DOCSLIB.ORG

Provinser M.V. I Kina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Provinser M.V. I Kina Københavns Universitet - - Saxo-Instituttet - - Afdeling for Historie Provinser m.v. i Kina. Gongheguo = folkerepublik; sheng = provins; shi = byprovins (shi = by, ses også på lavere administrativt niveau); zizhiqu = autonom region; tebie xingzhengqu = særligt administrativ region. Rækkefølgen er som den normalt ses i officielle kinesiske lister. Arealer er i 1.000 km², og befolkningstal i afrundede millioner omkring år 2020. De er medtaget for at give et indtryk af størrelsesforhold, og der tages forbehold for mulige variationer. Navn Forkort Kinesisk Forenklet/traditionel Anden form Hovedstad Areal Bef, Zhonghua renmin CN 中华人民共和国 Zhongguo 中国 Kina, PRC Beijing 9.600 1.400 gongheguo Beijing shi BJ 北京市 Jing 京 Peking 16,8 22 Tianjin shi TJ 天津市 Jin 津 Tientsin 11,3 16 Hebei sheng HEB 河北省 Ji 冀 Hopei Shijiazhuang 190 76 Shanxi sheng SX 山西省 Jin 晋 Shansi Taiyuan 156 37 Nei Menggu zizhiqu NM 内蒙古自治区 Neimenggu 内蒙古 Indre Mongoli Hohhot 1,183 25 Huhehaote Liaoning sheng LN 辽宁省 Liao 辽 Shenyang 146 44 Jilin sheng JL 吉林省 Ji 吉 Chilin Changchun 187 27 Heilongjiang sheng HL 黑龙江省 Hei 黑 Heilungkiang Haerbin 469 38 Shanghai shi SH 上海市 Hu 沪 6,2 24 Jiangsu sheng JS 江苏省 Su 苏 Kiangsu Nanjing 102 79 Zhejiang sheng ZJ 浙江省 Zhe 浙 Chekiang Hangzhou 102 54 Anhui sheng AH 安徽省 Wan 皖 Anhwei Hefei 139 60 Fujian sheng FJ 福建省 Min 闽 Fukien Fuzhou 120 37 Jiangxi sheng JX 江西省 Gan 赣 Kiangsi Nanchang 166 46 Shandong sheng SD 山东省 Lu 鲁 Shantung Jinan 153 100 Henan sheng HEN 河南省 Yu 豫 Honan Zhengzhou 167 94 Hubei sheng HB 湖北省 E 鄂 Hupei Wuhan 187 57 Hunan sheng HN 湖南省 Xiang 湘 Changsha 210 67 Guangdong sheng GD 广东省 Yue 粤 Kwangtung Guangzhou 186 104 Guangxi Zhuangzu GX 广西壮族自治区 Gui 桂 Kwangsi Nanning 236 46 zizhiqu Hainan sheng HI 海南省 Qiong 琼 Haikou 34 9 Chongqing shi CQ 重庆市 Yu 渝 Chungching 82 19 Sichuan sheng SC 四川省 Chuan/Shu 川/蜀 Szuchwan Chengdu 488 80 Guizhou sheng GZ 贵州省 Qian/Gui 黔/贵 Kweichow Guiyang 176 36 Yunnan sheng YN 云南省 Dian/Yun 滇/云 Yünnan Kunming 394 46 Xizang zizhiqu XZ 西藏自治区 Zang 藏 Tibet Lhasa Lasa 1.220 3 Shaanxi sheng SN 陕西省 Shaan/Qin 陕/秦 Shensi Xi’an 205 37 Gansu sheng GS 甘肃省 Gan/Long 甘/陇 Kansu Lanzhou 450 26 Qinghai sheng QH 青海省 Qing 青 Chinghai Xining 720 6 Ningxia Huizu NX 宁夏回族自治区 Ning 宁 Ninghsia Yinchuan 66 6 zizhiqu Xinjiang Weiwuer XJ 新疆维吾尔自治区 Xin 新 Sinkiang Urumqi 1.600 22 zizhiqu Wulumuqi Xianggang tebie XG 香港特别行政区 Gang 港 Hong Kong 1,1 7 xingzhengqu Aomen tebie AM 澳门特别行政区 Ao 澳 Macao 0,023 0,2 xingzhengqu Taiwan sheng TW 台湾省 Tai 台 Formosa Taibei Taipei 36 23 © Leif LITTRUP 2020-09-17. Må med kildeangivelse anvendes til undervisningsformål. Forbehold for mangler og fejltagelser. 1 Københavns Universitet - - Saxo-Instituttet - - Afdeling for Historie Ændringer m.v. (Årstal i parentes ved provinser oprettet efter 1945, fortrinsvis i Manchuriet. De blev reguleret over de følgende 10 år. Der tages forbehold for misforståelser eller variationer.) Ming Dynastiet = Ming chao 明朝 1368-1644 Kun større enheder i forhold til nuværende provinser Huguang 湖广 = Hubei og Hunan Zhili 直隶eller Beizhili 北 直 隶 Nordlige direkte Nanzhili 南 直 隶 (Sydlige direkte administrerede administrerede område = Hebei område) = Jiangsu og Anhui Qing Dynastiet = Qing chao 清朝 1644-1912 Fengtian 奉天: provins 1907. Tidligere Shengjing 盛景 Xikang 西康 (i vestlige Sichuan): Særligt Administra- eller – på manchu – Mukden tivt Område 1911 Heilongjiang: provins 1907 Xinjiang: provins 1884 Huguang 湖广opdelt 1664 i Hubei og Hunan Xizang: Fra 1663 fællesbetegnelse for 4 områder: Jilin: provins 1907 Qianzang 前藏, Houzang 后藏, Kemu 喀木 og Ali 阿 Nanzhili南 直隶blev 1645 til Jiangnan 江南og 