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Catherine De' Medici: the Crafting of an Evil Legend
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2020 Apr 27th, 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM Catherine de' Medici: The Crafting of an Evil Legend Lindsey J. Donohue Clackamas High School Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, History Commons, and the Italian Language and Literature Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Donohue, Lindsey J., "Catherine de' Medici: The Crafting of an Evil Legend" (2020). Young Historians Conference. 23. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2020/papers/23 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. CATHERINE DE’ MEDICI: THE CRAFTING OF AN EVIL LEGEND Lindsey Donohue Western Civilization February 18, 2020 1 When describing the legend of the evil Italian queen, Catherine de’ Medici, and why Medici has been historically misrepresented, being credited with such malediction and wickedness, N.M Sutherland states that she has been viewed as a, “. .monster of selfish ambition, who sacrificed her children, her adopted country, her principles - if she ever had any - , and all who stood in her way to the satisfaction of her all-consuming desire for power.”1 The legend of the wicked Italian queen held widespread attraction among many, especially after Medici’s death in 1589. The famous legend paints Medici inaccurately by disregarding her achievements as queen regent as well as her constant struggle to administer peace during a time of intense political turmoil and religious feuding, and it assumes that Medici was a victim of circumstance. -
Jeanne D'albret Was the Most Illustrious Woman of Her Time, and Perhaps One of the Most Illustrious Women in All History
Jeanne D’Albret (1528 – 1572) Jeanne d'Albret was the most illustrious woman of her time, and perhaps one of the most illustrious women in all history. She was the only daughter of Margaret of Valois, Queen of Navarre (and sister of King Francois 1st), whose genius Jeanne inherited, and whom she surpassed in her gifts of governing, and in her more consistent attachment to the Reformation. Her first husband Germany’s Duke of Cleves, to whom she was forced to wed at the age of 12 in 1541, no more consummated the marriage than placing his foot in her bed. Her fine intellect, elevated soul, and deep piety were unequally yoked with Anthony de Bourbon, her second husband in 1549, a man of humane dispositions, but of low tastes, indolent habits, and of paltry character. His marriage with Jeanne d'Albret brought him the title of King of Arragon, whose usurpation was confirmed by Pope Julius II, so King of Navarre; but his wife was a woman of too much sense, and her dominions were restricted to that portion of the ancient Navarre cherished too enlightened a regard for the welfare of her subjects, to which lay on the French side of the Pyrenees. give him more than the title. She took care not to entrust him with the reins of government. "Unstable as water," he spent his life in traveling In 1560, we have said, Jeanne d'Albret made open profession of the between the two camps, the Protestant and the Popish, unable long Protestant faith. In 1563 came her famous edict, dated from her to adhere to either, and heartily despised by both. -
Charles IX (R
ATROCITY AND RELIGION IN EUROPEAN MEMORY How to Survive a Massacre in Europe’s Wars of Religion Alec Ryrie The Dutch Revolt, or Eighty Years’ War • ‘Wonderyear’, summer 1566 • Repression under the duke of Alba, 1566-72 • The ‘Beggar’ fleet seizes Den Briel, 1572: open revolt begins • Sack of Antwerp, 1576 • Twelve Years’ True, 1609-21 • Peace of Westphalia establishes Dutch independence, 1648 The French Wars of Religion • Protestant (Huguenot) surge, 1560-2 • Charles IX (r. 1560-74) and Queen Mother Catherine de Medici attempt compromise • The duke of Guise leads the hardline Catholic party The massacre at Vassy, 1 March 1562 The French Wars of Religion • Protestant (Huguenot) surge, 1560-2 • Charles IX (r. 1560-74) and Queen Mother Catherine de Medici attempt compromise • The duke of Guise leads the hardline Catholic party • Intermittent warfare 1562-95 The French Wars of Religion • Protestant (Huguenot) surge, 1560-2 • Charles IX (r. 1560-74) and Queen Mother Catherine de Medici attempt compromise • The duke of Guise leads the hardline Catholic party • Intermittent warfare 1562-95 • Edict of Nantes provided limited rights for Protestants, 1598 Braunschweig cathedral interior, 1941 The siege of Leiden, 1573-4 Bones, chewed first by the dogs, were sucked dry by boys, and when a piece of meat fell on the floor at the place where they handed out the meat, they leaped at it and wolfed it down raw. The blood was scooped out of the gutters and slurped down. Pieter Cornelisz Hooft, Nederlandsche Historien (1642) The French crisis • 1570: Peace of Saint-Germain ends the third religious war • 18 August 1572: marriage between Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois, Notre Dame de Paris, • 22 August: failed assassination of Gaspard de Coligny: duke of Guise implicated • 23 August: crisis meetings • 24 August (St Bartholomew’s Day), early morning: murder of Coligny: ‘le roi le veult’ .. -
