LEADERSHIP FOR THE AMERICAS

2019–2020 REPORT The Inter-American Dialogue engages our network of global leaders to foster democratic governance, prosperity, and social equity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Together, we work to shape policy debate, devise solutions, and enhance cooperation within the Western Hemisphere.

COVER PHOTO: Santiago, Chile - September 2020. Photo by José Tomás Donoso Krauss. Senator Tim Kaine (D-VA) gives remarks at the opening reception for the Linowitz Forum at the Colombian Embassy Residence on June 27, 2019.

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MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

Dear Friends,

2019 and 2020 were among the most tumultuous two years in recent memory At a time when countries are turning inward, cooperation and collaboration in the Americas. At the end of 2019, street protests roiled cities around the are more crucial than ever. The recovery will be long and difficult, but it is in world. Latin America and the Caribbean experienced high levels of social this challenge that the Dialogue sees a great opportunity to do things better. upheaval. Political crises and mass street mobilizations broke out in Haiti, We can work to rebuild systems that focus on the most vulnerable, prioritize Honduras, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, and elsewhere. The region-wide health and education, and reinvigorate multilateralism. The Dialogue is well turmoil stemmed from distinct causes, reflecting an array of persistent positioned to make a significant difference and have a strong impact. For problems, more salient in some countries than others: economic stagnation, almost four decades, we have worked tirelessly to strengthen democratic precarious social mobility, inequality, politicized judiciaries, corruption, crime, practices and the rule of law and improve the plight of marginalized peoples and in a few cases, authoritarian rule. Failure to address these problems — and­ in the region. to fulfill promises that had been made­ — deepened discontent and further I am pleased and proud to present just a few of our accomplishments during eroded the legitimacy of many governments in the eyes of their citizens. 2019 and 2020. Our Venezuela Working Group identified and advanced In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic upended all of our lives, affecting healthcare solutions to the country’s political and humanitarian crises, the most acute in systems, financial markets, economies, politics, and social well-being. the Americas. Our Working Group on Technology and Innovation in Education The nations of Latin America and the Caribbean were hit particularly hard, developed an agenda focused on quality learning experiences, effective experiencing a disproportionate share of Covid-19 infections and deaths. The teaching, and efficient management. That 154 million children in Latin America pandemic laid bare the structural challenges facing these countries: weak and the Caribbean were suddenly unable to attend school because of the healthcare systems, profound social inequality, and massive job informality. Covid-19 pandemic made the group’s efforts even more urgent. Through Much of the progress in development goals achieved in recent years risks partnerships with financial institutions, remittance companies, and diaspora being reversed. groups, the Dialogue has developed programs to build assets, promote investment in social capital, and strengthen the knowledge economy in In the United States, the unconscionable murder of George Floyd in May 2020 Guatemala. With our China–Latin America Finance Database, we remain was yet another wake-up call about the systemic problems, such as deep- among the few institutions disseminating credible data on Chinese finance seated racial injustice, that persist in the United States. The tragic incident in Latin America and the Caribbean. By digging beyond the headlines and sparked nation-wide protests, an expression of civic participation and outrage analyzing the reasons for deforestation across the Amazon region, the over legitimate, long-standing grievances. In some cases, mostly peaceful Dialogue has heightened public understanding and clarified policy choices protests were met with repression, excessive use of force, and militarization about what is possibly the region’s overriding environmental challenge. of public security. Such responses alarmed citizens of democratic conviction, sparking unrest in the United States and worldwide. I would like to thank the Dialogue’s staff for their superb job, innovative thinking, and valuable contributions. Their resourcefulness, passion, The abdication of US leadership regarding the pandemic in Latin America openness, generosity of spirit, sense of common purpose, and rigor keep us revealed the fundamental indifference of the Trump administration toward moving forward. I am also very grateful to our dedicated Board of Directors, the region. The damage to US–Latin American relations will not be quickly or our distinguished members, and the many donors and supporters who make easily repaired. Although it is not clear what the new Biden-led Democratic our work possible. US administration will mean for Latin America policy, a shift toward greater cooperation and multilateralism is likely. One can also expect greater With deep gratitude and warmest regards, emphasis on human rights and democracy, which will be seen not only as values that need to be fostered, but also as a US national interest.

Michael Shifter BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

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MESSAGE FROM THE CO-CHAIRS

Dear Friends,

It is with great pleasure that we present this report of the Inter-American Dialogue’s work and accomplishments in 2019 and 2020.

It has been a distinct honor to preside over such a demanding, creative, and productive period in the Dialogue’s history.

This past year posed unprecedented challenges for the world, the hemisphere, and the Dialogue. Our staff has proven to be resilient, resourceful, and imaginative as the Dialogue successfully pivoted to the new circumstances, providing relevant and informed analysis on the impact of the pandemic in the region — while continuing superb work across the many fields of our common endeavor.

We thank each of our supporters for recognizing the Dialogue’s valuable contributions to hemispheric affairs. In the years ahead, inter-American relations will face many challenges­ — along with opportunities for further Michael Shifter, President of the Inter-American Dialogue, progress. As the Dialogue looks forward, we must focus on how to with Laura Chinchilla and Tom Shannon, co-chairs of the Dialogue’s Board of Directors, during the book launch for make our efforts stronger and more effective within a rapidly changing Unfulfilled Promises: Latin America Today on March 5, 2019. global environment.

We hope we can count on your continued engagement to ensure that the Dialogue is able to fruitfully carry out its mission, which is now more crucial than ever.

With our thanks and best regards,

Laura Chinchilla Thomas A. Shannon, Jr.

3 PROGRAMS PROJECTS

PETER D. BELL RULE OF LAW GLOBAL TRENDS & FUTURE SCENARIOS Sustaining Democracy in Exploring Future Trends Challenging Times GENDER RIGHTS EDUCATION Championing Human Rights Building an Ecosystem for Education Innovation COMMITMENT TO EQUITY Reducing Inequality Worldwide MIGRATION, REMITTANCES & DEVELOPMENT Sustained Commitment to DIALOGUES ON THE HILL Inclusive Development Highlighting Regional Issues

ASIA & LATIN AMERICA WORKING GROUP ON LATIN AMERICA Informing Trans-Pacific Policy Guiding Policy Cooperation

ENERGY, CLIMATE CHANGE & EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES Confronting Climate Change OUTREACH & Covid-19 LEADERSHIP FOR THE AMERICAS AWARDS GALA

CORPORATE PROGRAM CAF CONFERENCE Advancing the Mission PRESIDENTIAL SUMMIT SOL M. LINOWITZ FORUM PRESIDENT’S LEADERSHIP COUNCIL PROGRAMS PROJECTS

5 PETER D. BELL RULE OF LAW

SUSTAINING DEMOCRACY IN CHALLENGING TIMES

Photo Credit: www.jpereira.net, [email protected], Creative Commons BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

6 Access to information, public participation, and an inclusive response are essential to the overall efforts to combat Covid-19. This is a time when, more than ever, governments need to be open and transparent, responsive, and accountable to the people they are seeking to protect.

—MICHELLE BACHELET UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, speaking at an Inter-American Dialogue webinar on April 29, 2020. Photo: Suzanne Plunkett

DEMOCRACY REMAINS THE RULE rather such as endemic corruption, police reform, and than the exception in the Americas, but the crisis in Venezuela, as well as emerging authoritarian strongmen, illiberal populists, challenges such as disinformation and and the corruption and unmet expectations democratic backsliding in the context of the that erode citizens’ faith in their governments Covid-19 pandemic. In media appearances, are increasingly threatening democratic congressional testimony, and public fora, governance. Against this complex backdrop, program experts analyze critical developments the Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Program in hemispheric relations, and the program’s identifies challenges, seizes opportunities, wide-ranging events, expert discussions, and and develops solutions to strengthen collaborations with policymakers, civil society democracy, human rights, transparency, groups, international organizations, and the and citizen security in the Americas. private sector underscore its value as a respected convening ground and an The program’s research, analysis, and policy indispensable resource.