1667 里 opdelt i Jiangsu og Anhui Zhili (Cheli) 直隶 = nuværende Hebei Taiwan: præfektur under Fujian fra 1683. Provins 1885. Japansk 1895-1945 Den Kinesiske Republik = Zhonghua minguo 中华民国 1912-1949 Beijing selvstændig by/byprovins 1928. Indtil 1949 hed Ningxia blev provins i 1928 den Beiping Qinghai blev provins i 1928 Hebei skiftede 1928 navn fra Zhili Shanghai selvstændig by/byprovins 1930 Liaoning skiftede 1929 navn fra Fengtian Taiwan til Kina 1945 Neimenggu m,v, blev 1928 opdelt i provinserne Rehe Tianjin selvstændig by/byprovins 1928 (Jehol) 热河, Chahar 察哈尔, Suiyuan 绥远. Blev Xikang 西康: provins 1939 Neimenggu zizhiqu 1947-04-23 Xing'an 兴安 (1945) indgik 1947 i Neimenggu Nenjiang 嫩江, provins 1945, indgik 1949 i Heilongjiang Den Kinesiske Folkerepublik = Zhonghua renmin gongheguo 中华人民共和国 1949- Andong 安东 (1945) indgik 1949 i Liaodong. 1954 delt Pingyuan 平原 (1949) i nordlige Henan og Shandong, mellem Liaoning og Jilin Ophævet 1955 og delt mellem disse 2 provinser Aomen (Macau) under kinesisk administration 1999 Rehe opdelt 1955 mellem Hebei, Liaoning og Chahar ophævet 1952 og delt mellem Hebei og Shanxi Neimenggu Chongqing udskilt som byprovins fra Sichuan 1997 Songjiang 松江med Harbin (1945) indgik 1954 i Guangxi Zhuangzu zizhiqu fra 1958 Heilongjiang Hainan provins fra 1988 Suiyuan indgik 1954 i Neimenggu Hejiang 合江 (1945) indgik 1949 i Songjiang Taiwan, med Jinmen/Quemoy 金 门 og Mazu 马祖, (Heilongjiang 1954) fortsatte i 1949 under Den Kinesiske Republik, Liaobei 辽北 (1945) opdelt 1949 mellem Liaoxi Deltager i visse internationale sammenhænge ofte (Liaoning 1954), Neimenggu og Jilin med navnet på hovedstaden, Taipei / Taibei 台北 Liaodong辽东 (1949) 1954 delt mellem Liaoning og Tianjin under Hebei 1959-1966 Jilin Xianggang (Hong Kong) under kinesisk administration Liaoxi 辽西 (1949) 1954 delt mellem Liaoning 1997 (størsteparten) og Jilin Xikang indgik 1955 i Sichuan Nenjiang 嫩江 (1945) indgik 1949 i Heilongjiang Xinjiang Weiwuer zizhiqu fra 1955 Ningxia Huizu zizhiqu fra 1958 Xizang zizhiqu fra 1965 © Leif LITTRUP 2020-09-17. Må med kildeangivelse anvendes til undervisningsformål. Forbehold for mangler og fejltagelser. 2 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands
    The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Christmas, Sakura. 2016. The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan's Imperial Borderlands. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33840708 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan’s Imperial Borderlands A dissertation presented by Sakura Marcelle Christmas to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2016 © 2016 Sakura Marcelle Christmas All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Ian Jared Miller Sakura Marcelle Christmas The Cartographic Steppe: Mapping Environment and Ethnicity in Japan’s Imperial Borderlands ABSTRACT This dissertation traces one of the origins of the autonomous region system in the People’s Republic of China to the Japanese imperial project by focusing on Inner Mongolia in the 1930s. Here, Japanese technocrats demarcated the borderlands through categories of ethnicity and livelihood. At the center of this endeavor was the perceived problem of nomadic decline: the loss of the region’s deep history of transhumance to Chinese agricultural expansion and capitalist extraction.
    [Show full text]
  • Library of Congress Classification