Eleanor and the Angevin Empire
Eleanor and the Angevin Empire History Lesson 2 of an enquiry of 4 lessons Enquiry: What can the life of Eleanor of Aquitaine tell us about who held power in the Middle Ages? Ms Barnett Mr Arscott 1152 Eleanor’s marriage to King Louis VII of France ended in 1152. Once the couple had separated Eleanor returned to Aquitaine to rule as Duchess. Aged 28, Eleanor once again became a desired bride in Europe. She was single, young enough to have more children and in charge of a powerful and rich area of southern France. Eleanor was so desirable as a bride that two men tried to kidnap her on her journey from Paris to Aquitaine. Eleanor managed to avoid capture. Instead she focused on entering into marriage in a more traditional way. 8 weeks and 2 days after her separation from Louis, Eleanor married once again. Eleanor and Henry Eleanor’s second husband was 19 year old Henry. He was Duke of Normandy as well as the Count of Anjou and Maine. This marriage was controversial at the time. Firstly Henry was 9 years younger than Eleanor. Traditionally in the Middle Ages older men married younger women, not the other way round! Also, Eleanor’s second marriage happened only 8 weeks after her separation from King Louis. A chronicle from the time said that Eleanor and Henry married “without the pomp and ceremony that befitted their rank.” It wasn’t a big ceremony and didn’t reflect their wealth and importance. Why was this wedding arranged so quickly? Increased territories It is possible the wedding took place quickly because Henry was seen as a controversial choice. -
Eleanor of Aquitaine and 12Th Century Anglo-Norman Literary Milieu
THE QUEEN OF TROUBADOURS GOES TO ENGLAND: ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE AND 12TH CENTURY ANGLO-NORMAN LITERARY MILIEU EUGENIO M. OLIVARES MERINO Universidad de Jaén The purpose of the present paper is to cast some light on the role played by Eleanor of Aquitaine in the development of Anglo-Norman literature at the time when she was Queen of England (1155-1204). Although her importance in the growth of courtly love literature in France has been sufficiently stated, little attention has been paid to her patronising activities in England. My contribution provides a new portrait of the Queen of Troubadours, also as a promoter of Anglo-Norman literature: many were the authors, both French and English, who might have written under her royal patronage during the second half of the 12th century. Starting with Rita Lejeune’s seminal work (1954) on the Queen’s literary role, I have gathered scattered information from different sources: approaches to Anglo-Norman literature, Eleanor’s biographies and studies in Arthurian Romance. Nevertheless, mine is not a mere systematization of available data, for both in the light of new discoveries and by contrasting existing information, I have enlarged agreed conclusions and proposed new topics for research and discussion. The year 2004 marked the 800th anniversary of Eleanor of Aquitaine’s death. An exhibition was held at the Abbey of Fontevraud (France), and a long list of books has been published (or re-edited) about the most famous queen of the Middle Ages during these last six years. 1 Starting with R. Lejeune’s seminal work (1954) on 1. -
The Fall of Anne Boleyn (Queen of England Series) Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE LADY IN THE TOWER : THE FALL OF ANNE BOLEYN (QUEEN OF ENGLAND SERIES) PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Alison Weir | 544 pages | 03 Jun 2010 | Vintage Publishing | 9780712640176 | English | London, United Kingdom The Lady In The Tower : The Fall of Anne Boleyn (Queen of England Series) PDF Book Yes, there was quite a lot of talk on Twitter re it no being a discovery or new news. Although, not everyone views Anne in the same way that she does! Cheeky plug now! At the Smithsonian Visit. This book isn't about Anne's whole life, just the end However, Henry apparently had made arrangements well in advance and the warrant book showed the scary details kept by Cromwell and the King. Yet he turned away. Henry had Elizabeth brought to Court and paraded at Mass and many entertainments, the grandest of which was a tournament. Catherine of Aragon. All very sad, still, and it is so offensive to our modern senses. Writing Workshops. This was extra fascinating because I was at Hever Castle only last Sunday. For Anne, there was one final indignity. Nobody is her equal but as a peer they can judge her. Two versions of her horrific execution followed but both agree that poor Margaret received many blows of the axe before her suffering was over. They perform functions like preventing the same content from reappearing, ensuring ads are displayed and, in some cases, selecting content based on your interests. Did Cromwell, for reasons of his own, construct a case against Anne and her faction, and then present compelling evidence before the King? I have now seen the Tracy Borman series. -
