Beyond Survival: Protecting and Empowering Children and Youth
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BEYOND SURVIVAL: PROTECTING AND EMPOWERING CHILDREN AND YOUTH Report of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development Dean Allison Chair JUNE 2015 41st PARLIAMENT, SECOND SESSION Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. Reproduction or use outside this permission or without authorization may be treated as copyright infringement in accordance with the Copyright Act. Authorization may be obtained on written application to the Office of the Speaker of the House of Commons. Reproduction in accordance with this permission does not constitute publication under the authority of the House of Commons. 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Also available on the Parliament of Canada Web Site at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca BEYOND SURVIVAL: PROTECTING AND EMPOWERING CHILDREN AND YOUTH Report of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development Dean Allison Chair JUNE 2015 41st PARLIAMENT, SECOND SESSION STANDING COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CHAIR Dean Allison VICE-CHAIRS Paul Dewar Marc Garneau MEMBERS Lois Brown Romeo Saganash Peter Goldring Gary Ralph Schellenberger Hon. Laurie Hawn Bernard Trottier Hélène Laverdière OTHER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT WHO PARTICIPATED David Anderson Nina Grewal CLERKS OF THE COMMITTEE Joann Garbig Caroline Massicotte Miriam Burke LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT Parliamentary Information and Research Service Allison Goody Brian Hermon iii THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT has the honour to present its THIRTEENTH REPORT Pursuant to its mandate under Standing Order 108(2) the Committee has studied the protection of children and youth in developing countries and has agreed to report the following: v TABLE OF CONTENTS BEYOND SURVIVAL: PROTECTING AND EMPOWERING CHILDREN AND YOUTH ................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 A. The Committee’s Study .................................................................................... 1 B. Overview .......................................................................................................... 1 SETTING THE CONTEXT ......................................................................................... 2 A. The International Framework ........................................................................... 2 B. Surviving and Thriving ...................................................................................... 6 SEIZING THE MOMENT AT THIS CRITICAL JUNCTURE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH .............................................................................................................. 9 A. The Post-2015 Development Agenda .............................................................. 9 B. A Leadership Role for Canada ....................................................................... 13 BEGINNING AT THE BEGINNING .......................................................................... 15 BREAKING THE CYCLE OF VIOLENCE, POVERTY AND EXCLUSION ............... 19 ENDING CHILD MARRIAGE ................................................................................... 24 PRIORITIZING PROTECTION IN EMERGENCIES ................................................ 30 REACHING AND EMPOWERING YOUTH .............................................................. 33 SUSTAINING LOCAL CAPACITY ........................................................................... 40 EMBRACING INNOVATION AND DATA ................................................................. 44 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 48 APPENDIX A: LIST OF WITNESSES ........................................................................... 53 APPENDIX B: LIST OF BRIEFS ................................................................................... 57 REQUEST FOR GOVERNMENT RESPONSE ............................................................. 59 SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF THE NEW DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF CANADA ................................................................................................................ 61 SUPPLEMENTARY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE LIBERAL PARTY OF CANADA ................................................................................................................. 63 vii BEYOND SURVIVAL: PROTECTING AND EMPOWERING CHILDREN AND YOUTH INTRODUCTION A. The Committee’s Study The House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (the Committee) studied the situation of children and youth in the developing world, and the role that Canada can play in the protection of children and youth, with a focus on bringing an end to harmful practices.1 The Committee heard from a range of witnesses, including Canada’s Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (DFATD), civil society and community organizations, experts and representatives of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Testimony addressed a range of development challenges facing children and youth from a variety of perspectives. B. Overview Throughout its study, heart-breaking examples of suffering and lost potential were brought to the Committee’s attention. Testimony drew attention to the numerous vulnerable children and youth around the world whose rights are violated and who are, for example, trapped in the violence of armed conflict, who are pulled out of school and forced into early marriages, and who die from preventable causes – in other words, from something that the world knows how to cure or to fix. At the same time, the Committee heard from a number of organizations and individuals who are working to overcome these protection and development challenges and to build a better future for the world’s children and youth. The protection of children and youth is central to this report. But the report will also argue that protection is not, in itself, the end goal. It is a necessary condition that enables children and youth to participate fully in their societies and to benefit from development gains. In the same way, while ensuring that children live to see their fifth birthday is the essential starting point, it is not, on its own, enough. These children must have a future to live for: a life of their choosing that does not lead to isolation and neglect or result in their being trafficked, forced to do degrading and dangerous work or denied vital health care and other services. Children and youth have the right to an environment that allows them to reach their full potential, something that requires freedom from violence, exploitation and abuse. Indeed, the central message from the Committee’s study was the need for a development approach that aims to ensure, as the end goal, that children and youth are able not just to survive but to thrive. 1 House of Commons, Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (FAAE), Minutes of Proceedings, 2nd Session, 41st Parliament, 9 April 2014. 1 This report is not intended as a definitive prescription for child protection and well-being. The Committee recognizes that its study touched on issues that are as vast in scope as they are complex in detail and that are the subject of extensive work – involving years of initiatives, experimentation and learning – by practitioners in the field. Rather, the sections that follow make the case for an approach to child protection and well-being that is integrated across Canada’s policies for international development, diplomacy, trade and humanitarian relief. The report begins with a brief overview of the international framework for children’s human rights and development, as well as progress recorded to date and implementation gaps that remain. It then explains why the year 2015 is a critical juncture for children and youth as negotiations are nearing conclusion on the new framework that will guide the world’s development efforts for years to come. Moving from this backdrop, the remainder of the report is organized around thematic chapters, which, taken together, form a set of priorities for action on child protection. The first thematic chapter addresses the importance of the “first 1,000 days,” a period that has a tremendous