    KZ LAW OF NATIONS KZ Law of nations Class here works on legal principles recognized by nations, and rules governing conduct of nations and their relations with one another, including supra-regional Intergovernmental Organizations (IGO's) and the legal regimes governing such organizations Class here the sources of international law, i.e. the law of treaties, arbitral awards and judicial decisions of the international courts For organizations with missions limited to a particular region, see the appropriate K subclass for the regional organization (e. g. KJE for the Council of Europe) For works on comparative and uniform law of two or more countries in different regions, and on private international law (Conflict of laws), see subclass K Bibliography For bibliography of special topics, see the topic 2 Bibliography of bibliography 3 General bibliography 4 Library catalogs. Union lists 5 Bibliography of periodicals, society publications, collections, etc. For indexes to a particular publication, see the publication 5.5 Indexes to periodical articles Periodicals For periodical articles consisting primarily of informative material, e. g. news letters, bulletins, etc. relating to a particular subject, see the subject. For collected papers, proceedings, etc. of a particular congress, see the congress. For particular society publications, e. g. directories, see the society For periodicals consisting predominantly of legal articles, regardless of subject matter and jurisdiction see K1+ 21 Annuals. Yearbooks Class here annual publications and surveys on current international law developments and analysis of recent events, including official document collections e. g. Annuaire français de droit international; Asian Yearbook of International Law; British Yearbook of International Law; Jahrbuch für internationales Recht; Suid-Afrikaanse jaarboek vir volkereg For annual reports on legal activities of intergovernmental organizations, see the organization (e.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881
    China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 The East India Company’s steamship Nemesis and other British ships engaging Chinese junks in the Second Battle of Chuenpi, 7 January 1841, during the first opium war. (British Library) ABOUT THE ARCHIVE China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 is digitised from the FO 17 series of British Foreign Office Files—Foreign Office: Political and Other Departments: General Correspondence before 1906, China— held at the National Archives, UK, providing a vast and significant primary source for researching every aspect of Chinese-British relations during the nineteenth century, ranging from diplomacy to trade, economics, politics, warfare, emigration, translation and law. This first part includes all content from FO 17 volumes 1–872. Source Library Number of Images The National Archives, UK Approximately 532,000 CONTENT From Lord Amherst’s mission at the start of the nineteenth century, through the trading monopoly of the Canton System, and the Opium Wars of 1839–1842 and 1856–1860, Britain and other foreign powers gradually gained commercial, legal, and territorial rights in China. Imperial China and the West provides correspondence from the Factories of Canton (modern Guangzhou) and from the missionaries and diplomats who entered China in the early nineteenth century, as well as from the envoys and missions sent to China from Britain and the later legation and consulates. The documents comprising this collection include communications to and from the British legation, first at Hong Kong and later at Peking, and British consuls at Shanghai, Amoy (Xiamen), Swatow (Shantou), Hankow (Hankou), Newchwang (Yingkou), Chefoo (Yantai), Formosa (Taiwan), and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Traditional Theatre's Form of Jiangxi-Huguang-Sichuan Area's Emigration Route During Ming to Qing Dynasty