recommendations address ongoing challenges PROGRAMS | PETER OF LAW D. BELL RULE

7 ADDRESSING THE VENEZUELAN CRISIS

Venezuela is confronting the Americas’ to advance concrete outcomes, and produced most acute crisis in at least a generation. Its three influential reports on Venezuela’s economic freefall is a humanitarian catastrophe institutional, humanitarian, and refugee crises for millions of Venezuelans, with increasingly and the role of the international community in tangible consequences for the broader region, addressing these crises. and its growing consolidation as an autocratic state is a serious challenge to hemispheric The working group’s powerful advocacy for guarantees of democracy and human rights, effective regional burden sharing in response with tragic consequences for Venezuelans to Venezuelan migration, its rejection of a victimized by a regime responsible for crimes military solution to the country’s challenges, against humanity. The scale and consequences its nuanced analysis of sanctions policy and of the Venezuelan crisis demand a sharp, incentives for negotiation, and its insistence on sustained focus, but the path forward­ — for the search for a political solution in Venezuela Venezuela and for other governments in the remain touchstones of the Dialogue’s work on region­ — is as uncertain as ever. Venezuela. The Peter D. Bell Program uses this framework as part of its ongoing efforts to In this challenging context, the Dialogue’s shape and inform policy, from the pages of the Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Program convened a New York Times to the halls of the US Congress, standing Venezuela Working Group to identify and it continues to inspire the program’s work and advance solutions to the Venezuela crisis. on innovative responses to stubborn problems, Comprising top-tier hemispheric policymakers including a groundbreaking proposal for and analysts and co-chaired by former Costa repatriating the proceeds of Venezuelan Rican President Laura Chinchilla and former corruption to address the country’s UPPER RIGHT: Venezuelan refugees US Ambassador Donna Hrinak, the working humanitarian emergency. in Boa Vista, Brazil group met with senior government and Photo Credit: Marcelo Camargo, Agência Brasil, CC BY 3.0 BR multilateral officials, employed its good offices BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

8 in Latin America and the Caribbean andthe America in Latin over Time Democracy with Satisfaction 10 20 30 40 50 60 Nashville, TN: Latin American PublicOpinionProject. American Latin TN: Nashville, 2019.PulseofDemocracy. Zechmeister, editors. J., andNoam Lupu, Source: Elizabeth 0 52.3% 2004 49.6% 2006 keynote session of the 23rd Annual CAF Conference on September 4,2019. onSeptember Conference AnnualCAF 23rd ofthe keynote session at the speaking Policy for ofDefense Under US Secretary Former FLOURNOY —MICHÈLE is. whattruth know help make we decisionswhere don’t andto votes, view, tohave tocast an informed publics rely ontheir that societies democratic for dangerous isparticularly that We begoing intoanera could 52.4% 2008 58.7% 2010 57.8% 2012 53.4% 2014

2016/17 40.8% 2018/19 39.6%

9 PROGRAMS | PETER D. BELL RULE OF LAW EDUCATION

BUILDING AN ECOSYSTEM FOR EDUCATION INNOVATION BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

10 The Covid-19 pandemic has shown us the need to incorporate technology into our country’s education strategy.

—GISELLE CRUZ MADURO Costa Rica’s Minister of Education, speaking at an Inter-American Dialogue Working Group on Technology and Innovation in Education on June 25, 2020.

FROM A CHILD’S FIRST INTERACTION with the progress and gaps at the national level. It also education system upon entering preschool works to improve the quality of teaching to the time that they begin university or through the Latin American Coalition for technical school in preparation for joining Teaching Excellence, which has produced a the workforce, the Dialogue’s work on series of recommendations centered on education examines almost every step in initial teacher education, school leadership, a student’s education journey. professional development, and career ladders. We continue to pursue an ambitious agenda By taking a thematic approach, the Education focused on English language learning, Program is able to think expansively about including the publication of a report focused the challenges confronting the region’s on teachers, a second regional policy forum, education systems without being constrained and a forthcoming report on English for by traditional paradigms. The Dialogue has employment. The Education Program has also been at the forefront of creating a regional analyzed skills development from various agenda on early childhood development, angles, including apprenticeships and short- publishing reports to monitor and identify term educational exchange programs. PROGRAMS | EDUCATION

11 HONDURAS NICARAGUA MEXICO 32% 32% 69% DOMINICAN REP. 55% GUATEMALA 28%

COSTA RICA 96%

PANAMA COLOMBIA 62% 93% ECUADOR 71%

PERU BRAZIL Percentage of 71% 96% Students with Access to Internet

AVERAGE FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: PARAGUAY 66% 24%

CHILE 97% URUGUAY 99% ARGENTINA 72%

ACCESS TO INTERNET

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 0 50 100 Source: CIMA, BID, 2013

12 COVID-19, EDUCATION, AND TECHNOLOGY

The Covid-19 pandemic has presented generate and implement new solutions. unprecedented challenges for teachers, Recognizing the pressing reality of the global students, and parents in Latin America and the pandemic, the working group was able to Caribbean. With 154 million children suddenly adjust its agenda to address in real time the unable to attend school, education systems effect of the coronavirus on learning and the have been forced to adjust rapidly to a role that technology can play in connecting demanding, unpredictable new reality. Since students and teachers, supporting families and early 2019, when the Education Program first communities, and building sustainable systems convened the Working Group on Technology and infrastructure for distance learning. In and Innovation in Education, the questions and particular, the working group has produced a challenges set forth in the group’s mandate series of reports on lessons learned from the have only become more urgent. immediate response to the pandemic, the potential effect of blended learning — especially­ In four meetings held over the course of nearly using first-generation technologies such as two years, the working group has developed radio and television­ — and how technology can and deepened an agenda focusing on quality support innovation in teacher practices. By learning experiences, effective teaching, and engaging ministry officials, academic experts, efficient management. In each of these areas, private companies, and non-profit leaders, the technology has an important role to play in working group’s recommendations are shared creating an ecosystem for educational directly with key actors and focus on practical, innovation in which actors from the public real-world solutions. and private sectors collaborate effectively to PROGRAMS | EDUCATION

13 MIGRATION, REMITTANCES & DEVELOPMENT

SUSTAINED COMMITMENT TO INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

14 MIGRATION FROM LATIN AMERICA AND THE shed light on the mechanisms used to send CARIBBEAN is increasingly connected with money to Venezuela despite restrictive state fragility, instability, and economic currency regulations. The program also decline, with Central America, Haiti, and expanded its work on digital payment Venezuela having the largest outflows in the platforms, which show great promise as a tool region. The economic fallout from Covid-19 is for financial inclusion. In partnership with expected to aggravate this situation, along with AirPak in Nicaragua, the program advanced the the rise of restrictive approaches to managing use of mobile wallets among remittance immigration. Remittances are an important recipients while focusing its financial source of income for these countries, and the education approach on building economic continued flow of remittances to the region resilience in the context of Covid-19. since the onset of Covid-19 has helped mitigate some of the worst effects of the economic crisis.

The Dialogue’s Migration, Remittances & Development Program focuses on policy options, research, and analysis of migration and remittance trends. In 2019, surveys with Venezuelan immigrants in six host countries

LEFT: Venezuelan migrants crossing

the border into Colombia. PROGRAMS | MIGRATION, REMITTANCES & DEVELOPMENT

15 ENGAGING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN LEADING MIGRATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Since 2006, the Migration, Remittances & through which migration can be channeled into Development Program has worked to foster municipal planning, and build public-private inclusive development in Guatemala by partnerships for implementation. The Dialogue channeling the opportunities that emigration has also guided and supported Mancuerna and remittances have generated. Through officials’ leadership in national and local partnerships with financial institutions, dialogues focused on a key urban development remittance companies, diaspora groups, challenge: access to decent housing in and others, the Dialogue has expanded its high-migration areas. approach to include strategies that increase assets, promote investment in social capital, This collaboration has occurred alongside the and support the knowledge economy. Dialogue’s work in the Mancuerna region to provide financial education, offer business The Dialogue’s “Thriving in San Marcos” coaching for small entrepreneurs, and support initiative, conducted with support from secondary education through extracurricular Cities Alliance and the Swiss Agency for programs. The result has been continued Development and Cooperation, takes this progress in financial inclusion, stronger approach a step further by engaging local business administration, a move to digital authorities and increasing their capacity to marketing, and school retention and digital integrate remittances and other diaspora literacy for students at critical ages. Together, resources into local development strategies. these have created conditions in Mancuerna The project works with stakeholders in that reduce the need to emigrate and support Guatemala’s Mancuerna region to provide economic and academic resilience at a time information and skills for understanding when that need is increasing.

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 migration trends, recognize pathways

16 An array of complex factors leads to the need to emigrate. In Latin America and the Caribbean, economics is the primary factor, along with gaps in development, labor market imbalances, and the aspiration to overcome poverty and inequality. We must close these gaps, create opportunity, and a sense of belonging.

