гласність;слава, популярність 2. v. сваритися 2. усвідомлювати;здійснювати; ['reizn] цитування обмірковувати реалізовувати визнавати розум;2. [remd стосуватися сировину, рециркулювати послаблювати використаний [kju:] [kju:] [ri'flekt] [ri'flekt] ['kwDliti] ['ri:alaiz] ['ri:alaiz] CpAnij] ]'ri:zn] ]'ri:zn] [n'dju:s] [n'dju:s] [.refa'ri:] [ri'si:v] [ri'si:v] [,ri:'saikal] [,ri:'saikal] [ri'kAva] [ri'kAva] v. [’ri:sntli] [’ri:sntli] [podig] [podig] тягти [’kwaujnt] [’kwaujnt] рідкий;рідкісний [n’sipiant] [n’sipiant] стояти в черзі [kwau'teijn] [kwau'teijn] штовхати [’rekagnaiz] [’rekagnaiz] піднімати [,ri:'saiklabl] [,ri:'saiklabl] 3 1. [’pAmJmant] ряд,] низка; пасмо [.kwDlifi'keiJn] ізюм, родзинки 1. карати n. одержувати,отримувати (на себе) (на відбивати;відображати знижувати,зменшувати; якість;властивість уявлятисобі, V. суддя зонавідпочинку черга; п. пудинг 1. видужувати недавно міркувати, причина, підстава; перероблятивторинну посваритися n. частка публічність, Q R одержувач сварка; (від себе) (від цитата; упізнавати; (спорт.), повторно покарання кваліфікація рефері relative relative relationship relations relation rehearsal release release relaxing relax relativity regard reminder reminder remind remain remain relieve reliable reliable remove remove regional regional request request representative representative represent reported reported repair resident resident reserved reserved research research requirement require respect respect resource resistant responsible responsible responsibility respond be responsible for for responsible be [n’laeks] зв’язок;стосунки відносності брати до уваги усувати відпочивати регіональний змальовувати; представляти представник повідомлений резидент 2. нетовариський вивчення (чогось) відповідальність [п’реа] [п’реа] відповідальнимза щось [ri'ga:d] [ri'li:v] [ri'li:v] [ri'mein] [ri'mein] [ri’maind] [ri’maind] [ri'li:s] [ri'li:s] [n’kwaia] [n’kwaia] [’relativ] [’relativ] [n’laiabl] [n’laiabl] [n’mu:v] [n’mu:v] [ri'leijn] [ri'leijn] [n'spekt] [n'spekt] [ri'kwest] [ri'kwest] [n’laeksig] ['ri:d3anl] ['ri:d3anl] v. [’rezidant] [’rezidant] [n'spDnd] [ri’po:tid] [.rela’tiviti] [.rela’tiviti] [n'leijnz] [n'leijnz] [ri’s3:tj] [ri’s3:tj] [n'zistant] [n'zistant] [n'z3:vd] [n'z3:vd] [ri’mainda] [ri’mainda] [ri'sois] [ri'sois] [n’h3:sal] [n’h3:sal] поважати [.repn’zent] [.repn’zent] VOCABULARY [ri'leijanjip] [ri'leijanjip] [n'spDnsabl] [n'spDnsabl] [n’kwaiamant] [n’kwaiamant] ремонтувати,лагодити розслаблятися; полегшувати випускати;звільняти розглядати; вважати; [n.spDnsi'bihti] [n.spDnsi'bihti] [,repri’zentativ] [,repri’zentativ] залишатися зв’язок родич пересувати; видаляти, надійний ресурс дослідження, нагадувати 1. вимагати; потребувати прохання стриманий, місцевий; стосунки,взаємини переданий, розслаблюючий відповідати постійнийжитель; репетиція n. стійкий відносність;теорія нагадування повага; зображати, бути родинний відповідальний вимога 215 PNDIX D PPEN A 216 VOCABULARY APPENDIX scene scene scary save save satisfy satisfy satellite satellite same same salesperson sale sale salary saint saint sailor sailing sailing sail safety safely safe safe sadly rural rural rubbish rubbish ing row row row rout rough rough rotating rotating roll roll roast riding riding review reuse reuse return return rest rest be satisfied w ith ith w satisfied be the same same the at the same tim e e tim same the at in the sale sale the in St St load o f rubbish rubbish f o load [seil] плавати [seil] [raol] [гео] ряд[гео] [seil] продаж [seil] si] безпечний [seif] [seiv] [raot] [rest] ['roaral] [seint] святий [seint] [snt] [snt] ['skeari] жахливий, моторошний моторошний ['skeari]жахливий, тощо)] [seim] такий же, однаковий же, такий [seim] заощаджувати заощаджувати чимось час [’saedli] [si:n] місце дії місце дії [si:n] [raost] [’seila] моряк плавання під вітрилами вітрилами під плавання вщент вщент масу)\ (про поверхню) (про [saelari] заробітна плата [saelari]заробітна безпечно благополучно, [’seifli] ['seifti] безпека ['seifti] [,ri:'ju:z] використовувати використовувати 2. [глГ] ['raidig] ['saetisfai] [ri't3:n] [’seilig] [ri'vju:] ['raoir)] веслування ['raoir)]веслування [’saetalait] ['глЦ] [rao'teitig] v. згорток; кругла булочка кругла згорток; (скор.) рятувати; зберігати; рятувати; 1. 1. брутальний, грубий; нерівний нерівний грубий; брутальний, відпочивати той самий самий той жарити(ся), смажити(ся) смажити(ся) жарити(ся), n. [’seilzp3:sn] продавець п. сільський сумно обертальний обертальний сцена; епізод сцена; у продажу продажу у повертатися лвня мореплавство; плавання; верхова їзда верхова повторно повторно повторювати повторювати сміття, мотлох мотлох сміття, відпочинок; розгром; 2. розгром; задовольняти святий супутник супутник обертовий обертовий купа лайна лайна купа s бути задоволеним задоволеним бути тоді ж; у той самий самий той у ж; тоді (у п ’єсі, романі ’єсі, п (у (про рух) (про v. (матеріал) розбити (про shellfish shellfish sheet shark share share shape shape shallow sew setting setting separate separate sensitive sensitive sense senior senior selfish selection selection select seldom seek security security seasoning seascape seascape diving scuba scroll up/down up/down scroll scrip t t scrip screen screen score score scone scone scold science school-leaver school-leaver scenery a sheet o f paper paper f o sheet a share im pressions pressions im share [sao] [si:k] [ji:t] простирадло; аркуш аркуш простирадло; [ji:t] [fa:k] акула [fa:k] враженнями враженнями [jea] ділитися постановка обстановка; уразливий уразливий відділяти; 2. відділяти; курсу, учень випускного класу класу випускного курсу, учень класів; старших курсу,учень старшого доверху/донизу доверху/донизу обробка шкіри обробка намагатися зображення у вікні у зображення витримування витримування [skaold] сварити(ся), лаяти(ся) лаяти(ся) [skaold]сварити(ся), [jeip] форма [jeip] сценарій шрифт; [sens] почуття, відчуття; значення значення відчуття; [sens]почуття, вести очки, v. 2.підраховувати [skript] почерк; рукописний рукописний почерк; [skript] 1.[ska:] рахунок; набирати очки набирати рахунок; [si'lekt] вибирати [si'lekt] коржик абітурієнт абітурієнт оточення обстановка; [si:nia] старший; старший; [si:nia] [skDn] [skDn] ['selfij] егоїстичний егоїстичний ['selfij] I'setig] оточення, навколишня навколишня оточення, I'setig] [skri:n] екран екран [skri:n] ['seldam]рідко ['Jaelao]мілкий неглибокий, [’saians] наука [si'kjoarati] безпека безпека [si'kjoarati] [’jelfij] молюск; ракоподібні молюск; [’jelfij] ]'si:nari] (театральні) декорації; (театральні) ]'si:nari] ['separeit] 1.