    International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 1, February 2014 Research on Traditional Theatre's Form of Jiangxi-Huguang-Sichuan Area's Emigration Route during Ming to Qing Dynasty Xiaofeng Li and Shenglan Wu region cohesive force and met to partake in each joys at Abstract—This article researches the development and every festival. According to statistics, Sichuan had over character of emigration route in Ming and Qing period forming 1400. The mainly of north-south axis was not front and an axis of Jiangxi-Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan area, a new pattern of back corridors, just placed the central axis line, but in migration had emerged and transformed by principal migrate regions of complex topography, it should proceed from from north to south of settlers originated in Chin and Han dynasties. Research shows the erection of theatrical building is reality local conditions, even the public section must be most activity of immigration climax, rich history and condensed kept separate from the principal, as in Chongqing (Fig. 3 culture, makes an important part of private communal and Fig. 4). The basic principle hadn't changed much, recreations, so thousands of theatrical building are built in that still more dominant while the courtyard was an amalgam time correspondingly, still features design and diversified styles of all three part of balcony, stage platform which on both are extensively distributed. With physical carrier of culture, the sides spiritual core is revealed, the study of architectural history is filled through the deeply for the theater buildings. 3) House Theater: Few buildings fellow a consistent pattern inner the house, most performs in the hall or Index Terms—Emigration route, traditional theatre, courtyard [3].
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Music and Identity
    Yang: The Politics of Music and Identity 523 dieKunst kontrolliert, begrenzt undgearbeitetist,umsofreier istsie.«5 DarüberwirD mansichkaumwundern,wennman an andere vergleichbare FälleinStravinskijskomposi- torischemSchaffen denkt.(DieseEinstellungist eher im letztenamerikanischen Schaffen auffällig. In denpräkompositorischen Phasen isteinestrenge serielle Richtliniezuerken- nen, dieerstspätervom ›Handwerker‹frei behandeltwirDDurch Entscheidungen,die sich vor allem nach dem Hören richten.) DieIdee, nach bestimmten aufMetronombasis errechnetenZeitverhältnissenzukompo- nieren, diedamit in Minutenund Sekunden übertragbar sind,ist einVerfahren,das unsere Ohren zunächst kaum wahrnehmen: Im Schaffen ausder Zeit des Concerto weisen lediglichdie Symphonies eine vergleichbare Genauigkeitauf.Mit der Zeit wird aber dasInteressedes Kom- ponistenfür dasTimingimmer intensiver unDDie Abweichungenvon einergenauen Be- rechnung seltener,sodassder Komponistmit immerkomplexeren Proportionen arbeitet.Die formaleZeitgliederunginden oben erläutertenBeispielenbleibtzwarein paradigmatischer Fall fürdie Ordnung, dieStravinskij im Kompositionsprozess anstrebt.Analogzudem pro- minenterenFall der Symphonies belegt dasVorhandensein dieser Rechnungen eine generelle Tendenzvon Stravinskijs musikalischenUntersuchungender 1920er Jahre. Dieseund noch andere Faktoren erlauben uns, einaltes,aberimmer noch anzutreffendes Vorurteilzuüber- winden,und zwar dieVorstellung, Stravinskijs Musikder Zeit seilediglichein bloßer Rück- griffauf alte Modelle,formaldiskontinuierlich undaus
    [Show full text]
  • I.D. Jiangnan 241