—CARLOS ENRIQUE ARMENDARIZ NEGREROS Guatemala’s Vice-Minister of Urban Development and Housing, speaking at an Inter-American Dialogue webinar on August 26, 2020.

Remittances as a Financial Inclusion Strategy in 2020

REMITTANCES AS A % OF GDP, 2019 30,000 Financial Guatemala 13.9% education Nicaragua 13.5% sessions 10,500 Source: World Bank conducted GUATEMALA Financial education sessions conducted

1 out of 4 Immediately completed NICARAGUA a financial More than transaction 1 out of 10 US$3,5 million Immediately in savings mobilized opened a through financial mobile wallet education in 2020. Source: Inter-American Dialogue programs implemented with support

from Cities Alliance and AirPak. PROGRAMS | MIGRATION, REMITTANCES & DEVELOPMENT

17 ASIA & LATIN AMERICA

INFORMING TRANS-PACIFIC POLICY BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

18 The Latin American region’s recovery prospects are uniquely tied to China’s. A one percentage point decline in China’s own growth results in a one percentage point decline for the Latin American region.

—JOYCE CHANG Dialogue member and Managing Director and Chair of Global Research at JP Morgan, speaking at an Inter-American Dialogue webinar on April 13, 2020.

THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN REGION establishing partnerships with local, national, is at an inflection point in its relationship with and regional institutions and actors. At the the rest of the world. In an increasingly same time, Japanese, Korean, and other firms uncertain economic environment, many are looking to build on their historical ties to nations are seeking to expand their economic the region, including through Covid-19 partnerships with Asian countries. assistance.

With growing US-China tensions, and US Against this backdrop, the Dialogue’s Asia and efforts to curb certain forms of Chinese Latin America Program promotes productive engagement with the region, the Asia-Latin engagement with the region by working with a America relationship is positioned to become wide variety of actors­ — from Latin American increasingly dynamic in the coming years. civil society to Chinese government ministries Under the auspices of the Belt and Road and the Japanese private sector­ — to determine Initiative, Chinese companies are adapting to and communicate how Latin American and new political conditions in Latin America; foreign policymakers can support responsible, investing in a wide range of industries; and growth-promoting relationships. PROGRAMS | ASIA & LATIN AMERICA

19 INTERPRETING Photo: Foto: Alan Santos, PR CHINESE FINANCE Since 2005, nearly US$140 billion in Chinese and stability. Policymakers and researchers sovereign loans have transformed the around the globe, including in China, economic and political landscape in Latin frequently refer to our online China–Latin America and the Caribbean. The effect has America Finance Database. been especially profound in Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela, which together We remain committed to ensuring a degree of account for more than 92 percent of Chinese transparency in Chinese lending practices by state lending to the region. closely tracking China’s sovereign loans to the region and, as of 2020, through a new initiative The Inter-American Dialogue, in partnership to identify trends in Chinese commercial bank with the Boston University Global Development lending for infrastructure development to Latin Policy Center, was the first institution to track American and Caribbean actors. We are also China’s extensive loans to the region. Through committed to providing stakeholders in the our partnership with Boston University, region with much-needed information on we remain among the few institutions China’s financial outreach by producing disseminating crucial data on Chinese finance multilingual materials on the fundamentals in Latin America and the Caribbean and the of Chinese overseas finance and holding only one that publishes an annual overview of workshops to share and discuss our findings. China Development Bank and China Export- Our forums also provide an opportunity for Import Bank activity in the region, including discussion among participants of their analysis of the implications of Chinese and experiences with a range of financial actors other sources of finance for regional prosperity and institutions. BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

20 US$ BILLION Chinese Finance to Latin America, 2005–2020 America, Latin to Finance Chinese 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Source: Inter-American Dialogueresearch Source: 0 5

2005

2006 Photo Credit: Roque de Sá/Agência Senado Roque deSá/Agência Credit: Photo 13,2020. at anInter-American Dialogueevent onApril speaking inSãoPaulo, (FGV) Foundation Vargas atGetulio the professor Associate STUENKEL ­—OLIVER past. inthe ofhelping itwas than capable less far crisis this from emerge Chinawill in post-pandemic recovery, looktoChinaplay arole will many region inthe While 2007

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2020 21 PROGRAMS | ASIA & LATIN AMERICA ENERGY, CLIMATE CHANGE & EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

CONFRONTING CLIMATE CHANGE & COVID-19 BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

22 I have every confidence that over the next few years the climate movement will be galvanized. The problem is, will it be in sufficient time for those of us who live on islands and those of us who have already seen the ravages of Irma and Maria and Dorian?

—MIA AMOR MOTTLEY Prime Minister of Barbados and Dialogue member on-leave, speaking at the V Leadership for the Americas Awards Gala on November 12, 2019.

THE JARRING REALIZATION that the effects of deployment with renewable energy adoption climate change are already upon us as a planet in the Caribbean. An innovative analysis has increasingly dominated international news focused on the emissions of Latin America’s in the last two years. Some of the most vivid national oil companies. Overall, the program’s and alarming images of this reality have come work emphasizes the need to mitigate climate from Latin America and the Caribbean. Smoke change and ensure a more resilient, secure, from fires raging in the Amazon engulfed the and affordable energy supply, which is needed region’s largest city, São Paulo, in darkness, to increase the region’s economic prosperity. and Hurricane Dorian brought unprecedented In 2020, countries across the hemisphere devastation to the Bahamas. also faced an unprecedented economic crisis Accordingly, the Energy, Climate Change & inflicted by Covid-19 that was exacerbated in Extractive Industries Program has enhanced oil-dependent regions by the drastic decrease its focus on the energy transition in the in global oil prices. The program responded by region. Program reports have advocated for assessing the implications for the economies exploitation of Latin America’s abundant solar of major oil-producing countries, political and wind energy resources through long-term and regulatory risk, and investment in power supply auctions and energy storage hydrocarbons and renewable energy. technology, and for pairing electric vehicle PROGRAMS CLIMATE CHANGE | ENERGY, & EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

23 UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION

ABOVE: Satellite view of the Global attention to climate change in Latin concept of the “tipping point”­ — a level of Amazon fires in August 2019. America has never been greater than in deforestation at which the Amazon will begin Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center August 2019, when the Internet was flooded a downward spiral of reduced rainfall and with stories and pictures of conflagrations increased infernos. The report examined the ravaging the Brazilian Amazon. President root causes of rising deforestation not just in Jair Bolsonaro’s permissiveness of illicit Brazil, but also in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, deforestation in the name of development and Peru. It has been accessed online more contributed to the blazes and drew than 3,000 times and was distributed at a widespread denunciation from the public launch event featuring conservation international community. experts. The findings were also summarized in an op-ed in the New York Times. Although the reaction was warranted, Bolsonaro’s neglect of the Amazon is only By digging beyond the headlines and analyzing part of a much greater problem regarding the drivers of deforestation across the Amazon the conservation of one of the world’s most region, the Dialogue has increased public valuable means of keeping climate change in understanding of what is possibly the region’s check. Earlier in 2019, the Energy, Climate paramount environmental challenge and Change & Extractive Industries Program provided an important voice in the debate published a report calling attention to the over what to do about it. BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

24 HECTARES 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 Annual Loss of Primary Forest in the Amazon inthe Forest ofPrimary Annual Loss 500,000

2002 Source: Amazon Conservation/MAAP using data from Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA from using data Amazon Conservation/MAAP Source: * Preliminary

2003

2004

2005 Ecuador

2006

2007 Colombia 2008

2009

2010 Peru

2011

2012 Bolivia

2013

2014

2015 Brazil

2016

2017

2018

2019 * 11,355 53,821 134,630 135,356 985,311 25 PROGRAMS | ENERGY, CLIMATE CHANGE & EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES CORPORATE PROGRAM

ADVANCING THE MISSION MANY OF THE WORLD’S MOST INNOVATIVE and socially responsible companies have supported the Dialogue by joining the Corporate Program. Each shares a commitment to improving the wellbeing of the hemisphere’s citizens. Private sector leaders who are part of the Corporate Program help advance the Dialogue’s mission to foster economic opportunity, social equity, and democratic governance in the Americas. By participating in our public events and private meetings and commenting in the Latin America Advisor publications, they generously share their analysis, research, viewpoints, ideas, and vision.

Photo Credit: Government of Mexico BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

26 We must rely on data-driven decision-making to bring impactful and sustainable solutions to patients and health systems.