['separeit] (sewed, sewn) sewn) (sewed, ['sensativ] чутливий; ['sensativ] s'ej]вді, набір відбір, [si'lekjn] [’si:skei р] морський краєвид [’si:skeiкраєвид морський р] (sought, sought) sought) (sought, ['si:zamr)]приправа; ячмінний (пшеничний) (пшеничний) ячмінний амер. підводне плавання плавання підводне п. [('sku:l)li:va] випускник, випускник, [('sku:l)li:va] [skraol] перекручувати перекручувати [skraol] рахунок; adj. аркуш паперу паперу аркуш студент останнього останнього студент (вина тощо); (вина v. ділитися ділитися (комп'ют.) ['seprat] окремий ['seprat]окремий відокремлювати, відокремлювати, амер. шити шукати; студент студент (фільму) shore shore shoplifter shortage shortage sieve sieve side shy b) sm (at shout shot-putting sightseeing sightseeing sign sign single ticke t t ticke single sincerely since signature skill skill sketch sm art art sm slim skilled sitter sm ooth ooth sm ell sm slice so so sneeze snail society society sociable do do sign o ff ff o sign r u to sightseeing So many countries in the w orldl orldl w the in countries many So [seo] [seo] ]}аі] соромливий, сором’язливий сором’язливий ]}аі]соромливий, [said] [said] [skil] [slim] [slim] [sain] [slais] [slais] [sneil] [sneil] ['sital ['sital [siv] [siv] I [sins] [sins] [smel] [smel] 2. телепередачі телепередачі екскурсія визначними місцями місцями визначними екскурсія океану) брак місць оголошувати кінець радіо- або радіо- кінець оголошувати термінала); користувача місця визначні художникові (фотографові) (фотографові) художникові тонкими скибочками скибочками тонкими бік [Jo:] узбережжя берег, товариство; об’єднання товариство; 2. здібності майстерність; нарядний нарядний багато країн у світі!у країн багато [sma:t] [sma:t] компанійський; дружелюбний дружелюбний компанійський; go sightseeing sightseeing go [skildl [skildl [sketj] [sketj] [sni:z] [sni:z] таким чином, так чином, таким [sa'saiati] [sa'saiati] [smu:3] [smu:3] v. v. [’saojabl] [’saojabl] I’Joitidj] недостача, нестача, недостача, I’Joitidj] уміння, здатність; досвід, досвід, здатність; уміння, [sin'siali] [sin'siali] [’signatja] [’signatja] ['jDp.lifta] бік 1. тонкий, стрункий стрункий тонкий, 1. просівати (smelt, sm elt) elt) sm (smelt, виходити з роботи з виходити натурщик; той, хто позує хто той, натурщик; 1. відтоді, з того часу як часу того з відтоді, слимак слимак [’sait,si:io] 1. n. ['jDtpotig] ['jDtpotig] n. ['siggl 'tikit 'tikit ['siggl розумний; кмітливий; розумний; умілий кваліфікований, ескіз; нарис ескіз; п. чхати п. решето, сито; решето, 2. знак; [jaot] [jaot] гладенький, рівний гладенький, скибочка; 2. скибочка; запах; суспільство; суспільство; товариський, щиро крамничний злодій крамничний підпис ]'sait,si:ig ’tea] ’tea] ]'sait,si:ig кричати (на когось) (на кричати штовхання ядраштовхання огляд визначних визначних огляд оглядати ] квиток водин ] квиток v. нюхати підписувати підписувати v. (моря, різати (про Так specious specious specim en en specim species producer sound specialty specialty spatial spare soured source spiral spiral spin solution software spicy spicy spiced spectator ore sophom soon solve soul soul spot spot oilt sp spoil irit sp square square sprinkle spread squid squid starvation starvation starter ff sta as soon as as soon as spread the table cloth cloth table the spread in the square square the in [saol] [spin] [spot] [spot] [sta:f] [sta:f] [spail] [spail] [su:n] [’spirit] I'spaisi] присмачений спеціями; I'spaisi]присмачений ] Iv d [s другокурсник другокурсник звукорежисер звукорежисер забезпечення, комп’ютерні комп’ютерні забезпечення, спеціальний асортимент асортимент спеціальний [spea]вільний змішаний із спеціями; пряний спеціями; із змішаний програми спеціями пристойний [’spoilt] [’spairal] прясти скатертину скатертину простягати(ся); розстилати; 2. тощо) намазувати намазувати розповсюджувати; поширювати, [skwid] [skwid] (змагання) [’speijl] просторовий просторовий [’speijl] [’spaist] [’spaist] ]'sta:ta] ]'sta:ta] [sd :s] :s] [sd [’saoad] кислий [spred] [spred] Iskwea] Iskwea] [’spi:Ji:z] різновид рід,вид; adj. [’spngkl] [’spngkl] [sa'lu:Jnl I'sDftwea]програмне ['spejaltil особливість; фах; особливість; ['spejaltil [’spi.Jas]правдоподібний; [spek'teita] [spek'teita] душа [’spesiman] взірець зразок, (span, spun) spun) (span, [sta:'veijn] [sta:'veijn] штат, штати (розм.) VOCABULARY кр; незабаром скоро; вирішувати, розв’язувати розв’язувати вирішувати, (spoilt, spoilt) spoilt) (spoilt, [’sDfama:] джерело джерело дух квадратний зіпсований; розбещений розбещений зіпсований; наживка наживка (spread, spread) (spread, спіраль спіраль щойно, як тільки тільки як щойно, стартер; учасник учасник стартер; пряний; присмачений присмачений пряний; n. 1 ['saond ,pra'dju:sa] на площі на рішення рзаи кропити бризкати, (масло) помітити, відмічати помітити, . вда; площа; квадрат; глядач оо; голодування голод; амер. (для ловлі риби) (для ловлі (службовців етт, крутити; вертіти, розстилати розстилати псувати студент- студент- 217 PNDIX D PPEN A VOCABULARY 218 APPENDIX statement statement state-financed state-financed still still stew stew steamed stick stick still life life still stock stock stir stomach stomach straight straight store strand strand strait strait strange strange strict strict strengthen strengthen straw stressful stressful stuffing stuffing stuff string strike strike stretch stretch subfolder subfolder subdirectory room stuff substantial substantial subscribe to (periodicals) to subscribe success success smth) doing (in succeed well (badly) stocked stocked (badly) well straight ahead ahead straight [st3i]ворушити(ся); розмішувати [stil] [stil] [stju:] [stju:] [stik] [stik] [sM] набивати; [sM] фарширувати [sto:] [streit] [streit] [strikt] суворий твердження [stDk]запас; асортимент; фінансований державою 2. пропарений приклеювати інвентар (малим)асортиментом 2. [stro:] чужий викидати(ся)на берег зміцнювати [straik] вдаряти; вражати передплачувати(періодичні рівня важливий видання) (у чомусь); (у [strirj]струна [straend] ,tl ’laif] [,stil [stretj]простягатися; тягтися [streind3] [streind3] [streit] [streit] v. [’sUfig]набивка; начинка v. всеще [’sti:md]розпарений; ['sUmak] ['sUmak] [sak'ses] [sak'ses] ['stresfal]стресовий постачати; накопичувати [’steitmant]заява, [sAbfaoida] папка нижчого (stuck, stuck) stuck) (stuck, 1. тушкувати(ся) 1. учительськакімната ['strer)0n] ['strer)0n] солома;соломинка [sab'staenjl] протока n. n. (struck, struck) struck) (struck, [’sAbdarektari] підкаталог палиця, палка; запас; ['steit fai’nasnst] прямо сістина мілину; натюрморт мати успіх успіх незнайомий;дивний; прямовперед шлунок підсилювати(ся); (амер.) істотний, звеликим наклеювати, досягатимети (у чомусь) (у магазин; бити, suit suit suddenly summary summary suffer supply supply supervise suntan surface surface surf support surround surround surgeon surfing survival survival survive survive swirling swirling tackle tackle tag tag tactful take take takeaway takeaway tan tan talkative talkative technique technique technician tease temper temper tendency tendency terrible terrible take away away take exam an take nap a take take care (of) (of) care take take upon oneself responsibility responsibility oneself upon take take up up take [taeg] Itasn] [su:t] [su:t] [s3:fj I'teik] I'teik] 2. годитися, пасувати 2. резюме інший fsAfa] fsAfa] [ti:z] шайбою)] (м’яч); дім братина себе відповідальність (чимось)-, [’taekl] прийоми схильність настрій ['taektfl] [sa'plai] [sa'plai] [’sAntaen] ]'s3:fig] [sa'vaiv] [sa'vaiv] [’s3:fis] [’tempa] [’terabl] ]sa'po:t] [sa'vaivl] [sa'vaivl] v. v. ]'sw3:lig] ]'sw3:lig] ]'s3:d3an]хірург ярлик,етикетка задовольняти; влаштовувати; переходитиз одного сайту на загар,засмага [’ta:kativ] [’ta:kativ] [’sAdnli] підтримувати постачати [’sAmari] [sa'raond] [sa'raond] [’teikawei] [’teikawei] [’tendansi] [’tendansi] [’su:pavaiz] (про готові страви) готові (про (took, taken) taken) (took, дражнити [tek'ni:k] [tek'ni:k] 'ek ’лр] ['teik [tek'nijn] [tek'nijn] терпіти;страждати заволодівати перехоплювати(відбирати) забирати,виносити подрімати серфінг тактовний поверхня 1. братися блокувати жахливий пережити; вижити натура;характер; 1. засмага піклуватися складатиіспит кружляння виживання n. раптом n. короткийвиклад, балакучий постачання; T оточувати техніка;технічні підтримка; технік тенденція; щовідпускається на займатися наглядати брати (до чогось) (до (м’ячем, (гравця) tributary tributary trendy trend turkey turkey tsunami truthful true-to-life touch tornado tolerance tobogganing title title tidy treatment treatment treat transitive trouble trouble trotter trophy transfer trait trade trade toboggan track-and-field track-and-field wave tidal throw thriller threaten threaten threat thorough thickener theory theme give trouble trouble give be in trouble trouble in be keep in touch touch in keep lose touch touch lose [’taitl]заголовок; титул ['taidi]охайний, акуратний [treit] [treit] [tri:t] [tri:t] [treid] [trend] [trend] життєвоправдивий лікувати торгівля легкоатлетичний особливість; властивість 2. спілкування,зв’язок; санях саннийспорт; 2. загрожувати переміщати; передавати втратитизв’язок підтримуватиконтакт [tAtj] ]©rao] [©ret]загроза, погроза [’trota] [Чз:кі] [0i:m] тема[0i:m] [’trendi] [’traofi] ['©iari]теорія [’©rila]трилер, бойовик [ [’tru:0fal] [’tru:0fal] ’tглЬІ [traens’f3:] [to:'neidao]смерч, торнадо . V [tsu:’na:mi] [tsu:’na:mi] ]'©retn] погрожувати, [’tribjotari] [’tribjotari] ]'0лга] ]'0лга] [’tDlarans]терпимість [’traensativ] [’0ikana]згущувач [’triitmant] [’triitmant] характернариса; [ta'bDgan] 1. поводитися, ставитися; 1. (до)торкатися [.taidl 'weiv] припливна хвиля ,r: a ’laif] ta [,tru: заняття,ремесло; професія; напрям;тенденція (з гори) (з (threw, thrown) thrown) (threw, ]біда, проблема, халепа індик рисак; [ta'bDgamg]санний спорт п. втратити контакт, трофей брендовий дотик; контакт, ,re ad ’fi:ld] [,traek and завдаватиклопоту бути в біді ретельний; ґрунтовний підтримуватистосунки, правдивий переносити, цунамі притока (мн.) лікування (грам.) n. реалістичний, v. тобоган, сани; кататися на ніжки перехідний кидати (страва) vote vote volunteer volcanic eruption eruption volcanic venture veal voice voice visual vision virgin view violent violent variety variety value valuable vacancy valley valley tusk tusk turnip turned-up unemployment unemployment tutor universal universal unique user user up used upset upload update unplug unless universe unemployed unemployed underflood [vi:l] [vi:l] [vaot] [tAsk] [’ju:za] [vju: [’tju:ta] [vois] [’vaelju:] 2. справа;ризикований намір; 2. волонтер виверження безробіття [.Ap’set] вивантажити модернізувати всесвітній шалений;лютий незайнятемісце; вакансія роботи, незайнятий [’v3:d3in]діва, дівчина [’vasli] ]'vi3ual] ]'vi3ual] [Чз:пір] [Чз:пір] [’уізп]зір; бачення [an'les] [va'raiati] [va'raiati] I'vaiabnt] I'vaiabnt] [ju'ni:k] [ju'ni:k] U p ’bod] ’bod] p U Up'deit] [лп'рілд] [’ventfa] v. . V (розм.) [’veikansi] [’veikansi] I'vaeljuabl] телятина ] 1.] ['ju:niv3:s] ['ju:niv3:s] ризикувати; відважуватися [,ju:ni'v3:sl] [,ju:ni'v3:sl] [.VDbn'tia] задертий догори, кирпатий ікло голосувати оглядати VOCABU LARY голос споживач; користувач [.Anda'flAd] долина репетитор;наставник п. [.Anim'pbidj [.Anim'pbidj засмучений якщо не вартість;цінність зоровий ріпа вигляд; погляд, думка; унікальний;незвичайний виснажений, зморений [.Anim'pbimant] [.Anim'pbimant] обновляти інформацію; виключати, витикати переслати, 1. різноманітність несамовитий, вулканічне порожнеча; n. V світ,всесвіт; космос цінний и доброволець, ризикована загальний; підтоплювати щоне має 219 PNDIX D PPEN A VOCABULARY 220 APPENDIX weak weak waste waste warning wealth wealth wax weird weird weirdo weirdo website wildlife wildlife whirlwind whirlpool whether whale well-paid warn warn walnut be well-paid well-paid be be a waste of time time of awaste be [wffiks] [worn]попереджати; застерігати [wi:k]слабкий, кволий [wiad] чудернацький заповіднику тварини(птахи, риби) у природі, оплачуваним людина 2. застереження смерч коловорот, вир марнування; відходи; [weil]кит [weist] [weist] [wel©] ['wailriAt] ['wailriAt] [’wiadao] [’waildlaif] [’websait]веб-сайт ['weda] ['weda] ]'wo:mg]попередження, [,wel 'peid] добре оплачуваний ['w3:lpu:l]водоверть, [w3:lwind] [w3:lwind] віск (розм.) багатство 1. v. n. [,wel-'peid]бути добре чи (розм.) волоськийгоріх марнувати, марно витрачати розтрачання; (амер.) W дивний, вихор;ураган, марногаяти час дивакувата жива природа; X-ray X-ray wrestling worldwide worldwide workshop workaholic workaholic wizard wizard word processor processor word wool yachting yachting xylography witness wonder wonder zoom out/in out/in zoom zero [ziarao]нуль [wol]вовна, шерсть ['eks текстовийпроцесор дрібним/крупнимпланом поширенийу всьому світі знати;запитувати себе програма дляроботи з текстом, яхтовийспорт рентгенівськийзнімок ['wizad ]чарівник, чаклун [’wAnda]цікавитися, бажати [’witnas]бути свідком; свідчити I'jDtig] I'jDtig] ['reslig]боротьба ]'w3:kjDp]майстерня геї] [,w3:ld'waid]всесвітній; [,w3:ka'hDhk] [,w3:ka'hDhk] [zai'lDgrafi]ксилографія [zu:m] даватизображення рентгенівське проміння; плаванняна яхті; |'w3:d praosesa] X Y Z трудоголік (спорт.) find grow get forgive forget forecast fly feel give freeze keep hold have hang hide hear fight fall eat drive drink creep cost come choose catch draw do cut buy burn build bring break bend begin hurt go blow bite be hit become beat [flai] [du: [hit[ [bi:] [gao] [foil]...... I [kAt [i:t| I [faind] [fi:l] get] [bai] [bait] h3:t] 3 [h IgivJ...... lhaold] [haid [kDSt] [fait] [hia] [Ьз:п] [bi:t] [ki:p] [haev] [grao] [blau] [bild] ]haeg] [dro: [draiv] [drigk] [brio]...... [bend] [kastj] клт] т л [к | [fa'get] [breik] [bi'gin] [fri:z]...... | kri:p[...... [fe'giv] ...... [ ...... [tju:z] ...... [’fo:ka:st]...... Ьіклт]... л і'к [Ь ] ] ...... kept ...hurt ...held ...hit ...hid ...had ...hung ...grew ...ate ...forgot ...heard ...went ■ •■got ...forgave ...gave ...froze ...forecast ...flew ...found ...fought ...felt ...drove ...drank ...fell ...drew ...did ...crept ...cut ...cost ...came ...chose ...caught ...bought ...burnt ...built ...broke ...brought ...blew ...bit ...bent ...began ...beat ...became ...was hit] [h II [bit] [fell [hid] ]eit]...... [felt) [gDtl...... [ [ [haed] did kAt [h3:t] [flu:]...... [kept] [held] k St| |kD [biltJ...... [wdz], [wdz], be t]...... en [b went] [w [bi:t] [gru:| [geiv] [blu:] [Ьлд] [dru: [fraoz] | [b3:nt| | [faondl |h3:d]...... Idraov] Idraegk] [fs'got] krept [brack] [tjaoz] [fa:t] ...... ] keim ...... [bi'gasn] ...... | [ka:t] [ [ba:t] ...... [fa’geiv]...... bra:t| [b ...... |'fa:ka:st] [bi'keim] ...... | ...... were ...... [ ...... [w3:] ...... eaten ...held ...kept ...hidden ....begun ...given ....been ...hurt ...hit ...fallen -.got -.got ...heard ...had ...hung ...grown ...gone ...forgiven ...cost ...frozen ...forgotten ...forecast ...found ...fought ...felt ...driven ...flown ...bought]bo:t] ...come ...drunk ...crept ...drawn ...done ...cut ...chosen ...caught ...burnt ...built ...brought ...broken ...blown ...bitten ...bent ...become ...beaten IRREGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR hit] [h Ill [felt] [got] [kAt] [haed] h3:t]...... 3 [h held]...... [h [kept]...... |kDSt] [bilt] [bent] [Ьлд]...... [gDn]...... [dAn] | [’givn]...... [’fo:ln]...... ['i:tn] [b3:nt] [flaon] [bi:n] [faond] клт]...... ] т л |к [h3:d] [drAgk] I'bitn]...... e t]...... rep k [graonl...... Iblaon] [’drivnl I’fraozn] ]dro:n] [fa:t]...... ]'hidn]...... Ь’ п] [Ьі’д лп ...... [ka:t[ I'braokan]... ['bi:tn] ’jozn] n z [’tjao ...... ] ['fo:ka:st] Ifa’givn] Ьік т].... і'кл [Ь bro:t] [fa'gDtn]...... __ ...... коштувати ....приходити ....вибирати ....ловити;збагнути ....купувати ....палити,спалювати ....будувати ...... ховати; приховувати ....тримати ....тримати,берегти ....давати ...... ударяти; влучати ....завдатиболю; ....вішати;висіти ....рости ....іти,ходити ...чути ....мати ....одержувати;ставати ....прощати ..боротися заморожувати забувати провіщати; робити літати знаходити відчувати падати їсти везти,їхати пити малювати;тягти робити різати ударити приносити ламати(ся) Дути кусати(ся) згинати(ся) починати(ся) ставати; робитися бити бути; існувати прогноз, прогнозувати повзати 221 PE IX D APPEN 222 ■ IRREGULAR VERBS 1 APPENDIX spend spend spell spin speak speak smell sleep sit sink sing shut seek seek show show shoot shine shake set send see say [глп] run rise make (meik] make ride retell read put pay i:n] [m mean meet meet light light lie ring let lend leave [1з:п] learn [li:d] lead lay [lei] lay [nao] know sell lose [sit] [lai] [let] [set] яяш warn* шпшт Шштш ш [pot] sei] e [s [si:] [sel] [raiz] [pei] [raid] [sirjk] [rig] [spin] [sirj] [jAt] [lait] 1 [lend] [spel] [ri:d] [lu:z] [si:k] [send] [,ri:'tel] [mi:t] [smel] [sli:p] [Jao] [jam] [Ju:t] [li:v] [spend] [spi:k]...... [jeik] ...... smelled,smelt ...... sat ...... m ■ spoke spoke slept sank spun spent spelt showed showed [jDt] shot shook set sold sang sang shut shone rose rang rode read put sent sent sought saw said ran retold paid met [ment] meant made lost [lit] lit let lay lent left learnt [b:nt] learnt e [led] led [leid] laid [nju:] knew sed, [smelt] [smeld], [let] [saet] [sfet] [lei] [pot] [left] r ] n [ra 1Ill 11 bst] s [b [lent] [met] [saold] [so:] [sed] [peid] [jAt] [raoz]...... [sent] [red] [raerj] [raod] [slept] [sagk]...... [spelt] [spAn] sag] g a [s [spent] ...... [ri:'taold] [meid] [spaok] [Jok] [jDn] ...... [so:t] ...... [Jaod] ...... W ...... ...... ■■■■ ...... 1 ■ ** ■■ . ж ...... smelled,smelt ...... sat ...... lost ...... slept slept ridden Щшяш hkn ['{eikan] shaken sold sought sought shone [jDn] shone set sent seen said [глп] run risen [глд] rung put spun spun spent spelt spoken sunk sung shut shown [jDt] shot retold read paid met meant made [lit] lit lain let lent left [l3:nt] learnt e [led] led [leid] laid [naon] known sed, [smelt] [smeld], [let] [set] [left] sat] a [s [pot] [lein] [ 1 DSt ] [lent] [met]....: [saold] [sed] [sent] [peid] [jAt] [slept] [red]...... [spelt] [sArjk] ]'nzn] [si:n]...... [spAn] [satj] ...... освітлювати(ся) [spent] ]ri:'taold] [meid] ['ndn] [ment] [jaon] [so:t] ...... [’spaokan]...... їздити верхи...