Heroes of Modern Europe
Conditions and Terms of Use TABLE OF CONTENTS Copyright © Heritage History 2010 Some rights reserved THE TWO SWORDS—PAPACY AND EMPIRE ..................................... 3 This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history DANTE—THE DIVINE POET .............................................................. 7 books, and to the promotion of the works of traditional history authors. LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT......................................................... 13 The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public domain and are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may SAVONAROLA—THE PRIOR OF SAN MARCO ................................. 17 therefore be reproduced within the United States without paying a royalty to the author. MARTIN LUTHER—REFORMER OF THE CHURCH ......................... 22 The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, CHARLES V—HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR ........................................ 27 however, are the property of Heritage History and are subject to certain restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the THE BEGGARS OF THE SEA ............................................................. 32 integrity of the work, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure WILLIAM THE SILENT—FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY ...................... 38 that compromised versions of the work are not widely disseminated. In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this -
Ann-Kathrin Deininger and Jasmin Leuchtenberg
STRATEGIC IMAGINATIONS Women and the Gender of Sovereignty in European Culture STRATEGIC IMAGINATIONS WOMEN AND THE GENDER OF SOVEREIGNTY IN EUROPEAN CULTURE EDITED BY ANKE GILLEIR AND AUDE DEFURNE Leuven University Press This book was published with the support of KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access Published in 2020 by Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven. Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium). Selection and editorial matter © Anke Gilleir and Aude Defurne, 2020 Individual chapters © The respective authors, 2020 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative 4.0 Licence. Attribution should include the following information: Anke Gilleir and Aude Defurne (eds.), Strategic Imaginations: Women and the Gender of Sovereignty in European Culture. Leuven, Leuven University Press. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ISBN 978 94 6270 247 9 (Paperback) ISBN 978 94 6166 350 4 (ePDF) ISBN 978 94 6166 351 1 (ePUB) https://doi.org/10.11116/9789461663504 D/2020/1869/55 NUR: 694 Layout: Coco Bookmedia, Amersfoort Cover design: Daniel Benneworth-Gray Cover illustration: Marcel Dzama The queen [La reina], 2011 Polyester resin, fiberglass, plaster, steel, and motor 104 1/2 x 38 inches 265.4 x 96.5 cm © Marcel Dzama. Courtesy the artist and David Zwirner TABLE OF CONTENTS ON GENDER, SOVEREIGNTY AND IMAGINATION 7 An Introduction Anke Gilleir PART 1: REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE SOVEREIGNTY 27 CAMILLA AND CANDACIS 29 Literary Imaginations of Female Sovereignty in German Romances -
Download a Pdf File of This Issue for Free
Issue 71: The French Huguenots and the Wars of Religion Huguenots and the Wars of Religion: Did You Know? Interesting & unusual facts about the Huguenots—and their enemies. Hu-gue-what? No one knows for sure how French Protestants got the nickname "Huguenots" (pronounced HYU-ghe- nahts in America, HYU-ghe-nos in Britain). One theory proposes that the word was derived from German Eldgenosen, "oath fellows," which was used to describe a Genevan political movement. Or perhaps a leader of that movement, Besancon Hughes, lent his name to the group. Scholar Janet Gray, however, supports a more colorful—and philologically sound—theory. In Tours, an early Protestant stronghold, a spirit called King Huguon was believed to haunt one of the city's gates at night. Protestants held their illegal religious services near the same gate after dark. According to a manuscript from 1566, "The one who derived Huguenot from Huguon was a monk who, in a sermon reproaching the Lutherans, as those who met at night were called, said that it was necessary henceforth to call them Huguenots because they went out at night like him." Creed-crossed lovers The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre began soon after Protestant Henri of Navarre wed Catholic Marguerite of Valois. More than 400 years later, the prospect of a cross-confessional marriage once again sent shudders through the upper echelons of French society. In the summer of 2001, Chartres Cathedral was booked for the wedding of Duchess Tatjana d'Oldenbourg, a Protestant German aristocrat, and Jean d'Orléans, a Catholic noble who would be in line for the French crown if that country ever reinstituted its monarchy. -