—ROLF HOENGER Area Head of Roche Pharma Latin America, speaking at PROMOTING an Inter-American Dialogue event on November 4, 2020. AN INCLUSIVE RECOVERY

Not since the Spanish flu a century ago has the innovation and technology as tools for world faced a health crisis like the Covid-19 economic recovery, efforts to create better pandemic. In addition to grieving for so many jobs and investment conditions for lives lost, the citizens of Latin America and the manufacturing and production in the Americas, Caribbean have suffered tremendous setbacks expanding the region’s middle class by in terms of economic stability and growth. addressing inequalities, the debate over 5G Often, the populations that were the most and the role of new technologies in public vulnerable before the pandemic have been hit safety, changing demographics and the the hardest. Most agree that these historic importance of well-planned pension systems, challenges are too great for governments to and ways to tax the global digital economy overcome alone and that the private sector will more fairly and efficiently, among others. be critical to rebuilding economic vitality. The Featured speakers at Corporate Program Corporate Program has a proven capacity to events during this period included Alicia bring together leaders and stakeholders from Bárcena, Executive Secretary of UN ECLAC; across sectors to find innovative ways to Martha Bárcena, Ambassador of Mexico to the address urgent problems. United States; Alejandro Werner, Director of the Western Hemisphere Department, Our recent activities have focused on the International Monetary Fund; and José Manuel private sector’s role in creating an inclusive Restrepo, Colombian Minister of Trade, recovery for the region, such as health system Industry, and Tourism. reforms aimed at efficiency and value, PROGRAMS | EDUCATION PROGRAMS | CORPORATE PROGRAM

27 Dan Erikson, Senior Fellow at the Penn Biden Center, interviewed for the Advisor Video series.

LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR LAUNCHES NEW VIDEO SERIES In 2019, the editorial team at the Dialogue’s The Advisor publishes more than 300 editions 326 daily Latin America Advisor launched the annually featuring more than 1,000 unique editions of the Advisor Advisor Video series, which has featured commentaries not available elsewhere. published each year interviews with former presidents such as Amazon, Apple, AT&T, BlackRock, Citigroup, Ricardo Lagos of Chile, ambassadors such as Facebook, Millicom, Mitsubishi, Oracle, 2,804 Vanessa Neumann of Venezuela, as well as Walmart, and other innovative companies unique commentaries economists Shelly Shetty at Fitch, Jorge Leon around the world subscribe to the Advisor. appeared in the Advisor in 2019 and 2020 at BP, and Monica de Bolle at the Peterson Circulation has expanded to universities, Institute for International Economics. Initially including the libraries of Berkeley, Dartmouth, produced in the Dialogue’s Washington offices, Duke, Harvard, and Notre Dame, as well as 7,052 the videos switched to an online interview government ministries on four continents. views of the Advisor videos to date format with the advent of the coronavirus pandemic and subsequent lockdowns. More than 17 videos have been produced, garnering

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 more than 7,000 unique viewers.

28 Fitch Ratings Fitch BankofAtlanta Reserve Federal Equifax Ltd. Holdings Ebooks Duke University Associates DTB DolEx DollarExpress DHL College Dartmouth Investment Overseas Darby University State Colorado Scientific Boston University Baylor UFJBank ofTokyo-Mitsubishi Unión yCrédito deAhorro Banco Dorados Arcos SA Aperture University Adelphi SUBSCRIBERS China Telecom Americas Chevron Cargill BP Boeing Group BMW BlackRock Bechtel Group Mercantil Banco AT&T/DirecTV Pharma Astellas & Porter Arnold Energy APR Apple Amgen Amazon Web Services MEMBERS PROGRAM CORPORATE International Finance Corporation Finance International Inter-American Foundation Inter-American Development Bank Inter-American College Defense Kurth Hunton Andrews Holland &Knight &Boone Haynes University Harvard Marhnos Grupo Enterprise Open Source United ofthe States, Government Affairs of Foreign Ministry ofSingapore, Government Affairs Foreign of Ministry ofDenmark, Government GoldenTree Management Asset Canada Global Affairs Consulting FTI Holland &Knight Meyer Harper Vidanta Grupo Estrella Grupo Ayucus Grupo Google Genentech Deringer Bruckhaus Freshfields Facebook ExxonMobil Equinor ReusDiaz, &Targ Vallarta Marina Desarollo Dentons Muñoz Multi-Inversiones Corporación Citigroup Peter Sufrin Peter PayKii (NEXI) Insurance andInvestment Nippon Export Newmont Corporation University Defense National Service Investors Moody’s GlobalStrategies Monarch Associates McLarty Mayer Brown &Phillips Phelps Manatt, Policy Economic International for Institute Korea University Johns Hopkins Cooperation International Japan Bankfor National Jamaica Library ITSC PhRMA Morris Philip PepsiCo Pearson Hastings Paul Oracle LAC Nippon Koei Inc. &Co. (USA) Mitsui (Americas) Corporation Mitsubishi Millicom MetLife &Co. Merck &Company McKinsey Macquarie Martin Lockheed Investments Inca Willkie Farr &Gallagher Farr Willkie Louis in St. University Washington LLC CORE Washington ofTennessee University Dame ofNotre University ofFlorida University Berkeley ofCalifornia, University Command Southern US ofState Department US ofEnergy Department US SWIFT Boggs Patton Squire Arps Skadden &Strawn Winston &Case White Walmart International Visa Viasat UnitedHealth Group United Technologies Corporation Group Finance Education US America Latin Programmers of Television Association Energy Sempra Corporation Communications SBA Systems Ryder Roche Rio Tinto Prudential 29 PROGRAMS | CORPORATE PROGRAM PROJECTS GROWING GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY GLOBAL GROWING TRENDS FUTURE EXPLORING future and foresight studies. andforesight future using America inLatin thinking strategic development the of tostimulate working is Development Bank, Inter-American the with Dialogue, incooperation Inter-American the compelling challenges, To nations. these individual address of beyond borders the place taking todevelopments connected inextricably is future region’s the that indicate andnew change, technologies climate economy, world inthe transformations Profound future. the andplanfor envision policymakers that require complexity and

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31 PROJECTS GENDER RIGHTS

March in Montevideo (Uruguay) to end violence against women. Photo credit: UN Women/ CHAMPIONING Sahand Minae HUMAN RIGHTS

When we think about domestic A HEALTHY DEMOCRACY must sustain its that closed its doors to immigrants and violence skyrocketing during commitment to women’s rights and equality. asylum seekers. Although significant progress has been this period of Covid, that’s an In 2020, the Dialogue published an analysis epidemic within the pandemic, made in the Americas, challenges regarding women’s leadership, sexual and of violence against women in the context and what a shame for our reproductive rights, and gender-based of Covid-19. The article promoted an region that femicide is one violence remain; this incomplete agenda intersectional approach to gender-based of the things we lead on. weakens democracy. The Dialogue’s work violence, given that migrants, children, aims to promote deeper understanding indigenous people, elders, and transgender —NATALIA KANEM of issues of concern to women as well as the women are vulnerable groups that such Executive Director, United Nations discrimination and violence that lesbian, policies often overlook. In April, we held a Population Fund, speaking at the webinar on the implications of Covid-19 on 24th Annual CAF Conference on gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer September 10, 2020. (LGBTQ) people face. the state of human rights in Latin America featuring former Dialogue co-chair and In partnership with the Seattle International UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Foundation, the Dialogue hosted a panel in Michelle Bachelet, who highlighted the 2019 entitled, “Nowhere to Turn: Gender- disproportionate effect on women and girls Based Violence and its Impact on because of preexisting discrimination and Migration.” Panelists highlighted the inequality. We also partnered with the triple threat that women face: a culture of Victory Institute in December to host a gendered victimization, an ecosystem of virtual event on LGBTQ rights and US

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 organized crime, and a US administration foreign policy in the Americas.