їздити ...шукати, розшукувати ...шукати, ...бачити ...губити ...лежати ...дозволяти ...позичати поїхати піти, ...залишати; ...показувати ...стріляти світити ...сяяти, ...трясти передавати ...посилати; ...продавати говорити ...сказати, ...бігти ...підніматися ...дзвонити ...переказати ...читати ...класти ...платити ...зустрічати ...робити ...означати ...учити, засвоювати ...учити, ...вести ...класти ...знати ..витрачати (відчувати) ..чути ..спати ..сидіти ..співати ..закривати ..говорити вертіти (ся) запах; нюхати запах; занурювати потопати; тонути, прясти; крутити(ся), прясти; політерах вимовляти поміщати; заходити поміщати; (про сонце) (про (комусь) (гроші) (слово) ped [spred] spread throw [©rao] throw [Qigk] think [tel] tell [ti:tj] teach [teik] take [straik] strike [stik] stick [sti:l] steal [stand] stand wear [wea] wear [weik] wake [swim] swim [swi:p] sweep i win] [w win [wi:p] weep .nasan] .naso] [.Anda'stod] [.Anda'stod] [.Anda'stasnd] understand write [rait] write ї in її і ...... wn [wAn] .....won threw [9ru:]...... thrown [Qraon] [9ru:]...... thrown threw :t] [0o thought [taold] [taold]...... told told ]to:t] [to:t]...... taught taught [’teikan] [tok]...... taken took [stnvk] [stnvk]...... struck struck [sUk] kj...... stuck [sU stuck [’staolan] [staol]...... stolen stole [stud] stood [spred] spread wrote [raot] wrote [wept] wept ]wo:n] [wo:]...... worn wore [waok] woke understood [swasm] swam [swept] swept ...... understood ...... ped [spred] spread rte [’ntn] written [wept] wept [’waokan] woken [©o:t] thought swum [swept] swept [stod] stood o [wAn] won IRREGULARVERBS [ swaiti ...... вигравати, перемагати ...... вигравати, ...... ] ...... писати плакати носити розуміти кидати думати розповідати сказати, навчати брати плавати змітати мести, ударяти колоти встромляти, красти стояти розповсюджувати прокидатися (одяг) 223 PNDIX D PPEN A IF APPENDIX П ідручник для 10 класу загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів. закладів. навчальних загальноосвітніх класу 10 для ідручник П Дизайн і комп’ютернаверсткаіДизайн ианцв ЛбаТра,401 .Троіь вл иоа 10.м. вул.“ЛібраВидавництвоЛипова,Тернопіль,Терра",46001, еоедвн нсесвм сіиінуи України науки і освіти іністерством М Рекомендовано Віддруковано на ПРАТ“Львівськанакнижкова Віддрукованофабрика“Атлас”, Свідоцтво про внесенняреєструпроДержавного до суб’єктів Свідоцтво Художники Редактори . видавничої справи ДК №р.від203922.12.2004видавничої справи ДК вдцв еі К№ 1110від№08.11.2002р. серія ДК Свідоцтво нською мовами м а в о м ю о к ь с їн а р к у а т ю о к ь с й і л г н А мв.ду.ак 18,2.35000прим.Тиражарк. Умовн. друк. Карп’юк Оксана Дмитрівна Карп’юк омт7x0 1/16. Гарнітура70x100Аріал.Формат Англійська мова Англійська Папірофсетний.офсетний. Друк 79005, м. Львів, вул. Зелена,м.Львів,вул.20.79005, я н н а д и в е н ь л а ч в а Н Любомир Бейгер, Інна Малявська Інна Бейгер, Любомир Рівень стандарту Рівень Ігор Миколів, Н аталія Батрин аталія Н Миколів, Ігор а. №366-12.Зам. НБПНУС 791255 нрйКсии, а’н Тераз Мар’яна Костишин, Андрій НБ ПНУС 791255 Навчально-методичний комплект для 10-го класу загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів. Рівень стандарту. аШ ЯгаЛ С. До комплекту входять: • підручник • робочий зошит • аудіододаток • методичний посібник