    I.D. THE JIANGNAN REGION, 1645–1659 I.D.1. Archival Documents, Published Included are items concerning Jiangnan logistical support for campaigns in other regions, as well as maritime attacks on Jiangnan. a. MQSL. Ser. 甲, vols. 2–4; ser. 丙, vols. 2, 6-8; ser. 丁, vol. 1; ser. 己, vols. 1–6. b. MQCZ. I: Hongguang shiliao 弘光史料, items 82, 87. III: Hong Chengchou shiliao 洪承疇史料, item 50; Zheng Chenggong shiliao 鄭成 功史料, item 82. c. MQDA. Ser. A, vols. 3–8, 11, 13, 17, 19–26, 28–31, 34–37. d. QNMD. Vol. 2 (see I.B.1.d.). e. QNZS. Bk. 1, vol. 2. f. Hong Chengchou zhangzou wence huiji 洪承疇章奏文冊彙輯. Comp. Wu Shigong 吳世拱. Guoli Beijing daxue yanjiuyuan wenshi congkan 國立北 京大學研究院文史叢刊, no. 4. Shanghai: CP, 1937. Rpts. in MQ, pt. 3, vol. 10. Rep. in 2 vol., TW, no. 261; rpt. TWSL, pt. 4, vol. 61. Hong Chengchou was the Ming Viceroy of Jifu and Liaoning 薊遼 總 督 from 1639 until his capture by the forces of Hungtaiji in the fall of Songshan 松山 in 1642. After the rebel occupation of Beijing and the death of the CZ emperor, Hong assumed official appointment under the Qing and went on to become the most important former Ming official to assist in the Qing conquest of all of China (see Li Guangtao 1948a; Wang Chen-main 1999; Li Xinda 1992). Many of his very numerous surviving memorials have been published in MQSL and MQDA. In the present col- lection of 67 memorials, 13 represent his service as Viceroy of Jiangnan and “Pacifier of the South” 招撫南方 from 1645 through 1648.
    [Show full text]
  • Factory Address Country
    Factory Address Country Durable Plastic Ltd. Mulgaon, Kaligonj, Gazipur, Dhaka Bangladesh Lhotse (BD) Ltd. Plot No. 60&61, Sector -3, Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone, North Potenga, Chittagong Bangladesh Bengal Plastics Ltd. Yearpur, Zirabo Bazar, Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh ASF Sporting Goods Co., Ltd. Km 38.5, National Road No. 3, Thlork Village, Chonrok Commune, Korng Pisey District, Konrrg Pisey, Kampong Speu Cambodia Ningbo Zhongyuan Alljoy Fishing Tackle Co., Ltd. No. 416 Binhai Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang China Ningbo Energy Power Tools Co., Ltd. No. 50 Dongbei Road, Dongqiao Industrial Zone, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang China Junhe Pumps Holding Co., Ltd. Wanzhong Villiage, Jishigang Town, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang China Skybest Electric Appliance (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. No. 18 Hua Hong Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu China Zhejiang Safun Industrial Co., Ltd. No. 7 Mingyuannan Road, Economic Development Zone, Yongkang, Zhejiang China Zhejiang Dingxin Arts&Crafts Co., Ltd. No. 21 Linxian Road, Baishuiyang Town, Linhai, Zhejiang China Zhejiang Natural Outdoor Goods Inc. Xiacao Village, Pingqiao Town, Tiantai County, Taizhou, Zhejiang China Guangdong Xinbao Electrical Appliances Holdings Co., Ltd. South Zhenghe Road, Leliu Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong China Yangzhou Juli Sports Articles Co., Ltd. Fudong Village, Xiaoji Town, Jiangdu District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu China Eyarn Lighting Ltd. Yaying Gang, Shixi Village, Shishan Town, Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong China Lipan Gift & Lighting Co., Ltd. No. 2 Guliao Road 3, Science Industrial Zone, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, Guangdong China Zhan Jiang Kang Nian Rubber Product Co., Ltd. No. 85 Middle Shen Chuan Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong China Ansen Electronics Co. Ning Tau Administrative District, Qiao Tau Zhen, Dongguan, Guangdong China Changshu Tongrun Auto Accessory Co., Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal and Spatial Variations of Mesozoic Magmatism and Deformation in the North China Craton: Implications for Lithospheric Thinning and Decratonization