32 WORLDWIDE INEQUALITY REDUCING of the world’s extremely poor. extremely world’s of the 80percent nearly covering progress, in 18more with assessments, country 2019to 2020,CEQcompletedFrom 58 COVERAGE COUNTRY CEQ ASSESSMENTS— In Progress  Completed Select Indicators Only Indicators Select for Produced Results

the Department of Economics atTulane ofEconomics Department the and andResearch Policy Inter-American for Center ofthe isajoint initiative project methodology. CEQ The and astandardized framework using acomprehensive world the around andinequality onpoverty policy offiscal effect the measures project (CEQ) toEquity Commitment the context, In this ranks. 70 millionto100intothose to pushanadditional pandemic isexpected perday, US$1.90 than current andthe less MORE THAN 700MILLIONPEOPLE THAN MORE live on live policy debates. debates. policy itintolocal well andincorporated research Covid-19 CEQ’s have received audiences Worldwide besignificant. can poverty and inequality onincome policy of fiscal show effect the that andMexico Colombia, Brazil, inArgentina, consequences distributional pandemic’s the Covid-19; to shifted recently, has Most attention GlobalDevelopment. for Center and the Dialogue, Inter-American the University, COMMITMENT TO EQUITY TO COMMITMENT Source: Commitment to Equity Project to Equity Commitment Source: 33 PROJECTS DIALOGUES ON THE HILL

HIGHLIGHTING REGIONAL ISSUES

We must strive to eradicate THE US CONGRESS plays a critical role Congressional members and staff also systemic racism and perfect in building hemispheric relations and speak at Dialogue events, conferences, our democracies. addressing the economic, political, security, and public policy roundtables. Senator and humanitarian challenges facing the Tim Kaine (D-VA) spoke at the 12th Sol M. —JOAQUIN CASTRO region. The Dialogue works to engage Linowitz Forum in 2019 and briefed the US Representative for Texas’ 20th members of Congress and congressional President’s Leadership Council on inter- congressional district, speaking at staff on policy matters concerning the American relations during the coronavirus the Inter-American Dialogue’s online event “Race and Policing in the US Western Hemisphere and to increase the pandemic. The Dialogue hosted a public and Brazil” on July 17, 2020. presence of regional voices in US foreign conference call with Representative Donna Photo Credit: Gage Skidmore policy debates. Shalala (D-FL) on the spread of Covid-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and Dialogue directors and experts are frequently Representative Joaquin Castro (D-TX) called upon to analyze hemispheric offered opening remarks at a Rule of Law developments at congressional hearings. Program event on race and policing in the In 2019, Margaret Myers testified before the United States and Brazil. Members of House Committee on Foreign Affairs on the Congress also provided commentary in role of China in the Americas. That same the daily Q&A section of the Dialogue’s year, Michael Camilleri testified before the Latin America Advisor newsletter, committee on the Odebrecht case, and, in featuring contributions from Senator 2020, testified on the political challenges Marco Rubio (R-FL) and Representative facing the region. Dialogue program Donna Shalala (D-FL). directors briefed House and Senate staffers in a virtual meeting on Covid-19 and its

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 effect on Latin America and the Caribbean.

34 WORKING GROUP ON LATIN AMERICA

The Working Group during its meeting in December 2019 in Washington, DC. From left to right, Peter Hakim, President Emeritus of the Inter-American Dialogue; Eduardo Stein, Dialogue Member & former vice president of Guatemala; and Maria Celia Toro, professor, Colegio de México.

GUIDING POLICY COOPERATION

STARTED IN 2001, the Working Group on Bolivia, challenges in the Andean region, We are living through times Latin America is one of the longest-running and the problems that Mexico and Central where people work more on the and most successful initiatives of the America face. The meeting ended with a divide than on coming together. Inter-American Dialogue. Once a year, it discussion of the common factors driving brings together a select group of political, the unrest in Latin American countries and The fact that the Dialogue tries academic, and civil society leaders from how governments can regain legitimacy and to build bridges and construct across Latin America to discuss the most citizen trust. solutions that are shared by all, pressing challenges facing the region. or at least tried to be shared by In 2020, because of the Covid-19 pandemic, all, is the way to go. The annual meeting of the working group the group convened online for the first time alternates between Washington, DC, and for its 33rd meeting, discussing the incoming —SUSANA MALCORRA cities in Latin America. In 2019, the working Biden administration and its approach to Dialogue member & Former Minister of group met in Washington, DC, and focused Latin America; the political, economic, and Foreign Affairs & Worship of Argentina, on six major challenges facing the region: health crises in Peru; the constitutional speaking during the 12th meeting of the Linowitz Forum on June 29, 2019. unrest in Chile, the fragmented Southern process in Chile; and the main challenges Cone, the crisis in Venezuela, turmoil in facing Bolivian President Luis Arce. PROJECTS

35 OUTREACH THE LEADERSHIP FOR THE AMERICAS AMERICAS THE FOR LEADERSHIP THE AMERICAS IN THE LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVE HONORING and the economic outlook with the outlookwith economic and the factors, risk trends, regional America, Latin in risk political explored roundtable the In 2019, discussion. high-level roundtable a for gather andpublicsectors private the from day leaders gala, On the ofthe social equity, andprosperity. governance, democratic mission: Dialogue’s ofthe pillars three the and help advance Hemisphere Western inthe change inspire and have impact that apositive individuals and organizations honors Gala Awards

the non-governmental community. non-governmental the of andrepresentatives scholars, leaders, business diplomats, officials, government members, ourdistinguished between collaboration andenergize friendships renew to anopportunity gala alsoprovides The region. the in recovery economic inanequitable sector private ofthe role the explored roundtable virtual In2020,the growth. sustainable toward apath toforge capacity region’s diminishthe greatly could that conditions political ofcorrosive backdrop challenging on November 12,2019. Gala Awards Americas the for 2019 Leadership at the speech acceptance his delivering of Cinépolis, CEO Ramirez, Alejandro Member on-leave, Inter-American Dialogue ofBarbados Minister Prime Mia AmorMottley REMARKS KEYNOTE Engagement Civic for Award Leadership Distinguished Alejandro Ramirez Citizenship Corporate for Award Leadership Distinguished DuSoleil Cirque Equity Social for Award Leadership Distinguished ofColombia Growers of Coffee Federation National 2019 HONOREES AMERICAS AWARDS GALA AMERICAS THE FOR LEADERSHIP

37 OUTREACH CAF CONFERENCE

From left to right: Edison Lanza, Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights; Crystal Patterson, Head of Global Civic Partnerships & Elections, Facebook; and Patricia Campos Mello, Reporter-at-Large and Columnist, Folha de São Paulo, at the 23rd Annual CAF STRENGTHENING Conference on September 5, 2019. THE REGIONAL AGENDA

SINCE ITS LAUNCH IN 1996, the annual CAF the growing influence of China, presidential negative consequences for humanity and Conference­ — presented in collaboration elections in Latin America, the continued that generosity, cooperation, and solidarity with CAF–Development Bank of Latin crisis in Venezuela, and the role of social are essential traits for society to function. America and the Organization of American media and disinformation in politics and Most importantly, he urged governments to States — has­ evolved to become the primary their effect on democracy. be open, transparent, and effective to build forum for policymakers and leaders to trust with the citizens they serve. Subsequent discuss the most pressing challenges facing The 2020 conference, convened in September panels discussed a range of topics through the Western Hemisphere. in the midst of the global pandemic, used a the lens of the Covid-19 pandemic, fully virtual format for the first time in its including the region’s economic recovery, More than 700 participants gathered for 24-year history. With more than 40,000 failures and successes of its healthcare the 23rd CAF Conference at the Willard streaming views worldwide, the conference systems, the digital transformation and Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, DC, brought together 36 high-level speakers to deepening divide, and the looming threat of on September 4 and 5, 2019. The conference examine complex hemispheric challenges climate change. The conference closed with featured a conversation on global challenges and consider potential solutions. Luis an exchange between a Republican and with Tom Shannon, former US under Lacalle Pou, president of Uruguay, opened Democratic analyst opining on the 2020 secretary of state for political affairs, and the conference with keynote remarks US presidential election. Michèle Flournoy, former US under secretary highlighting the extent to which the world of defense for policy. Officials and analysts had become globalized during the pandemic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 on other panels shared their thoughts on and noting that any action can unleash

38 Economics and Chief Economist, World BankGroup. World andChief Economist, Economics ofDevelopment President Vice Reinhart, and Carmen LLP; &Strawn, Reynoso, Winston Partner, Julissa Organization; Health American Pan ofthe Etienne, Director F. Carissa inEconomics; Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz, featuring Conference, CAF at 24th the Panelists BELOW: the 24th Annual CAF Conference on September 9,2020. onSeptember Conference AnnualCAF 24th the at keynote of Uruguay, remarks delivering President POU LACALLE —LUIS ­ nolonger voluntary are generosity, andsolidarity place. Integration, day, endofthe the At isasingle world the — they are necessary. are — they 39 OUTREACH PRESIDENTIAL SUMMIT

Former presidents participating in the Dialogue's Forward Together Summit

AFFIRMING THE IMPORTANCE OF US–LATIN AMERICAN RELATIONS

AT A TIME OF GREAT DIVIDE and uncertainty, As the profound social, economic, and the Dialogue brought together former heads political effects of the coronavirus of state from across the Americas for a pandemic are felt across the hemisphere, virtual event to engage in a conversation it was vital to bring together influential about the future of US–Latin American voices with distinct viewpoints to devise relations and affirm the importance of cooperative solutions to the crises. Laura increasing regional collaboration. Chinchilla, former president of Costa Rica; Ricardo Lagos, former president of Chile; Forward Together: A Conversation with Juan Manuel Santos, former president of Former Presidents of the Americas came Colombia; and Ernesto Zedillo, former at a crucial time­ — shortly after the US president of Mexico, participated in the presidential election. This gathering of conversation, which Karen DeYoung, of former presidents provided an opportunity the Washington Post, moderated. for leaders from the region to address the importance of strong, stable partnerships between the United States and Latin

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 America and the Caribbean.