54 Abd Al-Rahman III (912–61)
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-60397-3 - A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire: From Beginnings to 1807, Volume I: Portugal A. R. Disney Index More information Index Abbasids, the 54 encourages trade 110 Abd al-Aziz 51, 53 Afonso V (1438–81) 128, 141, 158, 170 Abd al-Rahman I (756–88) 54 attains majority 129 Abd al-Rahman III (912–61) 54, 61, 68 crushes ex-regent Prince Pedro 130 Abrantes 80, 101 generous grants to nobility 132, 135 Abrantes, marquis of 272, 332 invades Castile 133 absolutism 239, 242, 250, 264–268 nurtures leading nobility 128 Academia Real das Cieˆncias 318 patronises education and learning 163, Academia Real de Histo´ria see Royal 164 Academy of History, the unusually long reign 131–133 academies 277, 278, 317 Afonso VI (1656-68) Acapulco 206, 209 and Castelo Melhor 229, 232 Achila 52 conspiracy to restore 233 acorns 14 and the cortes 240 administration see royal government marriage 231–233 Adoptionism 64 physical and mental handicaps 228 Aegean colonists 8 relinquishes power to Prince Pedro 232 Aeminium 24 see also Coimbra Afonso (bastard son of Joa˜oI) Afonso I Henriques (count 1128-43; king as count of Barcelos 128 1143–85) 73, 82, 85, 88, 90, 91 as duke of Braganc¸a129, 131 achieves autonomy 74–75 exempted from Lei Mental 128 and Augustinian canons 89 generous grants to 132 captured by Fernando II 78 opposition to regent Prince Pedro 130 and the church 88 Afonso (son of Joa˜o II) 135, 136, 143 delegates responsibility to son Sancho marriage and death of 136 78 Afonso (son of Manuel I) 159 expands -
And the Fifth- Bestselling Historian Overall) in the United Kingdom, and Has Sold Over 2.7 Million Books Worldwide
is the top-selling female historian (and the fifth- bestselling historian overall) in the United Kingdom, and has sold over 2.7 million books worldwide. She has published seventeen history books, including The Six Wives of Henry VIII, The Princes in the Tower, Elizabeth the Queen, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry VIII: King and Court, Katherine Swynford, The Lady in the Tower and Elizabeth of York. Alison has also published six historical novels, including Innocent Traitor and The Lady Elizabeth. Her latest biography is The Lost Tudor Princess, about Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox. Anne Boleyn: A King’s Obsession is the second in her series of novels about the wives of Henry VIII, which began with the Sunday Times bestseller Katherine of Aragon: Untitled-3 1 07/11/2016 14:55 The True Queen. Alison is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences and an Honorary Life Patron of Historic Royal Palaces, and is married with two adult children. By Alison Weir The Six Tudor Queens series Katherine of Aragon: The True Queen Anne Boleyn: A King’s Obsession Six Tudor Queens Digital Shorts Writing a New Story Arthur: Prince of the Roses The Blackened Heart Fiction Innocent Traitor The Lady Elizabeth The Captive Queen A Dangerous Inheritance The Marriage Game Quick Reads Traitors of the Tower Non-fiction Britain’s Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy The Six Wives of Henry VIII The Princes in the Tower Lancaster and York: The Wars of the Roses Children of England: The Heirs of King Henry VIII 1547–1558 Elizabeth the Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine -
The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre, Vol. 1
THE HUGUENOTS aND Henry of Navarre by HENRY MTBAIRD PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OP THE CITY OP NEW YORK ; AUTHOR OP THE HISTORY OP THE RISE OF THE HUGUENOTS OF FRANCE WITH MAPS VOL. I. NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1886 THE HUGUENOTS AND HENRY OF NAVARRE Copyright, 188«, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS PREFACE. In the History of the Rise of the Huguenots I attempted to trace the progress of the Protestant party in France from the feeble and obscure beginnings of the Reformation to the close of the reign of Charles the Ninth ; when, by reason of heroic struggles, and of the fortitude wherewith persecution and treach ery had been endured, the Huguenots had gained an enviable place in the respect and admiration of Christendom. In the present work I have undertaken to portray the subsequent fort unes of the same valiant people, through a period not less critical and not less replete with varied and exciting incident, down to the formal recognition of their inalienable rights of conscience in a fundamental law of the kingdom, declared to be perpetual and irrevocable. As the Massacre of St. Bartholo mew's Day constituted the most thrilling occurrence related in the former volumes, so in the volumes now offered to the public the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes is the event toward which the action throughout tends, and in relation to which even transactions of little weight in themselves assume importance. A conflict persistently maintained in vindication of an essential principle of morals is always a noble subject of contemplation.