    Earth-Science Reviews 131 (2014) 49–87 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Temporal and spatial variations of Mesozoic magmatism and deformation in the North China Craton: Implications for lithospheric thinning and decratonization Shuan-Hong Zhang a,⁎,YueZhaoa, Gregory A. Davis b,HaoYea,FeiWua a Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, MLR Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Beijing 100081, China b Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740, USA article info abstract Article history: Mesozoic (Triassic–Cretaceous) magmatic rocks and structural deformation are widely distributed in the North Received 16 August 2013 China Craton (NCC) and are crucial to understanding the timing, location, and geodynamic mechanisms of Accepted 16 December 2013 lithospheric thinning and decratonization of the NCC. Our new geochronological, geochemical and structural Available online 30 December 2013 data combined with previously published results on Mesozoic magmatic rocks and deformational structures in the NCC indicate a temporal and spatial migration of magmatism and deformation from its margins to its cratonal Keywords: interior. Triassic and Early Jurassic igneous rocks are only distributed along the northern, southern and eastern Magmatism Deformation margins of the NCC. In contrast, Cretaceous magmatic rocks are widely distributed in whole eastern and central Mesozoic parts of the NCC. There is a younging trend for Mesozoic magmatic rocks from the northern and eastern parts Decratonization (Yanshan, Jiaodong Peninsula and Liaodong) to the central part of the NCC (Taihangshan). Mesozoic deformation Lithospheric thinning in the NCC exhibits a similar migration trend from craton margins to its inland areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
    WHC Nomination Documentation File Name: 1004.pdf UNESCO Region: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties DA TE OF INSCRIPTION: 2nd December 2000 STATE PARTY: CHINA CRITERIA: C (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (vi) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Criterion (i):The harmonious integration of remarkable architectural groups in a natural environment chosen to meet the criteria of geomancy (Fengshui) makes the Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs masterpieces of human creative genius. Criteria (ii), (iii) and (iv):The imperial mausolea are outstanding testimony to a cultural and architectural tradition that for over five hundred years dominated this part of the world; by reason of their integration into the natural environment, they make up a unique ensemble of cultural landscapes. Criterion (vi):The Ming and Qing Tombs are dazzling illustrations of the beliefs, world view, and geomantic theories of Fengshui prevalent in feudal China. They have served as burial edifices for illustrious personages and as the theatre for major events that have marked the history of China. The Committee took note, with appreciation, of the State Party's intention to nominate the Mingshaoling Mausoleum at Nanjing (Jiangsu Province) and the Changping complex in the future as an extention to the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS The Ming and Qing imperial tombs are natural sites modified by human influence, carefully chosen according to the principles of geomancy (Fengshui) to house numerous buildings of traditional architectural design and decoration. They illustrate the continuity over five centuries of a world view and concept of power specific to feudal China.