40 THE SOL M. LINOWITZ FORUM M.LINOWITZ SOL THE BUILDING CONSENSUS LEADERS, CONVENING branch, including Elliott Abrams, special Abrams, Elliott including branch, executive ofthe representatives several from America Latin toward policy on US high-level briefings featured 2019 forum The action. for anddevelop proposals consensus problems, toregional solutions cooperative identify differences, their probe session, plenary in years two every once meet members Dialogue topics. Hemispheric on Western ofdebate andcommunication quality the toimproving isdedicated forum 1982, the in founding Dialogue’s tothe back Dating age ofTrump. inthe relations American and US–Latin policy, andforeign of law, politics US rule and todemocracy challenges growth, sustainable for opportunities including topics of arange discussed leaders Hemispheric DC. June27-29,2019inWashington, from time twenty-first the for Dialogue members convened

Karen DeYoung WashingtonKaren ofthe Post , featuring 2020 election, andthe politics US on adinnerconversation with concluded forum energy. ofclean The future the change and climate of analyzed effects the Council on Foreignthe Jaffe from Relations andAmy Myers andchallenges; patterns migration discussed Institute Policy the from Migration Selee Andrew crisis; Venezuelan onthe commented Jurists, of Commission International the from Ayala, Carlos alsoparticipated: experts outside Other Committee. Affairs Foreign House US tothe Hemisphere Western the for and Jacobstein, Eric advisor policy senior ofHomeland Security; secretary US acting Chad Wolf, President; Vice the of Office in the Hemisphere Western the for special advisor Loomis, Landon ofState; Department US Venezuela for the for representative Newof the Yorker . Glasser andSusan News, Ron ofNPR Elving

Linowitz Forum onJune29,2019. Forum Linowitz the of Meeting the 12th at speaking Affairs, Hemisphere Western for ofState Secretary andAssistant to Mexico Ambassador US Former JACOBSON —ROBERTA hemisphere. entire the from leaders together brings Dialogue the way inwhich is the unique beyond thing, excellence, the butIthink power ithas, that convening andthe reports its of balance the for outstanding been Dialoguehas The SOL M. LINOWITZ FORUM M.LINOWITZ SOL 41 OUTREACH PRESIDENT’S LEADERSHIP COUNCIL MEMBERS Bronwyn Bateman United States Claudia Blum (On leave) Colombia Miguel Bocco Venezuela Roberto Bonetti Guerra Claudia Blum, Executive Director, Dominican Republic TQ International; Stanley Motta, Felipe Bosch President, Motta International; and Laura Chinchilla speaking at the 2019 Guatemala meeting of the President’s Leadership Enrique Carrizosa Council in Washington, DC. Colombia Juan Carlos Carvallo Venezuela Carlos Enrique Cavelier HARNESSING LEADERS Colombia Iván Chávez TO INFORM OUR WORK Mexico Roberto Kriete Ávila El Salvador THE REGION’S MOST FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS In 2019 and 2020, council members met with Paola Luksic Fontbona demand comprehensive, creative solutions US members of Congress and their staffs Chile that engage stakeholders beyond the political to discuss trade, migration, security, the Stanley Motta sphere. Recognizing this, the Dialogue implications of the US presidential election for Panama established the President’s Leadership US–Latin America relations and other topics. Roberto Murray Meza Council, an advisory board comprising leaders Members had private meetings with Senator El Salvador from the private sector from 10 countries in Tim Kaine; Ricardo Lagos, former President of Ramiro Ortiz Mayorga Latin America and the United States. Chile; Elliott Abrams, special representative Nicaragua for Venezuela for the US Department of State; Carlos Pellas Chamorro The council convenes annually in Washington, Ambassador Michael Kozak, acting Assistant Nicaragua DC, and virtually throughout the year for Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Ricardo Poma meetings with senior US and foreign Affairs; Congressman Gregory Meeks; Mark El Salvador government officials, heads of multilateral Feierstein, Senior Advisor to the Biden Ana Salas Siegel institutions, and top policy analysts and campaign; and others. United States influencers. It advises the Dialogue’s Herman Sifontes Tovar president and senior leadership on Venezuela programmatic matters, offering input to Carlos Andrés Uribe Arango

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 help shape the regional agenda. Colombia

42 Subway in São Paulo, Brazil.

Photo by Apolo Sales. PROJECTS

43 PEOPLE Fernando Henrique Henrique Fernando emeritus: chair Viana Jorge Vansetti Priscila Maria Teixeira Fernanda Maria Costa da TeixeiraRoberto Spektor Matias Silva Marina Jacqueline Pitanguy Northfleet Gracie Ellen Helio Magalhães Jank Marcos Furlan Fernando Luiz deBolle Monica Denise Damiani Tabata Amaral BRAZIL Sánchez Gonzalo emeritus: Quiroga Jorge D.Mesa Carlos Molina Gray George García L. Enrique BOLIVIA Mia AmorMottley Billie Miller on leave: BARBADOS Bordón Octavio José on leave: Juan Manuel Urtubey María Eugenia Vidal Prat-Gay Alfonso Malcorra Susana Grobocopatel Gustavo Pastore MaríaDagnino José ARGENTINA EUROPE AND CANADA, CARIBBEAN, THE AMERICA, LATIN FROM OFDECEMBER 22,2020 AS MEMBERS Cardoso de Lozada

Elena Viyella dePaliza Viyella Elena Fernández Leonel REPUBLIC DOMINICAN Veiga González Roberto CUBA Campbell Epsy on leave: Solís Guillermo Luis Picado Sonia Grynspan Rebeca Figueres Christiana Chinchilla Laura RICA COSTA Ramírez Lucía Marta on leave: Juan Manuel Santos Wolff Antonio Navarro Moreno Paula Claudia López Ángela Holguín Maria Fajardo Sergio Escovar Sylvia Ulloa Cepeda Fernando Botero Catalina COLOMBIA Lagos Ricardo emeritus: chair Piñera Sebastián Larraín Hernán Bachelet Michelle on leave: Goic Carolina FoxleyAlejandro Bitar Sergio Allamand Andrés CHILE Joe Clark emeritus: Rishchynski Guillermo Pettigrew Pierre J.McDougall Barbara Doer Gary CANADA Violeta Chamorro Violeta emeritus: Holmann Fernández- Ernesto NICARAGUA  on leave: emeritus: chair Sarukhan Arturo RozentalAndrés Paredes Beatriz Tania Mena Ortiz Lustig Nora Luiselli Valeria Frenk Julio José ÁngelJosé Gurría Guajardo Claudio X.González Reyes-Retana Eugenio Clariond Alicia Bárcena MEXICO Jarrett Earl JAMAICA Castellanos Julieta HONDURAS Lumarque Jacky Braun Carl HAITI Stein Eduardo Paiz Salvador GUATEMALA Joaquin Villalobos Meza Murray Roberto EL SALVADOR Hurtado Osvaldo emeritus: Yolanda Kakabadse Condo Arturo ECUADOR Lázaro Cárdenas Batel Cárdenas Lázaro Larrea Ernesto Zedillo Ernesto San Antonio,San TX Julián Castro Sacramento, CA Becerra Xavier Washington, DC Barnes Michael Washington, DC Aronson Bernard US THE FROM Vollmer Alberto Naím Moisés Jonathan Coles VENEZUELA Julio MaríaSanguinetti emeritus: V.Enrique Iglesias URUGUAY Carrington Edwin on leave: AND TOBAGO TRINIDAD Trinidad Jiménez Ángel Cabrera SPAIN Llosa Vargas Mario García-Sayán Diego Nano Flores Lourdes Costa Mariana Miguel Castilla Luis PERU Acha Sebastián PARAGUAY Ardito-Barletta Nicolás emeritus: Romero María Luisa Torrijos Martín Kanem Natalia Motta Stanley PANAMA

Washington, DC Amna Nawaz Washington, DC Meissner Doris Arlington, VA McPherson Peter Rock, AR Little III F.Thomas McLarty, Charleston, SC John McCarter Los Angeles, CA F.Abraham Lowenthal Tucson, AZ Jim Kolbe COColorado Springs, Hybl William Miami, FL Donna Hrinak New York, NY Haass Richard FL Miami Lakes, Bob Graham Chicago, IL Helene Gayle Los Angeles, CA Garcetti Eric Stanford, CA Fukuyama Francis Washington, DC DeYoungKaren Washington, DC deFerranti David TX Dallas, Cullum Lee New York, NY Joyce Chang Chicago, IL Chacón Oscar Washington, DC Jacobson Roberta on leave: Atlanta, GA Jimmy Carter emeritus: Washington, DC Hills A. Carla emeritus: chair Cambridge, MA Zoellick Robert Washington, DC Stern Paula Medford, MA Stavridis James Washington, DC Jr. Shannon, A. Thomas Miami, FL Donna Shalala Notre Dame, IN R.Scully Timothy Miami, FL Saladrigas Carlos New York, NY Rottenberg Linda FL Naples, Rooney Francis Fe,Santa NM Bill Richardson New York, NY Reynoso Julissa Francisco,San CA Reilly William Washington, DC John Porter New York, NY O’Neil Shannon Atlanta, GA Nunn Michelle

45 PEOPLE BOARD & STAFF

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Roberto Teixeira da Costa Nate Graham FELLOWS Brazil Program Associate, Energy, Climate Laura Chinchilla Bruno Binetti Maria Fernanda Teixeira Change & Extractive Industries Co-Chair Non-Resident Fellow, Brazil Anna Herrero Tejada Costa Rica Office of the President Maria Priscila Vansetti Research Associate, Education Thomas A. Shannon, Jr. Sergio Bitar Brazil Kathryn Klaas Non-Resident Senior Fellow Co-Chair Program Coordinator, Migration, United States & Project Director, Global Trends DIALOGUE STAFF Remittances, and Development & Future Scenarios L. Enrique García Gene Kuleta US OFFICE Kevin Casas-Zamora Co-Vice Chair Editor, Latin America Advisor Bolivia Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Michael Shifter Sofia Lalinde Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Thomas F. McLarty, III President Program Assistant, Special Projects Rebecca Bill Chavez Co-Vice Chair & External Relations United States Elizabeth Belair Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Business Operations Manager Margaret Myers Peter D. Bell Rule of Law David de Ferranti Kaitlyn Blansett Program Director, Treasurer Lenier González Development & External Relations Asia & Latin America United States Resident Fellow, Office of Coordinator Gastón Ocampo the President Fernando Henrique Cardoso Erik Brand Program & Database Assistant, Chair Emeritus Peter Hakim Director, Corporate Program & Office of the President Brazil President Emeritus & Senior Fellow Publisher, Latin America Advisor Sarah Phillips Carla A. Hills Julia Dias Leite Joan Caivano Program Assistant, Energy, Climate Chair Emeritus Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Senior Advisor Change & Extractive Industries United States Asia & Latin America Michael Camilleri Daniela Sáez Ricardo Lagos Nora Lustig Program Director, Program Assistant, Education Chair Emeritus Non-Resident Senior Fellow Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Chile Tamar Solnik & Project Director, Commitment Anastasia Chacón Director, Finance & Administration to Equity Ernesto Zedillo Reporter & Associate Editor, Chair Emeritus Sarah Stanton Manuel Orozco Latin America Advisor Mexico Senior Associate, Education Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Catharine Christie Migration, Remittances & Enrique V. Iglesias Lisa Viscidi Program Assistant, Development Vice Chair Emeritus Program Director, Energy, Climate Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Uruguay Change & Extractive Industries Xiaoyu Pu Zuleida Corry Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Gary Doer Denisse Yanovich Accounting Associate Asia & Latin America Canada Deputy to the President & Director, Irene Estefanía Development, External Relations Jeffrey Puryear Sylvia Escovar Senior Manager, & Special Projects Senior Fellow, Education Colombia Institutional Development Ben Raderstorf Donna Hrinak & External Relations GUATEMALA OFFICE Non-Resident Fellow, United States Peter D. Bell Rule of Law Ariel Fiszbein Jaqueline Barrios Earl Jarrett Program Director, Education Country Coordinator, Guatemala Mateo Samper Jamaica Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Guillermo García Montenegro Rut Velásquez Education Susana Malcorra Program Associate, Financial Education Coordinator, Argentina Asia & Latin America Guatemala Héctor Castro Vizcarra Arturo Sarukhan Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Mexico Energy, Climate Change & BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 Extractive Industries 46 NUMBERS PROJECTS

47 CONTRIBUTIONS & GRANTS *REPORTING ON A CASH BASIS

$250,000+ Ramiro Ortiz Mayorga / Grupo UnitedHealth Group McLarty Associates Sergio Bitar Promerica-Banco de la Winston & Strawn Millicom Boston Scientific CAF-Development Bank of Producción Latin America Mitsui & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc. Omar Bracamontes Carlos F. Pellas Chamorro Ford Foundation $10,000-$24,999 New Energy Events David Calderon Sempra Energy Gordon and Betty Morre Amazon Web Services Nippon Koei LAC Carl Bistany / SABIS Stiftung Auxilium Educational Systems Foundation Amgen Oracle Carlos Andres Uribe Arango / Joyce Chang UNOPS Ankura Consulting Salvador Paiz / Grupo PDC Ladrillera Santafé Avecita Chicchon US Agency for International Apple Paul Hastings Development ChildFund Astellas Pharma Philip Morris $25,000-$49,999 Laura Chinchilla AT&T Foundation PhRMA $100,000-$249,999 AES Citibanamex AT&T / DirectTV Jeffrey Puryear Airpak Oliver F. Clarke Bernard van Leer Foundation Banco Mercantil Rio Tinto APR Energy Colorado State University Chevron Bancomer Transfer Services Roche Arnold & Porter ContourGlobal Creative Associates Bank of Tokyo - Mitsubishi Ryder Systems International Claudia Blum de Barberi UFJ Shell Lee Cullum Fundación Vidanta Miguel Bocco / Vepica Maria Rosa Baquerizo Skadden Arps José María Dagnino Henry Luce Foundation Cinépolis Barri Financial Group Television Association of Darby Overseas Investments Inter-American Development Conoco Phillips Bechtel Group Programmers Latin America Dartmouth College Bank Diaz, Reus & Targ Karen Bell Tellurian David & Margot de Ferranti International Republican Equinor BlackRock UNICEF Whitney Debevoise Institute (IRI) Fundación Mario Lopez Boeing United Technologies Dentons Muñoz Open Society Foundations Estrada Corporation Cargill DHL Pearson Fundación Propagas US Education Finance Group Enrique Carrizosa DTB Associates Fundación Varkey Priscila Vansetti China Telecom Americas Duke University Carla Hills / Hills & Company Viamericas $50,000-$99,999 Citigroup Ebooks Holdings Ltd. Holland & Knight Viasat Robert J. Abernethy Corporación Multi- EBRD-European Bank Visa International for Reconstruction and BMW Group Earl Jarret / Jamaica National Inversiones Group Walmart Development Roberto Bonetti / MercaSID Credivalores Robert Lovelace and Alicia Western Union Educar 2050 BP Discovery Education Miñana White & Case Ener AB Bronwyn Bateman DolEx Dollar Express Macquarie Willkie Farr & Gallagher Equifax Juan Carlos Carvallo Merck & Co. Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia World Bank Federal Reserve Bank of ExxonMobil MetLife Atlanta Google Facebook Microsoft Mark Feierstein Felipe A. Bosch Gutierrez / Government of Canada, $1,000-$9,999 Mitsubishi Corporation Global Affairs Canada Field Museum Losa Inversiones (Americas) Sebastian Acha Grupo Ayucus Fisterra Energy Government of Japan, New Venture Fund Adelphi University Fitch Ratings Ministry of Foreign Affairs Grupo Estrella Omidyar Network Anonymous Freshfields Bruckhaus Inicia Educación Peter Hakim and Virginia Aperture Partners of the Americas Schofield Deringer Paola Luksic / Fundación Marie Arana FTI Consulting Luksic PepsiCo Inca Investments Arcos Dorados Francis Fukuyama Alberto Martell / Carisam SBA Communications JQ Group Corporation Bernard & Felicia Aronson Enrique García Roberto Murray-Meza / Grupo LEGO Foundation Stanford University Banco de Ahorro y Crédito Agrisal Lockheed Martin Robert and Alene Gelbard Tinker Foundation Union NBC Universal Telemundo McKinsey & Company GoldenTree Asset Total Baylor University Management

BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020 Enterprises

48 Government of Denmark, John McCarter Vista Katherine A. Downs Jimena Jesus Montoya Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mary McClymont Walt Disney Studios Luigi Einaudi Carmen Mora Government of Singapore, Peter McPherson Washington CORE LLC Daniel Erikson Diana Negroponte Ministry of Foreing Affairs Monarch Global Strategies Washington University in St. James P. Faranda Joan M. Nelson Government of the United Moody’s Investors Service Louis Georges Fauriol Thomas O’Keefe States, Department of Wells Fargo Bank Energy More Money Transfers Barbara Fick Felipe Ortiz de Zevallos World Vision Government of the United Kathryn Mudge Megan Fletcher José Raul Perales States, Department of State National Defense University WorldRemit Patrice Franko Lorenzo Perez Government of the United Newmont Corporation Xoom Brian & Linda Gendreau Ruben M. Perina States, Open Source Nippon Export and Ernesto Zedillo Mark Gitomer Annie Pforzheimer Enterprise Investment Insurance Alexander Gross Arturo & Nina Porzecanski Grupo Marhnos (NEXI) UP TO $999 Kenneth Gross Tom Quigley Rebeca Grynspan Ruben Olmos José Luis Abinader Claudio Grossman Ulrico A. Reale Harvard University Maureen Orth Frank Almaguer Ricardo Herrero Caitlin Reilly Haynes & Boone Scott Otteman Paul Angelo Eric Hershberg William and Barbara Laura Hills Beatriz Elena Paredes Harriet Babbitt Gary Hufbauer Richardson Donna Hrinak PayKii Michele Balfour Nathoo Gale Hunt Guillermo Rishchynski Mildred Huerta PayPal Edgar Barillas Shane Hunt Cristina Rodriguez Acosta Hunton Andrews Kurth Pierre Pettigrew Michael Barnes Robert Israel José Ruisanchez William J. Hybl Jacqueline Pitanguy de Carlos F. Jaramillo Francisco Sanchez Romani Ricardo Ivan Barrios IEnova Judd L. Kessler Mark L. Schneider Prudential Christopher Behr Inter-American Defense Linda Kolko Timothy Scully College William and Elizabeth Reilly Jere Behrman Francisco Lara Andrew Selee Inter-American Foundation Remitly Roger Betancourt José Larios José Siman Intermex Arturo Sarukhan Shelley Blumberg-Lorenzana Robert Bottome Diane LaVoy José Jorge Siman Jacir International Finance Seattle International Margaret Symington Corporation Foundation Claudia Botty Abelardo Lechter Teresa Terminassian ITSC Library Senda Dirección Tecnológica Alex Brockwehl Kirsten Lorgen-Knapp Timothy L. Towell Japan Bank for International Luis Guillermo Solís Joan Caivano Nora Lustig Irving G. Tragen Cooperation Squire Patton Boggs Ana Isabel Campos Ronald MacLean-Abaroa Edwin Truman Patricia Jinich Barbara Stallings Filipe Carvalho Susana Malcorra Eduardo Velez Bustillo Johns Hopkins University Starwood Santiago Castro Gomez Kristina Mani William J. Vigil Julio Frenk / University of Peter Sufrin Mauricio Chavarria David Mares Alexander F. Watson Miami SWIFT Arturo Condo Miguel Martinez Victoria Wigodzky Korea Institute for James Swigert Gabriel Corbo Shannan L. Mattiace International Economic Carol Wise Maria F. Teixeira Chris J. Cote Amanda Maxwell Policy Isaac Yanovich Roberto Teixeira da Costa Juan Cruz Diaz Jacqueline Mazza Latin Trade Maria Mercedes Yeomans Gonzalo Tordini Pablo Davila Cynthia McClintock Melvyn Levitsky Elizabeth Zechmeister Transnetwork Corporation Maria Jose de Leon Stephen McFarland Abraham F. Lowenthal Irma Raquel Zelaya Twitter Jeffrey DeLaurentis Michael McKinley Ivonne Lozada Anne and Clarence Zuveka University of Florida John Detzner Cheryl McQueen Jacqueline Malagon James & Conception Michel Manatt, Phelps & Phillips University of Notre Dame Robert Devlin University of Tennessee John Dinges Jasmine Moawad Mayer Brown Kara Monaghan Barry McCaffrey US Southern Command Stephen Donehoo

Sebastian Monsalve NUMBERS

49 2019–2020 Assets 2020* 2019

FINANCIAL REPORT CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,058,354 $ 1,237,407 Investments 7,129,816 6,290,526 Accounts receivable 119,589 319,056 Grants receivable – 179,542 Prepaid expenses 27,000 27,653 Statement of Total current assets 8,334,759 8,054,184 Financial Position FIXED ASSETS Net fixed assets 564,604 655,849 *Preliminary and Unaudited OTHER ASSETS Deposits 28,944 63,823 Grants receivable, long-term portion 55,000 – Total other assets 83,944 63,823 TOTAL ASSETS $ 8,983,307 $ 8,773,856

Liabilities and Net Assets 2020* 2019

CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 143,412 $ 50,753 Accrued benefits 121,560 113,907 Deferred rent abatement 13,613 1,906 Deferred tenant improvement allowance 55,583 55,583 Deferred corporate program 259,400 213,920 Total current liabilities 593,568 436,069 LONG-TERM LIABILITIES Deferred rent abatement, net of current portion 691,416 703,958 Deferred tenant improvement allowance, 435,404 490,988 net of current portions Total long-term liabilities 1,126,820 1,194,946 Total liabilities 1,720,388 1,631,015 NET ASSETS Total net assets 7,262,919 7,142,841 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS $8,983,307 $ 8,773,856 BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

50 *Preliminary andUnaudited *Preliminary Assets and Change inNet ofActivities Statement Total revenue Total program services program Total Total expenses Total Total services supporting Government grants Government Other revenue Other Corporate Program Corporate and contributions Grants Program Services: Program President’s Leadership Council Leadership President’s Investment income (loss) Investment Services: Supporting Special event OTHER ITEM Change in net assets before other item other before assets net in Change EXPENSES NET ASSETS AT END OF YEAR OF AT END ASSETS NET year of beginning at assets Net REVENUE Change in net assets assets net in Change Asia and Latin America America Latin and Asia Outreach and Publications Outreach Programs Corporate Governance Remittances and Development Remittances Rule of Law of Rule Energy and Climate Change Climate and Energy Education Forum Linowitz Finance and Administration Finance Fundraising US Policy $ 7,262,919 $ 1,936,757 1,936,757 $ (714,161) 3,228,409 7,142,841 7,142,841 3,123,813 3,837,974 382,202 382,202 385,984 385,984 634,091 634,091 222,997 507,478 507,478 471,798 471,798 218,902 218,902 375,751 219,965 219,965 443,332 443,332 834,239 609,565 130,000 535,887 535,887 315,000 120,078 22,538 22,538 99,813 51,140 51,140 2020* 8,152 8,152 $ 7,142,841 7,142,841 $ $2,052,817 (158,853) 6,408,727 6,408,727 4,048,188 4,048,188 4,775,056 4,616,203 4,616,203 663,880 663,880 255,408 255,408 448,822 448,822 486,522 486,522 321,850 321,850 500,819 500,819 427,355 394,732 394,732 369,672 369,672 843,008 400,000 726,868 835,305 589,314 589,314 127,220 127,220 536,981 536,981 892,967 734,114 734,114 41,588 41,588 95,966 95,966 2019 51 NUMBERS THE DIALOGUE BY THE NUMBERS, 2020

WEBSITE EVENTS PRESS PUBLICATIONS 421,000 14,150 2,417 36 website users participants press hits reports

in from 884,000 25 website hits 60 750 articles Dialogue sources & op-eds viewed in events in in 219 20 countries 70 countries sources BIENNIAL REPORT 2019–2020

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