    [Show full text]
  • Communication, Empire, and Authority in the Qing Gazette
    COMMUNICATION, EMPIRE, AND AUTHORITY IN THE QING GAZETTE by Emily Carr Mokros A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2016 © 2016 Emily Carr Mokros All rights Reserved Abstract This dissertation studies the political and cultural roles of official information and political news in late imperial China. Using a wide-ranging selection of archival, library, and digitized sources from libraries and archives in East Asia, Europe, and the United States, this project investigates the production, regulation, and reading of the Peking Gazette (dibao, jingbao), a distinctive communications channel and news publication of the Qing Empire (1644-1912). Although court gazettes were composed of official documents and communications, the Qing state frequently contracted with commercial copyists and printers in publishing and distributing them. As this dissertation shows, even as the Qing state viewed information control and dissemination as a strategic concern, it also permitted the free circulation of a huge variety of timely political news. Readers including both officials and non-officials used the gazette in order to compare judicial rulings, assess military campaigns, and follow court politics and scandals. As the first full-length study of the Qing gazette, this project shows concretely that the gazette was a powerful factor in late imperial Chinese politics and culture, and analyzes the close relationship between information and imperial practice in the Qing Empire. By arguing that the ubiquitous gazette was the most important link between the Qing state and the densely connected information society of late imperial China, this project overturns assumptions that underestimate the importance of court gazettes and the extent of popular interest in political news in Chinese history.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL Matsusaka
    Imagining Manmō: Mapping the Russo-Japanese Boundary Agreements in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia, 1907–1915 Yoshihisa Tak Matsusaka, Wellesley College Abstract This study attempts to delineate the boundaries of the spheres of interest in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia established under the Russo-Japanese accords of 1907 and 1912. Although the agreements are well known, there have been few efforts to reconstruct these spheres cartographically. Two existing maps offer contradictory interpretations. These partition agreements had a major impact on diplomacy, railway policy, and strategic planning during the decade they held force between 1907 and 1916, and the precise location of the Russo-Japanese sphere boundaries in this contested region was a matter of no small consequence. The author proposes a revised boundary map based on an examination of textual and cartographic sources, including maps produced by the army command of the Kwantung government-general. At the same time, the author seeks to highlight the potential value of cartographic analysis as a mode of historical inquiry into the record of Japanese imperialism. Cartography was an indispensable tool for modern empire builders in bringing a measurable territoriality to their realms and making their lands and subjects politically legible. The mapping entailed in these boundary agreements was important not only in bilateral diplomacy, but also in enhancing the legibility of Manchuria and Inner Mongolia to Japanese imperialists themselves. Introduction Early in the twentieth century, Russian and Japanese diplomats negotiated boundary agreements that partitioned Manchuria and Inner Mongolia into spheres of interest. Although staking out such spheres in China had emerged as a common practice among the Great Powers around the turn of the century, the Russo-Japanese agreements were unusual in adopting an approach to boundary making more consistent with the demarcation of formal territorial frontiers than with the rather amorphous claims characteristic of conventional sphärenpolitik.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transition of the Kuomintang Government's Policies Towards
    International Journal of Korean History (Vol.20 No.2, Aug. 2015) 153 a 1946: The Transition of the Kuomintang Government’s Policies towards Korean Immigrants in Northeast China* Zhang Muyun** Introduction Currently, the research on the Kuomintang Government’s policies to- wards Korean immigrants has gradually increased. Scholars have attached great importance to the use of archival resources in Shanghai, Tianjin, Peking, Wuhan and Liaoning. Yang Xiaowen1 (2008) made use of the original records to discuss post-war China’s policies towards the repatria- tion of Korean immigrants in the Wuhan area. Ma Jun, Shan Guanchu2 (2006) adequately utilized Zhongguo diyu hanren tuanti guanxi shiliao * An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 3rd Annual Korea University Korean History Graduate Student Conference, 2015, Korea University. I thank my discussant and conference participants for valuable discussions. I also appreciate the IJKH reviewers for very helpful comments. ** MA student, Major in history of modern China, School of Marxism, Tsinghua University. 1 Yang Xiaowen. “Zhanhou zhongguo guannei hanren de jizhong qianfan zhengce ji qi shijian yanjiu: yi wuhan wei gean fenxi” (the post-war Chinese’s policies to- wards repatriation of Korean immigrants in Wuhan area) (Master diss., Fudan University, 2008). 2 Ma Jun, Shan Guanchu. “Zhanhou guomin zhengfu qianfan hanren zhengce de yanbian ji zai shanghai diqu de shijian” (the development of the Kuomintang gov- ernment’s policies towards repatriation of Korean immigrants in Shanghai area), Shilin, 2006(2). 154 1946: The Transition of the Kuomintang Government’s Policies ~ huibian3(the Comprehensive Collection of Archival Papers on Korean immigrants’ organizations in China) to investigate the development of the Kuomintang government’s policies towards the repatriation of Korean immigrants in the Shanghai area.
    [Show full text]